Parilekh shodh sandarbh january 17 by shodhadarsh

izos'kkad

vad% 1 tuojh] 2017

ifjys[k 'kks/k lanHkZ ¼bZif=dk½

ISSN APPLIED

vad&1 % tuojh] 2017

ISSN Applied

izos'kkad

ifjys[k 'kks/k lanHkZ ¼bZif=dk½

vad&1 % tuojh] 2017

ISSN Applied

izos'kkad

ifjys[k 'kks/k lanHkZ 'kks/k dh bZ&if=dk vad&1 tuojh] 2017 ISSN Applied laj{kd izks- _"kHknso 'kekZ laiknu lykgdkj MkW- xqjZedksaMk uhjtk MkW- lquhrk laiknd veu dqekj ^R;kxh* dk;Zdkjh laiknd vjfoan dqekj flag laiknu lg;ksx vpZuk jkt O;oLFkkid vf{k R;kxh 'kCnkadu rUe; R;kxh vkoj.k veu izwQ jfMax eatq R;kxh vkoj.k fp= varjtky ls lkHkkj

ys[kdksa ls vuqjks/k jpuk,a —frnso010 QkaV esa gh Hkstsa] ihMh,Q u Hkstsa] ,e,l oMZ vFkok istesdj esa jpuk,a Hkstsa] 'kks/k ys[k yxHkx 3000 'kCnksa esa HkstsaA 'kks/ki=ksa esa varjjk"Vªh; ekudksa dk iz;ksx djsaA ekud orZuh dk iz;ksx djsaA ;g if=dk vkilh lg;ksx ls izdkf'kr dh tk jgh gS blfy, vkfFkZd lgk;rk dj iz;kl dks fodkl nsaA

jpuk,a Hkstas

J)s; izks- _"kHknso 'kekZ th dks mudh "k"VhiwfrZ 29 tuojh 2017 ij lizse rkfd izse cuk jgs

laikndh; fganh Hkk"kk vkSj lkfgR; dk Qyd ftruk foLr`r vkSj cgqvk;keh gS] mlls lacfa èkr vè;;u&vè;kiu vkSj vuqla/kku dk {ks= Hkh mruk gh foLr`r vkSj çlj.k'khy gSA ;ksa rks fganh dHkh Hkh {ks= fo'ks"k rd lhfer Hkk"kk ugha Fkh] ysfdu orZeku le; esa fofèkor lc çdkj dh {ks=h; vkSj HkkSxksfyd y{e.kjs[kkvksa dk vfrØe.k djds og lkoZnsf'kd] vf[ky Hkkjrh; Hkk"kk ds :i esa mHkjh gS vkSj lc çdkj ds foe'kZ dks laHko cukrh gqbZ viuh fo'o Hkk"kk dh nkosnkjh dks iq"V dj jgh gSA oSls Hkh ;g le; dsaæ ls ifjfèk dh vksj tkus okys foe'kksaZ dk le; gSA dguk u gksxk fd fganh dh ç—fr Hkh dsaæ ls ifjfèk dh vksj tkus dh jgh gSA foe'kksaZ ds bl le; esa ifjf/k dh xfrfof/k;k¡ egRoiw.kZ gks xbZ gSa vkSj cgqdsaæh;rk mHkkj ij gSA fganh v/;;u&v/;kiu vkSj vuqlaèkku dk cgqdsaæh; çlkj bldk çek.k gSA ge dguk ;g pkgrs gSa fd ftu {ks=ksa dks vfganh Hkk"kh vFkok fganhrj dgdj fganh Hkk"kk vkSj lkfgR; ,oa rRlaca/kh vuqla/kku ds gkf'k, ij /kdsy dj yxHkx vuqifLFkr eku fy;k tkrk Fkk] vkt mu {ks=ksa esa dsoy ijaijkxr gh ugha oju~ u,] ekSfyd] vNwrs vkSj pqukSrhiw.kZ fo"k;ksa ij fganh Hkk"kh vkSj vfganh Hkk"kh ds Hksn ds fcuk] mR—’V dksfV dk vuqlaèkku dk;Z gks jgk gSA nf{k.k Hkkjr fganh çpkj lHkk }kjk lapkfyr mPp f'k{kk vkSj 'kks/k laLFkku dk bl fn'kk esa ;ksxnku vuU; gSA ijarq [ksn dk fo"k; gS fd vHkh rd Hkh blds laca/k esa vf/kla[; fganhtu vifjfpr gSa D;ksafd bl çHkwr 'kksèkdk;Z dks vHkh rd Hkh leqfpr çdk'ku ds volj vuqiyC/k gSaA nf{k.k Hkkjr esa gks jgs 'kks/kdk;Z dh ,d ckuxh çLrqr djus dk fouez ç;kl gSA blesa ladfyr lHkh 'kks/ki= gSnjkckn ¼rsyaxkuk½ fLFkr 'kks/kdrkZvksa ds Lok/;k; dk ifj.kke gSA buesa ls vf/kla[; 'kks/kdrkZ vHkh vuqla/kku iFk ds vUos”kh ifFkd gSa rFkkfi mudh 'kks/k–f"V ,dne lkQ] rVLFk] okn fujis{k vkSj ekuo lkis{k gSA ;gk¡ ladfyr 'kks/ki=ksa esa v/;s; ikB ds :i esa dkO;] miU;kl] dgkuh] ukVd] cky lkfgR; vkSj lk{kkRdkj tSlh fofo/k fo/kkvksa ds ikB rks xzg.k fd, gh x, gSa i=dkfjrk] ehfM;k vkSj oSKkfud lkfgR; rd dks Hkkf"kd vuqlaèkku ds nk;js esa yk;k x;k gSA blls fu'p; gh fganh vuqla/kku ds {ks= dks O;kidrk çkIr gqbZ gSA bruk gh ugha vuwfnr lkfgR; dk fo'ys"k.k bls vkSj Hkh foLrkj çnku djrk gSA blh çdkj bu 'kks/ki=ksa esa v/kqukru 'kksèk–f"V;ksa dk Hkh oSfo/; ns[kus dks feysxkA ;fn buesa 'kks/k vkSj leh{kk dh jk"Vªh;&lkaL—frd –f"V] lkekftd –f"V vkSj ,sfrgkfld –f"V tSlh ikjaifjd vkykspuk –f"V;k¡ fo|eku gSa rks L=h foe'kZ] vkfnoklh foe'kZ] foLFkkfir foe'kZ] vYila[;d foe'kZ] nfyr foe'kZ] o`)koLFkk foe'kZ vkSj ehfM;k foe'kZ tSlh fiNys nks rhu n'kdksa esa fodflr mÙkj vk/kqfud vkykspuk –f"V;k¡ bl iqLrd dks ,dne ubZ fn'kk dks [kksyus okyh cukrh gSaA bruk gh ugha ç;kstuewyd Hkk"kk] L=h Hkk"kk] yksdrRo vkSj vuqokn foe'kZ ij tks 'kksèkiw.kZ v/;;u ;gk¡ miyC/k gS] og bl iqLrd dks vkSj Hkh mikns; cukus okyk gS] blesa lansg ughaA

vk'kk gS] eksfr;ksa ds 'kgj gSnjkckn ls çdk'k esa vk jgs bl ç—r eqäkgkj dks fganh txr esa Lusg vkSj viukiu feysxkA uksV& 'kks/k vkys[kksa dh iqLrd izdkf'kr _’kHknso “kekZ dh tk,xh] ;g iqLrd ys[kdksa dks izfs "kr xqjZedksaMk uhjtk Hkh dh tk,xh] iqLrd ij vkbZ,lch,u parilekhshodhsandarbh@gmail.com

vafdr gksxkA lHkh in voSrfud gSa

izFke vad dk laiknu izks- _"kHknso 'kekZ vkSj MkW- xqjZedksaMk uhjtk n~okjk

lg;ksxh laLFkk,a ifjys[k izdk'ku& dksrokyh jksM] okfy;k ekdsVZ ] uthckckn&246763 'kkiZ fjiksVZj] euehr& gksVy uhydaB] vktex<+ ifjf/k ykbo MkWV dkWe& vkn'kZ uxj] uthckckn&246763 ifjys[k 'kks/k lanHkZ ¼bZif=dk½

vad&1 % tuojh] 2017

'kh?kz gh varjtky ij ns[ksx a s www.parilekh.com www.paridhilive.com www.sharpreporter.com www.manmeet.org ISSN Applied

izos'kkad

vuqØe Hkk"kk foe'kZ • o`)ksa dh Hkk"kk dk lkekftd lanHkZ 5 • nfyr lkfgR; dh Hkk"kk % ^VwVrs laokn* dk lanHkZ 11 • ^;gk¡ forLrk cgrh gS* dk ikB fo'ys"k.k % lekarjrk vkSj fopyu dk lanHkZ 14 • vukfedk ds lkfgR; esa L=h dh nsg Hkk"kk 19 • MhvkjMhvks dk oSKkfud lkfgR; 21 • ukfljk 'kekZ ds dFkklkfgR; esa L=h Hkk"kk 23 L=h foe'kZ • ekuokf/kdkj vkSj L=h l'kähdj.k % oSpkfjdrk 25 • eS=; s h iq"ik ds miU;klksa esa L=h la?k"kZ 28 • —".kk vfXugks=h ds miU;kl ^ckr ,d vkSjr dh* esa L=h la?k"kZ 29 • ukfljk 'kekZ dh dgkfu;ksa esa fL=;ksa dk thou 31 • ledkyhu dgkfu;ksa esa fpf=r ukjh dk vkfFkZd 'kks"k.k 33 nfyr foe'kZ • fganh dk çFke nfyr miU;kl ^NIij* 35 • nfyr dgkfu;ksa esa çfrjks/k dk ;FkkFkZ 36 tutkfr foe'kZ • esg#fUulk ijost dh dgkfu;ksa esa vkfnoklh laL—fr % yksdrRo 39 • tksjke ;kyke ukcke dh dgkfu;ksa esa tutkrh; ifjos'k 45 • catkjk yksd mRlo % rht 48 • catkjk tutkfr dk rht 49 laL—fr foe'kZ • Hkkjrh; rFkk fons'kh Hkk"kkvksa esa jkedFkk 50 • ek[kuyky prqonZs h ds dkO; esa Hkkjrekrk dh ladYiuk vkSj Lrqfr 55 • fganh ukVdksa esa fo'oca/kqRo ,oa jk"Vªh; fopkj/kkjk 58 • ukfljk 'kekZ ds miU;kl ^dqb;k¡tku* esa fgan& w eqfLye HkkbZpkjk 59 • dgkfu;ksa esa laL—fr % nkaiR; thou dk lanHkZ 61 i;kZoj.k foe'kZ • ^Mwc* miU;kl esa foLFkkiu dh leL;k 62 ehfM;k foe'kZ • ia- in~eflag “kekZ vkSj ^Hkkjrksn;* 64 • Økafr dk chti= % vkapfyd i=dkfjrk 67 • ^xksnku* esa çsepan dk thou n'kZu ,oa i=dkfjrk dk lanHkZ 69 ckylkfgR; foe'kZ • cky lkfgR; % ç;kstu] vko';drk vkSj Lo:i 70 • ckylkfgR;dkj lq/kkdj vk'kkoknh dk çns; 73 • fganh cky dgkuh 75 vuqokn foe'kZ • fo'oukFk lR;ukjk;.k —r rsyx q q miU;kl ^ osf;iMxyq* dk vuqokn % lkaL—frd lanHkZ 77 fofo/kk • miU;kldkj ds :i esa M‚- nso's k Bkdqj 81 • Q.kh'ojukFk ^js.kq* dk jktuhfrd fparu 82 • fganh miU;klksa esa f'k{kk txr dk ;FkkFkZ % ^jkx njckjh* dk fo'ks"k lanHkZ 84 • Jhyky 'kqDy ds miU;kl ^lwuh ?kkVh dk lwjt* esa xzkeh.k lanHkZ 87 • vKs; dh dgkfu;ksa esa ç—fr fp=.k 89 • jes'k iks[kfj;ky ^fu'kad* dh dgkfu;ksa esa csjkstxkjh dh leL;k 90 • fganh dgkfu;ksa esa ikfjokfjd ;FkkFkZ 91 • cky'kkSfj jsìh ds lk{kkRdkjksa esa ys[kdh; O;faäRo 94 • cukjlhnkl prqoZns h % i=ksa ds vkbZus esa 97 • bDdhloha lnh ds fganh miU;kl vkSj o`)koLFkk foe'kZ 100 y?kqdFkk 18 dfork 22]30]99 lw= okD; 13] 27] 30] 32] 34] 35] 47] 48] 49] 57] 60] 61] 63] 74] 88] 89] 90] 105] 106 ifjys[k 'kks/k lanHkZ ¼bZif=dk½

ys[kdksa ls vuqjks/k Hkkoh ;kstuk ^îfjys[k 'kks/k lanHkZ** =Sekfld bZif=dk gS ftlesa fganh ,oa i=dkfjrk ls lacaf/kr ekSfyd 'kks/k&i=] 'kks/k leh{kk] fopkj] ys[kksa vkfn dk çdk'ku fd;k tk,xkA 'kks/k ys[k Hkstrs le; —i;k fuEu fcanqvksa ij /;ku nsa & 'kks/k&ys[k yxHkx 2000&3000 'kCnksa rd gksA lanHkZ xzaFk lwph dk mYys[k djsaA lanHkZ xzaFk lwph esa ys[kd dk miuke] eq[; uke] iqLrd dk uke] çdk'ku dk o"kZ ,oa i`"B la[;k vafdr gksuk pkfg,A if=dk ds lanHkZ esa ys[k dk 'kh"kZd] if=dk dk uke] vad] i`"B Øe ,oa çdk'ku o"kZ nsaA 'kks/k&i= A-4 lkbt ds dkxt ij daI;wVj ls ,d rjQ eqfær gksA vFkok 'kks/k&i= Microsoft Office Word vFkok Page maker 7 esa fganh esa Krutidev 010 ds Font Size 12 esa Vkbi djokdj HkstsaA ekud orZuh dk iz;ksx djsaA bZ&esy }kjk ys[k Hkstus ij Hkh vkys[k nks çfr;ksa esa vo'; HkstsaA 'kks/k ys[kksa dh Loh—fr ,oa vLoh—fr dk vafre fu.kZ; lacafèkr fo"k; ds nks fo'ks"kKksa dh vuq'kalk ls laiknd eaMy }kjk fy;k tkrk gSA bl laca/k esa vafre vf/kdkj laiknd dks çkIr gS tks lHkh ys[kdksa dks ekU; gksxkA 'kks/k ys[k Loh—r gks tkus ij ys[kd dks lg;ksx Lo:i 1000@& ¼,d gtkj #i,½ çsf"kr djuk gksxk rkfd Loh—r 'kks/k ys[k ISBN ds lkFk iqLrdkdkj esa Hkh çdkf'kr fd, tk ldsA ftldh nks çfr;ka ys[kd dks çsf"kr dh tk,axhA 'kks/k ys[k ds çdk'ku gsrq laiknd ds uke i= gksuk pkfg,] ftlesa Li"V :i ls 'kks/k i= ds laca/k esa êkSfydrk* dk çek.ki= gksuk pkfg,A 'kks/k ys[k esa lkj.kh ,oa fp=ksa dk mi;ksx ys[k ds chp esa u djrs gq, var esa lanHkZ ;k layXud ds :i esa djsaA 'kks/k ys[k fy[krs le; —i;k /;ku nsa& vkys[k esa ubZ ,oa ekSfyd mn~Hkkouk@vo/kkj.kk dk çfriknu gks ,oa iwoZ LFkkfir vo/kkj.kk@ekU;rk] LFkkiuk vkfn dk fo'ys"k.k gksA 'kks/k vkys[k rkfdZd ,oa Ükà[kykcn~/k gks vkSj vuko';d 'kCnksa dk ç;ksx u gksA lanHkZ lkfgR; dk i;kZIr v/;;u gksA =qfViw.kZ rF;ksa ,oa vkadM+ksa dk mYys[k u gksA ikB esa mfYyf[kr lanHkZ ys[k ds var esa nh xbZ lanHkZ lwph esa fy[kk gksA lanHkZ esa iqLrd dk laLdj.k Hkh fy[kk gksA ikB esa O;kdj.kd =qfV;ka u gksaA ys[k vis{kk—r cM+k u gksA fo"k; çfriknu esa fo"k; Li"V gksA rF;ksa] Hkkoksa ;k fopkjksa dh iqujko`fÙk u gksA 'kks/k ys[k esa varjjk"Vªh; ekudksa dk iz;ksx djsaA 'kks/k ys[k Hkstus dk irk& veu dqekj R;kxh ifjys[k çdk'ku dksrokyh ekxZ] okfy;k ekdsZV] uthckckn &246763 fctukSj] mç bZesy irk& parilekhshodhsandrabh@gmail.com amankumarnbd@gmail.com

eksck- 9410890390] 9897742814 uksV& 'kks/k ys[k parilekhshodhsandarbh.blogspot.in ij Hkh çdkf'kr fd, tk,axs

vad&1 % tuojh] 2017

ISSN Applied

izos'kkad

o`)ksa dh Hkk"kk dk lkekftd lanHkZ & M‚- f'kodqekj jktkSfj;k euq"; ,d lkekftd çk.kh gSA mls fopkjksa ds vknku&çnku ds fy, Hkk"kk dh vko';drk gSA Hkk"kk gh og ek/;e gS tks ,d nwljs ds Hkkoksa dks le>us ds fy, ,d jkLrk cukrh gSA cksyus vkSj fy[kus ds le; ge ftu 'kCnksa dk ç;ksx djrs gS]a ftl çdkj dh lajpuk dks viukrs gSa vkSj ftu 'kCnksa ds }kjk okD;ksa dks ,d nwljs ls tksMr+ s gS]a os lHkh lkFkZd gksrs gSa vkSj mudh lkFkZdrk O;fäxr u gksdj lkekftd vkSj laLFkkxr gksrh gSA blhfy, Hkk"kk dks lkekftd oLrq dgk tkrk gS] tks u dsoy fopkj&fofue;] vfirq euq"; ds lkjs dk;Z] O;kikj dks lapkfyr djrh gSA mlds fyf[kr rFkk ekSf[kd :i dh lgk;rk ls gh lekt dk çfrfcac mHkjdj lkeus vkrk gSA vU; çkf.k;ksa ls euq"; ds fodklksUeq[k :i dks mlds fopkj fofue; dh {kerk }kjk js[kkafdr fd;k tk ldrk gSA fopkjksa ds vknku&çnku dks gh Hkk"kk dgk tkrk gSA ;gh Hkk"kk gS tks euq"; dks lkekftd fl) djus esa lgk;d gksrh gSA euq"; ds lHkh dk;Z bl Hkk"kk }kjk fd, tkrs gSAa ;fn ;g Hkk"kk u gksrh rks 'kk;n euq"; dk mruk fodkl Hkh u gks ikrk ftruk vkt ge ns[k jgs gSAa bl ls Li"V gS fd Hkk"kk vkSj lekt vU;ksU;kfJr gSAa Hkk"kk dk O;ogkj lekt lanfHkZr ;FkkFkZ gSA vFkkZr fofHkUu O;fä;ksa }kjk Hkk"kk ds ç;ksx esa fHkUurk vkSj fofo/krk ikbZ tkrh gS ftldk vk/kkj lekt esa fLFkr gksrk gSA dgus dk vfHkçk; ;g gS fd gekjk lkekftd Lrj vkSj gekjs lkekftd lac/a k] gekjs Hkk"kk O;ogkj dks fu/kkZfjr djrs gSAa oäk vkSj Jksrk dh lkekftd&lkaL—frd i`"BHkwfe gksrh gS ftuds mÙkj ds vuqlkj gh dksbZ O;fä vyx&vyx rjg ls Hkk"kk dk O;ogkj djrk gSA vk;qtfur cM+Iiu c<+rh vk;q ds lkFk&lkFk O;fä dks dHkh vius vki ls rks dHkh nwljksa dh [kq'kh ds dkj.k le>kSrk djuk iM+rk gS] tc og thou ds vafre iM+ko ij igq¡p tkrk gSA vFkkZr o`) gks tkrk gS rc lekt] ?kj&ifjokj ds lHkh yksx muls ;gh vk'kk djrs gSa fd og viuh vk;q ds vuq:i cM+Iiu fn[kk,A dHkh o`)ksa dks viuh LosPNk ls fdlh ckr esa viuh vuqefr nsuh iM+rh gS rks dHkh uk pkgrs gq, Hkh mUgsa ml ckr ls le>kSrk djrs gq, viuk cM+Iiu fn[kkrs gq, vuqefr nsuh gh iM+rh gSA vDlj o`) ;gh lksprs gSa fd vc gekjh ethZ D;k egRo j[krh gS( ftlesa cPps [kq'k] mlh esa ge [kq'kA geus rks viuk thou g¡lh&[kq'kh th fy;kA vc tks dqN gS] lc cPpksa ds fy, gh rks gSA o`)ksa ds blh vk;qtfur cM+Iiu dks foosP; dgkfu;ksa esa muds laoknksa dh Hkk"kk esa ns[kk tk ldrk gSA mnkgj.k ds fy, o`)ksa ds vk;qtfur cM+Iiu dh Hkk"kk dks çsepan vkSj t;'kadj çlkn us viuh dgkfu;ksa ^ek¡*] ^vyX;ks>k* vkSj ^eerk* esa vR;ar LokHkkfod :i ls çLrqr fd;k gS& ¼v½ Þvkf[kj ,d fnu mlus çdk'k ls dgk&ÞcsVk vxj rqeus foyk;r tkus dh Bku yh gS] rks pys tkvksA eSa euk u d:¡xhA eq>s [ksn gS fd eSua s rqEgsa jksdkA vxj eSa tkurh fd rqEgsa bruk vk?kkr ifjys[k 'kks/k lanHkZ ¼bZif=dk½

igq¡px s k rks dHkh u jksdrhAß1 ¼vk½ Þvkt thou esa igyh ckj iUuk dks jX?kw ij fo'okl vk;k cksyh& Þtc xguk gh cspuk gS rks viuh eqgj D;ksa cspksx\s esjh glyh ys ysukAß2 ¼b½ Þmlh le; iUuk nkSMh+ &nkSMh+ vkbZ vkSj NksVs ckyd dks xksn esa mBkdj I;kj djrh gqbZ cksyh&ÞyM+dksa dks eq>s D;ksa u ns vkbZ cgw\ gk;! gk;! vHkh cspkjk /kjrh ij iM+k yksV jgk FkkA tc eSa ej tkÅ¡] rks tks th pkgs djuk] vHkh rks thrh gw¡A vyx gks tkus ls cPps rks ugha vyx gks x,Aß3 ¼bZ½ Þeerk ds eu us dgk&;gk¡ dkSu nqxZ gS! ;gh >ksiM+h u tks pkgs ys ys] eq>s rks viuk drZO; djuk iM+x s kA og ckgj pyh vkbZ vkSj eqxy ls cksyh] ^tkvks Hkhrj Fkds gq, Hk;Hkhr ifFkd! rqe pkgs dksbZ gks] eSa rqEgsa vkJ; nsrh gw¡Aß4 m)j.k ^v* % d#.kk vius csVs çdk'k dh [kqf'k;ksa dks /;ku esa j[krs gq, u pkgdj Hkh mls baXySM a tkus dh vuqefr çnku djrh gSA d#.kk dk vius csVs dks baXySM a tkus dh vuqefr nsuk mlds cM+Iiu dks n'kkZrk gSA ¼vxj eSa tkurh fd rqEgsa bruk vk?kkr igq¡px s k rks dHkh u jksdrh½A m)j.k ^vk* % ^vyX;ks>k* ls fy, x, m)j.k esa jX?kw dh lkSry s h ek¡ iUuk dk cM+Iiu mlds laokn ls çfrfcafcr gSA og vR;ar vkReh;rk vkSj vf/kdkj ls mls eksgj cspus ds fy, euk djrh gS vkSj viuh glyh cspus dk çLrko j[krh gSA mldk ;g Hkkf"kd vkpj.k vk;qtfur vkSnk;Z dk |ksrd gSA m)j.k ^b* esa iUuk ds bl dFku ls fd Þvyx gks tkus ls cPps rks ugha vyx gks x,ß ls iUuk dk vk;qtfur cM+Iiu çdV gksrk gSA m)j.k ^bZ* % eerk dk ifFkd lezkV dks viuh >ksiM+h esa vkJ; nsukA eerk dk ;g cM+Iiu mlds LokfHkekuiw.kZ bl laokn fd ^tkvks Hkhrj Fkds gq, Hk;Hkhr ifFkd! rqe pkgs dksbZ gks eSa rqEgsa vkJ; nsrh gw¡^ esa fufgr gSA o`)ksa ds vk;qtfur cM+Iiu dh Hkk"kk dks Hkh"e lkguh dh dgkuh ^phQ dh nkor* vkSj ;'kiky dh ^dkSu tkus* esa ns[kk tk ldrk gS& v½ Þek¡ rqe eq>s /kks[kk nsds ;w¡ pyh tkvksxhA esjk curk dke fcxkM+kx s h\ tkurh ugha lkgc [kq'k gksxk] rks eq>s rjDdh feysxhAß ek¡ pqi gks xbZA fQj csVs ds eq¡g dh vksj ns[krh gqbZ cksyh&^^D;k rsjh rjDdh gksxh\ D;k lkgc rsjh rjDdh dj nsxk\ D;k mlus dqN dgk\ ---rsjh rjDdh gksxh csVk\** ÞrjDdh ;w¡ gh gks tk,xh lkgc dks [kq'k j[kw¡xk rks dqN djsxk ---rks eSa cuk nw¡xh] tSls cu iM+x s k cuk nw¡xhAß phQ dh nkor ds bl m)j.k esa csVk&cgw ds nqO;Zogkj ds ckotwn o`)k ek¡ dk vkpj.k okRlY;iw.kZ gh jgrk gSA iq= ds fy, okRlY; vkSj 'kqHksPNk muds bl dFku esa >yd jgh gS fd& ÞeSa cuk nw¡xh csVk] ^tSls cu iM+x s k cuk nw¡xhA* vk½ ÞD;k gS\ ukuh th v[k+ckj gkFk esa fy, c<+ vk, FksA ekeyk mUgksua s lqu fy;k Fkk ijarq ekyh us xqfu;k dh pksjh c[kkudj dgk ÞbZ dk Qwy u ys tk; nsoA ge bZ pksêh dk t:jS iqfyl esa nsoA gqtjw pkSdh esa Qwu dj nsoAß tkus nks pkS/kjh ukuk th cksys cspkjh eqlhcr esa gSA fdlh rjg isV ikyrs gSAa le> yks vc ;s Qwy lkFkZd gks x,Aß6 bl m)j.k esa ekyh pkS/kjh Qwy pqjkrs gq, ,d yM+dh dks idM+ ysrk gS vkSj mls iqfyl ds gokys djus dh ckr dgrk gSA ukukth

vad&1 % tuojh] 2017

ISSN Applied

izos'kkad 6 mlls dgrs gSa fd ml cPph dks tkus nks og cspkjh t:jr dh ekjh dke gS*& ek¡ ds cM+Iiu ds vuq:i gSA gSA le>uk fd mlds ;s Qwy vc lkFkZd gks x,A bl dFku ls o`) m)j.k ^b* esa cw<h+ nknh dk ljnkj ds çfr lacks/ku ^csVk* vkSj mls ukuk dk vk;qtfur cM+Iiu çdV gksrk gSA fgalk ls jksdus ds fy, fd;k x;k ç'u ^bUgsa ekjdj D;k rsjk csVk o`)ksa ds vk;qtfur cM+Iiu dks O;ä djusokyh Hkk"kk lqHkæk dqekjh ykSV vk,xk\* cw<h+ nknh ds cM+Iiu dks O;ä djus okyk Hkk"kk ç;ksx pkSgku] M‚- dey dqekj vkSj f'kokuh dh dgkfu;ks& a ^dSyk'kh ukuh*] gSA ^Nr ij nLrd*] ^vEek* vkSj ^nknh* esa æ"VO; gS& m)j.k ^bZ* esa vius csV& s cgw dh f'kdk;r djus ds LFkku ij muds ¼v½ ÞdSyk'kh ukuh us 'kiFk ysrs gq, os nl #i, dej ls fudkydj mis{kkiw.kZ O;ogkj ij ijnk Mkyus ds fy, ek¡ ds dFku& ^lqcg ek¡ dks fn[kk, vkSj cksyh] fcfV;k >w¡B ugha dgrhA esjs ikl rks nl fudyrk gS--- Fkdk gkjk] ôg dSu lk [kkyh ---lkS dke^&muds iSls Hkh ugha fQj ;s nl dynkj dgk¡ ls vk,\ ;s mlh v/kehZ us ck¡èk vk;qtfur cM+Iiu dks n'kkZrs gSAa lkFk gh nqdkunkj dks ^csVk* vkSj fn, gSAa rqe esjh ckr ekuks! fcfV;k dks ysdj pyh tkvksA ftl xk¡o ^cpqvk* dgdj lacksf/kr djuk Hkh mudh vk;q ds vuq:i gSA dk tehankj bruk v/kehZ gS] ogk¡ fQj uk vkukA fcfV;k dk o`)ksa ds vk;qtfur cM+Iiu dks jke/kkjh flag fnokdj] lquhy dkSf'kd] 'kknh&C;kg djds] llqjky Hkstdj vkukAß7 lR;kjkt vkSj eaty q Hkxr us viuh&viuh dgkfu;ksa esa n'kkZ;k gS& ¼vk½ Þlq/khj vius esa xdZ Fkk] mldk tokc ugha lquk] viuh ckr ¼v½ Þesgeku Bgjs! dqN cksyrs Hkh rks ugha curkA vius ?kj&ifjokj dgh] eSa 'kknh dj jgk gw¡A ds yksx rks ;s gSa ughaA budks lksu& s cSBus dh txg rks feyuh gh og mB cSB xbZA êqckjd*] mlus dgk pkfg,A ge rks ifjokj&?kj ds yksx Bgjs] dgha lks jgsx a As ;s esgeku Þvesfjdu yM+dh gSAß gSa panj dh llqjky ds vkSj lk<w ds ifjokj ds yksx gSAa panj viuk Þcgqr vPNk gSAß NksVk HkkbZ gSAß11 Þog pkgrh gS 'kknh ppZ esa gksß ¼vk½ ÞekbZ dks T;knk f'kdk;r ugha Fkh] ^dgha Hkh jgs csVkA jkth&[kq'kh Þ'kknh rks 'kknh gS dgha Hkh gksAAß jgsA dgha Hkh jgsxk rks esjk csVk dgyk,xkA mldk ?kj&ifjokj dgk Þog jsMØkWl esa dke djrh gSAß tk,xkA gS fd ugha---\ß12 ôkg cgqr cf<+;k gS! ¼b½ Þvius ?kj esa ,slk gh gksrk gS-- vkSj tkurh gks rjkSuh okyh blls ÞrqEgsa dksbZ vkifÙk ugha gS\ß eu esa larks"k feyrk gS fd pyks esgeku yksxksa us rks [kk;kA [kqn Hkw[ks Þugha] vkifÙk D;ksa gksxh\ß jg x, rks D;k---A Þ'kknh esa vkvksxh\ß ekbZ] l¡f>;k vkSj l¡f>;k dh ek¡ us uhps tkdj [kk fy;kAß13 Þcqyk,xk rks D;ksa ugha vkÅ¡xh\ß ¼bZ½ ÞckYVh j[kus dh vkokt ds lkFk yYyk dh ek¡ dk Loj lqukbZ Þrks vxys g¶rs dj yw¡Aß iM+k&ÞD;k ek¡x jgk gS jh cgw\ß Þt:jAß Þek¡ th iSls ek¡x jgk gS] pwju ds fy,A Vkafly rks ns[kks bldsA ^rqEgkjk fVfdV ---\ß blds ikik us euk fd;k gS ,d Hkh iSlk ugha nsuk blsAß Þiaæg fnu ckn dk djok nsAß Þvjh jgus ns Vkaly&QkalyA tkurh gw¡ blds ikik dks HkhA tc Þij ek¡ ge rks guhewu ij pys tk,¡xAs ß bruk gh cM+k Fkk] jkst esjh /kksrh ds iYys ls iSls [kksydj ds tkrk Þpys tkukA eSua s dgk u] eq>s ;gk¡ dke gSAß8 Fkk vkSj [kkrk D;k Fkk ;gh pwjuA cPpk gS [kkus nsA ns ns bls iSlAs ß14 ¼b½ Þuk csVk ukA u tkus dgk¡ ls HkhM+ phjdj cw<h+ nknh us ljnkj ¼m½ ÞtSlh rqEgkjh ethZ dqra hA esjs ftLe esa tc rd dqN dj dekus dh Øks/k ls FkjFkjkrh ck¡gksa dks Fkke fy;k] ^bUgsa ekjdj D;k rsjk csVk dh 'kfä gS eSa ijkèkhu cudj vt; ds ?kj esa ugha tk iMw¡xkA gk¡] ykSV vk,xk\ß9 ftl fnu mez ds bl vk;ke ij igq¡p tkÅ¡xk rc ds fy, eq>s bZ½ ÞvEek vkius D;ksa rdyhQ yhA jes'k dks Hkst nsrhaAß Þjes'k ds vt; ij iwjk fo'okl gS fd og vius nkf;Roksa ls ugha eqdjsxkA ikl oä gh dgk¡ gS csVkA lqcg fudyrk gS n¶rj ds fy, rks 'kke ysfdu vHkh vt; dks tcjnLrh Jo.k dqekj cuus dks foo'k dj <ys ?kj vkrk gS Fkdk&gkjkA ml le; eSa viuk jksuk jksÅ¡ vPNk nsuk esjs var%fu.kZ; ds fo#) gSAß15 ugha yxrkAß ¼Å½ Þnknh th vki firk th dks cM+s HkS;k D;ksa dgrh gks\ oks rks Þ,slh D;k ckr gS vEekA Hkkjrh dks gh dg nsrhaA b/kj ls gh rks vkids csVs gSAa ß tkrh gS xkM+h jksddj ,sud idM+k tkrhAß Þyks lquks yM+dh dh ckrA vjs] oks rks bÙks cM+s gks x,] ,sls cM+s vksgns nqdkunkj us viuk NwVk dke gkFk esa ys fy;k Fkk ij laokn tkjh is igq¡p x,A Hkyk] vc eSa mUgsa csVk&csVk dgrh vPNh yxw¡xhA j[kk FkkAÞ vjs cpqvk og dkSu lk [kkyh Bkyh cSBh gSA ?kj vkSj mudh ukSdjh yxs ihNs rks [kqn ykyth us Hkh mUgsa vk/ks uke ls ugha ckgj ds lkS dke gSAß10 iqdkjkA ges'kk iwjk uke fy;k] tqxeanj ijlknA fQj Hkyk eSa gh D;k mi;qä Z m)j.k ^v* esa o`)ksa ds vk;qtfur cM+Iiu dks ns[kk tk tqXxh& tqXxh iqdkjrhAß16 ldrk gSA ukuh dk 'kiFk ysuk] uSjVs j dh ek¡ dks ^fcfV;k* dgdj mi;qä Z lHkh m)j.kksa esa o`)ksa ds vk;qtfur cM+Iiu dks çdV djus iqdkjuk] ^rqe* dgdj lacksf/kr djuk] csVh dks ysdj pys tkus vkSj okyh Hkk"kk dk O;ogkj fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA ogk¡ fQj u vkus dk ijke'kZ nsuk muds vk;qtfur cM+Iiu ds m)j.k ^v* % tc lq[knso vius ifjokj ds lkFk NksVs HkkbZ ds ?kj vuq:i Hkkf"kd O;ogkj gSA 'kgj vkrs gSa mldh csVh ds fookg esa lfEefyr gksus ds fy, ;gk¡ m)j.k ^vk* esa iq= ds çse fookg ij dksbZ vkifÙk u djrs gq, vkdj mUgsa xSjksa ds leku le>k tkrk gSA ;gk¡ rd fd mUgsa jkr esa lgerh nsuos kys okD; rFkk iq= ds guhewu ij tkus dh ckr dgus lksus ds fy, txg ns nh tkrh gSA dsoy lq[knso dk ifjokj vkSj ij lgtHkko ls ;g dguk fd ^pys tkukA eSua s dgk u] eq>s ;gk¡ mudh ek¡ dks ml ?kj esa lksus ds fy, txg ulhc ugha gksrhA bl ifjys[k 'kks/k lanHkZ ¼bZif=dk½

vad&1 % tuojh] 2017

ISSN Applied

izos'kkad 7 ij ek¡ dk ;g dguk fd ge rks ?kj ds yksx gS]a esgekuksa dks mudk xyk Hkj vk;k] ÞeSua s bls iguk ugha] bls lgstdj j[krh vkbZ lksu& s cSBus dh txg rks igys feyuh pkfg,A muds cM+Iiu dks gw¡A muds oa'k dh fu'kkuh gSAß mUgksua s vk¡lw iksN a dj dgk] Þiqjkus fn[krk gSA yksx vkxk&ihNk lc lksp ysrs Fks] csVkAß20 blh çdkj m)j.k ^vk* esa lq[knso dk NksVk HkkbZ ljdkjh ukSdjh esa ;gk¡ mi;qä Z lHkh m)j.kksa esa o`)ksa dk vk;qtfur cM+Iiu ns[kk tk Å¡ps vksgns ij dk;Z dj jgk gS rc ls muls u rks viuh ek¡ dh ldrk gSA m)j.k ^v* vkSj ^vk* esa bZ'kjnkl dk viuh iRuh dks csVs [kcj&lq/k yh vkSj u gh HkkbZ&HkkStkbZ dh jkth [kq'kh iwNhA bl ij ds ?kj tkdj chekj cgw dh ns[kHkky djus ds fy, dguk vkSj Lo;a o`)k ek¡ dk ;g dguk fd og dgha Hkh jgs lnk lq[kh jgs] mlds chekj cgw dks ns[kus ds fy, ;g lkspdj tkuk fd cgw vkSj csVh cM+Iiu dks fn[kkrk gSA nksuksa leku gksrh gS& a ;fn vkt esjh csVh chekj gksrh rks og mls m)j.k ^bZ* esa ?kj&ifjokj ds yksxksa dks 'kknh esa Hkkstu djok fn;k ns[kus t:j tkrkA blhfy, cgw Hkh rks csVh ds leku gSA vkSj fQj tkrk gS dsoy cprh gS lq[knso fd iRuh vkSj ek¡A lcls var esa os blh cgkus og viuh iRuh ls Hkh fey vk,xkA bl çdkj bu Lo;a gh Hkkstu djus ds fy, pyh tkrh gSAa ;gk¡ o`)k ekbZ ¼ek¡½ dk m)j.kksa esa bZ'kjnkl dk vk;qtfur cM+Iiu ns[kk tk ldrk gSA ;g dFku fd ^vius ?kj esa ,sls gh gksrk gS esgekuksa dks igys Hkkstu m)j.k ^b* vkSj ^bZ* esa o`)k nknh ek¡ dk vk;qtfur cM+Iiu ns[kk tk djk nsus ls vius eu dks larks"k feyrk gS Hkys gh ?kj fd yksx Hkw[ks ldrk gS fd fdl çdkj mUgksua s t:jrean jkeh dh pkph dk iqjkuk jgs*a muds vk;qtfur cM+Iiu dk |ksrd gSA dtZ ekQ dj fn;k vkSj mldh csVh dh 'kknh ds fy, nl #i, Hkh m)j.k ^m* esa fd'kuyky dk vk;qtfur cM+Iiu fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA fn,A lkFk gh lkFk ;g dgdj dh mldh csVh Hkh rks mudh csVh fd'kuyky vius gkFk&iSjksa ds pyrh vius csVs ij cks> cudj ugha ds leku gSA ogha tc ?kj esa muds csVs dks iSlksa dh l[r t:jr thuk pkgrsA mUgsa irk gS fd vHkh os dek ldrs gSAa blhfy, vHkh iM+rh gS rks os fcuk fdlh f>>d ds viuk [kkunkuh daxu ykdj ls os vius csVs vt; ij cks> cudj thuk ugha pkgrsA vr% os csVs dks nsrs gq, mls le>krh gS fd muds gksrs gq, mls fpark djus dgrs gS]a vHkh vt; dks tcjnLrh Jo.k dqekj cuus dks foo'k dj dh t:jr ugha vHkh og ftank gSA muds gksrs gq, muds cPpksa ij nsuk] esjs vUr%fu.kZ; ds fo#) gSA fdlh çdkj dk ladV ugha vk ldrkA bl leLr Hkkf"kd vkpj.k m)j.k ^Å* % ljhuk viuh nknh ls mlds firk ds fo"k; esa iwNrh esa nknh dh vk;q ls tqMh+ mnkjrk çfrfcafcr gqbZ gSA gS fd nknh vki firk th dks cM+s HkS;k dgdj D;ksa cqykrh gksA nknh o`)ksa ds vk;qtfur cM+Iiu dks fxfjjkt fd'kksj us viuh dgkuh mls le>krh gS fd vc mlds firk th NksVs cPps rks gSa ughaA vc ^Qkby nkf[ky n¶rj* esa n'kkZ;k gS& Þfnykoj dk ,d gh csVk Fkk os cM+s gks pqds gSa vkSj mUgsa NksVs cPpksa ds leku iqdkjrh vPNh ugha tfru] dksbZ lky Hkj igys ;k gks ldrk gS mlls de le; gqvkyxrh blhfy, os mUgsa cM+s HkS;k dgdj cqykrh gSA ;gk¡ o`)k nknh --mlus vius eu ilan yM+dh ls 'kknh dh FkhA fnykoj ls iwNk rks ds dFku esa vk;qtfur cM+Iiu fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA og cksyk] ^vks, iqÙkj 'kknh rSuq djuh] gels D;k iqPNslhA* ek¡ us o`)ksa ds vk;qtfur cM+Iiu dks ujsæa dksgyh] çfrek oekZ vkSj fojks/k Hkh djuk pkgk FkkA fnykoj us MiV fn;k Fkk] rsjk gekjk f'koçlkn flag us viuh dgkfu;ksa ^'kVy*] ^frudksa dk ?kkslyk*] tekuk ugha jgk---ftlds lkFk Mksj ck¡/k nh xbZA ftanxh Vsj gks xbZA ^nknh ek¡* esa n'kkZ;k gS& dkQh u;k tekuk gSA ftls ftlds lkFk jguk vki r; djksAß21 ¼v½ Þij dHkh&dHkh] tc nksuksa cM+s csVksa esa ls dksbZ vk tkrk] fd mi;qä Z m)j.k esa o`) fnykoj dk vk;qtfur cM+Iiu mldh Hkk"kk mldh iRuh fcLrj ij iM+h gqbZ gS vkSj mlds ?kj esa pwYgk Hkh ugha esa /ofur gS&csVs dks çse fookg dh vuqefr nsu]s iRuh dks blds fy, tyk] rc Hkkxoarh dks tkuk gh iM+rk FkkA ,sls esa bZ'kjnkl Hkh vius le>kus vkSj csVs dks çseiwod Z lacksfèkr djus esa fnykoj dk cM+Iiu Hkhrj cSBs firk dks jksd ugha ikrk Fkk] vkSj og Lo;a gh Hkkxoarh dks ns[kk tk ldrk gSA dgrk] Þrqe pyh D;ksa ugha tkrha\ vkf[kj ge fdl fnu ds fy, gS\a mi;qä Z laoknksa ds Hkkf"kd vuq'khyu ls ;g çdV gksrk gS fd çsepan] dSlh ek¡ gS rw csVksa ds nq%[k esa Hkh gkFk ugha cVkuk pkgrh\ß17 t;'kadj çlkn] Hkh"e lkguh] ;'kiky] lqHkæk dqekjh pkSgku] e`ny q k ¼vk½ Þrks D;ksa u og FkksMh+ nsj ds fy, cM+s csVs ds ikl pyk tk,A xxZ] f'kokuh] M‚- dey dqekj] jkeèkkjh flag fnokdj] lquhy dkSf'kd] cM+h cgw chekj gS rks vkf[kj llqj ds ukrs mldk Hkh rks drZO; gS lR;jkt] eaty q Hkxr] ujsæa dksgyh] f'koçlkn flag vkSj fxfjjkt fd mldk gky&pky iwNus tk,A tc mldh csVh dh rch;r Bhd fd'kksj us viuh dgkfu;ksa ds o`) ik=ksa ds laoknksa dk ikB fuekZ.k ugha gksrh rks D;k og mls ns[kus ugha tkrk\ vkf[kj cgw vkSj csVh djrs gq, ;g /;ku esa j[kk gS fd mudk Hkkf"kd O;ogkj vk;q ls tqMs+ esa varj gh D;k gS\ fQj ogk¡ Hkkxoarh gSA dqN nsj mlds ikl Hkh cSB muds cM+Iiu dks çfrfcafcr dj ldsA okrkZyki dh fofo/k ifjfLFkfr;k¡ vk,xkA tkus mldh rfc;r dSlh gksxh\ß18 ¼b½ Þ,d fnu jkLrs esa jkeh pkph feyhA og nknh dks ^iwrks&Qyks ¼d½ okrkZ vkjaHk nwèkks ugkvks* dk vk'khokZn ns jgh FkhA eSua s iwNk] ÞD;k ckr gS] /kUuks okrkZyki ds nkSjku o`) L=h&iq#"k viuh Hkk"kk esa f>>d dks n'kkZrs pkph]ß rks mlus foOgy gksdj dgk] Þmfju gks xbZ csVk] Hkxoku Hkyk gSAa ;g mudh lkekftd fLFkfr ls lacfa /kr gSA lekt mUgsa xkS.k djs gekjh ekyfdu dkA dy gh vkbZ FkhaA ihNs dk lHkh #i;k NksM+ ekufldrk ls ;qä jgus dk çf'k{k.k nsrk gSA ;gh dkj.k gS fd o`) fn;k] mij ls nl #i, dk uksV nsdj cksyh] ^ns[kuk èkUuks] tSlh rsjh ifjokj ;k lekt esa fdlh ckr dks çR;{k ;k Li"Vr% –<+rk ds lkFk csVh oSlh esjh] nl&ik¡p ds fy, g¡lkbZ u gksA nsork gS csVk ugha dg ikrsA vDlj mUgsa bl ckr dk Hk; jgrk gS fd dgha fdlh nsorkAß19 ckr ds dkj.k cgw&csVk mUgsa [kjh&[kksVh u lqukus yxsAa o`) fdlh ¼bZ½ Þjksrk D;ksa gS js! Þnknh ek¡ us mudk ekFkk lgykrs gq, dgk] ÞeSa Hkh ckr dks 'kq: djus ls iwoZ ,d nks ckj lksprk gS fd og ml ckr rks vHkh gw¡ ghAß mUgksua s land w [kksydj ,d pedrh&lh pht dks dgs ;k u dgsA fouezrk] ldqpkgV o lq>kokRed Hkk"kk dh vkM+ fudkyh] Þrsjs nknk us ;g daxu eq>s blh fnu ds fy, iguk;k FkkAß esa os viuh ckr çkjaHk djrs gSAa foosP; dgkfu;ksa esa fofHkUu ys[kdksa ifjys[k 'kks/k lanHkZ ¼bZif=dk½

vad&1 % tuojh] 2017

ISSN Applied

izos'kkad 8 us viuh dgkfu;ksa esa o`)ksa ds okrkZ vkjaHk dks n'kkZ;k gSA ds ygts es& a HkS;k! ge vc vk gh x, gSa rks cacbZ gh #d tkrs gS]a okrkZ vkjaHk dks çsepan vkSj m"kk fç;aonk us viuh dgkfu;ksa ^vyX;ks>k* tc gqob;k gksxk rks >V ls igq¡p rks ldrs gS-a -- ;g ?kj gks ;k og vkSj ôkilh* esa bl çdkj n'kkZ;k gS& ?kjAß26 ¼v½ Þmlh fnu mlus eqfy;k ls dgk&ÞD;k d:¡ cgw eu dh ykylk mi;qä Z m)j.kksa esa o`) ik= fdlh&u&fdlh :i esa vius cPpksa ij eu esa gh jgrh gSA dsnkj dk ?kj Hkh cl tkrk] rks eSa fuf'pr gks fuHkZj gSa ;k rks vkfFkZd :i ls ;k fdlh vU; :i esAa os vius cPpksa tkrhAß22 ij gh vkfJr gSAa blhfy, chuw dh ek¡] chuw ls ckr djus dk ekSdk ¼vk½ ÞrqEgsa fdl ckr dh deh gS vej dh ek¡& ?kj esa cgw gS] cPps ryk'krh gS vkSj ,dkar ikdj ik¡p gtkj #i;ksa dh ek¡x djrh gSA gSAa flQZ #i, ls gh vkneh vehj ugha gksrkAß xtk/kj ckcw us dgk mlh çdkj m)j.k ^vk* vkSj ^b* esa o`) nknh vkfFkZd :i ls vius vkSj dgus ds lkFk gh vuqHko fd;kA ;g mudh vkarfjd vfHkO;fä csVksa vkSj csVs ds csVs ij fuHkZj gSA blhfy, o`)k nknh viuh ckr dks Fkh& ,slh fd mudh iRuh ugha le> ldrhAß23 iksrs ls Li"V :i ls u dgdj b/kj&mèkj dh ckrsa djds crkrh gSA mi;qä Z nksuksa m)j.kksa esa o`)ksa ds okrkZ vkjaHk dks ns[kk tk ldrk gSA mUgsa irk gS fd vxj mu yksxksa dks mudh dgh ckr ilan ugha vkbZ m)j.k ^v* esa eqfy;k viuh cgw ls viuh fo'ks"k fpark dsnkj ds rks os yksx mUgsa okil ?kj Hkst nsx a As blhfy, o`)k nknh xaHkhj ckr fo"k; esa ckr djrh gSA vly esa mldk edln gS fd fo/kok gks dks Hkh gYds etkfd;k <ax ls dgrh gSA ¼eq>s Hkh pyuk gS D;k] eq>s pqdh cgw dk fookg vius NksVs csVs dsnkj ls gks tk,A eqfy;k dk rks xksn Mkyuk ugha gSA og rks l/kok,¡ Mkyrh gS]a vkSj HkS;k! ge vc vius csVs dsnkj dks dsæa esa j[kdj cgw ls okrkZ vkjaHk djuk fn[kkbZ vk gh x, gSa rks cacbZ gh #d tkrs gS]a tc gqob;k gksxk rks >V ls nsrk gSA igq¡p rks ldrs gS-a -- ;g ?kj gks ;k og ?kj½A blh çdkj ^vk* esa xtk/kj ckcw dk vius ?kj dh ifjfLFk;ksa dks o`)ksa dh okrkZ vkjaHk dh fLFkfr;ksa dks n;kuan vuar vkSj jkedqekj ns[kdj viuh iRuh ls ckr djuk] mls le>kuk fd mls vc thou Hkzej us viuh dgkfu;ksa ^lhesaV esa mxh ?kkl* vkSj êksgrkt* esa esa fdl ckr dh deh gS] lc dqN rks bZ'oj us mls ns fn;k gSA iSlk n'kkZ;k gS& gh flQZ thou ugha gksrk gS& æ"VO; gSA ¼v½ ÞxqM ekfuax Z lj! v[k+ckj i<+ jgs gS\a dksbZ rdyhQ rks ugha gqbZ çk;% ns[kk tkrk gS fd ifjokj esa vc cM+s gks pqds cPpksa ls ckr djus jkr es\a vkSj og tkyh ds ckgj ls gh dejs dk eqvk;uk djus yxs] ds fy, Hkh o`)ksa dks mfpr voljksa dh çrh{kk djuh iM+rh gS rFkk ^vjs vki jkr dks tehu ij lks,\ bV bl oSjh cSMA vkius gesa D;ksa ,slk volj feyus ij vkns'k dh vis{kk vuqu; ds Loj esa gh os okrkZ ugha crk;k\ , eSu 'kqM---'kqM ch ;wtQqy Vw , eSuA , ÝSM a bu uhM+ vkjaHk djrs gSAa bl rF; dh iqf"V ds fy, jkth lsB vkSj xksfoan bl ---A D;k cguth vkSj cPps Hkh tehu ij lks,---\* feJ dh dgkuh ^mruh nwj* vkSj ^lk/ks*a ds fuEufyf[kr va'k æ"VO; gk¡ ikaMs th lc yksx tehu gh ij lks,Aß27 gS& a ¼vk½ Þuhjt ugha vk;k vc rd\ß I;kyk [kRe djrs gh jk/kk us ¼v½ ÞekSdk <w¡<+ jgh Fkh] ekSdk fey x;kA og gtker cukrs chuw ds loky dj fn;kA mruh gh Rofjrrk ls 'kkjnk dk mÙkj vk;k] ikl Vgy vkbZ FkhA gtker chuw xqly[kkus esa ugha [kqys esa j[kh ÞfnYyh esa v‚fQl tkrs vkSj ykSVrs gh rhu ?kaVs chr tkrs gSa ek¡ thA [kkV ij cSBdj cukrk gS vius firk dh rjgA <Ddu esa 'kh'kk yxh lqcg vkB cts x,] jkr vkB cts ykSVAas ;gh ;gk¡ dh ftanxh gSAß28 mlh iqjkuh land w ph dk iYyk [kksydjA m)j.k ^v* esa ikaMs th tks vius ?kj ds Lo;a drkZ&/krkZ gSAa muds Hkwfedk t:jh ugha le>h lks çLrqr ugha dh&êq>s #i, pkfg, chuw- ?kj esa 'kekZ th fdjk, ij jgus ds fy, vkrs gSa rks nwljs fnu lqcg --de ls de ik¡p gtkjA* gh og ?kj dh fLFkfr dk eqvk;uk djus ds fy, igq¡p tkrs gSAa ^#i,\---ik¡p gtkj\* pkSd a uk t:jh Fkk---chuw dkA brus lkyksa esa ,d mudk Hkk"kk O;ogkj edku ekfyd ds egRo ds vuq:i gSA os okrkZ iksVyh tSlh ek¡ dh bruh yach tqcku fudy vkbZ gSA &D;k djus vkjaHk djrs gq, vkRefo'okliwod Z vfHkoknu djrs gSa vkSj gkypky gS\a iwNrs gSAa ^dqN Hkh djus gksAa * blh çdkj m)j.k ^vk* esa o`)k jk/kk vius csVs ds nsj ls ykSVus dks ûgha crk;k rks ugha feysx a As * fpafrr gS ysfdu cgw ls bl lac/a k esa lh/ks&lh/ks iwNus esa ladksp ^crk;k rks fey tk,¡x\s * djrh gSA blhfy, pk; [kRe gksus rd çrh{kk djrh gS vkSj rc ^'kk;n--* chuw us gtker tkjh j[khA ckrphr vkjaHk djus ds fy, laf{kIr lk ç'u iwNrh gSA bl ç'u esa ^j{kk dks'k esa Hkstus gSAa ß24 dksbZ ç'uokpd 'kCn lfEefyr ugha gS cfYd fu”ks/kkRed okD; ¼vk½ ÞxksnHkjkbZ l/kok,¡ fd;k djrh gS]a os rks fo/kok FkhaA os la'k; jpuk ls gh dke fy;k x;k gSA ¼uhjt ugha vk;k vc rd½A cgqr nsj rd u >sy ldha rks mUgksua s fgpdrs gq, /khesa ls vius o`)ksa ds okrkZyki vkjaHk dks jes'k mik/;k; us viuh dgkuh ^'kkieqfä* yM+dk&cgw ls iwNk&êq>s Hkh pyuk gS D;k\* esa n'kkZ;k gS& ^D;ksa vki D;ksa ugha tk,¡xh\* Þvjs ge Hkh bykgkckn ds gh gSßa & nknh eq> ls igys gh cksy mBhaA ûgha] ,slk Fkk fd eq>s rks xksn Mkyuk ughaA og rks l/kok,¡ gh ÞvPNk\ cM+h [kq'kh gqb& Z ÞM‚DVj çHkkr us lpeqp [kq'k gksdj iwNk Mkyrh gSAa * Þbykgkckn esa dgk¡ jgrs gSa vki yksx\ß29 ^;s VksVds ;gk¡ ugha pyrs( muds yM+ds us dgk& pfy,] xksn nwljh mi;qä Z m)j.k esa o`)k nknh ;g lqudj fd ftl M‚DVj ls og vkSjrsa Mky ysx a h] vkidk vk'khokZn rks pkfg,] cM+s cw<k+ as dk vk'khokZn viuh vk¡[kksa dk bykt djokus vkbZ gS og Hkh bykgkckn dk gh gS] feyrk dgk¡ gSAß25 os Lo;a gh viuk okrkZyki vkjaHk dj nsrh gSA ¼b½ Þ?kj ykSVdj 'kke dks tc lc cSBs Fks rks mUgksua s vius iksrs ls ;gk¡ foosfpr m)j.k esa ls vf/kdrj esa ls o`) ik= fdlh&u&fdlh ckr NsMh+ ] viuh rjQ ls ckr dks [kwc gYdk cukrs gq, g¡lh&etkd :i esa vius cPpksa ij fuHkZj gSAa vkfFkZd :i ls ;k vU; :i ls cPpksa ifjys[k 'kks/k lanHkZ ¼bZif=dk½

vad&1 % tuojh] 2017

ISSN Applied

izos'kkad 9 ij vkfJr gSAa mudh viuh ethZ dh vc dksbZ vgfe;r ugha jg ds ek/;e ls Hkh O;ä djrs fn[kkbZ nsrs gSAa foosP; dgkfu;ksa esa o`)ksa xbZA blhfy, okrkZyki ds nkSjku lacksf/kr O;fä pkgs csVk gks ;k cgw ds lkekftd lanHkZ esa ç'u vkSj vkns'k dh Hkk"kk dk ç;ksx ns[kk tk ;k ifjokj dk vkSj dksbZ lnL;] os Li"Vksfä dk ç;ksx ugha djrsA ldrk gSA tSl& s os Li"V dFku ls blfy, cprs gSa fd dgha cPps mudh dgh ckrksa ¼v½ ÞHkqxuh& D;ksa NksM+ dj fudy tkÅ¡\ ckjg o"kZ [ksr tksrus ls ls ukjkt u gks tk,¡A vklkeh dk'rdkj gks tkrk gSA eSa rks bl >ksiM+h esa o`)k gks xbZA esjs ¼[k½ okrkZ ifjorZu lkl&llqj vkSj muds cki nkns blh >ksiM+h esa jgs gSAa vc bls euq"; dk LoHkko gS fd og ftu phtksa ;k ckrksa dks ilan ugha djrk ;ejkt dks NksMd + j vkSj dksbZ eq> ls ugha ys ldrkAß32 mUgsa og Vkyuk pkgrk gSA muls cpuk pkgrk gSA o`) tc fdlh ¼vk½ ÞcPps dk Loj muds fQtwy ls ç'u ls [kh>k&cksfyax dj jgk ckr dks cnyrs gSa rks blls çdkjkarj ls mudh lkekftd fLFkfr;ksa FkkA*&vPNkA---rks ckgj vkdj [kqn D;ksa ugha <w¡<+ ysrs viuh xsna \* rFkk ekufldrk dk [kqyklk gksrk gSA vDlj ns[kk tkrk gS fd o`) cPps dk vk'k; Hkkai os eqLdqjk,A viuh ckrksa dks euokus ds fy, mu ckrksa ij fo'ks"k cy nsrs gSAa tc xsV esa rkyk yxk gSA rkyk [kqyok yks eEeh lsA* mUgsa yxrk gS fd mudh ckrksa dk leFkZu ugha fd;k tk jgk rc os êEeh uflax Z gkse xbZ gSA* ml ckr dks cny nsrs gSAa mnkgj.kkFkZ& ûkSdjkuh rks gksxh ?kj es\a ß33 ¼v½ Þcqf<+;k fQj lks xbZA Hkxr us fQj fdokM+ [kksy]s brus /khjs ls ¼b½ ÞvHkh vkSipkfjd ckrsa gks gh jgh Fkha fd nknk dh utj vpkud fd cqf<+;k dks [kcj Hkh u gqbAZ ckgj fudy vk;kA mlh oä xk¡o fçafliy ds dejs esa j[ks ikS/kksa ds xeyksa ij iM+hA lcdh dej ,sBa h dk pkSdhnkj x'r yxk jgk Fkk cksyk ---dSls mBs Hkxr\ vkt rks gqbZ lh ekywe gksrh Fkh ftlds dkj.k ,d Hkh ikS/kk viuh Å¡pkbZ ij cM+h lnhZ gSA dgha tk jgs gks D;k\ [kM+k ugha gks ik jgk FkkA ÞHkxr us dgk---ugha th] tkÅ¡xk dgk¡A nknk th ls jgk ugha x;k vkSj iwN cSBs ,DlD;wt eh eSMe D;k eSa ns[krk Fkk] vHkh fdruh jkr gSA Hkyk dS cts gksx a \s ß30 iwN ldrk gw¡ fd ;g dkSu lk ikS/kk gS\ bl m)j.k esa jkr esa pkSdhnkj }kjk Hkxr ls ;g iwNus ij fd dSls îhiy dk\* ^vkSj og\* mBs Hkxr\ vkt rks cM+h lnhZ gS ds tokc esa og dgrk gS fd og ôg uhe dk gSA* dgha ugha tk jgk( fQj ckr cnydj dgrk gS fd og rks ns[k jgk ^;g foyk;r okys Hkh vktdy u tkus dSl& s dSls uhe cuk ysrs gSAa gS fd vHkh fdruh jkr vkSj ckdh gSA Hkxr dk ckr cnyus dk ojuk gekjs ;gk¡ rks uhe dh Nk¡o dk gh dksbZ eqdkcyk ughaAß34 dkj.k ;g gS fd og M‚DVj c=k ds csVs dks ns[kus tkuk pkgrk gS ¼bZ½ Þviuk dLck gksrk rks fdl gqykl ds lkFk lc dqN djrha --ftls jkr esa ,d tgjhys lk¡i us dkV fy;k gSA ijarq og ugha pkgrk ij pyks os gSa rks ekStnw ] ;gh D;k de gSA igq¡pdj urcgw tgk¡ cSBus fd dksbZ ;g tkus fd og bruh jkr dgk¡ x;k FkkA tk jgh Fkh] mlds cxy esa dqlhZ esa cSB xbZ vkSj pkSd iwjus ls 'kq: ¼vk½ ÞD;k ckrsa gksrh jgrh gSa rqe nksuksa dhA* iRuh us 'kadk Hkjh djds ---lc dqN crkus yxh& vc ,slk djks] vc oSlkA cgw ,slh fuxkgsa pkjksa rjQ nkSMk+ bZA oSlh dksbZ Hkh lkM+h ugha uSgj dh lkM+h] uSgj ds tsoj igudj îqjkuh laxh&lkfFk;ksa ls tqMs+ fdLls dgdj eu cgyk jgs FksA* cSBx s hA mudh vkokt esa iqjkuk vkRefo'okl vk x;k FkkAß35 ^gk¡ vc rks rqEgsa vius gh yksx ;kn vk,¡xAs ge rks lnk ls gh ijk, ¼m½ ÞD;k tkus M‚DVj yksxA vjs] ;g rqe FkksMs+ gh [kk jgh gks] rqEgkjs jgsA vius [kkunku okyksa dh ckrsa djksxs rks Nqidj gh djksxAs ß31 Hkhrj cSBk tho---bZ'oj dk va'k ek¡x jgk gS] [kk jgk gS---mldh bPNk bl m)j.k esa o`) vius csVs ls viuh vafre bPNk dks crkrk gS fd ekj ldrh gks D;k rqe\ mldh gj bPNk iwjh gksuh pkfg,Aß36 og ,d ckj viuh çsfedk ls feyuk pkgrk gSA cki&csVs dh xqIr mi;qä Z lHkh m)j.kksa esa o`) ik= fdlh u fdlh çdkj dh ifjfLFkfr;ksa okrkZ dks ns[kdj mldh iRuh dejs esa vkdj iwNrh gS& rqe yksxksa esa ç'u vkSj vkns'k nsrs gq, ns[ks tk ldrs gSAa m)j.k ^v* esa Bkdqj dh D;k xqIr ckrsa gksrh jgrh gSAa bl ckr dks cnydj dgrk gS fd }kjk Hkqxuh dks xk¡o NksMd + j tkus ds vkns'k ds ckotwn Hkqxuh viuk og rks dqN iqjkuh ckrs]a iqjkus laxh lkfFk;ksa ls tqMs+ fdLlksa dks VwVk gqvk HkkM+ cukus yxrh gSA Hkqxuh }kjk okil HkkM+ cukus ij dgdj eu cgyk jgs gS]a D;ksfa d og viuh çsfedk ds lac/a k esa viuh Bkdqj ls mldk okn&fookn gksrk gS( Hkqxuh Bkdqj ls >ksiM+h NksMu+ s iRuh ds le{k ppkZ ugha djuk pkgrkA ds fo"k; esa Bkdqj ls ç'u iwNrh gS fd eSa xk¡o NksMd + j D;ksa fudy mi;qä Z nksuksa m)j.kksa ls irk pyrk gS fd o`) vius vfgr dh tkÅ¡ tcfd blh xk¡o esa eSa cpiu ls cw<h+ gks xbZA mlds ç'u ds fdlh Hkh çdkj dh ppkZ ls cpuk pkgrs gSAa o`)ksa ds blh cpko ls lkFk vius vf/kdkj dks O;ä djusokyk rdZ Hkh tqMk+ gqvk gSA os iyk;uoknh ls utj vkrs gS]a rFkk muds le>kSrkoknh gksus ds blh çdkj m)j.k ^vk* % cPps vkSj lpnsok ds chp gqbZ okrkZ esa çek.k çkIr gksrs gSAa blls Li"V gS fd okrkZyki dh fofo/k ;qfä;k¡ lpnsok dk cPps ls ç'u djuk vkSj mls vkns'k nsuk fn[kkbZ nsrk o`)ksa dh lkekftd fLFkfr;ks]a vk;q] ifjos'k] laL—fr vkfn dbZ ç'uksa gSA ls tqMd + j lkeus vkrh gSAa o`)ksa dh okrkZ dsoy muds fy, gh m)j.k ^b* % tc o`)k nknk vius iksrs dks Ldwy esa ,Meh'ku ds fy, ifjofrZr ugha gksrhA og dHkh&dHkh okrkZ ifjorZu dk lanHkZ cPpksa ysdj tkrs gSa ogk¡ fçafliy ds dejs ds ikl xeyksa esa yxs isMk+ as ds ds fgr esa Hkh djrs gSAa o`)koLFkk esa vius vki dh vkSj ikfjokfjd lanHkZ esa mudh tk¡p iM+rky djuk muds ç'u lwpd lanHkZ dks lq[k&'kkafr ds fy, o`) bl çdkj dh cglksa esa ugha iM+rs ftuds çLrqr djrk gSA dkj.k mUgsa ;k ifjokj ds yksxksa dks ijs'kkuh mBkuh iM+As m)j.k ^bZ* % o`)k nknh tks vius iksrs ds ?kj vkbZ gSA urcgw xHkZorh ¼x½ ç'u] vkns'k vkSj fouezrk gSA ;gk¡ vkt mldh xksn HkjkbZ dh jLe gksuh gSA o`)k nknh ;gh o`)koLFkk esa o`)ksa ds okrkZyki ds nkSjku tgk¡ ,d rjQ f>>d lksprh gS fd vxj ;g dk;ZØe muds dlcs esa gksrk rks os cM+h fn[kkbZ nsrh gS ogha nwljh rjQ o`) viuh ckr dks ç'u vkSj vkns'k èkwe&/kke ls eukrh ij fQj Hkh mUgsa bl ckr dh [kq'kh gS fd os ifjys[k 'kks/k lanHkZ ¼bZif=dk½

vad&1 % tuojh] 2017

ISSN Applied

izos'kkad 10 viuh urcgw ds ikl gh cSB xbZ vkSj ogha cSBh&cSBh lHkh dks vkns'k mUgksua s viuk drZO; iwjk dj fn;kA o`)ksa dh lq[k&lqfo/kk,¡ lkekftd] nsrh jgh fd ,slk djks] ,slk er djksA vkfFkZd rFkk euksoK S kfud miknkuksa ij fuHkZj djrh gSAa dsoy ;g blh lanHkZ esa m)j.k ^m* o`)k nknh viuh urcgw dks xHkkZoLFkk ds eku ysuk dkQh ugha gS fd o`)ksa dks D;k pkfg, nks oä dk Hkkstu nkSjku Hkkstu xzg.k lacèa kh fgnk;rsa nsrh gqbZ ns[kh tk ldrh gSA vkSj ru ij diM+As mUgsa dsoy Hkkstu] diM+kas dh gh pkg ugha gksrh buds vykok ;gk¡ ckcw flag pkSgku] lqj's k mfu;ky] eqjkjh 'kekZ vkSj cfYd eq[; :i ls mudh pkg gksrh gS fd ?kj&ifjokj esa mudk fxjh'k vLFkkuk dh dgkfu;ksa ^?kqu*] ^xzke ekrk*] ^eqëh Hkj /kwy*] vkSj opZLo cuk jgsA mUgsa ;g vglkl pkfg, fd os Hkh ml ifjokj ds ^cq<Å + dk vk/kqfudhdj.k* ds va'k Hkh æ"VO; gS& a vfHkUu vax gSAa tc o`)ksa dks ;g vglkl gksrk gS fd ifjokj ds ¼v½ ÞmUgsa vHkh rd xqLlk vk;k gqvk FkkA iRuh ds vkrs gh QV yksxksa us muls nwfj;k¡ cukuh 'kq: dj nh gS rc mUgsa vius opZLo dks iM+& s irk ugha] esjs tkus ds ckn rqe D;k djrh jgrh gksA lQkbZ dk LFkkfir djuk iM+rk gSA dHkh&dHkh fouezrk rks dHkh cyiwod Z A rks fcYdqy [+k;ky ugha jgrk! vc ns[kks] lkjs ?kj esa ?kqu mlh rjg ,slk cgqr de gh gksrk gS fd o`) vius opZLo dks lekt ds le{k QSyh gqbZ gSA dbZ ckj dg pqdk gw¡] ,d ds ctk, nks ckj >kM+w ekjk cyiwod Z j[krs gksA o`) vius opZLo dks LFkkfir djus ds fy, djks] rHkh nwj gksx a As ij dksbZ lqus rc u! ?kj dks fcYdqy vtk;c?kj fouezrk dk lgkjk ysrs gSAa o`)ksa dh Hkk"kk ds bl i{k ds mnkgj.k cuk j[kk gSA ds :i esa çsepan dh dgkuh ^vyX;ks>k* dk ;g va'k ns[kk tk ldrk vkSj iRuh dks cksyus dk ekSdk fn, fcuk gh nwljs ç'u ml ij nkx gS& Þrqeus esjs cky&cPpksa ds fy, tks dqN fd;k] og eSa Hkwy ugha fn;k& gk¡ vkSj je.k dgk¡ gS\ vk;k ugha vHkh\ og Hkh ykVlkgc gS] ldrhA rqeus buds flj ij gkFk u j[kk gksrk rks vkt budh u ykVlkgcAß37 tkus D;k xfr gksrh] u tkus fdlds }kj ij Bksdjsa [kkrs gksr]s u ¼vk½ ÞcsVs us mls le>k;k Hkh Fkk] Þckiw tehu dk bruk eksg Bhd tkus dgk¡&dgk¡ Hkh[k ek¡xrs fQjrsA rqEgkjk tl ejrs ne rd ugha gSA fdlku dk thuk Hkh dksbZ thuk gS\ Ng eghus [ksr esa ilhus xkÅ¡xh] vxj esjh [kky rqEgkjs twrs cukus ds dke vk,] rks [kq'kh ls cgkvks vkSj ekSle dk fetkt fcxM+k rks fQj ogh <kd ds rhu ikr ns nw¡Aß42 lwi ds eq¡g esa Hkh nkuk fudy tkrk gS-Aß exj #fy;k mlds bl lkFk gh ;gk¡ ;g Hkh mYys[kuh; gS fd Hkys gh o`) vius cPpksa ij rdZ ls lger ugha Fkk& xqLls ls mldk ru&cnu ty mBk] Þcgqr fuHkZj gksa ¼cw<h+ dkdh] phQ dh nkor] vyX;ks>k] Nr ij nLrd] cM+k vkneh gks x;k gS rw--- cM+h&cM+h ckrsa dj ysrk gS vcA -ij csVk lk/ks]a ek¡] ;{kç'u½ ;k mUgsa viuh lsokfuo`fÙk ds ckn is'a ku fey jgh ;s ckrsa D;ksa Hkwy x;k rw fd rsjs vui<+ cki us bl feêh esa viuk gks ¼xsna ] le;½ ?kj&ifjokj esa cPpksa ij fdlh u fdlh :i esa ilhuk cgkdj rqe HkkbZ&cguksa dks iky iksldj bl dkfcy cuk;k vkfJr gSAa vius ifjokj esa gh vius opZLo dks LFkkfir djuk o`)ksa gSA --- exj csVk ;s er Hkwy fdlku [ksr esa gy tksrrk gS rks ;s ds fy, lcls cM+h leL;k gSA ;gk¡ o`)ksa dk Hkk"kk ç;ksx mudh mudk deZ gS---tks deZ djrk gS ogh Qy dk gdnkj Hkh gksrk gSAß38 lkekftd] vkfFkZd vkSj ikfjokfjd fLFkfr;ksa rFkk vk;q] ifjos'k vkSj ¼b½ Þcj[kqjnkj eSua s ;s cky /kwi esa FkksMs+ gh lQsn fd, gS\a dgdj laL—fr ls tqMd + j lkeus vkrk gSA vCcw tksj ls g¡l iM+As * lanHkZ 1- çsepan] ek¡] ek¡] i`- 20 ^vksg MSM ;w vkj fj;yh xzVs A* 2- çsepan] vyX;ks>k] ek¡] i`- 120 3- çsepan] vyX;ks>k] ek¡] i`- 137 ^vc rqe gn ls ckgj gks jgs gks* vCcw us dej dks MkaV fiykbZA 4- t;'kadj çlkn] eerk] t;'kadj çlkn dh Js"B dgkfu;k¡] i`- 8 lkguh] phQ dh nkor] çfrfuf/k dgkfu;k¡] i`- 23 ^;g MSM&oSM eq>s vPNk ugha yxrk] ikus cPpksa ls rqe Hkys gh vius 5-6- Hkh"e ;'kiky] dkSu tkus] ySEi 'ksM] i`- 31&32 vki dks MSM dgyokuk] le>s! MSM] gag! vHkh eSa ekjk ugha gw¡Aß39 7- lqHkæk dqekjh pkSgku] dSyk'kh ukuh] ukjh ân; rFkk vU; dgkfu;k¡] i`- 45 8- e`nqyk xxZ] Nr ij nLrd] laxfr&folaxfr] laiw.kZ dgkfu;k¡ Hkkx&2] i`- 609 ¼bZ½ Þjkew dh ,d Vk¡x VwVh ij HkXxks dks ,d dke fey x;k] og 9- f'kokuh] nknh] ¼jfr foyki½] i`- 135 M‚- dey dqekj] vEek] fnO;yksd ¼2008 ½] i`- 93&94 xk¡o&Hkj esa ?kwe&?kwedj enksZa dks rkus nsrh] ykur HkstrhA lkjk xk¡o 10-11- jke/kkjh flag fnokdj] viuk ?kj] okxFkZ ¼fnlacj 1999½] i`- 61 12- jke/kkjh flag fnokdj] viuk ?kj] okxFkZ ¼fnlacj 1999½] i`- 64 lj ij mBk fy;k mlusA vkSj ,d fnu rks tc xk¡o iapk;r dh 13- jke/kkjh flag fnokdj] viuk ?kj] okxFkZ ¼fnlacj 1999½] i`- 70 uhy dkSf'kd] ijkftr] ¼la- fxfjjkt'kj.k½] o`)koLFkk dh dgkfu;k¡] i`- 124 lHkk gks jgh Fkh HkXxks ls uk jgk x;kA Hkjh iapk;r esa tkdj xjt 14-15- lqlR;jkt] vuf/k—r LoIu] ¼la- fxfjjkt'kj.k½] o`)koLFkk dh dgkfu;k¡] i`- 118 16- eatqy Hkxr] nknh dk cVqvk] ¼la- fxfjjkt'kj.k½] o`)koLFkk dh dgkfu;k¡] i`- 87 iM+h % Þvjs vks feêh ds ek/koks] rqEgkjs Hkkx dh ykt dgk¡ pyh xbZA 17- ujsaæ dksgyh] 'kVy ¼la- fxfjjkt'kj.k½] o`)koLFkk dh dgkfu;k¡] i`- 66 aæ dksgyh] 'kVy] ¼la- fxfjjkt'kj.k½] o`)koLFkk dh dgkfu;k¡] i`- 68 cus cSBs gks iap] ljiapA xk¡o ds jkLrksa dk Hkh irk gSA dyqvk dk 18-19- ujsf'koçlkn flag] nknh ek¡] olar Hkkx&2] i`- 7 40 20- f'koçlkn flag] nknh ek¡] olar Hkkx&2] i`- 9 jeqvk rks gks x;k yaxM+k vc D;k lkjs xk¡o dks yaxM+k djksxAs ß 21- fxfjjktfd'kksj] Qkby nkf[ky n¶rj] okxFkZ ¼fnlacj 1999½] i`- 45 ¼m½ ÞHkXxks us dM+drh vkokt esa dgk&Þjf/k;k ds ckiw] rq>s iSls 22- çsepan] vyX;ks>k] ek¡] çsepan] i`- 139 23- m"kk fç;aonk] okilh] ¼la- fxfjjkt'kj.k½] o`)koLFkk dh dgkfu;k¡] i`- 22 pkfg, uk\ rks ys csp Mky] esjh xk; gS bl lkjs xk¡o dh ek¡] csp 24- jkth lsB] mruh nwj] okxFkZ ¼fnlacj 1999½] i`- 32 lk/ksa] okxFkZ ¼fnlacj 1999½] i`- 39 ns bls ysfdu jf/k;k ugha fcdsxh] og rsjh gh ugha lkjs xk¡o dh csVh 25-26- xksxksffoaoann feJ] feJ] lk/ksa] okxFkZ ¼fnlacj 1999½ i`- 41 27- n;kuan vuar] lhesaV esa mxh ?kkl] ¼la- fxfjjkt'kj.k½] o`)koLFkk dh dgkfu;k¡] i`- 52&53 gSA dksbZ 'keZnkj viuh csVh ugha cspk djrkA xíkj ikuh ek¡ csp 28- jkedqekj Hkzej] eksgrkt] ¼la- fxfjjkt'kj.k½] o`)koLFkk dh dgkfu;k¡] i`- 109 29- jes'k mik/;k;] 'kkieqfä] dyki Mkyrs gSAa ß41 30- çsepan] ea=] çsepan dh dqN vej dgkfu;k¡] i`- 149 ck¡/kks u uko bl Bkao ca/kq] okxFkZ ¼fnlacj 1999½] i`- 142 mi;qä Z m)j.kksa esa o`)ksa dk fdlh&u&fdlh :i esa ç'u djuk vkSj 31-32- çsmfeZepaynk] f'kjh"k] fo/oa'k] ek¡] i`- 31 xy] xsan] okxFkZ ¼fnlacj 1999½ i`- 52 vkns'k nsuk fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA ekuk fd o`) vius cPpksa ij vkfJr gSa 33-34- ;ksfp=kfxrkeqn;kno] cksulkbZ] çxfr'khy olq/kk] ledkyhu dgkuh fo'ks"kkad] i`- 22 feJ] lk/ksa] okxFkZ ¼fnlacj 1999½] i`- 39&40 fdarq dqN fo"k;ksa ij o`) vius fl)karksa ls le>kSrk ugha djrsA ogk¡ 35-36- xksxksffoaoann feJ] lk/ksa] okxFkZ ¼fnlacj 1999½] i`- 41 mudk vk;qtfur cM+Iiu vkSj okrkZ dh fofo/k ;qfä;ksa ds lkFk ç'u 37- lqjs'k mfu;ky] ?kqu] ¼la- fxfjjkt'kj.k½] o`)koLFkk dh dgkfu;k¡] i`- 130&131 38- eqjkjh 'kekZ] eqëh Hkj /kwy] ledkyhu Hkkjrh; lkfgR; ¼uoacj&fnlacj 2007½] i`- 79 vkSj vkns'k dk Hkko Li"V :i ls fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA ç'u vkSj vkns'k 39- fxjh'k vLFkkuk] cq<+Å dk vk/kqfudhdj.k] okxFkZ ¼fnlacj 1999½] i`- 77 40- ckcw flag pkSgku] xzke ekrk] ¼la- fxfjjkt'kj.k½] o`)koLFkk dh dgkfu;k¡] i`- 82 o`)ksa ds ifjos'k ls tqMd + j lkeus vkrs gSAa 41- ckcw flag pkSgku] xzke ekrk] ¼la- fxfjjkt'kj.k½] o`)koLFkk dh dgkfu;k¡] i`- 85 o`)ksa dks dqN lq[k&lqfo/kk,¡ nsdj uo;qod ih<+h lksprh gS fd 42- çsepan] vyX;ks>k] ek¡] i`- 128 ifjys[k 'kks/k lanHkZ ¼bZif=dk½

vad&1 % tuojh] 2017

ISSN Applied

izos'kkad

nfyr lkfgR; dh Hkk"kk % ^VwVrs laokn* dk lanHkZ & larks"k fot; equ's oj Hkk"kk fopkjksa dh laokfgdk gSA oLrqr% Hkk"kk vkSj lekt dk lac/a k vU;ksU;kfJr gSA lekt esa ç;qä Hkk"kk fo"ke:ih gksrh gSA ;g blfy, laHko gS pw¡fd Hkk"kk vyx&vyx lkekftd lanHkksZa esa vyx&vyx O;fä;ksa }kjk ç;qä gksrh gSA blfy, ;g ekuk tkrk gS fd Hkk"kk ds vHkko esa euq"; dk lkekthdj.k laHko ugha gSA çfl) Hkk"kkfon~ çks- fnyhi flag dh ekU;rk gS fd ^^Hkk"kk Lo;a esa îksVfas 'k;y* gS] Hkjiwj vFkZ çxVhdj.k dh {kerk vkSj ltZukRed lkeF;Z ls vkPNkfnrA Hkk"kk esa vFkZ'kD;rk dh mifLFkfr dk rkRi;Z Hkk"kk ç;ksäk dh ml iw.kZrk ls gS fd og Hkk"kk ds lgkjs D;k&D;k dj ldrk gSA Hkk"kk ç;ksäk ls vfHkçsr ;gk¡ flQZ cksyus okys ¼Lihdj½ ls ugha gS ¼tSlk fd yksx le>us dh Hkwy djrs gS½a cfYd Jksrk] ys[kd] ikBd ls Hkh gSA**1 bl ekU;rk ds vkyksd esa ;gk¡ nfyr lkfgR;dkj ds-,l- rwQku ds y?kqdFkk ladyu ^VwVrs laokn* ds Hkkf"kd oSf'k"Vî dk foospu&fo'ys"k.k nfyr foe'kZ dh –f"V ls fd;k tk jgk gSA ukedj.k dh rn~Hkork Hkkjrh; laL—fr esa laLdkjksa dk fo”ks’k egRo gSA ^^;s laLdkj le; ij ikfjokfjd ,drk dks dk;e j[kus ds fy, fu/kkZfjr fd, x, gS]a tks lekt dks ,drk ds lw= esa ck¡/ks j[kus ds vko';d ,oa vpwd ç;Ru gSAa bUgha lksyg laLdkjksa esa ls ,d egRoiw.kZ laLdkj gS ûkedj.k* ;k ûke fu/kkZj.k* laLdkjA**2 çk;% ;g ns[kk x;k gS fd Hkkjrh; uke ds lkFk ekrk] firk] nknk] nknh] ukuk] ukuh dk uke tqMk+ feyrk gS rks dgha dqy nsork] xzg] ns'k dh ufn;k¡ vkfn dk uke tqMk+ feyrk gSA bruk gh ugha fdlh O;fä ds xq.kksa vkSj voxq.kksa vkfn ds vk/kkj ij Hkh uke nsus dh çFkk Hkkjrh; lekt esa çpfyr gSA ;s uke vfHk/kkFkZ] y{k.kkFkZ ;k fQj O;aX;kFkZ rhuksa esa ls fdlh Hkh çdkj ds gks ldrs gSAa tgk¡ ,d vksj lo.kZ lekt esa uke ds lkFk nsoh ;k nsork dk uke tksMs+ tkus dh çFkk gS ogha nwljh vksj nfyr lekt esa ukeksa dk rn~Hkohdj.k ik;k tkrk gSA nfyrksa esa ûudw* gks ldrk gS ûkudjke* ughaA nfyrks@ a okYehfd;ksa ds uke] fnuks]a eghuks]a R;ksgkjks]a twrks]a pj.kks]a dkSfM+;ks]a de ewY; ds flDdks]a dkys jax vkfn ij j[kus dk çko/kku] lo.kksZa ds /kwrrZ kiw.kZ ‘kM;a=ksa ds dkj.k nfyrksa ds ,sl& s ,sls uke feysx a s ftudk vFkZ 'kCndks'k esa Hkh [kkstus ls ugha feysxkA lkseokj % lkseokj ds fnu tUe ysus okys nfyr@okYehfd uj cPpksa dk uke lkekU;r% lqejs k] lqejk] lqe: vkfn j[kk tkrk jgk gSA eaxyokj % bl fnu mRiUu tUes cPpksa dk uke eaxy] eaxyw] eaxfy;k] eaxr] eaxrs] eaxok j[kk tkrk gSA cq/kokj % bl fnu iSns gksus okys cPpksa dk uke vkerkSj ij cq)]w cqfèk;k] cq/k;k] fof/k;k j[kk tkrk gSA blh çdkj c`gLifrokj ¼tqejs kr½ dks tUe ysus okys cPpksa dk uke tqejks rFkk xqjok] 'kqØokj ¼tqeka½ dks tUes cPpksa ds uke tqEek] 'kfuokj dks tUes cPpksa ds uke luhpj] Fkkefj;k rFkk jfookj dks tUes cPpksa dk brokjh j[ks tkus dh ck/;rk@ijaijk dk ikyu gksrk ifjys[k 'kks/k lanHkZ ¼bZif=dk½

jgk gSA mYys[kuh; gS fd /keZHkh#rk ds pyrs fdlh nfyr us iafMr ls iwN fy;k fd cPps thrs ugha gS]a D;k djuk pkfg,A cl iafMr dks ukeksa dh NhNkysnkj djus dh vPNh lkexzh fey xbZA mlus crk;k fd uotkr f'k'kq dks Nkt ¼lwi½ esa j[kdj [khap nsukA ,sls cPps dk uke NTtw] Ntok] ?klhVk] f?kLlw] f?kLlk] f?kLluk] [kSp a ]w [kPpw] [kpsMw j[kk tkrk rFkk iafMr ds crk, vuqlkj uotkr f'k'kqvksa dk twrksa ls rksyuk] ?kkl ls rksyuk] dku Nsnuk vkfn dqçFkk,¡ Hkh çpfyr FkhaA twrksa ls rksys x, f'k'kq dk uke ftÙkw] ftÙkok] tqrok] rqyok] rksYgk j[kk tkuk lkekU; ckr FkhA ?kkl ls rqyus okyksa dk uke fu'p; gh ?kklh vFkok ?kklhjke j[kk tkrk FkkA ftu cPpksa ds dku Nsn@chaèk fn, tkrs Fks] muds uke fNnok] Nsnk] Nsnh] fNíw] dufNnk] cqna s rFkk cqna ok gksrs FksA Þczkã.koknh uhp ço`fÙk ds dkj.k nfyrks@ a okYehfd;ksa ds uke vkerkSj ls gqyok] Hkqyok] HkqDdM ¼Hkw[kk jgus okyk&vFkkZr ftldh vkfFkZd fLFkfr n;uh; gks½] HkqD[ks] HkqDdu] fHkDdu] fHk[kkjh ¼Hkh[k ekaxdj [kkus okyk] Qdhj½] xjhck] uRFkw] QÙkw] NqUuw] eqUuw] VqUuw] jkeyky] jkedyk] jke[ksykou] jkepj.k] gjpj.k] Hkxokunkl] bZ'ojnkl] Nqêu] QqLlu] QqLls] Qqlok] pks[ku] pqMn+ h] jkek] xkek] fNÙkj ¼twr½s ] fyÙkj ¼twr½s ] iapdkSMh+ ] neM+h jke ¼iwod Z ky esa neM+h ds flDds pyrs FksA neM+h dk flDdk lcls de ewY; dk gksrk FkkA½] neM+h yky] NnEeh ¼iwod Z ky esa Nnke uked flDdk Hkh pyrk FkkA ;g Hkh cgqr de ewY; dk gksrk FkkA½] NnEek] dYyu] eYyu] rqYyu] jEeu] lEeu] tqEeu] pks[ksyky] :<+ok] fcLuk] uudk] uuok] euok] luok] lUus] eUus] ldVw ¼R;ksgkj ldV ds fnu tUek½] eVdh ¼xksy 'kjhj okyk½] fdM~B]w HkLlq] Hkjksl]s pquu] equu] [kjkrh ¼eq¶r esa feyk gqvk½] Hkksyk] nsoh nhu] fdïj] fd<+:] tnsok] gjnsok] uUgs]a fcUus] fcUuh] NksV]s eksV]s NksVu] xqêh] xqfV;kjs] gksf'k;kjs] jktw] Q;ktw] fu;ktw] galk] pr:] feëw] feBok] feëu] d<sjk] Mcyhjke] jks<k] xqnMw] [knMw] fpEeu] HkXxu ¼Hk; ds dkj.k Hkkxus okyk½] dkyw] ykyw] dkuw] Maxjw ] MkYyw] eoklh] jkerst] jkeçhr jke] lq[kjke] jkelq[k] ckcwjke] gYnhjke] fephZjke] dwM]s+ :<+]s dqMo+ k] dM+ok] yksVu] dqQjh] Nax]w eax]w Naxk] ve:] vejs] Hkjrk] Hkjrw] dkys] dkfy;k] dywVk] HkqM a k] lM+k] VsM a k] dkyhpju] dyok] eqdna h] eqlnh] eqUuk] pqUuk] ykyw] ys[kk] Vsdk] yìw] yM+ok] bany] banj] panj] Hkar]s xaxkjke] xaxknkl] ek;knkl] cÙkw] lÙkw] larks[kh] pquok] equok] eks[kk] dYyw] eVYyw] NYyw] QqYyw] exu] lXxu] jXxu] eD[ku] lfn;k] lxuk] cksMk] /kuok] euok] ewyk] /kwyk] fnykoj] txuk] pan:] f<Yyw] fcYyw] fnYyw] flYyw] lXxw] HkXxw] lark] Hkark] [kokuh] [k;kyh] jX?kw] eX?kw] yYyw] cYyw] jgrw] jgrok ¼tks b/kj&m/kj jgdj viuk Hkj.k&iks”k.k djrk gks½] j?kok] e?kok] lq[kuk] e[kok] Fkkuh] >Cck] >Ccu] >Eeu] ?kEew] lEew] jeoka] fVdhZ] pOgk] <Ook] xqjlk] rTtu] eTtu] cCcu] rCcu] 'kUuw] eUuw] rUuw] iyVw] iyVk] eqM a ok] xqM a ok] lqYyM+] HkqYyM+] dqYgM+] lksYgM+] eksYgM+] jxMw] >xMw] nxMw] jafx;k] eafx;k] >afx;k] Hkafx;k jke] jaxhyk] lfM+;ks] >fM+;k] lr:] eV:] lax:] eax:] nhuw] pan]w pkan]s Hkwj]s Hkwfj;k] líu] eíu] lXxs] eX?ks] Hkís ¼dq:i½ vkfn ?k`.kkLin uke j[kus dk çpyu FkkAÞ3 nfyr lekt esa ^xkscj* gks ldrk gS ^xkso/kZu* ughaA foosP; —fr esa ç;qä ukedj.kksa dh rn~Hkork ds dfri; mnkgj.k ns[ksa & uudw % ¼vkØks'k dk lSykc] i`- 14½ uudw dVs o`{k dh Hkk¡fr ogha <sj

vad&1 % tuojh] 2017

ISSN Applied

izos'kkad

12 • çfrfnu pksjh] MdSrh] cykRdkj rFkk vU; çdkj dh ?kVuk,¡ /kM+k/ gks x;kA gfj;k % ¼eqvkotk] i`- 16½ gfj;k uacj ,d tqvkjh] 'kjkch rFkk u'ksMh+ kM+ gks jgh FkhA ¼vijkèk fojks/kh vfHk;ku] i`- 19½ • iqfyl Hkh NhNkysnkj gksuk LokHkkfod gh FkkA ¼vijk/k fojks/kh FkkA dkyw % ¼mldh jksVh] i`- 24½ dkyw&mldk jax dkyk jax Fkk] esy ls vfHk;ku] i`- 19½ phdV deht] :[ks cky rFkk gj le; cgrh ukd ds dkj.k gh • la/;k dky gksrs gh ukxfjd vius&vius ?kjksa esa nqcd ls tkrs FksA ¼vijk/k fojks/kh vfHk;ku] i`- 19½ mldk uke dkyw iM+ x;k gSA uFkok % ¼?kj dh eqxhZ] i`- 25½ tUedky ls gh Bkdqj laxkz e flag ds • nqdkunkjksa ls pkSFk olwy djukA ¼vijk/k fojks/kh vfHk;ku] i`- 19½ • Bsdns kj bl lekpkj dks lqudj HkquHkquk;k ¼vk/kkj f'kyk] i`- 23½ ;gk¡ ca/kqvk etnwj gSA jkeks % ¼fo'ks"kkf/kdkj] i`- 34½ jkeks Hkh dks;ys okyh ykbu esa dkMZ fy, • gksVy ds Myko ¼dwMk+ ?kj½ ij u;k dwMk+ ykdj Mkyk x;k gSA ¼mldh jksVh] i`- 24½ viuk uacj vkus dh çrh{kk dj jgh gSA idkSMh+ ey % ¼'kqHkdkeuk,¡] i`- 41½ ykSVrs le; vkfr'kckth jkt/kkuh • mldh 'kknh dk tqxkM+ Hkh gks x;k vkSj mlds ?kj nqYgu vkbZA ¼?kj dh eqxhZ] i`- 25½ esa gh ugha] oju~ idkSMh+ ey ds ân; esa Hkh NwV jgh FkhA HkqDdM+ % ¼vkj{k.k] i`- 57½ iafMr th us ukd HkkSa fldksMr+ s gq, vkSj • os u'ks esa /kqÙk yM+[kM+krs gq, cM+cM+k jgs Fks vkSj nksuksa ds da/kksa ij tSls >wy jgs Fks ¼vcyk] i`- 28½ vifo=rk ds Hk; ls vius dks cpkrs gq, HkqDdM+ vk'kh"k nhA QÙkw % ¼y{eh dk vkxeu] i`- 62½ QÙkw dh >ksia M+h ds fn;ksa dh jks'kuh • mUgksua s ,d >UukVsnkj pk¡Vk ml efgyk ds eq¡g ij tM+ fn;k vius vki gh rst gks xbZ] D;ksfa d ogk¡ ij y{eh dk vkxeu tks gks ¼vcyk] i`- 28½ • mlds fiYyksa dks BaM ls cpkus ds fy, dejs esa vaxhBh tykuk x;k FkkA eaxw % ¼?kqMp + <+h dk le;] i`- 64½ nhoku th us muls nks lkS #i, vko';d gSA ¼fo'ks"kkfèkdkj] i`- 35½ • iM+kl S h rFkk xzkeoklh Hkh ckydjke dh cnfdLerh ij xetnk nsus dks dgk rks eaxw grçHk jg x;kA /kfu;k % ¼Hkw[k vkSj vksoj Vkbe] i`- 69½ /kfu;k us bl vlkj lalkj FksA ¼ewY;oku dku] i`- 47½ • o`)k us Øks/k ls Qqd a kjrs gq, mlds ,d ?kM+s esa ,slh ykr ekjh fd esa vdsys gh Hkw[k ls yM+us dk ladYi ys fy;k gSA + rk pyk x;kA ¼vNwr ikuh] i`- 52½ eaxrw % ¼cSd a _.k dh xqRFkh] i`- 76½ eaxrw [ksrhgj etnwj ds :i esa ?kM+k nwj rd yq<d • iafMrth esjk yM+dk vldwy ¼Ldwy½ dh rjQ ls vukfll ds de pkS/kjh mejko flag ds [ksrksa esa dke djrk FkkA ¼,u-lh-lh- ds dSEi½ esa 'kgj ls ckgj x;k gSA ¼vkj{k.k] i`- 57½ nfyr Hkk"kk esa ns'ktrk + <+h dk le;] i`- 63½ lzkrs ds vk/kkj ij ns'k esa gh tUes 'kCnksa dks ns'kt 'kCn dgrs gSAa ;s • ,d NksVk lk yky ijpk ¼Vsyhxzke½ ¼?kqMp + <+h dk le;] i`- 63½ 'kCn u gh rRle gksrs gS]a u gh rn~Hko vkSj u gh fons'khA ns'kt 'kCn • iksLVeSu jQwpDdj gks x;k FkkA ¼?kqMp Hkh nks çdkj ds gksrs gSAa ,d os ns'kt 'kCn gSa tks vuqdj.k ds ek/ • Nk=ksa dh flêh&fiêh xqe gks xbZ Fkh vkSj leLr cl ,d ckj iqu% ;e ls mRiUu gq, gksa vFkkZr~ vuqdj.kkRed ns'kt 'kCnA tSl& s gM+cM+] Bgkdksa ls xw¡t mBh FkhA ¼ugys ij ngyk] i`- 82½ [kV[kV] /kM+/kM+ vkfnA nwljs os 'kCn gSa ftUgsa vKkr O;qRifÙkewyd • m/kj nksuksa O;fä] ftuds eq¡g ij <kVs ¼udkc½ ca/ks Fks] tyrh gqbZ a dj igys gh va/kdkj esa foyhu gks pqds FksA ns'kt dgrs gSAa tSl& s ?kksVkyk] Nhuk>iVh vkfnA ;gk¡ foosP; —fr e'kky >ksiM+kas ij Qsd esa ç;qä ns'ktrk dks js[kkafdr fd;k tk jgk gSA dqN mnkgj.k ¼ty vkSj thou] i`- 86½ varr% ;gh dgk tk ldrk gS fd ds-,l- rwQku us ik= vkSj ifjos'k fuEufyf[kr gSa & w ns'ktrk dk ç;ksx fd;k gS ftlds dkj.k iBuh;rk vkSj • ugj ds ikuh dk ukank dkVk x;kA ¼vkØks'k dk lSykc] i`- 13½ ds vuqdy laç"s k.kh;rk c<+ xbZ gSA • cnu esa >qj>qjh gksus yxhA ¼VwVrs laokn] i`- 9½ • d‚yst ds dsæa h; d{k esa dgdgs] Bgkds xw¡t jgs gSAa ¼xíkj] i`- 11½ xkyh vkSj vi'kCn dk ç;ksx xkyh vkSj vi'kCn dk ç;ksx xzkE;@nsgkrh yksx cgqr gh lgt :i • fctyh xqy gks tkuk A ¼xíkj] i`- 11½ • NksVs cPps dy ids pkoyksa dh [kqjpu irhyh ls fudkyus esa ls djrs gSAa ;gk¡ foosP; —fr esa mi;qä xkfy;ksa ds mnkg.k çLrqr fd;k tk jgk gSA oLrqr% ys[kd us viuh y?kqdFkkvksa esa xkyh vkSj ç;kljr gSAa ¼Hkw[k dk fj'rk] i`- 39½ • gky esa gcM+ rcM+ epus ds lkFk gh dbZ Hkkjh daB ph[k mBrs gSAa vi'kCn dk ç;ksx T;knk ugha fd;k gSA tgk¡ ik= xkyh nsrk gS ogk¡ ij ys[kd us xkyh dk ç;ksx u djds dsoy ladrs kRed :i ls ;g ¼xíkj] i`- 11½ Li"V fd;k gS fd Qyk us Qyk dks xkyh nhA mnkgj.k ds fy, • Nhuk>iVh dk cktkj xeZ gSA ¼xíkj] i`- 11½ • jLlh ls yVdkdj lq[k dh uhan lqyk fn;k x;k FkkA ¼xíkj] i`- ^^okrkoj.k esa vc Hkh ml lTtu iq#"k dh xkfy;k¡ xw¡t jgh FkhaA** foosP; —fr esa ç;qä dqN vi'kCnksa ds mnkgj.k uhps fn, tk jgs gSa 12½ ;gk¡ ij ys[kd us ^mldks ekj Mkyk x;k* dk ç;ksx u djds ^lq[k & dh uhan lqyk fn;k x;k Fkk* dk lanq j ç;ksx fd;k gS] pw¡fd fganh • ^^bl dyeq¡gh dk fookg esjs iq= ds lkFk ,sls le; gqvk fd esjs iq= ij eqlhcr dk igkM+ VwV iM+kA** ¼tkikuh Vh&lSV] i`- 80½ Hkk"kk lekt esa og ç;ksx VScw gS vFkkZr~ oftZr gSA • cl ds vanj /kDdk&eqDdh gksuh LokHkkfod gh FkhA ¼drZO;] i`- 15½ lkl viuh cgw dks ckr&ckr ij dkslrh jgrh gSA og mlds gj a • cl dks Fkkus dh vksj vkrh ns[k MîwVh ij rSukr Fkkusnkj ew¡Nksa esa dke esa ehues[k fudkyrh jgrh gSA vkSj ,d mnkgj.k ns[ks& • vjh--- D;k rksM+ fn;k tuetyh ¼tkikuh Vh&lSV] i`- 80½ eqLdqjk;k ¼drZO;] i`- 15½ • D;k rsjh vk¡[ks QwV xbZ Fkh---mtM+s ?kj dh ¼tkikuh Vh&lSV] i`- 80½ ys[kd us ,d uwru ç;ksx fd;k gS& ew¡Nksa esa eqLdqjkukA • dHkh dHkh Qkdkd'kh dh ukScr Hkh vk tkrh FkhA ¼eqvkotk] i`- 16½ • gk;----uk'kihVs ¼tkikuh Vh&lSV] i`- 80½ ifjys[k 'kks/k lanHkZ ¼bZif=dk½

vad&1 % tuojh] 2017

ISSN Applied

izos'kkad 13 • vjs rksMk+ x s s ds fdlh dh yqxkbZ us ¼foo'krk] i`- 81½ ladrs ksa ij u`R; djuk vFkkZr b'kkjs ij dBiqryh dh rjg ukpukA • vjs csdQ w ] ¼foo'krk] i`- 81½ • ekaxjs ke ds flj ij tSls xkt fxjhA ¼ijaijk dk var] i`- 92½ • bu dehuksa ds ?kj Hkh bl txg cuus nw¡xk! ¼ijaijk dk var] i`- 91½ • ph[k ekjrk gqvk mYVs ik¡o ljiV Hkkx vk;kA ¼ijaijk dk var] ièqgkojs vkSj yksdksfä;k¡ 92½ dYiuk esa jaxh vfHkO;fä;k¡ gSAa buds ç;ksx ls Hkk"kk esa çokge;rk • viuh ew¡Nksa dk ç'u cuk fy;kA ¼ty vkSj thou i`- 86½ ,oa vFkZoÙkk O;aftr gksrs gSAa çR;sd Hkk"kk esa fof'k"V eqgkojs vkSj ew¡Nksa dk ç'u cukus dk vFkZ gS bTtr dk lokyA yksdksfä;k¡ feyrh gS]a ftuds ihNs ml Hkk"kk ds cksyus okyksa dh vr% dgk tk ldrk gS fd ys[kd dks Hkk"kk ij idM+ gSA mUgksua s lkaL—frd ijaijk,¡ rFkk fof'k"V vuqHkoksa dh vfHkO;fä fufgr jgrh nfyrksa dh ihM+k dks vfHkO;ä djus ds fy, eqgkojs vkSj yksdksfä;ksa gSA ^VwVrs laokn* esa laxgz hr y?kqdFkkvksa esa ç;qä eqgkojs vkSj yksdksfä;ksa dk ç;ksx c[kwch fd;k gSA dh lwph fuEufyf[kr gS & nfyr O;olk; ls lacfa /kr 'kCnkoyh • jLlh ls yVdkdj lq[k dh uhan lqyk fn;k x;kA ¼xíkj] i`- 12½ nfyrksa ds vyx vyx O;olk; gks ldrs gSAa tSl& s lM+dksa dh lq[k dh uhan lqyk nsuk ^vFkkZr ekSr ds ?kkV mrkjuk vFkok ekj lQkbZ] dwMk+ chuuk] rk¡xk pykuk] twrs cukuk vkfnA ds-,l- rwQku MkyukA êkj Mkyk*] êkSr gks xbZ*] êj x;k* vkfn dk ç;ksx djuk dh bl —fr esa ,dk/k txg —f‘k ls lacfa /kr 'kCnkoyh dk ç;ksx oftZr gSA blfy, ys[kd us mlds fodYi ds :i esa eqgkojs dk fd;k x;k gSA vU; dqN O;olk;ksa dk ladrs ek= gSA dqN mnkgj.k ç;ksx fd;k gSA fuEufyf[kr gS& a • mlus vko ns[kk uk rkoA ¼vkØks'k dk lSykc] i`- 14½ • ugj ds ikuh dk ukank dkVk x;kA ¼vkØks'k dk lSykc] i`- 13½ • uudw dVs o`{k dh Hkk¡fr ogh <sj gks x;kA ¼vkØks'k dk lSykc] i`- • ckydjke ?kksMk+ &rk¡xk pykdj vius ifjokj dk Hkj.k&iks"k.k 14½ djrk FkkA ¼ewY;oku dku] i`- 47½ • ;kf=;ksa ds eq¡g ij gokb;k¡ mM+us yxh FkhA ¼drZO;] i`- 15½ • dLlh] QkoMs rFkk MaMs ¼vkØks'k dk lScky] i`- 13½ • cPps dwMs+ ds <sj ls dkxt vkfn chu fy;k djrs Fks ftlls ?kj dk • cPps] dwMs+ ds <sj ls dkxt vkfn chu fy;k djrs FksA ¼eqvkotk] pwYgk xje gks tk;k djrk FkkA ¼eqvkotk] i`- 16½ i`- 16½ • ikuh flj ls Åij gks tkus dk [krjk cu x;kA ¼vijk/k fojks/kh • pekfju ¼lgk;rk cuke tkrh;rk] i`- 18½ vfHk;ku] i`- 19½ • ca/kqvk etnwj ¼?kj dh eqxhZ] i`- 25½ • vkt ugha rks dy jksVh ds ykys iM+us gh okys FksA ¼iku elkyk] • etnwj tks lywdk o ,d dPNk igus gS]a QkoM+k da/ks ij j[k i`- 21½ etnwjh ij tkus dh rS;kjh dj jgk FkkA ¼Hkw[k dk fj'rk] i`- 39½ • cgw ds dkeksa esa ehues[k fudkyrh jgrh FkhA ¼cgw&csVh] i`- 22½ foosP; —fr esa ys[kd us ;g Hkh n'kkZ;k gS fd nfyr f'kf{kr gksdj • eqlhcr dk igkM+ VwV iM+kA ¼cgw&csVh] i`- 22½ fdlh dk;kZy; esa NksVh&eksVh ukSdjh dj jgs gSAa ,d rjg ls dgk • bathfu;j lkgc us vius eq¡g ij rekps dk çgkj eglwl fd;kA tk, rks nfyr Hkh tkx`r gks pqds gSAa ¼vk/kkj f'kyk] i`- 23½ varr% ;g dgk tk ldrk gS fd ^VwVrs laokn* esa laxgz hr y?kqdFkkvksa • ijkftr Bsdns kj mYVs ik¡o muds caxys ls ykSV vk;kA ¼vk/kkj esa ds-,l- rwQku us ukeksa ds rn~Hkohdj.k dks c[kwch n'kkZ;k gSA f'kyk] i`- 23½ y?kqdFkkvksa esa thoarrk vkSj lgt çokge;rk ykus ds fy, ns'kt • laxkz e flag us viuh ew¡Nksa ij rko nsrs gq, jkscnkj vkokt esa dgk- 'kCnkoyh dk ç;ksx fd;k gSA ,dk/k y?kqdFkkvksa esa xkyh@vi'kCn --¼?kj dh eqxhZ] i`- 25½ dk Hkh ç;ksx fd;k gS tks lekt esa çpfyr Hkk"kk dk ,d çeq[k • mlds eq¡g ij gokb;k¡ mM+ jgh FkhA ¼vcyk] i`- 28½ fgLlk gSA eqgkojs vkSj yksdksfä;ksa dk Hkh lVhd ç;ksx fd;k x;k • v'kksd ds ân; ij xgjk vk?kkr yxkA ¼i'pkrki ds vk¡l]w i`- 29½ gSA • ge yksxksa dk rks /ka/kk gh pkSiV gks tk,A ¼dle cny ;kj] i`- 45½ lanHkZ 1- fnyhi flag] ^Hkk"kk dh ltZukRedrk*] Hkk"kk dk lalkj] i`- 27 • rsjs eq¡g esa ?kh&'kDdj ¼dle cny ;kj] i`- 46½ 2- fi;w"k dqekj JhokLro] fnyhi flag] êkul esa uke fu/kkZj.k*] lzoafr] Qjojh 2013] i`- 6 • mls ns[krs gh iyd >idrs le> xbZ fd vkus okyk u;k iaNh gSA 3- ds- ,l- rwQku] lQkbZ dk ujd] i`- 28 ¼lkftank] i`- 49½ jk"VªHkk"kk ds fcuk vktknh csdkj gSA • jkeyky dh vk¡[kksa esa [kwu mrj vk;kA ¼vNwr ikuh] i`- 52½ • eq¡g igys gh ihyk iM+ pqdk FkkA ¼lkftank] i`- 49½ &vouhaædqekj fo|kyadkj • g¡lh dk QOokjk QV iM+kA ¼foo'krk] i`- 81½ fganh dk dke ns'k dk dke gS] lewps jk"VªfuekZ.k dk ç'u • ifr&iRuh ds psgjksa ij gokb;k¡ mM+us yxh vkSj os ,d&nwljs dk gSA eq¡g rkdus yxsA ¼caVokjk] i`- 87½ &ckcwjke lDlsuk • lalkj flag ds xzke ds nwljs Bkdqj ,oa xzke lHkk ç/kku çrki flag QwVh vk¡[k Hkh lqgkrs FksA ¼eafnj dh Nk¡o] i`- 89½ leLr Hkkjrh; Hkk"kkvksa ds fy, ;fn dksbZ ,d fyfi • vius ân; ij iRFkj j[kdj mUgksua s lalkj flag dks eafnj fuekZ.k vko';d gks rks og nsoukxjh gh gks ldrh gSA dh vuqefr ns nhA ¼eafnj dh Nk¡o] i`- 90½ &¼tfLVl½ —".kLokeh v¸;j • viuh ;kstuk /kwy&/kwlfjr gksrh vuqHko gqbAZ ¼eafnj dh Nk¡o] i`fganh dk ikS/kk nf{k.kokyksa us R;kx ls lhapk gSA 89½ • iqfyl mlds ladrs ksa ij u`R; djrh FkhA ¼ijaijk dk var] i`- 91½ &'kadjjko dIihdsjh ifjys[k 'kks/k lanHkZ ¼bZif=dk½

vad&1 % tuojh] 2017

ISSN Applied

izos'kkad

^;gk¡ forLrk cgrh gS* dk ikB fo”ys’k.k % lekarjrk vkSj fopyu dk lanHkZ & th- laxhrk izLrqr vkys[k esa izfrf’Br dFkkdkj pand z kark —r miU;kl *;gk¡ forLrk cgrh gS* dk ikB&fo'ys’k.k lekarjrk vkSj fopyu tSls nks egRoiw.kZ 'kSyh oSKkfud izfrekuksa ds vkèkkj ij fd;k tk jgk gSA lekarjrk lekarjrk ds Lrj ij ;fn ns[kk tk; rks ^;gk¡ forLrk cgrh gS* esa /ofu] 'kCn] :i] okD;] vFkZ vkfn lHkh Lrjksa ij i;kZIr ek=k esa lekarjrk gSA lerk vkSj fojks/k ds vk/kkj ij lekarjrk ds nks Hksn fd, tk ldrs gS& a lerkewyd rFkk fojks/k ewydA ^;gk¡ forLrk cgrh gS* esa ;g nksuksa izdkj dh lekarjrk feyrh gSA ¼v½ /ofu Lrjh; lekarjrk ^^vkfn /ofu dh iqu#fDr izk;% lHkh Hkk"kkvksa ds lkfgR; esa feyrh gSA**1 dkO; esa blds iz;ksx ls dfork dh lqna jrk c<+h gS ij x| lkfgR; esa Hkh bldk iz;ksx feyrk gSA /ouh; lekarjrk ds dqN mnkgj.k fuEufyf[kr gS& a ¼1½ d&D;ksfa d os Ldwy dkWyt s tkus dh ftn esa [kkuk ihuk NksMr+ s vkSj ?kj ls Hkkxus rd dh /kefd;k¡ nsus yxs gSAa 2 ¼2½ p N t >& ysfdu ;g pkykdh ckcyky ds lkFk rks pyus okyh u FkhA ,d ckj dqN 'kd iM+ x;k mUgsa rks tusÅ ns[k fy;kA lw[kk pVdA cl fQj D;k Fkk] mls nqckjk ?kkV ij gM+dk fn;k gw¡A esjh fcYyh eq>h ls E;kÅ¡A3 ¼3½ c& mls ek¡ dh fcekjh dh ckr rks jktukFk [kqn crk x, FksA4 ¼4½ c& lksp esa Mwcs jktukFk us ml jkr cPpksa dh iydsa pweh vkSj ckj&ckj [kqyrh vkil esa Vdjkrh f[kM+fd;ksa ds iYys can djus mBsA5 ¼5½ c& vc 'kjhQ vkneh yM+ds dk glc&ulc Hkh rks ns[ksxkA ;k ;ksa gh vk¡[k dku can dj dq¡, esa <dsy ns csVh dksA6 ¼6½ n& ukrs fj'rsnkjksa vkSj ;kj nksLrksa ds lkFk ysdj pyus dk ?kj okys blds vkfn gks x,A7 ¼7½ n& ,d fnu n¶rj ls tYnh ?kj ykSVs rks njokts ij nLrd iM+hA8 ¼8½ e& mUgksua s deZdkaMks]a tUe&ej.k] R;ksgjksa vkSj ioksaZ ij gksus okyh fof'k"V iwtk vkSj ea=ksa ds dSlVs fjdkMZ djok,] iqLrdsa izdkf'kr djokbZA9 ¼9½ e& ';keHkkbZ vius bnZ&fxnZ efgyk&eaMy dks eaMjkrk ikrs vkSj uje&uje idokuksa dk lsou djrsA10 ¼10½ u& mudk 'kkguk <ax jgu&lgu] [kku&iku vkSj lksp] ysfdu muds pkSrjQk ;g fNNsjkiu 'kksj 'kjkck dSlk yxrk gS mUgsa b/kj \**11 ¼11½ u& gj ckr esa dksbZ u dksbZ uwu&uqDrk vkSj uqDl fudkyus ifjys[k 'kks/k lanHkZ ¼bZif=dk½

dhA12 ¼12½ u& eu dh ;g dSlh meM+u tks u ik= ns[krh gS u okrkoj.k u o; u oDr13 ¼13½ u& ?kj esa vu'ku gqvk jksus ihVus dh ukScr vk xbZA14 ¼14½ u& eu esa yksHk rks bruk ugha ftruk dh vius ifrnso ij vfo'okl gS fdrus mnkj foosdoku yM+ds okys gSa tks uaxh cqPph yM+dh dks 'kksd ls cgq cuk,¡A15 ¼14½ u& ysfdu jktukFk iq#"k Fks] vkSjrksa dh rjg jksuk foyki djuk mUgsa lksgrk ughaA jktukFk xkSjh dks lkaRouk nsrs jgsA16 ¼16½ u& fQj ,d ckj iRuh cudj L=h ,slk u;k Hkh dqN jg ugha tkrk ftls tkuus dh ftKklk cuh jgsA ifr&iRuh ds lac/a k dks fo}kutu Hkh fuHkkusokyk fj'rk gh ekurs FksA lgpj dk ukrk gksdj Hkh muesa lkeatL; gSA ';keHkkbZ ds dFkkuqlkj l`f"V dh jpuk ds cknA17 ¼17½ u& tehu ds ftu VqdM+kas ds fy, I;kj ck¡Vus okys Lusgh tu dksVZ dpgjh djus dks rS;kj gks tkrs gSa mUgsa vkf[kj ;gh NksM+uk iM+rk gSA18 ¼18½ u& geus rks viuk /kkfeZd o uSfrd nkf;Ro fuHkk;kA19 ¼19½ u& furkar futh t:jrsa ftUgsa xkSjh ds jgrs le>us Hkh tger u mBkbZ FkhA20 ¼20½ y& D;ksfa d yksx eqnkz ds ykyp esa tky Mky tydj mUgsa canh cukrs gSAa 21 ¼21½ o& eu dh ;g dSlh mMku tks u ik= ns[krh gS u okrkoj.k u o; u oDrA22 ¼22½ l& ml lh/kh lh L=h ds lkeus oks vius lh/ksiu ds dkj.k vDlj fj'rs dh uun nsojkfu;k¡ rd esa migkl dh ik= cuk yh tkrhA23 ¼vk½ 'kCn Lrjh; lekarjrk ekSr T;ksa igjsnkjh ls Hk; [kkrh gksA rc rks bl jktdqekj ¼1½ ekSr&ekS dh ekSr dHkh u gksrh tks gok can 'kh”kegy esa blfy, fVdk;k x;k dh ekSr dHkh jU/kz ls ?kj esa izo's k u dj ik,A24 ¼2½ 'kqØ ijojfnxkj& tks ekyokgd tgkt Mwcus ij vk¡[k can ”kqØ ijojfnxkj cksyk Fkk vkSj [kqn eky lesr tgkt djds ^^”kq ldq”ky ykSVus dh [kcj ikdj Hkh can vk¡[k djds 'kqØ ijojfnxkj gh cksyk FkkA25 ¼3½ lq[k nq%[k& ;kuh fd vk¡[k can dj vius eu dh ;kn ik yh Fkh fd lq[k nq%[k nksuksa fLFkfr;ksa esa mldk eu papy ugha gqvk] Mksyk ugha lq[k vkSj nq%[k dks leku :i ls ogu djusokys Fks ;k de ls de ml fLFkfr rd igq¡pus dh dksf'k'k djusokys Fks jkt HkkbZA26 ¼4½ lquuk@vulquk&bl dku ls lqu ml dku fudky fn;k djksA og lqudj vulquk Hkh dj ysrhA27 ¼5½ tkuk&ml izes dh fu;fr gS c¡V tkuk vkSj 'kk;n vusd ik=ksa esa vusd :iksa esa ^^fc[kj tkuk tkuk**A bls ^^jp tkuk tkuk** dgrs gS]a viuk izdV :i [kksdj u, jax esa vkdj ikuk] esgna h dh rjgA mls rqe ej tkuk D;ksa le>rh gksA28 ¼6½ lq?kM+k@lq?kjkbZ&viuh cgqjkuh dks gh ns[kks] vui<+ yM+dh esa lq?kjkbZA29 bruh lq?kjkbZ gksrh\ ckr djus dk lyhdk lkQ lkQ&lq ¼b½ fojks/kewyd lekarjrk 1- ;g lc rks gS ;gk¡ fcyk'kqcg] ij lkFk gh dqN vkSj Hkh gS ftl ij utkjk ns[krs utj tk, rks yxs T;ksa xqM+ [kkrs ued dh Myh

vad&1 % tuojh] 2017

ISSN Applied

izos'kkad 15 30 eq¡g esa pyh xbZA 13-cq[kkj esa rirs ekFks vkSj 'khr ls dk¡irs 'kjhj ls iLr cM+h xqM+ [kkus vkftth ds lkFk cPpksa ls euqgkj djus yxsA42 ¼;gk¡ rirs vkSj dk¡irs & mi;qDZ r fojks/kewyd okD; esa ;g crk;k x;k gS fd&xq ls eq¡g ehBk gksrk gS vkSj fny [kq'k gksrk gS ij ;gk¡ ,slk gqvk fd esa fojks/kh lekarjrk gS½ ued dh Myh eq¡g esa pyh xbZ vkSj lkjk etk [kjkc gks x;kA 14-;g fj'rk gh ,slk Fkk] tgk¡ lkFk jguk gS rks lgus dh 'krZ ds 2- os mu yksxksa ls FkksMh+ nwj gh jguk ilan djrs tks nwljksa ds xe lkFk ugha rks vyx gksuk gS fcuk 'krZA43 ¼;gk¡ ^lkFk jguk* ds esa nl dke NksMd + j gk;&gk; djrs pys vkrs ij nwljksa dh [kq'kh lekarj ^vyx gksuk* rFkk ^'krZ ds lkFk* lekarj ^fcuk'krZ* dk iz;ksx ns[kdj lhus ij lk¡i yksVrk eglwl djrsA31 fojks/kh lekrajrk dk n~;ksrd gS½ & xe vkSj [kq'kh ds fojks/kewyd lekarjrk iz;ksx ds lkFk gh fojks/kewyd lekarjrk ls ;qDr dqN vU; okD; ;gk¡ n`"VO; gSAa gk;&gk; djrs pys vkrs vkSj lhus ij lk¡i yksVrk eglwlus esa tSl& s fojks/kh lekarjrk gSA 1- os tkurs gSa fd ftanxh rks lgh&xyr lgh&xyr] vPNk&cqjk lc dqN gS 3- eu djrk vksy iksy [kksy gS] ij fdls <ds vkneh fdls m?kkM+s ij pquko vkidk viuk gS] lgh xyr ds chp44 \32 2- xq#tuksa us jkek;.k vkSj egkHkkjr ds izlx a mn~/k‘r fd,] ;”k&vi;”k] gkfu&ykHk] thou&ej.k] fojg&feyu &<aduk vkSj m?kkM+uk ds iz;ksx esa fojks/kewyd lekarjrk gSA fojg&feyuA ;g lc rks 4- njvly lfefr esa dbZ rjg ds yksx Fks ftuesa yksx dke de fof/k ds gkFk gSA blesa gekjk D;k o'k45 ¼;gk¡ lgh@xyr] vPNk@cqjk] djrs vkSj ;”k T;knk dekus ds fopkj esa bl laLFkk esa 'kkfey gq, ;'k@vi;'k] gkfu@ykHk] thou@ej.k] fojg@feyu bu }a}kRed FksA33 iz;ksx esa fojks/kh lekarjrk nz”VO; gSA½ ¼bZ½ vFkZ Lrjh; lekarjrk vkSj lgiz;ksx &dke de vkSj ;'k T;knk esa fojks/kh lekarjrk gSA 5- iqjkru dks ,d fcekjh dh rjg NksMu+ k ugha gksrk] ij lkFk esa 1- og lkeus ns[k jgs gSa u vki\ og iapeaftyk ckjknfj;ksa okyk uohurk dk Hkh lekos’k gksuk pkfg,A ,slh uohurk tks iqjkru dk edku edku] ftldh f[kM+fd;ksa ij /kwi ikuh ls cnjax dbZ Hkkjh fpdsa >wy 34 ueu djrh gqbZ fujarjrk ls tqMh+ jgsA jgh gSAa edku D;k dksBh gS lkgc! forLrk ds fdukjs tkyhnkj &iqjkru@uohurk rFkk NksMu+ k@tqMh+ jguk esa fojks/kh lekarjrk tkQfj;ksa ls ltk ;g Hkou fdlh tekus esa fdruk ‘kkunkj jgk gSA gksxk] lksp ldrs gSa vki\ vc ekSll dh ekj us nkx&/kCcs fn, rks 6- fuR;kuan nj rks tkxhjnkj jgs ,d tekus es]a ij vc rks oks D;k D;k\ og dgrs gSa u fd [kaMgj crkrs gSa bekjr dHkh cqyna FkhA46 dgsa fd pknj bruh NksVh gks xbZ fd flj ds Åij [khaps rks iSj uaxs ¼;gk¡] edku] dksBh] Hkou] [kaMgj vkSj bekjr ,d gh iz;ksx ds 'kCn gks tk;s vkSj ik¡o <ds rks flj m?kM+k jg tk;A35 gSa rFkk vFkZ ds Lrj ij lekarj gSA½ 7- cs'kd nk;s& a ck;sa cPps v/klks;s&v/ktxs vk¡[k eyrs va/ksjs esa ?kwjrs 2- vkdka{kk,¡ vkSj egRodka{kk,¡ Å¡ps vkdk'k lh csvra gksrh gSAa cPps] jgrs gSAa 36 cw<]s+ fo}ku] vui<+ lHkh viuh viuh vkdka{kkvksa ds f'kdkj gksrs gS]a &nk,¡@ck,¡ rFkk v/klks,@v/ktxs&nksuksa iz;ksx fojks/kh lekara jrk 'kk;n bPNk,¡ gnsa ugha tkurhA dqN vkdka{kk,¡ xkSjh dks Hkh jgh dks iq”V djrs gSAa gksxh xksfd mldh reke le> esa vkus okyh t:jrsa jktukFk dks 8- xkSjh dh nsg lkFk u ns ikbZ vkSj ,d ckj 'kjhj us lkFk NksM+ fn;k iwjh djuh Fkh vkSj cjkcj mldh lq[k&lqfo/kk dk /;ku j[kk djrs rks eu Hkh dqEgykus yxk] xksfd izR;{k dkj.k u Fks] ij D;k ;g lp FksA fQj Hkh dqN jgk gksxk tks viw.kZ jgk] v/kwjk jgk] iw.kZrk dh pkg ugha fd thou esa izR;{k ls T;knk vizR;{k gkjrk gSA vizR;{k tks djus okys vDlj bl lR; dks Hkwy tk;k djrs gSa fd iw.kZrk fdlh [kwu esa feydj dSl a j ds dhVk.kqvksa lk QSyrk gS vkSj thou dh Hkh lac/a k esa ugha gksrh vkSj Hkwy muds nq%[kksa dk ewy dkj.k cu tkrh ÅtkZ dks lks[k ysrk gS] ogh vizR;{k xkSjh ds thou esa Hkh ?kVrk gSA47 ¼;gk¡ vkdka{kk@bPNk@egRodka{kk lekukFkhZ 'kCnksa ds lekarkj x;kA37 ¼izR;{k@vizR;{k fojks/kewyd lekarjrk gSA½ iz;ksx dks n'kkZrs gSaA cPps@cw<+s@fo}ku@vui<+@iwjk@v/kwjk] 9- ;kfu fd ru dh Hkkxhnkjh ds lkFk eu dh lk>snkjh tks ml viw.kZ@iw.kZ esa fofHkUu 'kCn lekarjrk gSA½ le; dh v/kZf”kf{kr ;k lk/kkj.k v{kj Kkuokyh vkSjrksa ds fy, 3- ;gk¡ Hkh viuh mu getksyhh] lf[k;ksa vkSj lafxfu;ksa ls vyx vkdk'k ds pk¡n dks ikus dh dkeuk djukA38 ¼;gk¡ ru@eu vkSj v/ gSA48 ¼lgiz;Dq r getksyh@l[kh@lafxuh lekuFkhZ vkSj lekarfjr kZf'kf{kr@Kkuokyh esa fojks/kewyd rks Hkkxhnkjh@lk>snkjh esa lerkewyd iz;ksx gS½ lekarjrk gSA½ 4- ijarq mu fnuksa cgq¡, ykt&g;k ds insZ esa viuh bTtr&vkc: [kqys fnekxokyk Lusfgy O;fDr] nwljksa dks lq[k&lqfo/kk eqg;S k ds lkFk ifr dh detksfj;k¡&ykpkfj;k¡ Hkh <drh FkhA49 ¼lgiz;ksx 10-[kq djkus ds ckotwn Lo;a raxgkyh o d”V lgus dks vfHk'kIr D;ksa gks ykt&g;k] bTtr&vkc:] detksjh&ykpkjh esa vFkZ Lrjh; lekarjrk tkrk gSA39 ¼^[kqy*s ds lkFk ^rax* rFkk lq[k&lqfo/kk ds lkFk ^d"V* dk gSA½ iz;ksx vdFkuh; fojks/kh lekarjrk dh l`f"V djrk gS½ 5- bls vki f=;k&pfj= dfg, ukjh izip a ] L=h&gB ;k iw.kZrk dh 11-ogh Hkknks ekl tks ,d ckj mlds la;ksx dk lk{kh cuk ogh I;kl] gesa dksbZ gtZ ughaA50 ¼f=;k pfj=@ukjh izip a @L=h gB esa 40 muds fpj&fo;ksx dk Hkh xokg cudj vk x;kA ¼la;ksx@fo;ksx vFkZ Lrjh; lerkewyd lekarjrk gSA½ esa fojks/kh lekarjrk rFkk lk{kh@xokg esa lerkewyd lekarjrk gSA½ ¼m½ ;qXe 'kCnksa dh vFkZ Lrjh; lekarjrk lq[k esa lk>hnkj cukus okyk jktukFk nq%[k esa ges'kk vdsyk 1- fygkt&'keZ % lqHknzk rks eq¡g Hkh u [kksyrh] pqipki lgs tkrh] 12-lq vfMx jgkA41 ,slk fygkt] ,slh 'keZ] eSua s rks fdlh nwljh vkSjr esa u ns[khA51 ¼lq[k@nq%[k rFkk lk>hnkj@vdsyk esa nksuksa iz;ksx fojks/kewyd 2- fpj&ifjfpr% ysfdu jktukFk fpj&ifjfpr dh rjg mlls feys lekarjrk ls ;qDr gS½ FksA52 ifjys[k 'kks/k lanHkZ ¼bZif=dk½

vad&1 % tuojh] 2017

ISSN Applied

izos'kkad 16 3- lh[k&mins'k % jktukFk rhl&cÙkhl dh mez ik x, FksA lgh&xyr fdlh 'kCn] in ;k okD;ka'k dks okD; ds vkjaHk vFkok var esa j[k uQk&uqdlku dh le> ik x, FksA vkSj nwljksa dks lh[k&mins'k fn;k gSA bl izdkj ds fopyu dk iz;ksx mUgksua s tgk¡ Hkh fd;k gS] nsus ds gdnkj Hkh cu x, FksA53 og ml Hkko] dFku ;k fo"k; fo'ks"k ij vfrfjDr cy nsus ds fy, 4- ukSdj&pkdjksa % ij jktukFk ,d rks ru dj [kM+s gks x,] lks gh fd;k gSA lef>, pV~Vku cu x, ?kj esa cM+s cw<k+ as ukSdjks& a pkdjksa rd dks ¼ii½½ viw.kZ okD; 54 fgnk;r nh FkhA foosP; miU;kl esa okD; Lrjh; fopyu dk iz;ksx viw.kZ okD; 5- etkd&e[kkSy % xkSjh ckn esa le> xbZ fd etkd&e[kkSy dk jpuk ds :i esa Hkh ns[kus dks feyrk gSA ,slk djds ysf[kdk us vf/kdkj mUgsa gSa D;ksfa d os xkSjh ls igys C;kg dj vkbZ gSA55 dFku esa vfrfjDr vkd"kZ.k] ftKklk vkSj jgL; dk rks lekos'k 6- rkus&fr'us % ;ksa xkSjh dh lgu'kfDr Hkh xtc dh FkhA ?kj ds gh fd;k gh gS] dfri; LFkyksa ij viw.kZ okD; Hkko&rhozrk ds Hkh dkjd rkus&fr'us lqurs og dqN vknh Hkh gks xbZ FkhA56 ds :i esa lkeus vk, gSAa foosP; —fr esa miyC/k dfri; viw.kZ 7- eku&lEeku % vth] ued dk gd vnk djs muds xksM+ nckdj okD;ksa dks fopyu ds mnkgj.k ds :i esa ns[kk tk ldrk gSA gesa D;k ysuk&nsukA geus rks vius eku&lEeku dh [kkfrj 1- mlesa rks ek¡ cuus dh laHkkouk,¡ Fkh rHkh rksA63 jktk&egkjktk ds vkxs flj ugha >qdk;kA57 2- tc thou lkFkh gksus dk nkok djrs gSa rksA64 O;kdj.k ds Lrj ij fopyu 3- vius cSBd[kkus esa cSB] Q'khZ ij gqDds ds d'k [khaprs] os cPpksa dks Hkk"kk ds ekud ;k O;kdj.k&lEer :i dks Hkax djus dks ^fopyu* viuh utjksa ds ikl lqykrs f[kykrsA65 ;k ^fMfo,'ku* dgrs gSAa Hkk"kk dks lksnn~ 's ; rksMu+ & s ejksMu+ s ls mldh 4- og ckr rks Bhd gS exj66 l`tukRedrk c<+ tkrh gS vkSj bl izdkj dFku T;knk izHkkoksRiknd 5- xkSjh cp tkrh! vxj -------67 vkSj l”kDr cu tkrk gSA ekud Hkk"kk esa dqN ifjorZu ykdj dqN vFkZ ds Lrj ij fopyu 'kCnksa ds LFkku ifjorZu dj fdlh okD; esa jkspdrk ykbZ tkrh gS] foosP; miU;kl esa ysf[kdk pand z kark us vFkZ ds Lrj ij vusd LFkkuksa lh/ks&lh/ks okD; esa Hkh gkL;] O;aX; mRiUu fd;k tkrk gSA ;gk¡ ge ij fopyu dk iz;ksx fd;k gSA dfri; mnkgj.k n`"VO; gSa & ns[ksx a s fd foosP; miU;kl ^;gk¡ forLrk cgrh gS* esa ysf[kdk us bl 1- rih gqbZ /kjrh ij T;ksa BaMh Qqgkj iM+h gksA xkSjh dh vk¡[kksa esa 'kSyh; izfreku dk mi;ksx dj fdl izdkj Hkkf"kd lkSna ;Z esa o`f) dh fdlh vkdka{kk dk vDl gks] fdlh vcksy vkdka{kk dh eq[kj Loh— gSA fr68 ¼i½½ okD; lajpuk esa ifjorZu & ;gk¡ izFke okD; esa mRiz{s kk dk mi;ksx fd;k gS tks lkekU; dFku ^;gk¡ forLrk cgrh gS* esa fopyu dk iz;ksx ekud okD; lajpuk esa ls fopfyr iz;ksx gSA vkxs vkdka{kk dk vDl Hkh fopfyr iz;ksx gS ifjorZu ds :i esa vusd LFkyksa ij miyC/k gksrk gSA tSls & D;ksfa d ^vkdka{kk* vewrZ gS mldk vDl ugha gks ldrkA blds ¼1½ lw;ksnZ ; ls igys thfB;kj ds eafnj tkrh Fkh ehyksa pydjA58 vfrfjDr vcksy vkSj eq[kj esa fojks/kh lekarjrk gSA & ;gk¡ bl okD; dks bl izdkj Hkh dgk tk ldrk Fkk fd og ehyksa 2- lqHknzk 'kkar Fkh] forLrk dh rjg fu%lax cksf/klRo dh rjg pydj lw;ksnZ ; ls igys thfB;kj ds eafnj tkrh FkhA ijarq ysf[kdk fu’dke cgqr Å¡ph fQj Hkh cgqr ikl] jktukFk us ml oDr D;k us ^ehyksa pydj* dks okD; ds var esa j[kk gS ftlds dkj.k ml va'k [kqn dks mlds lkeus ckSuk eglwl u fd;k gksxk\69 ij cy c<+ x;k gSA & mi;qDZ r m)j.k esa ^dh rjg* dk iz;ksx lqHknzk dh rqyuk forLrk ¼2½ gekjh ?kjokyh dg jgh Fkh] mls gkjh ioZr esa ns[kk dbZ ckjA59 ls vkSj fu%lax cksfèklRo ls djrk gSA Å¡ph oLrq dks nwj gksuk pkfg, & ;gk¡ Hkh ^dbZ ckj* ij cy nsus ds fy, ekud okD; jpuk dks ^;gk¡ ikl* gS vr% fopyu gS ^D;k* dk iz;ksx iz'uokph ds lkFk&lkFk rksMd + j mls okD;kar esa j[kk x;kA rqyukRed Hkh gSA ¼3½ ^fQj ml jkr dgj dh BaM Fkh] gkM fijk nsus okyhA60 3- gjs pkjkxkgksa esa Msth ds ihys lQsn Qwy mpd mpddj Hkki & ;gk¡ dgj dh BaM ds fo'ks"k.k ^gkM fijk nsuos kyh* dks var esa vkSj ikuh esa ?kqyrh cQZ vkSj vkleku ds cknyksa ds curs fcxM+rs j[kdj ekuks fd BaM c<+k nh xbZ gSA psgjksa dks mRlqd vk¡[ksa [kksy ns[krs >weus yxs FksA70 ¼4½ dgrs Fks igys&igys jktukFk] fojks/k Fkk] ,e-,-] ih,p-Mh ih,p-Mh- dh &;gk¡ Msth ds Qwy dk ^mpd mpd dj mRlqd vk¡[ksa [kksy ns[kuk] fMxzh tks Fkh gkFk esaA61 >weuk] fopfyr iz;ksx gSa D;ksfa d Qwyksa ds vk¡[ksa ugha gksrhA ;g & ;gk¡ ^dgrs Fks* dks okD; ds vkajHk esa j[kk x;k gS ftlds dkj.k vkyadkfjd o.kZu fopyu dk lqna j mnkgj.k gSA jktukFk }kjk fojkèk fd, tkus ij cy c<+ x;k gSA blh izdkj 4- NksVh NksVh ckrksa ds ckn jktukFk us ,d cM+h ckr dg nh Fkh f}rh; miokD; esa ^gkFk es*a dks var esa j[kk x;k gS ftlds dkj.k ^^xkSjh] esjs ?kj pyksxh\**71 dFku esa gydk lk O;aX; dk iqV vk x;k gSA &;gk¡ ^NksVh vkSj ^cM+h* ds lekarfjr iz;ksx ls okD; esa 'kSyh; lkSna ;Z ¼5½ ^^^yYyks pIiks gels vius vQljksa dh ugha gqbZ Hkys iwNks eqgYys dh o`f) gqbZ gSA bls fojks/k dk n`"Vkar ekuk tk ldrk gSA esa th pkgs ftlls Hkh**62 5- gj ckr esa Vk¡x vM+krh gS ;g&pqUuh] fpfM+;k dh Vk¡x ftruhA72 mi;qDZ r m)j.k esa eqgYys esa ftlls Hkh th pkgs iwNks ;g dgus ds &;gk¡ dbZ 'kSyh; mnkgj.kksa dk leUo; gS tSls ^Vk¡x vM+kuk* LFkku ij ftlls Hkh dk okD; ds var esa iz;ksx fd;k x;k gS blls eqgkojk gS rks ^fpfM+;k dh Vk¡x ftruh* ls rqyuk lkFk gh ^pqUuh* dk ckr ij otu iM+rk gSA lacfa /kr ik= fdlh dh pepkfxjh ugha vkjaHk ds ctk; okD; ds e/; esa iz;ksx fd;k x;k vkSj mlds djrsA fo'ks"k.k dk var esa ;g fopfyr okD; jpuk dk [kh> vkSj Øks/k dks bl izdkj ds vusd mnkgj.k foosP; miU;kl esa izkIr gksrs gSa tgk¡ vxziLz rqr dj jgk gSA ysf[kdk us ekud okD; jpuk ds O;kdj.k dk vfrØe.k djds 6- dHkh iyVdj cksyh ugha vkt rdA73 ifjys[k 'kks/k lanHkZ ¼bZif=dk½

vad&1 % tuojh] 2017

ISSN Applied

izos'kkad 17 & ;gk¡ ^vkt rd dHkh iyVdj ugha cksyh* dh rqyuk esa foLe;dkjh & eu dh Hkkouk d#.kk dh rqyuk ygjkrh >hy ls dh xbZ gSA izHkko mRiUu djus ds fy, gh vkt rd dks var esa j[kk x;k gSA 11- eerkyq lklksa dh eerk diwj lh mM+ tkrh Fkh FkhA84 74 7- dqN Hkh dgs dksb]Z jktukFk ,slksa esa 'kqekj ughaA & lklksa dh eerk dks diwj dh rjg mM+uk crk;k x;k gSA &;gk¡ ^dksb*Z dks okD;ka'k esa ys tk;k x;k gS vkSj ^dqN Hkh* dks vkjaHk 12- mlus fdrus lqna j cPps fn, mudksA Qwy tSls nks csVsA85 esa j[k fn;k x;k gSAa blls foosfpr okD; jpuk dk izHkko ;g gqvk & ;gk¡ cPpksa dh rqyuk lqna j Qwyksa ls dh xbZ gSA gS fd ^dqN Hkh* esa O;atdrk vk xbZ gS vFkkZr jktukFk dks bldh 13- fnu&izfrfnu cQZ ds Mys lh xyrh nsg dks jktukFk ek;ds rfud Hkh fpark ugha fd fdl&fdl izdkj dh fVIif.k;k¡ yksx djrs NksM+ vk,A86 gSAa & ;gk¡ nsg ds xyus dh rqyuk cQZ dh rjg fi?kyus ls dh xbZ gSA ¼i½½ vizLrqr fo/kku 14- jktukFk ml jkr ftanxh dks ekse dh rjg ?kqyrs ns[krs jgsA87 foosP; miU;kl esa vizLrqr fo/kku vFkok lkn`'; ;kstuk dh lgtrk & ;gk¡ ftanxh ds [kRe gksrs {k.kksa dh rqyuk ekse dh rjg ?kqyus ls esa vFkZLrjh; fopyu ds vusd mnkgj.k miyC/k gSAa tSls & dh xbZ gSA 1- ;g rks eSua s ns[kk fd panq ds tUers gh mls tkuysok jksx yx mi;qDZ r lHkh dkO;kRedrk ls ;qDr izrhr gksus okys dFkuksa esa x;kA fnu&fnu nsg cQZ ds Mys&lh ?kqyrh xbZA75 ysf[kdk us vizLrqr ;kstuk dh lgtrk ls Hkkf"kd lkSna ;Z mRiUu & bls bl izdkj Hkh dgk tk ldrk Fkk fd fnu ij fnu og jksx fd;k gS tks oLrqr% lkekU; Hkk"kk dh rqyuk esa fopfyr Hkk"kk iz;ksx ds dkj.k detksj iM+rh xbZA ijarq ;gk¡ nsg xyus dh rqyuk cQZ dh gSA ¼ii½½ vlkekU; dFku Myh&lh ?kqyus ls dh xbZ gSA 2- nhukukFk rks gqDds dh u; mBkdj ml ij nks pkj okj djus vFkZLrjh; fopyu dh n`f"V ls foosP; miU;kl esa vusd LFkyksa ij okyk gh Fkk] iV~Bk muds bjkns lw?a kdj rhj dh rjg fudy vklkekU; dFku izkIr gksrs gSa tks lkekU; Hkk"kk dh rqyuk esa fopfyr Hkkxk HkkxkA76 vkSj foosP; gSA ;Fkk& & fudy Hkkxus dks O;atukiw.kZ cukus ds fy, ^rhj dh rjg* dk 1- vgjcky dh dksbZ Hkkjh pV~Vku T;ksa flj ij fxjdj lewps iz;ksx vkd"kZd cu iM+k gSA ^bjkns lw?a kus* esa Hkh dFkuxr vlkekU;rk vfLrRo dks dqpy Mkys] cQhZyh pksfV;ksa ls rirh utjsa lgykus dk gSA vr% ;g okD; nqgjs fopyu dk mnkgj.k gSA lqduw ugha feyrkA88 3- rjd'k ls NwVs rhjksa lh ckSNkjsa dejs ds Hkhrj ?kql vkbZA 2- igkM+kas ds 'kh’kZ ij cQZ dk rgsa ¼fi?kydj½ 'k¶Qkd /kkjksa esa & ;gk¡ ckjh'k dh ckSNkjksa ds dejs ds Hkhrj vkus dh rqyuk rjd'k epydj cgus yxh FkhA BaMh Bl] teh gqbZ Xysf'k;j dh rgsa lw;Z ds ls NwVs rhjksa ls dh xbZ gSA rki ls fi?kyus yxh vkSj ck¡/k rksMd + j cgus yxhA /kjrh dk varl 4- vkx dh yiV lh ;g I;kl mls tykus yxh ----77 gjk gks x;kA gjs pkjkxkgksa us Msth ds ihys lqna j Qwy mpd&mpddj & ;gk¡ rhoz I;kl dh rqyuk vkx dh yiV ls dh xbZ gSA Hkki vkSj ikuh esa ?kqyrh cQZ vkSj vkleku ds cknyksa ds curs 5- D;k lHkh rjg ds lq[k ikdj Hkh og ekr`Ro ds lq[k ls oafpr fcxM+rs psgjksa dks mRlqd vk¡[k [kksy ns[krs >weus yxs FksA89 caè;k /kjrh dh rjg fc;koku gh cuh jgsxhA jsrhyh vuqojZ k èkjrh kjrhA78 3- cspkjs dh lkSry s h ek¡ gSA eqVB~ h Hkj Hkkr ds lkFk nl dM+os cksy 90 & ;gk¡ L=h ds ck¡>iu dh rqyuk ca/;k] fc;koku rFkk jsrhyh vuqojZ k f[kykrh gSA /kjrh ls dh xbZ gSA 4- mRlkgh lekt lq/kkjd Hkh mlesa 'kkfey Fks tks v[kckjksa dh 6- iDds vacjh lsoksa esa iM+s dhM+s tSls Hkhrj gh Hkhrj Qy dks lqf[kZ;ksa esa Nius dh [kkfrj gok esa ryokjsa Hkk¡trs gSAa 91 [kks[kyk dj nsrs gS]a oSlh gh Hkjh tokuh esa ihyh] tnZ iM+h chekj 5- ukfne lkgc us Hkh vkSjrksa ds fnekx dks de gok u nhA92 ;qofr;k¡A79 6- og dksbZ yqxkbZ gS fd dksbZ Nw Hkj ys rks twBh gks tk; \93 & ;gk¡ chekj ;qofr;ksa dh rqyuk dhM+s iM+s Qyksa ls dh xbZ gSA 7- bl chp uwjh vius dqDdM&dqDdfM;ksa dks gM+dk nsrh gS f'k% f'k% 7- mez ds leanj esa Le`fr;ksa ds tky Mkyrh os volj uhyh lqugyh ns[kks] b/kj gh ejus vkrs gSa ----94 eksfr;ksa okyh jax&fcjaxh eNfy;k¡ idM+us esa e'kxwy jgk djrhA 8- ;g pkSchl ?kaVksa dh p[k&p[k [kVj&iVj eqxoZs kfy;ksa ls ysdj a y q e dh rjg Mksyrk tusÅ/kkfj;ksa rd dh ph[k iqdkj vkSj og ihNs] ft/kj geus ns[kk flj gYds&gYds udkj dh eqnkz esa ?kM+h ds isM jgrk jgrkA80 ugha ra k¡x]s lkbfdy] jsMos kys] fef'kjfj ekd;] vksn: w ; nks n[k ;[kks] & ;gk¡ uk dgus dh eqnkz esa flj fgyk tk, fd ?kM+h ds isM a y q e ls oxSjg& oxSjg dh vuojr vkoktksa chp BV~B ds BV~B yksxksa ls Hkjh rqyuk dh xbZ gSA lM+d vkSj lM+d ds fdukjs ctkt] fdjkuk] yqgkj] nthZ] dqna u 8- ijarq 'kadjyky dh iRuh xq.kh jktukFk ls csgn izHkkfor gqb]Z b=okys vkSj og lqukj dk cPpkA tjk dksbZ yM+dh m>d ds ns[kks le>ks HkDr gh cu xbZ] jk[k esa Hkh gkFk Mkys rks ,dk/k ghjk chudj f[kM+dh >jks[ks ls fd ,dne jcj ds ccq, lk [kM+k gks tk,xkA ys vk, jktHkkbZ vkSj tqcku ,slh ehBh fd ckr djs rks yxs dksbZ vk¡[ksa rks f[kM+fd;ksa ls fpid gh tk,¡xhA95 ve`r mMsy jgk gks dku esaA81 mi;qDZ r m)j.kksa esa dqN fopfyr Hkk"kk iz;ksxksa ds dkj.k dFkuxr & ;gk¡ jktukFk dh rqyuk Hkxoku ls dh xbZ gSA mudh tqcku dh vlk/kkj.krk ¼;k vlkekU;rk½ fn[kkbZ nsrh gSA tSls & feBkl dh rqyuk ve`r ls dh xbZ gSA 1- lewps vfLrRo dks dqpy MkyukA 9- rkjk ds tgj cq>s cksy lqu xkSjh igys rks vk’p;Z ls mls ns[krh] 2- rirh ut+js lgykus dk lqduw feyukA le>us dh dksf'k'k djrh jghA82 3- /kjrh dk varl gjk gksukA & ;gk¡ opuksa dh rqyuk tgj ekjdrk ls dh xbZ gSA 4- Qwyksa dk vk¡[k [kksy ns[kuk >weukA 10- eu esa d#.kk dh >hy ygjkrh FkhA83 5- Hkkr ds lkFk nl dM+os cksy f[kykukA ifjys[k 'kks/k lanHkZ ¼bZif=dk½

vad&1 % tuojh] 2017

ISSN Applied

izos'kkad 18 43- ogh] i`- 185 6- mRlkgh lekt lq/kkjd dk gok esa ryokjsa Hkk¡tukA 44- ogh] i`- 96 72- ogh] i`- 49 45- ogh] i`- 180 73- ogh] i`- 45 7- vkSjrksa ds fnekx dks gok nsukA 46- ogh] i`- 01 74- ogh] i`- 67 47- ogh] i`- 99 75- ogh] i`- 33 8- yqxkbZ gS fd Nwus ls twBh gks tk;A 48- ogh] i`- 101 76- ogh] i`- 69 9- lq[k dk >ksyh esa u lekukA 49- ogh] i`- 139 77- ogh] i`- 129 50- ogh] i`- 152 78- ogh] i`- 152 10- lq[k dk eqfV~B;ksa ls fQlyukA 51- ogh] i`- 33 79- ogh] i`- 163 52- ogh] i`- 44 80- ogh] i`- 18 11- lq[k dk vaxfq y;ksa ls fjlukA 53- ogh] i`- 42 81- ogh] i`- 32 54- ogh] i`- 54 82- ogh] i`- 60 12- dqdM+ dqdfM+;ksa dks gM+dkukA 55- ogh] i`- 60 83- ogh] i`- 84 56- ogh] i`- 60 84- ogh] i`- 92 13- b/kj gh ejus vkukA 57- ogh] i`- 70 85- ogh] i`- 117 58- ogh] i`- 151 86- ogh] i`- 37 14- f[kM+fd;ksa ls vk¡[ksa fpid tkukA 59- ogh] i`- 151 87- ogh] i`- 38 60-ogh] i` 187&188 88- ogh] i`- 36 15- p[k&p[k [kVj&iVjA 61- ogh] i`- 22 89- ogh] i`- 42 62- ogh] i`- 70 90- ogh] i`- 47 16- /ke~ /ke~ /ke~A 63- ogh] i`- 150 91- ogh] i`- 51 17- Vu~] Vu~] Vu~ 64- ogh] i`- 156 92- ogh] i`- 80 65- ogh] i`- 165 93- ogh] i`- 111 18- fVªuu] --- fVªuu 66- ogh] i`- 15 94- ogh] i`- 12 67- ogh] i`- 123 95- ogh] i`- 13 19- --- gVks cpksA 68- ogh] i`- 44 96- ogh] i`- 152 69- ogh] i`- 61 97- ogh] i`- 184 ¼iii½½ fu”ks/k ds fy, iz”uokpd okD; 70- ogh] i`- 42 98- ogh] i`- 198 71- ogh] i`- 44 99- ogh] i`- 198 ^;gk¡ forLrk cgrh gS* esa pand z kark us fu”ks/k ds fy, iz'uokpd okD;ksa ds iz;ksx }kjk dqN LFkyksa ij fopyuxr 'kSyh; lkSna ;Z nks y?kqdFkk mRiUu fd;k gSA ;Fkk& 1- ij eu rks psru&vopsru rgksa ij jax&fcjaxs [ksy [ksyrk gS] m/ kj >kaddj fdlus ns[kk vkSj ns[kk rks Fkkg ikbZ Fkh D;k \96 Hkkb;ks&cguksa vkius eq>s laln Hkstk gS] Hkstk gS fd ugha HkstkA 2- nks crZu lkFk jgsx as s rks D;k [kudsx a s ugha\97 98 Hkstk gSA rks eSa vkidh ckr d:axk fd ugha d:axk\ eSa gh d:axk 3- dkSu fdlds lkFk tkrk gS jkts\ 4- eu ds dyq”k /kksrh ve‘rok.khA nq%[k vkSj ihM+k ls fdlh dks vkidh ckrA pkSdhnkj cuk;k gS vkius eq>s rks vkidh j{kk eSa d:axk fd ugha d:axk\ eSa gh d:axk Hkkb;ks cguksaA igys tks NqVdkjk feyk gS\99 & ;gk¡ izFke m)j.k esa iz'uokpd okD; fdlus ns[kk vkSj ns[kk rks Hkz"Vkpkj gqvk gS og vc ugha gksxk] u rks eSa [kqn [kkÅaxk vkSj u Fkkg ikbZ Fkh D;k dk okLrfod vfHkizk; gS&fdlh us ugha ns[kk vkSj gh fdlh dks [kkus nwaxkA Hkkb;ks&cguks eSa vkils fd, okns iwjs ns[kk rks Fkkg ugha ikbZA nwljs mnkgj.k esa iz'uokpd lajpuk ^D;k dj jgk gw¡ fd ugha dj jgk gw¡] dj jgk gw¡ vj Hkkb;ks cguksa vHkh [kudsx a s ugha* dk okLrfod vfHkizk; gS&nks crZu lkFk jgsx a s rks vki ns[kuk dqN yksxksa dks dM+oh pk; ihuh iM+sxhA eSa ,sls QSlys [kudsx a s vo';A blh izdkj rhljs m)j.k esa ^^dkSu fdlds lkFk ywaxk Hkkb;ks&cguksa fd vidks dqN fnuksa ds fy, d"V rks gksxk gh tkrk gS jkts** dk vfHkizrs vFkZ gS fd dksbZ fdlh ds lkFk ugha tkrk exj mudh uhan mM+ tk,xh] tks vkidk gd nck, cSBs gSa] vki rFkk ^nq%[k vkSj ihM+k ls fdlh dks NqVdkjk feyk gS\* dk Li"V Hkh mudk gd er nsuk] eSa dgrk gw¡ vkilsA cl cguksa&Hkkb;ksa rkRi;Z ;g gS fd nq%[k vkSj ihM+k ls fdlh dks Hkh NqVdkjk ugha feyk vki vafre ykbZu esa yxs jgksA esjk QSlyk xyr gqvk rks esjk D;k eSa >ksyk mBkdj fudy gSA mi;qDZ r foospu ds vk/kkj ij ;g dgk tk ldrk gS pand z kark ds tkÅ¡xkA vkt vkidk viuk jkt gS cguksa&Hkkb;ksa ;g ljdkj foosP; miU;kl ^^;gk¡ forLrk cgrh gS** esa Hkkf"kd lkSna ;Z mRiUu vkidh gS] cl ykbu esa yxs jgksA djus ds fy, okD; Lrj ij lekarjrk vkSj fopyu tSls 'kSyh; miknkuksa ds lVhd bLrseky ds dkj.k gh miU;kl dh Hkk"kk lgt pquko vk x, FksA jktuhfrd ikfVZ;ka vius&vius izR;k'kh eSnku o izokgiw.kZ gksrs gq, Hkh vFkZxfHkZr vkSj cM+h lhek rd dkO;kRedrk esa mrkj jgh FkhA fVfdV dk caVokjk py jgk FkkA vius&vius ls ;qDr gSA vfLrRo dks cpkus ds fy, pkysa pyh tkus yxh Fkha fd rHkh lanHkZ lqçhe dksVZ us QSlyk fn;k fd /keZ] uLy] tkfr] leqnk; ;k Hkk"kk 1- MkW- fdj.kckyk] rqylh dh Hkk"kk dk 'kSyh oSKkfud v/;;u& i`- 50 22- ogh] i`- 42 2- panzdkark] ;gk¡ forLrk cgrh gS] i`- 170 23- ogh] i`- 52 ds vk/kkj ij vc oksV ugha ekaxk tk ldsxkA ;g xSj dkuwuh vkSj 3- ogh] i`- 167 24- ogh] i`- 123 4- ogh] i`- 120 25- ogh] i`- 63 Hkz"V rjhdk gSA mEehnokj ds lkFk&lkFk nwljs jktusrk] pquko 5- ogh] i`- 130 26- ogh] i`- 124 6- ogh] i`- 141 27- ogh] i`- 37 ,tsaV ;k /keZ xq# bR;kfn Hkh blds nk;js esa vk,axsA pquko 7- ogh] i`- 103 28- ogh] i`- 106 8- ogh] i`- 155 29- ogh] i`- 174 vk;ksx Hkh lrdZ gks x;k FkkA lHkh vksj bl fu.kZ; dh ljkguk 9- ogh] i`- 170 30- ogh] i`- 10 gks jgh FkhA vke vkneh csgn [kq'k Fkk fd pyks vc futkr 10- ogh] i`- 79 31- ogh] i`- 51 11- ogh] i`- 15 32- ogh] i`- 70 feysxh naxk&Qlkn lsA 12- ogh] i`- 33 33- ogh] i`- 87 13- ogh] i`- 42 34- ogh] i`- 94 vc ikVhZ izeq[kksa ds c;ku Hkh vkus yxs FksA ,d ikVhZ dh eqf[k;k 14- ogh] i`- 50 35- ogh] i`- 97 15- ogh] i`- 98 36- ogh] i`- 103 us dgk&geus lcls vf/kd eqlyekuksa dks fVfdV nsdj fl) dj 16- ogh] i`- 100 37- ogh] i`- 100 17- ogh] i`- 101 38- ogh] i`- 107 fn;k gS fd ge fu"i{k gSaA 18- ogh] i`- 126 39- ogh] i`- 121 19- ogh] i`- 131 40- ogh] i`- 121 &veu dqekj R;kxh 20- ogh] i`- 148 41- ogh] i`- 124

jkt

jktuhfr

21- ogh] i`- 64

ifjys[k 'kks/k lanHkZ ¼bZif=dk½

42- ogh] i`- 129

vad&1 % tuojh] 2017

ISSN Applied

izos'kkad

19 21- fxUu&fxUu ukprk ekFkk] ifrozrk] [kqjnqjh gFksfy;k¡( i`- 28 22- cM+h xeZtks'kh ds lkFk gkFk feyk;k] ,d vkSjr dk igyk jktdh; izokl] [kqjnqjh gFksfy;k¡( i`- 25 23- g¡lrh gS etcwj ek¡ dh g¡lh] efgyk dykdkj] [kqjnqjh gFksfy;k¡( i`- 40 24- eSa us rksMk+ [kqn dks dwV dwV dj] x`gy{eh] [kqjnqjh gFksfy;k¡( i`& lqj¸;k ijohu 42 25- ,d ph[k esjs Hkhrj Hkh nch gS] ph[k] [kqjnqjh gFksfy;k¡( i`- 43 vukfedk dh lkfgR; Hkk"kk ij L=h dks.k ls fopkj djus ij ;g ckr 26- epy jgh gSa mldh ck¡g dh eNfy;k¡] ,d ixysV dFkk] [kqjnqjh Li"V gksrh gS fd mUgksua s ekSf[kd vfHkO;fDr ds lkFk&lkFk L=h dh gFksfy;k¡( i`- 57 lkadfs rd vfHkO;fDr dks Hkh viuh lkfgR; Hkk"kk dk vax cuk;k gSA 27- ?kj esa ?kqlrs gh@tksj ls ngkM+rs Fks ekfyd vkSj ,d gh Mk¡V tSlk fd dgk tkrk gS] L=h viuh euksHkkoukvksa dks 'kCnksa dh rqyuk ij@,dne iV~V@ysV tkrh Fkha os@ne lk/kdj] ifrozrk] [kqjnqjh esa eqnkz vks]a ladrs ksa vkSj vikaxksa ds }kjk vf/kd vfHkO;Dr djrh gSA gFksfy;k¡( i`- 27 vukfedk ds lkfgR; esa Hkh fL=;k¡ 'kCnksa ds vykok nsg Hkk"kk esa Hkh 28- vkSj eqX/kk ukf;dkvksa dh eqLdku@eqLdqjkdj dfg,&^lkWjh*] [kwc cksyrh cfr;krh gSAa ;gh dkj.k gS fd vukfedk ds lkfgR; esa vkt+knh] [kqjnqjh gFksfy;k¡( i`- 112 L=h dh nsg Hkk"kk dh O;atuk djusokys Hkkf"kd iz;ksxksa dh Hkjekj gSA 29- ysVh gqbZ Vscy q ij@,dVd ns[k jgh gS eq>dks@viuh ml Qhdh ,slh dqN 'kCnkoyh vkSj vfHkO;fDr;ksa dks fuEufyf[kr :iksa esa eqLdku ds lkFk@tks brus fnu og eqLdk;h@esjs gj vukpkj ij] lwphc) fd;k tk ldrk gSA iRuh] [kqjnqjh gFksfy;k¡( i`- 133 1- vk¡[kksa vk¡[kksa esa gks tkrh gS xq¶rxw] cl fVdV] [kqjnqjh gFksfy;k¡( 30- bldh cgqr xgjh vkSj Hk¡oj&lh vry ukfHk ij] ls¶Vh fiu] i`- 83 nwc/kku( i`- 56 2- fey tkrh gSa mudh vk¡[ks]a fQj g¡l iM+rh gS]a cl fVdV] [kqjnqjh 31- gkFk ck¡/kdj Vsd ysrk lj viuh taxkbZ gqbZ ml fjokfYoax dqlhZ gFksfy;k¡( i`- 83 ij] ,d uUgh&lh /kksfcu ¼fpjS;k½] nwc/kku( i`- 59 3- Hkjh lHkk esa fpjifjfpr vk¡[kksa dk xqipqi laokn] cl fVdV] 32- vxe dav q k Fkk isV] lkoZtfud pkSdk] nwc/kku( i`- 62 [kqjnqjh gFksfy;k¡( i`- 83 33- mldk eu Fkk bruk ftn~nh ikS/kk] lkoZtfud pkSdk] nwc/kku( i`4- esjh ulsa xqnxqnkrh] ftg~ok] [kqjnqjh gFksfy;k¡( i`- 86 62 5- flgjs gq, jks,¡] mlus dgk Fkk] [kqjnqjh gFksfy;k¡( i`- 96 34- vk¡[k esa ned mBrk Fkk ^ni* ls vkSj ulksa esa rks yxkrkj jgrk 6- xquxquk mBh gS@esjs Hkhrj ds@[kjxks'k dh >qj>qjh] mlus dgk Fkk tjk&tjk lqyxk&lk] lkoZtfud pkSdk] nwc/kku( i`- 62 Fkk] [kqjnqjh gFksfy;k¡( i`- 98 35- xksn esa fdukjksa dh jgrk gS iwjk leqna j] ln~x`gLFk] nwc/kku( i`7- lk¡las ?kqVrh lh gS]a g¡lh] [kqjnqjh gFksfy;k¡( i`- 103 65 8- Øks/k ls jtxt vk¡[ks]a ouesFkh vkSj egk'osrk nh] [kqjnqjh gFksfy;k¡( 36- ,d xqQk gS esjh ukfHk ds uhps] ;kSu nklh] nwc/kku( i`- 66 i`- 106 37- ftuls HkUuk;k iM+k Fkk mudk ekFkk] tq,¡] nwc/kku( i`- 67 9- feyk jgsa gSa viuh [kksb& Z [kksbZ vk¡[ks]a iwNrkN dk;kZy;] [kqjnqjh 38- ,d v¡xBw s dh rjg fn[kkÅ¡xh nsg nwj ls] pkSng cjl dh nks gFksfy;k¡( i`- 109 lsDl odZlZ nwc/kku( i`- 70 10- iksN a h tkrh gS [k¡jw t s m¡xfy;k¡] nhokj dh vLQqV vk—fr;k¡] 39- esjh bu m[kM+h gqbZ lk¡lksa esa tks Hkaoj gS] cljk dh jkfc;k Qdhj] [kqjnqjh gFksfy;k¡( i`- 110 nwc/kku( i`- 73 11- Bud&Bud tkrk gS ekFkk] Naxs vkSj deZdkaM] [kqjnqjh gFksfy;k¡( 40- esjh >qylh ck¡gksa ij fQj ls mxus rks yxh gSa ;s yky ifÙk;k¡] i`- 123 cljk dh jkfc;k Qdhj] nwc/kku( i`- 74 12- lk¡l jksd yh Fkh] cspkjs ikik vkSj lwfDr;k¡] [kqjnqjh gFksfy;k¡( i`- 41- nksuksa ls x<+s x, Fks gksBa vkSjr ds] cljk dh jkfc;k Qdhj] nwc/ 125 kku( i`- 84 13- Vqdjq &Vqdjq ns[k jgs gSa nksuks]a cspkjs ikik vkSj lwfDr;k¡] [kqjnqjh 42- jkr ds dysts esa ctrk gS lUukVk] fpV~Bh fy[krh gqbZ vkSjr] gFksfy;k¡( i`- 126 nwc/kku( i`- 81 14- Bksd a ctkdj ns[krh gSa vfHkHkkod&lh] y?kqif=dk,¡] [kqjnqjh 43- da/kk tksMs+ cSBs isez h&;qxy dh oks ef)e g¡lh] x`gy{eh ij X;kjg gFksfy;k¡( i`- 150 dfork,¡] nwcèkku( i`- 82 15- esjh vk¡[ksa pq¡f/k;k jgh gS]a cq[kkj] [kqjnqjh gFksfy;k¡( i`- 152 44- xnZu mBk esjk eq¡g ns[k ysrh gS Hkj&vk¡[k] x`gy{eh ij X;kjg 16- lqna j&lh] [kqjnqjh gFksyh@ rirs gq, esjs ekFks ij] [kqjnqjh dfork,¡] nwc/kku( i`- 85 gFksfy;k¡] [kqjnqjh gFksfy;k¡( i`- 156 45 vkSj vk¡[ksa nkyksa ds vkS/a ks fMCcs dk v/k[kqyk <Ddu gks tkrh gS]a 17- [kksbZ vk¡[ks]a Hkksys psgjs] nykbZykek] [kqjnqjh gFksfy;k¡( i`- 167 x`gy{eh ij X;kjg dfork,¡] nwc/kku( i`- 95 18- esjs c¡/ks gq, gkFk gSa v/khj] csjkstxkj] [kqjnqjh] gFksfy;k¡( i`- 172 46 eq¡g mBkdj ns[krs gSa viyd xhyh vk¡[kksa ls] Hkje] nwc/kku( i`19- eq¡g ij j[kdj rygFkh@g¡lrh gSa fnu&Hkj dh lc ?kqMf+ d;k¡] 108 Hkw[k] [kqjnqjh gFksfy;k¡( i`- 176&177 47 og czge~ dh g¡lh Fkh] fj'rk] nwc/kku( i`- 111 20- mldk da/kk Nwdj ns[ks rks] Qkyrw] [kqjnqjh gFksfy;k¡( i`- 180 48 Hk`dfq V dh rjg fldqM+ x, Fks] fj'rk] nwc/kku( i`- 111

vukfedk ds lkfgR; esa L=h dh nsg Hkk"kk

ifjys[k 'kks/k lanHkZ ¼bZif=dk½

vad&1 % tuojh] 2017

ISSN Applied

izos'kkad 20 49 tkxh vk¡[kksa esa NwVk gks tSls ,d f[kykSuk [okc] cPpk] nwc/kku( 76 r:oj dh ckgsa yh Fkke] vylk;k ik[kh] xyr irs dh fpV~Bh( i`- 119 i`- 33 50 iUuksa dh QVrh Nkrh ij NwV x, gSa mlds v{kj] cPpk] nwc/kku( 77 cquk djrs gSa gkFk jkr&jkr Hkj] vylk;k ik[kh] xyr irs dh i`- 119 fpV~Bh( i`- 33 51 fQj >Dd g¡l nsrh vk¡[kksa ls] nhokyh % ofdZx a foesal gkWLVy] 78 vksBksa ij iM+ xbZa iifM;k¡] Hkwjh feV~Vh xhyh feV~Vh] xyr irs nwc/kku( i`- 171 dh fpV~Bh( i`- 34 52 vk¡[kksa dk vk¡[kiu pyk tkrk gS] thou dk ck¡diu] daM q h] 79 iSjksa esa /kwi ds uwijw ] c¡/krs ugha D;ks]a Hkwjh feV~Vh xhyh feV~Vh] nwcèkku( i`- 177 xyr irs dh fpV~Bh( i`- 34 53 thouh dh ftg~ok ij ,d vtc lk Lokn jprs gS]a Hkkr csjgfV;k 80 l`f"V lkjh Hkj ck¡gksa es]a mÙkjkf/kdkj] xyr irs dh fpV~Bh( i`- 39 dk] nwc/kku( i`- 179 81 c<+k j[ks blus gSa uk[kwu {k.k ds] ?kM+h ds uke] xyr irs dh 54 vk¡[kks& a vk¡[kksa esa gks tkrh gS xq¶rxw vkSj gkFkks& a gkFk c<+rk pyk fpV~Bh( i`- 43 tkrk gS flDdk] cl fVdV] nwc/kku( i`- 181 82 LysV ij mj esa v¡ds v{kj Hkkoksa ds] ?kM+h ds uke] xyr irs dh 55 fpjifjfpr vk¡[kksa dk xqipqi laokn] cl fVdV] nwc/kku( i`- 181 fpV~Bh( i`- 43 56 ukfHk dh xgjkb;ksa rd egklkxj dh gekjs ik¡o okeu cks;s gS]a 83 ,d ykSrs dku ij tw¡ Hkh ugha jsx a rh] ?kM+h ds uke] xyr irs dh 'kh"kZ dh Vguh] le; ds 'kgj esa( i`- 18 fpV~Bh( i`- 43 57 pqIih ds ik¡oksa esa Nkys gS]a nknh dk taij] le; ds 'kgj esa( i`- 19 84 ilkjs gFksfy;k¡ gSa ifÙk;ksa dks] dqN vuqÙkfjr iz'u] 'khry Li'kZ 58 vk¡[kksa esa lsey ds yky&yky Qwy Hkjs tkxrk gS] ftanxh] tks ,d /kwi dh( i`- 4 Qwy gS dikl dk] le; ds 'kgj es(a i`- 22 85 uSuksa ds nksuksa esa euds Hkjuk gksxk vkns'k % vius xhrksa ds xk;d 59 vk¡[kksa esa HkfV~B;k¡ lqyxrh gS]a lwjt dk [kksea pk] le; ds 'kgj es(a dks] 'khry Li'kZ] ,d /kwi dh( i`- 24 i`- 23 86 xw¡xh esjh vk¡[ksa pkg fy, dqN dgus dh] vkns'k % vius xhrksa ds 60 vk¡[kks& a lk >i ls >qd vkrk gS vkSj ,d fnu] ijns'k dk ,d vkSj xk;d dks] 'khry Li'kZ ,d /kwi dh( i`- 24 fnu] le; ds 'kgj es(a i`- 26 87 uhykHk iqrfy;ksa okys esjs u;uksa ds foLrkj] fc[kjs ls dqN iz'u 61 QSyk, gFksyh iÙkksa dh] ihiy] le; ds 'kgj esa( i`-33 % lanHkZ vkdk'k dk] 'khry Li'kZ ,d /kwi dh( i`- 25 62 iUuksa dh QVrh Nkrh ij NwV x, gSa mlds v{kj] cPpk] le; 88 ck¡gksa esa lkjk fo'o lesV]s dqN vius ckjs es]a 'khry Li'kZ ,d èkwi ds 'kgj es(a i`- 47 dh( i`- 70 63 vk¡[kksa ds Bgjs ls ikuh esa te vkbZ eqnkZ mEehnksa dh dkbZ] ckrs]a 89 ?kqVuksa esa eq¡g xkMs lks tkrh gS D;ksa lbZ lk¡> vkf[kj] Hkwy pwd] le; ds 'kgj es(a i`- 53 chtk{kj( i`- 15 64 dku ls lw[ks iÙks mrkj VwV dj vaxM+kbZ ysrh gS dusj] 'kke % 90 xM+rh gqbZ vk¡[kksa vkSj lw[ks gq, gksBks]a vkSj yFkjh gqbZ Vk¡xksa dk ,d] le; ds 'kgj es(a i`- 110 lQj] mM+u[kVksyk] chtk{kj( i`- 18 65 ukfHk dh xgjkb;ksa esa dq.Mfyuh ds fcYdqy led{k tkx x;k Fkk 91 eq¡g ckus yxrs gSa ryoksa es]a ?kj] chtk{kj( i`- 48 r{kd jkr] le; ds 'kgj es(a i`- 112 92 vk¡[kksa esa mM+ur'rjh ls lh/kk mrj vkrs gSa nqfu;k ds lkjs jgL;] 66 fpduh pqiM+h ckgsa dwfpiwfM+ dh lh Hkafxek xgs gS]a esjk ?kj nl ftYn] chtk{kj( i`- 51 vk;ke] xyr irs dh fpV~Bh( i`- 3 93 vk¡[kksa ls ^ekul* dh ttZj izfr ls mBrh gYdh&lh [kfut xa/k] 67 lwjt esjs da/kksa dh vksV ys <yrk gS] ifjorZu] xyr irs dh xa/k] chtk{kj( i`- 59 fpV~Bh( i`- 10 94 tks ikuhnkj rks ogha vk¡[ks]a uedhu ikuh esa ik¡o jksi dj cSBh 68 uhy u;uksa esa lqcg ds LoIu&lk og ,d rkjk iafDr ls NwVk pV~Vkus]a xa/k] chtk{kj( i`- 59 gqvk] Kkiu xyr irs dh fpV~Bh( i`- 11 95 ykvks] 'kgn vk¡[kksa ls <kyks FkksMk+ &lk ;gk¡ b/kj dfy;ksa ij] 69 uHk ds iSjksa esa esgna h tc jprh gS] HkkbZ lqD[ku egrks ds uke] _f"kdk] chtk{kj( i`- 66 xyr irs dh fpV~Bh( i`- 14 96 dVkonkjksa vk¡[kksa ls] vokarj dFkk( i`- 8 70 nq[krs gq, da/ks mpd ugha ldrs] HkkbZ lqD[ku egrks ds uke] 97 vk¡[kksa esa v'oes/k ds NqVV~ s ?kksMk+ as dh yydkj] vokarj dFkk( i`- 12 xyr irs dh fpV~Bh( i`- 14 98 gksBksa ij fgdkjr dh frjNh eqLdku vkSj pq:V] vokarj dFkk( i`71 flykbZ gksBksa dh rksMu+ s dk] HkkbZ lqD[ku egrks ds uke] xyr irs 12 dh fpV~Bh( i`- 14 99 psgjs ij vkReeqX/krk vkSj pky esa mM+uNwiu] vokarj dFkk( i`- 12 72 befy;ks& a lh m¡xfy;k¡ ns[kus Hkj dks gS] HkkbZ lqD[ku egrks ds 100 Nkrh flgj tkuk] vokarj dFkk( i`- 12 uke] xyr irs dh fpV~Bh( i`- 14 101 vk¡[k nckdj cksyk] vokarj dFkk( i`- 12 73 lius Fkh dkr jgh nsgyh esa vk¡[kksa dh] HkkbZ lqD[ku egrks ds 102 vk¡[ksa liuhyh gks tkrh] vokarj dFkk( i`- 12 uke] xyr irs dh fpV~Bh( i`- 15 103 vk¡[ksa tSlh f[kyh&dh f[kyh jg xbZ] vokarj dFkk( i`- 21 74 :[k] dkyh peM+h okys os es?k&[k.M] lkbZl pk¡n] xyr irs dh 104 vk¡[k esa vaxkjs] thHk ij ,flM] nsg esa djsVa ] eu esa for`".kk dk fpV~Bh( i`- 29 tgjhyk Qsu] vokarj dFkk( i`- 24 75 ihyh vk¡[kksa okyk dkyk vacj js] grk'k czge~ n.M] xyr irs dh 105 lk¡lksa esa Ån fcyko ds ik¡o mrj vkrs Fks] vokarj dFkk( i`- 25 fpV~Bh( i`- 31 106 vk¡[kksa dk xgjk liuhykiu] vokarj dFkk( i`- 26 ifjys[k 'kks/k lanHkZ ¼bZif=dk½

vad&1 % tuojh] 2017

ISSN Applied

izos'kkad 21 107 cM+h&cM+h vk¡[kksa ls Nydha —rKrk dh ve`r cw¡n]as vokarj dFkk( 117 ehBh&lh ,d vk¡p lk¡lksa esa mBrh eglwl gqb]Z nl }kjs dk i`- 26 ihatjk( i`- 270 108 frjNh vk¡[ksa ,sls Hkksd a ha tSls ?kqi&?kqi&?kqi cPpk lsc esa pkdw 118 eerk mudh vk¡[kksa ls Vidrh gS] frudk fruds ikl( i`- 86 Hkksd a rk gS] vokarj dFkk( i`- 31 119 'ka[k lh vk¡[kksa okys ds iziYq y gksBksa dk Lej.k] izfruk;d( i`- 4 109 vk¡[ksa Fkha fd v'oes/k ds NqVV~ s ?kksM]s+ vokarj dFkk( i`- 36 120 vk¡[kksa esa fdj.ksa mHkjh] izfruk;d( i`- 6 110 mudh frjNh eqLdkusa fØdsV dh cfYy;ks& a lh mBrh Fkh] 121 nk¡rksa ls vksB Hkhaps os pqipki cSBh jgh] izfruk;d( i`- 8 vokarj dFkk( i`- 46 122 vk¡[kksa esa m¡xyh Mky mls [kkuk idkus dh lgh jhfr ds fo"k; 111 vk¡[kksa dh T;ksfr :B xbZ] nl }kjs dk fiatjk( i`- 137 esa funs'Z k fn, x,] izfruk;d( i`- 27 112 vk¡[kksa esa dgha dksbZ gYdk iNrkok Hkh >yd jgk Fkk] nl }kjs 123 eklwe vk¡[kksa okys yksx vDlj u nwjxkeh ck¡gas j[krs gSa u yach dk ihatjk( i`- 137 thHk] izfruk;d( i`- 28 113 os vk¡[ksa lwQh dh vk¡[ksa Fkha lrjaxh vk¡[ks]a nl }kjs dk ihatjk( 124 vk¡[kksa esa Hkj vkbZ dhpM iksN a h vkSj nk¡r fuiksM+ fn,] izfruk;d( i`- 137 i`- 45 114 mUgsa <w¡<r+ & s <+k¡<r+ s esjh lk¡las p<+h jgrha] nl }kjs dk ihatjk( i`- 125 /kM+drk eu vkSj liuhyh vk¡[ksa fy,] izfruk;d( i`- 58 219 126 mldh vk¡[ksa ckt dh vk¡[ksa gS]a nl }kjs dk ihatjk( i`- 83 115 ik¡o NqMk+ dj tc os QkVd dh vksj c<+]s nl }kjs dk ihatjk( i`- 225 mi;qDZ r foospu ls Li"V gS fd vukfedk us lkfgR; esa L=h&nsg&Hkk"kk 116 ftg~ok ij vfXu nsork dk fuokl gksrk gS] nl }kjs dk ihatjk( ds fofo/k vk;keksa dk lekos”k djds lkfgfR;d Hkk"kk dks u;k Lo:i i`- 248 iznku fd;k gSA

MhvkjMhvks dk oSKkfud lkfgR; & vpZuk ikaM; s fdlh Hkh laLFkk dk lkfgR; ml laLFkk dk çfrfcac gksrk gSA laLFkk }kjk çdkf'kr dh tkus okyh i=&if=dk,~¡ laLFkk dh xfrfof/k;ks]a dk;Z ç.kkyh] fopkj/kkjk rFkk mä foHkkx }kjk fd, tkus okys dk;Z dh tkudkjh nsrh gSAa i=&if=dk,¡] iqLrds]a Lekfjdk,a laLFkk dh xfrfofèk;k¡] laLFkku esa gks jgs 'kks/k dk;Z] laLFkku dh çxfr ,oa fodkl] laLFkku esa gks jgs uokpkj rFkk Kku& foKku dk çpkj&çlkj djus esa lokZf/kd dkjxj gksrh gSAa MhvkjMhvks Hkkjr dh j{kk ls tqMs+ vuql/a kku dk;ksZa ds fy, ns'k dh vxz.kh ,oa çfrf’Br laLFkk gSA ns'k Hkj esa MhvkjMhvks dh 54 ç;ksx'kkyk,¡ gSAa bu ç;ksx'kkykvksa esa lsuk o lSfudksa ds mi;ksx dh lHkh vko';d oLrqvksa dk fuekZ.k fd;k tkrk gSA tSls bu ç;ksx'kkykvksa esa nqxeZ ioZrksa ij Hkh çk.kj{kk ds fy, ^jsMh Vw bZV* tSls [kk| inkFkksZa dk fuekZ.k fd;k tkrk gS] dM+kds dh BaM dks lgu djus ds fy, fo'ks"k çdkj ds tSdVs ] cqyVs çwQ tSdVs ] fo'ks"k çdkj ds VsVa ] yM+kdw foeku] VSd a ] VkfiZMks] gokbZ tgkt] cand w ]as xksyk ck:n] bysDVªkWfud okj Qs;j flLVe rFkk yach nwjh o de nwjh dh ekjd {kerk okys felkbyksa dk fuekZ.k fd;k tkrk gSA buesa ls dqN ç;ksx'kkykvksa esa tgk¡ ls jktHkk"kk if=dkvksa dk çdk'ku fd;k tkrk gS] mudh ç;ksx'kkyk esa fd, tk jgs dk;ksZa ls lacfa èkr ys[k çdkf'kr fd, tkrs gSAa oSKkfud ,oa rduhdh ys[kksa ds lkFk lkFk bu if=dkvksa esa dqN lkekU; ys[k ,oa laLFkk ds deZpkfj;ksa }kjk jfpr dfork,¡ vkfn Hkh çdkf'kr dh tkrh gSAa blls fganh dk çpkj çlkj gksus ds lkFk lkFk fopkjksa rFkk Kku dk Hkh lgtrk ls vknku çnku gksrk gSA bu ys[kksa dks fy[kus ds fy, fof'k"V ikfjHkkf"kd 'kCnkoyh dk ç;ksx fd;k ifjys[k 'kks/k lanHkZ ¼bZif=dk½

tkrk gSA ikfjHkkf"kd 'kCnkoyh foKku ds {ks= esa ikfjHkkf"kd 'kCnkoyh dk cgqr gh egRoiw.kZ LFkku gSA ;k ;w¡ dgsa fd ikfjHkkf"kd 'kCn oSKkfud ys[ku dh /kqjh gSA oLrqr% ftldh ifjHkk"kk dh xbZ gks mls ikfjHkkf"kd 'kCnkoyh dgrs gSAa ikfjHkkf"kd 'kCnkoyh ds {ks= esa rhu çdkj dh çfØ;k,¡ pyrh gS& a 1- brj Hkk"kkvksa ds 'kCn ;Fkk:i ;k viuh Hkk"kk dh çfr ds vuq:i viuk, tk,¡A tSls vk;u&ION, dscy CABLE 2- çpfyr 'kCnksa ds vFkksZa dh f'kfFkyrk dk fujkdj.k fd;k tk,] tSls /kkjk CURRENT 3- u, 'kCnksa dk fuekZ.k fd;k tk,A ¼oSKkfud lkfgR; ds vuqokn dh leL;k,¡ M‚ HkksykukFk frokjh] i`- 17½ ikfjHkkf"kd 'kCnkoyh dh ;g Hkh fo'ks"krk gksrh gS fd u rks bl dk ljyhdj.k fd;k tk ldrk gS vkSj u gh fDy"V cuk;k tk ldrk gS D;ksfa d ;g fu/kkZfjr gksrk gS lkFk gh foKku rFkk çkS|ksfxdh ls lacfa /kr gksus ds dkj.k bldh 'kCnkoyh esa eupkgk ifjorZu ds fy, dksbZ LFkku ugha gksrkA M‚- HkksykukFk frokjh ds vuqlkj eq[;r% Ng vk/kkjksa ij ikfjHkkf"kd 'kCnksa dks fuEufyf[kr :i esa oxhZ—r fd;k tkrk gS& d½ lzkrs ds vk/kkj ij & 1½ rRle 2½ rn~Hko 3½ vkxr& fons'kh 4½ ns'kt 5½ ladj 1½ ijaijkxr vFkkZr viuh Hkk"kk ijaijk esa igys ls ç;qäA 2½ x`ghr % vFkkZr nwljh Hkk"kk ls fy, x, 'kCnA 3½ uofufeZr& vFkkZr u, cuk, x, 'kCnA [k½ jpuk ds vk/kkj ij& 1½ ewy 2½ ;kS f xd ¼milxZ ; q ä ] çR;;;q ä ] leLrin] milxZ çR;;;qä&leLrinA½ vFkZ ds vk/kkj ij ;kSfxd 'kCnksa ds nks Hksn gks ldrs gS& a

vad&1 % tuojh] 2017

ISSN Applied

izos'kkad

lkekU;& lkekU; vFkZ nsus okys 'kCn] :<+&fo'ks"k vFkZ esa :<+ 'kCn x½ ç;ksx ds vk/kkj ij& 1½ iw.kZ ikfjHkkf"kd&tks 'kCn lkekU;r% dsoy ikfjHkkf"kd gks lkekU; Hkk"kk esa ç;qä u gksA 2½ v/kZ ikfjHkkf"kd&tks 'kCn lkekU; Hkk"kk esa Hkh ç;qä gks rFkk ikfjHkkf"kd :i esa Hkh ç;qä gksA ?k½ vFkZ dh lw{erk o LFkwyrk ds vk/kkj ij& 1½ ladYiukcks/kd& tks lw{e ladYiukvks]a çR;;ksa ;k vo/kkj.kkvksa dks O;ä djsAa tSls v}Srokn] ÅtkZA 2½ oLrqcks/kd& tks oLrqvksa dks cksf/kr djsAa tSls dSfY'k;e M+½ 'kCn esa inh; bdkb;ksa ds vk/kkj ij& 1½ ,dinh;& ftlesa ,d in gks % tSls /keuhA 2½ f}inh;& ftlesa nks in gksAa ouLifr foKku rFkk çk.kh foKku esa ,sls uke feyrs gSAa tSls vke ds fy, Mangifera Indica. 3½ f=inh;& ftlesa rhu in gksAa ;s nks çdkj ds gksrs gSAa ,d rks os ftuesa igyk 'kCn oa'k dk] nwljk tkfr dk rFkk rhljk çtkfr dk gksrk gSA tSls euq"; ds flj dh tw¡ ds fy, Peduclus Humanus Capitis.

nwljs çdkj ds f=inh; ikfjHkkf"kd 'kCnksa esa igyk uke oa'k dk nwljk tkfr dk rFkk rhljk vUos"kd dk gksrk gSA tSls eksj ds fy, Pavo Cristatus Linnaeus.

p½ fo"k; ds vk/kkj ij& bl vk/kkj ij gj foKku ;k 'kkL= ds ikfjHkkf"kd 'kCnksa dks vyx vyx oxksZa esa j[kk tk ldrk gSA tSls n'kZu ds] Hkk"kk'kkL= ds] tho foKku ds vkfnA ¼ikfjHkkf"kd 'kCnkoyh dqN leL;k,¡ % M‚ HkksykukFk frokjh] i`- 20½ foKku vkSj çkS|ksfxdh ds bl vk/kqfud ;qx esa fdlh Hkh ns'k dh çxfr vkSj le`f) ml ns'k dh lSU; 'kfä rFkk foKku vkSj VsDu‚ykth esa ml ns'k dh idM+ rFkk mi;ksx ij fuHkZj djrh gSA ,slk djus ds fy, ml ns'k ds ikl viuh Hkk"kk esa oSKkfud 'kCnkoyh dh vko';drk iM+rh gSA foKku dh Hkk"kk esa 'kCnkoyh dk cgqr egRo gS D;ksfa d fdlh Hkh oSKkfud çfØ;k ;k ifj?kVuk esa mls O;ä djus vFkok vius lSfudksa dks le>kus ds fy, ikfjHkkf"kd 'kCn dh vko';drk iM+rh gSA foKku vkSj çkS|ksfxdh ds fodkl ds lkFk tgk¡ ,d vksj Kku dk çlkj gksrk gS] ogha Hkk"kk dh le`f) vkSj foLrkj Hkh gksrk gSA MhvkjMhvks esa iz;Dq r laf{kfIr;k¡ MhvkjMhvks esa fofHkUu vuql/a kku dk;ksZa ds nLrkosthdj.k ds nkSjku rFkk oSKkfud ys[kksa rFkk 'kks/k i=ksa dh çLrqrhdj.k vFkok çdk'ku ds nkSjku rRlac/a kh laf{kfIr;ksa dk Hkh ç;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA ;s laf{kfIr;k¡ ml laxBu esa çpfyr gks tkrh gS]a rFkk dbZ LFkkuksa ij ç;ksx esa ykbZ tkrh gSAa MhvkjMhvks dh dqN çpfyr laf{kfIr;k¡ bl çdkj gSa & ¼1½ MhvkjMh,y @DRDL % j{kk vuq l a / kku ,oa fodkl ç;ksx'kkyk@Defence Research and Development Laboratory ¼2½ VhvkbZlh@TIC% rduhdh lwpuk dsæa @Technical Information Centre

¼3½ thihih@GPP % tujy ijil çksll s j@General Purpose Processor ¼4½ , vkbZ@AI% vkfVZQhf'k;y baVfs ytsl a @Artificial Intelligence ifjys[k 'kks/k lanHkZ ¼bZif=dk½

¼5½ thih,l@GPS% xzkmaM iksft'kfuax flLVe@Ground Positioning System

¼6½ ,ylh,@LCA% ykbV dkEcSV ,;jØk¶V@Light Combat Aircraft ¼7½ vkbZth,eMhih@IGMDP% ,dhr funsZf'kr ç{ksikL= fodkl dk;ZØe@Integrated Guided Missile Development Program ¼8½ Mhlh@DC % M‚;jsDVlZ dkmafly@Directors Council ¼9½ ,Vh,e@ATM % VSd a jks/kh ç{ksikL=@Anti Tank Missile ¼10½ ,ebZ,e,l@MEMS % ekbØks bysDVªks esdfs udy flLVEl@Micro Electro Mechanical Systems

MhvkjMhvks Hkkjr dh rhuksa lsukvksa dks fo'oLrjh; foKku vkSj çkS|ksfxdh ds vk/kkj ij l'kä rFkk le`) cukus ds fy, cukbZ xbZ laLFkk gSA ;gk¡ lSfudksa ds ç;ksx esa vkus okyh fofHkUu oLrqvksa ds fuekZ.k gsrq vuql/a kku dk;Z fd, tkrs gSAa ns'k Hkj esa MhvkjMhvks dh ç;ksx'kkyk,¡ fLFkr gSAa MhvkjMhvks }kjk çdkf'kr oSKkfud lkfgR; esa fofHkUu ikfjHkkf"kd 'kCnkofy;ksa dk ç;ksx fd;k tkrk gS tks ml {ks= fo”ks’k ds fof”k’V “kCn gksrs gSAa

pyks csVk ;gka ls pyrs gSa usrk th vkus okys Fks Hkk"k.k gksus okys Fks dqflZ;ka fcN xbZ Fkha /kwi f[ky xbZ Fkh vkleku esa xM+xM+kgV gqbZ gSyhdkIVj tehu ij mrjk lQsn dqrkZ ik;tkek igus usrk mrjk dk;Zdrkvksa ukjs yxkrs gq, usrk th dks iydksa ij fcBkrs gq, ys vk, eap rd HkhM+ dk ,d jsyk vk;k vkSj /kfd;krk gqvk nkSM+us yxk usrk th dks ekyk igukus ds fy, usrk th eqLdqjk jgs Fks lcdk vfHkoknu dj jgs Fks vc tc cSB x, lHkh yksx viuh&viuh dqflZ;ksa ij usrk th mBs vkSj yxs gkFk ij gkFk eyus xks;k HkhM+ dks ns[kdj lksp jgs gksa fd D;k dguk gS viuh ,sud lkQ dh vkSj ,d ?kwaV fi;k ikuh fxykl ls caMh dk viuh dksuk idM+ lSV fd;k rc ekbZd gkFk esa fy;k ,d fHk[kkjh ns[k jgk Fkk cM+h xkSj ls vkSj cksyk vius QVsgky iq= ls ?kj pydj gh dksbZ liuk ns[krs gSa pyks csVk ;gka ls pyrs gSa &veu dqekj ^R;kxh*

vad&1 % tuojh] 2017

ISSN Applied

izos'kkad

ukfljk 'kekZ ds dFkklkfgR; esa L=h Hkk"kk & MkW- eatq 'kek 'kekZZ Z ;g loZfofnr rF; gS fd lekt vkSj Hkk"kk dk var%lac/a k gSA L=h vkSj iq#"k nksuksa lekt dh egRoiw.kZ bdkb;k¡ gSAa vr% mudh LoHkkoxr fHkUurk mudh ekufldrk vkSj Hkkoksa ds ek/;e ls vfHkO;Dr gksrh gSA Hkk"kkoSKkfudksa us Hkk"kk vkSj vFkZ ds lac/a k dks vfHkUu ekuk gS rFkk ;g dgk gS fd Hkk"kk ds LoHkko ;k fodkl esa ;g varfuZfgr fojks/kkHkkl fo|eku jgrk gS fd og ftruk tksMu+ s okyh gS] mruk gh vyxkus okyh HkhA1 Hkk"kk ds lac/a k esa L=hoknh ysf[kdk vukfedk dh /kkj.kk mYys[kuh; gS&^^gekjs nks gksBa gSAa nksuksa feyrs gS]a ,d y; esa xfr'khy gksrs gSa rks Hkk"kk curh gSA ,d fgys nwljk Liafnr gh u gks rks Hkk"kk dk l`tu vlaHko gksxkA Hkk"kk dk vFkZ gS laokn] Hkk"k.k ughaA Hkk"kk viuh iw.kZrk esa fdlh rjg dh ,dkafxdrk cnkZ”r ugha djrhA Hkk"kk xokg gS fd mls fujLr djus ds gfFk;kj Hkh mlh ls fudysA**2 Hkk"kk ls tqMs+ eqnn~ ksa dk L=hoknh foe”kZ esa Hkh cksyckyk gSA ;g rF; u dsoy euksfoKku] u`foKku vkSj bfrgkl ds fy, lkFkZd gS cfYd lkfgfR;d fl)kar ,oa Hkk"kkfoKku ds {ks= Hkh blls vNwrs ugha jgs gSAa ;|fi vuks[kh ckr ;g gS fd blls fudyus okys vf/kdka”k vè;;uksa esa 'kk;n gh dksbZ lekurk gksA ^^bfrgkldkj dSjksy fLeFk jkstus cxZ L=h ds ^'kCnks*a dks lquuk pkgrh gS]a rks u`foKkuh 'ys vksMuZ j vkSj ds- okjsu ^L=h dh [kkeks”kh vkSj ekSu* dh ppkZ djrh gSAa nwljh vksj lkfgfR;d vkykspdksa dh Js.kh esa ,ysu 'ksokYVj ls ysdj Vksfjy eksbZ rd ^L=h dh Hkk"kk vkSj 'kkfCnd ;kstuk* dk vao”s k.k djrh utj vkrh gSAa **3 ^eu ek¡>us dh t:jr* esa vukfedk us L=h Hkk"kk ds ckjs esa Li"V djrs gq, dgk gS fd ^^;kSu laons ukvksa ds foLrkj ls gh iq#"k dh lksp ,di{kh; vkSj ,ddsna hz ; gksrh gS vkSj fL=;ksa dh cgqi{kh; vkSj cgqdnas hz ;A ;g lp Hkh rks gS] rHkh rks jpuk ds igys gh 'kCn ls vDlj ;g irk py tkrk gS fd ys[kd L=h gS ;k iq#"kA fL=;ksa dk vuqHkwfreaMy] muds thou ewY;] mudh laons uk dk /kjkry gh fof”k"V ugha gksrs mudk 'kCn p;u] Vksu] fcac&fo/kku vkSj izokg lc vyx ls igpku esa vk tkus yk;d gksrs gS& a vxj lk;kl mUgsa lkr Hkkf"kd inksaZ ds Hkhrj Nqikdj u j[kk x;k gksA**4 fganh dFkklkfgR; esa ukfljk 'kekZ ¼22 vxLr] 1948½ dk egRoiw.kZ ;ksxnku jgk gSA mUgksua s thou ds fofo/k vk;keksa ij viuh ys[kuh pykbZ vkSj L=h thou ds fofHkUu igyqvksa ij izdk”k MkykA mUgksua s vius dFkklkfgR; esa L=h dh ijaijkxr Nfo ls ysdj vk/kqfud Nfo rd dks js[kkafdr fd;k gSA L=h dh Nfo ds lkFk&lkFk i;kZoj.k] ns”k&fons”k dh =klnh] lkainz kf;drk] vkradokn] VwVrs ewY;] fc[kjrh laL—fr] VwVrh vkReh;rk] [kseksa esa c¡Vrk euq"; vkfn dh fpark Hkh mUgsa lkyrh gSA mudk dguk gS fd f”k{kk us euq"; dks ckrsa cukuk t:j fl[kk fn;k gS] exj og vanj ls ugha cnykA O;fDrokn ds yksHk us bl gn rd mls fxjk fn;k gS fd og ifjokj] lekt vkSj jk"Vª dks Hkh vius Qk;ns ds fy, NksMu+ s rFkk cspus ds fy, rS;kj gks jgk gSA vr% dgk tk ldrk gS fd ekuork ukfljk 'kekZ dh ys[kuh ifjys[k 'kks/k lanHkZ ¼bZif=dk½

dk dsna fz canq gSA ukfljk 'kekZ ds dFkklkfgR; dks /;ku ls ns[kk tk, rks ;g Li"V gksrk gS fd muds miU;kl vkSj dgkfu;ksa esa ekuoh; ihM+k vafdr gSA os csckd lkfgR;dkj gSAa oLrqr% mudk ys[ku muds fopkjksa dk izfrfcac gSA lqxfBr] lqikB~; vkSj Hkhrj rd iSBrk gqvkA os viuk jkLrk [kqn pqurh gaS vkSj ml ij py iM+rh gSAa muds dFkklkfgR; esa mudk fonzkgs h rsoj >ydrk gSA ukfljk 'kekZ t+ehuh jpukdkj gSAa Qkjlh Hkk"kk ij mudh xgjh idM+ gSA mUgksua s bjkd] bZjku] vQxkfuLrku] ikfdLrku rFkk vjc ns”kksa dh vusd ;k=k,¡ dh gSa rFkk ogk¡ ds thou] /keZ] dkuwu fo”ks"kdj L=h dh okLrfod fLFkfr ij 'kks/k fd;k gS rFkk ml ij lw{erk ls fy[kk gSA vr% os lkfgR; ys[ku }kjk ewyHkwr iz”uksa dks mBkrh gSAa bZjku&bjkd dh yM+kbZ dh Hk;kog =klnh dk fp=.k muds lkfgR; esa c[kwch ns[kk tk ldrk gSA fo’k; p;u dh Hkkafr ukfljk “kekZ us vius dFkklkfgR; esa Hkk’kk iz;ksx ds {ks= esa Hkh ubZ tehu rksMh+ gSA os ;g Hkyh izdkj tkurh gSa fd Hkk’kk ek= lai"sz k.k ;k vfHkO;fDr dk lkèku ugha gS vfirq cgqr dqN gSA L=h vkSj iq#"k nksuksa 'kkjhfjd lajpuk ds Lrj ij vyx gSa vkSj lkFk gh ckSf)d ,oa ekufld Lrj ij Hkh] vr% nksuksa dh Hkk"kk esa Hkh fHkUurk gksuk LokHkkfod gSA lekt esa iq#"kksa ,oa fL=;ksa dh lkekftd fLFkfr ,d leku u gksus ds dkj.k lekt-O;oLFkk ds Lrj ij Hkh mudh fLFkfr;ksa esa fHkUurk gSA bl dkj.k fL=;ksa dh Hkk"kk iq#"kksa ls fHkUu gksuk LoHkkfod Hkh gSA nksuksa dh vyx&vyx ekufldrk muds Hkk"kk O;ogkj dks ,d&nwljs ls fHkUu djrh gSA iq#"k dh Hkk"kk esa ;fn izHkqRo] xkaHkh;Z rFkk vfèkdkj fn[kkbZ nsrk gS rks L=h dh Hkk"kk esa xkS.k] vU;k ;k f}rh;d fLFkfr ifjyf{kr gksrh gSA L=h dh Hkk"kk ls mlds lai.w kZ O;fDrRo] eu%fLFkfr o fopkj/kkjk dk ifjp; izkIr gks tkrk gSA ysf[kdk us vius L=h ik=ksa ds laokn&xBu esa mudh lkekftd fLFkfr dk iwjk [+k;ky j[kk gS vkSj rnuq:i Hkk’kk&p;u fd;k gSA Lej.kh; gS fd dksey] {kek”khy] n;kyq o eerke; :i L=h dk ifjpk;d gSA le; dh ifjorZu”khyrk ds lkFk L=h dk ljy O;fDrRo Hkh ifjofrZr gksdj tfVy vkSj pqukSfriw.kZ curk x;k] bls Hkh mldh Hkk"kk esa ns[kk tk ldrk gSA mnkgj.kkFkZ& ^^;g dqnjr dk dSlk [ksy gS fd vkne dh vkSykn dks vkne dh “kDy esa ikus dh ,d vkSjr dh reUuk dks iwjh djus ds fy, nwljh vkSjr etcwj gS\**5 ukfljk 'kekZ us viuh vuqHkwfr vkSj laons ukvksa dks vfHkO;Dr djus ds fy, vius dFkklkfgR; esa Hkk"kk dk thoar ,oa ltho iz;ksx fd;k gSA os lgt :i ls ik=kuqdy w Hkk"kk dk iz;ksx djrh gS ftlls yxrk gS fd ikBd ik=ksa ls cfr;k jgs gSAa og lqf”kf{kr ik=ksa ds eq[k ls vaxt sz h dk iz;ksx djokrh gSa rks fuEu oxZ ds ik= vius okrkoj.k dks ikfjHkkf"kr djrs gSAa ukfljk 'kekZ oLrqr% ik= vkSj ifjos”k ds vuq:i fganh&mnwZ dk feJ.k djrh gh gSa lkFk gh fofHkUu cksfy;ksa ds xqynLrs Hkh ltkrh gSa ftlls muds dFkklkfgR; dk gj igyw viuh Hkkf"kd egd ls Hkj mBrk gSA ;g Hkh dgk tk ldrk gS fd 'kCn la;kstuk ukfljk 'kekZ dh Hkkf"kd fo”ks"krk gSA euksHkkoksa dks izdV djus ds fy, ftu fof”k"V vfHkO;fDr;ksa o incaèkksa dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gS mlls fof”k"V Hkkf"kd vfHkO;fDr;ksa dh jpuk gksrh gSA HkkokfHkO;fDr ds fy, eq[keqnkz Hkh l”kDr ek/;e gSA isez ] eerk] ?k`.kk] Øks/k] bZ";kZ] }s"k] Xykfu vkfn vusdkusd Hkkoksa dks fpf=r djus ds fy, ukfljk 'kekZ us vius dFkklkfgR; esa

vad&1 % tuojh] 2017

ISSN Applied

izos'kkad

24 fof”k"V vfHkO;fDr;ksa dk iz;ksx fd;k gSA ;Fkk& vkcs&rkSck dh lwlu us vR;kpkj lgs FksA mldk thou iwjh rjg ls Ø ^^vkleku ij pk¡n fdlh egcwck dh vkc: dh rjg ckjhd VwV pqdk Fkk fdarq og Lo;a dks laHkky ysrh gS vkSj lksprh gS&^^vc dekunkj ped jgk FkkA**6 og #dsxh ughaA t+jk lh fgekdr ij viuk lc dqN ugha x¡ok,xhA Ø ^^vk¡[kksa dk cgrk ikuh tax dh [kqjnqjh njkjksa esa vVdrk gqvk og ek¡ gS] iRuh gS] Vhpj gSA ,d ns”k dh ukxfjd gS] mlds nkf;Ro eqVB~ h ds chp nch dafq t;ksa esa my> x;kA**7 cgqr lkjs gSAa og mu lcdks fuHkk,xh -- og vius dks ejus ugha Ø ^^nqiV~Vk Hkhxk] rfd;k Hkhxk] exj t+gu ls ?kj ugha /kqy ldkA nsxhA og vkt rd vius fy, th ugha] fQj vkt vius fy,] ejs lqyxrs vaxkjs ij tSls mUgsa fdlh HksM+ dh rjg Vk¡xdj dckc D;ks\a **15 cuk;k tk jgk gSA**8 ukfljk 'kekZ us viuh dgkfu;ksa ds ek/;e ls L=h ds euksHkko dks ^ckoyh* dgkuh dh lyek vius vfLrRo dh rqyuk ml ckoyh ls c[kwch mdsjk gSA os L=h dh ihM+k dks Hkh vR;f/kd ekfeZd <ax ls djrh gS tgk¡ yksx viuh I;kl cq>krs gSa vkSj fQj pys tkrs gSa ij fpf=r djrh gSA ;Fkk&lalkj esa fj”rs iq#"k cukrk t:j gS fdarq ^ckoyh* ogha&dh&ogha tM+ gksdj jg tkrh gSA ^^xehZ ls rirh mu fj”rksa dks L=h fuHkkrh gSA ,d lw=/kkj dh rjg thou Øe dks nksigj ls Fkds ifjans esjs BaMs otwn esa vkdj iukg ysrs FksA fdrus- pykrh gSA L=h ;gh lksprh gS&^ûbZ gqdew r dh gktjk ifjR;Dr --\ cs”kqekj vk,A viuk nq%[k esjs otwn dh ckoyh esa Mkydj esjs L=h gSA og viuh ihM+k dks Hkqyk nsuk pkgrh gS fdarq blh Ågk&iksg fny ds nkykuksa esa cSBus yxs vkSj eSa lc dqN Hkwydj muesa vius dks esa jgrh gS fd& ugha] ugha] esjh xSjr dHkh ogk¡ eq>s ugha jgus nsrhA ck¡Vrh jghA dHkh [+k;ky gh ugha vk;k fd esjk] flQ+Z esjk] esjk viuk ;g detksjh Hkjh lksp 'kk;n esjs vdsyis u dh nsu gSA eSa Hkyk dSls ,dne futh Hkh] dqN gks ldrk gSA eSa rks muesa I;kl ds fj”rs ds ml vkneh ds lkFk jg ldrh gw¡ ftlus 'kh”ks dh rjg fny ij Hkh uke ij c¡Vrh jghA eSa lac/a k dk /kkxk tksM+ cSBrh vkSj ihus okyk eq>s ,d eghu ydhj [khap gYdh&lh Bsl ls mls rksM+ fn;kA**16 ikuh ls Hkjh ckoyh ls vf/kd dqN ugha le>rk FkkA tgk¡ vkjke ^êsjk otwn jsfxLrku gS] cjlksa dk I;klkA ftruk Hkh ikuh cjls] fd;k tk ldrk Fkk] fny gYdk fd;k tk ldrk Fkk] I;kl cq>kbZ [kq”d dk [kq”dA eSa uaxh jsrhyh /kjrh gw¡A ftl ij nwj&nwj rd u tk ldrh Fkh] exj vk[+kjh lk¡l rd lkFk ugha fn;k tk ldrk dksbZ lk;k gS] u ijNkbZAa cl rst /kwi ls pV[kh cM+h&cM+h njkjksa esa FkkA**9 HkqjHkqjh jsr dk <sj gw¡ tks gokvksa ds jgeks&dje ij b/kj ls m/kj jQ+r vius izfr eg:[+k dh mnklh ns[kdj fpafrr gks tkrk gSA mM+rh jgrh gSA**17 bl mnkgj.k esa L=h ds vdsyis u] la=kl vkSj eg:[+k fj”rksa dh xgjkbZ dks igpkurh gS& a ^^dqN ds fy, ;g fj”rs ?kqVu dk fp=.k vafdr gSA ^^xqyckuks dk jax nks eghus esa f[kydj egnwn gksrs gSa vkSj mldk bt+gkj dHkh cykRdkj] dHkh >a> q ykgV xqykc gks x;k FkkA**18 ;gk¡ L=h [kq”kh n`"VO; gSA blh rjg fuEufyf[kr vkSj dHkh rjl vkSj uQjr] rks dHkh uLy dh c<+kÙs kjh gksrk gS] exj mnkgj.k esa L=h dh NViVkgV gS& ^^NViVkrh lh ckfju uhan ls ,d vkSj ut+fj;k j[kus okys ds fy, ;g enZ&vkSjr ds rkYyqd dk mB [kVksys ij cSB xbZA**19 lcls [kwclwjr bt+gkj gSA esjh ut+j esa tgk¡ fny o fnekx feyrs ukfljk 'kekZ us L=h ds vlhe nq%[k dks Hkh js[kkafdr fd;k gS % gSa ogh viuh [kqnh nsus dh [okfg”k mHkjrh gS vkSj ml [kqnh dks] ^^glhuk us ,dk,d jksVh csyuk NksM+ vk¡[k HkkbZ ds psgjs ij xkM+ nh ml ûLy* dks dksbZ dSls ns ldrk gS tc rd---A**10 ftlesa nq[k Hkjk Hk; Qu dk<+s [kM+k FkkA**20 ^^ge vkSjrsa ljkik eqgCcr gksrh gS]a flQZ eqgCcr] exj bldk eryc L=h ds euksHkkoksa ds fp=.k ds dqN mnkgj.k ns[ks& a ;g rks ugha fd gekjs t+ukuk xq:j dh dksbZ dher gh ugha ---A**11 • ckfju cgw ls gennhZ j[krh fdarq dg ugha ikrhA gkFk eyrs gq, ¼dqcjk&cgu½A bl m)j.k esa L=h dh LokfHkekuh vfHkO;fDr Li"V ckfju eu gh eu cqncqnkbZ&^^nwljksa ds fy, yM+uk fdruk ljy gS gks jgh gSA ^L=hRo* dks fdlh Hkh dher ij ykafNr gksus nsuk ugha jh lgtks] exj tc Lo;a ij curh gS] rks lc dSlk dfBu&tfVy pkgrhA yxrk gS\**21 ¼ckfju&Lo;a ls½ 'kUuks dks pk; cukrs ns[k ckfju ds ru&cnu esa vkx yx xbZ vkSj • ^^mls rks fo”okl Fkk fd lkl mls fyiVkdj jks,xh] I;kj djsxh] cgw ij cjl iM+h&^^D;ksa /keZ Hkz"V djus ij mrk: gS] dyeq¡gh\ rsjs ml vHkkxs nkuo dks dkslrs gq, mldh dykbZ esa ysi yxk,xh] exj gkFk dk ty ihdj ujd tkuk gS D;k\ tk cSB dksi Hkou esa -- mldh vk¡[kksa esa iy Hkj dkS/a kh [kq”kh cgqr tYn O;aX;ck.k esa uVuhA**12 bl m)j.k esa vf”kf{kr L=h /keZ] bZeku dk lgkjk ysdj ifjofrZr gks xbZA vc og D;k djs\a mldk Øks/k dSls 'kkar djsa -- ?kj ujd dh nqgkbZ nsrh gSA ;gk¡ mldk euksHkko vfHkO;Dr gqvk gSA ds dke esa gkFk ugha yxkus nsrh] lsok djus tkrh gw¡ rks iSj [khap dj eg:[+k dks mlds lg;ksxh iq#"k ges”kk uhpk fn[kkuk pkgrs gSAa nqRdkj nsrh gS--A**22 vkSjr ds fy, vkSjr dk cnyrk :i gS ;gA eg:[+k vius vkosx dks jksd ugha ikrh vkSj mldh vkokt+ iwjs ¼”kUuks--½ vgkrs esa QSy tkrh gS&^^Bgfj,A vkt ds ckn vki nksuksa vius vkis • ^^;gk¡ D;ksa yk;k gS bl fNuky dks\ rsjs fy, yM+fd;ksa dk vdky esa jfg,xk vkSj reht+ ds lkFk eq>ls is”k vkb,xk] ojuk eq>s dksbZ iM+ x;k Fkk D;k js\ ckfju ,dk,d nk¡r ihldj xqjkZbAZ **23 l[r dne mBkuk iM+x s k -- vkSj [kcjnkj tks vkxs ls vkius eq>ls • ^^jkr dks [kk&ihdj tc lkjk eksgYyk 'kkar gks tkrk] og Hkh is”k csrdYyQ+ gksus dh dksf”k”k dhA 'kjkQ+r dh Hkh ,d gn gksrh [kVksys ij Fkdh Vk¡xs ilkj lksprh fd bl uy dks gekjs gh n~okjs gSA vc vki tkb, ;gk¡ lsA**13 yxuk Fkk\ lksrh rks liuk ns[krh fd eksgYys ds lkjs enZ ,dk,d ukfljk 'kekZ us vius ik=ksa ds ek/;e ls [kht dks Hkh c[kwch nks&eq¡g lk¡i dh rjg thHk yiyikrs gq, uy ds gkSns ds pkjksa rjQ vfHkO;Dr fd;k gS& ^^D;ksa cSBk gS eq¡g fNikds] tk ns[k dgk¡ xbZ gS daM q yh ekjs cSBs gSAa Lo;a dks le>krh& vPNk gS uy ikl gS nwj gksrk dqyPNuh -- iwjs Ms<+ fdyks dh dj/kuhA ik¡p&Ng rksyk lksuk --- lc rks cgw dh fuxjkuh dSls dj ikrhA uUgha&lh dksey tku bu dkys ys xbZ uklihVh -- lkjh mez dh dekbZ ij >kMw Qsj xbZA**14 dkscjksa dk fo"k\**24 ¼ckfju&csVk½ • ^^rks fQj isV dk nkst[+k dSls Hkj;ks Hkksys ljdkj\**25 ifjys[k 'kks/k lanHkZ ¼bZif=dk½

vad&1 % tuojh] 2017

ISSN Applied

izos'kkad 25 • ^^lwjr ns[ks go viuh lwvjok okyh\ pys gSa yk[k dk liuk • ^^ftruk dj ldrs Fks djrs FksA dHkh etZ csdkcw gksus ij mfpr ns[ksA**26 mipkj dh lqfoèkk u feyus ds dkj.k jksxh ej tkrs FksA dHkh mudk ukfljk 'kekZ dh Hkk"kk eqgkojsnkj gksus ds dkj.k laoknksa esa izk.k Mky 'ko lxs&lac/a kh ys tkrs FksA dHkh&dHkh ykokfjl eqnksaZ dh ftEesnkjh nsrh gSA f”kYi vkSj dF; ds vuq:i vusd mnkgj.k feyrs gSAa leL;k cu tkrhA xSj dks vius dfczLrku esa xkM+us dks dksbZ jkth mUgksua s flQZ L=h ;k iq#"k ds euksHkkoksa dks gh ugha vfirq ,d fgtM+s u gksrk vkSj b/kj&m/kj nckuk eqf”dy FkkA bl ijs”kkuh dks ns[kdj ds euksHkko dks Hkh js[kkafdr fd;k gSA ;Fkk&^pkj cgusa 'kh”kegy dh* iqÙku fe;k¡ us viuh pkj ch?kk t+ehu ykokfjlksa ds dfczLrku ds fy, esa 'kdhyk fgtM+k dk ;g laokn& ^êqbZ dk¡p dh pwfM+;k¡ fVdrh dgk¡ fiNys lky oDQ dj nh FkhA**30 gS]a vkf”kd+kas ds fny dh rjg fpV[+k tkrh gSA**27 ^fojklr* dgkuh esa iqÙkufe;k¡ xjhc ejhtksa dks rks u cpk lds fdarq ukfljk 'kekZ ds dFkklkfgR; esa L=h dh ;kruk vkSj e`R;qcks/k dk eqnksaZ dh O;oLFkk ds fy, mlus tehu ns nh FkhA ^fojklr* dgkuh fp=.k gqvk gSA ;Fkk & dk uewu dgrk gS&^êqnksaZ tyk, yxks rks txg gh txgA dSlk et+k • ^^?kjksa esa rkys iM+s gSa vkSj iqjkus dfczLrku ds rkys [kksy fn, x, esa jgr jgh ;gk¡ dkdh] vkftj rksgkj ?kj Hkh dczu dh ut+j gks; gSa -- dqN irk gS ,d dcz esa dbZ&dbZ yk”ks]a land w esa diM+kas dh rjg xok u\**31 ukfljk 'kekZ us vkoklh; leL;k dks mdsjk gSA euq"; rg dh tk jgh gS --- eqnksZa dk <sj tSls d;ker dk fnu lc ,d lkFk iqjkuh jhfr;ksa esa bruk my> tkrk gS fd mls orZeku leL;k dk ej x, yk”ks& a gh yk”ksAa **28 ¼rkghj&Lo;a ls½ lek/kku <w¡<u+ k gh ugha vkrk] ;k fQj tkucw> dj ijs”kkuh ikyrk • ^^bl ?kj esa eqjnu dh phtsa gh rks Hkjh gS& a fygkQ] dacy] rfd;k] jgrk gSA iyax] dqlhZ] cjru] pIiy] Åij ls [kkuk Hkh gj nwljs&rhljs g¶rs ôkfjl* dgkuh ds iqYyk&iqYykbu csVs dk bartkj djrs gSa ysfdu ejuh&djuh 'kknh C;kg dk vk gh tkr gSA**29 ¼cM+dh&NqVdh ls½ csVk dHkh ugha vkrk vkSj ,d vk;k rks dQu esa fyiVdj

ekuokf/kdkj vkSj L=h l'kähdj.k % oSpkfjdrk & M‚- viZ.kk nhfIr ekuokf/kdkj euq"; ds lkekftd thou dh cqfu;kn gS rFkk gj euq"; ds ewyHkwr vfèkdkj gSA fdarq Hkkjrh; lekt esa cgqr gn rd fL=;k¡ buls oafpr gSAa vkt Hkh os lkekftd ,oa lkaL—frd lanHkZ esa xSjcjkcjh dk na'k >sy jgh gSAa dgus dks ,d rjQ tgk¡ L=h l'kähdj.k dks c<+kok fn;k tk jgk gS ogha nwljh vksj mUgsa ekuokfèkdkj tSlh ewyHkwr lqfo/kk ls oafpr jguk iM+ jgk gSA fL=;k¡ vkt Hkh rjg&rjg dh fgalk dk f'kdkj gks jgh gSAa ,sls esa ;g ç'u mBuk LokHkkfod gS] D;k 'kks"k.k dh f'kdkj ;s fL=;k¡ vius dks l'kä djus esa dqN lfØ; Hkwfedk fuHkk ik,¡xh\ L=h dks l'kä cukus dk ;g vFkZ drbZ ugha gS fd mUgsa vius L=hRo ds xq.k ls foeq[k gksuk iM+]s vFkok lekt ls vyx gksuk iM+As bls mudh iq#"kksa ls Li/kkZ ds :i esa drbZ ugha ns[kk tk ldrkA L=h dks l'kä cukus dk y{; gS fd og lkekftd mRFkku ds nkf;Ro esa O;kid lk>snkjh fuHkk ldsA ekuk tkrk gS fd fL=;k¡ iq#"kksa ds eqdkcys 'kkjhfjd {kerk esa derj gksrh gS]a dksey eu dh Lokfeuh Hkh ekuh tkrh gSAa bu lc phtksa ds vfrfjä mUgsa dksbZ 'kkjhfjd lqfo/kk ugha feyrhA dBksj nSfgd Je ls xqtjrs gq, xHkZ ,oa çlo tSlh çk.kkard ihM+k dks >syuk iM+rk gSA mls thouHkj i'kqvksa dh rjg [kVuk gSA vxj xyrh ls mlus viuk flj fgyk fn;k rks bls e;kZnk ,oa 'khy ds fo#) ekuk tkrk gSA L=h dks l'kä cukus ds fy, mls bl HksnHkko ls Åij mBkuk gh gksxkA Hkkjrh; lekt us iq#"kksa dks tgk¡ 'kkS;]Z ohjrk] vkØkedrk] fu;a=.k vkSj neu tSlh lqfoèkkvksa ls uoktk gS ogha og fL=;ksa ls R;kx] {kek] lgu'khyrk] mnkjrk vkSj eerk dh vkxzgiw.kZ ftn djrk gSA bu lc ds ihNs 'kkjhfjd xBu Hkh ,d eq[; dkj.k gSA ;gha ls L=h&iq#"k ds chp HksnHkko 'kq: gks tkrk gSA Hkkjrh; lekt gh ugha ifjys[k 'kks/k lanHkZ ¼bZif=dk½

deksc's k nqfu;k ds gj ns'k esa ;g ekuk tkrk jgk gS fd fopkj rFkk vFkZ miktZu dk {ks= iq#"kksa ds fy, vkjf{kr gS] fL=;k¡ buls oafpr gSAa gk¡] muds ikl vuqHko t:j gSA ?kj vkSj lekt us viuh bPNk ds vuqlkj lkekftd lqj{kk dk gokyk nsdj fL=;ksa ij dbZ rjg ds çfrca/k yxk fn, gSa tks ekuoh; lH;rk ds fo#) gSAa tSfod lekurk gksrs gq, Hkh fL=;ksa ij jgu&lgu vkSj crkZo lac/a kh fu;e vyx ls ykxw gksrs gSAa ,slk ekuk tkrk gS fd L=h dk lnkpkjiw.kZ LFkku ?kj ds Hkhrj gS] mls vius 'khy rFkk e;kZnk dk ikyu djuk gSA yacs ?kw¡?kV ls ysdj cSBus&lksus rd dh txgksa dk fu/kkZj.k dj fn;k tkrk gSA m¡ph vkokt esa cksyuk Hkh fL=;ksa dk xq.k ugha ekuk x;k gSA L=h ds ekuokfèkdkjksa ds ca/kdRo dh 'kq:vkr L=h dh iq#"kksa ij vkfFkZd fuHkZjrk ls gksrh gS D;ksfa d ^vFkZ gh O;fä dks vf/kdkj nsrk gS ftlds }kjk og viuh ifj;kstuk,¡ iwjh dj ldsA vusd fL=;k¡ pkgs os cgqr lk/kkj.k voLFkk esa gh D;ksa u gksa vkfFkZd vfèkdkjksa ls feyus okyh lqfo/kk dk egRo tkurh gSAa *1 ekuokf/kdkj psruk dk lanHkZ lalkj ds lHkh çkf.k;ksa dks vktkn thus dk gd gSA euq"; gh ,slk çk.kh gS tks vius LokFkZ ds fy, nwljksa dk gd Nhu ysrk gSA ;g Hkh lp gS fd vkneh vius lkjs vf/kdkjksa ds lkFk vktkn iSnk gksrk gS] ysfdu vkneh gh mlds os lkjs vf/kdkj Nhurs gSAa thou ds gj ,d igyw esa dHkh /keZ ds uke ij] dHkh dkuwu ds uke ij] dHkh jhfr&fjokt ds uke ij ekuokf/kdkjksa dk guu fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA i`Foh ij ekuo tUe ls gh Lora= rFkk vfèkdkjksa ds lanHkZ esa ,d leku gksrk gSA lewps ekuo lekt dk vf/kdkj lajf{kr jgs] bldh igyh 'krZ ;g gS fd çR;sd euq"; vius futh drZO;ksa dk iwjh rjg ikyu djsA ^euq"; ds lkekftd vkSj jktuSfrd nkf;Ro esa vf/kdkjksa vkSj drZO;ksa dk varfuZfgr lacèa k gSA*2 ^ekuokf/kdkj ns'kdky esa ifjorZu ds lkFk ugha cnyrs cfYd lnk vkSj loZ= euq"; gksus ds lkFk ;s vf/kdkj tqMs+ gksrs gSAa *3 vxj fdlh lekt esa ekuokf/kdkjksa dk laj{k.k vkSj lEeku ugha gksrk rks og lH;rk ds nkSj esa fiNM+ tkrk gSA la;ä q jk"Vª la?k }kjk 10 fnlacj] 1948 dks loZn's kh; ekuokf/kdkj dh

vad&1 % tuojh] 2017

ISSN Applied

izos'kkad 26 ?kks"k.kk gqbAZ lkFk gh fL=;ksa ds fo#) gksus okys lHkh çdkj ds dHkh&dHkh ifjfLFkfr;k¡ foijhr gks tkrh gSa ,oa thou esa bruh HksnHkko dks [kRe djus ds fy, 18 fnlacj] 1979 dks fL=;ksa dh dVqrk iSnk gks tkrh gS fd ,d nwljs dk lkFk nwHkj gks tkrk gSA lqj{kk gsrq Hkh ,d vfHkle; dk la;kstu fd;k x;kA Hkkjr ljdkj ^vr% fganw fookg vf/kfu;e&1955 dh /kkjk&13 ds varxZr rykd us Hkh bls Loh—fr nsrs gq, 1979 esa viuk fy;k rFkk ekuokf/kdkj dk çko/kku gSA ifr&iRuh nksuksa gh U;k;ky; ls fookg&foPNsn ds vk;ksx dh LFkkiuk dh xbZA 1993 esa dsæa rFkk jkT;ksa dks ekuokfèkdkj fy, ;kfpdk nk;j dj ldrs gSAa *7 Hkkjrh; lekt esa cky fookg dh lac/a kh ekeys lqy>kus ds fy, dsæa esa jk"Vªh; ekuokf/kdkj vk;ksx çFkk iqjkuh gSA bl dqçFkk ds f[kykQ O;kid lkekftd vfHk;ku rFkk jkT;ksa esa jkT; ljdkj ds ekuokf/kdkj vk;ksx dh LFkkiuk gqbAZ pys gSAa bu lcls cky fookg [kRe rks ugha gqvk ysfdu de vo'; fL=;ksa ds ekuokfèkdkj lac/a kh varjkZ"Vªh; çko/kkuksa dks /;ku esa j[krs gqvk gS] jktLFkku vkSj mÙkj çns'k bl ckr dk çek.k gSAa igyh ckj gq, fn, x, funsZ'k dqN bl çdkj gS& a ^fL=;ksa ls lacfa /kr ySfa xd lu 1926 esa cky fookg jksdus ds fy, vf/kfu;e ikfjr fd;k x;kA HksnHkko [kRe gks] jktuSfrd] lkekftd] vkfFkZd ,oa lkaL—frd {ks=ksa ftlesa yM+dksa ds fookg dh mez 18 o"kZ rFkk yM+fd;ksa dh 14 o"kZ esa iq#"kksa ds lkFk L=h dks Hkh ekuokf/kdkj rFkk cqfu;knh vf/kdkj j[kh xbZA lu 1979 esa bl vf/kfu;e esa la'kksèku gqvk rFkk fganw leku :i ls çkIr gksus pkfg,A vlekurk ij vk/kkfjr lkekftd fookg vf/kfu;e dh /kkjk&5 ¼3½ ds rgr yM+dh dh U;wure vk;q gSfl;r dh iwo/Z kkj.kkvksa dks Hkax fd;k tkuk pkfg,A ifjokj esa cPpksa lhek 18 o"kZ rFkk yM+ds dh 21 o"kZ j[kh xbZA fu;e dh vogsyuk ds ykyu&ikyu dk L=h&iq#"k dk leku nkf;Ro gSA ekr`Ro ij ltk dk çko/kku Hkh j[kk x;kA fdarq blds ckotwn Hkkjrh; lkekftd nkf;Ro gSA fL=;ksa ds fo#) gksus okys lHkh rjg ds fyax lekt esa cky fookg tSlh dqjhfr iui jgh gSA 'kks"k.k dks [kRe djus ds fy, fu;e fuekZ.k rFkk vuqdy w dkjZokbZ eqfLye ilZuy y‚ % L=h dh fLFkfr dh tkuh pkfg,A lkoZtfud {ks=ksa esa L=h dks iq#"kksa tSlk leku Lrj eqfLye lekt bu fnuksa vkRe eaFku ds nkSj ls xqtj jgk gSA blesa nsuk pkfg,A iq#"kksa ds lkFk fL=;ksa dks Hkh varjkZ"Vªh; eapksa ij tkus vf/kd fopkj gks jgk gS& eqfLye lekt dh fL=;ksa ds ckjs esAa rFkk viuh ljdkj dk çfrfuf/kRo djus dk cjkcj vf/kdkj çkIr eqfLye fL=;k¡ bu fnuksa lcls T;knk ftu leL;kvksa ls tw> jgh gSa gksA viuh ukxfjdrk dh ifjj{kk&ifjorZu esa fL=;ksa dks leku os gSa ngst rFkk rykdA ngst dh c<+rh ek¡xksa ds dkj.k xjhc vfèkdkj çkIr gksA ifr dh ukxfjdrk ds Qsjcny ls iRuh ds fy, ek¡&cki viuh csfV;ksa dks cw<s+ 'ks[kksa ds gkFk csp nsrs gSAa nwljk fcuk ;g vfuok;Z ugha gksxk fd og Hkh viuh ukxfjdrk cny nsA ifr dkj.k rykd] ifr dk ifjokj NksM+ dj pys tkuk] xqtkjk HkÙkk ;k Hkh blds fy, iRuh dks etcwj ugha dj ldrkA iq#"kksa ds lkFk f'k{kk fdlh Hkh çdkj dh dksbZ vkfFkZd lgk;rk ugha djukA cgqr ls ,sls çkIr djus dk vf/kdkj fL=;ksa dks Hkh gksuk pkfg,A dkedkt ds {ks= Hkh ekeys lkeus vk, gSa ftuesa ifr nwljk fookg djus ds fy, iRuh esa fL=;ksa dks iq#"kksa ds lkFk leku vf/kdkj lqjf{kr j[ks tk,¡A dks rykd nsdj pyk tkrk gS ;k fQj nwljh iRuh dks ?kj ys vkrk ifjokj fu;kstu lfgr lHkh LokLF; vf/kdkj esa L=h&iq#"k ds chp gS ,oa igyh iRuh dks cPpksa ds lkFk ?kj ls fudky nsrk gSA u rks lekurk gksA xHkkZoLFkk ;k çlo ds ckn L=h dks vfuok;Z ,oa eq¶r esgj dh jde nsrk gS u gh cPpksa dh ijofj'k dh dksbZ ftEesnkjh lsok,¡ çnku dh tkuh pkfg,A fL=;ksa ds fy, iks"k.k;qä vkgkj dh mBkrk gSA ;gk¡ eqfLye ilZuy y‚ ds ckjs esa tkuuk mi;ksxh gksxk O;oLFkk dh tkuh pkfg,A dkuwu ds vkxs L=h&iq#"k leku gksx a As fd “It says that a husband is expected to provide ‘cooked food’ and fookg ikfjokfjd fj'rs vkfn esa L=h&iq#"k ds leku vf/kdkjksa dh ‘stitched cloth’ to his wife. It also explicitely bars men from declaring talaq (divorce) in fit of anger or if he is intoxicated or partially sleep. It j{kk ds fy, dkuwu cuus pkfg,A*4 disallows divorce over the telephone, mobile texting or through fganw fookg vf/kfu;e ,oa L=h dh fLFkfr internet.”8 fdlh Hkh ns'k ds etcwr lkekftd fo/kku vFkok dkuwuh O;oLFkk esa oSls rks eqfLye lekt esa fookg ,d dkaVDªs V gS rFkk yM+dh ,oa lcds fy, U;k; vkSj lekurk dk vk'oklu gksuk pkfg,A ekuoh; mlds ifjokj okyksa dh ethZ ds vuqlkj fudkgukek cuuk pkfg, fgr esa buesa Qsjcny Hkh pyrk jgrk gSA dkuwuh O;oLFkk O;fä ds rkfd lac/a k&foPNsn ds le; mls esgj dh jde okil fey tk, O;ogkj dks funsfZ 'kr djrh gSA ^bfrgkl esa 'kfäiqt a cudj mHkjh ftlls mldk xqtkjk ;k fQj nwljh 'kknh gks ldsA fdarq tkucw>dj ukjh tc iq#"k&lÙkk ds le{k nch&dqpyh tkus yxh rc mUuhloha fudkg ds le; esgj dh jde bruh de fy[k nh tkrh gS fd lnh esa L=h leFkZu esa vusd lekt& lq/kkjdksa vkSj lkfgR;dkjksa us mldk dksbZ egRo ugha gksrk rFkk ;g jde rykd ds ckn Hkh fL=;ksa vkokt mBkbZA^5 ns'k dh vktknh ls igys gh fL=;ksa ds gd esa dkuwu dks ugha nh tkrhA ^/;ku jgs fd fof/k vk;ksx us fof/k ea=ky; dks cuus 'kq: gks x,A vktknh ds ckn Hkh fL=;ksa dh n'kk lq/kkjus ds ,d fjiksVZ lkSia h gS ftlesa dgk x;k gS fd ,d ls vf/kd fookg fy, yacs pkSMs+ dkuwu cusA Hkkjrh; lafo/kku us 1955 esa fganw fookg djuk bLyke ds ewY;ksa ds foijhr gSA*9 vc ç'u ;g mBrk gS fd vfèkfu;e *,* ds rgr eqfLye leqnk; dks NksMd + j *,d fookg* dks eqlyeku dks pkj 'kknh djus dh btktr fdlus ns nhA ^ifo= gh ekU;rk çnku dh rFkk cgqfookg dks fganv q ksa ds fy, naMuh; dqjvku dk vkns'k gS fd vkSjr dks gj gky esa vius enZ ;kuh fd vijk/k ekukA ^Hkkjrh; naM lafgrk&1860 dh /kkjk&494 ds rgr] ifr ds gqDeksa dh Qjekcjnkjh djuh pkfg,A ysfdu ;g Li"V ugha ;fn dksbZ O;fä ,d iRuh ds jgrs gq,] mlds thou&dky esa gh fd;k x;k gS fd enZ dks viuh choh dh ckr ekuuh pkfg, ;k fQj nwljk fookg djrk gS rks og f}fookg dk nks"kh gksxkA vkSj mls lkr mls choh dh f[kner ugha djuh pkfg,( D;k ,slk djuk enksZa dh o"kZ dh ltk Hkqxruh gksxhA /kkjk&495 esa ,sls O;fä ds fy, nl o"kZ enkZuxh ds f[kykQ gS\*10 çk;% ;g dgk tkrk gS fd bLyke us dh ltk dh ckr dgh xbZ gS] tks fd çFke fookg dh ckr fNikdj vkSjrksa dks cjkcjh dk ntkZ ns j[kk gS& ^ek¡] cgu] choh vkSj csVh nwljk fookg djrk gSA*6 fganw èkeZ esa fookg dks vR;ar egRoiw.kZ vFkkZr bldk gj fj'rk xfjekiw.kZ vkSj lEekuuh; gSA bldks cki] laLdkj ekuk tkrk gSA ;g L=h iq#"k lac/a kksa dks ekU;rk çnku djrk ifr vkSj csVksa dh tk;nkn esa Hkkxhnkj cuk;k x;k gS vkSj ?kj esa og gS rFkk ifr&iRuh ds yacs thou dks lkgp;Z çnku djrk gSA fdarq ifr dh çfrfufèk vkSj dk;Zokfgdk gSA*11 ^tks yksx cgjgky bLyke ifjys[k 'kks/k lanHkZ ¼bZif=dk½

vad&1 % tuojh] 2017

ISSN Applied

izos'kkad 27 dk gokyk nsdj pkj 'kknh dh odkyr djrs gSa mUgsa tjk iSxca j dh HksnHkko] vU;k; vkSj 'kks"k.k ds f[kykQ O;kid vfHk;ku NsMu+ s dh ftanxh ds gj igyw ij xkSj djuk pkfg,A ;g ckr lcdks ekywe ?kks"k.kk dh xbZA ;kSu mRihM+u vkSj eknk&Hkz.w k gR;k tSls t?kU; gksxh fd tc iSxca j us igyh 'kknh dh rks og egt 21 lky ds FksA vR;kpkjksa ds fo#) çpkj ,oa tkx:drk vfHk;ku çkjaHk fd;k mUgksua s igyh 'kknh ml fo/kok ls dh Fkh ftldh mez rdjhcu 40 x;kA fu/kZu efgykvksa dks vkRefuHkZj cukus dk ç;kl fd;k x;kA ds vklikl FkhA*12 tks yksx bLyke dh nqgkbZ nsdj enksZa ds fy, Qyr% Hkkjrh; fL=;ksa esa viuh laHkkoukvksa dh igpku fodflr gqbAZ pkj 'kknh dk gokyk nsrs gS]a D;k muesa dksbZ ,slh fgEer fn[kk ^Indian women are fast recognising that they have a range of talent, skill, energy and passion that is unique and can be harnessed by ldrk gS tSlh iSxca j eqgEen lkgc us fn[kkbZ\ companies for better business preferring to hire more women on top blesa langs ugha fd ekuokf/kdkjksa dh j{kk dh ladYiuk Hkkjr esa and boards to bring greater ‘rationalisation’ to the orgnisation and better dkQh iqjkuh gSA Hkkjrh; èkeZ xzFa kksa esa ekuokf/kdkjksa dh j{kk dh reflect the market place where majority of key buyers, investors and 13 ladYiuk vfgalk] lfg".kqrk] {kek] laons uk] nku] loZèkeZleHkko] customers are now women.* èkkfeZd Lora=rk vkfn ewY;ksa ds :i esa çdV gqbZ gSA bu ewY;ksa esa vfHkçk; ;g gS fd foxr lkS lky dh rqyuk esa Hkkjrh; L=h ds ekuokfèkdkjksa dk ftruk o`gr çfriknu Hkkjrh; fparu esa gqvk lkekftd ifjos'k esa vkewypwy ifjorZu gqvk gS ,oa dqN Lokoyach mruk vU;= dgha ughaA Hkkjr dh ,sfrgkfld ijaijk bu ekuokfèkdkjksa vkSj vkRefuHkZj L=h Nfo mHkjdj lkeus vkbZ gSA vxj L=h dks ls vksr&çksr gSA fL=;ksa dks vewY; ekuo fuf/k ekudj Hkkjr ljdkj l'kä cuk;k tk, rks og u dsoy ifjokj dks cfYd lekt dks Hkh us muds dY;k.k] fodkl vkSj l'kähdj.k ds fy, Bksl dne l'kä cuk ldrh gS rFkk bl çdkj gtkjksa yk[kksa yksxksa dk thou q dh dfork dk bl lanHkZ esa mYys[k mBk, gSAa ^l'kä ukjh l'kä lekt* dh vo/kkj.kk dks iq"V djrs cny ldrk gSA fueZyk iqry djuk lehphu gks x k& ^mBks fd vaèkdkj ds f[kykQ mBks@mBks gq, ns'k esa ljdkjh ,oa xSj ljdkjh lHkh Lrjksa ij efgykvksa dks vius ihNs py jgs lkft'kks a ds f[kykQ@mBks fd rqe tgk¡ gks ogk¡ l'kä cukus dh fn'kk esa igy 'kq: gqbAZ L=h dh fNih fof'k"Vrkvksa ;k {kerkvksa dks fodflr djuk L=h l'kähdj.k dk y{; gSA L=h ls mBks]@tSls rwQku esa coaMj mBrk gS]@mBrh gS jk[k esa nch l'kähdj.k efgykvksa esa vkrafjd 'kfä dk fodkl djrs gq, muesa fpuxkjhA* vkRefo'okl txkuk rFkk mudh {kerkvksa vkSj foy{k.krkvksa dk lanHkZ 1- fleksu n cksmvkj] vuqokn( çHkk [ksrku % L=h misf{krk] i`- 318 çdk'ku dj mUgsa lekt ds fodkl ls tksMu+ k pkgrk gSA Hkkjr ds 2- ekuokf/kdkj] varjjk"Vªh; çi=ksa dk ladyu % jk"Vªh; ekuokf/kdkj vk;ksx }kjk çdkf'kr] i`- 3 flag] ekuokf/kdkj % ok;ns vkSj gdhdr( i`- 9 jk"Vªh; fu;kstu esa L=h l'kähdj.k dk lS)kafrd rkSj ij /;ku j[kk 3-4- M‚-txthr çehyk ds-ih-] vkSjr dh vfHkO;fä ,oa vkneh dk vf/kdkj] i`-119( 120( 121 5- dqeqn 'kekZ] vk/kh nqfu;k dk lp] i`- 112 x;kA ukSoha iapo"khZ; ;kstuk esa efgyk l'kähdj.k dk eqík çeq[k 6- ogh] i`- 120 ogh] i`-118 jgk ,oa 2001 dks ^L=h l'kähdj.k o"kZ* ?kksf"kr fd;k x;kA jk"Vªh; 7-8- Dowry act to follow muslim law; Deccan Chronicle, 20 Feb. 2011 9voyks efgyk ,oa cky fodkl foHkkx] dsæa h; lekt dY;k.k cksM]Z jk"Vªh; 10- ogh du-Cy‚xLi‚V-d‚e % bLyke vkSj pkj 'kknh % vuo#y gd lqjS;k] islamdharm.org tu lg;ksx ,oa cky fodkl laLFkku rFkk jk"Vªh; efgyk dks'k ds 11-12- M‚-voyksdeyk du-Cy‚xLi‚V-d‚e % bLyke vkSj pkj 'kknh % vuo#y gd ek/;e ls efgykvksa ds lexz fodkl vkSj l'kähdj.k ds fy, 13- Fair show by the Fairer sex; Yasmin Taj; The Times of India, pg-1; 8 March 2010 cgqvk;keh uhfr;k¡ ykxw dh xbZAa lekt esa yM+fd;ksa ds lkFk c<+rs

[kyhy ftczku ds lw= okD; &lR; dks tkuuk pkfg, ij mldks dguk dHkh&dHkh pkfg,A &nku'khyrk ;g ugha gS fd rqe eq>s og oLrq ns nks] ftldh eq>s vko';drk rqels vf/kd gS] cfYd ;g gS fd rqe eq>s og oLrq nks] ftldh vko';drk rqEgsa eq>ls vf/kd gSA &dqN lq[kksa dh bPNk gh esjs nq%[kksa dk va'k gSA &;fn rqe vius vanj dqN fy[kus dh çsj.kk dk vuqHko djks rks rqEgkjs Hkhrj ;s ckrsa gksuh pkfg,& 1- Kku dyk dk tknw] 2'kCnksa ds laxhr dk Kku vkSj 3- Jksrkvksa dks eksg ysus dk tknwA &;fn rqEgkjs gkFk #i, ls Hkjs gq, gSa rks fQj os ijekRek dh oanuk ds fy, dSls mB ldrs gSaA &cgqr&lh fL=;k¡ iq#"kksa ds eu dks eksg ysrh gSaA ijarq fcjyh gh fL=;k¡ gSa tks vius o'k esa j[k ldrh gSaA &tks iq#"k fL=;ksa ds NksVs&NksVs vijk/kksa dks {kek ugha djrs] os muds egku xq.kksa dk lq[k ugha Hkksx ldrsA &fe=rk lnk ,d e/kqj mÙkjnkf;Ro gS] u fd LokFkZiwfrZ dk voljA &eafnj ds }kj ij ge lHkh fHk[kkjh gh gSaA &;fn vfrfFk ugha gksrs rks lc ?kj dcz cu tkrsA ifjys[k 'kks/k lanHkZ ¼bZif=dk½

&;fn rqEgkjs ân; esa bZ"kZ~;k] ?k`.kk dk Tokykeq[kh /k/kd jgk gS] rks rqe vius gkFkksa esa Qwyksa ds f[kyus dh vk'kk dSls dj ldrs gks\ &;FkkFkZ esa vPNk ogh gS tks mu lc yksxksa ls feydj jgrk gS tks cqjs le>s tkrs gSaA &blls cM+k vkSj D;k vijk/k gks ldrk gS fd nwljksa ds vijk/kksa dks tkurs jgsaA &;FkkFkZ egkiq#"k og vkneh gS tks u nwljs dks vius v/khu j[krk gS vkSj u Lo;a nwljksa ds v/khu gksrk gSA &vfr'k;ksfä ,d ,slh ;FkkFkZrk gS tks vius vkis ls ckgj gks xbZ gSA &nku'khyrk ;g gS fd viuh lkeFkZ~; ls vf/kd nks vkSj LokfHkeku ;g gS fd viuh vko';drk ls de yksA &lalkj esa dsoy nks rRo gSa& ,d lkSan;Z vkSj nwljk lR;A lkSan;Z çse djus okyksa ds ân; esa gS vkSj lR; fdlku dh Hkqtkvksa esaA &bPNk vk/kk thou gS vkSj mnklhurk vk/kh ekSrA &fu%lansg ued esa ,d foy{k.k ifo=rk gS] blhfy, og gekjs vk¡lqvksa esa Hkh gS vkSj leqæ esa HkhA &;fn rqe tkfr] ns'k vkSj O;fäxr i{kikrksa ls tjk Å¡ps mB tkvks rks fu%lansg rqe nsork ds leku cu tkvksxsA

vad&1 % tuojh] 2017

ISSN Applied

izos'kkad

28 dguk gS fd ^^gkyr ;g gks xbZ fd xyh dk dqÙkk Hkh mlds lkeus enZokyk gSA**6 dcwrjk yksx mPp tkfr ls ckr djuk rks nwj os isM& + ikS/ks Hkh ugha Nwrs gSAa Hkkjr o"kZ dh lekt lajpuk fofHkUu oxksZa esa foHkDr gSA foosP; dFkkdkj eS=;s h iq"ik us vius miU;klksa esa fofHkUu ukjh oxZ dk & vatq ikaM; s ltho o.kZu fd;k gSA ^^csrok cgrh jgh** miU;kl dh ukf;dk fuEue/; oxZ dh gS tks vHkkoksa esa thou O;rhr djus ds fy, ck/; eS=;s h iq"ik ds iz[kj O;fDrRo dh >yd le;&le; ij vyx&vyx gSA bldh ukf;dk dgrh gS fd ^^gekjk lkekftd vfLrRo gh gekjh lanHkksZa esa L=h&foe”kZ ij[k ys[kksa o fVIif.k;ksa ds tfj, c[kwch fey lkekftd psruk dk fu/kkZj.k djrk gSA**7 odhy ls C;kg djds Hkh tkrh gSA eS=;s h iq"ik fganh lkfgR; txr dk ,d ifjfpr uke gSA mls dHkh lq[k ugha feyrk gSA blh rjg 'khyks ^>wykuV* dh ize[q k mUgksua s vius miU;klksa esa L=h&thou dh folaxfr;ksa ,oa foMacukvksa ik= gS ftldh Ng vaxfq y;k¡ gS(a tks ik¡p lky NksVk nsoj dh 'kS;k dh varjax lPpkb;ksa dk csckd [kqyk fp=.k] rdksZa dh dlkSVh ij lafxuh rks curh gh gS] vkSj nwljs fookg ls badkj dj nsrh gSA ftl rjg fd;k gS] mlls ikBd vfHkHkwr gq, fcuk ugha jg ldrkA ^^”khyks ds pfj= ds bl fgLls dks dsna z esa j[kdj ns[krs rks miU;kl muds vuqHkoksa us mudh {kerk dks ,d rh[kh o iSuh n`f"V iznku dh ,d L=h ikB dh rjg yxsxkA**8 eS=;s h th dh ukf;dk viuk gSA ;gh otg gS fd ys[ku ds {ks= esa vki dh vyx igpku gSA vyx&vyx Nfo fn[kkrh gSA ^vfxuik[kh* miU;kl dh ukf;dk okn&fooknksa ds dB?kjs esa L=h iz'uksa ls tw>rh eS=;s h iq’ik us viuh fookfgr gksdj Hkh oSokfgd lq[k ls oafpr jgrh gSA ^^vEek esjh ys[kuh dks ek/;e cuk;kA vius miU;klksa esa yksd pfj= ds ek/;e nqfu;k vyx gSA eSa fnu esa dSls Hkh jg yw¡ ijarq jkrsa dkVus dks nkSMr+ h ls L=h&thou dh Nfo;ksa dks cM+s gh ekfeZd <ax ls mHkkjk gSA ^csrok gSA**9 bl rjg Hkqoueksfguh viuk nq%[k viuh ek¡ dks crkrh gS fd cgrh jgs*] ^bnUuee*] ^pkd*] ^>wykuV*] ^fotu*] ^vYek dcwrjh* vkSj fdl nq%[kksa ls gksdj og thou fcrk jgh gSA ^vfxuik[kh* esa fL=;ksa ds thou ds fofoèk :i dks ns[kk tk ldrk eS=;s h iq’ik us ukjh thou dh lai.w kZ dFkk vkSj O;Fkk dks ,d u, gSA lk¡ps esa fijks;k gSA MkW- usgk tks ^fotu* miU;kl dh ukf;dk gS pkjksa eS=;s h iq"ik ds miU;klksa dh fL=;k¡ fdl rjg fxj&fxj dj vius rjQ ls ifjfLFkfr;ksa ls f?kjh gqbZ gSA mldk fgr u pkgus okyh thou dks vkxs c<+krh gSa ;g lk/kkj.k euq"; ds cldh ckr ugha gSA vkHkk dk Hkh og [kqydj fojks/k ugha dj ikrhA og dgrh gS& ^êSa bnUuee dh eankfduh vius dks cM+h eqf”dy ls laHkkydj vkxs rks vHkkoksa dh ekjh gw¡ ft/kj ns[kks jkr dk va/ksjk gSA**10 ,d c<+hA ^êankfduh mlh xk¡o esa tk jgh gS] tgk¡ mlds fy, 'kks[k ujd izfrHkk'kkyh ltZu gksdj Hkh usgk 'kknh ds ckn fiatjs esa can i{kh dh rS;kj gSA**1 L=h dks fdl rjg vius thou esa le>kSrk djuk iM+rk rjg NViVkrh gSA MkW- usgk dks gj oDr ;gh yxrk gS fd vc gS] yksxksa dk mykguk vkSj rkuk lquuk iM+rk gS ;g Hkh fL=;ksa ds èkS;Z mldh vktknh mlls nwj rks xbZA og dsoy ,d 'kks ihl gSA og dh lhek dh gh ,d dM+h gSA eankfduh dh lkl mldh eklwe csVh eglwl djrh gS& ^^MkWDVj gksus ds ukrs eSa ,d 'kks ihl cudj jg ls dgrh gS&^^rksjh egrkjh us vius eLrkusiu esa dqN u fopkjkA xbZ gw¡] eSa ,d ,slh esMy gw¡ ftls yksx ns[k ldrs ij Nw ugha ldrs tc viuh tokuh ugha laHkky ik jgh Fkh rks dkgs dks lrh lkfo=h gSAa **11 MkW- usgk vareq[Z kh O;fDrRo ds gksus ds dkj.k vkRefo”okl dh cuhA**2 lkr lky ckn Hkh eankfduh dks mldh csVh ls ugha feyus deh gksus ds dkj.k viuh bPNkvksa dks [kqydj dHkh Hkh ifr vkSj fn;k tkrk gSA fQj Hkh bl O;oLFkk ds ,d 'khy L=h ds lHkh xq.k llqj ds lkeus ugha j[kk ikrh gSA ijarq og nwljh vkSjrksa ls dgrh mlds vanj >ydrk gSA gS fd ^^vaèksjs ls Mjks ugha MV dj mldk lkeuk djksA**12 dHkh Hkh Lokra«;ksÙkj Hkkjr esa Hkh iq#"k iz/kku lekt viuh lkearh izFkk ls viuh bPNk dk guu ugha djuk pkfg, D;ksfa d vxj gekjh bPNk futkr ugha ik ldk ftldk izek.k ^pkd* esa ns[kk tk ldrk gSA nc tkrh gS rks cgqr nq%[k gksrk gSA eS=;s h iq"ik vius miU;klksa esa ^^ftl fnu C;kg dj vkbZ Fkh] jathr flag dk lhuk pkSMk+ gks x;kA 'kgjh ifjos'k dks xzkeh.k ifjos'k ls tksMd + j lk/kkj.k L=h ds lkFk fon~oku cgw gj ckr dh Å¡p&uhp laHkky lq/kkj tkurh gSA**3 gj mls tulkèkkj.k rd igq¡pkus dk iz;kl tks fd;k gS og okLro esa L=h ij rkjhQ dk u'kk lokj gksrk gSA lkjax Hkh bl rkjhQ dk [kwc ljkguh; gSA L=h foe'kZ ds rgr fir`lÙkkRed ewY;ks]a nksgjs uSfre etk ysrh gSA tc dksbZ vkSjr vkn”kksZa ,oa ijaijkvksa dks ugha ekurh ekunaMks]a fyax Hksn dh dqfRlr jktuhfr o lkekftd ekU;rkvksa dks gS rc mls lt+k nh tkrh gSA L=h bl lekt esa dsoy HkksX;k gSA >d>ksj dj j[k fn;k gSA lfn;ksa ls ccZj ,oa L=h fojks/kh O;oLFkk vxj og vius eu dh djrh gS rc mls yksgk xje djds nkx fn;k us L=h dks dne&dne ij jkSna us dh dksf'k'k dh gS] mlds O;fDrRo tkrk gSA ^pkd* miU;kl dh ukf;dk ^îkapUuk choh ¼ftank½ i'kq dh ,oa vfLrRo dks udkjk gS( mls pqukSrh nsrh gqbZ eS=;s h iq’ik dh L=h rjg nkx nh xbZA**4 ^pkd* miU;kl dh ukf;dk cM+h cgw dgrh gS lnSo Lora=rk dh ek¡x djrh gSA fd tkV tkfr dks viuh bTtr I;kjh gksrh gS blds fy, og dqN lanHkZ i`- 397 Hkh dj ldrk gSA ^^lkjax] tkVksa dks vxj irk yxrk gS fd mudh 1-2- eSeS==ss;;hh iqiq""ik]ik] bnUuee] bnUuee] i`- 268 pkd] i`- 225 cgw] csVh ds lkFk dkSu Fkk rks os ml enZ dh xnZu mM+k nsrs gSAa **5 3-4- eSeS==ss;;hh iqiq""ik]ik] pkd] i`- 70 i`- 10 iq#"k dsoy L=h ij gh dgj Mkyuk tkurk gSA eS=;s h th ds ^vYek 5-6- eSeS==ss;;hh iqiq""ik]ik] pkd] pkd] i`- 88 dcwrjh* esa fpf=r dcwrj tkfr ,d ,slh tkfr gS tks lekt esa 7- eS=s;h iq"ik] csrok cgrh jgh] i`- 117 8- eS=s;h iq"ik] >wykuV] i`- 92 fcYdqy vyx&vyx gSA lekt esa vxj dksbZ tkfr buls lac/a k 9- eS=s;h iq"ik] vfxuik[kh] i`- 74 10- eS=s;h iq"ik] fotu] i`- 38 j[krh gS rks og cfg"—r dj nh tkrh gSA dcwrjk budh cLrh esa 11- eS=s;h iq"ik] fotu] i`- 48 vkus ls mldh bTtr nks dkSMh+ dh gks tkrh gSA eS=;s h iq"ik dk 12- eS=s;h iq"ik] fotu] i`- 226

eS=;s h iq"ik ds miU;klksa esa L=h la?k"kZ

ifjys[k 'kks/k lanHkZ ¼bZif=dk½

vad&1 % tuojh] 2017

ISSN Applied

izos'kkad

29 'kkyw dks duq us mlds lkFk Hkyk&cqjk ns[kk mlus lkspk FkkA duq dh ek¡ fuf'pr gh cgqr nq%[kh jghaA duq ds ikl vk tkrha vkSj nsj rd mek ds fo"k; esa gh ckrsa djrh jgrhaA firk brus cM+s lnes ds ckn Hkh muds ikl cSBrs ugha] bldk Hkh mUgsa cgqr nq%[k FkkA duq dks irk pyk fd mlds firk th dh rch;r [kjkc gS rc ogha Hkkxh pyhA firk dk 'kkar eqLdqjkrk gqvk psgjk] gksBa g¡lrs gq,A lq[k nq%[kksa dh rjg yacs D;ksa ugha gks ldrs\ ek¡ dk Vhdk Hkh iq¡N x;kA os cgqr vèkhj vkSj vLr&O;Lr gks xbZA csVh vkSj ifr dks [kksdj ftanxh ftl izdkj Hkkjrh; lekt dh ek¡ & xkSfl;k dkV ldrh gS os dkVus yxhaA csVs dk bZ'oj ekudj mlds ifjokj —".kk vfXugks=h ds miU;kl ^ckr ,d vkSjr dh* esa L=h l'kDrhdj.k dh vkjk/kuk djuk gh mudk /;s; gks x;kA mudh bPNkuqlkj gh ` lkjh tk;nkn gj”kw ds uke fy[k nh ds vfrfjDr L=h ds vlarks"k vkSj vkØks'k dh vfHkO;fDr ds fofo/k duq us vius Hkkx dh iSrd izdkj ds mnkgj.k feyrs gSAa tc L=h vius ij gks jgs vR;kpkj D;ksfa d og ek¡ dks Bhd rjg ls ns[k ldsA dHkh duq dks yxrk Fkk vFkok HksnHkko ds dkj.kksa ij fopkj djrh gS rks lgu'khyrk dk fd ogha tkdj ftanxh lekIr dj ns] ijarq lhus ls /kM+drh uUgha vkoj.k mrkj djog vius vlarks"k vkSj vkØks'k dh vfHkO;fDr uhfyekA mls dkSu nks le; dk Hkkstu nsxk\ y[kuÅ ds okrkoj.k djrh gSA ysf[kdk us n'kkZ;k gS fd duq dks gk;j lsdM a jh esa vaxt sz h esa ru rks <ad tk,xk ijarq og D;k cu tk,xh\ duq dk;j Fkh ;k dk miU;kl ^fiztuj vkWQ tsM a k* i<+uk iM+k FkkA yxkrkj nks o"kZ cqtfny] ij ejh ughaA ,d ubZ duq vk xbZ] tks LokfHkekuh FkhA vc rd yM+ds mls fizl a l s Qysfo;k dgrsA duq dk eu tc cgqr og fdlh vU;k; ds izfr flj ugha >qdk,xhA ft,xh] mu lcds ?kcjkus yxrk rks og /khjs ls dbZ i= Hkxoku ds uke fy[k nsrh vkSj lkeus ft,xh ftUgksua s mlls vkSj ftanxh Nhudj mls vukFk cuk pqids ls fdlh isM+ ds uhps mUgsa i<+dj jksr& s jksrs QkM+ MkyrhA bl fn;k gSA duq bl rjg viuh ftanxh ds izfr nq%[k dk vuqHko izdV izdkj og cpiu ls gh vkRexksiu dh izof` Ùk ls xzLr jghA ijarq tc dj jgh gSA ijarq og ftanxh ls gkjuk ugha pkgrh gSA ek¡ us ek;dk latw us ml ij gkFk mBk;k rks bl ?kjsyw fgalk ds fo#) mlus NksM+ fn;k] mlds ckn ugha ykSVhaA ,dne ckS[kykbZ] fpM+fpM+h vkSj :[kh gks xbZA ysfdu duq dks le> ugha iM+k fd ;s ogha ek¡ rks gS viuh izfrfØ;k vkSj vlarks"k dks izdV djuk vko';d le>kA duq us igyh ckj dqN rudj iwNk] ^^vki tks pkgsa djrs gS]a rc eq> tks viuh csVh ds d"V dks mruk Hkh ugha uki ldha ftruk ij bl rjg gkFk mBkus dk D;k vFkZ gS\a ;fn vki eq>s lkFk ugha vko';d FkkA mUgsa rks vkSj vfèkd ek¡ ds csVh ds izfr drZO; dk j[kuk pkgrs rks lkQ dfg,] lcds lkeus esjs lkFk tkuojksa dk lk vglkl gksuk FkkA O;ogkj D;ksa djrs gS\a **1 duq ds bl dFku ls vk/kqfud L=h dh duq vkfQl ls ykSVhA lqyHkk dks NksVh yM+dh lquhrk gks pqdh Fkh tkx:drk] vkRelEeku] ?kjsyw fgalk dk fojks/k] Li"V n`f"Vdks.k vkSj vkSj bl ckj lqyHkk dks vf/kd rst ekufld nkSjk iM+kA yM+dh n`<r+ k dk irk pyrk gSA ysf[kdk us ,d LFkku ij n”kkZ;k gS fd ns[krs gh cM+cM+kus yxhA jkr&jkr jksrh ml cPph dk xyk nckdj f'kdkj esa ,d e`xh us Hkkxrs le; viuk cPpk ogha NksM+ fn;k] Lo;a gh bl nqfu;k ls gV tkus dh ckr mlds fnekx ij gkoh gks lat; mls ?kj mBk yk;k ijarq og vf/kd fnu th ugha ldkA tkrhA tks ml ij chrh gS] og cPpksa ij ugha chruh pkfg,A blh mldh vk¡[ksa ,slh gh FkhaA cPps dks lhus ls yxkdj duq lnk lksprh fu.kZ; us mls vkRegR;k ls jksd fy;kA duq dks ukSdjh ugha feyhA jgh fd dgha mlls Hkh rks mldk cPpk blh rjg ugha fNu tk,xkA og ijs'kku FkhA rc duq ?kj esa izo”s k djrs gh uhyw lkeus [kM+h gks lkrosa fnu gh cPps dks fueksfu;k gks x;k vkSj jksrh&flldrh viuh xbZ( duq us ckr Vky nhA uhyw us ek¡ dh vk¡[ksa ns[kdj lc le>k] ^îkik dks dqN #i, Hkstus dks fy[kw¡ D;k\**5 uhyw us iwNkA duq ek¡ dh xksn esa mlus vkf[kjh lk¡l NksM+ nhA lekt esa tkfr&Hksn ds dkj.k n'kZu dk fookg ugha gks ik;kA ckjkr tkurh gS fd latho #i, rks Hkst nsxk] ijarq cjkcj fy[ksxk fd mu tkrs le; rd n'kZu [kq'k fn[khA blds ckn og rqjra LVs'ku tkus nksuksa dks ogk¡ ykSV vkuk pkfg,A lHkh fL=;ksa ds eu esa ,sls gh fopkj ds fy, rS;kj gqbAZ cgqr jksb]Z bruk fd mls le>kus tSlh fLFkfr gh vk,¡x]s vius ifr ds lkFk fdlh Hkh ijkbZ L=h dks iRuh Lohdkj ugha ugha Fkh] dsoy duq mlds flj ij gkFk j[ks jghA ^êjuk rks eq>s gS dj ldrhA gh] rc blh rjg vius lkFk ujd gh esa ej tkus nsrAs HkkHkh] eq>ls Lej.kh; gS fd lfn;ksa ls iq#"klÙkkRed lekt us L=h dks laLdkjksa iwNs fcuk gh mUgksua s fookg ds fy, gk¡ D;ksa dj nh\**2 n'kZu lanhi ds uke ij ck¡/k dj j[kk gSA os dSn gks pqdh Fkh bu ijaijkxr dks {kek djus dh fLFkfr esa ugha FkhA ^^HkkHkh] ;gk¡ tks Hkh Hkyk&cqjk laLdkjksa esa ;g lkspdj fd ;g ca/ku mldh lqj{kk ds fy, gSA tc chrrk gS mldk lekpkj nsuk esjk drZO; gSA rqEgsa lqudj vk”p;Z mldk eksgHkax gqvk rks mls ;g vglkl gqvk fd lkekftd caèkuksa vkSj nq%[k gksxk fd lanhi HkS;k dh e`R;q ^gkVZ vVSd* ls gks xbZ vc us mls canh cuk fy;k gSA mlds vfLrRo dks mlls nwj dj fn;k rqEgkjs nks esa ls ,d nsoj gh 'ks"k jgkA cgqr euk djus ij mUgksua s gS rks og lpsr gks xbZA bu lkekftd :f<+;ksa ds izfr fonzkgs dj ihuk ugha NksMk+ A**3 ,dne duq fc[kj iM+h FkhA ogha r[r ij vkSaèkh mBhA lekt esa L=h ds lkFk vkfFkZd] 'kkjhfjd] HkkoukRed vkfn dbZ gksdj jksrh jghA 'kkyw duq dks dldj idM+h FkhA ^ôs ugha ej izdkj ls 'kks"k.k gksrk jgk gSA tc L=h dks viuh vkfFkZd] ckSf)d ldrs] eq>s NksMd + j Lo;a ugha tk,¡xAs rqe MkWDVj dks cqykvks duq] vkSj ekufld rkdr dk vanktk gqvk og gj {ks= esa iq#"k ds cjkcj ns[kks os fdl rjg HkkSa fldksMs+ gSAa mUgsa esjh fpark gS-- ugha] os ugha tk ds vf/kdkjksa dh ek¡x djus yxh vkSj mlus mUgsa ik Hkh fy;kA ldrsA**4 duq dh fgpfd;k¡ ca/k xbZ FkhaA mldh jks&jksdj vk¡[ksa lwt lfn;ksa dh cafnuh vc [kqyh gok esa lk¡l ysus yxh gSA mldh gj xbZ FkhaA fxjh'k ejdj bl rjg njokts ij iM+k gksxk vkSj ftl izdkj dh mM+ku us mls lekt es]a ifjokj esa ,d vge LFkku fnyk

—".kk vfXugks=h ds miU;kl ^ckr ,d vkSjr dh* esa L=h la?k"kZ

ifjys[k 'kks/k lanHkZ ¼bZif=dk½

vad&1 % tuojh] 2017

ISSN Applied

izos'kkad 30 fn;k gSA og lkekftd :f<+;ksa dk fojks/k djus yxhA og fookg dks viuh vktknh ds fy, #dkoV le>us yxhA iq#"k eaxylw= dh nqgkbZ nsdj mls lfn;ksa rd dSn djds j[kkA vr% vkt og fookg dk fojks/k dj jgh gS vkSj viuh bPNk ls lgthou dks vR;f/kd ekU;rk ns jgh gSA bl miU;kl esa :f<+;ksa dk fojks/k dj lHkh L=h dks crk;k x;k gSA duq dh lkl latw ls dgrh gS&^^csVs rsjs esa D;k deh gS\ bruk cM+k vQlj gSA lanq j! rsjh cgw rks iSjksa dh /kwy gh yxrh gSA bls esjs lkFk y[kuÅ NksM+ ns] esjh lsok djsxh vkSj dqN lh[k Hkh tk,xhA duq esa Hkkjh ifjorZu gqvkA mls lat; ds 'kjhj ls fp<+ gks xbZA mlus okbu ih] ijarq gks'k jgus rd og lat; ls ?k`.kk djrh jgrhA fiVrh] ij iyax rd u tkrhA 'kkyw us Hkh isfa Vax Dykl Tokbu dj yh vkSj os nksuksa eLr gksdj /khjs ls ?kj ykSVrh Qyoj&'kks dh [kq'kcw dh rjg mudh ckrsa egdrh jgrhaA egs’k dks ogha 'kkyw us ns[kk vkSj /khjs ls cksyh] rq>s ilan djrk gSA rqe i<+kbZ tkjh j[kks] rkfd ge dqN lksprs jgsA**6 tc ftanxh {kf.kd gS rks {k.kksa dks bl rjg D;ksa fcrkuk fd mudh Le`fr rd 'kjhj esa 'kksyksa dh rjg tyrh jgs vkSj vanj 'ks"k jgs ,slh jk[k tks u Hkhrj dqN iSnk djs u ckgjA duq us Hkh fp<+dj mÙkj ns fn;k FkkA ^^rc Hkh dqN rks thou dk mn~n's ; gksrk gh gSA vkf[kj fdlh ,d O;fDr ds fy, gh rks balku ugha thrkA**7 dgus dk vFkZ ;gh gS fd tc fookg lq[kh u gks rks ikVZuj cny ysus esa D;k cqjk gSA dksbZ gkfu ugha] vkidk vFkZ ikVZuj cnyus ls ;fn O;fHkpkj ughaA fookg laLFkk cPpksa ds fy,] lekt esa ,d x`gLFkh pykus ds fy, jgrh gSA mldk viuk LFkku gSA ysfdu vius vfLrRo dks rks ugha rksMu+ k pkfg,A ^^esjh le> ls rks ifr&iRuh dk tc rd lkFk gS ,dfu"B jguk vfuok;Z gS --- /keZ drZO;] ekU;rk vkfn os ugha fuHkk ldrs rks mUgsa b/kj&m/kj HkVdus dh txg iqu% ;ksX; lkFkh <w¡<d + j nwljk fookg dj ysuk pkfg,A**8 nknh dks yM+fd;k¡ ilan ugha] dHkh&u&dHkh os uhfyek ds lkeus nqgjk nsrha] ^^cgw yM+dk gksrk rks rqEgkjh bTtr gh dqN vkSj gksrh ;g rqEgkjk D;k lkFk ns ldsxh\**9 uhfyek ds lkFk gh Mksjh esa ca/kh duq dh eerk vc lkjh ukjh tkfr ds izfr Fkh vkSj og gj txg bldk fojks/k djrh fd ifjokj esa yM+ds ls de eku feysA mlus lkl ls lkQ dg fn;k] vki uhfyek ds lkeus ,slh ckrsa er fd;k djs]a esjs fy, ogh yM+dk gSA duq ds vfHkizk; esa yM+dk vkSj yM+dh leku gSA mUgsa leku vf/kdkj feyuk pkfg,A bl vf/kdkj ds fy, L=h dks yM+uk pkfg,A bl izdkj Li’V gS fd —‘.kk vfXugks=h us miU;kl ^ckr ,d vkSjr dh* esa L=h ds vlarks’k vkSj la?k’kZ ds fp=.k }kjk L=h foe”kZ dh izHkkoh vfHkO;fDr dh gSA lanHkZ 123456-

—".kk —".kk —".kk —".kk —".kk —".kk

vfXugks=h] vfXugks=h] vfXugks=h] vfXugks=h] vfXugks=h] vfXugks=h]

ckr ckr ckr ckr ckr ckr

,d ,d ,d ,d ,d ,d

vkSjr vkSjr vkSjr vkSjr vkSjr vkSjr

dh] dh] dh] dh] dh] dh]

iììììì`-

61 72 75 87 121 85

7- —".kk vfXugks=h] ckr ,d vkSjr dh] i`- 88 8- —".kk vfXugks=h] ckr ,d vkSjr dh] i`- 89 9- —".kk vfXugks=h] ckr ,d vkSjr dh] i`- 94

[k¡Mgj cps gq, gSa] bekjr ugha jgh vPNk gqvk fd lj is dksbZ Nr ugha jgh dSlh e'kkysa ys ds pys rhjxh esa vki tks jks'kuh Fkh oks Hkh lyker ugha jgh geus reke mez vds y s lQj fd;k ge ij fdlh [k?qnk dh buk;r ugha jgh esjs peu esa dksbZ u'kseu ugha jgk ;k ;w¡ dgks fd cdZ dh ng'kr ugha jgh gedks irk ugha Fkk gesa vc irk pyk bl eqYd esa gekjh gd?wer ugha jgh dqN nksLrksa ls oSls ejkfle ugha jgs dqN nq'euksa ls oSlh vnkor ugha jgh

vdcj ls ysdj vkSjx a tsc rd eqxyksa us ftl ns'kHkk"kk dk Lokxr fd;k og cztHkk"kk Fkh] u fd mnwAZ &jkepaæ 'kqDy jk"Vª Hkk"kk fganh dk fdlh {ks=h; Hkk"kk ls dksbZ la?k"kZ ugha gSA &vuar xksiky 'ksoM+s ifjys[k 'kks/k lanHkZ ¼bZif=dk½

nq';ar dqekj

fgEer ls lp dgks rks cqjk ekurs gSa yksx jks—jks ds ckr dgus dh vknr ugha jgh lhus esa ftUnxh ds vykekr gSa vHkh xks ftUnxh dh dksbZ t:jr ugha jgh

vad&1 % tuojh] 2017

ISSN Applied

izos'kkad

31 dh –f"V ls ns[kk tkrk gSA tSl& s Þ'kqØ rkjs ds Mwcrs gh cPps ds jksus dh vkokt ds lkFk c/kkbZ dh >M+h yx xbZA exj ;g ns[kdj g¡lrh] brjkrh djheu dks lk¡i lw?a k x;k fd nkbZ ds gkFkksa esa yM+ds dh txg uax&/kM+x a yM+dh FkhA djheu dk psgjk ns[k lksgj xkrh vkSjrsa fBBd xbZAa uotkr dk jksuk can gksrs gh djheu dh #dh #ykbZ QwV iM+hAß ¼ukfljk 'kekZ&[kqnk dh okilh ¼pkj cgusa 'kh'kegy & uhyksQj dh½] i`&419½A djheu tks Lo;a ,d L=h gksdj Hkh vius ?kj iksrh çkphu dky ls vkt rd ukjh iq#"kksa ds vk/kkj ij viuk thou ¼yM+dh½ gksus ij nq[kh gksrh gSA og pkgrh gS fd mlds ?kj yM+dk thrh vkbZ gSA ukjh cpiu ls ysdj cq<k+ is rd iq#"k lekt ds gkFkksa gks] fdarq tc mls irk pyrk gS fd yM+dh gqbZ gS rks og vius nq[k dh dBiqryh cuh gSA cpiu esa ekrk&firk] ;qokoLFkk esa ifr] cq<k+ is dks Nqik ugha ikrh vkSj lcds lkeus jks iM+rh gSA mldk ekuuk Fkk esa yM+dk bUgha ds lgkjs ukjh dks viuk thou thuk iM+rk gSA fd yM+dk oa'k dks vkxs c<+rk gS] yM+fd;k¡ rks ijkbZ gksrh gSa vkSj mu ewyr% ukjh dksey] lgu'khy] d#.kke;h gksrh gSA blfy, pkgrs ij cgqr iSlk [kpZ djuk iM+rk gSA ysf[kdk us bl mnkgj.k ds gq, Hkh iq#"k ç/kku laL—fr dks udkjrh ughaA vHkh rd ukjh us ekè;e ls ;g crkuk pkgk fd lekt esa dqN ,sls Hkh yksx gSa tks Lo;a lcdqN lgk gS] lg jgh gSA ysf[kdk ukfljk 'kekZ dk tUe ,d L=h gks dj Hkh L=h ds egRo dks le> ugha ikrsA laiUu f'k;k eqfLye ifjokj esa 22 vxLr] 1948 dks bykgkckn esa lekt esa dbZ ifjokj ,sls gSa fd xjhch ds dkj.k vuesy fookg djrs gqvkA firk mnwZ ds çksQl s j Fks vkSj çxfr'khy fopkjksa ds dfoA gSAa viuh yM+fd;ksa dk fookg NksVh vk;q esa gh muls cM+s vk;q ds fu'p; gh ukfljk 'kekZ dks vfHkO;fä dh fojklr firk dh vksj ls yM+dksa ls dj nsrs gS]a tks igys ls gh fookfgr gksrs gSAa vkxs pydj /kjksgj ds :i esa çkIr gqbZ gSA ukfljk 'kekZ ?kj esa lc ls NksVh Fkh] bldk ifj.kke cgqr nnZukd gksrk gSA tc og yM+fd;k¡ l;kuh bl dkj.k mudk cpiu cgqr ykM+&nqykj esa chrkA firk çksQl s j gksrh gSa rc rd muds ifr cw<s+ gks pqds gksrs gSa ;k fQj mudh e`R;q tehj vyh vkSj ek¡ uktuhu csxe us mudh ijofj'k cgqr vPNh gks pqdh gksrh gSA ukfljk 'kekZ us ^rkcwr* dgkuh esa bl leL;k dks s Þ[kkyk ch Hkjh tokuh esa foèkok gqbZ FkhA tc rjg dh FkhA ijarq firk dk muds cpiu esa gh LoxZokl gks x;kA n'kkZ;k gSA tSl& ukfljk 'kekZ dh vkjafHkd f'k{kk ?kj ij gh gqbAZ os viuh ek¡ dks gh okLro esa muds yky tksMk+ iguus ds fnu Fks] mudh pwfM+;k¡ VwV viuk igyk xq# ekurh gSA mudh ek/;fed Lrjdh f'k{kk bykgkckn pqdha Fkha vkSj mUgksua s lQsn diM+s igu fy, FksA muds fe;k¡ muls ds dkUosVa esa gqbZ rFkk Lukrd Lrj dh f'k{kk bykgkckn fo'ofon~;ky; yxHkx rhl o"kZ cM+s FksA mudk iwjk gje FkkA lkSrksa dh QkSt dh ls iwjh dhA rnqijkar tokgjyky usg# fo'ofon~;ky;] fnYyh ls QkSt mUgsa gjkus ds fy, mudk bartkj dj jgh Fkha vkSj 'kkSgj mUgsa Qkjlh Hkk"kk&lkfgR; esa ,e-,- dh mikf/k çkIr dhA viuh f'k{kk [kwclwjr f[kykSuk le>dj [ksyrs FksA fQj ,d fnu ctk, f[kykSus iwjh dj ukfljk 'kekZ us fnYyh esa tkfe;k fefy;k fo'ofon~;ky; esa ds Lo;a VwV x,Aß ¼ukfljk 'kekZ] iRFkj xyh ¼rkcwr½] i`- 250½A [kkyk Qkjlh Hkk"kk o mnwZ dk vè;;u dk;Z lQyrk ls laiUu fd;kA ch dk fookg mu ds cpiu esa gh dj fn;k x;k FkkA ftl yM+ds ukfljk 'kekZ dk oSokfgd thou vR;ar lQy jgk gSA vkidk LoHkko ls mudk fookg gqvk Fkk og mu ls vk;q esa rhl o"kZ cM+k Fkk] vkSj igys ls fookfgr Hkh FkkA tc [kkyk ch l;kuh gqbZ vkSj ifr&iRuh la;eh] ljy vkSj lknxh ls Hkjk gSA vk/kqfud ;qx esa ftu efgyk dgkuhdkjksa us fganh dFkklkfgR; esa ds lac/a k dks le>us yxh rc rd og fo/kok gks pqdh FkhA mu dh viuh igpku cukbZ gS] muesa ukfljk 'kekZ dk uke vxz.kh gSA ewyr% ltus laojus dh bPNk /kjh ds /kjh jg xbZA og fcYdqy vdsyh iM+ dgkuh ds ek/;e ls ukfljk 'kekZ dk lkfgR; txr esa ços'k gqvk gSA xbZA mudh dksbZ larku Hkh ugha Fkh vkSj tks ekrk Fkh og Hkh py vkius viuh dgkfu;ksa esa fofo/k leL;kvksa dks mtkxj fd;k gSA clhA muds ifr dh e`R;q ds ckn mudh lkSras mUgsa lrkus yxhaA vkids vc rd ukS dgkuh laxgz çdkf'kr gq, gS]a tks bl çdkj mudk ekufld 'kks"k.k djus yxhaA ysf[kdk us bl mnkgj.k ds gS& a ¼1½ iRFkj xyh ¼1986½] ¼2½ bCusefj;e ¼1994½] ¼3½ 'kkeh dkxt ekè;e ls crk;k gS fd vuesy fookg ukjh ds thou dks nq[kksa ls Hkj ¼1997½] ¼4½ lchuk ds pkyhl pksj ¼1997½] ¼5½ [kqnk dh okilh nsrk gSA mu ds thou dh lkjh [kqf'k;ksa dks u"V dj nsrk gSA ¼1999½] ¼6½ balkuh uLy ¼2000½] ¼7½ nwljk rktegy ¼2002½] ¼8½ xjhc ifjokjksa esa fookg cgqr d"Vnk;d gksrk gSA ngst ds lkFk&lkFk laxlkj] rFkk ¼9½ xwx a k vklekuA bu lHkh dgkuh laxgz ksa esa dgkfu;ksa lqna jrk dh Hkh vko';drk gksrh gSA dHkh&dHkh lqna jrk gksus ds ckn Hkh ngst u gksus ds dkj.k xjhc ifjokjksa dh yM+fd;ksa dh 'kknh ugha dh viuh vyx fo'ks"krk gSA ukfljk 'kekZ us L=h thou dh lkfgfR;d vfHkO;fDr dks le`) cukus gks ikrhA L=h thou dh bl leL;k dks ukfljk 'kekZ us vius s Þrhuksa cgusa feêh dh ek/kks Fkha] esa Hkjiwj ;ksxnku fn;k gSA viuh dgkfu;ksa ds ek/;e ls Hkh og bl ^rkcwr* dgkuh esa n'kkZ;k gSA tSl& vk/kh nqfu;k dks mlds euq"; gksus dk ntkZ fnykus dh yM+kbZ yM+rh vc bl 'kDy vkSj [kkyh nkeu okyh dks dkSu C;kgus vkrk tks gSA viuh dye dh /kkj ls og vlaHko ls vlaHko fLFkfr dks Hkh ek¡&cki ds dk¡/kksa dk cks> gYdk gks tkrkA viuh cnlwjrh dk laHko cukrh gS rFkk yM+us dh çsj.kk nsrh gS] lkFk gh euksHkkoksa ,oa vglkl rhuksa dks viuh xjhch vkSj cngkyh ls dgha vf/kd FkkA muds o'k dh ckr gksrh rks 'kk;n oks dqN dksf'k'k Hkh djrhaA bl tíkstgn dks f'kír ls dkxt ij mrkjrh gSA çkphudky ls gh ukjh dks Hkys gh J)k dh –f"V ls ns[kk tkrk gks edku esa lkFk o"kksZa ls jgdj jkr Hkj eUurks]a eqjknksa ds ckotwn os ijarq çR;sd O;fä lekU;r% vius ?kj iq=&tUe dh gh dkeuk rdnhj dk fy[kk u feVk ldha vkSj u fny esa cki ds dkslus ls djrk gS] u fd dU;k&tUe dhA ukfljk 'kekZ dh ^pkj cgusa vius dks vktkn dj ldhaA muds gkFk pyrs Fks] vk¡[ksa ?kwerh FkhAß 'kh'kegy dh* dgkuh blh ço`fÙk dks nwljs igyw dks mtkxj djrh ¼ukfljk 'kekZ] iRFkj xyh ¼rkcwr½] i`- 250½A Qgehnk] gqejS k vkSj gSA vf/kdrj ifjokjksa esa yM+dh dh vis{kk yM+ds dks vf/kd egRo lk;jk rhuksa cgusa gSAa bu rhuksa dk tUe ,d xjhc ifjokj esa gqvkA

ukfljk 'kekZ dh dgkfu;ksa esa fL=;ksa dk thou

ifjys[k 'kks/k lanHkZ ¼bZif=dk½

vad&1 % tuojh] 2017

ISSN Applied

izos'kkad 32 xjhch vkSj cnlwjrh ds dkj.k rhuksa dk fookg ugha gks ikrkA bu lPpk Fkk vkSj og mlls fookg Hkh djuk pkgrh Fkh] fdarq jkt igys rhuksa dks viuh bl ifjfLFkfr ij cgqr nq%[k gksrk gSA rhuksa viuh ls gh fookfgr Fkk vkSj mlds vU; yM+fd;ksa ls lac/a k Hkh FksA tc fdLer dks dkslrh jgrh gSAa ysf[kdk us bl mnkgj.k ds ek/;e ls jek dks bldk irk pyk rks og vanj ls VwV pqdh Fkh] çse ij ls ;g crk;k gS fd lekt esa dsoy nkSyrean vkSj [kwclwjr yksxksa dks mldk Hkjkslk mB x;kA ijarq jkt dks vius bl O;ogkj ij dksbZ iNrkok ugha FkkA og vius LokFkZ ds fy, viuh iRuh ds lkFk&lkFk gh egRo fn;k tkrk gSA lekt esa ukjh dk nkaiR; thou vf/kdrj fc[kjko ls ;qä vkSj nq[kh vU; dbZ yM+fd;ksa dk thou u"V dj jgk FkkA ysf[kdk us bl fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA nkaiR; thou esa ifr&iRuh ds lac/a k esa fo'okl dh mnkgj.k esa lekt esa LokFkhZ iq#"kksa ds gkFkksa cckZn gksrs L=h ds thou deh gksus ds dkj.k nq[k mRiUu gksrk gSA fookg esa lq[k&nq[k esa lkFk dk fp=.k fd;k gSA nsu]s mldh e;kZnk dh j{kk djus dk opu [kkusokyk ifr tc lekt esa çR;sd ek¡ vius cPpksa dh [kq'kh ds fy, dqN Hkh dj ldrh eqlhcr esa iRuh dk lkFk NksM+ ns rks og vanj ls VwV tkrh gSA gSA mudh j{kk ds fy, fdlh Hkh gn rd tk ldrh gS] fdlh ls Hkh ukfljk 'kekZ us ^njokt&,&dtfou* dgkuh esa bl leL;k dks yM+ ldrh gS ;fn mlds lkeus ml dk ifr gh D;ksa u gksA ifr ls n'kkZ;k gSA tSl& s ÞmBks tkdj dgks u fd fudkg rks gks gh x;k FkkA vf/kd egRo og vius cPpksa dks nsrh gSA ukfljk 'kekZ dh ^fcyko* s Þesjh /kkfeZd :i ls rks rqe esjs ifr vkSj eSa rqEgkjh iRuh Fkh uA mBks tkvks dgkuh esa bl lanHkZ dk mnkgj.k ns[kk tk ldrk gSA tSl& esjk ne ?kqV jgk gS] ekek ckck [kqndq'kh u dj ys eSa rqEgkjs iSj iM+rh csVh dh bTtr ywVh gS esjs vkneh usA gk¡Qrs gq, ikxyksa lh ph[kh gw¡A ;w¡ eq>s #lok u djksA rqe enZ gks] tcku [kksy ldrs gks( mB FkhA dkSu gks rqe\ MîwVh iqfyl us mldh cngoklh dks xkSj ls tkvks mBksA efj;e us mldk gkFk [khapkA ekftn us gkFk >Vdk ns[krs gq, iwNk FkkA eSa m/kj VsyhQksu fcfYMax ds lkeus okyh vkSj >q¡>ykdj dgk tks gqvk lks gqvk] xbZ bTtr ykSVdj ugha vkrh >qfXx;ksa esa jgrh gw¡A esjk ifr cyohj 'kjkch gSA mlus esjh csVh eSuk gS fQj Hkyh yM+fd;k¡ D;k ;w¡ viuk vNwrkiu [kRe dj nsrh gS\a dh bTtr [kjkc dh gSA eSua as mldks cgqr ekjk gSA og ej x;k gSA xyrh rks rqEgkjh Fkh eq>s jksd ldrh FkhAß ¼ukfljk 'kekZ] laxlkj bruk dgdj og csgks'k&lh ogha ij fxj xbZ FkhAß ¼ukfljk 'kekZ] ¼njokt&,&dtfou½] i`- 33½A efj;e dk fookg mlds cpiu ds cqr[kkuk ¼fcyko½] i`- 381½A lksukekVh dk ifr viuh gh csVh dk nksLr ekthn ds lkFk gksrk gSA muds ?kj okyksa us mudk fudkg rks cykRdkj djrk gSA ,d ek¡ gksus ds ukrs og ;g cjnk'r ugha dj djok fn;k Fkk fdarq fonkbZ ,d o"kZ ckn gksus okyh FkhA bl chp ikrhA og vius ifr dks lcd fl[kkus ds fy, mldh [kwc fiVkbZ efj;e ls feyus ekthn tkrk jgk vkSj muds chp ifr&iRuh ds djrh gS vkSj mls tsy fHktokrh gSA ysf[kdk us bl mnkgj.k ds lac/a k cu x,A tc fonkbZ gqbZ vkSj bl ckr dk irk lc dks yxk ekè;e ls ,d ek¡ ds pfj= dks n'kkZ;k gSA rks lkjk nks"k dsoy efj;e dks gh fn;k x;k] rc efj;e vius ifr vk/kqfud lekt esa ek¡&cki viuh yM+fd;ksa dk fookg fons'k esa jgus ds vkxs fxM+fxM+krh jgh] enn dh Hkh[k ek¡xrh jgh fd tk ds lc okys yM+dksa ls djokuk vf/kd ilan djrs gS]a ftldk ifj.kke cgqr dks lPpkbZ crkns fdarq ekthn us mldh dksbZ enn ugha dh cfYd gh cqjk gksrk gSA os le>rs gSa fd yM+dh fons'k tkdj lq[kh jgsxh mYVk mlus Hkh mldks nks"kh ekukA viuh xyrh ij inkZ Mky ijarq ,slk gksrk ugha gSA ogk¡ ds yksx vDlj cgqfookg djrs gSAa fn;kA efj;e dsoy jksrh vkSj fcy[krh jghA ysf[kdk us bl ukfljk 'kekZ us viuh ^nwljk dcwrj* dgkuh esa bl leL;k dks s Þnksuksa vkSjrsa ikl&ikl cSB xbZAa #db;k dk psgjk mnkgj.k ds ek/;e ls ukjh dh n;uh; fLFkfr dk cgqr gh ekfeZd n'kkZ;k gSA tSl& :i ls fp=.k fd;k gSA ukfljk 'kekZ dh dgkfu;ksa esa L=h&iq#"k ds ihyk iM+ x;k FkkA vk¡[ksa QVh&QVh lh gks xbZAa nksuksa dks ckr le> lac/a kksa dks çse ds /kjkry ij dF; dk :i fn;k x;k gSA bu lacèa kksa esa vk xbZ fd ,d vkneh us nks 'kkfn;k¡ dh vkSj nksuksa dks bldk ds dbZ dks.k gSAa dgha çse dks LokFkZ&iwfrZ dk lk/ku cuk;k x;k gS] bYe ughaA igyh ls dgk] nwljh ikxy gS vkSj nwljh ls dgk] igyh dgha okluk dh rqf"V dk] rks dgha bls mís'; dh çkfIr ds fy, t:jrean gS vkSj nksuksa gh mlds nksLr dh cgu ;k choh gSAa ,d vfuok;Z ekuk x;k gSA orZeku lanHkksZa esa çse Hkkoqdrk dh ljgnsa yka?k ek;ds tk,xh rks nwljh vk,xh] nwljh tk,xh rks igyh vk,xhA nks dj ;FkkFkZ dh Bksl Hkwfe ij vofLFkr gqvk gSA cnyrs lkekftd&uSfrd df”r;ksa ij lokj jkr&fnu dk ;g lQj cM+s vkjke ls xqtj ewY;ksa dh –f"V ls ukjh LokFkZ&flf) esa iq#"k dh cM+h lgk;d jgh tk,xkAß ¼ukfljk 'kekZ] nwljk rktegy ¼nwljk dcwrj½] i`- 498½A gSA ^cM+s insZ dk [ksy* dgkuh esa çse esa /kksdk [kkbZ gqbZ yM+fd;ksa dk lfn;k ds ekrk&firk mldk fookg fons'k esa jgus okys ,d ,sls ekfeZd fp=.k feyrk gSA tSl& s Þtc eSa mlds lkFk ?kus isMk+ as dh Nk¡o yM+ds ls dj nsrs tks igys ls gh fookfgr gSA bl ckr dk irk mUgsa esa Vgy jgh Fkh rks bl ckr dk drbZ xqeku u Fkk fd esjs vykok ckn esa yxrk gS] tc nksuksa ifRu;ksa dk vkeuk&lkeuk gksrk gSA rc mldk tqMk+ o dbZ vkSj ukeksa ls gksxkA eSa lacaèkksa ds çfr viuh os ;g le> tkrs gSa fd muds lkFk /kksdk gqvk gSA ysf[kdk us bl ftEesnkjh tkurh Fkh] exj og bruk xSjftEesnkj lkfcr gksxk] mnkgj.k ds ek/;e ls fons'k esa jgus okys iq#"kksa dk fp=.k fd;k gSA bldk vglkl eq>s ugha FkkA gksrk Hkh dSl\s os lkjs uke rks ckn esa var esa fu"d"kZ ds :i esa dgk tk ldrk gS fd ukfljk 'kekZ us viuh dgkfu;ksa ds tfj, mlus [kqn [kksy dj j[ks FksA ;g mlds thus dk dgkfu;ksa esa L=h thou dk ;FkkFkZ fp=.k fd;k gSA vankt Fkk ftldks mlus bZekunkjh dk uke fn;k FkkA mldk dguk nf{k.k dh fganh fojks/kh uhfr okLro esa nf{k.k dh ugha] Fkk fd og fdlh dk gd ugha Nhurk gS u fdlh ls Nhudj fdlh dks nsrk gSA lcdh viuh&viuh txgsa gSAa tks vk;k og jg x;kA cfYd dqN vaxt sz h Hkäksa dh uhfr gSA mldks eSua s l¡tks fy;kA lcds fy, esjs ikl ,d lh Hkkouk gS u de &ds-lh- lkjaxeB u T;knkA eSa fdlh dks u fujk'k djrk gw¡ u mnklA Hkjiwj rjhds fganh gh Hkkjr dh jk"VªHkk"kk gks ldrh gSA ls eSa lc ds lkFk thrk gw¡Aß ¼ukfljk 'kekZ] balkuh uLy ¼cM+s insZ dk &oh- —".kLokeh v¸;j [ksy½] i`- 199½A jek ^jkt* uked ;qod ls çse djrh gSA jek dk çse ifjys[k 'kks/k lanHkZ ¼bZif=dk½

vad&1 % tuojh] 2017

ISSN Applied

izos'kkad

ledkyhu dgkfu;ksa esa fpf=r ukjh dk vkfFkZd 'kks"k.k & eksfudk nsoh ledkyhu dgkuhdkjksa us orZeku ;qx dh vkfFkZd fLFkfr dk ;FkkFkZ fp=.k fd;k gSA Lora=rk çkfIr ds ckn Hkh ns'k dh vFkZ&O;oLFkk ij iw¡thoknh] lkezkT;oknh O;oLFkk us vkfFkZd ewY;ksa rFkk ekuoh; lkSgknZiow d Z O;ogkj dks lekIr dj fn;k gSA tSls lxs&lacèa kh] fe=&Lotu vkfn fj'rksa ,oa lac/a kksa esa Hkh bls ns[kk tk ldrk gSA Hkkjrh; lekt dh vFkZ fo"k;d /kkj.kk esa dkQh ifjorZu vk;k gSA vkt vFkZ çkfIr ds fy, gj çdkj dk la?k"kZ tk;t gks x;k gSA nwljh vksj nk'kZfud ekU;rkvksa us oxZ la?k"kZ dh fLFkfr;ksa ds fy, Hkwfe rS;kj dh gSA ledkyhu dgkuh esa cgqvk;keh psruk ds chp vkfFkZd vHkko dh leL;k rks dgha u dgha] fdlh u fdlh :i ls tqMh+ jgrh gS] D;ksfa d vFkZ gh ekuo lekt dh og vk/kkjf'kyk gS ftl ij iwjh lkekftd O;oLFkk fVdh gqbZ gSA vkt vFkZ gh ekuo thou dh lcls cM+h vko';drk gS D;ksfa d thou ds gj {ks= esa bldh vko';drk gSA blfy, uohu vkfFkZd ;qx&psruk us vFkZ ds vHkko ls mRiUu vusd leL;kvksa dks tUe fn;k gSA uj&ukjh nks egRoiw.kZ vax gS]a vxj bUgsa lkekftd thou :ih xkM+h ds nks ifg, dgk tk, rks vfr'k;ksfä u gksxhA Hkkjrh; bfrgkl dks –f"V esa j[kdj ukjh thou dks ns[kk tk; rks oSfnd ;qx esa ukjh dks iq#"k ds led{k LFkku çkIr FkkA mls iq#"k ds leku Lora=rk] lekurk ,oa LosPNk dk vf/kdkj çkIr FkkA mls iwtuh; ekudj euq us rks ;g Hkh dgk fd ;= uk;ZLrq iwT;ars jears r= nsork%A oSfnd ;qx rd ukjh thou mR—"V ,oa çfrf"Br FkkA ijarq e/;;qx ds vkrs&vkrs ukjh dh fLFkfr esa ifjorZu vkus yxkA mldk lEeku ,oa vkns'k {kh.k gksus yxkA og iq#"k ds fy, nklh ,oa Hkksx&foykl dh lkexzh ek= cu dj jg xbZA thou ds çR;sd {ks= esa mls viekfur dj nsoh ds ifo= vklu ls gVkdj ek= nklh cuk fn;k x;kA ukjh dh lkekftd fLFkfr dHkh Hkh ,d lh ugha jghA ukjh us vkt rd thou ds dbZ vk;keksa dks ifjyf{kr fd;k gSA vaxt sz h 'kklu dky esa ik'pkR; lH;rk vkSj laL—fr us Hkkjfr;ksa ds n`f"Vdks.k dks çHkkfor fd;kA blh lanHkZ esa ogk¡ dh ukjh ds Lokoyach thou ls ;gk¡ dk f'kf{kr ;qok oxZ çHkkfor gqvk vkSj ukjh ds çfr viuk, tkus okys dM+s #[k esa FkksMh+ lh f<ykbZ nhA ukjh us Hkh le; dk lgh mi;ksx dj :f<+;ksa dh Ük`[a kyk dks rksMd + j iq#"k dh led{krk çkIr djus dh ps"Vk dhA bl çdkj Hkkjrh; Lora=rk vkanksyu ds led{k gh ukjh Lora=rk dh Hkkouk dh viuh tMas+ xgjh djus dk ekSdk feyk vkSj /khjs&/khjs og iq#"k dh lgxkfeuh cu xbZA ukjh dks iq#"k ds lkFk leku Lrj ij lkjs dk;Z dks djuk] vk/kqfud ;qx esa lac/a k ifjorZu dh çFke vkSj vR;f/kd egRoiw.kZ fLFkfr gSA ledkyhu ifjos'k esa mRiUu vkfFkZd ladV ;qx dk lcls cM+k ladV gSA blh vFkZ ladV ls mRiUu fLFkfr esa ekuo ds lEeq[k vkRefuHkZjrk dh fodV leL;k mB [kM+h gqbAZ blls iq#"kksa ls ifjys[k 'kks/k lanHkZ ¼bZif=dk½

vfèkd ukfj;k¡ tw>rh fn[kkbZ nsrh gSAa Þvkt Hkh çcq) ukjh ds lkeus ,d gh fodYi jg x;k gS& ;k rks og iq#"klÙkkRed lekt ds gkFkksa dh dBiqryh cus ftlls vkt dh f'kf{kr ukjh dk vga [kafMr gksrk gS ;k viuh Lora=rk uSfrd :f<+;ksa ,oa ijaijkvksa dks jkSna rh gqbZ ?kj dh pkjnhokjh ls ckgj vkdj ftanxh dh nkSM+ esa iq#"kksa ds lekukarj gh ugha muls vkxs c<+dj viuh vlhe 'kfä lkeF;Z vkSj çfrHkk dk ifjp; nsA okLro esa Lora=rk ds ckn Hkh dgkfu;k¡ vkfFkZd lanHkZ dks ,d pqukSrh ds :i esa Lohdkjrh ukjh ds vkRefu.kZ; dh dgkfu;k¡ gSAa ß1 vk/kqfud ;qx esa ukjh dks f'k{kk] Lora=rk] lekurk dk vf/kdkj çnku fd;k x;k gS ijarq vkt Hkh dwieaMd w iq#"kksa dh lksp esa ukjh dh fLFkfr oSlh gh n;uh; cuh gqbZ gSA dgus ds fy, og vkt lekt dh dsæa fcanq gS ij vkt Hkh iq#"k dh –f"V esa Hkksx&foykl dh oLrq ls vfèkd ugha gSA mls vkt Hkh nks;e ntsZ dk ekuk tkrk gSA lheksu n cksmokj us viuh iqLrd ^lsdM as lsDl* esa fo'o dh efgykvksa dh fLFkfr dk los{Z k.k dj ;g fu"d"kZ fudkyk gS fd Þefgyk,¡ loZ= miHkksx dh oLrq,¡ gSa vkSj mudk ukuk çdkj ls miHkksx gksrk gS& 'kkjhfjd] ekufld vkSj vkfFkZd Lrj ijAß2 thou ds fofHkUu {ks=ksa esa fHkUu&fHkUu O;fä;ksa dh ek¡x ds dkj.k vkèkqfud ukjh dk O;fäRo [kafMr gksus yxk gSA nksgjs Lrj ij thou thus ds fy, foo'k ukjh dh uSlfxZd ljyrk ,oa lgtrk yqIr gksus yxh gSA og ekufld ruko ds edM+tky ls Lo;a dks eqä ugha dj ik jgh gSA bl lanHkZ esa vydk ljkoxh dk oäO; bl çdkj gS& Þ;s vkSjr] rwus tc Hkh fdlh dksus esa iq#"k ls vyx viuk dqN cuk;k gS] rks rq>s mldh dher nsuh iM+h gSA ysfdu -- rqe bl ^vius iSl*s dh tks dHkh rqEgkjk ugha Fkk vkSj u dHkh rqEgkjs gkFk esa Fkk vkf[kj fdruh dher pqdkvksxhAß3 vkt ukjh vkfFkZd Lokoyacu gsrq tc ?kj ls ckgj dne j[krh gS rks dk;kZy;ksa esa mudk nSfgd ,oa ekufld 'kks"k.k gksrk gSA fp=k eqnx ~ y dh dgkuh ^ckotwn blds* dh ukf;dk çhfr vius ifr xks;y dh mPN`[a ky O;ogkj ,oa çrkM+u ls rax gks dj viuh ek¡ ds ?kj vkdj ogha ,d gksVy esa ukSdjh djus yxrh gSA ifr xks;y }kjk mlds gksVy esa çhfr ds fookfgr gksus dh ckr irk pyus ij mls ukSdjh ls gVk fn;k tk,xk rks og okil xks;y ds ikl pyh tkrh gSA gksVy dk eSut s j xks;y dk i= feyus ij çhfr dks cqykdj vfookfgr dgdj ukSdjh ikus okyh gjdr ij mls Mk¡Vdj mlds çfr lgkuqHkwfr fn[kkrs gq, f?kukSuh ea'kk çdV djrs gq, dgrk gS fd ÞvkbZ ehu] rqe xsLV~l dks ,aVjVsu djuk ilan djksxh\ fFkad vksoj fnl -- vkt dh ekWMuZ yM+fd;k¡ bls csdkj ugha le>rh -- ;w uks csVj -- vjsfc;u xsLV~l vkj osjh fjp -- QkWj daiuh lsd -- os eupkgk is djrs gS-a - cV -- 'krZ gS fd fdlh dks Hkud ugha yxuh pkfg,] uk eSa yxus nsrk gw¡Aß4 ;g foMacuk ugha rks vkSj D;k gS\ ledkyhu lkfgR; esa fuEu yksxksa ds vFkkZHkko ds dkj.k iw¡thifr;ks]a tehankjks]a usrkvksa ,oa ns'k ds cM+s vQlj mudk 'kks"k.k dj vf/kd laiUu gks jgs gSAa fuEuoxZ vkfFkZd leL;kvksa ls tw>rk gqvk viuk 'kks"k.k djkus dks foo'k gSA bl lanHkZ esa M‚- jkenj'k feJ dgrs gS]a ^dgha ;g ihM+k Hkkjr foHkktu ds dkj.k tUeh gS] dgha jktuhfrd nksxysiu ls] dgha vQlj'kkgh ls] dgha iw¡thoknh O;oLFkk ls] dgha egkekjh ftanxh dh ;kaf=drk vdsyis u vkSj la=kl lsAß5 bl çdkj ukjh dk 'kks"k.k 'kgjksa esa gh ugha xk¡oksa esa Hkh tehankjks]a le`) iq#"kksa ds }kjk lfn;ksa ls pyk vk jgk gSA mPpoxZ ds yksx xjhc etnwj

vad&1 % tuojh] 2017

ISSN Applied

izos'kkad 34 vkSjrksa ds lkFk bl çdkj dk 'kks"k.k djuk viuk tUetkr vf/kdkj ,d ckj ekrk&firk dks Nqêh ysdj xk¡o tkus dh ;kstuk curh gS] ekurs gSAa esg#fUulk ijost dh dgkuh ^txkj* esa fuEuoxhZ; vkSjrksa ijarq vpkud firk th ds chekj gks tkus dh otg ls xk¡o ugha tk ds lkFk gksus okys bl nSfgd 'kks"k.k dk ;FkkFkZ fp=.k gqvk gSA xkserh ikrh gSA cSd a ds vf/kdkjh dks bl ckr dh lwpuk Qksu ij ns nsrh dk fookg tc uudw ls gksrk gS rks xk¡o dk tehankj mls dke ls gSA ysfdu cSd a okys ml ij >wBk fcy is'k dj ljdkjh iSls çkIr ckgj Hkst dj mldh ifRu dks U;ksrs ds fy, dksBh ij cqykrk gSA djus dk eqdnek nk;j dj nsrs gaAS tc og Qksu ij lwfpr djus lkl u pkgrs gq, Hkh mls dksBh Hkstrh gSA ogk¡ mlds lkFk tks fd;k dh ckr djrh gS rks os badkj dj nsrs gSa vkSj fyf[kr :i esa mldh tkrk gS og le`) iq#"kksa }kjk fujhg] xjhc L=h ds lkFk lfn;ksa ls QkbZy bl dk;kZy; ls ml dk;kZy; esa HkVdrh jgrh gSA bl gksus okys 'kks"k.k dks çdV djrk gS& Þlqfe=k us gh xkserh dks flyflys esa og cM+s vf/kdkjh lDlsuk ls feyrh gS vkSj f'kdk;r f[kyk;k vkSj vius lkFk ,d dejs esa ys xbZA jkr gM+cM+kdj tkxh djrh gS& Þvkidks crkrs gq, eq>s ladksp gksrk gS ysfdu n¶rj esa rks ns[kk lqfe=k dejs esa ugha FkhA dejs esa NksVs ekfyd [kM+s FksA [kUuk lkgc vkSj flUgk lkgc nksuksa dk O;ogkj efgyk deZpkfj;ksa dejk can FkkA dq,¡ esa HkVdh fpfM+;k dh rjg og dq,¡ esa uhps gh ls mfpr ugha gS& ,d ugha çksc's kuj dks jkst viuh est dh njkt uhps ekxZ <w¡<u+ s mrjrh xbZ] ij uhps ekxZ dgk¡ FkkA ogk¡ rks xgjk esa dkxt ij fy[ks v'yhy 'ksj feyk djrs FksA mlus eq>s [kqn ikuh FkkA cl QM+QM+kdj HkVdrh jg xbZA cgqr jksb]Z cgqr fxM+fxM+kbZ fn[kk, FksA og fy[kkoV gw&c&gw [kUuk lkgc dh FkhA esjs çfr Hkh ij var esa fpfM+;k dks rks Mwcuk FkkAß6 mudk l[r joS;k rHkh 'kq: gqvkA tc eSua s 'kke ik¡p cts ds ckn fuEuoxZ vius ifjokj ,oa cPpksa dh Hkw[k dks 'kkar djus ,oa isV Hkjus n¶rj esa jgus ls badkj fd;kAß9 ds fy, foo'k gksdj 'kks"k.k dk f'kdkj gksus ds fy, rS;kj gks tkrs ukjh us ;qxksa ls cgqr dqN lgk gS vkSj vkt Hkh lg jgh gSA vkt gSAa jkds'k oRl dh dgkuh ^vdky xzLr* dk uk;d nkeksnj vdky rd fL=;ksa dh vfLerk dks udkjdj mUgsa misf{kr j[kk x;k gSA ,oa vfro`f"V ds dkj.k tc og vius cPpksa dk isV ugha Hkj ikrk gS ledkyhu ukjh Hkys gh vkt vkfFkZd –f"V ls l{ke gks xbZ gks] rks viuh iRuh uafnuh dks Bsdns kj ds lkFk foo”k gksdj jkr xqtkjuk lafoèkku }kjk mls iq#"kksa ds leku vf/kdkj fn, x, gks] vkt Hkh iM+rk gS] igys rks uafnuh bldk fojks/k djrh gS ijarq ckn esa vius iq#"kksa dk opZLo gSA ukjh 'kks"k.k ds fy, iq#"kksa dks ftEesnkj Bgjkrs ifjokj ds fy, rS;kj gks tkrh gSA nkeksnj ds }kjk uafnuh dks gqbZ M‚- fueZyk tSu dgrh gSa fd ÞdM+oh lPpkbZ ;g gS fd iq#"k Bsdns kj ds le{k [kM+k djus ij Bsdns kj mlls ru ds lkFk eu dk çèkku lekt esa lfn;ksa ls efgykvksa dk neu vkSj 'kks"k.k gksrk vk lkSnk djus dh Hkh ckr djrk gS rc uafnuh eu dk lkSnk u dj ikus jgk gSA lekt esa mudh Hkwfedk vkSj mudh lkekftd gSfl;r dk ds dkj.k Bsdns j mls lkeus ls gVkus ds fy, dgrk gS rc nkeksnj fuèkkZj.k iq#"k ds }kjk gqvk gSAß10 vkt c<+rh gqbZ eg¡xkbZ ,oa ;kpuk djrk gqvk dgrk gS& ÞQÙkw ds gkFk vkius dgyok;k ugha Fkk rqyukRed thou ;kiu ds fy, efgyk,¡ bldk f'kdkj gks jgh gSAa fd vxj eSa viuh tks: dks Qdr ,d jkr ds fy, vkids gokys mudk 'kkjhfjd ,oa ekufld 'kks"k.k gks jgk gSA tc blds fo#) dj nw¡ rks lkjs xqukg ekQ dj nsx a s vkSj bruk gh ugha cfYd buke dne mBkrh gS rks mls vlQyrk dk lkeuk djuk iM+rk gS] ds rkSj ij bruk vukt nsx a s fd bu eqlhcr ds fnuksa esa gekjs cPpksa ifjfLFkfr;ksa ds vuqlkj dke djus yxrh gSA bldk dkj.k lekt dks isV ij gkFk j[kdj ph[kuk&fpYykuk ugha iM+x s kAß7 tehankj ,oa esa O;kIr mnklhu ekufldrk gSA ukSdjh ds dkj.k tgk¡ mls vkfFkZd Bsdns kj viuh dke okluk dks 'kkar djus ds fy, etnwj&fdlku fuHkZjrk ,oa lqj{kk çkIr gqbZ ogha mudk ekufld ,oa nSfgd 'kks"k.k dh cgw&csfV;ksa dk nSfgd 'kks"k.k lfn;ksa ls djrs vk jgs gSAa mn; vkjaHk gqvkA vkfFkZd 'kks"k.k ds lkFk&lkFk dkedkth ukjh gksus ds çdk'k dh dgkuh ^ghjkyky dk Hkwr* esa ;gh ns[kus dks feyrk gSA dkj.k mldk lsDlqvy 'kks"k.k Hkh vkjaHk gks x;kA n¶rjksa esa iq#"k ghjkyky vkSj mldh iRuh Qqfy;k dk 'kks"k.k tehankj ,oa iVokjh vf/kdkfj;ksa }kjk gksus okys ;kSu&'kks"k.k ls Hkh vkt ukjh xzLr gSA mudh vlkeF;Z dks ns[kdj dgrs jgrs gSAa ghjkyky jkr fnu Bkdqj ukjh Hkh ukjh dk 'kks"k.k djrh gSA ij varj flQZ bruk gS fd mlds dh gosyh esa tkuojksa dh rjg dke djrk gS cnys esa mls nks oä :i cny x, gSAa ihM+k rks ogh gS ij ihM+k nsus ds rjhdksa esa ifjorZu dk :[kk&lw[kk isV Hkjus dks fey tkrk gSA gosyh esa vf/kd dke vk x;k gSA gksus ij Qqfy;k dks dke ij tkuk iM+rk gSA ,d fnu Bkdqj vkSj lanHkZ f'ko'kadj ikaMs;] Lora«;ksÙkj fganh dgkuh] dF; vkSj f'kYi] i`- 106 iVokjh dh ;kstuk ds rgr ghjkyky dks 'kgj cktkj ls lkeku 1-2- M‚-vktdy] if=dk] ebZ 2001] i`- 35 3vydk 'ks"k dknacjh] i`- 78 ykus Hkst fn;k tkrk gS vkSj mlds ihNs mldh iRuh dh vfLerk 4- fp=k eqnljkoxh] ~xy] dapqy] ckotwn blds] i`- 66 feJ] fganh dgkuh % ,d varjax igpku] i`- 79 ywV ysrs gS(a cnys esa nl #i, eqvkotk esa ns fn;k tkrk gSA 5-6- esjkenj'k g#fUulk ijost] lej] tkxj] i`- 25 ghjkyky lcdqN tkudj Hkh viuh xjhch ,oa ykpkjh ds pyrs dqN 7- jkds'k oRl] ,d cq) vkSj vdkyxzLr] i`- 7 8- mn; çdk'k] frfjN] ghjkyky dk Hkwr] i`- 129 Hkh ugha dj ikrkA Þxk¡o dk gj vkneh bl ckr dks tkurk Fkk fd 9- eerk dkfy;k] tk¡p vHkh tkjh gS] i`- 33 ghjkyky dk lc dqN ywV fy;k x;k gSA tehu] tk;nkn] ftanxh] 10- M‚- fueZyk tSu] dFkk vkSj ukjh] gal if=dk] tqykbZ] i`- 40 ilhus ls ysdj vkSjr dh bTtr rdAß8 jk"Vªh; ,drk dh dM+h fganh gh tksM+ ldrh gSA ukjh ds 'kks"k.k dk flyflyk ;gha ij lekIr ugha gqvk gSA 'kgjksa esa &cky—".k 'kekZ uohu dke djus okyh efgyk deZpkfj;ksa ds lkFk Hkís etkd ,oa 'ksjks&'kk;jh djuk] mUgsa n¶rkj dk le; lekIr gksus ds ckn Hkh dke ds cgkus fons'kh Hkk"kk dk fdlh Lora= jk"Vª ds jktdkt vkSj jksddj muds lkFk v'yhy O;ogkj djuk vkt vke ckr gks xbZ f'k{kk dh Hkk"kk gksuk lkaL—frd nklrk gSA gSA eerk dkfy;k dh dgkuh ^tk¡p vHkh tkjh gS* dh ukf;dk viZ.kk &okYVj psfuax jk"Vªh; cSd a esa ukSdjh feyus ij cM+s g"kZ ,oa esgur ls dke djrh vaxt sz h lj ij <ksuk Mwc ejus ds cjkcj gSA jgrh gSA mldh ;g [kq'kh T;knk fnu rd LFkk;h ugha jg ikrhA

&lEiw.kkZuna

ifjys[k 'kks/k lanHkZ ¼bZif=dk½

vad&1 % tuojh] 2017

ISSN Applied

izos'kkad

fganh dk çFke nfyr miU;kl ^NIij* & ljyk flag ;g euq"; dh ço`fÙk jgh gS fd 'kks"k.k pkgs ekufld gks ;k lkekftd] vkfFkZd gks ;k èkkfeZd mldk fojks/k vkSj foæksg gksxk ghA ml esa le; fdruk Hkh yx ldrk gSA mnkgj.k ds fy, Hkkjr esa 'krkfCn;k¡ chr xbZAa /keZ ds uke ij ,d oxZ dks lkekftd] ekufld vkSj vkfFkZd 'kks"k.k lgrs gq, ysfdu tSls gh ,d oxZ esa tjk lh psruk vkbZ] mlds foæksg dk igyk foLQksV gqvkA mldk gh ifj.kke gS nfyr lkfgR;A fganh vkykspuk esa ml ç'u ij yach cgl gqbZ fd fganh dk igyk miU;kl dkSu lk gS vkSj ml ij Hkh cgl gksrh jgh gS fd fganh dh igyh dgkuh dkSu lh gSA ,slh cglksa ls fganh miU;kl vkSj fganh dgkuh ls lacfa /kr vusd egRoiw.kZ ckrsa lkeus vkbZ gSAa Bhd blh rtZ ij t;çdk'k dnZe ds miU;kl ^NIij* dks Hkh fganh esa çFke nfyr miU;kl dqN fo}kuksa }kjk eku fy;k x;k gS tks fcYdqy lgh gSA ysfdu ;g fganh dk igyk nfyr miU;kl D;ksa vkSj dSls gS bl ij cgqr de ppkZ dh xbZ gSA bl ç'u ij ckr djrs le; igys ;g fopkj.kh; gS fd fganh ds igys nfyr miU;kl dh [kkst ds izlx a esa nfyr vkSj nfyr lkfgR; dh vo/kkj.kk D;k gS\ M‚- dqleq yrk es?koky us nfyr dh ifjHkk"kk djrs gq, fy[kk gS fd Þnfyr dk 'kkfCnd vFkZ gS dqpyk gqvkA vr% nfyr oxZ dk lkekftd lanHkksZa esa vFkZ gksxk] og tkfr] leqnk; tks vU;k;iwod Z lo.kksZa ;k mPp tkfr;ksa }kjk nfer fd;k x;k gks] jkSna k x;k gksA nfyr 'kCn O;kid :i esa ihfM+r ds vFkZ esa vkrk gS] ij nfyr oxZ dk ç;ksx fganw lekt O;oLFkk ds varxZr ijaijkxr :i esa v'kq) ekus tkus okys o.kksZa ds fy, :<+ gks x;k gSA nfyr oxZ esa os lHkh tkfr;k¡ lfEefyr gS]a tks tkfr lksiku Øe esa fuEuLrjij gSa vkSj ftUgsa lfn;ksa ls nckdj j[kk x;k gSAß ¼M‚- dqleq yrk es?koky] fganh miU;klksa esa nfyr oxZ] i`- 1½A blfy, okLro esa ^nfyr* ogh O;fä gks ldrk gS] tks lkekftd] vkfFkZd rFkk nksuksa –f"V;ksa ls nhu&ghu gksA vr% nfyr lkfgR; ls vfHkçk; ml lkfgR; ls gS] ftlesa nfyr us Lo;a viuh ihM+k dks :ikf;r fd;k gSA vius thou&la?k"kZ esa nfyrksa us ftl ;FkkFkZ dks Hkksxk gS] nfyr lkfgR; mlh dh vfHkO;fä dk lkfgR; gSA ;g dyk ds fy, dyk dk ugha] cfYd thou dk vkSj thou dh ftthfo"kk dk lkfgR; gSA bl vk/kkj ij ,d eqdEey ifjHkk"kk gks ldrh gS fd vk/kqfud fganh nfyr lkfgR; og gS tks nfyr eqfä ds lokyksa ij iwjh rjg vacM s djoknh gSA lkekftd] vkfFkZd vkSj jktuhfrd lHkh {ks=ksa esa mlds ljksdkj ogh gS tks M‚vacM s dj ds FksA fganh nfyr lkfgR; esa miU;kl dh mifLFkfr mlds mTToy Hkfo"; dk ladrs gSA ;w¡ rks igys Hkh nfyr lkfgR;dkjksa }kjk miU;kl fy[ks x,A muesa M‚- /keZohj dk ^igyk [kr*] cyoar flag ^pkokZd* dk ^Hkw[kh fpaxkjh dh yky eqLdjkgV*] t;çdk'k dnZe dk ^d#.kk* rFkk dikfM+;k dk ^ekVh dh lkSx/a k* vkfn ds uke fy, tk ldrs gSAa ysfdu bu miU;klksa ds dF; nfyrksa dh leL;kvksa ls lacfa /kr ugha FksA vr% bUgsa nfyr miU;kl dh ekU;rk çkIr ugha gks ldhA fdlh ifjys[k 'kks/k lanHkZ ¼bZif=dk½

nfyr miU;kldkj dk nfyr psruk laiUu igyk miU;kl ÞNIijß dks ekuk tkrk gS ftlds ys[kd t;çdk'k dnZe gSA bl lac/a k esa M‚- ,u- flag us fy[kk gS fd Þt;çdk'k dnZe dk miU;kl ^NIij* ,d ifjorZudkjh miU;kl gS ftls eSa fganh dk igyk nfyr miU;kl ekurk gw¡Aß ¼M‚- ,u- flag] mRihM+u dk jpukRed miU;kl % NIij½A NIij dh dFkkoLrq ,d etnwj ifjokj ds ;qod panu dh f'k{kk ds fy, tíkstgn dh dgkuh gS ftlesa mldh ek¡ jfe;k vkSj firk lqD[kk dks xk¡o ds czkã.k] cfu;ksa vkSj Bkdqjksa }kjk feydj mRihfM+r fd;k tkrk gS fd og lfn;ksa ls pyh vkrh ijaijkvksa dks rksMd + j vius yM+ds dks 'kgj esa i<+us D;ksa Hkst jgk gS\ blls lekt ds mPpoxhZ; yksxksa dh ukd dV tk,xhA ysfdu lqD[kk mu lkjs nckoksa ls >qdus dks rS;kj ugha gksrk gS ftlds dkj.k mls ?kj ls cs?kj gksuk iM+rk gSA og xk¡o ds ikl ds ,d dLcs esa esgur etnwjh djus yxrk gS vkSj 'kgj esa panu dks i<+kbZ&fy[kkbZ ds fy, iSlk Hkstrk jgrk gSA panu Hkh 'kgj esa gfj;k dh >qXxh esa jgrk gS] d‚yst tkrk gS vkSj ykSVdj nfyr ckydksa ds fy, ,d Ldwy pykus yxrk gSA mlls iwjh cLrh esa f'k{kk ds çfr vkd"kZ.k rks c<+rk gh gS] ,d ubZ psruk Hkh vkus yxrh gSA /khjs&èkhjs panu vius bl dke dks 'kgj ls nsgkrksa rd ys tkrk gS] tks ,d fnu tukanksyu dk :i ys ysrk gS vkSj nfyr ,dtqV gksdj /kkfeZd] vkfFkZd vkSj lkekftd 'kks"k.k ds izfr foæksg dj nsrs gSAa la{ksi esa ;gh gS ^NIij* dk dFkkudA bl ds dF; vkSj f'kYi ij fopkj djrs gq, M‚- iq#"kksÙke lR;çseh us fy[kk gS fd Þesjk vk'k; ;g ugha gS fd ^NIij* esa nfyr lekt dh ;krukvks]a muds lkFk fd, tk jgs ik[kaMiw.kZ ,oa vekuoh; lkekftd O;ogkj vFkok mudh nqxfZ r&mis{kk] mRihM+u] çoapuk dh dFkk ds ek/;e ls t;çdk'k dnZe us egt viuh dykRed Hkw[k ;k jpukRed ftthfo"kk dks 'kkar djus dh dksf'k'k dh gS vfirq blds foijhr ;gk¡ ge ys[kd dh lkekftd çfrc)rk] mlds lerkewyd lekt dh lajpuk ds ljksdkjksa ls :c: gksrs gSAa vc ;g ckr rks viuh txg gS fd cxSj ekuoh; ihM+k ds dksbZ jpuk tUe ysrh gh ugha gSA ,d ckr vkSj ekuuk gh gksxk fd t;çdk'k dnZe f'k{kk 'kSyh dh xfreku /kkjk dh rjg ^NIij* dh viuh dFkk ds lkFk ikBd dks ogk¡ ys tkrs gSAa miU;kl dh Hkk"kk çokge;h vkSj dgha&dgha dkO;e;h gSA lpeqp ;g ,d iBuh; lQy —fr gSA ;g fu%ladksp dgk tk ldrk gS fd t;çdk'k dnZe dk miU;kl ^NIij* fganh nfyr lkfgR; dh uhao dk iRFkj ;k iFk çn'kZd gSAß ¼M‚- iq#"kksÙke lR;çseh] nfyr lkfgR; vkSj lkekftd U;k;] i`&72½A fganh nfyr lkfgR; dk ;g çFke miU;kl vusd laHkkouk,¡ txkrk gSA

ns'k dks ,d lw= esa ck¡/ks j[kus ds fy, ,d Hkk"kk dh vko';drk gSA &lsB xksfoannkl bl fo'kky çns'k ds gj Hkkx esa f'kf{kr&vf'kf{kr] ukxfjd vkSj xzkeh.k lHkh fganh dks le>rs gSAa &jkgqy lka—R;k;u leLr vk;kZorZ ;k BsB fganLq rku dh jk"Vª rFkk f'k"V Hkk"kk fganh ;k fganLq rkuh gSA &lj tktZ fxz;lZu

vad&1 % tuojh] 2017

ISSN Applied

izos'kkad

nfyr dgkfu;ksa esa izfrjks/k dk ;FkkFkZ & lqHkkf"k.kh Vh-

;g ,d lkekftd ;FkkFkZ gS fd lfn;ksa dh xqykeh lgrs&lgrs nfyr lekt dk vkRelEeku jlkry esa igq¡p pqdk FkkA lkekftd dk;ZdrkZvksa ds iz;klks]a vNwrks)kj] f'k{kk vkfn ds dkj.k muesa tkx`fr dk lapkj gqvk rFkk mUgsa viuh fuEurj thou n'kk dk vglkl gqvkA bl ghu n'kk dk cks/k nfyr lekt viuh gh fLFkfr ij vlarks"k o vkReXykfu ls Hkj mBrk gSA nfyr ys[kdksa us viuh dgkfu;ksa esa nfyrksa vkSj fL=;ksa ds viuh ghu n”kk ls mRiUu vlarks"k dk vusd LFkyksa ij fp=.k fd;k gSA lkFk gh] buesa ;g Hkh n'kkZ;k x;k gS fd ;s nksuksa gh leqnk; ¼L=h vkSj nfyr½ vius l'kDrhdj.k ds QyLo:i bl ;ksX; gks lds gSa fd o.kZ O;oLFkk vkSj iq#"k lÙkk }kjk fd, tk jgs 'kks"k.k ds izfrjks/k esa [kM+s gks ldsAa ¼d½ nfyr vlarks"k vkSj fonzkgs nfyr lkfgR;dkjksa us lfn;ksa dh xqykeh ds dkj.kksa dk foospu djds muds izfr vlarks'k vkSj fonzkgs ls Hkj mBrs gq, nfyr leqnk; dk ;FkkFkZ o.kZu fd;k gSA tSl& s vkseizdk’k okYehfd us ^'ko;k=k* dgkuh esa nfyrksa dh 'kks"k.k ds izfr vlarks"k dh Hkkouk dks vius ik=ksa ds ek/;e ls bl izdkj O;Dr fd;k gS&dYyu us tksj nsdj dgk] ^^ckiw] ;gk¡ u rks bTtr gS] uk jksVh] pekjksa dh ut+j esa Hkh ge flQZ cYgkj gSa -- ;gk¡ rqEgkjh ot+g ls vkuk iM+rk gS -- esjs cPps ;gk¡ vkuk ugha pkgrs -- mUgsa ;gk¡ vPNk gh ugha yxrkA**1 tc dYyu larks dks vius lkFk ys tkus dh ckr dgrk gS rc larks viuh bPNk dks O;Dr djus dk lkgl ugha dj ikrh vkSj firk dh et+hZ ds f[kykQ tkuk mlds fy, vlaHko FkkA larks firk ds eu dks nq%[k igq¡pkuk ugha pkgrh Fkh vkSj tc dYyu lqjtk ls dgrk gS eq>s vkSj esjs cPpksa dks bl xk¡o esa vkuk Hkh ilan ugha gS D;ksfa d bl xk¡o ds yksxksa dks rks ge balku tSls fn[krs gh ugha D;ksfa d ge cYgkj gSa tks vNwrksa esa Hkh vNwr ftls balkuksa esa 'kkfey ugha dj ikrsA xk¡o ds pekjksa dh ut+j esa ge dsoy vNwr gh gSAa bl dFku esa o.kZ@tkfr O;oLFkk ds izfr nfyr vlarks"k dks vfHkO;Dr fd;k gSA nfyrksa ds Hkhrj Hkh Nwr&vNwr dk HksnHkko vfrnfyr tkfr;k¡ gtkjksa o"kZ ls lgrh vkbZ gSa ysfdu vk/kqfud ;qx esa os bls viuk HkkX; ekuus dks rS;kj ugha gSA cfYd ,sls ekuo fojksèkh vkpj.k ds izfr mudk eu vlarks"k ls Hkjk gqvk gS& ^^?kj igq¡prs gh lqjtk us dYyu ls dgk] ^^rw lp dgos Fkk dYyw --- ;ks xk¡o jg.ks yk;d uk gSA** mldh yach ewN a as xqLls esa QM+QM+k jgh FkhaA vk¡[kksa ds dksj Hkhxs gq, FksA ^^ckiw vHkh Hkh dqN ugha fcxM+k -- ;s baVZ as rks dksbZ Hkh [kjhn ysxk] ;s edku cuus ugha nsx a ]s ** dYyu us lqjtk dks le>kus dh dksf'k'k dhA ysfdu lqjtk us Hkh ftn idM+ yh FkhA og >qdx s k ughaA tks gksxk ns[kk tk,xkA mlus eu gh eu nksgjk;kA ^^uk] csVV~ s edku rks bZc c.kds jgosxk --- tku ns nw¡xk] ij ;ks xk¡o NksMd + s uk tkÅ¡xkA** lqjtk us xgjs vkRefo'okl ls dgkA**2 ;gk¡ lqjtk dk dFku ;FkkFkZ ds izfr fojks/k ds fy, mB [kM+s gksrs ifjys[k 'kks/k lanHkZ ¼bZif=dk½

nfyrksa ds izfrjks/kh Loj dk izrhd gSA blh izdkj dUgbZ ij ckcw lkgc vkSj iafMr ds dkj.k tks vU;k; gksrk gS] og Hkh mlds f[kykQ yM+us dks rS;kj gksrk gSA bl lac/a k esa eaxy dk dFku n`"VO; gS&^^rks vc] ge yksxksa dks] xsg¡w pkoy ugha [kkus nsx a \s xan& s xans osn&iqjk.k bfLefjr fy[kdj] gekjh f'k{kk can dj nh] gekjs gfFk;kj Nhu fy,] gekjs _f"k&eqfu;ksa dh gR;k,¡ dha] mudh f'k{kkvksa dh fdrkcsa tyk nha vkSj vc] og /kwr]Z dgrk gS fd xsg¡w pkoy ugha [kkus nsx a As Bhd gS] dUgbZA fgEer er gkjukA eS]a vkt gh] pkS/kjh ls dgrk gw¡A vkBksa xk¡oksa ds pkS/kfj;ksa vkSj ljiapksa ls dgw¡xkA ge yksx] bl ckr dks] gjfxt cnkZ'r ugha djsx a As vkf[kj] xsg¡& w pkoy iSnk rks geha djrs gS]a u\ Bhd gSA vlk<+ vkus nksA rqe yksx Hkh rS;kj jgks --A** ^^gk¡] pkpkA dqN u dqN] gksuk pkfg,A** dUgbZ us dgkA ^^gksxk dUgbZ] t:j gksxkA ge pqi ugha cSBx as As **3 ;g dSlk U;k; gS tc fdlku vukt mRiUu djrk gS ij mls [kkus ds fy, mlh dks gd ugha feyrkA dUgbZ vkSj eax: dk laokn bl fLFkfr ds izfr fojks/k] vkØks'k vkSj fonzkgs dks izdV djrk gSA ;g lHkh nfyrksa dh ihM+k gS blhfy, iafMr vkSj ckcw lkgc dk fojks/k xk¡o ds lHkh pekj ,d gksdj djrs gS& a ^^bl ckj dh cjlkr esa pekj&cLrh ds yksx vf/kd [kq'k gq,A cLrh ds lHkh yksxksa ds eu esa ,d gh ckr cSB pqdh Fkh&^cnyk ysus dk ekSdk vk x;k gSA vc ge crk nsx a s fd ge yksx iafMr th vkSj ckcw lkgc dh ethZ ls ugha ft,¡xAs ge Hkh balku gSAa blfy, balkuksa dh rjg gh] viuh bPNk vkSj vktknh ls] ft,¡xAs Bxh vkSj ek;ktky dh dybZ [kksydj j[k nsx a As **4 tc nfyr vius gd ds fy, yM+uk tku ysrk gS rc og mlds fy, yM+us yxrk gSA vius gd dks gkfly djus ds fy, nfyrksa dks laxfBr gksdj la?k"kZ djuk gksxk&;gh bl izlx a dk fufgrkFkZ gSA nfyrksa dh le> esa vk pqdk gS fd lo.kksZa dks ;g ckr fcYdqy ilan ugha gksrh fd nfyr muds fo#) dqN Hkh iz'u iwNs ijarq ;fn ,slk u fd;k x;k rks 'kks"k.k dHkh #d ugha ldrkA ^^dUgbZ viuh ckr ij n`<r+ kiwod Z vfMx jgkA xaHkhjrkiwod Z mlus vius 'kCnksa ij tksj nsrs gq, dgk&^^tqcku gh ugha] ;fn t:jr iM+h rks vkSj dqN Hkh yM+ ldrk gS vkSj eSa vki dks gh ugha] lcdks tkurk gw¡A**5 dUgbZ iafMr vkSj ckcw lkgc ds f[kykQ gksdj viuh vkokt+ mBkrk gS rFkk vius leqnk; ds leFkZu ds izfr Hkh og vk'oLr gSA nfyr leqnk; vc ;g tku pqdk gS fd f'k{kk vkSj laxfBr gksuk la?k"kZ djus esa gh mldh eqfDr dk ekxZ fufgr gS&^^vr% gesa ;g yM+kbZ tkjh j[kuh gSA bls vkxs c<+kuk gS&lHkh iapx.k bl ckr dk ladYi ysa fd gesa Bxh] >wB vkSj tkylkth ds gkFk dh dBiqryh cudj] mudh ywV&[klksV dk f'kdkj ugha gksuk gSA ladYi ysa fd] ges]a bl xsg¡w okyh yM+kbZ dh gh rjg] ,dtqV gksdj lEeku] vf/ kdkj vkSj U;k; ds lkFk thuk gSA**6 iapx.k dk ;g ladYi ml cnyko dk ladrs nsrk gS tks yksdrkaf=d Hkkjr esa nfyr&tkxj.k ds QyLo:i ?kfVr gks jgk gSA nfyrksa ds izfr lo.kksZa us bruk vR;kpkj fd;k gS fd vusd voljksa ij nfyr vlarks"k vkSj vkØks'k vfoosdiw.kZ fgalk esa Hkh cny tkrk gSA mnkgj.kkFkZ js[kk dh e`R;q ds ckn izes vius&vki dks jksd ugha ikrk vkSj og iqfyl ls ?k`.kk djus yxrk gSA mldk Øksèk fgalk dk :i ys ysrk gS&^^lkys eq>s ikxy dgrk gSA eSa rq>s ugha NksM¡x w kA rsjh

vad&1 % tuojh] 2017

ISSN Applied

izos'kkad

37 gh otg ls esjk thou lkFkh eq>ls tqnk gqvk gSA esjk thou cjckn ugha gSAa mudh blh detksjh dk ykHk mBkdj iq#"k leqnk; mUgsa gks x;kA** blls igys fd oks l¡Hky ikrk] eSua s xksyh pyk nhA Nyrk gS] ekjrk&ihVrk gS] cykRdkj djrk gS vkSj fojks/k dh ^^èkk¡;A** ogk¡ dksgjke ep x;kA eSua s lkspk dqÙks dh ekSr ejus ls vkoktksa dks nckus ds fy, mudh gR;k Hkh dj nsrk gSA ;gh dkj.k vPNk gS] vkRegR;k dj yw¡A blds flok esjs ikl dksbZ pkjk ugha gS fd nfyr fpard L=h ek= dks nfyr leqnk; dk gh fgLlk ekurs FkkA**7 ;g nfyr&fonzkgs dk og udkjkRed :i gS tks mls vijkèkh gSa vFkkZr lo.kZ fL=;k¡ Hkh nfyr gh gSa D;ksfa d iq#"kopZLo }kjk mUgsa cuk nsrk gSA gR;k vkSj vkRegR;k }kjk ugha cfYd n`<+ fojks/k }kjk Hkh jkSna k tkrk gS rFkk nfyr fL=;k¡ nksgjh nfyr gaS D;ksfa d os nfyr gh nfyrksa dks vius 'kks"k.k ds f[kykQ bl yM+kbZ dks thruk gksxkA Hkh gSa vkSj L=h HkhA mUgsa iq#"k vgadkj ds lkFk&lkFk o.kZ vgadkj blesa langs ugha fd cnys dh Hkkouk esa vkdj dbZ ckj nfyr }kjk Hkh jkSna k tkrk gSA dgus dh t:jr ugha gS fd mPp o.kZ ds leqnk; Hkh fgalk vkSj vijkèk ij mrk: gks tkrk gSA tSls fd iq#"k vHkh rd nfyr o.kZ dh fL=;ksa dks vius O;fHkpkj dh oLrq fcYVqvk cykRdkj dk cnyk cykRdkj ls ysrk gSA ysfdu vkxs ekurs jgs gSAa nfyr dgkuhdkjksa us bu fLFkfr;ksa dk [kqyklk fd;k pydj mls irk pyrk gS fd lekt ds izHkqoxZ us U;k; O;oLFkk ij gS vkSj ;g Hkh fn[kk;k gS fd fL=;k¡ vc vius bl 'kks"k.k ds fo#) Hkh dCt+k dj j[kk gSA blhfy, tc nfyr vU;k;xzLr gksrk gS rks vlarks"k] vkØks”k vkSj fonzkgs ls Hkj mBh gSa tks u, lkekftd vlarks"k esa ph[kus ds vykok dqN ugha dj ikrk&^^,d ckj rks ifjorZu dk n~;ksrd gSA eksgunkl uSfe”kjk; us viuh dgkuh fof{kIr dh rjg ph[k Hkh iM+k Fkk og] ^cki js ” ” ”! bZ dSlk balkQ ^?kk;y 'kgj dh ,d cLrh es*a lqex a yh dh ek¡11] jQhdu12 vkSj 8 13 gS gqtjw ! gedks cksyus dkgs ugha nsrs gSa js cki!** fcYVqvk dks Bkdqj tloarh ds ek/;e ls ;g n'kkZ;k gS fd lkainz kf;d naxksa dk lcls txr flag }kjk vkjksfir >wBs vijk/k dh gh lt+k feyhA fcYVqvk us cqjk vlj vkSjrksa ij gksrk gS blfy, ;s rhuksa gh vkSjrsa iwjh dh iwjh vius&vki dbZ ckj lp crkuk pkgk ij vnkyr esa mldh lquus lkekftd] vkfFkZd vkSj U;kf;d O;oLFkk ds izfr vlarks"k ls Hkjdj okyk gh ugha FkkA vkf[kj mls lkr lky dh lt+k nh xbZA lcdks dkslrh fn[kkbZ nsrh gSAa ;g L=h ds fonzkgs dk vlgk; :i jRudqekj lkaHkfj;k ^cdjh ds nks cPps* dgkuh esa nyir ds vlarks"k gSA dks izdV djrs gS& a ^^nyir us v¡xj[ks dh tsc ls gk¡ly q h fudkyh jke fugksj foey us ^vc ufga ukpc* dgkuh esa lqjlfr;k ds vlarks"k vkSj 'keZpna dh vksj c<+k nh&^^yks] njksxk th] nku flag ds eq¡g ij dks izdV fd;k gSA ;Fkk&^ôg vkis ls ckgj gks xbZA mlus xkyh nsrs ,d FkIiM+ ekj ns]a esjh vkx cq> tk,xhA**9 tks balku vehj yksxksa gq, dgk&^^lc ml] gjkeh] iafMr dh pky gSA mlds eq¡g esa dhM+s ls 'kksf"kr gksrk gS mlds eu esa bl izdkj dh Hkkouk gksrh gS fd os iM+x as As eq¡g >kSl a kA cSB& s cSBs gjke dh mM+krk gS vkSj mYVk ikB fdlh Hkh rjg vehj dks uhpk fn[kk nsAa vxj mlls ugha gksrk rks i<+kdj lcdk dke fcxkM+rk gSA** -- vkSj fQj [kqydj mls vkSj og mlls rkdroj dk lgkjk ysrk gSA nyir nku flag dk dqN mlds lkrksa iq”rks& a nj&iq”rksa dks xkfy;k¡ nsus yxhA**14 ugha dj ikrk rc 'keZpna ls nku flag dks FkIiM+ ekjus ds fy, ;g Hkh L=h dk vkØks'k xkyh xykst ds :i esa QwV iM+k gS tks iqu% dgrk gS vkSj mlds fy, viuh tsc ls gk¡ly q h fudkydj nsrk gSA bl lekt esa L=h dh vlgk; voLFkk dk gh izrhd gSA ;gk¡ fL=;k¡ ikjaifjd o.kZ&O;oLFkk dh ,d cM+h cqjkbZ ;g gS fd mlesa ;g rd vlarks"k vkSj fonzkgs ls Hkjh rks gSa ysfdu mUgsa djuk D;k gS&bls os gks x;k fd cPps dks ogh dk;Z&O;olk; djuk gksxk tks mlds firk ugha tkurhA blds fy, mudk f'kf{kr gksuk t:jh gSA f'k{kk mUgsa vkSj iqj[ks djrs vk, gSAa eqnkz jk{kl us îS'kkfpd* dgkuh esa n”kkZ;k gS l”kDrhdj.k ds ekxZ lq>krh gSA f'kf{kr gksus ds dkj.k gh dgkuh dh fd uanyky ds fy, vius ukbZ ds dke ds izfr dksbZ bPNk ugha js[kk vius fonzkgs dks dksVZ eSjt s ds :i esa lkdkj :i nsrh gS&^îzes A gksrhA og bl iq'rSuh dk;Z ls ihNk NqMk+ uk pkgrk gS ijarq ukbZ ds rqe fpark er djks -- ;s ekek cM+k eDdkj gSA gekjh izkiVhZ dh otg ?kj esa tUe ysuk mlds fy, vfHk”kki cu tkrk gSA dgkuh bl ls viuh ethZ ds yM+ds ls esjh 'kknh djkuk pkgrk gSA ge yksx O;oLFkk ds izfr vkØks'k dks O;Dr djrh gSA ;Fkk&^^;g mLrjk dksVZ esa 'kknh djsx a As **15 ?kj esa lcds izes &fookg ds f[kykQ gksus ds vthc pht+ FkkA muds lkeus dqlhZ ij cSBs vkneh dh gtker dkj.k js[kk vksj izes dks Hkkx dj dksVZ eSjt s djuh iM+rh gSA cukrk Fkk ij gtker cukus ls igys cM+h lQkbZ ls mudh viuh ^ûgha ge Hkh mdjk ds dgs jgs fd gejk ys ds Hkkx pyA ge vius xnZu dkV dj mudk LokfHkeku cz'k] lkcqu] da?kh] ikuh dh fipdkjh eu ls x, jgsA ge cqr: ls C;kg ugha djsx a As **16 ekyrh dk ;g vkSj dSp a h ds chp j[k nsrk FkkA gj 'kke mUgsa vius /kM+ ls vyx fu.kZ; ;FkkFkZ {ks= ds izfr fonzkgs dk izrhd gS&ftldk ewY; pqdkus gks x;k LokfHkeku nqckjk da/ks ij yxkuk iM+rk Fkk vkSj rc os ikxyksa ds fy, mlds xqIrkax esa tyrh e'kky ?kqlkdj mldh dks[k nkx nh dh rjg nsj rd <ksyd ctkrs FksA**10 izLrqr m)j.k ls ;g Li"V tkrh gS17 vkSj egkohj dks 400 yksxksa dh HkhM+ }kjk iRFkjksa ls gksrk gS fd uanyky dks vius firk ls feyk ukbZ dk is'kk fcYdqy dwp&dwp dj ekj fn;k tkrk gSA18 ^nkx fn;k lp* esa tc ?kj esa ilan ugha Fkk vkSj mudh #fp laxhr esa FkhA os vPNk xhr xk;k ekyrh ij mlls de mez okys yM+ds ls 'kknh dk ncko iM+rk gS djrs Fks vkSj <ksyd Hkh vPNk ctk ysrs FksA lekt esa uanyky tSls rks ;g ckr ekyrh egkohj ls tkdj crkrh gS vkSj dgrh gS fd dbZ yksx gSa tks viuh bPNk ds fo#) [kkunkuh is'kk djrs gSAa vxj rqe eq> ls 'kknh ugha djksxs rks eSa ej tkÅ¡xh ij ml yM+ds ifj.kkeLo:i mUgsa Hkh"k.k ekuoh; ;kruk Hkksxuh iM+rh gSA ds lkFk fookg ugha d:¡xhA bl :i esa og viuk vlarks"k O;Dr ¼[k½ L=h vlarks"k vkSj fonzkgs djrh gSA bl ifj.kfr rd igq¡pus ls igys ekyrh us [kqydj o.kZ ;qxksa ls iq#"kiz/kku O;oLFkk ds vR;kpkj >syrs&>syrs Hkkjrh; lekt O;oLFkk vkSj iq#"kokn dks pqukSrh vo'; nhA ;Fkk&^^tkr&ikr vkt esa fL=;k¡ 'kks"k.k vkSj vR;kpkj dh bruh vH;Lr gks pqdh gSa fd mUgsa ds ekus gS\ rksguh Hkh rks NksV tkr dh vkSjr ds j[kuh j[k fy;s gksA ;g ekywe ugha gS fd ftls os viuh egkurk vkSj lEeku dk fo"k; eksguk rks C;kgrk vkSjr ds Hkxk ds ys vk;k gSA gej ds egkohj le> jgh gSa og okLro esa mudh ew[kZrk vkSj 'kks"k.k gSA ;gh dkj.k vPNk yxs gS ge Ådjk lax C;kg djys gSA I;kj tcju FkksMs+ gksr gS fd fL=;k¡ vk/kh tula[;k gksus ds ckotwn laxfBr vkSj tkx:d gS fd ge rksguh esa ls pqu ysrh fdlh dsA ekyrh us rM+kd ls mÙkj ifjys[k 'kks/k lanHkZ ¼bZif=dk½

vad&1 % tuojh] 2017

ISSN Applied

izos'kkad 38 19 fn;kA og rc rd Mjh ugha FkhA** lekt esa L=h dks vius eu dh gS&^^jk[kh dh nsojkuh fceyk us Hkh fgEer ls tokc fn;kA vpkud ckr dgus dk Hkh dksbZ gd ugha gS ij viuh bPNk ds vuqlkj tc mlus Bkdqj peu flag dk xyk [kwc dldj idM+ fy;kA Bkdqj izes fookg djrh gS rc og viuh bPNk dks lc ds lkeus crk nsrh ftruk fceyk ds gkFk dks NqMk+ us dh dksf'k'k djrk] mruh gh gSA tc egkohj vkSj ekyrh dks xk¡o okil ykrs gSa rc ekyrh lc mldh gFksyh dlrh tkrh FkhA ,d ckMhxkMZ fjokYoj fudky dj ds lkeus fcuk Mjs vius eu dh ckr dgrh gSA blls xk¡o okys xksyh pykus gh tk jgk Fkk rc rd fceyk us viuh idM+ dl mlls vkSj Hkh Øksf/kr gksrs gSa vkSj mls iwoZ of.kZr vekuqf'kd lt+k djds [khap nhA peu Bkdqj dVs isM+ dh rjg fxj iM+k] mldh thHk nsrs gSAa vkSj vk¡[ksa ckgj fudy vkbZAa lcds lc Bkdqj dh ns[kHkky esa tqV L=h 'kks"k.k dk vR;ar 'keZukd psgjk os”;kvksa ds lanHkZ esa ?kM+rk gSA x, Fks] rHkh vpkud fceyk us cM+h gksf'k;kjh ds lkFk ckMhxkMZ dh cq)'kj.k gal us os';kvksa ds ckjs esa crkrs gq, fy[kk gS&^^lhrkckbZ dks fjokYoj Nhu yhA fQj og dc csgks'k gqbZ mls dqN irk gh ugha tc ;g ekywe gqvk fd mldk cki gh mldh uFk mrkjus ds fy, pykA tc mls gks'k vk;k] rks og Hkokuhiqj Fkkus esa FkhA fceyk us mrkoyk gS] og vkx ckcwyk gks xbZA Nr ls dwn dj ejus dks rS;kj vius tqYe dk cnyk lkr yksxksa dks [kRe djds ys fy;kA fceyk gqbAZ xhrkckbZ [kqn ml dehus ,l-ih- ls fdlh dkj.k ls tyh&Hkquh viuh jk[kh ds ckjs esa lksp jgh Fkh rHkh mlds eu esa ,d egkekuo gqbZ FkhA mlus mlds dehusiu ij Fkwd fn;kA ;g gS enksZa dk dk [+k;ky ,oa muds fopkj vk,] lkspus yxh fd fdlh us Bhd gh cg”khiuA cki /kkfeZd gS vkSj viuh gh csVh ds lkFk os';ko`fÙk djuk dgk Fkk fd ^^tqYe djus okys ls tqYe lgus okyk T;knk xqukgxkj pkgrk gSA tkfr dk czkã.k] in ls ,l-ih- vkSj D;k pkfg, iru ds gksrk gSA** ykt 'keZ rks ftLe <ds jgus rd gh gksrh gSA vkSjr uaxh fy,\ czãk dh vkSykn rks czãk dk vuqdj.k djsxh ghA bl eksgYys gks ;k <dh og ges'kk lcyk gh gksrh gSA**22 dh ckb;ksa esa vk/ks ls vf/kd czkã.k dU;k gSAa lc ij mlds gh lekt esa tc vkSjr vius lkFk gksus okys] vR;kpkj ds f[kykQ mB HkkbZ&cki] ekek] llqj us vR;kpkj fd, gSAa iukg dkSu nsxk fL=;ksa [kM+h gksrh gS rc mlds xqLls dks dksbZ ugha jksd ikrkA ;g fLFkfr dks\ flok; bu dksBksa ds\ eSa [kqn czkã.kh gw¡A cki dh gol dk gh Qwyu nsoh tSlh nL;q&lqna fj;ksa ds mn; ds fy, ftEesnkj gksrh f”kdkjA lkspdj vHkh Hkh f?ku yxrk gSA esjk cki eafnj dk iqjksfgr gSA ^,d&,d dne* dgkuh esa Hkh fL=;ksa ds vkØks'k dk fp=.k fd;k FkkA og HkDrksa es]a tks ekynkj gksrk] mls Qqlykrk] cgdkrk vkSj x;k gS& ^^cq<Å + dh vk¡[ksa clarh ds vkS<u+ s ds lhls ds fpydkjs ls ,d jkr ds fy, eq>s mlds lkFk csp nsrkA eq>ls og [kwc dekbZ pqfa /k;k¡ xbZ& ^^vjs fcluok L;kys Hkkx ;g rks ljiapuh ugha lk{kkr~ djus yxkA ikfjokfjd ifjos”k esa eSa dqN Hkh djus ds fy, vH;Lr paMh gS -- j.kpaMh --- bldk rks rst gh ugha lgk tk jgk jsA** gks xbZA exj fdLer us lkFk ugha fn;kA ,d fnu mlus eq> ij gh fcluok tehankst gks x;kA ckoks lk fpYyk mBs&^^t; j.kpaMh dh dqnf` "V Mky nh vkSj viuh gol dk f'kdkj cuk fy;kA eSa foo'k -- t; Hkokuh dh -- t; nqxkZ ek¡ dh --A** clarh ckck ds cSu lqu dqN dj u ldhA eu gh eu nqxkZ ek¡] y{eh ek¡ dks Lej.k dj ytk xbZA ckck dh ykBh Fkke lkaRouk nhA**23 clarh paMh :i /kkj.k dgk& ek¡! csVh dh j{kk djA tc os';k gh cuuk gS] rc vius eu djds lHkh ls yM+us yxrh gS vkSj vius ifr vkSj nsoj dks ns[kdj ls jkt d:¡xhA vius cki dh os';k cuus ls rks vPNk gS] dksBs dh og fpYykrh gSA blls lkjs xk¡o ds yksxksa ds lkFk ?kj okys Hkh Mj os';k cuukA lks vkt eSa bl dksBs ij gw¡A izlUu gw¡A nsoh ek¡ dh — tkrs gSa clarh ds bl :i dks ns[kdj vkSj lHkh ogk¡ ls Hkkxus yxrs ik cuh jgrh gS fd nks Hkys xzkgd fey tkrs gSAa **20 gSAa ^vfLerk ygw&yqgku* dgkuh esa ';kekckbZ ,d ,slh L=h gS ftls lwjtiky pkSgku dh dgkuh ^cncw* esa larks’k tkfrxr is'ks ¼ik[kkuk lekt esa ugha cfYd vius ?kj esa vius firk ds gkFkksa gh ;kSu 'kks"k.k lkQ djus½ ds izfr vlarks’k dks la;fer <ax ls vius ifr ds le{k dk f'kdkj cuuk iM+kA ';kekckbZ lksprh gS fd vxj os';k gh cuuk O;Dr djrh gSA ijarq ifr mldh ,d ugha lqurkA ;Fkk& ^^lkjs fnu gS rc viuh ethZ ls dke d:¡xh vkSj og ?kj ls ckgj vkdj viuh larks’k ds eu esa mFky&iqFky eph jghA jkr dks ifr ls fQj mlus ethZ ls os';ko`fÙk djus yxrh gSA ;g L=h&fonzkgs dk udkjkRed lh/ks&lhèks 'kCnksa esa ik[kkuk lkQ u djus dh ckr dghA mldh ckr :i gSA iq#"k ds izfr ?k`.kk vkSj Øks/k ls Hkjdj cnys dh Hkkouk ls lqudj ifr HkM+d mBk Fkk vkSj vkx&ccwyk gksrs gq, cksyk&^^rw ugha Lo;a dks nsg&O;kikj esa layXu djuk fonzkgs kRed dk;Z rks gS] ysfdu djsxh rks D;k rsjk cki djus vk,xk\** ckr djrs&djrs mlus bls ldkjkRed fonzkgs ugha dgk tk ldrkA larks"k dks ,d FkIiM+ Hkh tM+ fn;kA og dqN nsj jksrh jghA fQj iq#"kopZLo vkSj tkfr&xr vgadkj ds }kjk neu ds ckotwn ^vkrad* FkksMh+ nsj ckn fgEer tqVkrs gq, cksyh&^^pkgs esjh tku pyh tk, ij dgkuh esa jk[kh dh gR;k ds ckn fceyk dk vkokt mBkuk Hkh blh eSa ;g xank dke gjfxt ugha d:¡xhA** fonzkgs dk izrhd gS Hkys gh mls Hkh u"V dj fn;k x;k gks&^^ysfdu ^^lkyh rw dkS.k&lh cf.k;k ;k cke.k dh tkbZ gS tks ;g dke uk vc rd jk[kh dh nsojkuh fceyk dk vkØks'k c<+ x;k Fkk] og djsxh\** ifr us bl ckj ykr dk okj mldh ihB ij fd;kA og ?kk;y 'ksjuh Qwyu nsoh vkSj >ydkjh ckbZ dk :i /kkj.k dj iqfyl vc iyax ls /kjrh ij tk fxjhA larks"k us vius dks laHkkyrs gq, fQj iz'kklu ds lkeus vk xbZ vkSj iqfyl ds yk'k mBkus ij jksd yxk dgk&^^eSa i<+h&fy[kh gw¡ vkSj fQj ;g dke eSua s rks D;k esjs ek¡&cki nhA**21 us Hkh ugha fd;kA**24 L=h dks lekt esa ncs jgus ls mls vkSj Hkh 'kksf"kr fd;k tkrk gS ij fookg ds igys yM+dh vius eSds esa ftl izdkj jgrh gS vxj fookg tc og viuh vkokt mBkdj yM+us yxrh gS rks Hk;adj Hkh gks ds ckn dk okrkoj.k mlds foijhr gks rks og vius dks ml ls tksM+ mBrh gSA jk[kh dks Bkdqjksa }kjk tykdj ekj nsus ij fceyk iqfyl ugha ikrh vkSj viuh bPNk ds fo#) dke djus dh foo”krk mls ls iksLVekVZe djus ds fy, yM+rh gSA ;g ns[kdj ncax Bkdqj xk¡o fonzkgs h cuk nsrh gSA larks"k dk fonzkgs tc vfHkO;fDriw.kZ u gks ikrk NksMd + j Hkkx tkrs gSAa nwljs fnu peu Bkdqj fceyk dks bldh rks og vanj&vanj ?kqVus yxrh rFkk nsg vkSj eu nksuksa ls chekj gks ykseg"kZd ltk nsrk gS ijarq fceyk gks'k jgus rd mlls tw>rh tkrh gSA ifjys[k 'kks/k lanHkZ ¼bZif=dk½

vad&1 % tuojh] 2017

ISSN Applied

izos'kkad 39 mi;qDZ r foospu ls irk pyrk gS fd nfyr dgkuhdkjksa us nfyr lanHkZ vkØks'k dks cnys gq, lkekftd lanHkksZa esa lVhd vfHkO;fDr iznku 1-2- vksogh]eizi`d- k'k25 okYehfd] 'ko;k=k] u;h lnh dh igpku % Js"B nfyr dgkfu;k¡] i`- 22 fugksj foey] vc ufga ukpc] u;h lnh dh igpku % Js"B nfyr dgkfu;k¡] i`- 41 dh gSA bl n`f"V ls vkseizdk'k okYehfd dh 'ko;k=k] jke fugksj 3-4- jke ogh] i`- 48 5ogh] foey dh vc ufga ukpc] izes dikfM+;k dh thou lkFkh] jru oekZ 6- ogh] i`i`-- 5163 dh cykRdkjh] jRudqekj lkaHkfj;k dh cdjh ds nks cPps] eqnkz jk{kl 7- izse dikfM+;k] thou lkFkh] u;h lnh dh igpku % Js"B nfyr dgkfu;k¡] i`- 72 8- jru oekZ] cykRdkjh] u;h lnh dh igpku % Js"B nfyr dgkfu;k¡] i`- 136 dh iS'kkfpd ds uke mYys[kuh; gSAa blh izdkj L=h ds 'kks"k.k ds 9- jRudqekj lkaHkfj;k] cdjh ds nks cPps] u;h lnh dh igpku % Js"B nfyr dgkfu;k¡] i`- 118 10- eqnzkjk{kl] iS”kkfpd] u;h lnh dh igpku % Js"B nfyr dgkfu;k¡] i`- 151 fo#) vkØks'k dks Hkh jke fugksj foey dh vc ufga ukpc] izes 11- u;h lnh dh igpku % Js"B nfyr dgkfu;k¡] i`- 17 lnh dh igpku % Js"B nfyr dgkfu;k¡] i`- 19 dikfM+;k dh thou lkFkh] jef.kdk xqIrk dh nkx fn;k lp] 12-13- u;h u;h lnh dh igpku % Js"B nfyr dgkfu;k¡] i`- 20 14- jke fugksj foey] vc ufga ukpc] u;h lnh dh igpku % Js"B nfyr dgkfu;k¡] i`- 32 cq)'kj.k gal dh vfLerk ygw&yqgku] dfo jkts'k dqekj ckS) dh 15- izse dikfM+;k] thou lkFkh] u;h lnh dh igpku % Js"B nfyr dgkfu;k¡] i`- 68 xqIrk] nkx fn;k lp] u;h lnh dh igpku % Js"B nfyr dgkfu;k¡] i`- 81 vkrad] Hkokuh flag dh ,d&,d dne] lwjtiky pkSgku dh cncw 16-17- jef.kdk ogh] i`- 81 ogh] i`- 82 dgkfu;ksa esa izcy :i ls mHkkjk x;k gS vkSj ;g Hkh n'kkZ;k x;k gS 18-19- ogh] i`- 8 20cq gal] vfLerk ygw&yqgku] u;h lnh dh igpku % Js"B nfyr dgkfu;k¡] i`- 93 fd iq#"kkgadkj ls Hkjk gqvk tkfroknh iq#"klekt L=h ds fonzkgs dks 21- jkts)'kj.k ”k dqekj ckS)] vkrad] u;h lnh dh igpku % Js"B nfyr dgkfu;k¡] i`- 101 ogh] i`- 101 cnkZ'kr ugha dj ikrk vkSj mls Hk;kud vekuqf'kd ;kruk,¡ nsrk gSA 22-23- Hkokuh flag] ,d&,d dne] u;h lnh dh igpku % Js"B nfyr dgkfu;k¡] i`- 110 24- lwjtiky pkSgku] cncw] u;h lnh dh igpku % Js"B nfyr dgkfu;k¡] i`- 132

esg#fUulk ijost+ dh dgkfu;ksa esa vkfnoklh laL—fr % yksdrRo & M‚- vuqiek frokjh vkfnoklh leqnk; izk;% vk/kqfudh—r leqnk;ksa ls nwj ioZrh; vkSj oukapyksa eas fuokl djrs gaS rFkk vius ikjaifjd jhfr fjokt vkSj fo'oklksa dks lqjf{kr j[krs gSAa ;s jhfr fjokt] fo'okl vkfn yksdrRo ds uke ls tkus tkrs gSa ^^;fn lkfgR; dks ekuo eu dh lw{ere vuqHkwfr;ksa dk ban/z kuq"kh izfrfcac dgsa rks mlesa ifjO;kIr yksdrRo dks mldh lw{ere varjax lrjafxuh vkHkk dk ewy dgk tkuk pkfg,A**1 'kCn dks'kksa esa ^yksd* 'kCn dh O;k[;k dbZ izdkj ls dh xbZ gS rFkk blds ^^lk/kkj.kr% nks vFkZ fo'ks"k izpfyr gSAa ,d rks gS& bg yksd] ijyksd vFkok f=yksdA nwljk vFkZ ^yksd* dk gS ^tu lkekU;*& blh dk fganh :i ^yksx* gSA**2 bls ikfjHkkf"kr djrs gq, dgk tk ldrk gS fd ^^tks yksx laL—r ;k ifj"—r oxZ ls izHkkfor u gksdj viuh iqjkru fLFkfr;ksa esa gh jgrs gSa os ^yksd* gksrs gSAa **3 vfHkizk; ;g gS fd ;gk¡ izklafxd vFkZ esa ^yksd* 'kCn dk vfHkizk; mu yksxksa ls gS ^^tks lH; lektksa ds izHkkoksa ls ckgj jgrs gq, vkt Hkh vkfne voLFkkvksa esa thou fcrk jgs gSAa **4 bls ;ksa Hkh dgk tk ldrk gS fd ^^yksd 'kCn dk vFkZ ^tkuin* ;k ^xzkE;* ugha gS cfYd uxjksa vkSj xk¡oksa esa QSyh gqbZ og leLr turk gS] ftuds O;kogkfjd Kku dk vk/kkj iksfFk;k¡ ugha gSAa ;s yksx uxj ds ifj"—r #fp laiUu rFkk lqlaL—r le>s tkusokys yksxksa dh vis{kk vf/kd ljy rFkk v— f=e thou ds vH;Lr gksrs gSa vkSj ifj"—r #fp okys yksxksa dh lewph foykflrk vkSj lqdeq kjrk dks thfor j[kus ds fy, tks Hkh oLrq,¡ vko”;d gksrh gSa mUgsa mRiUu djrs gSAa **5 bl izdkj lHkh ifjHkk"kkvksa dks ;fn lw{erk ls ns[kk tk, rks lkekU; ;k lk/kkj.k turk ds n~okjk fof'k"V lH;rk] f'k"Vrk] laL—fr] ikafMR; izn'kZu] 'kSf{kd vgadkj vkfn ls nwj jgdj] ijaijk ls pys vkus okys vius yksdkpkj] yksdfo'okl] Hkkoukvksa rFkk :f<+;ksa dks cuk, j[kuk vkSj ifjys[k 'kks/k lanHkZ ¼bZif=dk½

mlh thou ls thus dk vH;Lr gksuk gh ^yksd* dk y{k.k gSA nwljs 'kCnksa esa ;g dg ldrs gSa fd yksd og lgt&LokHkkfod lekt gS tks Hkksyk gS] Hkyk gS vkSj lgt iz—fr ls vR;ar LokfHkekuh gSA ;s lkjs y{k.k vkfnoklh leqnk; ij ykxw gksrs gSAa viuh ijaijkvksa dk ikyu djrs gq, ;s leqnk; lH; dgs tkusokys lekt ls fcYdqy fHkUu gksrs gSAa vr% budh laL—fr yksdrRoksa ij vk/kkfjr gS vFkkZr~ yksd laL—fr gksrh gSA vr% vkfnoklh thou vkSj ifjos'k ds izkekf.kd fp=.k ds fy, mudh laL—fr vFkok yksdrRo dk lekos'k djuk vko';d gSA esg#fUulk ijost+ us bl rF; dks n`f"ViFk esa j[kdj ;FkkLFkku vkfnokfl;ksa ds jhfr&fjokt] /keZ] izFkk,¡] yksd fo'okl] mRlo rFkk yksd ijaijk dks viuh dgkfu;ksa esa LFkku fn;k gSA esg#fUulk ijost+ us vkfnokfl;ksa dh os'kHkw"kk dk ;FkkFkZ vadu dbZ LFkyksa ij fd;k gS vkSj ;g Hkh Li"V fd;k gS fd vkfnoklh vapy vk/kqfud Ük`x a kj izlk/kuksa ls ifjfpr ugha gS ysfdu lgt lkSna ;Z vkSj Ük`x a kj isez mUgsa vius <ax ls ltus l¡ojus ds fy, isfz jr djrk gSA ;Fkk&^^gj fnu dh rjg vkt Hkh mlus iw.kZ Ük`x a kj dj j[kk gSA og ukd esa QqYyh] xys esa uhj xqfj;k rFkk #i;k ekyk] rkcht] dk¡p&ef.k] dku esa f[kyok¡] Å¡xyh esa #i;k] vaxBw h] dk¡p dh eksVh pwfM+;kas ds lkFk cuqfj;k rFkk iSj esa iSMh+ igus FkhA ekFks ij ryk dkljku] twMs+ esa drMkx ¼dkSMh+ ½] jk¡x ifu;k rFkk enkj iksx a kj ¼enkj Qwy½ yxk, FkhA**6 ltuk&l¡ojuk vkSj lanq j fn[kuk euq"; dh lgtkr izo`fÙk gksrh gSA blesa xguksa dk ;ksxnku ize[q k gksrk gSA vkfnokfl;ksa ds xgus fHkUu&fHkUu izdkj ds gksrs gSAa mudk thou iz—fr ij fuHkZj gksus ds dkj.k os Qwy ds xgus Hkh igurs gSAa muds xguksa esa ukd dh dhy] xys esa ekyk] #i, ¼flDds½ dh vaxBw h] pwfM+;ksa vkfn dk iz;ksx gksrk gSA iSj esa eksVh&eksVh ik;y] ckyksa esa jkx ifu;k rFkk enkj ds Qwy muds lkSna ;Z dks c<+krs gSAa ^dkuhckV* ds mi;qDZ r m)j.k dh Hkk¡fr gh bl lanHkZ esa ^taxyh fgjuh* ds fuEufyf[kr va'k Hkh n`"VO; gSa & ¼v½ ^^vkSj lkeus yPNks flj ij ?kkl dk xV~Bj mBk, nwj ls vkrh fn[khA mlds iSjksa esa iM+s pkanh ds dM+s mNydj viuh fLFkfr dk Hkku djk jgs FksA yPNks us ?kqVuksa ds Åij rd lkM+h ck¡/kh FkhA**7 ¼vk½ ^^[kk&ihdj eLr gksdj nks Vksfy;ksa esa ;qorh&;qod caV x,A yM+dksa us flj ij lhax vkSj mlesa yVdh dkSfM+;ksa dh yM+]as eksj ia[k igu j[kk Fkk vkSj yM+fd;ksa us xys Hkjdj ew¡xkas dh ekyk] flj esa

vad&1 % tuojh] 2017

ISSN Applied

izos'kkad 40 ck¡l dh da?kh [kksl]s twgh ds Qwy yxk,] ,d gkFk esa ydM+h idM+s ?kj ls ckgj fudkyk tkrk gS] vkSj mlh fnu og HkyhHkk¡fr Luku djrh gSA tksuh us Hkh bl laLdkj dk fuokZg fd;k gSA mls lkjs ukp 'kq: fd;kA**8 mi;qDZ r va'kksa esa efM+;k tkfr ds vkHkw"k.kkfn dh ppkZ gSA efM+;k 'kjhj esa rsy ekfy'k djds rFkk gYnh dk mcVu yxkdj unh esa tkfr dh fL=;k¡ tks èkksrh igurh gS]a og dej ls dlh gqbZ rFkk Luku djk;k x;k gSA vkfnoklh ekurs gSa fd tc rd ln~; izlo ?kqVuksa ds dqN Åij rd gksrh gSA ;gk¡ ysf[kdk us yPNks dh lkM+h ek¡ gYnh ls iw.kZ:i ls Luku ugha djrh rc rd og v'kq) jgrh gSA dk ftl izdkj o.kZu fd;k gS] mlls ;g Li"V gksrk gS fd yPNks bl Luku ds ckn gh og ifo= gksdj ?kj ds lHkh&Hkkstu] iwtk?kj efM+;k tkfr dh vkfnoklh L=h gS] mls xguksa ls isez gSA iSj esa mlus vkfn ds dk;Z dj ldrh gSA esg#fUulk ijost+ us blh dgkuh esa pk¡nh ds eksVs dM+s igus gS]a ftudh >udkj iSjksa dh 'kksHkk c<+k jgh ukedj.k laLdkj dh Hkh ppkZ dh gSA ;Fkk& gSA nwljs mnkgj.k esa Li"V gS fd fdlh fo'ks"k volj ij ;qod vkSj ¼v½ ^^,d l;kuh vkSjr mBh] ftlds gkFk esa yksgs dk dM+k FkkA Z ksa ;qofr;k¡ fof'k"V :i dk igukok igurs gSAa ;qod flj ij lhax mlus likM+h iÙks dk NksVk&lk uUgk&lk dkoM+k cuk;k vkSj iwot yxkrs gS]a dkSMh dh yM+kas ls ;qDr eksj ia[k igurs gSAa dkSMh+ ?kks?a ks dh ds uke ysrh xbZA ,d uke ij cPpk vius gkFk dks da/ks rd ys x;k Z gS] fQj rjg dk ,d leqnhz dhM+k gksrk gS] ftldh gfM~M;k¡ flDds ds :i rks mlus izlUu eqnkz esa ,syku fd;k fd ;g Qyk¡ iwot esa vkfnokfl;ksa ds dke vkrh gSAa vkHkw"k.k ds :i esa budk iz;ksx mlus tksuh dh xksn ls cPps dks mBkdj >wys esa Mky fn;kA cPps fd;k tkrk gSA vkfnokfl;ksa esa fL=;ksa dh ds'k lTtk esa ck¡l dh dh dej esa fcjth ekyk Mkyh xbZA lcus feydj xkuk xkrs gq, da?kh dk cgqr egRo gSA ;s daf?k;k¡ mUgsa muds isez h nsrs gSAa ;fn dksbZ cPps dks >wyk >qyk;kA dkdh us dk¡ls dh Fkkyh dks nkrkSu ls yM+dh dq:i gksrh gS vkSj dksbZ ;qod mls da?kh ugha nsrk rks ogk¡ dk ctkdj yM+ds dk uke j[kkA**13 ljnkj gh ml yM+dh dks da?kh nsdj vk'oklu nsrk gSA da?kh ds ¼vk½ ^^tksuh cPps dks xksn esa ysdj ckgj vkbZ vkSj vkSjrksa ds chp cSB lkFk&lkFk yM+fd;k¡ ew¡xksa dh ekyk rFkk twgh ds Qwy dk Hkh iz;ksx xbZA dkdks us nh;k tykdj mlds lkeus j[k fn;k vkSj ,d Fkkyh esa pkoy j[k xbZA vkSjrsa vkrha&tkrha vkSj ,d eqVB~ h pkoy ysrha djrh gSAa esys ds volj dh os'kHkw"kk vyx gksrh gSA bl os'kHkw"kk dk fp=kadu vkSj Åij gkFk djds pkoy dks cPps ij fxjk nsrha fd [kwc yach ysf[kdk us bl izdkj fd;k gS&^^yPNh cM+& s cM+s Qwyksa okyh dksls dh vk;q ik, vkSj #i;k&vkB vkuk ls cPps dk Vhdk djrhaA tksuh lkM+h ck¡/ks xys esa <sj ls ew¡xksa dh ekyk Mky lj ds Åij ihry dk lkeus j[ks nh;s dks ,d gkFk ls vius pkjksa vksj ?kqekdj lkeus j[krh eqdVq igus gkFkksa esa pk¡nh ds dM+]s ckyksa esa egdrh tqgh dh ekyk vkSj ml ij gFksyh QSykdj vk¡[k ls yxk ysrhA mlds ckn nwljh a rhA blh rjg lcus fd;kA**14 Vkads eLr ukfxu dh rjg rcys dh Fkki ij >we jgh FkhA**9 ;gk¡ vkSjr viuh vk¡[k lsd xk¡o ds nar's ojh nsoh dh iwtk ds volj ij] laxhr&u`R; ds volj vkfnokfl;ksa dk ;g fo”okl gS fd ?kj esa ;fn dksbZ L=h xHkZorh Z gh tUe ysrs gSAa ;s dkSu ls ij vkfnoklh ;qorh yPNks dh lkt lTtk n'kZuh; gSA nsoh iwtk esa gksrh gS rks mlds xHkZ ls muds iwot iw o t Z gS & a bldk irk yxkus ds fy, ^v* esa of.kZr i)fr viuk dj yPNks izlUu gksdj ukp jgh FkhA ysf[kdk us Hkhy tkfr dh L=h ds ifj/kku dk Hkh ;FkkFkZ o.kZu fd;k cPps dk ukedj.k fd;k tkrk gS vkSj >wys esa >qyk;k tkrk gSA gS tks bl izdkj gS&^^cqfèk;k viuh /kqu esa vius ihgj dk xhr xk jgh ukedj.k ls igys dkals dh Fkkyh dks nkrwu ls ctkdj g"kZ O;Dr FkhA eq[k ij ls ?kw¡?kV ljd x;k FkkA yky NhaV dh deht vkSj fd;k tkrk gSA blh izdkj lkSj x`g esa ls tc cPps dks igyh ckj ihyk NhaVos kyk] uhyh fdukjs okyk ?kk?kjk igus FkhA xys esa eksfr;ksa fudkyk tkrk gS] rc ^vk* esa of.kZr cPps dks igyh ckj ns[kus dk dh ekyk] #i;ksa dh ekyk FkhA pfd;k dh ?kjZ&?kjZ ds lkFk pwfM+;ksa laLdkj fd;k tkrk gSA blh izdkj tUe lac/a kh vU; laLdkjksa esa NBh s k dh ?kksVy q dh iqjkuh ls lqj Hkh fey x, FksA pwfM+;ksa ds lkFk xhr ds ehBs cksy dksBkj esa dk cgqr egRo gksrk gSA ;Fkk&^^vkt nqyl s k dks mlus igys ls gh xw¡t mBs FksA**10 ;gk¡ cqf/k;k ds ifj/kku dk tks fooj.k fn;k x;k gS nksLr tksuh ds ?kj NBh dk U;kSrk FkkA nqyl mlds jax fo/kku vkSj lTtk 'kSyh ls gh irk py tkrk gS fd og cqyok fy;k FkkA vkt tksuh dk cPpk iwjs ,d ekg dk gks x;k Hkhy L=h gS D;ksfa d &^^Hkhy fL=;k¡ yky] ihys] dRFkbZ] dkys jax ds FkkA**15 tUe lac/a kh laLdkj fof/k;ksa dh rjg gh fookg laLdkj Hkh cwVns kj diM+kas ds ygaxs igurh gSAa os ?kqVuksa rd yacs ?kk?kjs Hkh vkfnokfl;ksa dk i;kZIr jkspd gSA buds fookg laLdkj esa nks rjg dh fofèk;k¡ gksrh gSAa izFke ;g fd ekrk&firk yM+dh ds fy, ;ksX; igurh gaAS os yack nqiV~Vk vks<r+ h gSAa **11 vkfnokfl;ksa ds xgus vkSj os'kHkw"kk gh ugha muds laLdkj Hkh dfFkr oj dk p;u djrs gSAa nwljk ;g fd yM+dk&yM+dh Lo;a ,d&nwljs a + tutkfr esa ,d izFkk Hknztu ls cgqr fHkUu gksrs gSAa vU; tkfr;ksa dh Hkk¡fr muds tkfr;ksa dks ilan djrs gS]a vkSj fookg dj ysrs gSAa xksM a k+ as esa fookg ds igys yelsu dh Hkh izFkk esa Hkh tUe] fookg o e`R;q laLdkj dks izèkkurk izkIr gSA gS &yelsu izFkkA ^^dqN xksM mnkgj.kkFkZ&^^nqyl s k ped dj iyVh rks ns[kk tksuh ugkdj ykSV gS vFkkZr fdlh laiUu yM+dh dk firk euilan yM+ds dks ?kj j[k vkbZ gSA gYnh ds mcVu ls og ugkbZ Fkh blfy, ihyh&ihyh lanq j ysrk gSA mls rhu ls ik¡p o"kZ rd ogk¡ jguk gksrk gSA bl chp esa pV[k yx jgh FkhA mlds cky ihB ij QSys FksA mlds 'kjhj dk th rksM+ esgur djuh iM+rh gSA tc yM+dh dk firk mlds dke xksnuk /kqydj mHkj vk;k FkkA psgjs ij ek¡ cuus dh xfjekA lkjk ¼ifjJe½ ls lar"q V gks tkrk gS rks nksuksa dk fookg dj fn;k tkrk gSA rhu ls ik¡p lky ds le; esa og yM+dk yelsu dgykrk gSA**16 'kjhj tkM+k esa rsy dh ekfy'k ls ped jgk FkkA**12 ifjokj dks tksMu+ ]s [kq'kh nsus o ?kj dks le`) cukus dk dk;Z L=h gh esg#fUulk ijost+ us bl izFkk dk o.kZu ^dkuhckV* dgkuh esa fd;k djrh pyh vk jgh gSA ij mldh iw.kZrk ek¡ cuus ij gksrh gSA gS] ;Fkk&^^gk¡&gk¡] ?kj&tekbZ j[kk gS] ij D;k rq>s vHkh lkSia s ns jgs ekr`Ro dh Nfo mldh lqna jrk dks xfjek iznku djrh gSA blfy, gS]a tks rw dsdM+s dh rjg tku [kksn jgh gS\** ek¡ us eqldkrs gq, dgk] a ]s mldh dekbZ f'k'kq tUe ds lkFk gh dbZ izdkj ds laLdkj ;k jhfr fjokt laiUu ^^vHkh rks lky Hkj jgsxk] mlds jax&<ax ns[ksx 17 [kk,¡ x ] s rc yM+ d h lkS i a x s A s ** fd, tkrs gSAa f'k'kq tUe ds vkB ;k nl fnuksa ds ckn ek¡ dks izlo ifjys[k 'kks/k lanHkZ ¼bZif=dk½

vad&1 % tuojh] 2017

ISSN Applied

izos'kkad 41 bl dgkuh esa nqyl s k ds ekrk&firk us mlds fy, yelsu ds :i dk gksrk gS] mruk gh egRo ckjkfr;ksa dks Hkh fn;k tkrk gSA mudk esa jkew dks j[kk gSA tc ;g ckr nqyl s k ds lkeus [kqyrh gS rks og vknj lRdkj dU;k i{k ds yksxksa dk drZO; gksrk gSA gksjk] Fkksjk dh ty&Hkqu mBrh gSA rc ek¡ mls le>krs gq, dgrh gS fd igys ckjkr esa ckjkfr;ksa dk Lokxr djrs gq, ,d O;fDr ckjkr ds vkxs mldh dekbZ [kk,¡x]s dk;Z ds izfr mldh yxu o ifjJe ns[ksx a As ihry ds dy'k esa ikuh Mkydj ,d fn;k tykdj ckjkfr;ksa ds rc tkdj dgha yM+dh lkSia x as As tc rd jkew ;gk¡ jgsxk] rc rd og vkxs&vkxs pyrk gSA xk¡o ds tks nwljs O;fDr gSa os dy'k esa 'kxqu yelsu gh jgsxkA fookg r; djus ;k fj”rs dh ckr pyus ds volj ds :i esa dqN #i, Mky nsrs gS]a ckn esa og #i;k yM+dh dks fn;k ij Hkh vkfnokfl;ksa esa ,d jhfr viukbZ tkrh gS ftldk fooj.k tkrk gSA tSlk fd igys dgk tk pqdk gS] vkfnoklh fookg dh nks blh dgkuh esa vkxs bl izdkj fn;k x;k gS& ^^Qwyks ds ?kj ds lkeus i)fr;k¡ gSAa ,d rks ek¡&cki }kjk fd, x, p;u ls rFkk nwljk Lo;a nks cfYy;k¡ xkM+dj lwvj dks mYVk yVdk fn;k FkkA ;g bl ckr ilan djdsA Fkksjk vkSj gksjk dk fookg xk¡o ds lHkh yksxksa us cM+h dk lwpd Fkk fd Qwyks ds yM+ds okys vk, gS]a vkSj Hkhrj ckr py mRlqdrk ls ns[kk D;ksfa d og igyh i)fr esa fd;k x;k Qsjos kyk jgh gSA tc ckr r; gks tk,xh rks lwvj dks lh/kk dj fn;k tk,xk fookg FkkA ;gk¡ ;g Hkh ladrs fd;k x;k gS fd Qsjksa okyk fookg rFkk 'kke dks blh lwvj dks dkVdj lc yksx 'kjkc ds lkFk [kkdj eagxk iM+rk gS blfy, vf/kdrj fookg ^HkxkSfj;k* esys esa ijLij vkuan euk,¡xAs rks Qwyks dk Hkh C;kg gks tk,xkA**18 Li"V gS fd tc ilan ds vk/kkj ij Hkkx dj gh fd, tkrs gSAa yM+ds okys yM+dh ds ;gk¡ fookg r; djus ds fy, vkrs gS]a rks ?kj xksnuk % vkfnokfl;ksa dh :ilTtk esa xksnuk dk egRoiw.kZ LFkku gSA ds eq[; }kj ij eksVh&eksVh ydfM+;ksa ij lwvj dks mYVk Vkax nsrs mudk ;g fo'okl gS fd ;fn 'kjhj ij xksnuk u xqnok;k x;k gks gSAa 'kknh iDdh gksus ij mls lh/kk dj fn;k tkrk gS vkSj ogh jkf= rks ujd esa tkuk iM+rk gSA yM+fd;ksa ds 'kjhj ij fookg ls igys dk Hkkstu curk gSA xksnuk vafdr gksuk vko';d gS&^^la;ksxo'k fdlh yM+dh dk 'kjhj fookg ds volj ds vU; jhfr&fjokt dk o.kZu bl izdkj gS & xqnk;k ugha x;k rks fookg ds le; mlds firk dks xqnkus dh dher ¼v½ ^^lkoax dh xkM+h tSls gh }kj ij yxh cPpksa dh Vksyh&dh&Vksyh nsuh iM+rh gSA mudk fo'okl gS fd ;fn fcuk xqnk, dksbZ L=h ej vk tqVh xqM+ [kkusA ?kjksa ls vkSjrsa bdV~Bk gksus yxhaA vkneh yksx xbZ rks ejus ds ckn ;ejkt mls ltk nsx a As 'kjhj dks xksnus dk dke Hkh viuk&viuk dke NksMd + j vkus yxsA lcds psgjs ij izlUurk] yM+dh dh ek¡ ;k ?kj dk dksbZ eqf[k;k djrk gSA**23 vkfnoklh thou mRlkg FkkA vkSjrksa us c/kkbZ xkuk 'kq: dj fn;kA <ksyd ctus vkSj ifjos'k dk ;FkkFkZ vadu djrs gq, dgkuhdkj esg#fUulk ijost+ yxhA ns[krs&gh&ns[krs nwj&nwj rd equknh gks xbZ fd uheM+k ds ?kj us xksnus dh bl ijaijk dks viuh dgkfu;ksa esa mfpr LFkku fn;k ^lkoax* dk 'kxqu vk;k gSA uheM+k us xk¡o ds yksxksa ds lkFk feydj gS& lkoax ds lkFk vk, yksxksa dk Lokxr fd;k rFkk HksVa fd;k] xys ¼v½ ^^xk¡o dk iqtkjh dgrk gS] ejus ds ckn Hkxoku ds ?kj ;gh yxdj] iSj Nwdj mudk eku fd;kA vkSjrksa us c/kkbZ xhr xkuk 'kq: ys[kk lkFk tkrk gS] ftlds xksnuk ugha og ujd Hkksxrk gS] ;gh nsg fd;k vkSj ns[krs&gh&ns[krs okrkj.k 'kxquokyk gks mBkA**19 dk fpg~u rks lkFk tk, gSA fcuk xksnus okyh nsg dks dksbZ ugha ¼vk½ ^^lkoax dh cSyxkM+h ls vukt dh Vksdfj;k¡ mrkjh xbZAa lkoax iwNrkA lqjtuh us rks tk¡?k ij tcls xksnuk mrjok;k gS] tkus ds lkFk vk;k vukt vkSjrksa us ekFks ls Nqvkdj x<+h ds nsork dks dgk¡&dgk¡ ls C;kg dk U;kSrk vk;k gS] nks lkS #i;k uxn nsus dks p<+k;kA lcdks fryd yxk;k x;kA lkoax dh cSyxkM+h ds lkFk rS;kj gks x, gSAa dkdh ds rks iwjs nsg ij xksnuk gS ftlds ftruk vk, cSyksa dks Hkh fryd yxk;k x;kA lkoax ds 'kxqu esa vk;k xksnuk gksxk og mruk gh lq[k Hkksxrk gSA dkdh us rks iwjs pkj lkeku] xgus mBk&mBkdj vkSjrsa fuj[k jgh FkhA gksjk vkSj Fkksjk dks vkneh dk lq[k Hkksxk gSA**24 gYnh yxkbZ xbZA lkjk okrkoj.k eaxye; gks mBkA**20 ¼vk½ ^^xksnuh cqvk us igys ehBk rsy yxk;k fQj dkty pqiM+k] fQj vkfnoklh leqnk; esa fookg r; gks tkus ij oj i{k ds yksx dU;k vkd ds dk¡Vs ls xksnus yxhA Fkksjk us duiVh ij fpjS;k vkSj dykbZ ds ?kj 'kxqu ds :i esa vukt] feBkbZ] Qy] vkHkw"k.k o oL= yM+dh ij eksj cuok, Fks vkSj gksjk us BksMh+ ij ljlksa Qwy cuok,A**25 ds fy, ykrs gS]a ogh ^lkoax* dgykrk gSA tutkrh; ijaijkuqlkj ¼b½ ^^xksnuk rks xguk ls c<+dj gS] ejus ij lax tkrk gS] ftl Nksjh fL=;k¡ ^lkoax* ¼'kqHk 'kdqu fo"k; vkpkj½ dh lkexzh dks vius ds ftruk xksnuk gksxk mruk mls lklqjs eku&lEeku feys gSA ns[k] LFkkuh; nsorkvksa dks p<+kdj] cSyxkM+h ds lkFk vk, cSyksa dh iwtk vc dSlh lt jgh gSA** xksnuh cqvk cksyhA26 o fryd djds gYnh yxkus dh jLe laiUu djrh gSAa lkoax o ¼bZ½ ^^eSa rks dkyh L;kgh ls xksnk cukrh gw¡A ?kh ds nhid dh dkfy[k gYnh dh jLe dh Hkk¡fr gh ckjkr o fonkbZ dk o.kZu bl izdkj gS& vkSj gjs csy dh ifÙk;ksa dk jl rFkk csy dh xksna dks feykdj L;kgh ¼v½ ^^,d vkneh ckjkr ds vkxs ihry ds dy”k esa ikuh ysdj py cukrh gw¡A lw[ks vkd ds dk¡Vs ls xksnrh gw¡A**27 xksnuh cqvk us jgk FkkA dy”k ds Åij Fkkyh esa nh;k j[kk FkkA xk¡o okyksa us dy”k crk;kA dh Fkkyh esa 'kxqu ds #i, j[ksA ekny ct jgk FkkA nksuksa vksj ds ¼m½ ^^Nksjh xksnuk xqnokus ls jksx] Hkwr] cqjh vkRek ugha yxrhA gekjs lef/k;ksa us xys yxdj ,d&nwljs ls HksVa dh vkSj c/kkbZ nhA**21 le; esa rks tc rd xksnuk ugha xqnrk Fkk rc rd jlksbZ ugha ¼vk½ ^^lkjh jkr u`R;] g¡lh&BV~Bk pyrk jgkA Qsjs gq,A xk¡o ds Nqvkrs FksA yM+dh dks ifo= ugha ekurs FksA C;kg ugha gksrk FkkA**28 yksxksa us cjlksa ckn Qsjs ns[ksA Qsjos kyk C;kg eg¡xk iM+rk gS] blfy, ;s lHkh m)j.k vkfnoklh :ilTtk ds vfHkUu vkSj vU;re vax ds vc dksbZ ugha djrkA yM+dk okyk vius ?kj ys tkdj Qsjs dj ysrk :i esa xksnus ds egRo fu:i.k ls lacfa /kr gSAa ^Vksuk* dgkuh esa gSA fHkulkjs uheM+k us xksn esa mBkdj nksuksa csfV;ksa dks cSyxkM+h ij iqtkjh bl ckr dh iqf"V djrk gS fd e`R;q ds ckn 'kjhj esa xksnk cSBk fn;kA cSyxkM+h esa nksuksa nwYgs Hkh cSB x,A ckdh yksx iSny fonk gqvk xksnuk gh euq"; ds lkFk bZ'oj ds njckj esa tkrk gSA tks gq,A**22 xksnuk ugha xqnokrk mls dksbZ egRo ugha nsrkA vkfnokfl;ksa dh ;g mYys[kuh; gS fd tutkrh; fookg esa ftruk egRo nwYgk o nqYgu Hkh ekU;rk gS fd ftl L=h ds 'kjhj ij ftruk xksnuk gksrk gS] mls ifjys[k 'kks/k lanHkZ ¼bZif=dk½

vad&1 % tuojh] 2017

ISSN Applied

izos'kkad

42 nsg lq[k mlh vuqikr esa feyrk gSA de xksnuk de iq#"k lq[k] dk mYys[k bl izdkj fd;k gS&^^yPNks taxy ls ykbZ ydfM+;ksa dks vfèkd xksnuk vf/kd iq#"k lq[kA ;gh dkj.k gS fd vkfnoklh xksnus pwYgs esa tksMd + j lcds fy, ist cuk jgh FkhA ikl gh esxu pVuh ds cgqr 'kkSdhu gksrs gSAa NksVs ls fcanq ls ysdj Qwy&iÙks rFkk rS;kj dj jgh FkhA**34 vkfnoklh taxyksa esa jgrs gSa rFkk isM& + ikSèkksa ds i'kq&if{k;ksa ds fp= xqnokrs gSAa ^lwdh c;M+h* esa gksjk vkSj Fkksjk :i esa iz—fr }kjk fn, x, [kk| migkjksa ls viuk isV Hkjrs gSAa xksM a + xksnuh cqvk ls duiVh ij fpjS;k vkSj dykbZ ij eksj dk fp= tutkfr ds yksx fu;fer Hkkstu ds :i esa ist [kkrs gSAa pkoy dks xqnokrh gSa vkSj BksMh+ ij ,d NksVk lk Qwy cuokrh gSAa xksnuh cqvk [kwc lkjs ikuh esa mckydj Åij ds pkoy fefJr xk<+s ikuh esa xksnus dk egRo crkrs gq, dgrh gS fd xksnuk gj xgus ls c<+dj ued Mkydj fi;k tkrk gSA bl is; dks ist dgrs gSAa ;g rjy gksrk gSA ftl L=h ds 'kjhj esa ftruk vf/kd xksnuk gksrk gS] ifjokj inkFkZ xksM a k+ as dk ize[q k o LokLF;dj Hkkstu gSA ,d vU; tutkfr o llqjky esa mls mruk gh vf/kd eku&lEeku o isez feyrk gSA lgfj;k ds Hkkstu dk o.kZu bl izdkj gS&^^uheM+k ?kj ls eDds dh os mUgas xksnuk cukus dh izfØ;k Hkh crkrh gSAa blds fy, ?kh ds jksVh] vkyw dk lkx vkSj xqM+ ds xqyxqys cukdj nks fnu ckn vius nhid dh dkfy[k o csy ds gjs iÙkksa dk jl feykdj L;kgh cukbZ xk¡o ls ck?k vk;kA**35 ^lwdh c;M+h* esa uheM+k lgfj;k tutkfr dk tkrh gSA lqbZ ds :i esa vkd ds dk¡Vs dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA gksus ds dkj.k egq, dh 'kjkc ds lkFk jksVh&lCth dk lsou djrk vkfnokfl;ksa dk ;g Hkh ekuuk gS fd xksnuk xksnk ysus ij Hkwr&isrz gSA vius ca/kd csVs ds fy, Hkh og eDds dh jksVh vkyw dh lCth dk Mj ugha jgrk gSA rFkk xqM+ ds xqyxqys ysdj tkrk gSA blls ;g Li"V gksrk gS fd [kku&iku % esg#fUulk ijost+ us bl rF; dks dbZ dgkfu;ksa esa lgfj;k tutkfr ds yksx [ksrh djrs gSAa ;s yksx Tokj] cktjk] mHkkjk gS fd vkfnoklh vius thou ;kiu ds fy, ouksa ij fuHkZj eDdk vkSj pus dk mi;ksx fu;fer Hkkstu ds :i esa djrs gSAa bl jgrs gaAS budh fofo/k ouoklh tutkfr;ksa ds [kku&iku dk <ax vFkZ esa nwljh mu tutkfr;ksa ls fHkUu gSa ftudh vkthfodk iw.kZr% fHkUu gS] 'kjkc budk fiz; is; inkFkZ gSA mRlokfn esa L=h&iq#"k lHkh taxyh ouLifr vkSj f'kdkj ij vkèkkfjr gksrh gSA tknw&Vksuk] Hkwr&isrz % igys Hkh izlx lkewfgd :i ls 'kjkc dk lsou djrs gSAa ;Fkk& a o'k vkfnoklh tutkrh; ¼v½ ^^tksuh mBh vkSj 'kjkc dk eVdk mBk ykbZA nqyl s k us gjsd ds leqnk;ksa ds yksd fo'oklksa vkSj va/kfo'oklksa dk mYys[k fd;k tk lkeus ,d&,d nksuk j[k fn;kA tksuh us lcdh nksuh esa 'kjkc pqdk gSA f'k{kk ds izlkj ds vHkko ds dkj.k bu leqnk;ksa esa MkyhA ckgj cSBs enksaZ dks Hkh tksuh us nksuh esa 'kjkc ijksldj nh rFkk tknw&Vksuk] ra=&ea= vkSj Hkwr&isrz fo"k;d fo'okl vkSj lk/kuk,¡ lcdks dtksgkj fd;kA**29 vkt Hkh izpfyr gSAa foosP; dgkuhdkj esg#fUulk ijost+ vkfnoklh ¼vk½ ^^ckgj vkslkjs esa tc lkjs yksx pys x, rks dkdh nksus esa ifjos'k ij dsfa nzr viuh dgkfu;ksa esa dqN LFkyksa ij muds bu myhp& myhpdj lyQh ihrh jghA tc dkdh vf/kd [kq'k gksrh fo'oklksa vkSj mipkjksa dk Hkh mYys[k fd;k gSA dgk tk ldrk gS ;k nq%[kh gksrh rc og vdsyh cSBdj 'kjkc ihrh FkhA**30 fd vkfnokfl;ksa ds fiNM+is u dk ,d dkj.k bl izdkj ds vaèkfo'okl ;gk¡ ^v* esa NBh ds mRlo rFkk ^vk* esa dkdh ds ,dkdhiu ds lanHkZ Hkh gSAa ;Fkk&^^ml fnu dkdh crk jgh Fkh] egqvk dh cgw dh tpdh esa efnjkiku dk mYys[k gSA gqbZ rks tpdh dk [kwu vaxBw s ls ys tkdj mldh lkSry s h lkl us 36 lyQh ¼'kjkc½ ds lkFk ikujksVh dk lsou fd;k tkrk gS&^^nks ?kM+k Vksuk dj fn;k] rhu fnu esa gh VwVh ej xbZA** vkfnoklh vR;ar Hkjdj lyQh ykbZ xbZ FkhA ,d rjQ tgk¡ vkx dk vyko Fkk ogha Hkksys LoHkko ds gksrs gSAa vKku vkSj vf'k{kk ds dkj.k tknw&Vksuk ij nks rhu yM+ds cSBdj iku cuk jgs FksA iku jksVh [kkl R;ksgkjksa rFkk Hkwr&isrz esa os cgqr fo'okl j[krs gSAa mDr mnkgj.k esa n'kkZ;k ij gh cukbZ tkrh gS] bls ljxh ds iÙks ij vkVk QSykdj vkx esa x;k gS fd ;fn tpdh dk [kwu ysdj fdlh ds Åij Vksuk Qsd a Hkwudj cukrs gSAa **31 ;gk¡ ysf[kdk us ?kksVy q esa cuus okys Hkkstu o fn;k tk, rks nks ;k rhu fnu ds ckn gh ml O;fDr dh e`R;q gks 'kjkc dk o.kZu djrs gq, ;g mYys[k fd;k gS fd ?kksVy q esa tc dksbZ tkrh gSA fo'ks"k R;ksgkj gksrk gS ;k fdlh vfrfFk dks cqykus dk vk;kstu fd;k blh rjg vkfnokfl;ksa dk ;g Hkh ekuuk gS fd ftu fL=;ksa ds flj tkrk gS] rc R;ksgkj dh [kq'kh o vfrfFk ds lRdkj ds fy, fof'k"V esa cky ugha gksr& s os cgqr ^iaxuhu* vFkkZr~ Vksuk djus okyh gksrh gSAa :i esa 'kjkc dks gh j[kk tkrk gSA bl mnkgj.k esa n`"VO; gS fd ;Fkk&^^cM+h ds flj esa cky ugha gS] mldk jkt tc [kqyk rks og jkf= esa ?kksVy q esa vyko tyk nh tkrh gS] yM+d& s yM+fd;k¡ ,d lkFk dk¡i lh xbZ] cM+h iaxuhu ¼VksUgh½ FkhA og jkr dks ?kj ls pyh tkrh cSBdj [kq'kh eukrs gS]a 'kjkc ihrs gSAa bl volj ij ikujksVh cukbZ vkSj ikS QVus ds igys vkneh dk [kwu ihdj ykSVrh FkhA dkdh tkrh gSA ikujksVh dks vkx esa Hkwudj cukrs gSa vkSj 'kjkc ds lkFk dgrh Fkh] iaxuhu Nr ij ls Mksjh Mkydj lks, vkneh dh ukfHk ls [kkrs gSAa [khapdj [kwu ihrh gSA tc vkneh dk [kwu ugha feyrk rc tkuojksa vU;= ysf[kdk us Hkkjrh; tutkfr ds [kku&iku dk Hkh fooj.k dk [kwu ihrh gSA iVsy crk jgk Fkk fd iwjs xk¡o esa rhu&pkj iaxuhu fn;k gS&^^bu eqfxZ;ksa ds ekjs Qwy&ifÙk;k¡ dqN Hkh lkx ugha cprkA gSAa ;g yksx viuk dke fuiVkdj [kqys eSnku esa eLr gksdj [ksyrh vkt gh lksp jgh Fkh equxs dh Hkkth vkSj Qwy idkÅ¡xh rks og ;g gSAa buds eq¡g ls ykj Vidrh jgrh gSA lqudj jksx a Vs [kM+s gks 37 jk¡M [kk, tk jgh gSA fN% fN%] jkew Hkh [ksr pyk x;k] isM+ ij fdls x,A** ^Vksuk* dgkuh ds bl mnkgj.k esa ysf[kdk us tknw&Vksuk dk p<+kÅ¡\**32 Hkkfj;k tutkfr ds yksx lCth&Hkkth mi;ksx djrs gSAa cgqr gh vn~Hkqr n`“; izLrqr fd;k gSA Vksuk djus okyh L=h jkr dks ykSdh] dn~n]w lse] puk] cjcVh] fVaMk vkfn lfCt;k¡ mxkrs gSAa ?kj ls fudyrh gS vkSj ekuo jDr ihdj okil vkrh gSA ;g izokn cjlkr ds fnuksa esa vke ds cht dh jksVh vkSj egqvk [kkrs gaAS **33 izpkfjr gS fd ,slh vkSjrsa jkr esa lks, gq, O;fDr dh ukfHk esa Mksj ^dkuhckV* dgkuh esa nqyl s k dh ek¡ us equxs dh lCth cukus dh Mkydj [kwu pwl ysrh gSAa ekuo jDr u feys rks os i'kq jDr dk rS;kjh dh FkhA equxk ,d ,slk ikS/kk gS ftldh gjh ifÙk;ksa dh lCth iku djrh gaAS jDriku ds vuarj os ukprh xkrh gSAa muds eq¡g ls cukbZ tkrh gSA blh izdkj vU;= ysf[kdk us xksM a tkfr ds [kku&iku ykj Vidrh jgrh gSA bl mUeÙk u`R;&xk;u dks ^[ksyuk* dgk ifjys[k 'kks/k lanHkZ ¼bZif=dk½

vad&1 % tuojh] 2017

ISSN Applied

izos'kkad 43 tkrk gSA bdV~Bk djrhaA iwuh dk pk¡n cPpksa ds bl R;ksgkj ds fy, viuh Hkwr&isrz dks jksdus ds fy, rjg&rjg ds mik; fd, tkrs gSAa lkjh jks'kuh /kjrh ij fcNkdj [kq'k gksrkA ;s uok&[kkuh dk R;ksgkj] tSl& s ^^dkdh dgrh fd gj vyk&cyk ckgj ds vkus&tkus okys ds Qly dVus ij cLrj ds xk¡o&xk¡o esa euk;k tkrk gSA yM+fd;k¡ iSjksa ds lkFk ?kj esa izo”s k dj tkrh gSA izrs kRek vkx ls Mjrh gS] xqfM+;k Vwdus esa ltkdj tyrk nh;k j[k fudyrh gSAa ogha yM+ds ngyht ij vkx ns[kdj fBBd tkrh gS vkSj ckgj jg tkrh gSA jax&fcjaxk Hks"k cukdj] ^Nsj&Nsj ukprs gSa vkSj pkoy vkSj iSlk dkdh ds vkns”kkuqlkj vc dkdk dks ges”kk twrs ckgj mrkj dj bdV~Bk djrs gSAa fQj bl bdV~Bk fd, pkoy vkSj iSls ls fidfud vkuk iM+rk FkkA**38 ;gh dkj.k gS fd ngyht ij vkx tykus rFkk eukbZ tkrh gSA**41 blh izdkj ^taxyh fgjuh* esa ^fn;kjh R;ksgkj* dk }kj ds ckgj gh twrs mrkjus dk fjokt izpyu esa vk;k gSA mYys[k gS&^^fn;kjh R;ksgkj ikl vk x;kA /kku dVus yxsA iwtk&ikB] nsoh&nsork % gj oxZ ds yksxksa dk viuk vyx&vyx ;qod&;qofr;ksa ij eLrh Nk xbZA lcus tksjksa ls rqidh cukuk pkyw /keZ o fo”okl gksrk gSA lcdh iwtk&ikB djus dh vyx&vyx dj fn;kA iSuh vkSj rh[kh] ftlls dldj pksV yxsA pkjksa rjQ i)fr gksrh gSA vkfnokfl;ksa dh Hkh viuh&viuh iwtk&i)fr gksrh [kq'kh dh ygj nkSM+ xbZ FkhA og /kwe epkbZ fd isM+ ds i{kh ?kcjkdj gSA ;Fkk& mM+ x,A ;qod] ;qofr;ksa ds vèkuaxs 'kjhj ij rqidh dk fu'kkuk ¼v½ ^^[kEgkj xk¡o esa ckyh iwtk gksus okyh FkhA ogk¡ ij tksj&”kksj ls yxkrsA ;qorh ^mnw*Z djrh vkSj vk¡[kksa esa 'kjkjr fy, [kqn Hkh ;qod eM+bZ Hkh Hkjus okyh FkhA bl ckj ik¡p&N% lky ckn [kEgkj xk¡o esa dks ekjus dk fu'kkuk yxkrh] ij rc rd lkeus ls fQj rqidh ckyh cSBh Fkh cgqr /kwe FkhA vklikl ds vkSj nwj rd ls nsoh&nsorkvksa QVkQV pyrh vkSj og gkj&lh tkrhaA**42 dk te?kV [kEgkj xk¡o esa yxuk 'kq: gks x;k FkkA Hkhek nso vkSj mi;qDZ r nksuksa mnkgj.kksa esa ysf[kdk us vkfnokfl;ksa ds nks ize[q k dksnuh ds C;kg ij ;g lekjksg gksrk gSA ;g iwtk djhc Ms<+ ekg R;ksgkjksa ds ckjs esa crk;k gSA rkjk R;ksgkj cLrj ds izR;sd xk¡o esa rd NksVs iSekus ij gksrh gSA**39 euk;k tkus okyk g"kksYZ ykl dk ioZ gSA ;g iwf.kZek ds fnu euk;k ¼vk½ ^^yksx nars'ojh nsoh dks viuh /kku dh ckysa vkSj cdjs dh cyh tkrk gSA cLrj ds yksx tc [ksrh ls QqlrZ ik tkrs gSa vukt dks p<+k jgs FksA ykank dh 'kjkc tksjksa ij py jgh FkhA ;qod&;qofr;k¡ ?kjksa esa lqO;ofLFkr j[k ysrs gSa rc u, vUu dh iSnkokj dh [kq'kh esa NsM+ NkM+ djrs ukp jgs FksA lcds psgjksa ij vPNh Qly dk ;g R;ksgkj eukrs gSAa bl fnu xk¡o dh NksVh&cM+h yM+fd;k¡ ck¡l mYykl Hkjk FkkA os [kq'kh ls >we jgs FksA**40 dh Vksdjh esa gkFk ls cuk, x, diM+s dh xqfM+;k dks ltkdj] mlh foosP; dgkuhdkj esg#fUulk ijost+ us ;g mYys[k fd;k gS fd Vksdus esa tyrk gqvk nhid j[kdj] lf[k;ksa dh Vksyh cukdj vkfnokfl;ksa dh eqfM+;k tutkfr esa Hkh Hkheknso dh iwtk cM+s gh ?kj&?kj tkrh gaS vkSj izR;sd ?kj ls mUgas #i, o vukt fn;k tkrk èkweèkke ls dh tkrh gSA blh iwtk dks ckyh iwtk dgrs gSAa [kEgkj gSA nwljh vksj yM+ds Hkh os'k cnydj xk¡o ls #i, o vukt xk¡o esa gksus okyh ;g iwtk izR;sd vkfnoklh ds eu esa J)k o bdV~Bk djrs gSAa ckn esa bdV~Bk fd, x, iSlksa o vukt ls taxy mYykl dh Hkkouk tkx`r djrh gSA Hkheknso vkSj dksnuh ds fookg esa fidfud eukbZ tkrh gSA ^rkjk* R;ksgkj dh rjg gh ^fn;kjh* Hkh ds volj ij ;g iwtk dh tkrh gSA bl iwtk dh NksVh&NksVh jLes]a Qly dk gh R;ksgkj gSA bls Hkh Qly dkVus ds le; euk;k tkrk yxHkx Ms<+ eghus rd pyrk gSA ftl fnu Hkheknso dh ckjkr gSA lky Hkj dh dM+h esgur ds ckn tc Qly ds :i esa iwt a h fookg ds fy, izLFkku djrh gS] mlds ckn gh vkfnoklh /kku dh feyrh gS rks eu dh izlUurk dks vfHkO;Dr djus ds fy, vkfnoklh cksokbZ djrs gSAa [kq'kh eukrs gSa vkSj ;gh [kq'kh ioZ esa ifjf.kr gks tkrh gSA R;ksgkj ds blh izdkj cLrj ds yksx nar”s ojh nsoh dh iwtk Hkh cM+s gh g"kZ o le; ;qod&;qofr;ksa ij ekSle dk u'kk Nk tkrk gSA lc rqidh ln~Hkkouk ls djrs gSAa nar”s ojh nsoh dh iwtk ds le; os nsoh dks cukuk 'kq: dj nsrs gaAS rqidh ydM+h }kjk cuk;k x;k rhj gksrk gSA [kq”k djus ds fy, /kku dh ubZ Qly dh ckfy;k¡ o cdjs dh cfy ;qod&;qofr;k¡ ,d&nwljs ij rqidh ls okj djrs gSAa mudh NsM+ p<+krs gSAa <ksy&uxkM+kas dh vkokt ls iwjk taxy x¡t w mBrk gSA NkM+ o 'kjkjr ls R;ksgkj vkSj Hkh jaxhu cuk nsrk gSA fn;kjh dh vkfnokfl;ksa ds ?kksj u`R; ls /kjrh Hkh dk¡i lh tkrh gSA ;qod&;qofr;k¡ [kqekjh lc ij NkbZ fn[kkbZ nsrh gSA pkjksa vksj 'kksjxqy] [kq'kh o meax ,d&nwljs dks NsMr+ s gq, vkuan ysrs gSAa 'kjkc dh xa/k gok ds lkFk dk ekgkSy cu tkrk gSA feydj okrkoj.k esa QSy tkrh gSA vPNh Qly dh iSnkokj dh esyk % iwtk ikB vkSj ioZ R;ksgkjksa ds lkFk gh yksdksRlo vkSj esyksa dk [kq'kh ioZ esa cny tkrh gS vkSj iwjk taxy eaxye; gks mBrk gSA Hkh vkfnoklh laL—fr eas egRoiw.kZ LFkku gSA esys lkoZtfud euksjt a u vfHkizk; ;g gS fd pkgs Hkheknso vkSj dksnuh ds fookg dk mRlo gks [kjhnkjh vkSj esy&feyki dk volj iznku djrs gaAS buesa nwj&nwj vFkok nar's ojh dh iwtk gks& nksuksa dk gh lac/a k fdlh u fdlh izdkj ls O;kikjh ,oa n'kZd vkrs gSa rFkk oLrqvksa dk Ø;&foØ; djrs gaAS ubZ Qly ls gSA cksokbZ ls ysdj dVkbZ rd nsork vkSj nsoh dh gekjs ns'k esa vf/kdrj esys fdlh nsoh&nsork dh Le`fr vFkok iwtk izlUurk ds fy, gh ;s iwtk ikB vkfn ds vk;kstu fd, tkrs gSAa dh n`f"V ls euk, tkrs gSAa izR;sd esys ds ihNs dksb& Z u&dksbZ ioZ vkSj R;ksgkj % Hkkjr R;ksgkjksa dk ns'k gSA ;gk¡ fofo/k izdkj ds vkarfjd dkj.k fNik jgrk gSA R;ksgkj euk, tkrs gSAa vkfnokfl;ksa ds Hkh dqN ize[q k R;ksgkj gSAa gj esg#fUulk ijost+ dh dgkfu;ksa esa Hkh vkfnokfl;ksa ds fofo/k esyksa dk R;ksgkj ds ihNs dksbZ u dksbZ dFkk ;k jgL; vo'; gksrk gS ftls fp=.k fd;k x;k gSA ^lwdh c;M+h* dgkuh dk fuEu mnkgj.k bl Lej.k j[kus ds fy, R;ksgkj euk, tkrs gSAa vkfnokfl;ksa dk ^nsgjh lanHkZ esa n`"VO; gS&^^HkxkSfj;k gkV yxh FkhA cw<& s+ toku vkSj cPps&lcds dh [kkfrj* ,slk gh ,d R;ksgkj gS& rkjk R;ksgkjA mldh ppkZ bl pgjs ij izlUurk FkhA yksx lqcg ls HkxkSfj;k gkV tkus ds fy, lt izdkj vkbZ gS ^^dkdh] vkt iquh gS u] rkjk R;ksgkj gSA uUgha cfPp;ksa jgs FksA ?kj&?kj ls <ksy fudy x, FksA <ksy dks Fkksd&ctkdj dk ;g I;kjk rkjk xhr tks vkt Hkh mlds jkse&jkse esa clk gSA lkjh nq#Lr dj jgs FksA rhj] deku] ryokj&rjd'k] ck¡ljq h vkSj eksjY;k jkr og yksx Vksyh esa njokts njokts tkrha vkSj pkoy] iSlk fudkydj lc /kkj.k dj jgs FksA xk¡o ds okrkoj.k dks ns[k yx jgk ifjys[k 'kks/k lanHkZ ¼bZif=dk½

vad&1 % tuojh] 2017

ISSN Applied

izos'kkad 44 Fkk tSls ;q) eas tkus ds fy, lsuk lt jgh gksA ;qodksa dh ukpus dk ughaA bl lac/a k esa fooj.k ^lwdh c;M+h* esa fn;k x;k gSA okyh Vksfy;k¡ vyx&vyx viuh rS;kjh esa yxh FkhaA lkjs xk¡o rFkk ;Fkk&^^gekjs le; esa Nksjh] Nksjs ds lax Hkkx tk, rks Nksjh dk ckiw bykds esa ,d mRlo dk okrkoj.k FkkA HkxkSfj;k dh izlUurk gj Nksjs ds ?kj rhj vkSj pksyh iBkrk gSA ;g ,d lan's k gSA Nksjs ds ckiw eq[k ij fojkteku FkhA ukpus okys ;qodksa us viuh jaxhu ixfM+;ksa us pksyh j[kdj rhj okil dj fn, rks tk.kksa C;ko iDdks vkSj rhj esa NksVh&NksVh tkequ dh Vgfu;k¡ eqdVq dh rjg ltk j[kh FkhaA iSjksa j[kdj pksyh fQjk nsos rks le>ks] yM+kbZ epsxhA yM+dh okil ykuh esa ?kq¡?k: c¡/ks FksA ;qofr;k¡] ;qodksa dk lkSna ;Z fNi&fNidj fuj[k jgh iM+x s hA nksuksa esa Hkkjh ;q) fNM+ tkosxksA**46 Li"V gS fd yM+dh ds 43 FkhaA** firk }kjk isfz "kr pksyh tgk¡ fookg ds fy, nksuksa i{kksa dh lgefr dk HkxkSfj;k ioZ gksyh ds ckn euk;k tkrk gSA esys ds izfr yksxksa dh izrhd gS] ogha mls ykSVk dj rhj j[k ysuk vlgefr vkSj la?k"kZ dk mRlqdrk lIrkg Hkj igys ls gh c<+ tkrh gSA HkxkSfj;k gkV yxus izrhd gSA bl esys dks ysf[kdk us iz.k; ioZ dh laKk nsrs gq, bldk ij cPps] ;qod lHkh esa fo'ks"k izlUurk NkbZ jgrh gSA bl R;ksgkj esa fooj.k bu 'kCnksa esa izLrqr fd;k gS&^^lkjs gkV esa uhyh&ihyh] vkfnoklh ukp&xkuk Hkh [kwc djrs gaS vkSj blds fy, ok| lkexzh yky&lQsn] dslfj;k ixfM+;ksa dh NVk ns[krs cu jgh FkhA lkjs ny tSl& s <ksyd] ck¡ljq h vkfn dks igys ls gh ns[k&ij[k ysrs gSAa ,d&nwljs dks xqyky yxkdj HksVa dj jgs FksA ,d&nwljs dks Vhdk rhj&rjd'k dh Hkh vktekb'k gksrh gSA vkfnokfl;ksa dh jaxksa ds izfr yxk jgs FksA jax&fcjaxs ifj/kku ls fdlh jaxhu fp= dk n`”; vuqjfDr vR;ar rhoz gksrh gSA bu jaxksa dks iz—fr ls gh izkIr fd;k mifLFkr gks jgk FkkA ck¡ljq h ds Loj esa fuosnu] isez vkSj mRlkg Hkjk tkrk gSA rhj&rjd'k vkSj ixM+h esys ds fy, bl rjg ltk;k FkkA iz.k; ioZ dk izkjaHk <ksy vkSj ekny dh Fkki ls 'kq: gqvk FkkA tkrk gS ekuks esyk ugha dksbZ ;q) gksA u`R; esa Hkkx ysus okys ;qod lts&l¡ojs ;qod c¡lh vkSj <ksy dh Fkki ij eLr gksdj ukp jgs FksA vyx Vksfy;k¡ cukdj rS;kjh djrs gSa tks ;qofr;ksa ds fy, Hkh egqvk dh enekrh xa/k okrkoj.k dks eneLr cuk jgh FkhA vkdk”k ftKklk dk fo"k; gksrk gSA ij iwue dk uok¡ pk¡n eqldjk jgk FkkA BaMh vkSj 'khry c;kj HkxkSfj;k gkV esa u`R; esa Hkkx ysus okyh Vksyh dks xsgj dgk tkrk gSA vkdj xqnx ~ nq k jgh FkhA**47 esyk eu dks lq[k iznku djus ds fy, muds meax&mRlkg rFkk vkdqyrk dk o.kZu ysf[kdk us dqN bl vkrk gSA jkst dh fnup;kZ ls Åcdj euq"; tc ,d lkFk ,d izdkj fd;k gS& ^^lkjs okrkoj.k esa <ksy dh Fkki vkSj ck¡ljq h ds eèkqj txg ,df=r gksdj vkuan eukrs gSa rks] iz—fr Hkh bl g"kksYZ ykl esa Loj us tknw&lk dj fn;k FkkA gj O;fDr eqX/k FkkA ukpus okys 'kkfey gks tkrh gSA ixM+h iq#"kksa ds lEeku dk izrhd gS] blhfy, ;qodksa dh xsgj Vksfy;k¡ vkeus&lkeus iM+ tkrh rks ftldk <ksy nsj lc esys ds volj ij jaxhu ixM+h /kkj.k djrs gSAa muds fofo/k jax rd ctrk mls tkus ds fy, igys ekxZ feyrk FkkA xsgj Vksfy;ksa ds vkfnokfl;ksa dh lgt jax&#fp dks n'kkZrs gSAa izR;sd O;fDr ,d ihNs rek'kchu yksxksa dk etek yxk FkkA xsgj Vksfy;ksa ds ;qodksa us nwljs dks jax yxkdj] xys feydj viuh izlUurk vfHkO;Dr djrk rjg&rjg ds Lok¡x jps FksA dksbZ L=h dk os”k /kjs Fkk] dksbZ tkuoj gSA ck¡ljq h vkSj ekny ds Loj fourh] isez vkSj g"kZ dh lefUor dk :i /kjs FkkA dksbZ cq<y + k cuk FkkA cq<y + k ds gkFk esa ewly Fkk tks vfHkO;atuk djrs izrhr gksrs gSAa bl lgt xhr&laxhr] xk;u rFkk rjg&rjg dh dykckft;k¡ fn[kkdj yksxksa dks g¡lk jgk FkkA**44 u`R; esa Hkksy& s Hkkys vkfnoklh viuh fu'Ny fu’diV Hkkoukvksa dks xsgj Vksfy;k¡ yksxksa dk euksjt a u djrh gSAa HkxkSfj;k gkV esa izo's k ds izk—frd vfHkO;fDr;k¡ iznku djrs gSAa vkfnoklh esyksa dk lai.w kZ fy, vkeus&lkeus nks xsgj Vksfy;k¡ fHkM+ tkrh gSa rks fotsrk dk okrkoj.k cM+k gh ljy o vkd"kZd gksrk gSA cLrj ds ukjk;.kiqj ds QSlyk <ksyd dh Å¡ph Fkki vkSj nh?kZ vof/k ds vk/kkj ij fd;k esys dk o.kZu ^dkuhckV* esa fd;k x;k gS & tkrk gSA blesa Hkkx ysus okys ;qod fofoèk :i /kkj.k djrs gSAa ¼v½ ^ûkjk;.kiqj dh eM+bAZ ek¡ jh D;k /kwe&/kke Fkh ml cjl! pha iks tSl& s dksbZ L=h curk gS rks dksbZ i'kq dk os'k /kkj.k djrk gS rFkk ds ekjs vkokt lqukbZ ugha iM+ jgh FkhA iwjs rhu cjl ds ckn ml dksbZ cw<y + k cudj rjg&rjg dh dykckft;k¡ djds lcdk eu lky cf<+;k Qly gqb]Z blhfy, xk¡o ds xk¡o meM+ iM+s Fks ukjk;.kiqj cgykrk gS vkSj [kwc g¡lkrk gSA eM+bZ ds fy,A ft/kj Hkh n`f"V tkrh] vkneh&gh&vknehA enZ] vkSjrsa HkxkSfj;k gkV dh ize[q k fo'ks"krk gS fd blesa dq¡okjh dU;k,¡ Lo;a vkSj cPpsA rjg&rjg dh jaxhu lkfM+;k¡A**48 viuk oj pqudj yM+ds ds lkFk Hkkx tkrh gSAa ;qod ;qofr;ksa ds ¼vk½ ^êM+bZ tgk¡ xk¡o&xk¡o ls yksx [kjhnnkjh djus vkrs gSa ogha Åij xqyky Qsd a rs gSAa ;fn ;qorh Hkh xqyky yxk ns rks bldk vFkZ feyuLFky Hkh gSA cjlksa ls rjlh vk¡[ksa HkhM+ ds jsys dks phjrh ;g le>k tkrk gS fd mlus ml ;qod dks vius thou lkFkh ds bèkj&m/kj cgddj fcNM+s izes h dks [kkst jgh FkhaA izhr dh pksV :i esa pqu fy;k gSA ;Fkk&^^Fkksjk] gksjk vkSj Qwyk viuh lf[k;ksa ds [kkbZ vk¡[ksa QVQVk&QVQVk dj vius lkfFk;ksa ls cgddj ihNs lkFk <ksy dh Fkki ij ukprs&yqHkkrs ;qodksa dks ns[kdj izlUu gks HkVd jgh FkhaA cjlksa ls fcNqMs+ vius ek;ds ds vkneh ls feyrh jgh FkhaA ck¡ljq h ds ehBs cksy iwjs gkV esa xw¡t jgs FksA u`R; ds ckn vkSjrsa [kM+h jks jgh FkhaA cki ds da/kksa ij p<+dj vk, cPps dkxt dk eqVB~ h esa xqyky fy, ;qod viuh euilan yM+fd;ksa dh rjQ c<+s pkj vkusokyk udyh p'ek yxk, cM+h cslcjh ls ns[k jgs FksA**49 rks yM+fd;ksa us lgedj vius eq¡g ?kw¡?kV esa fNik fy,A dbZ yM+fd;ksa bl fooj.k ls Kkr gksrk gS fd ukjk;.kiqj ds esys esa nwj LFkkuksa ds us ;qodksa dk lkFk fn;kA mudk xqyky Lohdkj dj [kqn Hkh xqyky O;kikjh rjg&rjg ds lkeku ysdj vkrs gSAa n'kZdksa dk 'kksjxqy yxkus yxhaA g"kZ /ofu ls pkjksa vksj izlUurk Nk xbZA xqyky dk <ksyd dh Fkki] ck¡ljq h dh y;&bu lc dh /ofu esys dh lqna jrk vknku&iznku djus okys ;qod rFkk ;qofr;k¡ vius tksMs+ cukdj dks vkSj c<+krh gSA bl g"kksYZ ykl dk vk/kkj gS& o"kZ Hkjds dBksj gkV ls Hkkx x,A ;qod rFkk ;qofr;k¡ 'kDdj dh fo'ks"k izdkj dh ifjJe ds i'pkr izkIr vPNh Qly dh iSnkokjA [kjhnnkjh ds cuh feBkbZ êkte* [kkdj vkuan euk jgs FksA ns[krs&gh&ns[krs tkus lkFk gh esys esy&feyki dk Hkh volj iznku djrs gSAa esys esa cgq,¡ fdrus tksMs+ HkxkSfj;k gkV ls Hkkx x,A**45 ek;ds okyksa ls feydj vlhe lq[k dk vuqHko djrh gSAa izfs e;ksa ds HkxkSfj;k gkV ls Hkkxus okys dqN tksMk+ as dk fookg gksrk gS rks dqN fy, rks esyk loZfiz; ladrs LFky gksrk gh gSA HkhM+ dk ykHk mBkdj ifjys[k 'kks/k lanHkZ ¼bZif=dk½

vad&1 % tuojh] 2017

ISSN Applied

izos'kkad 45 ijost+] dkuhckV] esjh cLrj dh dgkfu;k¡] i`- 15 cgqr ls ;qok vius fy, tksMh+ nkj dks Hkh [kkstrs gSAa NksV& s NksVs cPps 6-7- esesgg#fUulk #fUulk ijost+] xyr iq#"k] taxyh fgj.kh] i`- 93&94 8- esg#fUulk ijost+] xyr iq#"k] taxyh fgj.kh] i`- 93&94 firk ds da/kksa ij cSBdj udyh p'ek yxk, iwjh nqfu;k dh 9- esg#fUulk ijost+] xyr iq#"k] taxyh fgj.kh] i`- 97 ijost+] txkj] yky xqykc] i`- 112 [kwclwjrh viuh vk¡[kksa esa Hkj ysrs gSAa bl izdkj ds ;Fkk rFkk 10-11- ¼laesg-#fUulk ½ lq/khj oekZ] vkfnokfl;ksa dk Loj] i`- 11 12es g #fUulk ijos esjh cLrj dh dgkfu;k¡] i`- 16 fooj.kksa ds dkj.k foosP; dgkfu;ksa esa ;FkkFkZ fp=.k dks izkekf.kdrk 13- esg#fUulk ijostt++]] dkuhckV] dkuhckV] esjh cLrj dh dgkfu;k¡] i`- 18 14- esg#fUulk ijost+] dkuhckV] esjh cLrj dh dgkfu;k¡] i`- 19 izkIr gqbZ gSA 15- esg#fUulk ijost+] dkuhckV] esjh cLrj dh dgkfu;k¡] i`[ksydwn % nSfud thou dh xfrfof/k;ksa ls Åcdj euksjt a u ds fy, 16- jktsanz voluh] n’kZuh; e/;izns'k] i`- 243 ijost+] dkuhckV] esjh cLrj dh dgkfu;k¡] i`- 12 vkfnoklh [ksydwn ls Hkh viuk eu cgykrs gS]a ij esg#fUulk 17-18- esesgg#fUulk #fUulk ijost+] dkuhckV] esjh cLrj dh dgkfu;k¡] i`- 24 ijost+] lwdh c;M+h] lej] i`- 134 ijost+ dh dgkfu;ksa esa bldk mYys[k cgqr de izkIr gqvk gSA dsoy 19-20- esesgg#fUulk #fUulk ijost+] lwdh c;M+h] lej] i`- 134 ijost+] lwdh c;M+h] lej] i`- 135 ^dkuhckV* esa eq¡njh [ksy dh ppkZ feyrh gS&^^T;ks& a T;ksa jkr esa 21-22- esesgg#fUulk #fUulk ijost+] lwdh c;M+h] lej] i`- 135 23- f'korks'k nkl] Hkkjr dh tutkfr;k¡] i`- 121 xk<+kiu vkrk x;k R;ks& a R;ksa ;kSou vkSj :i ds fj'rs vkSj djhc gks 24- esg#fUulk ijost+] Vksuk] esjh cLrj dh dgkfu;k¡] i`- 27 ijost+] lwdh c;M+h] lej] i`- 130 x,A jkr Hkj ukp vkSj eq¡njh [ksy pyrk jgkA eq¡njh [ksy tks vDlj 25-26- esesgg#fUulk #fUulk ijost+] lwdh c;M+h] lej] i`- 131 27es g #fUulk ijos h] lej] i`pk¡nuh jkrksa esa [ksyk tkrk gSA og vkt [ksyk x;kA lc ?kqVuksa ij 28- esg#fUulk ijostt++]] lwlwddhh c;M+ c;M+h] lej] i`gkFk j[kdj cSB tkrs gSAa dksbZ ,d v¡xBw h fNik ysrk gS vkSj yM+dh 29- esg#fUulk ijost+] dkuhckV] esjh cLrj dh dgkfu;k¡] i`- 09 30- esg#fUulk ijost+] Vksuk] esjh cLrj dh dgkfu;k¡] i`- 18 pksj cuh vk¡[kksa ls VVksy&VVksydj <w¡<r+ h gS fd eq¡njh fdlds ikl 31- esg#fUulk ijost+] dkuhckV] esjh cLrj dh dgkfu;k¡] i`- 09 32- esg#fUulk ijost+] dkuhckV] esjh cLrj dh dgkfu;k¡] i`- 11 gS] ;g cM+k gh mRlkgh vkSj fiz; [ksy ekuk tkrk gSA**50 33- ¼la-½ lqjsanz oekZ] vkfnoklh Loj] i`- 114 ijost+] taxyh fgj.kh] esjh cLrj dh dgkfu;k¡] i`- 229 bl izdkj ysf[kdk us vkfnoklh ifjos'k ds fp=.k dks ;FkkFkZrk iznku 34-35- esesgg#fUulk #fUulk ijost+] lwdh c;M+h] lej] i`- 224 ijost+] Vksuk] esjh cLrj dh dgkfu;k¡] i`- 28 djus ds fy, viuh dgkfu;ksa esa vkfnokfl;ksa dh laL—fr ds :i esa 36-37- esesgg#fUulk #fUulk ijost+] Vksuk] esjh cLrj dh dgkfu;k¡] i`- 32 38- esg#fUulk ijost+] nsgjh dh [kkfrj] esjh cLrj dh dgkfu;k¡] i`- 122 yksdrRo dk lekos'k fd;k gS ftls LFkku&LFkku ij ?kVukpØ rFkk 39- esg#fUulk ijost+] Vksuk] esjh cLrj dh dgkfu;k¡] i`- 132 40- esg#fUulk ijost+] taxyh fgj.kh] esjh cLrj dh dgkfu;k¡] i`- 230 ys[kdh; fVIif.k;ksa ds ek/;e ls O;Dr fd;k x;k gSA 41- esg#fUulk ijost+] nsgjh dh [kkfrj] esjh cLrj dh dgkfu;k¡] i`- 123 42- esg#fUulk ijost+] taxyh fgj.kh] esjh cLrj dh dgkfu;k¡] i`- 230 lanHkZ 43- esg#fUulk ijost+] lwdh c;M+h] lej] i`- 131 12345-

bafnjk tks”kh] fganh miU;klksa esa yksdrRo] i`- 9 fl)kar dkSeqnh] i`- 417 —".k nso mik/;k;] yksd laL—fr dh :ijs[kk] i`- 36 —".k nso mik/;k;] yksd laL—fr dh :ijs[kk] i`- 10 —".k nso mik/;k;] yksd laL—fr dh :ijs[kk] i`- 10

44454647484950-

Tkksjke ;kyke ukcke dh dgkfu;ksa esa tutkrh; ifjos'k & vuq dqekjh euq"; lkekftd çk.kh gksus ds dkj.k vdsyk jguk ilan ugha djrk gSA cqf)thoh gksus ds dkj.k og vU; çkf.k;ksa ls lgk;rk ysrk gSA NksVh&cM+h l¡LFkk,¡ cukrk gSA bu lc laLFkkvksa esa ifjokj dk LFkku loksiZ fj gSA ifjokj gh lkekftd thou dk çFke Lrj gSA eSdkboj vkSj ist ds vuqlkj Þifjokj ,slk lewg gS ftlesa lhfer] la;fer ,oa lkekftd fu;eksa }kjk fu;af=r ;kSu lac/a kksa dk fuokZg gksrk gSAß1 okLro esa ,d lewg gS ftldh igpku ifjokj gksrh gSA lkekU; fuokl] vkfFkZd lg;ksx vkSj larkuksRifÙk ds vk/kkj ij gksrh gSA olZ ds vuqlkj Þifjokj ekrk&firk vkSj cPpksa dk ,d NksVk lk lkekftd oxZ gSAß2 bl çdkj ifjokj esa oSokfgd lac/a k] lkekU; fuokl] LFkku] ifr&iRuh rFkk ifjokj ds vU; lnL;ksa ds chp jä lac/a k] oa'kkoyh vkSj oa'k dk uke vkfFkZd ,oa lqj{kk ds dk;Z] larkuksRifÙk ,oa larku dk ykyu&ikyu] fookg rFkk vU; lkekftd vkSj /kkfeZd dk;ksZa dk ,d çdkj dk gksuk vko';d gSA v#.kkpy çns'k ds tutkrh; leqnk;ksa esa ifjokj dk viuk egRo gSA la;ä q ifjokj bl leqnk; dh çeq[k fo'ks"krk gSA ,d ?kj esa ifr&iRuh] cPps] cgw] iksr& s iksfr;k¡] pkpk&pkph rFkk muds cPps vkfn jgrs gSAa ijarq ;s yksx vyx&vyx ifjys[k 'kks/k lanHkZ ¼bZif=dk½

esg#fUulk esg#fUulk esg#fUulk esg#fUulk esg#fUulk esg#fUulk esg#fUulk

ijost+] ijost+] ijost+] ijost+] ijost+] ijost+] ijost+]

lwdh c;M+h] lej] i`- 131&132 lwdh c;M+h] lej] i`- 132 lwdh c;M+h] lej] i`- 133 lwdh c;M+h] lej] i`- 132&133 dkuhckV] esjh cLrj dh dgkfu;k¡] i`- 16&17 dkuhckV] esjh cLrj dh dgkfu;k¡] i`- 16&17 dkuhckV] esjh cLrj dh dgkfu;k¡] i`- 22

pwYgksa dk bLrseky djrs gSAa ,d pwYgs esa os viuh lqfo/kkuqlkj Hkkstu bR;kfn rS;kj djrs gSAa [ksrh&ckM+h Hkh vyx&vyx gksrh gSA [ksrh vyx&vyx gksus ij Hkh os ,d nwljs dh lgk;rk djrs gSAa muesa lg;ksx dh Hkkouk dwV&dwV dj Hkjh gksrh gSA ;fn os ,d&nwljs dk lg;ksx ugha djrs gSa rks ifjokj ds cqtx q Z mUgsa Mk¡Vrs vkSj le>krs gSAa M‚- tksjke ;kyke ukcke dh dgkfu;k¡ blfy, vfHkuo vkSj egRoiw.kZ gSa fd buesa v#.kkpy çns'k ds tutkrh; leqnk;ksa ds ifjos'k dh LokuqHkwfrijd >k¡dh çLrqr dh xbZ gSA ^lk{kh gS ihiy* dgkuh esa rktqe ik¡p 'kkfn;k¡ djrk gS vkSj ik¡pksa ifRu;ksa ls ik¡p iq= iSnk gksrs gSa ftuds uke gSa rkiw] rkyw] ,sik] [kksnk vkSj rkrksA lHkh cPps [kwc eLrh djrs gS]a D;ksfa d ik¡pksa ek¡ lHkh cPpksa ls [kwc I;kj djrh gSAa ,d gh yack ?kj vkSj mlesa lHkh ifRu;ksa ds vyx&vyx pwYgsA cPpksa ds rks cl ets gh etsA bruh lkjh ek,¡ tks Fkha mUgsa I;kj djus ds fy,A ,d us [kkuk ugha fn;k] rks nwljh us f[kyk fn;kA ,d us ekjk rks nwljh us I;kj fd;kA firk jkr dks igyh choh ds lkFk gh fn[krs] ijarq lqcg nwljh] rhljh ;k fQj pkSFkh ds lkFk fn[k tkrsA cPps ldidkus yxrs] os vk¡[ksa ehp&ehp dj mUgsa ns[kus yxrsA3 ^D;k lp esa os dHkh feys Hkh Fks* esa n'kkZ;k x;k gS fd vkfeu ds firk dh e`R;q ds ckn mldh ek¡ us nwljh 'kknh dj yh FkhA rc cM+s HkkbZ firk cu x,] cpiu Hkkb;ksa ds lkFk çse ls chrkA vkfeu ds thou esa cgqr lkjh ijs'kkfu;k¡ vkrh gS]a ysfdu og fdlh Hkh ijs'kkuh ls ugha Mjrh gS] fQj Hkh mls vlQyrk gh gkFk yxrh gSA4 ^dkes'oj c#vk gyqok cu x;k* esa dkes'oj paik ls 'kknh djrk gSA mls og crkrk gS fd] nqfu;k esa mldk dksbZ ugha gS]a ysfdu dqN fnu ckn ,d vkSjr vkrh gS vkSj dgrh gS ;s esjk vkSj dkes'oj dk cM+k

vad&1 % tuojh] 2017

ISSN Applied

izos'kkad 46 yM+dk gS] ;g bldh choh vkSj os buds nks cPpsA bl rjQ ns[kks] êSa ;keh gw¡* esa ;keh ds ifjokj esa lHkh [ksrh djrs gSAa mudh vkthfodk ds lk/ku Hkh [ksrh gh gSA ;keh dks [ksrh djus ugha vkrh ;s gekjk NksVk yM+dk gSA bl çdkj ns[kk tk ldrk gS fd ysf[kdk us v#.kkpyh tutkrh; Fkh D;ksfa d mlus g‚LVy esa jgdj i<+kbZ dh FkhA mldh lkl us leqnk;ksa ds ifjokjksa esa çpfyr la;ä q ifjokj] iq#"klÙkkRed ikfjokfjd [ksrksa ds gj ckr ckjhdh ls le>kbZA blh çdkj ûnh* dgkuh esa Hkh O;oLFkk] cgq iRuh çFkk] cM+h iRuh dh çHkqrk] NksVh ifRu;ksa dh taxy dh dVkbZ dk mYys[k feyrk gSA ;Fkk& Þ,d fnu lqcg&lqcg =klnh vkSj ifjokj esa larkuksa dh fLFkfr dks foosP; dgkfu;ksa esa Hkyh ek¡ rFkk firk th nwj [ksrh esa tkus dh rS;kjh djus yxsA vc >we çdkj ls n'kkZ;k gSA tutkrh; lekt ds lHkh cPps&cw<s+ dke djrs [ksrh dk ekSle vk x;k FkkA taxyksa dh dVkbZ “kq: gks pqdh FkhA gSAa [ksrh budk eq[; dk;Z gS] dbZ yksx feydj ,d O;fä ds [ksr cPps cgqr cspuS Fks] D;ksfa d ek¡&cki nks&rhu fnu rd ykSVus okys q ds xk¡o esa Hkh yksx [ksrh&ckM+h djrs gS]a vkSj ogk¡ esa dke djrs gS]a nwljs fnu nwljs O;fä ds [ksr esa dke djrs gSAa [ksrksa ugha FksAß10 iqn³ esa vkiks³] [kkuk] ek¡l] vkfn [kkrs&ihrs gSAa L=h&iq#"k lHkh [kkrs dk Hkh eq[; O;olk; [ksrh gh gSA ml [ksrh dk uke gS >we [ksrhA ihrs gSAa fL=;k¡ x`gdk;Z ds vfrfjä flykbZ] cqukbZ] —f"k vkfn dk;Z viuh vkthfodk ds fy, yksx nwj&nwj [ksrh djus tkrs gSa ,oa djrh gSAa [ksrh dk mYys[k ^lk{kh gS ihiy* esa bl çdkj feyrk gS& nks&rhu fnu rd ckgj gh jgrs gSAa bl rjg ls ge dg ldrs gSa ÞdqN nsj ckn rktqe cksyk] êSa e¡[kk vkSj ;kuk ds [ksr ij tk jgk fd v#.kkpy çns'k ds tks tutkfr;k¡ gSa mudh vkthfodk dk gw¡] ftudks vkuk gks] vk tkukAß5 rktqe vkSj mudh ik¡p ifRu;k¡ eq[; vkèkkj —f"k gSA os —f"k ij gh dsfa ær gksrs gS]a muds ifjokj dk lHkh feydj [ksrh djrs gS]a ftlesa /kku vkSj edbZ dh [ksrh vf/kd Hkj.k&iks"k.k —f"k ij gh vkèkkfjr gksrk gSA gksrh gSA muds ik¡p cPps ygjkrs /kku rFkk edbZ ds [ksr dh v#.kkpy çns'k dk tutkrh; lekt iq#"klÙkkRed lekt gS vFkkZr iq#"k ds gkFk esa vfèkdkj vkSj usr`Ro gSA bl iq#"klÙkkRed j[kokyh djrs gSAa [ksrksa dh mit ls ?kj ds lHkh dk;Z gksrs gSAa blh çdkj ^mldk uke ;kih Fkk* esa n'kkZ;k x;k gS fd Þfdlku cgqr lekt esa L=h dh fLFkfr cgqr n;uh; vkSj lkspuh; gSA ysf[kdk [kq'k Fks fd vc tkdj o"kkZ jkuh i/kkjh gS /kjrh ijA lHkh esa tksjke ;kyke ukcke us foosP; dgkfu;ksa esa bl lekt ds ifjos'k dh vius&vius [ksrksa dks igys [kRe dj ysus dh tSls gksM+ lh yx xbZA çkekf.kd rLohj is'k dh gSA tSlk fd igys Hkh fy[kk tk pqdk gS xk¡o esa gypy 'kq: gks pqdh FkhAß6 v#.kkpy çns'k esa tutkfr;ksa fd] ogk¡ ds iq#"k pkj&ik¡p Hkh 'kkfn;k¡ dj ldrs gSAa mu yksxksa dh dh eq[; :i ls —f"k dk;Z gS blfy, ogk¡ ij o"kkZ dk lcdks cslczh /kkj.kk gS fd iq#"k dh vf/kd 'kkfn;k¡ djuk muds /kuoku vkSj ls bartkj jgrk gS] vkSj ckfj'k gksus ls ogk¡ ds lHkh yksx cgqr çlUu cqf)eku gksus dh lwpd gSA ^lk{kh gS ihiy* dgkuh esa rktqe uke ds gksrs gSAa ;gk¡ ;kih ds xk¡o okys Hkh cgqr [kq'k gS]a D;ksfa d ogk¡ ckfj'k tutkfr dk o.kZu fd;k x;k gSA vkSj ogk¡ ds ukjh] cPpksa ds ckjs esa “kq: gks pqdh FkhA lHkh vius&vius [ksrksa esa dke dj jgs Fks] iqj[kksa crk;k x;k gSA ÞcPpksa ds jksus dh vkokt [kwclwjr laxhr gS] ftl ds tehu dks laHkkydj j[krs gSa vkSj mlh ls viuk thou&;kiu ?kj esa cPpksa ds jksus dh vkokt ugha vkrh] ogk¡ Hkwr viuk Msjk tek ysrk gS vkSj ml ifjokj esa chekjh jkt djrh gSAß11 rktqe dh ik¡pksa djrs gSAa vU;= dgkuh ^;klks* esa ysf[kdk us tutkrh; lekt dh vFkZO;oLFkk ifRu;k¡ cPpksa ls cgqr I;kj djrh gSAa cPps jksrs gSa rks rktqe ifRu;ksa esa cuus ds egRo dks la;ksftr fd;k gSA ;Fkk &Þlquks rkfeu] bl dks Mk¡Vrk gS& Þvjs csodwQ vkSjr rqEgsa cPps pqi djuk Hkh ugha yM+dh dks viuh iRuh cukyksA vkus nksU;h dh ik ls gekjs ikl vkrkA tkus dc lh[ksxh ;sA muds jksus dh vkokt ls ek¡ dh vkokt [ksrh&ckM+h cgqr gSA yM+dh Hkh esgurh gS gekjh enn gks tk,xh] T;knk rst gksuh pkfg,Aß12 ek,¡ cPpksa dks pqi djkus ds fy, ns[krs ugha] lcls cM+h Vksdjh esa Hkj&Hkj ds taxy ls eksVh&eksVh tksj&tksj ls xkus yxkrh gSAa ckgj ls vkus okys yksxksa dks dHkh&dHkh ydfM+;k¡ fnu esa ik¡p&Ng ckj ykrh gSAa ß7 rkfeu dh cM+h iRuh Hkze gksrk gS fd dqN v'kqHk t:j gqvk gS] ftlds pyrs ;s vkSjrsa jks dgrh gS fd rqe ;klks ls 'kknh djyks] D;ksfa d ;gk¡ ij lHkh [ksrh gh jgh gSAa ysfdu cLrh dh lkjh vkSjrsa ,slk gh djrh FkhaA cPpksa ds djrs gSAa og gekjs dke esa gkFk c¡Vk,xh og esgurh Hkh gSA taxy >xM+s esa ;gk¡ rd ukScr vk tkrh gS fd vkSjrsa ,d nwljs ds cky [khapus vkSj ukspus yx tkrh gSAa bl ij rktqe ukjkt gks x;kA ls ydM+h ykuk] [ksrh djuk mu yksxksa dk çeq[k dk;Z gSA ^dkes'oj c#vk gyqok cu x;k* 'kh"kZd dgkuh esa paik dh dFkk bl mlus nko gkFk esa fy;k vkSj mls ,d fofp= vankt esa ygjkrs gq, lanHkZ esa æ"VO; gS fd tutkrh; ifjokj dh vFkZO;oLFkk dSls pyrh ukpus vkSj xkus yxk& Þvkfn firk rkuh dh vla[; ifRu;ksa esa Hkh gS Þ;s esjk vkSj dkes'oj dk cM+k yM+dk gSA ;g bldh choh vkSj os bruk >xM+k ugha gqvk] jsr ls QSys muds oa'kksa esa Hkh bruk 'kksj ugha buds nks cPps] bl rjQ ns[kks ;s gekjk NksVk yM+dk gSA ;s [ksr ns[k epkAß13 lHkh ifRu;k¡ rktqe ds xqLls ls pqi gks xbZ]a ysfdu tc jgh gks u] ;s gekjk gSA nksuksa HkkbZ feytqydj blesa [ksrh djrs gSAa rktqe dk xqLlk 'kkar gqvk rks fQj lHkh ,d&nwljs ij nks"kkjksi.k lky esa rhl gtkj ;k dHkh&dHkh ipkl gtkj rks vk gh tkrs gSAa djus yxhA dksbZ dg jgh Fkh Þ>xM+s dk dkj.k rqe gksAß dksbZ dg cM+h cgq lfCt;ksa dh nqdku yxkrh gS vkSj NksVh ?kj laHkkyrh gSAß8 jgh Fkh] ÞvPNk] esjs cky [khapus fdlus “kq: fd, Fks! fjuh lksp jgh paik tc dkes'oj ds ?kj okyksa ls feyrh gS rks og vius vkthfodk Fkh] êkrk lw;Z rsjk yk[k&yk[k 'kqfØ;k rktqe vc [ksr tk pqds gSAa ds lk/ku ds ckjs esa crkrh gSA mlds ifjokj esa lHkh feytqydj çse eSa pyrh gw¡ tYnh&tYnh muds ihNs] ojuk dksbZ vkSj pyh tk,xhA ds lkFk jgrs gSAa tutkfr yksx vf/kdrj [ksrh ij gh fuHkZj gksrs gSAa 'kke dks os ,d lkFk okil vk,] rks eSa ns[k ugha ldw¡xhA bl rjg a s ogh ekuuk mfpr ekuk muds vkthfodk dk lk/ku eq[; :i ls —f’k gh gSA cM+h cgq [ksrh ls ogk¡ dh fL=;ksa ds fy, iq#"k tks dgsx tkrk gS A çks ns o jkt ds 'kCnks a es & a ^^bu dgkfu;ksa ds cPps Hkh ls mits lkx&lCth dh nqdku yxkrh gS rFkk cktkj esa csprh gSA [ksrh&ckM+h ds dke&dkt esa cgq,¡ gh vkxs jgrh gSAa ;Fkk& Þlkl ds foy{k.k FksA vusd ekvks]a fdarq ,d gh iq#"k dh larku gksdj lkFk [ksr ij tkus yxh] og eq>s [ksrksa dh gj ckr ckjhdh ls lkFk&lkFk jgrs] lksr]s [kkrs] f'kdkj djrs] [ksrh esa lgk;rk djrs] 'kSrkuh vkSj euksjt a u djrs rFkk viuh t:jrsa [kqn iwjh djus dks le>krh FkhAß9 ifjys[k 'kks/k lanHkZ ¼bZif=dk½

vad&1 % tuojh] 2017

ISSN Applied

izos'kkad 47 vkrqj gksrs gq,A ;s cPps flQZ vius firk ls Mjrs gS]a ek¡ ls dHkh blh çdkj ^lk{kh gS ihiy* esa ,d yksd xhr dk lekos'k fd;k x;k ughaA cPps le>us yxs gSa fd mudk firk vyx&vyx fnu gSA rktqe ds ik¡p cPps Fks] ik¡pksa cPps cgqr gh ets ls jgrs FksA dgha vyx&vyx ek¡vksa ds ikl tkrk gS] ysfdu muds eu esa dksbZ loky Hkh tkrs Fks rks lkFk esa tkrs FksA ,d fnu lHkh [ksr ij tk jgs Fks èkku ugha mHkjrk] os tUe ls gh blds vH;Lr gks pqds gSAa ;g mudh dVkbZ dh j[kokyh djusA vc os [ksr igq¡p pqds FksA ,d gh epku lekt O;oLFkk dk vax cudj lfn;ksa ls blh rjg pyh vk jgh ij lc tek gq, vkSj fQj ges'kk dh rjg fcuk dqN cksys ,d lkFk thou 'kSyh gS] tgk¡ f'k{kk igq¡p xbZ gS] 'kgjhdj.k dk çHkko iM+ xkus yxs& x;k gS] ogk¡ bl pyu esa cnyko vk;k gSA cPps bl cnyko dks Hkh Þ,d igkM+ ij gkFkh dk cPpk feyk tkuus dh dksf'k'k dj jgsa gSAa ukuk&ukuh cPpksa ds fç; fj'rsnkj mldk dku v#bZ ds iÙks lk gksrs gSAa os vDlj ekrk ds euk djus ds ckotwn Hkkxdj ukuk&ukuh] nwljs igkM+ ij 'ksj dk cPpk feyk ekek&ekeh] ekSlh ;k cqvk ds ?kj tkrs gS]a cPpksa dks buesa dbZ [kkus mldk dku ihiy ds iÙks lk dh phtsa feyrh gSAa cPps vius pkpk&pkph ls vf/kd ek¡ ds rhljs igkM+ ij fgj.k dk cPpk feyk fj'rsnkjksa ds djhc gksrs gSAa tutkrh; lekt esa L=h laifÙk ds :i og Fkk I;kjk&I;kjk rkrks lk esa vkrh gSA iq#"k ftl rjg ls j[kuk pkgs] j[k ldrs gSAa dHkh&dHkh tks HkkbZ gekjk] ftldh cgrh ukdß16 firk csVh ds cnys feys feFkqu ls vius fy, ubZ iRuh Hkh ykrs gSAa blh çdkj ysf[kdk us crk;k gS fd fookg gksus ij yM+dh dh ek¡ U;h'kh lekt esa xk¡o dh vkSjrsa Lo;a viuh lkSru ykrh gSAa ;g ikjaifjd fonkbZ xhr xkrh gS& mldh lkekftd çfr"Bk dks c<+krh gSA**14 ;fn L=h fdlh ds lkFk êSua s ekyk fijksbZ cM+h yxu ls] xys esa vius Mkyh bBykbZ Hkkx tkrh gS rks ek;ds okys vU; csVh dks nsrs gSAa cPpksa dh çR;sd I;kjh ekyk esjh VwV jgh vkt] xys esa fQj ls Mkyw¡ dSls vko';drk dh iwfrZ ekrk gh djrh gS] pw¡fd vf/kdrj iq#"k cgqiRuh viuh HkkfHk;ksa ls fny u nq[kokuk] muls u yM+okuk esjs I;kjs okyk gksrk gSA vr% og lcdk [+k;ky Bhd çdkj ls ugha dj ikrk vkcksrkuh ds oa'kt gSa ge] rqe ykt j[kuk I;kjs nkekn gekjsA*17 gSA ;gh dkj.k gS fd cPps ekr` dsfa ær gksrs gSAa orZeku esa f'k{kk us mi;qä Z foospu&fo'ys"k.k ls Kkr gksrk gS fd foosP; dgkuh laxgz bl {ks= esa vk'p;Ztud lqèkkj fd;k gSA vkt U;h'kh fL=;k¡ tkx:d esa tutkrh; vkfnokfl;ksa ds ikfjokfjd] lkekftd] vkfFkZd vkSj gks xbZ gSAa vc os vius vf/kdkjksa dk bLrseky djrh gSAa lkaL—frd ço`fÙk;ksa dk çkekf.kd vadu fd;k tkrk gSA ûnh* esa ,d yksddFkk dk mYys[k gSA blesa iqn³ q vkSj mldh NksVh lanHkZ t] lksf'k;ksykth] cgu dks iqn³ q dh ek¡ dgkuh lqurh gS fd fdl rjg ls gesa vius 1-2- eStsd-,u-kbojpkS,a/kjh]M isv#.kkpy iSuksjek] i`- 84 ukcke] ^lk{kh gS ihiy*] lk{kh gS ihiy] i`- 13 thou esa ,d nwljs ds çfr çse dh Hkkouk dks n'kkZuk pkfg, vkSj 3-4- M‚M‚ tkstksjjkeke ;kyke ;kyke ukcke] ^D;k lp esa os dHkh feys Hkh Fks*] lk{kh gS ihiy] i`- 27 ukcke] ^lk{kh gS ihiy*] lk{kh gS ihiy] i`- 15 le; ij ,d nwljs dh enn Hkh djuh pkfg,A iqn³ q dh ek¡ us mls 5-6- M‚M‚ tkstksjjkeke ;kyke ;kyke ukcke] ^mldk uke ;kih Fkk*] lk{kh gS ihiy] i`- 44 èkhjs&èkhjs ekykvksa dk egRo crkuk “kq: dj fn;kA dSls j[kuh 7- M‚ tksjke ;kyke ukcke] *;klks*] lk{kh gS ihiy] i`- 57 8- M‚ tksjke ;kyke ukcke] *dkes 'oj c#vk gyqok cu x;k*] lk{kh gS ihiy] i`- 67 pkfg, vkSj dc iguuh pkfg,A ekt] rky] nqfIiu dks fdl rjg 9- M‚ tksjke ;kyke ukcke] *eSa ;keh gw¡*] lk{kh gS ihiy] i`- 75 ;kyke ukcke] *unh*] lk{kh gS ihiy] i`- 81 lsj feêh esa j[krs gSAa mlesa fdrus iqj[kksa dh vkRek,¡ fuokl djrh 10-11- M‚M‚ tkstksjjkeke ;kyke ukcke] ^lk{kh gS ihiy*] lk{kh gS ihiy] i`- 13 12- M‚ tksjke ;kyke ukcke] ^lk{kh gS ihiy*] lk{kh gS ihiy] i`- 13 gSAa fdl&fdl le; ij mlds fy, iwtk djuh pkfg, vkSj dc 13- M‚ tksjke ;kyke ukcke] ^lk{kh gS ihiy*] lk{kh gS ihiy] i`- 16 Hkwfedk] lk{kh gS ihiy mls pkoy dk vkVk f[kykuk pkfg, bR;kfnA ,d fnu mlus [ksr 14-15- IkzM‚ks- tksnsojjkt] ke ;kyke ukcke] ûnh*] lk{kh gS ihiy] i`- 80&81 16- M‚ tksjke ;kyke ukcke] ^lk{kh gS ihiy*] lk{kh gS ihiy] i`- 18 esa ek¡ ds lkeus 'krZ j[kh fd tc rd mls dgkuh ugha lquk,xh] rc 17- M‚ tksjke ;kyke ukcke] ^D;k lp esa os dHkh feys Hkh Fks*] lk{kh gS ihiy] i`- 28 rd og ?kkl lkQ ugha djsxhA bl ij ek¡ us dgkuh “kq: dh& eqfLye 'kklu esa fganh Qkjlh ds lkFk&lkFk pyrh jgh Þl`f"V ds vkjaHk esa nks cgusa çdV gqbAaZ tks igys çdV gqbZ Fkh mldk uke Fkk flU;h vkSj tks mlds ckn çdV gqbZ mldk uke Fkk fcU;hA ij daiuh ljdkj us ,d vksj Qkjlh ij gkFk lkQ nksuksa us ,d&nwljs ds chp xgjk çse vuqHko fd;kA mu nksuksa cguksa fd;k rks nwljh vksj fganh ijA dks tks phtsa lcls igys fn[kha] os Hkh ?kkl vkSj vUu ds nks nkusA &paæcyh ikaM;s NksVh us ,d nkuk mBkdj [kk;k rks cM+h us dgk fd og nwljk [kk Hkkjr dh ijaijkxr jk"VªHkk"kk fganh gSA ysA ysfdu cM+h cgu ds eq¡g esa ?kkl dks ns[k dj ikuh vkus yxkA &ufyufoykspu 'kekZ mlus nkus ds cnys ?kkl [kkbZA tSls gh ?kkl isV esa igq¡ph] og feFkqu cu xbZA ;g ns[kdj NksVh cgu mlls fyiV dj jksus yxhA ysfdu tc ls geus viuh Hkk"kk dk leknj djuk NksMk+ rHkh ls cM+h cgu dks taxy tkuk gh Fkk] tkuoj tks cu xbZ FkhA fonkbZ gekjk vieku vkSj voufr gksus yxhA csgn nq[knkbZ FkhA cM+h us NksVh ls oknk fd;k fd og lnk mlds &¼jktk½ jkf/kdkje.k çlkn flag dke vk,xhA fookg esa nqYgu ds cnys feFkqu fy;k tk,xk vkSj >xM+s esa ;k fdlh Hkh rjg dh eqlhcr esa og gh viuh NksVh cgu ;fn i{kikr dh –f"V ls u ns[kk tk;s rks mnwZ Hkh fganh dk gh ,d :i gSA ds dke vk,xhA blhfy, feFkqu vkSj yM+dh dh dher cjkcj gqbAZ 15 xk¡o okys bl okns ij vkLFkk j[kuk dHkh ugha HkwyrsAß feFkqu ds &f'kouanu lgk; çfr ek¡ us csVh ds eu esa ,d ckj fQj ls vkLFkk rFkk laLdkjksa dh çR;sd uxj çR;sd eksgYys esa vkSj çR;sd xk¡o esa ,d dM+h tksM+ nh FkhA dgkuh lekIr gqbZ vkSj nksuksa ek¡&csVh g¡lrs gq, vkiks³ fi;kA bl rjg ls iqn³ q dh ek¡ nksuksa cguksa dks dgkuh iqLrdky; gksus dh vko';drk gSA &¼jktk½ dh uan flag dhffrZ vk vkua lqukrh gS vkSj vkil esa çse ds lkFk jgus ds fy, lh[k nsrh gSA ifjys[k 'kks/k lanHkZ ¼bZif=dk½

vad&1 % tuojh] 2017

ISSN Applied

izos'kkad

catkjk yksd mRlo % rht & fot;y{eh catkjs vius iwot Z ksa ds ioks]aZ mRlo vkSj R;ksgkjksa dks cM+s /kwe&/kke ls fganw /keZ ds vuqlkj eukrs gSAa ioks]aZ R;ksgkjksa ls ekuo thou dks ijaijkxr thou thus dh izjs .kk izkIr gksrh gSA buds R;ksgkjksa esa eq[; gS& a vkV~e ¼mxkfn½] lhryk ¼catkjksa dh nsoh½A rht] nljkvks ¼n'kgjk½] nhokyh] laØkafr] gksyh vkfn gSAa rht catkjk tkfr dh d¡oq kjh yM+fd;ksa dk lcls fiz; mRlo ekuk tkrk gSA bl mRlo us ,d ozr dk :i /kkj.k dj fy;k gSA bls dkfrZd 'kqDy izfrink ls vxgu 'kqDy izfrink dh vof/k esa euk;k tkrk gSA ;g mRlo ftl fnu ls vkjaHk gksrk gS mlds nlosa fnu bldk lekiu gksrk gSA catkjksa esa mRlo eukus ds fo'ks"k jhfr&fjokt gSAa rht mRlo Hkh ijaijk ds vuqlkj gh euk;k tkrk gSA la/;k ds le; ;qofr;k¡ rkaMs ds uk;d ds ?kj tek gksrh gSAa ogk¡ ?kj ds vk¡xu esa muds ix ukp mBrs gSa vkSj daB ls xhrksa ds Loj QwV iM+rs gSAa muds xhrksa ds Hkko fny dks Nw tkrs gSAa uk;d vkSj cqtx q Z yksx xhrksa ls izHkkfor gksrs gSa vkSj rht mRlo ekuus dh ?kks"k.kk djrs gSAa bl ?kks"k.kk ls L=h&iq#"k lc >wew mBrs gSAa yM+fd;ksa dh [kq'kh dh lhek ugha jgrhA bl mRlo ds fy, lcls igys ck¡l dh NksVh&NksVh Vksdfj;k¡ RkS;kj dh tkrh gSAa ;s Vksdfj;k¡ ckjhd feV~Vh ls Hkjh tkrh gSAa ;g feV~Vh taxy ls ykus dh izFkk gSA csj ds isM+ ds uhps edkSMs+ ckjhd feV~Vh ds NksV& s NksVs <sj cukrs gSAa ,d fnu yM+fd;k¡ taxy esa tkrh gS]a csj ds isM+ dh iwtk djrh gSa vkSj ckn esa viuh Vksdjh esa ckjhd feV~Vh Hkjrh gSAa ogk¡ os ukprh gS]a xkrh gSa vkSj xhrksa esa edkSMk+ as ds izfr vkHkkj izdV djrh gSAa blhfy, fd ;g feV~Vh vf/kd mitkÅ gksrh gSA rht osVa uks ¼rht ck¡Vuk½ ^^vanM s h canM s hek canM s h cksjM s h lsok Hkk;k Hkkanks;s VsMh ikdsMh ikdsMhek jksGks ;s rhtsjks Nax q yk vanM s h canM s hek canM s h cksjM s h lqdk Hkk;k Hkkanks;s VsMks ikdsMh ikdsMhek jksGks;s ikVsjks Nwx a yk vanM s h canM s hek canM s h cksjM s h ikdsMhek jksGks;s rhtsjks Nwx a ykA Hkkjh >qM a esa pk¡n tSls ^lsok Hkk;k* ck¡/kk gqvk gS] VsMh ixMh ixMh esa jksik x;k gS] rht ds ikS/ks Hkkjh >qM a es]a pk¡n tSls ckiw ck¡/kk gqvk gS] VsMh ixMh ixMh esa jksik x;k gS rht ds ikS/ksA** bl volj ij rkaMs ds ckgj ,d eaMi rS;kj fd;k tkrk gSA mlds uhps rht dh Vksdfj;k¡ j[kh tkrh gSAa blesa rkaMs dh izR;sd yM+dh dh ,d Vksdjh j[kus dk fo/kku gSA rhljs igj cLrh ds yksx ogk¡ tek gksrs gSAa ;g ,d egRoiw.kZ volj gksrk gSA bl volj ij dq¡okjh yM+fd;k¡ feV~Vh dh iwtk djrh gSAa blds ckn Vksdjh dh feV~Vh dks ikuh ls lhaprh gSa vkSj mlesa xsg¡w cht cksrh gSAa feV~Vh dh iwtk /kjrh dh iwtk le>h tkrh gSA catkjksa dh ijaijk esa /kjrh dks ifjys[k 'kks/k lanHkZ ¼bZif=dk½

ekrk dk izrhd ekuk tkrk gSA yksx jkr Hkj xhr xkrs gSa vkSj [ksy [ksyrs gSAa ik¡posa fnu xsg¡w ds cht vadfq jr gksrs gSAa mUgsa izfr fnu nks ckj lhapk tkrk gSA bl gsrq yM+fd;k¡ rht eaMi ij tek gksrh gSa vkSj flj ij ?kM+s j[kdj ,d lkFk iu?kV dh vksj py nsrh gSAa os iu?kV ij [ksyrh gS]a dwnrh gSa vkSj Luku Hkh djrh gSAa diM+s /kksdj LoPN fd, tkrs gSAa fQj ty Hkjh xxjh ysdj py iM+rh gSAa muds xhrksa dh xw¡t ls okrkoj.k Hkh >we mBrk gSA bl rjg yM+fd;k¡ ikSèkksa dks nl fnu fuR; lhaprh gSa vkSj muds LokLF; dh dkeuk djrh gSAa oLrqr% rht dq¡okjh yM+fd;ksa ds fy, /kkfeZd ioZ gSA bl nkSjku os rht nsoh naMh dk ozr j[krh gSAa naMh lq[k] 'kkafr vkSj laiUurk dh nsoh ekuh tkrh gSA lkrosa fnu <acksyh dk;ZØe dk vk;kstu gksrk gSA bl fnu ?kj esa yM~Mw curs gSAa yM~Mw ls nsoh dks Hkksx yxrk gSA yM+fd;k¡ bl fnu yM~Mw ysdj taxy esa tkrh gSa vkSj ogk¡ edkSMk+ as dks yM~Mw f[kykrh gSAa fQj os ogk¡ xksy ?ksjs esa cSBdj Hkkstu djrh gSAa bl fnu jkr Hkj ukp xkuk gksrk gSA ukSoas fnu x.kxkSjh dh LFkkiuk dh tkrh gSA feV~Vh ls cuh L=h&iq#"k dh la;Dq r izfrek dks ^x.kxkSj* dgk tkrk gSA bl izfrek dks f'ko&ikoZrh dk izrhd ekuk tkrk gSA catkjs f'ko&ikoZrh dh iwtk J)k ls djrs gSAa nlosa fnu rht dk foltZu gksrk gSA bl fnu izR;sd yM+dh viuh Vksdjh ls eqVB~ h Hkj ikS/ks ysrh gSa vkSj ik¡p&ik¡p ikS/ks ,d lkFk x¡Fw krh gSAa xq¡Fks gq, ikS/kksa dks Nwxyk dgrs gSAa yM+dh bls vius ifjtuksa dks HksVa nsrh gSAa yksd fo'okl gS fd bl HksVa esa nsoh dk ojnku izkIr gksrk gSA rhljs igj rksj.k [ksy [ksys tkrs gSAa blesa L=h&iq#"k] yM+ds vkSj yM+fd;k¡ lc Hkkx ysrs gSAa bldk vk;kstu ,d eSnku esa gksrk gSA dbZ [ksy [ksys tkrs gSAa lw;kZLr ds le; rkaMs ds vkl&ikl ds fdlh unh] ukys ;k rkykc esa rht dk foltZu fd;k tkrk gSA catkjksa dk ekuuk gS fd bl mRlo ls vk/;kfRed vkSj ekufld 'kfDr dh izkfIr gksrh gSA HkfDr vkSj J)k dk fodkl gksrk gSA ekuo dY;k.k dh lk/kuk gksrh gSA lanHkZ 1- Hkk"kk ygjh] d{kk 9] f}rh; Hkk"kk fganh] 2- MkW- oh- jkedksVh] catkjk yksdxhr ¼ladyu½] —".kos.kh izdk'ku] gSnjkckn

viuh ljyrk ds dkj.k fganh çoklh Hkkb;ksa dh Lor% jk"VªHkk"kk gks xbZA &Hkokuhn;ky laU;klh ;g dSls laHko gks ldrk gS fd vaxt sz h Hkk"kk leLr Hkkjr dh ekr`Hkk"kk ds leku gks tk;s\ &paæ'ks[kj feJ lkfgR; dh mUufr ds fy, lHkkvksa vkSj iqLrdky;ksa dh vR;ar vko';drk gSA &egkegks- ia- ldyukjk;.k 'kekZ tks lkfgR; dsoy LoIuyksd dh vksj ys tk;s] okLrfod thou dks mi—r djus esa vleFkZ gks] og furkar egRoghu gSA &M‚- dk'khçlkn tk;loky

vad&1 % tuojh] 2017

ISSN Applied

izos'kkad

cat a kjk tutkfr dk rht mRlo & fot;k pkankor catkjk ^rht* R;ksgkj ,d —f"k R;ksgkj ds :i esa eukrs gSAa ^rht* dk vFkZ gS ^gjk* ;k gjk ^Tokjk*A rht ekr`nos rk esjkek dk izfr:i gSA catkjksa dk fo'okl gS fd esjkek gj Qly dh j{kk djrh gSA rkaMk laL—fr ds vuqlkj rkaMs esa dksbZ Hkh mRlo eukuk gS rks rkaMs ds uk;d dh vuqefr vko';d gksrh gSA rkaMs dh yM+fd;k¡ lHkh feydj uk;d ds lkeus R;ksgkj eukus dh vuqefr ysrh gSAa ckn esa ;s xhr xkrh gS& a ydMhek lq vks ykcks js dUgS;ksyky rkaMjs ks uk;d vkpks js dUgS;ksyky csVhu rht cksjk;s js dUgS;ksyky daoq kjhjh vklhl ysyks js dUgS;ksyky R;ksgkj dh vuqefr feyus dh [kq'kh esa vius izHkq dUgS;kyky dks lacksf/kr djrh gSa fd rkaMs dk uk;d fdrus vPNs ân; dk gS& ^^cksjMh ds cksj [kkVs feBs cksj [kstjw dU;k >wedyk cksjMh ds csj >M er tk;sl vkoxs ikyR;k rksM ysxs cksjA** yM+fd;k¡ edksMk+ as ds izfr vHkkj izdV djrh gSa D;ksfa d muls mitkÅ feV~Vh feyrh gS& ?kaQyk ?kedksa isjl s js dUgS;ksyky ?kVuk gVks Qfj;s dUgS;ksyky ?kaQyk ?kedks Hkwfj;k okfy;ksa dUgS;ksyky ?kaQyk ?kedks galyks okfy;ksa dUgS;ksykyA** fL=;k¡ eksjuh tSlk u`R; djrh gSAa MaMh ;kMh cksjkbZ rht] ckbZjks iky.kksA iky.ks ekbZ lksujs Mksj ckbZjks iky.kksA lsokFkk;k cksjk;ks rht ckbZjks iky.kksA rhtsuk ;kMh vklhl nhuh ckbZjks iky.kksA MaMh ;kMh ¼esjkek½ rht dks lhaprh gS vkSj MaMh lksus dh ikydh esa cSBh MaMh ;kMh ^lsok Hk;k* rht dks vk'khlrh gSA ykach ykach;s ykacMh osxfs j;k >ksd a k [kkfj;s ykacMh osxfs j;k Qkadk QksfM;s ykacMh osxfs j;k ny ukfd;s ykacMh osxfs j;kA esjkek vkSj lsokyky dh ewfrZ;ksa dks cM+h esgur ls cukrs gSAa HkkbZ vkSj cgu esjkek ds lkSna ;Z ds ckjs esa o.kZu djrs gS& a <acksyh ysyks ls tkj.k ckbZ, fjl er dj , ls tkj.k ckbZ, <cksyh ys yks , ls tkj.k ckbZ,A esjkek vkSj lsokyky ds izlkn dks ^<acksyh* dgrs gSAa <acksyh vkBosa fnu dk dk;ZØe gksrk gSA bl dk;ZØe ls rht foltZu dh iwoZ rS;kjh djus dh lwpuk feyrh gSA <acksyh izR;sd ?kj esa cuk;k tkrk gSA yM+fd;k¡ nsoh dks Hkksx yxk dj izlkn lHkh yksxksa dks ck¡Vrs le; xhr xkrh gS& a ifjys[k 'kks/k lanHkZ ¼bZif=dk½

ekjs irs ik.khjh , rht eksfV;kj Naxyk jkys fyns ekjh osyk&osykjh , rht eksfV;kj Nax q yk jkys fyns ekjh Hkkth ikysjh , rht eksfV;kj Nax q yk xys fynsA yM+fd;k¡ viuh I;kjh rht dh fonkbZ djrh gSAa ;g dgrs gq, fd LoPN ikuh ls rht us ifjiDork /kkj.k dj yh gS& njs Hkh;k pksMdyh nA uo nkMsjh Hkwfe ek rksuk isjus k ykfyRo njkaÅ njs Hkh;k pksMdyh n uo nksMjs h Hkwfd ek rkfj dkusek ckfy njkcwA njs Hkh;k pksMdyh n uo nkMsjh Hkwfd ek rkfj gkFksek dksYMk njkow yM+fd;k¡ vius HkkbZ;ksa ls dgrh gSa fd ukS fnu ls Hkw[kh HkS;k esjh pksMDyh nhft,A eSa vkidks iguus ds fy, iStkek vkSj dkuksa esa ckfy] gkFk ?kM+h fnyk nsrh gw¡& rw drsfr vk;ksjs lkafØ;k rykoks ekjh rhlsjh P;ksrh ys;h pkyh bxjk pkyh rw drsfr vk;ksjs nwfn;k rykoks ekjh rhtsjh T;ksrh ys;h pkyh Mxjk pkyh rw drsfr vkbZ, O;kj.k xaxk ekjh rhtsjh T;ksrh ys;h pkyh Mxjk pkyh rw drsrh vkbZ, dqna h dkanh :xyh ekjh rhtsjh T;ksrh ys;h pkyh Mxjk pkyhA yM+fd;k¡ rht dks ikuh esa foltZu djrs le; cgqr nq%[k ls ;g xhr xkrh gSAa rkykc ls iwNrh gSa fd&rw dgk¡ ls vkbZ gSA esjh rht dh T;ksfr ys pyh] pyh tk jgh gSA rw dgk¡ ls vkbZ cM+h ckoyh\ ekjks Mkdkyks lqus js xqxjq h xw --ek ikuh dsjijk jsMw js xqxjq h xw --ek drk ukpw js xqxjq h xw --ekjks Mkis<k lqus js xqxjq h xw --ekjh lkr.ks lqus js xqxjq h xw --ekjh uaxkjh lqus js xqxjq h xw --ekjh Hkko>s lqus js xqxjq h xw --ekjh uk;dk lqus js xqxjq h xw --ekjh bZj.s kk lqus js xqxjq h xw ---A rht dks ikuh esa foltZu djus ds ckn cgqr nq%[k ls ?kj ykSV vkrh gSAa

Hkkjrh; ,drk ds y{; dk lk/ku fganh Hkk"kk dk çpkj gSA &Vh- ek/kojko fganh fgan dh] fgafn;ksa dh Hkk"kk gSA &j-jk- fnokdj ;g langs fuewy Z gS fd fganh okys mnwZ dk uk'k pkgrs gSAa &jktsUæ çlkn mnwZ tcku cztHkk"kk ls fudyh gSA &eqgEen gqluS vktkn

vad&1 % tuojh] 2017

ISSN Applied

izos'kkad

50 gS fd jke] lpeqp gh ,sfrgkfld iq#"k Fks vkSj lpeqp gh mUgksua s fdlh okuj&tkfr dh lgk;rk ls yadk ij fot; ikbZ FkhA gky gh esa ;g vuqeku Hkh yxus yxk gS fd guqeku uke ,d æfoM+ 'kCn ^vk.keafn* ls fudyk gS] ftldk vFkZ ûj&dfi* gksrk gSA ;gk¡ fQj ;g ckr mYys[kuh; gks tkrh gS fd _xosn esa Hkh ô`"kkdfi* dk uke vk;k gSA okujksa vkSj jk{klksa ds fo"k; esa Hkh vc ;g vuqeku çk;% & MkW- fotsæa çrki flag xzká gks pyk gS fd ;s yksx çkphu foaè;&çns'k vkSj nf{k.k Hkkjr dh vkfnoklh vk;sÙZ kj tkfr;ksa ds lnL; Fks( ;k rks muds eq[k okujksa ds Hkkjr o"kZ esa çpfyr vf/kdka'k fo/kkvks]a mifo/kkvksa ,oa dykvksa esa leku Fks] ftlls mudk uke okuj iM+ x;k vFkok mudh /otkvksa jkek/kkfjr lkfgR; miyCèk gSA ^êwfrZdyk] fp=dyk] ok|dyk] ij okujksa vkSj Hkkyqvksa ds fu'kku jgs gksx a As jkek;.k esa tks rhu dFkk,¡ u`R;dyk] laxhr dyk ds lzkrs f'ko ,oa O;kfIr jke gSAa jke fdrus gS]a muds uk;d Øe'k% jke] jko.k vkSj guqeku gSa vkSj ;s rhu pfj= /keksZa esa O;kIr gS]a ;g gekjs fy, vk'p;Z dk fo"k; gS& ckS)] tSu] rhu laL—fr;ksa ds çrhd gS]a ftudk leUo; vkSj frjks/kku okYehfd ;ksx] v}Sr] osnkar] }Srer] oS".ko] 'kSo vkfn&vkfn ftrus Hkh Hkkjrh; us ,d gh dkO; esa fn[kk;k gSA laHko gS] ;g ckr lp gks fd ^jke] /kekZLFkk ds fo"k; gS]a muesa jke loZ= gSAa lkfgR; vkSj mldh fofoèk jko.k vkSj guqeku ds fo"k; esa igys Lora= vk[;ku&dkO; çpfyr fo/kk,¡&egkdkO;] xhfrdkO;] [kaMdkO;] ,dkFkZd] pai]w :id] mi:id] Fks vkSj blds la;ksx ls jkek;.k dkO; dh mRifÙk gqbZ gSA ftl çdkj dFkk] nwrdkO;] f'y"V dkO; vkfn esa loZ= jke gSAa ** ¼;ksxæas çrki vk;Z vkSj vk;sÙZ kj tkfr;ksa ds èkkfeZd&laLdkjksa ls 'kSo /keZ dh mRifÙk flag] 2009½A jke dkO;] dFkk vFkok jkek;.k egkdkO; dk Hkkjr esa gqbZ mlh çdkj oS".ko /keZ dh jkekJ;h 'kk[kk esa Hkh vk;sÙZ kj tkfr;ksa jk"Vªh; egRo çkIr gS vkSj mlds uk;d jke lai.w kZ ns'kokfl;ksa ds ds ;ksxnku gSA Hkkjr esa laL—fr;ksa dk tks fojkV leUo; ns[kk tkrk fy, loksPZ p vkn'kZ iq#"k gSAa Hkkjr ds vfrfjDr jkedFkk dks ;wjksi] gS] jke&dFkk mldk vR;ar mTToy çrhd gSA çFker% ;g dFkk vesfjdk] :l] phu rFkk tkiku vkfn esa Hkh i;kZIr lEeku çkIr Hkkjr dh HkkSxksfyd ,drk dk çfrfufèkRo djrh gSA ,d gh dFkklw= gqvkA nf{k.k&iwoZ ,f'k;k ds dqN Hkkxksa esa mldh çfr"Bk tkrh; esa v;ks/;k] fdf"da/kk vkSj yadk rhuksa ds ca/k tkus ds dkj.k lai.w kZ egkdkO; ds :i esa jgh gS] vkSj Hkkjr ds vkfLrd ifjokjksa esa rks bl Hkkjr blesa ifjyf{kr gksrk gSA f}rh;r% bl dFkk ij Hkkjr dh dFkk ls lacfa /kr lHkh ik=ksa ds lkFk bruh lejlrk LFkkfir dj yh leLr çeq[k Hkk"kkvksa esa jke dFkk ij vkèkkfjr xzFa kksa dh jpuk gqb]aZ xbZ gS fd muesa ls çR;sd fdlh u fdlh :i esa muds futh thou tks vius&vius {ks= esa i;kZIr yksdfç; jgh gSa rFkk bUgha çpkj ds esa lekfgr gks x;k gSA cgqr ls vkykspdksa us jkedFkk dks vkfn dfo QyLo:i Hkkjrh; laL—fr dh ,d:irk esa cgqr laof` ) gqbAZ laL— dh dYiuk dk peRdkj ekuk gSA vusd o"kksZa rd bfrgkl vkSj r ds /kkfeZd lkfgR; esa jke&dFkk dk :i] vis{kk—r] de O;kid iqjkrRo ds eeZKks]a lkfgR;&leh{kdksa vkSj J)kyq /kkfeZd&tuksa ds jgk fQj Hkh] j?kqo'a k] HkfêdkO;] egkohj&pfjr] mÙkj&jkepfjr] chp jkedFkk dh ,sfrgkfldrk dks ysdj cgl gksrh vk jgh gSA çfrek&ukVd] tkudh&gj.k] dqna ekyk] vu?kZjk?ko] ckyjkek;.k] Hkkjr ljdkj ds iqjkrRo foHkkx us jkek;.k ls lacfa èkr dFkkvksa dh guqekUukVd] v/;kRe&jkek;.k] vn~Hkwr&jkek;.k] vkuan&jkek;.k vkfn okLrfodrk dk irk yxkus ds mís'; ls lacfa/kr LFkyksa ij mR[kuu vusd dkO; çek.k gSa fd Hkkjro"kZ ds fofHkUu {ks=ksa ds dfo;ksa ij dk dk;Z fd;k ijarq lj;w vkSj xaxk tSlh ufn;ks]a ftudh dVko ds okYehfd&jkek;.k dk dkQh xaHkhj çHkko iM+kA tc vk/kqfud dkj.k le;&le; ij /kkjk esa ifjorZu gksrk jgk] ds fdukjs cls gksus ns'k&Hkk"kkvksa dk dky vk;k rc ns'kh&Hkk"kkvksa esa Hkh jkepfjr ij ds dkj.k v;ks/;k esa ,d Hkh iqjko'ks"k ugha fey ldsA jkek;.kdkyhu ,d&ls&,d mÙke i| ,oa x| xzFa k fy[ks x, vkSj vkfndfo ds LFkyksa lkdsr] v;ks/;k] tudiqj] Ük`x a jsoiqj vkSj yadk ds ewy LFkkuksa dkO;&ljksoj dk uhj ihdj Hkkjr dh lHkh Hkk"kkvksa us Lo;a dks dks <w¡<+ fudkyuk rks vfr nq”dj gh gSA yadk dh fLFkfr ds lac/a k laiq"V ,oa le`) fd;kA rfey] rsyx q ]q ey;kye] dUuM] ejkBh] esa Hkh fo}kuksa esa erSD; ugha gSA gk¡] bl ckr ij çk;% fo'o ds fo}ku xqtjkrh] vksfM+;k] caxyk] iatkch] fla/kh] igkM+h] d'ehjh Hkk"kkvksa esa lger gSa fd jkedFkk dk ewy mRl okYehfd dh çtk gS ftlus jkedkO; fy[ks x, gSa vkSj fy[ks tk jgs gSAa vk[;ku ds ewy ;FkkFkZ esa dYiuk ds ia[k yxkdj mls bfrgkl&dkO; çk—r&viHkz'a k esa jkedFkk dk Lo:i çnku fd;kA jkek;.k ls iwoZ bl dFkk dk ladrs Hkkjrh; jkedFkk dh yksdfç;rk us çk—r ,oa viHkz'a k dky esa Hkh lkfgR;dkjks]a lkfgR; esa fo|eku gksxk ijarq dksbZ Li"V çek.k miyCèk u gksus ds nk'kZfudksa rFkk èkkfeZd laçnk;ksa ds çorZdksa dks viuh vksj vk—"V dkj.k leh{kd jkek;.k dk jpuk&dky 12oha ls 8oha 'krh bZlk iwoZ fd;kA yxHkx NBh ls ckjgoha 'krh rd mÙkj Hkkjr esa lkfgR; vkSj ekurs gSAa bl dFkk ls lacfa /kr nksuksa ckS) tkrd jkek;.k ds de ls cksypky esa O;oâr çk—r dh mÙkjkf/kdkfj.kh Hkk"kkvksa dks viHkz'a k de Ng lkS o"kZ ckn ds gSa tcfd tSu&iqjk.k dh dFkk yxHkx Ms<+ dgk x;kA mlds iwoZ ls gh çk—r esa rFkk mlds ckn viHkz'a k esa gtkj o"kZ ckn dh ekuh tkrh gSA okYehfd dk dky rks fufoZokn jkedkO;ksa dh jpuk gqbAZ :i ls ikf.kfu ls iwoZ dk gSA tkrd dFkk,¡ nf{k.k Hkkjrh; ckS) foeylwfj —r îme pfj;a* tSu leqnk; esa jkedFkk ds nks :i fn[kkbZ iM+rs gS]a çFke foeylwfj fHk{kqvksa }kjk lquh lqukbZ ckrksa ds vk/kkj ij jph xbZ FkhaA jkek;.k dh jpuk rhu dFkkvksa dks ysdj iw.kZ gqbAZ igyh dFkk rks dh jke dFkk ijaijk rFkk f}rh; xq.k Hkækpk;Z dh ijaijkA Qknj v;ks/;k ds jktegy dh gS] tks iwohZ Hkkjr esa çpfyr jgh gksxhA dkfey cqYds ds vuqlkj foeylwfj us îme pfj;a* fy[kdj igys nwljh jko.k dh tks nf{k.k esa çpfyr jgh gksxh vkSj rhljh fdf"daèkk igy yksdfç; jke dFkk dks tSu /keZ ds lk¡ps esa <kyus dk ç;Ru okujksa dh] tks oU; tkfr;ksa esa çpfyr jgh gksxhA vkfn dfo us rhuksa fd;kA** ¼dkfey cqYds] jkedFkk] i`-50½A ^^lu~ 660bZ- jfo"ks.k us dks tksMd + j jkek;.k dh jpuk dhA fdar]q mlls Hkh vf/kd laHko ;g bldk laL—r :ikarj fd;k Fkk tks yksd esa în~epfjr* ds uke ls

Hkkjrh; rFkk fons'kh Hkk"kkvksa esa jkedFkk

ifjys[k 'kks/k lanHkZ ¼bZif=dk½

vad&1 % tuojh] 2017

ISSN Applied

izos'kkad 51 çfl) gSA**¼Lokeh djik=h th] jkek;.k&ehekalk] i`-129½ lhrk jko.k dFkkud ds uke ls çfl) jpuk oLrqr% ;ksx'kkL= ij vk/kkfjr gSA jke dk f'kdkj] jko.k vkfn dk ekalkgkjh gksuk] dqHa kd.kZ çojlsu —r ^lsrcq /a k ;k jko.kogks* çojlsu }kjk jfpr ^lsrcq /a k ;k jko.kogks* ¼lsrcq /a k ;k jko.k o/k½ dh 6 ekg dh fuæk] jko.k dk jk{klksa dk jktk gksuk rFkk lqxhz o ds okuj gksus dh dFkkvksa dk o.kZu bl xzFa k esa fd;k x;k gSA mR—”V dksfV dk jkeegkdkO; gSA blesa 1291 i| gSAa vlfe;k esa ^jkedFkk* 'khykpk;Z —r ^jkey[ku pfj;a* ^jkey[ku pfj;a* ewyr% *imiUUegkiqfjl pfj;a* dk jkey[ku fpj;a Jhear 'kadjnso ds vuqlkj ^^vle esa jkek;.k dh iajijk bZ- pkSFkh vad gSA bldk jpukdky 9oha 'krkCnh gSA ¼M‚- —".knÙk voLFkh] 'krh ls ekuh tk ldrh gSA bZ- pkSFkh ls }kn'k 'krh rd çk;% vkB Hkkjrh; ok³e; esa lhrk Lo:i] i`"B la- 125½A bl xzFa k ij dqN lkS o"kZ dh vof/k esa vle esa iq"ikoekZ] 'kkyLraHk vkSj czãiky ds jktoa'ktksa us 'kklu fd;k FkkA buds le; esa jkek;.k vkSj egkHkkjr çHkko foeylwfj ijaijk dk gS rks dqN okYehfd iajijk dkA dh dFkkvksa ds yksd lekt esa dkQh foLrkj fd;k FkkA** ¼jkefot;% la?kkjke —r ôklqnos fgafM* bl xzFa k dh jpuk 500bZ-esa gqbAZ bl xzFa k esa loZçFke lhrk dks jko.k 1568bZ-½A yxHkx lkroha 'krkCnh esa vlfe;k lkfgR; ds çFke dky ds lcls cM+s dfo ek/ko danfy us dNkjh jktk egkekf.kD; ds vkSj eanksnjh dh vkRetk ds :i esa çLrqr fd;k A çksRlkgu ls 14oha 'krkCnh esa okYehfd jkek;.k dk ljy vuqokn xq.kHknzkpk;Z —r ^mÙkjiqjk.k* bl xzFa k esa la?kkjke —r ôklqnos fgafM* dh dFkk dk vuqlj.k fd;k vlfe;k Nan esa fd;kA x;k vkSj blesa Hkh lhrk dks jko.kru;k ds :i esa tuekul ds ,d xhfr dfo nqxkZoj us 16oha 'krh esa ykSfdd okrkoj.k esa xs; Nan esa xhfr&jkek;.k dh jpuk dhA vlfe;k lkfgR; ds f}rh; dky le{k çLrqr fd;k x;kA ¼oS".kodky½ esa ek/ko danfy }kjk vuwfnr jkek;.k dk dqN va'k [kks Hkæs'oj —r ^dgkoyh* bl xzFa k dh jpuk 11oha 'krkCnh esa gqbAZ ;g laf{kIr jkedFkk gSA tkus ds dkj.k bl dky ds ,d çeq[k dfo vkSj lkfgR;dkj 'kadjnso us mÙkj dkaM dks iqu% vuwfnr fd;kA 'kadjnso us gh Hkqourqx a lwfj —r ^lh;k pfj;a* ,oa ^jkeyD[ku pfj;a* bl xzFa k dh dFkk tSu /keZ ds vuqlkj jph xbZA bl jpuk dk ^jkefot;* uked ukVd dh Hkh jpuk dhA dSoY;kuan ¼1811&1886bZjpukdky 11oha 'krkCnh ds vkl&ikl ekuk tkrk gS vkSj ;g bl ½ us ^Jh jkepaæ&tUe ukVd* dh jpuk dhA ¼M‚- —".kukjk;.k dfo dh çFke jkedkO; vk/kkfjr jpuk gSA ;g foeylwfj ds îme çlkn ekx/k] vle esa fganh Hkk"kk rFkk lkfgR; dk fodkl] i`"B lapfj;a* ls çHkkfor jpuk çrhr gksrh gSA f}rh; jpuk 11oha 'krkCnh esa 41½&¼la-lq/kkdj ikaM;s ] caxyk] vlfe;k] vksfM+;k rFkk fganh ¼lajfpr ^jkeyD[ku pfj;a* gSA ¼Lokeh djik=h th] jkek;.k&ehekalk] 2056½A çks- Hkwiæas jk;pkS/kqjh ds vuqlkj vc rd vlfe;k esa vxzfyf[kr i`"B la-130 ½A jkedFkk ls lacfa /kr xzFa kksa dh jpuk ikbZ tkrh gSA iapdkaM jkedkO; Lo;aHkw —r în~e pfjr* ¼ime pfjm½ laL—r] ikfy] çk—r vkfn Hkk"kkvksa esa jfpr jkedFkk dk çHkko ¼ek/ko danfy½] mÙkjdkaM ¼'kadjnso½] vkfndkaM ¼ekèkonso½] yodq'k dkykarj esa viHkz'a k esa fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA viHkz'a k ds çca/kkRed lkfgR; ;q) ¼gfjcj foç½] jkek;.k ¼vuar danfy½] xhfr&jkek;.k ¼nqxkZoj a ;] vn~Hkqr jkek;.k] ds çfrfuf/k dfo Lo;aHkw ¼lR;Hkwnos ½ us îme pfjm* ¼in~epfjr½ dk;LFk½] JhjkedhrZu ¼vuar Bkdqj vkrk½] 'k=qt dFkk jkek;.k ¼j?kq u kFk ega r ½] dFkk&fdf"da / kk ¼f'k"V Hkêkpk;Z½] efgjko.k uke ls jkedFkk çLrqr dhA Lo;aHkw tSu er ds ekuusokys Fks blfy, buds xzFa k esa jfpr jkedFkk tSu ijaijk ls çHkkfor gSA tSu ijaijk o/k ¼Jhpan Hkkjrh½] ikrkfydkaM jkek;.k ¼iapkuu½] lhrk ouokl dh jke dFkk okYehfd jkek;.k dh dFkk ls fHkUu gSA jkedFkk ij ¼xaxkjke nkl½] x.kd pfj= ¼/kuat;½] ukxk{k ;q) ¼Hkonso foç½] vk/kkfjr îme pfjm* ckjg gtkj inksa okyh —fr gSA tSu er esa efgjko.k o/k] 'krLda/kjko.k o/k ¼vn~Hkqr vkpk;Z½] yodqVkj ;q) jktk jke ds fy, in~e 'kCn dk ç;ksx fd;k tkrk gS] blfy, Lo;aHkw ¼xaxknkl½] jkek'os/k ¼Hkokuhnkl½] jko.k o/k ¼vKkr½] lhrk gj.k dh jkek;.k dks în~e pfjr* ¼ime pfjm½ dgk x;kA ;g —fr ¼HkksykukFk nkl½] yo.k o/k ¼nqxkZçlkn 'kekZ Qqdu½] jke ouokl] fo|k/kjdkaM] vk;ksè;kdkaM] lanq jdkaM] ;q)dkaM vkSj mRrjdkaM ds lhrk gj.k] ckyh o/k] yodq'k ;q)] yo.k nSR; o/k ¼rhFkZukFk :i esa dqy ik¡p [kaMksa esa foHkkftr gSA blds vfrfjDr budh rhu xksLokeh½] T;ksfr jkek;.k ¼T;ksfr çlkn vxzoky½ bR;kfnA ¼çksvU; jpuk,¡ Hkh feyrh gS& a 1- fjë.ksfe pfjm 2- x;dqekj pfjm 3- HkwiUs æ jk;pkS/kqjh] vlfe;k jke&lkfgR; dh ijaijk] i`- 130&131½& Lo;aHkw NanA M‚- ukeoj flag us Lo;aHkw dks viHkz'a k dk okYehfd ekuk ¼la- ;ksxæas çrki flag] Hkkjrh; Hkk"kkvksa esa jkedkO;] 2009½ a ^^¼Jhear 'kadjnso] gSA ¼M‚- ukeoj flag] fganh ds fodkl esa viHkz'a k dk ;ksx] i`"B 181½ jkedFkk fo"k;d vlfe;k ukVdksa esa çeq[k gS& jkefot;& 1958bZ ½] ¼fuR;kua n ns o ] ekjhp o/k&1750bZ -½] ¼nhu xksiky] iq"inar —r êgkiqjk.k* nloha 'krkCnh esa jfpr ;g jpuk vkfniqjk.k rFkk mÙkjiqjk.k nks nqokZlk Hkkstu&1750bZ-] lhrk gj.k&1750bZ- ls iwo]Z lhrk o.kZu&1750bZHkkxksa esa foHkDr gSA blesa dqy 102 laf/k;k¡ gSAa bl dFkk esa xq.kHkækpk;Z ls iwo½Z ¼dSoY;kuan nso] jke tUe&1782bZ- iwo½Z ] fo'oEHkj nso] dh ijaijk dk vuqlkj.k fd;k x;k gSA ¼M‚- lHkkifr feJ] çk—r ckfyoèk&1750 ls 1800bZ-½] ¼jkepaæ nso] jke ouokl&1750 ls 1800 bZ-½] ¼vuUrnso] fla/kqefu o/k] 1750 ls 1800bZ-½] ¼HkDrjatu nso] vkSj viHkz'a k lkfgR; esa jkedFkk] i`"B la-214½ y{e.k 'kfä'ksy&1750 ls 1800bZ-½] jkeuan nso xksLokeh&1750 ls jb/kw —r în~eiqjk.k* ;k ^cyg pfjm* tSu dfo jb/kw dfo dk lkfgR; uke flaglsu FkkA bl xzFa k dh jpuk 1800bZ-½] ¼ijaekuan nso xksLokeh] ikrkyh dkaM] jko.k oèk&1750 ls 16oha 'krkCnh esa gqbAZ bldh çFke laf/k esa jkedFkk] nwljh laf/k esa 1800 bZ½] ¼Hkænso vkrk] lhrk gj.k&1817 bZ- iwo½Z ] ¼y{eh nso vkrk] jko.k fnfXot;] r`rh; laf/k esa guqer mRifÙk] n'kjFk vkSj tud dh jko.k o/k&1840 bZ- iwo½Z ] ¼;ksx's oj] vgY;k gj.k&1846 bZ-iwo½Z ] ¼— ".kdkar] gfj gj yh&1850 bZ- iwo½Z ] ¼xksiky] ikrkyh dkaM&1850 bZdFkk,¡ gSAa iwo½Z ] ¼jekdkar] ikrkyh dkaM&1850 bZ- iwo½Z ] ¼t;nso] jke ouokl&1850 gsepaæ lwfj —r ^tSu jkek;.k* ifjys[k 'kks/k lanHkZ ¼bZif=dk½

vad&1 % tuojh] 2017

ISSN Applied

izos'kkad 52 bZ- iwo½Z ] ¼t;ukFk nso] lhrk gj.k vFkok okfyo/k&1968 bZ- iwo½Z ] jkeksik[;ku çLrqr fd;kA ijarq dfo cyjkenkl }kjk jfpr jkek;.k ¼eksgupaæ] eSjko.ko/k&1968 bZ- iwo½Z ] ¼jke#æ vkrk] lhrkgj.k&1870 mM+hlk dk lokZf/kd yksdfç; xzFa k ekuk tkrk gSA cyjkenkl dh bZ- iwo½Z ] ¼nkeksnj] jkek'os/k&1870] jke LoxkZjksg.k 1877 ls 1900 bZ- ^txeksgu jkek;.k* vius vuwBs çlaxksa ds fy, Hkh fo[;kr gSA iw-½] ¼iw.kZdkar] yadkngu&1890 bZ- iwo½Z ] ¼jekdkar] jko.k o/k&1977 ^^ljyknkl —r egkHkkjr ds yksdfç; Nan ^nkaMh* dk ç;ksx dj iwjh bZ-] 'krLda/kjko.ko/k &1977 ls 1900½] ¼fpajthonkl] lhrk ikrky jkek;.k dh jpuk djus ds dkj.k bls nkaMh jkek;.k Hkh dgk tkrk xeu&1892 bZ- iwo½Z ] ¼deykdkar] dihaæ fot;&1892 bZ-½] ¼o`na kou gSA** ¼M‚- vt; dqekj iVuk;d] vksfM+;k jkek;.k] egkdfo cyjke nso xksLokeh] Jhjkepaæ&1850 la 1881 bZ-½] ¼oklqnos nkl] y{e.k dk lkal—frd vuq'khyu] i`- 92½A mudh ;g —fr ^nf{k.kh jkek;.k^ otZu&1850 ls 1900 bZ-½] ¼ekf.kdpaæ f}t] y{e.k fnXfot;&1850 Hkh dgykrh gSA blds ckn 19oha 'krh esa vk/kqfud ;qx esa Qdhj ls 1900 bZ-½] ¼nÙk nso] lhrk v;ks/;k xeu&1850 ls 1900 bZ-½] ¼nhu eksgu lsukifr us ^jkek;.k* dk i|kuqokn fd;kA ^jkefoHkk* uked ukFk] lhrk ouokl&1870 ls 1920 bZ-½ bR;kfn ¼çks- HkwiUs æ jk;pkS/kqjh] yach dfork dh jpuk vtZunkl uked dfo us dh A vlfe;k jke&lkfgR; dh ijaijk] i`"B la- 146&148½&¼la- ;ksxæas dUuM esa jkedFkk çrki flag] Hkkjrh; Hkk"kkvksa esa jkedkO;] 2009½ M‚- t‚tZdêq h cVksÙk ds vuqlkj ^^Hkkjr dh çkarh; Hkk"kkvksa esa lcls v/;kRejkek;.k ¼Jhjke vkrk ,oa Jhjkenso pfygk½] mÙkjdkaM igys dUuM esa jkek;.k dh jpuk gqbAZ **¼M‚- t‚tZdêq h cVksÙk] ey;kye ¼deys'oj pfygk½] jkepfjrekul ¼rqylhnklh jkek;.k½&¼Jhdkar lkfgR; vkSj jkedFkk] i`"B la- 33½A dUuM esa dfo ukxpaæ ¼1140 bZlw;Z foç½ vkfn laL—r ,oa fganh ls vuwfnr jkedFkk,¡ gSAa ¼çks- Hkwiæas ½ jkedkO; dk vkjaHkdrkZ ekuk tkrk gSA dUuM lkfgR; ds lu~ 950 jk; pkS/kqjh] vlfe;k jke&lkfgR; dh ijaijk] i`-149½&¼la- ;ksxæas ls 1150 rd ds iai ;qx esa ,d vR;ar çfl) dfo gq, ukxpaæ] çrki flag] Hkkjrh; Hkk"kkvksa esa jkedkO;] 2009½ ftUgksua s îai Hkkjr* dk vuqlj.k djrs gq, jkek;.k dh jpuk dhA caxyk esa jkedFkk bUgksua s jkepaæpfju iqjk.k vFkok iai jkek;.k dUuM dh jpuk dhA caxyk Hkk"kk ds lkfgR; ds fodkl dh /kkjk ij fopkj djus ij ge M‚- Vh-vkj- Hkê ds vuqlkj ^^lu 950 ds djhc iksBu uked dfo ikrs gSa fd çkjaHk dk eè;dkyhu lkfgR; ¼1350 ls 1600 rd½ ds us ^HkqouSD; jkekH;qn;* uked paiw dkO; fy[kk gSA ysfdu ;g xzFa k nkSjku caxyk ds lar dfo iafMr frokl vks>k us ^jkek;.k ikapkyh^ vc rd miyC/k ugha gSA blds ckn ^dqenq nas q jkek;.k*]*jkefot; uked jkek;.k dh jpuk dhA bUgsa ek/;fed caxyk ds çFke egkdfo dkO;*] ^mRrj jkek;.k*] ^v}Sr jkek;.k*] êwyd jkek;.k*] êkdZM a ;s ds :i esa tkuk tkrk gSA 15oha 'krkCnh esa jfpr ;g jkek;.k caxyk jkek;.k*] ^'kadj jkek;.k*] *v/;kRe jkek;.k*] êwycy jkek;.k*] tuthou dk daBgkj gSA ik¡p lky esa mUgksua s vius bl vej xzFa k ^jkedFkkH;qn;*] *fu#eys”k pfjrs*] ojnfoëy jkek;.k*] *jkedFkkorkj*] dks iwjk fd;kA laL—r jkek;.k dks caxyk esa çLrqr djus okys os ^ftu jkek;.k*] ^vn~Hkqr jkek;.k*] ^jkek'oes/k*] ^Jhjke iêkfHk"ksd*] igys dfo Fks ftUgksua s jke dk fp=.k okYehfd dh rjg 'kq) ekuo ^'ks"k jkek;.k vkfn jkedFkk ij vk/kkfjr xzFa k dUuM esa çkIr gksrs gSAa vkSj ohj iq#"k ds :i esa u djrs gq, Hkxoku ds d#.kke; vorkj ¼M‚- Vh-vkj-Hkê] dUuM esa jkedFkk vkSj rksjos jkek;.k] i`- 1½A ds :i esa fd;k ftldh vksj lh/kh lknh Hkfäe; turk dk ân; rRi'pkr 15oha 'krkCnh ls 19oha 'krkCnh ds ^dqekj O;kl dky* esa lgt Hkko ls vkdf"kZr gks ldrk FkkA ¼lquhfr dqekj pkVqt;~Z ] caxyk ujgfj vFkok dqekj okYehfd uked ,d dfo us okYehfd jkek;.k Hkk"kk rFkk lkfgR;] i`"B 16½&[la- lq/kkdj ikaM;s ] caxyk] vlfe;k] ds vk/kkj ij rksjos jkek;.k dh jpuk dhA dUuM lkfgR; esa bls vksfM+;k rFkk fganh ¼la- 2056½] ,d Js"B —fr ds :i esa ekU;rk çkIr gSA blh ;qx dh vafre fuR;kuan vkpk;Z ¼vn~Hkqrkpk;Z½ dh ^vk'p;Z jkek;.k*] dfopaæ —r mUuhloha 'krh esa nsopanj uked ,d tSu dfo us ^jkedFkkorkj* ^vaxn jk;ckj*] j?kquna u xksLokeh —r ^jke jlk;u* rFkk paækorh dh fy[kdj tSu jkek;.k dh ijaijk dks vkxs c<+k;kA bl 'krh ds var ^jkek;.k xkFkk*A caxky ds ,d {ks= fo'ks"k esa frokl vks>k ds ckn esa eqí.k uked ,d vR;ar lQy dfo us vn~Hkqr jkek;.k uked paækorh dh jkedFkk ds in csgn yksdfç; gSAa ^froklh jkek;.k* dh ljl dkO;—fr dh jpuk dhA egÙkk ij çdk'k Mkyrs gq, M‚- lqdeq kj lsu dgrs gSa fd ^^frokl dh d'ehjh esa jkedFkk jkek;.k caxyk lkfgR; dk ,d ç/kku dkO; gSA jpuk ds i'pkr ls rsjgoha lnh esa d'ehjh Hkk"kk esa lkfgR; l`tu vkjaHk gqvkA lu 1750 gh ;g dkO; tSlk vHkwriwoZ lEeku çkIr djrk pyk vk jgk gSA ls 1900 ds e/; ds çsek[;ku dky esa çdk'k jke us jkek;.k dh oSlk vknj dk'khjke nkl ds egkHkkjr dks NksMd + j fdlh rhljs jpuk dhA 18oha 'krh ds var esa fnokdj çdk”k Hkê us Hkh ^d'ehjh caxyk dkO; dks çkIr ugha gqvkA ¼M‚- lqdeq kj lsu] ckaxyk lkfgR;sj jkek;.k^ dh jpuk dhA M‚- f'kcu —".k jS.kk ds vuqlkj d'ehjh dFkk&vuqokn] HkksykukFk 'kekZ½A ^^bl jkek;.k esa dqy Ng dkaM gS& a dkO; esa oS".koHkfä dk fu:i.k mUuhloha 'krkCnh ds vklikl ls 1- vkfndkaM] 2- vk;ks/;kdkaM] 3- vj.;dkaM] 4- fdf"daèkkdkaM] 5- ns[kus dks feyrk gSA d'ehj esa oS".ko&Hkfä ds çpkj&çlkj dk Js; lqna jdkaM rFkk 6- yadkdkaMA** ¼M‚- vuqt çrki flag] froklh mu ?kqeDdM+ lk/kqvks]a larksa ,oa oS".ko Hkätuksa dks tkrk gS] tks jkek;.k dk lkaL—frd vuq'khyu] i`- 104½ mUuhloha 'krkCnh esa e/; Hkkjr ls bl çns'k esa vk, vkSj jke&—".k vksfM+;k esa jkedFkk Hkfä dk lw=ikr fd;kA mUuhloha 'krkCnh esa ços'k fd;k vkSj vksfM+;k dk lkfgR; okLrfod :i esa tu lkfgR; gSA vksfM+;k&lkfgR; jkedFkk fo"k;d lqna j dkO; jpukvksa dh l`f"V gqb]Z ftuesa çdk'kjke ds çFke tkrh; dfo ljyknkl us ^foyadk jkek;.k*] lIrdkaM —r ^jkekorkjpfjr* d'ehjh dkO; ijaijk esa viuh lqna j o.kZu&'kSyh] jkek;.k vkfn dh jpuk dhA dVd ftys dh >adMokfluh nsoh paMh Hkfä&foºoyrk] dFkk&la;kstu rFkk dkO;&lkS"Bo dh –f"V ls ds ojçlkn ls dfoRo çkIr djus okys jkek;.k ds vfrfjDr cgqr fo'ks"k egRo j[krk gSA ^jkekorkjpfjr* dh ewydFkk dk vkèkkj lh dkyt;h jpuk,¡ lekt dks nhA vtquZ nkl us ^jke foHkk* uke ls ;|fi okYehfd —r jkek;.k gS] rFkkfi dFkklw= dks dfo us viuh ifjys[k 'kks/k lanHkZ ¼bZif=dk½

vad&1 % tuojh] 2017

ISSN Applied

izos'kkad

çfrHkk vkSj –f"V ds vuq:i <kyus dk lqna j ç;kl fd;k gSA ^jkekorkjpfjr* d'ehjh Hkk"kk&lkfgR; es a miyC/k jkedFkk&dkO;&ijaijk dk ,d cgqeYw ; dkO;&xzFa k gS] ftlesa dfo us jkedFkk dks Hkko&foHkksj gksdj xk;k gSA dfo dh o.kZu&'kSyh ,oa dYiuk 'kfä bruh çHkko'kkyh ,oa LFkkuh; jaxr ls ljkcksj gS fd yxrk gS ^jkekorkjpfjr* dh leLr ?kVuk,¡ v;ksè;k] tudiqjh] yadk vkfn esa u ?kVdj d'ehj&eaMy esa gh ?kV jgh gSAa ^jkekorkjpfjr* dh lcls cM+h fo'ks"krk ;gh gS vkSj ;gh mls ^fof'k"V* cukrh gSAa ^d'ehfj;r* dh vuwBh jaxr esa luh ;g dkO;—fr lai.w kZ Hkkjrh; jkedkO;&ijaijk esa viuk fo'ks"k LFkku j[krh gSAa ¼M‚- f'kcu —".k jS.kk] d'ehjh dkO; esa jkedFkk½ xqtjkrh esa jkedFkk 14oha 'krh esa vk'kklr us xqtjkrh esa jkeyhyk fo"k;d inkoyh dh jpuk dhA fQj 15oha 'krh esa Hkky.k us lhrk Lo;aoj vFkok jke&fookg uked jkedkO; çLrqr fd;kA xqtjkrh lkfgR; esa ;gh çkphure jkedkO; ekus tkrs gSAa orZeku esa lewps xqtjkr esa 19oha 'krkCnh dh fxjèkjnkl ^jkek;.k^ loZJ"s B vkSj lokZf/kd yksdfç; ekuh tkrh gSA blds vfrfjä xqtjkrh lkfgR; esa Hkky.k —r jkepfjr ,oa jkeckypfjr rFkk m)o —r m)ojkek;.k Hkh mYys[kuh; gSA rfey jkek;.k rfey Hkk"kk æfoM+ Hkk"kk ifjokj dh çkphure Hkk"kk ekuh tkrh gS vkSj egf"kZ vxLR; blds tud dgs tkrs gSAa rfey lkfgR; ds çcaèkdky esa vkt ls yxHkx 12 lkS o"kZ iwoZ pØorhZ egkdfo dacu gq,] ftUgksua s ^dacjkek;.k* uked çca/k dkO; dh jpuk dhA dqN fo}ku dacu vkSj mudh jkek;.k dks 12oha 'krkCnh dk ekurs gSa vkSj ;g Hkh ekuk tkrk gS fd egkdfo dacu xksLokeh rqylhnkl ls de ls de pkj lkS o"kZ iwoZ gq, FksA dacjkek;.k esa 10 gtkj 50 in gSa vkSj ;g ckydkaM ls ;q)dkaM rd 6 dkaMksa esa foHkä gSA muds jps gq, X;kjg xzFa k vkSj gS]a ij lokZf/kd çfl) ^dacjkek;.k* gh gSA blesa dfo us æfoM+ lH;rk dk o.kZu fo'ks"k :i ls fd;k gSA rsyx q q esa jkedFkk rsyx q q lkfgR; ds nwljs iqjk.k ;qx ¼lu 1050 ls 1500 rd½ esa lcls igys jaxukFk jkek;.k ¼lu 1280½ vkSj fQj HkkLdj jkek;.k ¼14oha 'krh½ dh jpuk gqbAZ HkkLdj jkek;.k dks rsyx q q dk lcls dykRed jkedkO; ekuk tkrk gSA rsyx q q lkfgR; ds Lo.kZ ;qx ¼çca/k ;qx½ esa vuqoknksa dh ijaijk #d xbZ vkSj dfo;ksa dh #fp ekSfyd çca/k fy[kus dh vksj c<+hA mlh Øe esa rsyx q q dh pkj efgyk jkek;.kdkjksa us viuh&viuh —fr;k¡ çLrqr dhaA ;s Fkha& e/kqjok.kh dh ^j?kqukFk jkek;.k^] 'khjHkq lqHkækack dh ^lqHkæk jkek;.k^] pscjksyq ljLorh dh ^ljLorh jkek;.k^ rFkk eksYy dh êksYy jkek;.kÂ 16oha 'krkCnh esa eksYy uked dqEgkfju }kjk jfpr êksYy jkek;.k^ tulk/kkj.k esa vR;f/kd yksdfç; gSA rsyqxq lkfgR; dh loZçFke dof;=h vkrqdwfj eksYy rqylhnkl ls yxHkx 200 o"kZ iwoZ gqbZ FkhaA vius xq# xksioje ds JhdaB eYys'k dh —ik ls eksYy dfork djuk lh[k xbZA êksYy jkek;.k^ dk vc fganh vuqokn Hkh miyC/k gSA rsyqxq esa çeq[k :i ls nks ^mÙkj jkek;.k* fy[ks x, ftuesa ls çFke dk foHkqMq rFkk foVBy foHkqMq rFkk nwljs dh jpuk vka/kz ds usYyw: ftys ds dfo dadafVikijktq us 16oha lnh esa dhA ¼M‚- vkbZ-,upaæ'ks[kj jsìh] rsyqxq dh jke dkO; ijaijk vkSj jaxukFk jkek;.k] i`"B] la-41½A v¸;yjktq jkeHkæ —r jkekH;qn;& lu~ 1514] j?kqukFk ifjys[k 'kks/k lanHkZ ¼bZif=dk½

uk;d —r j?kqukFk jkek;.keq&1535] dêk ojnjktq —r dêk ojnjktq jkek;.k] dwpeafp frEEkdfo —r mPp rsyx q q jkek;.k&18oha lnh] Jh xksfiukFk osd a V —r xksfiukFk jkek;.k&19oha lnh] Jh okfoy dksyuq lqCckjko —r Jhenka/kz okYehfd jkek;.k] fo'oukFk lR;ukjk;.k — r Jhen~jkek;.k dYio`{ke~] xqaMq y{e.k —r vkuan jkek;.k] JhdapyZ'kjHk —r vk/;kRe jkek;.k] Jh,e-,l- jkekjko jfpr xhfr jkek;.k vkfn rsyx q q esa jfpr çeq[k jkedFkk vk/kkfjr xzFa k gSAa buds vfrfjDr dk.kkneq] lkse;kft] ekfeMUu lqHkækack] cqyl q q osd a Vs'ojyq] JhokfoYy jkeLokfe 'kkL=h] nsojkt lqf/k] uksfj xq#fyax 'kkL=h] Mksì osd a Vjkfe jsìh] jljLorqy lqCcjke 'kkL=h] Jhikn lqcez .; 'kkL=h] iqfjiaMkvIiy Lokeh] m"kkJh vkfn lkfgR;dkjksa us rsyx q q Hkk"kk esa jkedFkk ij vk/kkfjr xzFa kksa dh jpuk dh gSA iatkch esa jkedFkk [kkylk iaFk ds laLFkkid fl[kksa ds nlosa xq# xksfoan flag th u dsoy /keZ xq# Fks oju os ,d egku lar] ;ks)k vkSj dfo Hkh FksA muds }kjk jps x, dqy 11 xzFa kksa esa ls ,d ^jkekorkj* dks ^xksfoan jkek;.k* dgk tkrk gSA iatkch Hkk"kk dh ;g egku jpuk laHkor% lu~ 1698 esa iw.kZ gqbZ FkhA xq# th dh jkedFkk esa /keZ ;q) ds ?kko dk Hkko gh [kwc mtkxj gqvk gSA ^xksfoan jkek;.k^ ls dqy 864 Nan gSa ftuesa 400 ls vf/kd Nanksa esa dsoy ;q) dk gh o.kZu gSA fofp= ukVd dh Hkk"kk ewyr% czt iatkch fefJr gSA blds igys v/;k; esa 101 Nan gSAa blesa jkedFkk ds ik=ksa dk vfr laf{kIr mYys[k feyrk gS] ftlls iatkch esa jkedFkk iwoZ ls çpfyr gksus dk çek.k iwokZHkkl gksrk gSA ^jkekorkj % pkSchl vorkj* 1755 foØeh laor dh jpuk ekuh tkrh gSA blesa dqy 864 Nan gSAa ¼M‚- t; çdk'k] iatkc dh laL—fr vkSj jkedkO; ijaijk] i`- 171] 172] 173½ ejkBh esa jkedFkk jkedFkk ls lacfa /kr xzFa k jpuk dk dk;Z ejkBh esa Jhx.ks'k 'kSY; }kjk fd;k x;k fdarq budk dksbZ Hkh xzFa k myiC/k ugha gks ik;k gSA fdaonafr;ksa ,oa yksd thou esa çpfyr dgkfu;ksa ds vk/kkj ij gh ;g ekuk tkrk gS fd jkedFkk dk çkjaHk bUgha ds }kjk fd;k x;kA egkjk"Vª esa iSB.k uked LFkku esa tUes lar ,dukFk ¼tks fd xksLokeh rqylhnkl ds ledkyhu Fks½ us ^HkkokFkZ jkek;.k* dh jpuk dh FkhA buds ^HkkokFkZ jkek;.k* dk ewy lzkrs okYehfd jkek;.k gSA bl xzFa k ds lac/a k esa mYys[kuh; rF; gS fd ,dukFk Lokeh ;q)dkaM ds pokyhl v/;k; gh fy[k ik, Fks fd mudk LoxZokl gks x;kA bl dkj.k 'ks"k Hkkx muds f'k"; ^xkock* us iwjk fd;kA buds ckn ejkBh jke dFkk dk mYys[kuh; xzFa k gS Jh—".knkl eqnx ~ y —r jkek;.k] ftldk dsoy ;q)dkaM gh miyC/k gSA ^^buds ;q) dkaM esa dqy 78 v/;k; vkSj 8000 vksfo;ka gSAa ** ¼M‚- f=Hkqou jk;] ejkBh esa jkedFkk dh ijaijk] yksd yhou ,oa tupsruk ds lanHkZ es]a i`- 80½A ^la{ksi jkek;.k* dh jpuk bZ- lu 1620 esa lar ,dukFk ds ukrh dfo eqDrs'oj }kjk dh xbZA bl jkek;.k esa dsoy lqna jdkaM vkSj ;q)dkaM dks gh 661 'yksdksa ds ek/;e ls çLrqr fd;k x;k gSA dfo eqDrs'oj us blds vfrfjDr ^çlUu jk?ko* rFkk ^guqeUukVd* dh jpuk dhA lkf/kdk os.kkckbZ us Hkh ^jkek;.k* dh jpuk dhA egkdfo okeu iafMr us ^lhrk Lo;aoj* rFkk ^Hkjr Hkko* uked nks —fr;ksa dh jpuk dhA dfo ukxs'k us ^lhrk Lo;aoj* ,d nh?kZ vk[;ku dkO; dh jpuk dhA Jh/kj Lokeh us bZ-la- 1703 esa ^jke fot;* uked egkdkO; jpkA fxj/kj Lokeh }kjk ^vCn jkek;.k* dh jpuk dh xbZA bu lcds ckn

vad&1 % tuojh] 2017

ISSN Applied

izos'kkad

ejkBh jkedFkk vkèkkfjr xzFa kksa ds jpuk ds {ks= esa cgqr egRoiw.kZ ;ksxnku dfo eksjks iar dk ekuk tkrk gSA bUgksua s ^^fofHkUu Nanksa ,oa 'kSfy;ksa esa dqy 108 NksVs cM+s jkek;.kksa dh jpuk djds ejkBh jkedFkk ijaijk esa vius gh <ax dk çfreku LFkkfir fd;kA buds 108 esa ls vc rd dqy 106 jkek;.k gh miyC/k gSAa ** ¼M‚- f=Hkqou jk;] ejkBh esa jkedFkk dh ijaijk] yksd thou ,oa tupsruk ds lanHkZ es]a i`- 84½A mi;qDZ r ds vfrfjDr vusd —fr;ksa dks vxzfyf[kr :i esa ns[kk tk ldrk gSA ^vksohc) jkek;.k&es: Lokeh* ^yksdc) jkek;.k&dfo ek/ko] dfo vkuan ru;*] ^fpn~cks/k jkek;.k] jked.kkZer` ] ea= jkek;.k] fuoks"Z B jk?ko pfjr& dfo fujatu ek/ko* bR;kfnA eqDrinksa ,oa xhrkRed 'kSyh esa vusd jpuk,¡ ejkBh jke lkfgR; esa jph xbZA buesa ^jke ek>k ouk xsyk] dlk eyk Vkdqfu xsyk jke] df/ka esVy s j?kqifr&,dukFk*] ^v'kksdP;k ouha lhrk&rqdkjke*] ^/kko js jkejk;k] tkma udks js jkek] i‘Foh rqyk jk?ko uhjchyk] N= 'kj;wrhj] /kU; v;ksè;iqjh&fnudj*] *çk.kfolkaP;k jkek&j?kqukFk iafMr*] *lt.k l[kk jke ek>k&foëyohMdj*] ^Hkwfeokyk Hk`.ks u`ikyk&ve`rjk;*] ^JhjkeE;ka ifjf.kyk&xksfoan o.khdj*] ^dkS'kY;k e`.ks ok jkek] ek÷;k jkekyk vk.kk dksf.ktk xs&ek/ko*] ek÷;kckBk&ckyk*] *j?kqohjk&thou ru;* vkfn çeq[k gSAa ¼–"VO;& çkphu xhr HkkaMkj] laiknd uk-x- tks'kh½A ejkBh ds lqçfl) 'kk;j ij'kqjke us ykof.k;ksa ds ek/;e ls jkedFkk dk çpkj fd;kA ejkBh dk çkphu lkfgR; rks jkedFkk esa /kuk<î jgk gh gSA vk/kqfud dky ds jpukdkjksa us Hkh bl fn'kk esa i;kZIr ys[ku fd;k gSA ^ou fogkj ¼1912½] j.k fogkj ¼1916½] x`g fogkj ¼1918½ ¼rhuksa egkdkO;½&Jhxksiky xksfoan etwenkj] jk?kohj ¼1961&1936½&fo|kèkj okeu fHkMs] xhr jkek;.k ¼1957½& x-n- ekMxwydj vkfn çeq[k gSAa blds vfrfjDr ejkBh esa jkedFkk ij vk/kkfjr vusd ukVdksa dh Hkh jpuk gqbZ gSA lhrk Lo;aoj ¼1843½&fo".kqnkl Hkkos] lhrk Lo;aoj&ia[kkfMydj] Hkwfe dU;k lhrk ¼1955½&eke ojsjdj vkfn çeq[k gSAa ey;kye esa jkedFkk ey;kye esa jkek;.k dh jpuk 14oha 'krkCnh ls çkjaHk gqbAZ pkSngoha 'krkCnh esa ^jkek;.k* ds ;q) dkaM dh dFkk ds vk/kkj ij çkphu fr#oukadksj ds jktk us jkepfjr uked dkO; xzFa k dh jpuk dhA blh 'krh esa dfo jkeIif.kdj us xs; Nanksa esa ^df.k''k jkek;.k* dh jpuk dhA blds ckn jkedFkk&ikV~Vq jpk x;kA fQj okYehfd jkek;.k ds vuqokn ds :i esa ^dsjy oekZ jkek;.k* dh jpuk gqbAZ ey;kye Hkk"kk ds lokZf/kd yksdfç; jkedkO; ds :i esa lu~ 1600 ds yxHkx ,GqÙkpu }kjk ^v/;kRe jkek;.k* dk vuqokn çLrqr fd;k x;kA M‚- t‚tZdêq h cVksÙk ds vuqlkj ey;kye esa uhyapfs jy 'kadju uk;j ¼bZ-19oha 'krh½ —r ^lhrkigj.k*] ijowj,fG;Ùk dksPpEckyh vk'kku ¼bZ-19oha 'krh½ —r ^yadkngu* dkO; jkek;.k vk/kkfjr dFkkvksa ,oa midFkkvksa ij vk/kkfjr çeq[k dkO; xzFa k gSAa phjkeu HkDr dfo —r ^jkepfjre* ey;kye dh y{k.k;qDr çFke lkfgfR;d dkO; — fr gSA ¼M‚- t‚tZdêq h cVksÙk] ey;kye lkfgR; vkSj jkedFkk] i`33½A ^d..k'kjkek;.k&fu.ke jkeu] *Jhjkepfjr ¼1933½&th- dafq tjkeu uk;j] ^vgY;keks{k ¼bZ-1966½&fo".kqukjk;.k uairw jh] ^vgY;k* ¼bZ1970½&ih- dqfa tjkeu uk;j vkfn çeq[k dkO; jpuk,¡ gSAa buds vfrfjDr ^jkek;.k*&ukyqdfs êy —".k esuu] ^lhrk Lo;aoj*&daftdqêu raijq ku] ^lhrkgj.k*&uhyapjs h 'kadju uk;j] ^jko.kiq=*&iYyRrq jkeu] ifjys[k 'kks/k lanHkZ ¼bZif=dk½

^yadkjko.kikfyrk*&ekV'ksjh ek/ko okfj;j] ^iq"iofV*] frDdksfV;u] ^dkapulhrk*&JhdaBu uk;j vkfn jke dFkk ij vk/kkfjr ukVd gSAa ¼M‚- t‚tZdêq h cVksÙk] ey;kye lkfgR; vkSj jkedFkk] i`- 34&35½ usikyh esa jkedFkk 19oha 'krkCnh esa dfo HkkuqHkDr us ^HkkuqHkDr jkek;.k* uke ls usikyh Hkk"kk esa lai.w kZ jkek;.k fy[khA bl jkek;.k dk vkt usiky esa ogh eku gS] tks Hkkjr esa rqylh —r ^jkepfjrekul* dk gSA bl jpuk dk çdk'ku 1954 esa gqvkA bldk fganh vuqokn Jh uandqekj vkekR; vkSj lqJh ris'ojh vkekR; }kjk fd;k x;k tks fd lu 1990 esa çdkf'kr gqvkA blds vfrfjDr lqna jkuan jkek;.k Hkh çeq[k jkedFkk gSA ,d usikyh caèk t; cgknqj ds vuqlkj blds vfrfjDr Hkh usiky esa jkedFkk ij vk/kkfjr cgqr lh dFkk,¡ o midFkk,¡ çpfyr gSAa vjch&Qkjlh esa jkedFkk l¸;n ,l-dej ds vuqlkj vdcj ckn'kkg us loZçFke jkek;.k dk i|kuqokn Qkjlh esa eqYyk vCnqj dkfnj cnk;wua h ls djok;kA 'kkgtgka dky esa jkek;.k dk x|kuqokn ^jkek;.k QSth* ds uke ls gqvkA Qkjlh dfo 'ks[k lknh elhg us 1623 esa loZçFke ekSfyd :i ls ^nkLrkus jke , lhrk* uke ls jkedFkk fy[khA tgkaxhj ds le; eqYyk elhg us ^elhgh jkek;.k* uked ekSfyd jkek;.k fy[kh] ftldk çdk'ku 1888 esa eq'a kh uoy fd'kksj çsl y[kuÅ ls gqvkA vkSjx a tsc ds 'kkludky esa Hkh paæHkku csfny us jkek;.k dk Qkjlh esa i|kuqokn fd;kA uokc okftnvyh 'kkg ds dky esa ^jkepfjrekul* dks mnwZ esa Nkik x;kA mnwZ Qkjlh vjch esa yxHkx 160 ,slh iqLrdsa gSa ftuesa jke dk o.kZu gSA egkRek xka/kh dk'kh fo|ihB dh Nk=k uktuhu valkjh us guqeku pkyhlk dks mnwZ esa fyfic) fd;k gS vkSj ;g Nk=k ^jkepfjrekul* dks Hkh mnwZ esa fyfic) dj jgh gSA fons'kksa esa jkedFkk Jhyadk vkSj cekZ esa jkek;.k dbZ :iksa esa çpfyr gSA cekZ esa cgqr ls uke jke ds uke ij gSAa jkekorh uxj rks jke uke ds Åij gh LFkkfir gqvk FkkA vejiqj ds ,d fogkj esa jke] y{e.k] lhrk vkSj guqeku ds fp= vkt rd vafdr gSAa yadkifr dqekjnkl us ^tkudh gj.k* uked xzFa k dh jpuk dhA bldk jpukdky dkfynkl ds ledkyhu ekuk tkrk gSA eysf'k;k esa jkedFkk dk çpkj vHkh rd gSA ogk¡ eqfLye Hkh vius uke ds lkFk vDlj jke] y{e.k vkSj lhrk uke tksMr+ s gSAa ;gk¡ jkek;.k dks ^^fgdk;r lsjhjke^^ dgrs gSAa E;kaekj esa Hkh jkedFkk lkfgR; dk çpyu fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA ;gk¡ ds mYys[kuh; xzFa k gS& a jkeoLrq] egkjke] jke rksUe;ks] jkerkT;h] jke;xzku] iksUrojke bR;kfnA FkkbZyM aS ds iqjkus jtokMksa esa Hkjr dh Hkk¡fr jke dh iknqdk,¡ ysdj jkT; djus dh ijaijk ikbZ tkrh gSA os lHkh vius dks jkeoa'kh ekurs FksA ;gk¡ ^^vtqf/k;k^^] ^^yoiqjh^^vkSj ^^tudiqj^^ tSls uke okys 'kgj gSAa ;gk¡ ij jkedFkk dks ^^jkedhfrZ^^ dgrs gSa vkSj eafnjksa esa txg txg jkedFkk ds çlax vafdr gSAa fgan phu ds vuke esa dbZ f'kykys[k feys gSa ftuesa jke dk ;'kksxku gSA ;gk¡ ds fuokfl;ksa esa ,slk fo'okl çpfyr gS fd os okuj dqy ls mRiUu gSa vkSj Jhjke uke ds jktk ;gk¡ ds loZçFke 'kkld FksA jkek;.k ij vk/kkfjr dbZ ukVd ;gk¡ ds lkfgR; esa Hkh feyrs gSAa tkok esa jkepaæ jk"Vªh; iq#"kksÙke ds :i esa lEekfur gSA ogk¡ dh lcls cM+h unh dk uke lj;w gSA ^^jkek;.k^^ ds dbZ çlaxksa ds vk/kkj ij ogk¡ vkt Hkh jkr jkr Hkj dBiqrfy;ksa dk ukp gksrk gSA tkok ds eafnjksa esa

vad&1 % tuojh] 2017

ISSN Applied

izos'kkad 55 okYehfd jkek;.k ds 'yksd txg txg vafdr feyrs gSAa lqek=k dksjok] fcjgksM]+ uxsfl;k] lkSra k] rwjh] e>okj] [ksjokjh] eqM a k] fgC:] }hi dk okYehfd jkek;.k esa ^^Lo.kZHkwfe^^ uke fn;k x;k gSA jkek;.k laFkkyh] vkfn dbZ Hkk"kk,¡ gSa ftudk lac/a k Hkkjr ,oa HkkjrsÙkj Hkk"kk ;gk¡ ds tuthou esa oSls gh vuqçkf.kr gS tSls Hkkjrokfl;ksa dsA ifjokjksa gSAa tgk¡ rd ç'u gS vkfnokfl;ksa esa jkedFkk ds çpyu dk ckyh }hi Hkh FkkbZyM aS ] tkok vkSj lqek=k dh rjg vk;Z laL—fr dk rks jkedkO; ds vuqlkj jke us pkSng o"kZ ou esa dkVs rks fuf'pr ,d nwjLFk lhek LraHk gSA ^jkek;.k* dk çpkj ;gk¡ Hkh ?kj&?kj esa gSA :i ls jke ds laidZ esa ou esa jgus okys ewy fuoklh vk, gksx a s vkSj tkok esa lsjrjke] lSjhjke] jkedsfyax] ikrkuhjkedFkk] baMkspkbZuk dh blh dk çHkko gesa orZeku esa Hkys gh xzFa kkdkj esa u lgh xhrks]a jkedhfrZ] [keSjjkek;.k vkfn çeq[k xzFa k çpfyr gSAa çkFkZukvks]a fHkÙkhfp=ksa vkfn ds :i esa vo'; ns[kus dks feyrk gSA 9oha 'krkCnh esa rqfdZLrku esa [kksrkuh jkek;.k dk] rhljh 'krkCnh esa vk/kqfud dky esa jkedFkk ij vk/kkfjr dqN iqLrdsa çdkf'kr gqbZ gSAa frCcrh jkek;.k dk] 10oha 'krkCnh esa eaxksfy;k dh jkedFkk dh jpuk ghjkyky 'kqDy& Jhjkepfjrekul dk i|kuqokn ¼1998½] jkeuk gqbAZ phu esa 251 bZŒ esa fdax —r fyÅ rÅRo] 472 bZŒ esa Rokax fdax fiVks ¼1979½] jkedFkk ¼gych½ ¼1978½] ekul lfefr] Hkksiky] jkeukfiVks —r Ro ikvks rFkk 7oha 'krkCnh ds yadk flagk uked xzFa k jkedFkk ¼eqfj;k½ ¼1979½] ekul lfefr] Hkksiky] jkeuk oslksM+ ¼naMkeh ekfM+;k½ ij vk/kkfjr gSA 10oha 'krkCnh esa tkiku dh jkedFkk ¼lkEcks ,s ¼1979½ ekul lfefr] Hkksiky] jkedFkk ¼dqM[q k½ ¼1977½] ekul lfefr] dksrksck —r½ dk ç.k;u gqvk Fkk rFkk 12oha 'krkCnh esa gscRq lq us Hkksiky] jkesu ok=k ¼Hkhyh½ ¼1977½] ekul lfefr] Hkksiky] gych uohu jkedFkk dh jpuk gqbZ FkhA eSfDldks vkSj e/; vejhdk dh jkedFkk ¼1998½] tuliad]Z Hkksiky] ekfM+;k jkedFkk ¼1998½] tulaidZ] e; lH;rk vkSj budk lH;rk ij çkphu Hkkjrh; laL—fr dh tks Hkksiky] eqfj;k jkepfjrekul ¼1998½] tulaidZ] Hkksiky] vkeds Nki feyrh gS mlesa jkek;.k dkyhu laLdkjksa dk çkpq;Z gSA is: esa psrkrkslksj xql a kbZ rqylhnkl ¼gcyh miU;kl½ ¼1975½] fo'oHkkjrh jktk vius dks lw;oZ 'a kh gh ugha ^dkS'kY;klqr jke* oa'kt Hkh ekurs çdk'ku] ukxiqj bR;kfnA gSAa ^^jkelhro^^ uke ls vkt Hkh ;gk¡ ^^jke lhrk mRlo^^^ euk;k vU; jkedFkk,¡ tkrk gSA baMksufs 'k;k esa jkedFkk lkfgR; ç.k;u vf/kd ek=k esa gqvk M‚- fuf/k flUgk ds vuqlkj fgekpy çns'k esa jkedFkk vk/kfjr cgqr gSA ;gk¡ 8oha 'krkCnh ls gh bl çdkj ds lkfgR; dh jpuk gqbZ gSA ls :i çpfyr gSAa fgekpy esa euk, tkus okys lkaL—frd ioZ&n'kgjk] gfjJ;] jkeiqjk.k] vtquZ fot;] jkefot;] ohjra=] dfiioZ] pfj= nhikoyh] jkeuoeh vkfn esa jkedFkk dk gh opZLo gSA fHkUu&fHkUUk jkek;.k] ddfou jkek;.k] tkoh jkek;.k] felklqj jkedFkk] dspd yksdxkFkkvksa esa jke dFkk dk fp=.k gS] tks ogk¡ ds yksdxk;dksa vkSj jkedFkk bR;kfn xzFa kksa dk ç.k;u baMksufs 'k;k esa gqvk gSA eysf'k;k esa yksd dfo;ksa ds jkedFkk ds çfr vlhe yxko dks O;aftr djrk gSA 13oha 'krkCnh dk gdk;r Jhjke vkSj gdk;r egkjkt jko.k uked tupsruk gsrq fgekpyh dh pEc;kyh] eaM;kyh] fcykliqjh] dkaxMk] xzFa kksa dk ç.k;u gqvk gSA cekZ ¼E;kaEekj½ esa ;wrksdh jke;kxu fo[;kr dqy]w ykgqy] muk vkfn fofHkUu yksd Hkk"kkvksa esa jkepfjr ds lacfa èkr gSA dacksfM;k esa ^jkedj*] ^frCcrh jkek;.k* çpfyr xzFa k gSAa dacksfM;k vusd çlaxksa dk mYys[k fd;k x;k gS& tSls n'kjFk dk iq=fs "V ;K] esa Hkh fganw lH;rk ds vU; vaxksa ds lkFk&lkFk jkek;.k dk çpyu iq= tUe] lhrk Lo;aoj] ij'kqjke laokn] jke ou xeu] lhrk gj.k] gSA NBh 'krkCnh ds ,d f'kykys[k ds vuqlkj ogk¡ dbZ LFkkuksa ij fHkyuh çlax] guqeku jke feyu] eanksnjh jkok.k laokn vkfnA ¼M‚jkek;.k vkSj egkHkkjr dk ikB gksrk FkkA bu ns'kksa ds vfrfjä fuf/k flUgk] fgekpy çns'k dh yksd dFkkvksa ds ifjçs{; esa jkedFkk] fQyhfial vkSj çkphu vejhdk rd jkedFkk dk çHkko feyrk gSA i`- 166½A dkaxMk] fefFkyk vkSj xksna tutkfr dh jkek;.k fp=dyk,¡ vkfnoklh tuHkk"kk esa jkedkO; fo'o çfl) gSAa dbZ çkphu eafnjksa esa jkek;.k f'kYidyk vkSj nhokj Hkkjr ds dbZ jkT;ksa esa vkfnokfl;ksa dh la[;k i;kZIr ek=k esa gSA fp= ns[ks tk ldrs gSAa Hkk"kkfoKku dh –f"V ls xksM a h] Hkhyh] lnjh] dqM[q k] eoklh] fugkyh]

ek[kuyky prqonZ s h ds dkO; esa Hkkjrekrk dh ladYiuk vkSj Lrqfr & vkyksd jkt lDlsuk mUuhloha lnh esa tc Hkkjr uotkxj.k vkSj vk/kqfud ;qx esa izo's k djrk gS] rc gekjs iqjkus feFkd Hkh u;k jax:i] ubZ psruk vkSj ubZ vFkZoÙkk xzg.k djus yxrs gSAa Hkkjr ekrk dk jk"Vªh;rk ds osx esa gekjs dfo;ks]a ys[kdksa vkSj ns'kHkDrksa us Hkkjr ekrk dk ,d u;k feFkd x<+k& fgeky; mldk eqdVq gS] foa/; es[kyk gS] ey;kfn vkSj lglzkfn ioZr ekyk,¡ mldh ckgsa gS]a dU;kdqekjh mlds pkj.k gS]a leqnz ftls i[kkj jgk gSA blh Hkkjr ekrk ls izes ds fy, vaxkj ds iqrys cfyiaFkh ekfeZd Hkkoqdrk] mcyrs gq, tks'k vkSj mPNy [kkuh ds lkFk Hkkjr ekrk dh t; djrs gq, Qk¡lh ds r[rs ij >wy x,A mUuhloha lnh dk ;g uotkxj.k lcls igys caxky esa vk;k vkSj ifjys[k 'kks/k lanHkZ ¼bZif=dk½

Hkkjr ekrk dk ;g feFkd Hkh igys caxky esa tUe fy;k gSA vkSj ckn esa lkjs tkrh; thou dk vifjgk;Z va'k cu x;kA caxky 'kfDr dk mikld jgk gS rFkk paMh] egkdkyh] nqxkZ vkfn mldh psruk ds fu;ked jgs gSAa tc uotkxj.k py jgk Fkk] rks ,d vksj jke—".k th vkSj foosdkuan th dh Nk;k dh egkdkyh dh mikluk ds u, xhr xk, tk jgs Fks vkSj mèkj cafdepanz th vius ^vkuaneB* esa dkyhekrk dh Nk;k es]a ^lqtyka lqQyka 'kL; ';keyke* Hkkjr&ekrk dk u;k feFkd x<+ jgs FksA cafdepanz ls igys Hkkjr ekrk ds bl feFkd dk vorj.k Hkkjrpanz ds ukVdksa esa gks pqdk FkkA fdarq blesa :i vkSj jax Hkjk cafdepanz usA bl izdkj egk'kfDr dk feFkd Hkkjr ekrk ds u, feFkd esa :ikarfjr gks x;k vkSj uotkxj.k dk viuk feFkd rS;kj gks x;kA dfo ek[kuyky prqonZs h us viuh Losn'kkuqjkxe;h dforkvksa esa u dsoy mn~cks/ku ds gh xhr xk, gS]a vfirq vius fiz; Hkkjr jk"Vª dh ltho ewfrZ;k¡ Hkh vafdr dh gS]a ftuesa dfo Le`fr ds :i esa gh lgh] fdarq vius jk"Vª dh lkdkj izfrHkk dks lnSo Lej.k&iFk esa ykdj

vad&1 % tuojh] 2017

ISSN Applied

izos'kkad 56 mlds izfr J)koku fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA mls viuk dgdj vkReh;rk le; ,slk vk,xk fd tc Hkkjr ns'k dfo dh dYiuk dk fnO; jk"Vª izdV djrk gS vkSj fdlh dks vFkok fdlh fons'kh dks tc og ;g cusxkA rHkh lkjh izHkqRo mldk Ük`x a kj djus yxsx a hA tks o"kZ dsoy dgrs gq, lqurk gS fd ;g ^Hkkjr* rks Hkkjrh;ksa dk ugha] vfirq esjk ';key gksus ds dkj.k dgha eksgd Kkr gksrh gS] ;g ';keyrk Hkwfe Hkh ?kj gS] rks og {kqC/k vkSj U;k;ksfpr Hkh gks mBrk gSA blfy, fd dh fofo/k jaxksa Hkjk eqdVq iguk,xh& ;g vn~Hkqr foMacuk gS fd fonsf'k;ksa ds izHkko esa vkdj vusd ^^tc ikuh uhps dks vk,] Åij mB Nk;s r#oj Hkkjrh; bfrgkldkjksa us Hkh lgh fl) djus dk vlQy iz;kl dkys /ku dkyh tehu ij mrj&mrj cjls xtZu dj fd;k gS fd ;gk¡ dqN o"kZ ckn 'kd] gw.k] eqlyeku vkfn vk, vkSj ml fnu ban& z /kuq"k ls dguk mBdj ?ksjk lkf/kj vk, fQj dqN o"kZ ckn vaxt sz ] iqrx Z kyh] Mp] Ýk¡lhlh vk,A vr% ;g gfj Hkfj e[keyh Hkwfe dks jaxksa Hkjk eqdVq iguk,A**6 Hkkjr dsoy igys vkus okys vk;ksaZ dk ?kj ugha] vfirq ihNs vkus Lora=rk ds izFke izHkkr esa gh dfo us vuqHko fd;k fd lkjs Hkkjrh; okyksa dk Hkh ?kj gSA dfo blh ,sfrgkfld feF;k /kkj.k ij {kqCèk gksrk d'ehj ls dU;kdqekjh rd ,d gSAa mUgsa {kqnz LokFkZ ;k dksbZ vU; gqvk yydkj mBk gS& ckr vyx ugha dj ldrhA ekr`Hkwfe viuh NÙkhl dksfV larkuksa ds ^^D;k dgk fd ^;g ?kj esjk gS\* lkFk xfr dj jgh gS& ftlds jfo vxsa tyksa es]a la/;k gksu chjkuksa es]a ^^dsjy ls dk'ehj ryd ge] HkkbZ&HkkbZ gSa mlds dkuksa esa D;ksa dgrs vkrs gks ^;g ?kj esjk gS\* dkosjh —".kk dh ueZnk xaxk ;equk lkFk jgs x x x gesa u rksM+ ldsxk dksbZ ge ek¡ tk;s ca/kq jgsA gks eqdVq fgeky;] igukrk] lkxj ftlds ix /kqyokrk] gSa NÙkhl djksM+ fd mudk vfer mfpr vfHkeku fy,A**7 ;g c¡/kk csfM+;ksa esa eafnj] efLtn] xq#}kjk esjk gSA iafMr ek[kuyky prqonZs h ij Hkkjr ds jk"Vªh;rk lac/a kh fopkjksa dk D;k dgk fd ^;g ?kj esjk gS\**1 izcy izHkko gSA mudk jk"Vª iw.kZRo dh izfrHkk gS] ftlls fd mUgksua s dfo ds erkuqlkj ekr`Hkwfe 'kfDr laiUu O;fDRk dh gS] 'kfDrghu dh —".k ds :i esa Lohdkj fd;k gSA —".k Jhfo".kq ds vorkj ekus tkrs ughaA ekr`Hkwfe dh Lora=rk izkfIr ds fy, 'kfDr dh lk/kuk igyh gSAa vr% —".kksikluk Hkh LojkT; ;K dk gh ijorhZ :i ekuk tkrk 'krZ gSA mUgha ds 'kCnksa es& a gSA ';ke jax prqonZs h ds vuqlkj iw.kZRo dk lwpd ekuk tkrk gSA ^êkr`Hkwfe gS mldh] ftldks mB thuk vkrk gS] mudk dguk gS fd ^îkuh vfèkd gqvk fd uhyk fn[kk] gok ?kuh gqbZ 2 ngu&Hkwfe gS mldh] tks {k.k&{k.k fxjrk tkrk gSA** fd uhyh fn[kh] vkdk'k ?kuk gqvk fd uhyk fn[kkA ;g gekjk n`f"V viuh tUeHkwfe ds fgr ds fy, viuk loZLo R;kx djus okyk nks"k gS ;k n`f"V ?kks"k gS] dguk dfBu gS] fdarq Åij dh gj mBku leiZ.koknh vkn'kZ ns'k&izes h cu ldrk gSA mlds fy, Lolq[k vkSj dks yksxksa us ';ke lqna j uke gh fn;k gSA esjs fudV rks ';kelqna j Lofgr dh dYiuk Hkh oftZr gSA vius I;kjs ns'k ds fy, vius izk.kksa ehBk] vkd"kZ.k'khy ije lR; gSA**8 mlds bl dFku ls ;g O;aftr dks gFksyh ij fy, og bl izrh{kk esa jgrk gS fd vc mldh iqdkj gksrk gS fd Jhjke vkSj Jh—".k dh ';keo.kZrk mudh iw.kZrk vFkok gS dc og viuk 'kh'k nsus pysA dfy;k¡ ftlesa f[kys ogh Hkwfe dfo mBku dh lwpd gS vkSj ekr`Hkwfe dh 'kL;';keyk jk"Vª dh iw.kZrk dh dk bZ'oj gS] ogh mldk ?kj gS& vksj xfr dh lwpuk nsrh gSA jk"Vª dh mBku mu fuokfl;ksa dh ^^dfy;ksa dk vk¡py gh esjk bZ'oj gS mBku esa fufgr gS& e/kqx/a kksa fgyrk Mqyrk izHkq eafnj gS] ^êkr`Hkwfe gS mldh ftldks mB thuk vkrk gSA tx ds bl fldqMs+ iki&iq.; ls Åij ngu Hkwfe gS mldh tks {k.k&{k.k fxjrk tkrk gSA**9 xw¡ts fuekZ.k fd;k djrh esjk ?kjA**3 yxHkx lkjs Hkkjrh; lkfgR; esa Hkkjr ekrk dk ;g feFkd egk'kfDr ';ke :i bl jk"Vª dks iz.kke djrk gqvk dfo dgrk gS fd& dh Nk;k ij gh x<+k x;k gSA fganh lkfgR; Hkh mldk viokn ugha ^^ml oj.kghu dks osn&xku] ml pj.kghu dks lkS iz.kke] gSA nqcy Z vkSj ijk/khu jk"Vª dks 'kfDriwtk dh t:jr FkhA ns'k esa ml o`na kou ij ckx] ml oa'khoV dks rku&rku] ;g 'kfDriwtk Hkkjr ekrk dh dh xbZA blds viokn gSa rks ek[kuyky fgeux ls veydqekjh rd 'kksfHkr esjh ;g iapoVh] prqonZs h mUgsa —".kksikluk dh oS".ko ijaijk feyh FkhA Jhdkar tks'kh ftlds flj fge dk eqdVq yflr ftlds vaxksa xaxk fyiVh] us fy[kk gS fd&^^viuh cqvk ds lkFk oS".ko xhrksa ls izjs .kk ysdj bldh x.kuk NÙkhl dksfV] bldh vfofnr efgek fo'kky] mUgksua s dqN 'kjkjrh jpuk,¡ dhaA bUgha jpukvksa esa ,d fnu ,d xhr esjh tuuh dk fnO; Hkky lsok djrk gS] vej dkyAA**4 QwV iM+k& ';kedqekj eu cl x;ks js--! iz—fr ls ek[kuyky ;gk¡ ij dfo jk"Vª esa ekr`Ro dh izfr"Bk djrk tku iM+rk gSA vU;= prqonZs h ds csgn izxk<+ lac/a kksa dh tkudkjh cgqr de yksxksa dks gSA lkfgR; esa izfrf"Br nqxkZ ds fo"k; esa ^,d Hkkjrh; vkRek* us dgk gS iz—fr ls c<+dj oS".ko dkSu gks ldrk gS] mldk viuk fdruk dqN fd ^^nqxkZ tehu] >kfM+;ksa] ufn;ksa] ljksojksa] Vhyksa] VsdfM;ksa] gS] mldk viuk D;k gS\ ftl /kjrh ls og tUe ysrh gS] mlh ij [ksrks& a [kfygkuksa ;kuh dh jk"Vª dks flagklu cukrh gS] laL—fr ds lai.w kZr% U;kSNkoj Hkh gks tkrh gSA ¼xksfoan] rqEgkjh gh rks oLrq gS vkSj xgus igukrh gS] mFky&iqFky dk jktnaM /kkj.k djrh gS] eqdVq dks rqEgsa gh lefiZr gS½A ek[kuyky prqonZs h ds leiZ.k dks] muds Bqdjkdj fdlh tkfr ds ladYiksa dk xjhcksa ds cxhps esa mxs gq, cfynkuokn dks iz—fr ds blh i`"BHkwfe ij j[kdj ij[kk tk ldrk Qyksa dk gkj vius twM+s esa ck¡/krh gS vkSj leLr jk"Vª ds fuokfl;ksa gSA**10 dh vkRek dk oL= igudj fØ;k'khyrk ds lkFk cSB tkrh gSA**5 ek[kuyky prqonZs h vkjafHkd jpuk ls ysdj —".k ls lacfa /kr dfork,¡ Hkys gh dqN LFkyksa ij dfo us jk"Vª dks nqxkZ ds :i esa ns[kk gks] ijarq fy[krs jgs vkSj jk"Vªh;rk rFkk iz—fr&izes lac/a kh mudh 'kk;n gh mlus vius vkjkè;nso ds :i esa ';kelqna j dks gh ekuk gSA dksbZ dksbZ dfork gS ftlesa Jh—".k izes dh ouekyk u Vaxh gksA mudh ifjys[k 'kks/k lanHkZ ¼bZif=dk½

vad&1 % tuojh] 2017

ISSN Applied

izos'kkad 57 lHkh vkjafHkd dfork,¡ —".kijd gSAa 1904 ls mudh jpukRedrk ouekyh gels u /kqyx s h ,slh ck¡dh >k¡dhAA**15 dk vkjaHk gksrk gS] vkSj blh o"kZ mUgksua s ';keykspu eu cl x;ks js] ouekyh dh ck¡dh >k¡dh ^,d Hkkjrh; vkRek* ds fy, Hkkjr ekrk dh y?kq Nan] e/kqcna vkfn dbZ dfork,¡ —".k ij fy[kh gSAa 1913 rd ck¡dh >k¡dh cu xbZ gSA ns'k dh ekVh gS ek[ku vkSj /kwfy/kwlj gS — ;kuh viuh jpukRedrk ds igys n'kd esa mudh psruk —".k ".k dk os'k& Hkkouk ls bruh vkØkar gks tkrh gS fd cl jluk esa jVus dks ^êk[ku\ Hkys ekVh Hkys---gks /kwfy/kwlj os'kA ouekyh FkkA êgyksa ij dqfV;ksa dks okjs*a 'kh"kZd dfork esa os ljnkjksa [kkÅ¡] f[kyw¡] xkÅ¡ rqEgkjs fot; xhr Lons'kAA**16 ij Xoky vkSj ghj&gkj ij ykM+ys ouekyh ds okjus dh ckr djrs bl izdkj ouekyh dh ';keyk Nfo gh Hkkjr ekrk dh Nfo gS vkSj gS& a xksiky —".k dk /kwfyèkwlj os'k gh Hkkjr ekrk dk eSyk vk¡py gSA — ^^ljnkjksa ij Xoky] vkSj ukxfj;ksa ij czt ckyk,¡A ".kpsruk ek[kuyky th dh dfork esa u rks izklafxd gS vkSj u ghj&gkj ij okj ykM+ys ouekyh ouekyk,¡A vkdfLedA ;g Nan&Nan esa lekbZ gqbZ gSA Hkkjrh; ijk/khurk esa os Nhuw¡xh fuf/k ugha fdlh lkSHkkfxuh] iq.;&izeksnk dhA txg&txg nzkiS nh ds phj&gj.k dh dYiuk djrs gS& a yky okjuk ugha dgha rw xksn xjhc ;'kksnk dhAA**11 ^^vk iqdkjrh gqbZ lHkk esa fnXoluk ds pkjsA xjhc ;'kksnk dh xksn Hkkjr ekrk dh xksn cu tkrh gSA feFkd dk vk lc dqN [kksuos kys ds] thou lkFkh NhjAA**17 vk/kqfud :ikarj.k jfr Hkko ds vkyacu ds :ikarj.k ls ?kfVr gksrk Hkkjr ek¡ ds phjgj.k ds ohHkRl n`'; dks ns[kdj dfo —".k ls j{kk gS] rks og ozr curk gSA ozr vkSj dqN ugha fdlh vkyacu ;k ewY; ds fy, nkSMd + j vkus dh izkFkZuk djrk gS& ds izfr n`<+ izes dks dgrs gSAa dfo îzes ca/ku* ¼1912½ esa caèk tkrk gS& ^^nzkiS nh Hkkjr ek¡ dk phj] c<+krs nkSM+ ;g egkjktA ,d lkFk gh ouekyh ds izes esa vkSj ns'k ek¡ ds izes esa og igyk ^n`<+ eku ys]a rks igukus yxw¡] eksj ia[kksa dk I;kjk rktAA**18 ozr* ¼1913½ dks ysrk gS& ek[kuyky prqonZs h gekjs tkrh; dfo gSAa mudh jk"Vªh; Hkkouk ^^gksus ouokl dkjkokl] ujdoklA tkrh; psruk ls O;qRiUu gSA mudh tkrh; psruk —".k feFkd ls in pwes vejRo mls iM+k jg tkus nsAA vuq'kkflr gh ugha oju vkØkar gSA fdlh Hkh tkfr feFkd dh rjg lkaoyh lh lwjr dks ek/kqjh lh ewjr dksA —".k feFkd ds Hkh vlekU; vFkZ gS vkSj ;g vFkZ gekjs Lok/khurk izk.k cfy tkus ns rw vk¡[kksa ls u tkus nsAA**12 laxkz e ds vusd lanHkksaZ ls tqMr+ k pyk tkrk gSA Hkkjr ekrk dh lexz ;g izes ca/ku bruk izcy gS fd mldh psruk lai.w kZr;k eksfguh lwjr dYiuk mUgksua s —".k feFkd dh Nk;k esa x<+h gS vkSj —".k ds vusd ls vkØkar gks tkrh gS vkSj og dkeuk djrk gS& thou izlx a Lok/khurk laxkz e ds izlx a ksa esa lk/kd vkSj vFkZoku gksrs ^^ftl vksj ns[kw¡ cl vM+h gks rsjh ewjr lkeusA x, gSAa feFkd dk uohuhdj.k ,d leFkZ jpukdkj gh dj ldrk ftl vksj tkÅ¡ jksd ysos rsjh ewjr lkeusAA gSA bl n`f"V ls ek[kuyky th dh jpukRedrk cgqr gh le`) gSA eSa dgha gksÅ¡ u gksÅ¡ rw eq>s yk[kksa esa gksA os tkrh; thou dh Nfo;k¡ cgqr gh ekfeZd :i ls x<+rs gS(a ouekyh eSa eqM¡w+ ftl jkst eugj rw esjh vk¡[kksa esa gksAA**13 vkSj fxfj/kj muds nwr gS]a jk"Vª Lok/khurk esa muds izjs d curs gSAa ^Hkkjr ekrk* —".k dh Nfo esa fLFkr gSA cafdepanz us Hkkjr ekrk dks mikluk vkSj la?k"kZ ,d fcanq ij fey tkrs gSAa 'kk;n gh fdlh vkSj ^lqtyka] 'kL; ';keyka* ns[kk FkkA eSfFkyh'kj.k xqIr tSls dfo;ksa us Hkkjrh; dfo us Hkkjr ekrk dh Nfo —".k feFkd dh Nk;k esa x<+h uhykacj dks Hkkjr ek¡ dk ifj/kku ekuk Fkk( lw;Z vkSj panz dks es[kyk] gksA vk/kqfud Hkkjrh; lkfgR; dh fganh dh jk"Vªh; Hkkouk dh ;g ufn;ksa dks izes dk izokg rFkk Qwyksa dks eaMuA Nk;kokn ds dfo dks ekSfyd vkSj foy{k.k nsu gS] vkSj Js"B ls Js"Brj gSA ;g ns'k v#.k vkSj e/kqe; nh[k iM+k Fkk ysfdu ek[kuyky prqonZs h lanHkZ VaMu] ek[kuyky prqosZnh] O;fDrRo] —frRo ,oa lkfgR;dkj] i`- 162 vius ns'k dh /kjrh ls ';key izHkq dh xk¡B ck¡/krs gS]a tksMk+ &tksMh+ 1-2- ¼la¼la--½½ izizsseeukjk;.k ukjk;.k VaMu] ek[kuyky prqosZnh] O;fDrRo] —frRo ,oa lkfgR;dkj] i`- 112 3- ek[kuyky prqosZnh] chtqjh dkty vk¡t jgh] i`- 107 yxkrs gS& a 4- ek[kuyky prqosZnh] chtqjh dkty vk¡t jgh] i`- 108 5- ek[kuyky prqosZnh] lkfgR;nsork] i`- 97 ^^';key izHkq ls] izHkq dh xkB ck¡/krh] tksjk&tksjh] 6- ek[kuyky prqosZnh] chtqfj dkty vk¡t jgh] i`- 19 7- ek[kuyky prqosZnh] os.kq yks xw¡ts /kkjk] i`- 74 lw;Z fdj.k ls] ;g eu&Hkkofu] ;g lksus dh Mksjh] 8- ¼la-½ izseukjk;.k VaMu] ek[kuyky prqosZnh] O;fDrRo] —frRo ,oa lkfgR;dkj] i`- 112 9- ¼la-½ izseukjk;.k VaMu] ek[kuyky prqosZnh] O;fDrRo] —frRo ,oa lkfgR;dkj] i`- 110 Nud ck¡/krh] Nud NksMr+ h] izHkq ds uo&in&I;kj] 10- ek[kuyky prqosZnh jpukoyh] Hkkx&6 ¼izkDdFku½] i`- 113 11- ¼la-½ —".kdqekj xksLokeh] fnyhi flag] Hkkjrh; vkRek ek[kuyky prqosZnh] i`- 63 iy&iy ogs iVy i`Foh ds fnO;&:i lqdeq kj] 12- ogh] i`- 63 13- ogh] i`- 63 dfy;ksa esa jl&laiVq cudj] c¡/kh ewB ouekyh] 14- ogh] i`- 64 14 15- ogh] i`- 65 [kqyh i¡[kqfM+;k¡] ';ke lyksus HkkSjksa ls 'kjekrhAA** 16- ogh] i`- 65 i`- 65 cafde dh ;g ^lqtyka&lqQyka* ek[kuyky prqonZs h ds ';key izHkq 17-18- ogh] ogh] i`- 65 dh Nk;k esa 'kL; ';keyk cuh gSA Hkkjr ekrk esa mlh dh Økafr lekt vkSj jk"Vª dh Hkkoukvksa dks ifjekftZr djus okyk lek;h gqbZ gSA eSfFkyh'kj.k xqIr us Hkkjr ekrk dks uhykEcj dk lkfgR; gh lPpk lkfgR; gSA ifjèkku iguk;k FkkA ek[kuyky prqonZs h mlesa —".k dh Nk;k ns[krs &tuknZuçlkn >k f}t gS& a etgc dks ;g ekSdk u feyuk pkfg, fd og gekjs ^îxyh rsjk BkB] fd;k gS jRukEcu ifj/kkuA x x x lkfgfR;d] lkekftd] lHkh {ks=ksa esa Vk¡x vM+k,A vijk/kh gw¡] eaty q ewjr rkdh gk¡ D;ksa rkdh\ &jkgqy lka—R;k;u ifjys[k 'kks/k lanHkZ ¼bZif=dk½

vad&1 % tuojh] 2017

ISSN Applied

izos'kkad

58 izyksHku nsrk gSA fdarq ns”k izes h jhVk vius ns”k dks cspdj ;g /ku ysuk ugha pkgrhA ukxs”k dks Hkh Lohdkj ugha djus nsrhA ukxs”k Lo;a Hkh ns”kizes h gS fdarq mlesa fo”oca/kqRo dh Hkkouk Hkh gSA og yrhQ dks Hkkx tkus ds fy, dgrk gS vU;Fkk mls xksyh ekj nsxk D;ksfa d yrhQ lSfud ugha cfYd tklwl gSA ukxs”k dk lSfud /keZ fugRFks ij xksyh cckZn ugha djuk pkgrk gSA ukxs”k yrhQ ls dgrk & c`toklh xqIrk gS&^^rqjra Hkkx tkvks ugha rks ekjs tkvksxAs **6 ukxs'k vkSj jhVk ds gekjs lkfgR; esa rks lnSo ls gh fo'oca/kqRo ds xhr xk, tkrs jgs gSAa ekè;e ls izfs ey th us Hkkjrh; lSfud] vf/kdkj vkSj lSfudksa dh vkyksP; ;qxhu ukV~;dkjksa dh ukV~;—fr;k¡ rks mlh Hkkouk ls ns”kHkfDr dks fpf=r fd;k D;ksfa d Lokra«;ksÙkj Hkkjrh;ksa us jk"Vªh; vksrizkrs gSaA MkW- n'kjFk vks>k —r ^Hkkjr fot;* ukVd esa blh egRo dh vogsyuk dh ftls tkx`r djus ds fy, ^m)kj* ukVd dk Hkkouk dh viukus ij cy fn;k x;k gSA bl ukVd dk leqnx z Iq r lqtku gehj ls dgrk gS&^êsjk LFkku gS tkfr;ksa ds nhokjksa dks ohj xzkeosrl ls viuh uhfr Li"V djrs gq, dgrk gS& leqnx z Iq r fxjkdj jk"Vªh;rk dh LFkkiuk djukA**7 ¼xzkeosrl ls½&^^gesa jkT; foLrkj vkSj lkezkT; dh ykylk ugha gSA gehj canh ekyo nso dks ca/ku eqDr djrk gqvk mlesa ns'k izes dh ge ekuoh; thou dks lq[kh cukus ds vfHkyk"kh gS]a gekjk mn~n”s ; Hkkouk tkx`r djus dsfy, ns'k dks loksiZ fj ekuus dh f'k{kk nsrk gS& losHZ koarq lqf[ku% losl Z ra q fujke;%A**1 leqnx z Iq r ¼;ksxhjkt f”kokuan gS&^êSa vkidks thfor j[kuk pkgrk gw¡A vkidks oa'kkfHkeku ds ls½& ^^gekjk Hkkjrh; vkn'kZ fo”odY;k.k dk gSA gekjs fy, leLr vfrjsd us iFkHkz"V fd;k fdarq gesa tkuuk pkfg, ds ns'k rks tkfr] oa'k vkSj lHkh lkalkfjd oLrqvksa ls Å¡pk gSA mldh eku j{kk ds fy, olq/kk dqVcaq gSA fo”o eaxy vis{k.kh; gSA**2 ukV~;dkj dk fopkj gS fd vkt Hkh gekjk ns”k Hkkjr leLr fo'o gesa loZLo cfynku djuk pkfg,A**8 w eqfLye oSeuL; dks lekIr dj jk"Vªh; ,drk ykus dk dks viuk ifjokj Lohdkj dj lHkh ns”kksa ds lkFk leku Hkko ls jguk ns”k esa fgan& pkgrk gSA blh Hkkouk ij cy nsrs gq, vius ukVd izdk”k esa LraHk iz;kl izes h th us vius ukVd ds ek/;e ls fd;k gSA nqxkZnkl ,d ik= ds ek/;e ls lq>ko nsrs gS& a gkjhr cIik ¼Tokyk ls½ dgrh lkainz kf;d oSeuL; dks lekIr djus ds fy, ladh.kZ Hkkoukvksa dk a tsc dh ikS=h lqQh;rqfUulk gS&^^gesa ,d nwljs ls lkekftd laidZ c<+kus gksx a As fot;h vkSj ifjR;kx djuk pkgrh gS&nqxkZnkl ¼vkSjx 3 ls½&^gesa igys vuko';d ladh.kZ vkSj gkfuizn lhekvksa dks rksMu+ k foftr dh Hkkouk dks u"V dj leku ca/kq cudj jguk gksxkA** ukVddkj gfj—".k izes h dk fopkj gS fd leku ca/kqRo dh Hkkouk ds gksxkA rc mlds Ik'pkr fganw vkSj eqlyekuksa ds chp lkekftd vHkko esa ekuo thou lq[ke; vkSj 'kkafriwod Z ugha jg ldrkA vkt nhokj rksMh+ tk ldsxhA**9 O;fDr vf/kd LokFkhZ gksus ds dkj.k futh ykHk dh vksj mUeq[k gks ikjLifjd }s"k vkSj ,drk ds vHkkok esa ns'k esa O;kIr ladh.kZrk dh jgk gSA mls nwljs euq";ksa ds dY;k.k dh fpark uke ek= dh Hkh ugha vksj ladrs djrs gq, izes h th us vius ukVd ^dhfrZLraHk* esa laxkz e s NksVs gSA ^txnxq#* ukVd dk 'kadj dgrk gS&^^vusd /keZ] lainz k;] flag ds ek/;e ls fy[kk gS&laxkz e flag ¼jkt;ksxh ls½&^ge NksV& yksddk;Z ds dks<+ cu x, gS]a vius eks{k dh fpark u dj gesa jkT;] tkfr vkSj oa”k dh ladh.kZrkvksa ds ckgj n`f"V ys gh ugha tk yksddY;k.k dh fpark djuh pkfg,A**4 ukV~;dkj feJ th us bl ldrsA Hkkjr dh 'kfDr vikj gS] fdarq vKs; ugha] og vKs; gks ukVd esa fo”odY;k.k dk Hkkjrh; vkn”kZ izLrqr dj izR;sd O;fDr ldrs gS]a ;fn Hkkjrh;ksa esa nwjnf”kZrk vk lds] ladh.kZrkvksa dh lhek,¡ dks vU; izkf.k;ksa ds dY;k.k dks izkRs lkfgr djus ds iz;kl fd, gSAa rksMh+ tk ldsAa O;fDrxr fgr ds Åij ge lkewfgd fgr dk /;ku nso jkt fnus”k —r ^jko.k* ukVd esa eanksnjh ds ek/;e ls blh j[kuk lh[k ldsa vksj lai.w kZ ns”k dk tu&cy fdlh ,d >aMs ds Hkkouk dks izdV fd;k x;k gS&eanksnjh &^^vkt dk ;q) lalkj dks uhps vk ldsA**10 blh izdkj ukV~;dkj izes h vius ukVd ^'krjat ds fouk'k dh vksj ys tk jgk gSA vkt fo'oca/kqRo dh vko”;drk gSA f[kykM+h* esa fy[krs gSa fd ^êsjk fiz; fo"k; lkainz kf;drk gS] ftls rHkh fo'odY;k.k gks ldrk gS] ugha rks loZuk'k ds vfrfjDr vkSj tjk mnkj gksdj lkspus ij jk"Vªh; ,drk] tjk xgjs mrjus ij dqN ugha gSA**5 ukV~;dkj nsojkt fnus”k us vius bl ukVd }kjk lkaL—frd ,drk vkSj tjk vkSj xgjs mrj dj ns[kus ij ekuoh; Hkkoh r`rh; egk;q) dh vksj ladrs fd;k gSA vkius jke&jko.k ;q) ,drk Hkh dg ldrs gSAa **11 ds ek/;e ls fo”oukFk dh laHkkoukvksa ij izdk”k Mkyrs gq, vius ukV~;dkj MkW- yky dk fopkj gS fd izkra h;rk] tkfrokn] vjk"Vªh;rk fopkj izdV fd, gSAa ekuork dh j{kk gsrq fo”oca/kqRork dh ckr vkfn Hkkoukvksa dks R;kx dj ,df=r gksus ij gh Hkkjr viuk lkspuk vfr vko”;d gSA okLrfod lq[k 'kkafr dks izkIr djus ds fodkl dj ldrk gSA ns”kHkDr vkSj ns”knzkgs h dk fp=.k fpjathr us vius ukVd ^rLohj mldh* esa fd;k gSA izLrqr ukVd esa ufyu oekZ] fy, leLr fo”o dks leHkko ls ns[kuk vfuok;Z gSA gekjs ns”k Hkkjr esa fo”oca/kqRork ds lkFk lkFk ns”k izes vkSj jk"Vªh; vatuk oekZ ns”kHkDr vksj enu oekZ ns”knzkgs h ik= gS]a tks fd 'k=qvksa ,drk ds xhr lnSo ls gh xk;s tkrs jgs gSa D;ksfa d yksd dY;k.k vkSj }kjk QSyk, x, tky esa Q¡lk gqvk gSA vatuh oekZ vius ifr enu fo”oca/kqRo gekjh jk"Vªh; ,drk ds fy, dHkh Hkh ck/kd ugha jgkA oekZ dk fojks/k djrh gS vkSj dgrh gS& ^^,sls lqgkx dk ty tkuk tuekul esa blh Hkkouk dks izkRs lkfgr djus ds iz;kl fganh ukV~;dkjksa gh vPNk gSA**12 us viuh ukV~;&—fr;ksa }kjk fd;kA ckgjh vkØe.kksa ls ns”k dh j{kk Kkunso vfXugks=h vius ukVd ôru dh vkc:* esa ifdLrku djuk ;qxhu ukVdksa dh eq[; iqdkj gSA ^Ms<+ vjc* ukVd esa fons”kh vkØe.k ¼1965½ dky esa Hkkjrh; lSfudksa dh ohjrk vkSj ukxfjdksa dh tklwl yrhQ Ms<+ vjc #i;k dekaMj ukxs”k vSj jhVk dks nsus dk lPph ns”k&HkfDr dks fpf=r fd;k gSA bl ukVd dk ikB tLlw

fganh ukVdksa esa fo”oca/kqRo ,oa jk"Vªh; fopkj/kkjk

ifjys[k 'kks/k lanHkZ ¼bZif=dk½

vad&1 % tuojh] 2017

ISSN Applied

izos'kkad 59 egcwc] tks fd foxr nks o"kksaZ ls fNi&fNidj Hkkjrh; lSfud ekspksaZ dh vkc: ds fy, blh rjg ejsAa **16 eqlyeku ds uke ij estj dk irk yxk jgk Fkk] bykghcD”k dh cM+h iq=h i”kehuk ls 'kknh tkosn bykghcD”k dks lainz k; ds pDdj esa Q¡lkdj Hksn tkuus dk djus dk Lokax jprk jgrk gS ftlls fd og Hkkjrh; lsuk dk Hksn iz;kl djrk gSA fdarq bykghcD”k lPpk Hkkjrh; gSA ns”k dk nq”eu tku ldsA ijarq tc Ik”kehuk dks ;g irk py tkrk gS fd egcwc gekjk nq”eu gS pkgs og eqlyeku gks ;k fdlh Hkh etgc dks ekuus nq”euksa dks [kcjsa igq¡pkus tkrk gS rks og mls xksyh ekj nsrh gSA okyk gksA i'kehuk vkSj mldh NksVh cgu js”kek ikd tklwl estj tkosn vkSj lanHkZ vks>k] Hkkjr fou;] laLdj.k] i`- 131&132 ?kqliSfB;s dkys [kk¡ rFkk xqykc dks xyr jkLrk crkdj mldh lkjh 1-2- n'kjFk n'kjFk vks>k] Hkkjr fou;] laLdj.k] i`- 158 3- gfj—".k izseh] Ikzdk'k LraHk] i`- 41 cVkfy;u dks ekj Mkyrh gSA estj tkosn tc ?kcM+kdj i'kehuk ls 4- y{eh ukjk;.k feJ] Tkxnxq#] i`- 47 ukjk;.k feJ] Tkxnxq#] i`- 47 bl lac/a k esa iwNrk gS rc og dgrh gS&^^'kSrku] vc rw 'kk;n ges”kk 5-6- y{eh gfj—".k izseh] Ms<+ vjc] i`- 19&20 gfj—".k izseh] m)kj] i`- 19&20 ;kn j[ksxk fd d”ehjh [kwclwjrh ds vanj bLikrh 'kfDr fNih 7-8- gfj—".k izseh] m)kj] i`- 7 13 9gfj—".k i`- 35 gSA** ^^¼xksyh yx tkus ij Hkh½ gekjs oru dh vkc: bruh lLrh 10- gfj—".kizizseseh]h]m)kj] dhfrZLraHk] i`- 113 14 izseh] 'krjat ds f[kykM+h] i`- 73 ugha] ge u jgsa rks D;k d”ehj ftank jgsxk] fganLq rku ftank jgsxkA** 11-12- gfj—".k gfj—".k izseh] 'krjat ds f[kykM+h] i`- 60 13Kku ns o =h] oru dh vkc:] i`- 123 ejrs le; i'kehuk ds ;s 'kCn tks fd viuh cgu js”kek ls mlus 14- Kku nso vfXugks vfXugks=h] oru dh vkc:] i`- 124 dgk tks jk"Vªh;rk ls vksr izkrs gS&^^[kqnk ls nqvk dj fd ge vxys 15- Kkunso vfXugks=h] oru dh vkc:] i`- 69 tUe esa fQj blh ikd tehu ¼Hkkjr½ ij gh iSnk gksa vkSj vius oru

Ukkfljk 'kekZ ds miU;kl ^dqb;k¡tku* esa fgan& w eqfLye HkkbZpkjk & feuk{kh iz-vkj-dsizfl) lkfgR;dkj ukfljk 'kekZ dk tUe fganh dk lkfgfR;d dsna z bykgckn esa gqvkA ukfljk 'kekZ ,d laiUu eqfLye f”k;k ifjokj esa tUeh FkhA firk mnwZ ds izkQ s l s j gksus ds lkFk gh izxfr'khy fopkjksa okys O;fDr Fks tks dfo Hkh FksA blh dkj.k mUgsa ys[kdh; fojklr èkjksgj ds :i esa gh feyh gSA ukfljk dh f'k{kk dk izkjaHk ?kj ls gh gqvkA os viuh ek¡ dks viuh izFke xq# ekurh gSA mUgksua s lu~ 1975 esa dgkuh ys[ku “kq: fd;kA lu~ 1975 esa ^lkfjdk* ds uoys[ku vad esa mudh ^cqr[kkuk* vkSj ^euksjek* if=dk esa ^rdktk* dgkuh izdkf'kr gqbAZ viuh 28 o"kksaZ dh jpukRed ;k=k esa ukfljk “kekZ us dgkuh] miU;kl] vuqokn] leh{kk] i=dkfjrk vkfn fofo/k {ks=ksa esa vius ys[k izLrqr fd, gSAa ukfljk “kekZ vkt ds le; dh vxz.kh miU;kldkj gSAa mUgksua s vius miU;kl rFkk dgkfu;ksa }kjk lekt dh dbZ Toyar leL;kvksa ij izdk'k Mkyk gS vkSj mu leL;kvksa ds izfr lekt esa tkxj.k dh Hkkouk dks fodflr djus dk iz;Ru fd;k gSA ^dqb;k¡tku* miU;kl }kjk mUgksua s vkt dh Toyar leL;k vFkkZr ^ikuh* dh leL;k dks mHkkjk gS vkSj blh ls tksMd + j Hkkjr dh ml /keZfujis{k Nfo dks izLrqr fd;k gS ftlesa fgan& w eqlyekuksa dk vkilh HkkbZpkjk vius lgt :i esa ped mBrk gSA pw¡fd Hkkjr ,d /keZfujis{k ns'k gSA ;gk¡ gj tkfr /keZ ds yksx jgrs gSAa Hkkjr esa gj /keZ dks leku ntkZ vkSj lEeku fn;k tkrk gSA vkt ls dbZ o"kZ iwoZ Hkkjr esa fgan& w eqfLye Hksn ukeek= Hkh ugha FkkA tc Hkkjr ij vQ+ty [kku] vdcj tSls ckn'kkg vkSj vU; jktkvksa us jkt fd;k rc Hkh Hkkjr dh turk esa /keZ ds izfr HksnHkko dk rfud Hkh LFkku ugha FkkA fdarq vaxt sz ksa ds ifjys[k 'kks/k lanHkZ ¼bZif=dk½

vkxeu ds Ik'pkr Hkkjr esa ;g HkkbZpkjk dqN gn rd de gksrk x;kA vaxt sz ksa dh ^QwV Mkyks jkt djks* okyh uhfr ds Ik'pkr Hkkjr esa Å¡p&uhp] fgan& w eqlyeku Hksn iuius yxs] vkSj blh dk Qk;nk mBkdj vaxt sz ksa us Hkkjr ij Ms<+ lkS o"kkaZs rd jkt fd;kA ysfdu ;g eueqVko T;knk le; rd u py ldk D;ksfa d gj ,d Hkkjrh; ds eu esa /keZ ls igys Hkkjrh; gksus dh Hkkouk rhoz Fkh vkSj var esa mUgksua s ;g lkfcr dj fn;k fd pkgs og fganw gks ;k eqlyeku fl[k gks ;k bZlkbZ os lcls igys Hkkjrh; gSAa blds uho esa mudk vkilh HkkbZpkjk] vkilh izes fQj ls ,d ckj nq'eu dks Hkxkus rFkk Lora=rk ikus esa ,d lathouh lkfcr gqvkA ukfljk “kekZ us Hkh vius miU;kl }kjk ;g Li"V fd;k gS fd pkgs fdruh gh dfBukb;k¡ ;k ruko gks ij vkt Hkh lekt esa fgan& w eqfLye vkilh izes vkSj HkkbZpkjk iwjh rjg lekIr ugha gqvk gSA mUgksua s vius miU;kl ^dqb;k¡tku* }kjk ;g ckr ikBdksa ds le{k ykbZ gSAa os Hkh tkurh gSa fd vkt vk/kqfudhdj.k ds bl ;qx esa fj'rs&tTckr lc ihNs NwVrs tk jgs gSa ysfdu fQj Hkh vkt Hkh dgha u dgha balkuh tTckr esa izes 'ks"k gS vkSj le; vkus ij og tkx tkrk gSA oDr vkus ij fgan& w eqlyeku ihNs NwV tkrk gS vkSj 'ks"k fn[kkbZ nsrh gS dsoy balkfu;r rFkk ;g Hkkouk fd ge lcls igys balku gSA blh Hkkouk ds pyrs eqlhcr esa ,d O;fDr nwljs ds dke vkrk gSA ;gh lR; ukfljk 'kekZ ds bl miU;kl esa >ydrk gSA ukfljk “kekZ us vius bl miU;kl }kjk eqlyeku dh gh ugha cfYd fganw laL—fr dks Hkh ikBdksa ds le{k izLrqr fd;k gSA ^dqb;k¡tku* miU;kl esa ,sls dbZ izlx a fn[kkbZ nsrs gSa tgk¡ fgan& w eqfLye vkilh HkkbZpkjk rFkk mudk isez vkSj balkfu;r izR;{k fn[kkbZ nsrh gSA ,sls dbZ izlx a ukfljk “kekZ us ;gk¡ n'kkZ, gSa ftUgsa ns[kdj ;g le>k tk ldrk gS fd mUgksua s vius miU;kl esa vk/kqfud ;qx dh lkjh leL;kvksa ls lekt dks voxr rks djk;k gh gS lkFk gh fgan& w eqfLye ds vkilh izes o HkkbZpkjs dks vkSj etcwr djus dk iz;kl Hkh fd;k gSA miU;kl ds gj igyw esa Hkkjr dh vusdrk esa ,drk rFkk fgan& w eqfLye laL—fr dk cM+k gh lanq j la;ksx ns[kus dks feyrk gSA ^dqb;k¡tku* ds fo"k; esa ;fn ppkZ dh tk, rks loZiFz ke iUuk lqukj vkSj jetkuh ds lacèa kksa ls ;g Kkr gksrk gS fd muesa fgan& w eqfLye

vad&1 % tuojh] 2017

ISSN Applied

izos'kkad 60 HksnHkko dk nwj rd dgha Hkh LFkku ugha gSA muds vkilh izes vkSj gh Å¡p&uhp] u gh fgan& w eqlyeku Hksn fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA dsoy isez HkkbZpkjs dks ns[kdj ;g fo'okl gks tkrk gS fd vkt Hkh lekt esa vkSj balkfu;r fn[kkbZ nsrh gSA ,sls izlx a tks miU;kl ds gj igyw balkuh tTckr iwjh rjg [kRe ugha gq, gSAa ,sls izlx a ksa }kjk ukfljk esa vk, gSa gesa gekjh laL—fr ls voxr djkrs gSAa gekjs tTckrksa dks “kekZ us fgan& w eqfLye lac/a k vkSj mudh laL—fr rFkk vusdrk esa tksMu+ s dk iz;Ru djrs gSAa 'kehek dh lkl vuojh csxe tks cqtx Zq ,drk dk lqna j fp= ikBdksa ds le{k izLrqr fd;k gSA iUuk lqukj efgyk gS og Hkh vius cPpksa dh Hkk¡fr gh jes'k ds fy, ?kjsyw nokb;k¡ tks fganw gS rFkk jetkuh /keZ ls eqlyeku gS fQj Hkh tc iUuk lqukj crkus yxrh gSAa ftlls mudk fuLokFkZ izes fn[kkbZ iM+rk gSA ;s os dks dbZ o"kksaZ rd larku ugha gksrh rc jetkuh gh ,d ek¡ dh rjg gh yksx gSa tks igys ls gh fgan& w eqlyeku laL—fr dks tksMu+ s dk mls vtesj ekFkk Vsd vkus dh lykg nsrh gSA var esa iwjs vV~Bkjg iz;kl djrs vk, gSAa vkt tks dqN tTckr cps gSa og bu cqtx q ksaZ dh o"kksaZ ds ckn iUuk ds ?kj larku gksrh gSA larku ds tUe ds le; Hkh lh[k dh gh cnkSyr gSA ftl izdkj vUkojh csxe esgnh ls dgrh jetkuh rqjra vkdj iUuk dh iRuh dk izlo djkrh gSA og lkjs gS& ^^og esjk pwju ysrs tkvks( nks pqVdh f[kykdj ikuh fiyk nksA HksnHkko Hkwydj balkfu;r dk /keZ igys fuHkkrh gSA og iUuk lqukj lc Bhd gks tk,xkA**4 dh [kq'kh esa lkFk jgrh gSA csVs dks iUuk lqukj dks nsrs gq, dgrh vuojh csxe ds }kjk Hkkjr ds cqtqxZ nksuksa laL—fr;ksa ds esy esa fdl gS&^^yso ns[kks csVok dk eq¡g vkSj fugky dj nso vkt jetkuh izdkj uhao dk dke djrs gSa ;g ukfljk “kekZ us fn[kk;k gSA os gh dksA**1 bl izlx a ls ;g Li"V fn[kkbZ nsrk gS fd jetkuh vkSj iUuk vius cPpksa dk ekxZn'kZu djrs gSa vkSj viuk isez cPpksa esa ck¡Vrs gSAa lqukj ds chp vkilh HkkbZpkjk izes gh gS tks mUgsa ,d nwljs dh enr esgnh lxs HkkbZ dh Hkk¡fr jes”k ds ikl igq¡p ml dk /;ku j[krk gS djus ds fy, izkRs lkfgr djrk gSA iUuk lqukj }kjk jetkuh dks lksus vkSj jRuk dks vk'oLr djrk gS fd ^^vxj bl ls vkjke u feyk rks dk gkj fn;k tkuk ;g Hkh muds viuRo dk ,d mnkgj.k gSA ,sls MkDVj dks cqyk ykÅ¡xkA ojuk vLirky ys tkÅ¡xkA**5 vkt bl izlx a ksa dks ns[kdj ;g Li"V fn[kkbZ nsrk gS fd ^dqb;k¡tku* ds }kjk vk/kqfud ;qx esa tgk¡ HkkbZ&HkkbZ dk nq'eu cu cSBk gS ogh esgnh rFkk Hkkjr dh vusdrk esa ,drk dks fdl izdkj ukfljk “kekZ us fn[kk;k jes'k tSls mnkgj.k lekt dh ,drk dh Hkkouk dks etcwr djrs gSAa gSA muds ik=ksa ds vkilh lac/a k ns[kdj ,slk tku iM+rk gS fd os tSl& s tSls miU;kl dh dgkuh vkxs c<+rh gS bl izdkj ds n`'; fHkUu u gksdj ,d gh gSAa vkrs jgrs gSa tks gekjh laons ukvkas dks >d>ksj dj j[k nsrs gSAa vkxs ds izlx a esa 'kehek vkSj jRuk ds ifjokj ds vkilh lac/a k ns[kdj vkxs dgkuh ds nwljs iMko ij deky tks is'ks ls MkWDVj gS dsoy ;g dgk tk ldrk gS fd vkt Hkh ukfljk “kekZ tSls dqN miU;kldkjksa t:jreanksa dh lgk;rk djuk gh viuk /keZ le>rk gSA laiUu ds dkj.k lekt esa dgha u dgha balkuh tTckr thfor gS ftlls ifjokj ls gksrs gq, Hkh lcls igys og lsok /keZ vkSj balkfu;r dks izkRs lkgu ikdj lekt dh mUufr esa lgk;rk izkIr gks ldrh gSA iz/kkurk nsrk gSA mlds fy, mldk ejht pkgs og fganw gks ;k 'kehek dk ifjokj vkSj jRuk dk ifjokj nksuksa iM+kl s h gSA /keZ dh eqlyeku ,d leku gSA blh dkj.k ls tSls gh mls ghjk igyoku n`f"V ls fHkUu gksrs gq, Hkh muds ifjokj ds vkilh isez rFkk HkkbZpkjs dh gkyr ds ckjs esa irk pyrk gS og rqjra tkdj mldk bykt dks ns[kdj ;g vuqeku yxkuk eqf”dy gS fd dkSu fganw dkSu djrk gS] og ;g ugha lksprk fd ghjk fganw gSA mlds fy, rks dsoy eqlyekuA nksuksa ifjokj ds izes esa fgan& w eqfLye laL—fr Hkh ,d gksrh lsok/keZ] balkfu;r gh mldk /keZ gSA og Qhl ysus ls Hkh badkj dj fn[kkbZ nsrh gSA lkjs /keksaZ ls igys nksuksa ifjokj ds lnL; pkgs og nsrk gS vkSj dgrk ^^og rks fey xbZA**6 mlds O;ogkj dks ns[kdj L=h gks ;k iq#"k lcls igyk viuk iM+kl s h /keZ fuHkkus ds fy, rS;kj dgk tk ldrk gS fd balkfu;r vkt Hkh lekt esa dgha u dgha gS( jgrs gSAa nksuksa gh ifjokj pkgs lq[k gks ;k nq%[k vkil esa ck¡V ysrs ;g dguk vuqfpr ugha gksxkA ukfljk “kekZ us vius ik=ksa }kjk gSa vkSj izes iwod Z 'kkafriw.kZ thou O;rhr djrs gSAa tc nsj jkr rd ,drk rFkk lsokHkko dks c<+kok fn;k gSA muds miU;klksa esa xaxk&tequh esgnh ?kj ugha ykSVrk rc 'kehek lcls igys viuh iM+kl s h jRuk ls rgthc vFkkZr fgan& w eqfLye laL—fr dks vyx&vyx ugha cfYd 2 iwNrh gS& ^^HkkbZ lkgc vk x, D;k\** ,d:irk ds lkFk izLrqr fd;k x;k gSA vius miU;klksa ds }kjk ;gk¡ fgan& w eqlyeku ,d ifjokj tSls jgrs gSAa vkSj bu nksuksa ifjokjksa mUgksua s lekt dks ,d lkFk tksMu+ s dk iz;kl fd;k gSA vkt tgk¡ esa loZiFz ke balkfu;r vkSj fo'okl dk izk/kkU; fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA ;g euq"; vius LokFkZ gsrq HksnHkko iSnk dj viuk eryc fl) djuk fo'okl O;FkZ Hkh ugha gksrkA jRuk 'kehek dks lkaRouk ns mldh fpark pkgrk gS ogha ukfljk “kekZ tSls dqN fxus& s pqus lkfgR;dkj vius de djrh gSA og mls ikuh ds dkj.k gqbZ ekjihV dk izlx a crkrh lkfgR; ds ek/;e ls lekt esa ,drk dks iqu%LFkkfir djuk pkgrs gS rc 'kehek dh tku esa tku vkrh gS vkSj og dgrh gS& ^^vksg! gSAa eSa rks--- vPNk fQj os vkrs gksx a As **3 bl izdkj ;g Li"V gS fd nksuksa lanHkZ 4- Ukkfljk 'kekZ] dqb;k¡tku] i`- 24 'kekZ] dqb;k¡tku] i`- 8 dk /keZ ,d txg gS fdarq muds chp dk fo'okl vkSj izes gh muds 1-2- Ukkfljk 5- Ukkfljk 'kekZ] dqb;k¡tku] i`- 26 Ukkfljk 'kekZ] dqb;k¡tku] i`- 21 6- Ukkfljk 'kekZ] dqb;k¡tku] i`- 21 thou dk lR; gSA ;g fo'okl izes dsoy ,d rjQ ugha gSA jRuk 3- Ukkfljk 'kekZ] dqb;k¡tku] i`- 21 dk ifjokj Hkh vius eqf'dy le; esa 'kehek ds ifjokj dks gh ;kn f'k{kk ds çlkj ds fy, ukxjh fyfi dk loZ= çpkj djrk gSA tc jRuk dk ifr jes'k ckgj ikuh okys crk'ks [kk ysrk vko';d gSA gS vkSj vk/kh jkr esa vpkud mldh rfc;r fcxM+ tkrh gS] rc jRuk &f'koçlkn flrkjsfgan Hkh 'kehek ds ifjokj dks gh enn ds fy, iqdkjrh gSA nksuksa pkgs èkeZ gekjh fganh Hkk"kk dk lkfgR; fdlh Hkh nwljh Hkkjrh; ls Hkys gh vyx gks ysfdu mudk ,d nwljs ds izfr tTckr ,d gh gSA 'kehek jRuk ds vkokt yxkrs gh rqjra tkx tkrh gSA 'kehek dk Hkk"kk ls fdlh va'k ls de ugha gSA &¼jk;cgknqj½ jkej.kfot; flag iwjk ifjokj jes'k ds LokLF; dks ysdj ijs'kku gks mBrk gSA ;gk¡ u ifjys[k 'kks/k lanHkZ ¼bZif=dk½

vad&1 % tuojh] 2017

ISSN Applied

izos'kkad

dgkfu;ksa esa laL—fr : nkaiR; thou dk lanHkZ & vpZuk Hkkjrh; laL—fr esa fookg ifo= laLdkj ekuk tkrk gSA bl ifo= laLdkj ds ek/;e ls nks O;fDr;ks]a nks Hkkoukvksa vkSj nks euksa dk feyu gksrk gSA gekjh laL—fr esa fookg dks tUe&tUekarj dk lacèa k le>k tkrk gSA ifr dks ijes'oj vkSj iRuh dks ?kj dh y{eh ;k vèkkZfa xuh dgk tkrk gSA bl ijaijk ds LFkkf;Ro ds fy, djokpkSFk ,oa rht tSls ozr&mioklksa dh ijaijk gSA Lora=rk izkfIr dh cnyrh ifjfLFkfr;ksa vkSj ik'pkR; lH;rk dk izHkko gekjh laL—fr ij iM+k ftlds QyLo:i ifr&iRuh dk ;g ijaijkxr Lo:i Hkh cnykA ifr&iRuh ds lac/a kksa dk ,d egRoiw.kZ ifjorZu ,dkf/kdkj dh Hkkouk dk lekIr gksuk gSA igys L=h&iq#"k ds dk;Z{ks= fHkUu&fHkUu gksrs FksA iRuh dk ,dkf/kdkj ?kj esa Fkk vkSj ifr dk ckgjA ysfdu vkt ,slk fn[kkbZ ugha nsrkA ?kj ds ca/kuksa dks rksMd + j ukjh iq#"k ds gj {ks= esa izo”s k djus yxh gSA vr% ifr&iRuh ds lac/a kksa ds ijaijkxr ewY; lekIr gksrs tk jgs gSAa vkfFkZd ladV dk iz'u Hkh cnyko dks js[kkafdr djrk gSA igys iq#"k dk blfy, LokfeRo ekuk tkrk Fkk fd og Lo;a dekrk FkkA iRuh ifr ij vkfJr gksrh FkhA mldh leLr lq[k&lqfo/kkvksa dk iwjd ifr gh FkkA mls viuh NksVh ls NksVh pkg ds fy, ifr dks fugkjuk iM+rk FkkA ysfdu vc og Lo;a dekrh gSA vr% ijaijkxr fganw ifjokj dh lkl] llqj vkSj ifr dh lsok djus okyh rFkk lkl ds b'kkjs ij ukpus okyh L=h ugha jghA vkfFkZd le`f) gksus ds dkj.k mlus Lora= O;fDr ds vf/kdkjksa dh ek¡x dh vkSj viuh x`gLFkh dks viuh dYiuk ds vuqlkj <kyus dh Hkh dksf'k'k dhA ubZ dgkuh ds ek/;e ls ;g eq[kj gksrk gS fd tgk¡ iRuh ifr dh bPNk ds fo#) viuh vkfFkZd fo"kerk dks nwj djus rFkk vkRelarfq "V ikus gsrq ukSdjh djrh gS ogha og nkaiR; lac/a kksa esa ikjLifjd vf/kdkjksa ds iz'u dh pqukSrh dk dkj.k curh gSA iq#"k ;qxksa ls izkIr vius vkfèkiR; dks bruh 'kh?kzrk ls NksM+ ugha ikrkA iq#"k >qduk lh[krk ugha vkSj L=h dks >qduk Lohdkj ughaA eksgu jkds'k dh ^,d vkSj ftanxh* dgkuh esa izdk'k vkSj chuk ds ekè;e ls blh izdkj ds nkaiR; lac/a k nz’VO; gS& ^^fookg ds dqN eghus ckn ls gh ifr&iRuh vyx&vyx jgus yxs FksA fookg ds lkFk tks lw= tqMu+ k pkfg, Fkk] og tqM+ ugha ldk FkkA nksuksa vyx&vyx txg dke djrs Fks vkSj viuk&viuk Lora= rkuk&ckuk cqudj th jgs FksA**1 vkfFkZd ftEesnkfj;ksa ds dkj.k dgha&dgha bl VwVu dks Lohdkj dj ysrh gS] O;fDrRo dh Lora=rk dh pkg mls >qdus ugha nsrhA blh izdkj ds eu%fLFkfr ds nkaiR; dk fp=.k jktsna z ;kno dh ^VwVuk* esa miyC/k gksrk gSA tgk¡ yhuk dks fd'kksj ds lkFk ,di{kh; le>kSrk gksus ds dkj.k foQy gks tkrk gSA vehj cki dh csVh yhuk izkQ s l s j fd'kksj dh uih&rqyh vk; ls vius ,s'o;Ze; izlkèku ugha tqVk ldrhA2 vr% vyx gksdj fdlh dkWyt s esa ysDpjjf'ki ysdj thus yxrh gSA ifr&iRuh ds lac/a kksa esa vyxko vkus esa nksuksa dh ifjys[k 'kks/k lanHkZ ¼bZif=dk½

ukSdjh dk Lrj Hkh mÙkjnk;h gksrk gSA ifr csjkstxkj gks ;k mldh ukSdjh vis{kr% fuEuLrj dh gks rks iRuh Lor% ifr ls Å¡ph gks tkrh gS ftls iq#"k dk vga Lohdkj ugha djrk vkSj iRuh ;fn ifr ds foHkkx esa dke djrh gks rks ifr ds fy, fLFkfr vkSj Hkh daBq ktud fl) gksrh gSA iRuh ds lkekU; O;ogkj ls Hkh ifr langs djus yxrk gS fd iRuh mls tkucw>dj uhpk fn[kkuk pkgrh gSA vius uSlfxZd LoHkko ds vuqlkj ukjh vusd diV lgus ds fy, rS;kj jgrh gS fdarq vius izfr vfo'okl ,oa langs lgu ugha dj ldrh ftlds QyLo:i nksuksa ds chp dyg dk tUe gksrk gS vkSj nwfj;k¡ c<+us yxrh gSAa 'kf'k izHkk 'kkL=h us viuh ^xzkz Fs k* dgkuh esa blh fo"k; dks vyx ut+j ls ns[kkA vius vga dks dk;e j[kus vkSj iRuh ls cnyk ysus ds fy, ifr uhp dk;Z djuk 'kq: djrk gSA og rk”k [ksyrk gS] 'kjkc ihdj jkr&jkrHkj ckgj jgus yxrk gSA ifr dk vga blls Hkh lar"q V ugha gks ikrkA og iRuh ds vkWfQl ds gj O;fDr dks mldk ;kj&nksLr djkj nsrk gS vkSj lHkh izdkj ls lac/a kksa dks lsDl ds lanHkZ esa gh ij[krk gSA ^^eq>s ns[kus vkus dk rks cgkuk gS] lc yksx rsjh [kkfrj gh vkrs gSAa **3 blh izdkj ubZ dgkuh esa vk/kqfud thou ls mRiUu nkaiR; lac/a kksa esa vk, folaxfr;ksa dks ;FkkFkZ :i esa izLrqr fd;k x;k gSA gekjh ftanxh es]a gekjs vkl&ikl ds ifjos”k es]a lacaèkksa esa o ifr&iRuh lacaèkksa esa fdruk cnyko vk x;k gS rFkk ifr&iRuh ds chp fdruk vdsykiu] ?kqVu vkSj fujk”kk dh fLFkfr iSnk gks xbZ gS&bu lcdks ysdj ;g ubZ dgkuh l'kDr <ax ls vfHkO;Dr djrh gSA orZeku ;qx esa ifr&iRuh dks ,d&nwljs dks Hkkj ugha ekuuk pkfg, cfYd ,d nwljs ds lkFk lg;ksx ,oa drZO; Hkjk ln~O;ogkj djuk pkfg, rFkk erHksn vkSj vlarks"k mRiUu djus okys dkj.kksa ij fopkj&foe”kZ dj lfg".kqrkiwod Z lqy>k ysuk pkfg,A nwljh rjQ iRuh dks viuh ;ksX;rk] dq”kyrk] O;oLFkkfiz;rk vkSj nwjnf'kZrk tSls ln~x.q kksa ls ifr ,oa mlds ifjokj ds lnL;ksa ds lkFk lkeatL; cSBkuk pkfg,A ;gh lQy nkaiR; dh vkèkkjf'kyk gSA orZeku ;qx esa le; dh ek¡x gS fd ukjh Lora= vkSj Lokoyach rks cus] ijarq mPN`[a ky ughaA og la;fer jgrs gq, viuk fodkl djs vkSj lQyrk ds lksiku ij p<+As ;gh nkaiR; thou dh lQyrk dk ewyea= gS tks Hkkjrh; laL—fr dh fo'ks"krk gSA lanHkZ 1- Ekksgu jkds'k] ,d vkSj ftanxh 2- jktsanz ;kno] VwVu 3- 'kf'k izHkk 'kkL=h] xzksFk

ogh Hkk"kk thfor vkSj tkxzr jg ldrh gS tks turk dk Bhd&Bhd çfrfufèkRo dj ldsA &ihj eqgEen ewful Hkkjrsna q vkSj f}osnh us fganh dh tM+ ikrky rd ig¡p q k nh gS mls m[kkM+us dk tks nqLlkgl djsxk og fu'p; gh Hkwdia èoLr gksxkA &f'koiwtu lgk; ;g fufoZokn gS fd fganv q ksa dks mnwZ Hkk"kk ls dHkh }s"k ugha jgkA &cztuanu nkl

vad&1 % tuojh] 2017

ISSN Applied

izos'kkad

Mwc* miU;kl esa foLFkkiu dh leL;k & gsera k fc fc""V fdlh fo'ks"k fn”kk esa xfr'khy oLrq dks] fLFkfr ifjorZu dks mldk foLFkkiu dgrs gSAa vFkkZr foLFkkiu dk vFkZ gS O;fä] ifjokj vFkok ifjokj ds lewgksa dk ,d LFkku ls fdlh nwljs LFkku ij LFkkukarj.kA vaxt sz h esa foLFkkiu dks fMlIyslesVa dgrs gSAa ;g leL;k rc vkrh gS tc ljdkj ;k dksbZ vkSj fodkl ds uke ij uxj ;k xk¡o dks cjckn dj nsrs gSa vkSj mUgsa dgha vkSj tkus ds fy, etcwj dj nsrs gSAa blls ljdkj mudh tehu vkSj jksth jksVh rks Nhu gh ysrh gS ysfdu mUgsa foLFkkfir djus ds uke ij vius drZO;ksa ls frykatfy ns nsrh gSA O;fä vFkok lekt dh çxfr ds fy, LFkkf;Ro vko';d gSA vr% ckj&ckj foLFkkiu çxfr esa ck/kd gksrk gSA foLFkkiu ds vusd dkj.k gks ldrs gSAa tSls fd Hkwdia ] lqukeh] ck<]+ vdky] egekjh bR;kfn çk—frd vkink,¡] 'k=q ns'k dk vkØe.k vFkok lSfud vfHk;ku] mxzoknh vFkok uDlyoknh vkØe.k] cM+& s cM+s ck¡/kksa dk fuekZ.k vFkok fdlh cM+h unh ij ck¡/k dk fuekZ.k] lkaçnkf;d nax]s jktuSfrd dkj.k] vkS|ksfxdhdj.k vkSj csdkjh] fodkl ;kstuk vkfnA bu lc dkj.kksa ls xk¡oksa dks mtM+rs geus dbZ ckj ns[kk gSA dHkh&dHkh ifjokj] f'k{kk dh vko';drk vFkok vFkksiZ ktZu tSls futh dkj.kksa ls Hkh foLFkkfir gksuk iM+rk gSA cM+s egkuxjksa esa ljdkjh vFkok xSjljdkjh ;kstukvksa o fuekZ.kksa ds dkj.k Hkh xjhc cfLr;ksa esa jgus okys lekt dks foLFkkfir gksuk iM+rk gSA gekjs ns'k esa fodkl ds ekStnw k nkSj esa foLFkkiu dh leL;k cgqr fodV gks xbZ gSA ,d vksj igys gq, foLFkkiu ls =Lr yksxksa dks vHkh U;k; ugha fey ik;k gS] rks nwljh vksj mlls Hkh cM+s iSekus ij fdlku vkSj fo'ks"kdj vkfnoklh fdlku u, fljs ls foLFkkfir gks jgs gSAa fodkl ds Øe esa euq"; us ftu miknkuksa dks fodflr fd;k Fkk vk/kqfud fodkl us fiNyh rhu 'krkfCn;ksa esa u lcdks lesV dj ,d ,slh fn'kk ns nh ftlesa fd flQZ 'kfä'kkyh euq"; gh lqduw ls jg ldrk gSA ekuo lH;rk dk bfrgkl vkSj foLFkkiu laHkor% lekukarj /kkjk,¡ gSAa igyk foLFkkiu dc gqvk] ;g tku ikuk rks vlaHko gSA vukfndky ls fofHkUu lH;rkvksa ds varxZr vusd uxjksa vkSj HkkSfrd lainkvksa ds fuekZ.k us laHkor% foLFkkiu dh uhao j[kh gksxhA foLFkkiu dh uhao esa ewyr% HkkSfrd fodkl gh jgk gSA Hkkjr esa vkfnoklh tulewgksa dk foLFkkiu o iyk;u rks lfn;ksa igys ls gh gks jgk gS ijarq b/kj fodkl ds uke ij cjrh xbZ uhfr;ksa ds dkj.k viuh tehuks]a taxyks]a lalkèkuksa o xk¡oksa ls gh csn[ky ugha gq, cfYd vusd ewY;ks]a uSfrd vo/kkj.kkvks]a thou 'kSfy;ks]a Hkk"kkvksa ,oa laL—fr ls Hkh muds foLFkkiu dh çfØ;k rst gks xbZ gSA bl foLFkkiu esa ljdkjh gLr{ksi o uhfr;ksa ds lkFk&lkFk rFkkdfFkr eq[;/kkjk ds lekt }kjk muds lalk/kuksa ij dCtk djds mUgsa csn[ky dj nsuk Hkh muds foLFkkiu o iyk;u dk eq[; dkj.k jgk gSA vktknh ds ckn ;kstukc) fodkl ls vkfFkZd {ks= esa fo'ks"kr;k vk/kkjHkwr fodkl dk;ksZa esa Økafrdkjh çxfr rks gqbZ ysfdu bl çxfr ifjys[k 'kks/k lanHkZ ¼bZif=dk½

ds fy, mu yk[kksa yksxksa dks bldh Hkkjh dher pqdkuh iM+h ftUgsa fcuk bPNk ds viuh tehu] ?kj vkSj jksth jksVh ls gkFk /kksuk iM+kA gj ns'k esa fodkl uhfr dk y{; çk;% ;gh gksrk gS fd blds rgr lcdks fodkl dk leku vf/kdkj feys] ysfdu gekjs ns'k esa vkt vktknh ds brus o"kksZa ckn Hkh ;gh irk pyk gS fd bl uhfr ls fdN yksxksa dk fodkl vla[; yksxksa dh dher ij gqvk gS] [kkl dj vkfnokfl;ksa dh dher ijA fodkl uhfr ds fu/kkZfjr y{; ds vuqlkj fofHkUu {ks=ksa esa cu jgh ifj;kstukvksa ds ek/;e ls iwjs lekt dks çxfr dh jkg ij ykuk Fkk ysfdu gqvk Bhd blds foijhrA vehj vkSj xjhc] lk/ku laiUu vkSj lk/ku foghu ds e/; dh [kkbZ de gksus ds ctk; vkSj xgjh gksrh xbZ gSA jk"Vªfgr ds uke ij cs'kqekj yksxksa dh tehusa vf/kxzfgr dj mUgsa u dsoy foLFkkfir fd;k cfYd muds lanHkZ esa lafo/kku esa çnÙk ewyHkwr vf/kdkjksa dk Hkh mYya?ku fd;k x;kA Hkkjr ftl j¶rkj ls ^fodkl* vkSj vkfFkZd ykHk dh nkSM+ esa Hkkx ys jgk gS mlh HkkxeHkkx esa 'kgjh vkSj xk¡oksa dh leL;k dks >syuk iM+ jgk gSA tks Hkh FkksMk+ cgqr muds ikl gS oks lc muls Nhuh tkrh gSA fctyh o ikuh vkfn vU; leL;kvksa ls tw>us ds fy, ufn;ksa ij cuk, x, ck¡/k }kjk mRiUu foLFkkiu gh lcls cM+h leL;k gSA foLFkkiu dh bl nkSj esa jktuhfrd fgalk] nykyh vkSj fookn cgqr c<+ x, gSAa foLFkkiu ij tks tu lquokb;ksa dk vk;kstu gksrk gS] og fu;eiwod Z o U;k;laxr <ax ls drbZ ugha gksrk gSA tehu dk cVokjk gks ;k jkstxkj lHkh {ks= esa jktuhfr dk f?kukSuk [ksy [ksyk tk jgk gSA foLFkkfirksa dks mudh tehu ds cnys dqN ugha feyrk rks nwljh vksj Hkw&ekfQ;k ds yksx viuk Qk;nk ns[krs gSAa bu lc dkj.kksa ls turk esa vkØks'k dh Hkkouk us tUe fy;k gSA fVgjh ck¡èk bl ckr dk thfor mnkgj.k gSA yksx iqjkuh fVgjh dks ugha NksMu+ k pkgrs FksA blds fy, fdrus gh fojksèk gq,] tqyl w fudkys x, fdarq ljdkj ds ncko ds dkj.k mUgsa nwljh txg ij cluk iM+kA vius iwot Z ksa dh fojklr dks NksMd + j tkus esa mUgsa fdl nq[k ls xqtjuk iM+k gksxk bl osnuk dks ogh tkurs gSa A foLFkkiu dk ;g nnZ lcls vf/kd vkfnokfl;ksa dks >syuk iM+ jgk gSA vkfnoklh viuh vyx gh nqfu;k esa jgrs gSAa mUgsa bu lc ls dksbZ eryc ugha jgrk( uk gh os viuh ftanxh esa ijaijkvksa vkSj :f<+;ksa ds dkj.k fdlh Hkh rjg dk cnyko ykuk pkgrs gSAa os ç— fr ls feyh HksVa dks gh viuk LoxZ le>rs gSa ysfdu foLFkkiu us mudh ftanxh csgky dj nh gSA os uk rks vc iwjh rjg ls taxyh jgs gSa vkSj uk gh 'kgjh cu ik,A tc ljdkj yksxksa dh tehu dk tcjnLrh vf/kxzg.k dj ysrh gS rks eqvkotk nsrs le; ;g leL;k vkrh gS fd yksxksa ds ikl tehu ls lacfa /kr dkxtkr miyC/k ugha jgrs vkSj ,sls yksxksa dk mlesa crkSj ekfyd ftØ ugha gksrk tks n'kdksa ls ml tehu ij [ksrhckM+h dj jgs gSAa ;gh otg gS fd dbZ xk¡ookyksa dks rks eqvkots dh FkksMh+ jkf'k Hkh çkIr ugha gksrhA nwljh vksj Hkz"V vf/kdkjh fj'or ds fcuk eqvkots dk Hkqxrku ugha djrsA tc iwjk xk¡o foLFkkfir gksrk gS rks LFkkuh; taxy] unh&ukys vkSj pkjs dh tehu Hkh xk¡o okyksa dh igq¡p ls nwj gks tkrh gSA mUgsa tks vLFkk;h iquokZl fn;k tkrk gS ogk¡ vkerkSj ij ewyHkwr lq[k lqfo/kkvksa dk vHkko gksrk gS rFkk vkl ikl jkstxkj ds volj Hkh ugha feyrsA tc xk¡o okyksa dks ;fn eqvkots

vad&1 % tuojh] 2017

ISSN Applied

izos'kkad 63 dk Hkqxru dj Hkh fn;k tkrk gS rks bruk iSlk dHkh ugha ns[kus okys pkgrh gS ;g ljdkjA iwjs xk¡o ds yksxksa dh iwot Z ksa dh vekur dks ifjokj nwj dh lksps fcuk rqjra csotg [kpZ dj nsrs gSa vkSj cqjh vehjksa dh rQjhg dk cankscLr djuk pkgrh gS ljdkjA tc ekrs vknrksa ds f'kdkj gks tkrs gSAa muds ikl vk; dk dksbZ fu;fer dks jers us cxy ds xk¡o iape uxj ds ckjs esa crk;k fd ^jkt?kkV lkèku ugha gksrk gSA blh dkj.k os viuh thfodk vkSj eku&lEeku ck¡/k ds tks Vhys mBk;s Fks uk ck¡/k okyksa us! muesa ls bl rjQ okys xaok nsrs gSa vkSj os ekfyd ls 'kj.kkFkhZ cu tkrs gSAa Vhys esa jkr dks njkj iM+ xbZA ?kkV ij fNdk reke ikuh Vhyk foLFkkfir vFkkZr gVk;k x;kA iqjkus dks gVkus ls gh u, dk vkxeu rksMd + j xk¡oksa esa ?kql x;k gSA iape uxj rd ty gh ty gS ekrs! gksrk gSA flQZ ifjorZu gh ewyr% vkSj iw.kZr% lR; gSA ^Mwc* miU;kl bruk ty tSls çy; vk xbZ gks! ftruk dHkh fdlh ck<+ ds c[kr esa ck¡/k dk fuekZ.k ,d çrhd gSA Mwc ds {ks= ls xk¡o ds yksxksa dks ugha vk;kA tkus fdrus yksx ej [ki x,! fdrus <ks# cNs# Mwc foLFkkfir djuk gS ftlesa ljdkj dh jktuhfr] HkwekfQ;k rFkk x,! fdruh [kM+h Qly Lokg gks xbZAß ¼^Mwc*] ohjsæa tSu] i`- 285½ lekt ds yksxksa ds vlyh psgjs çeq[krk ls mHkjdj vk, gSAa ^^ftyk ekrs ftlus viuh iwjh ftanxh bl xk¡o ds ckjs esa gh lkspk vkt 'kgj esa gesa crk;k x;k fd bl ck¡/k dk ikuh ;gha bdëk fd;k jers dh ckr lqudj og csgks'k gks tkrk gSA dqN le; i'pkr mls tk,xkA jkt?kkV ds bl rjQ tgk¡ viuk xk¡o gS] tgk¡ ckjh VksM]s+ gks'k vkrk gSA iwjk xk¡o Mwc x;k gSA ljdkj dh uhfr] Bsdns kjksa dh 'kadjiqj] iapeuxj] fljlkSfn;] fl)iqj] ds'kkSijq gSAa eryc ;s fd csbeZ kuh dk dgj iapeuxj xk¡o ij cjlk] ck¡/k ds ikuh us iwjs xk¡o ikjh ls çkuiqjk rd ds lc xk¡o [kkyh djok, tk,¡xAs ikuh Nsd a k dks [kqn esa lek fy;kA tk,xk ;gk¡A vius ;s igkM+] ;s iBkfj;k¡ nhokj dk dke djsx a hA ;gk¡ fu"d"kZ :i esa ;gh dgk tk ldrk gS fd fodkl ds uke ij xk¡o ds yksxksa dks dgha var clk;k tk,xkA --vkSj m/kj unh ikj ds Hkh ds yksxksa dks tc foLFkkfir fd;k tkrk gS rks mUgsa cgqr ijs'kkfu;ksa lSd a M+kas xk¡o mtkM+s tk,¡xAs ogk¡ ck¡/k ij dke djus okys baftuh;j] dk lkeuk djuk iM+rk gSA os dgha ds Hkh ugha jg ikrsA ljdkj ;fn vksojfl;j] ckcw] etnwj clsx a As --dbZ cjl rd pysxk dkeA rc dksbZ ;kstuk cukrh gS ;k eqvkotk nsrh gS rks mldk dqN fgLlk gh cu ik,xk ck¡/kA pkj chlh iwjs vLlh djksM+ dynkj [kjp gksx a As rc bUgsa fey ikrk gSA mitkÅ tehu ds cnys esa tks tehu nh tkrh dgha e/; çns'k vkSj mÙkj çns'k dks fey ik,xh mruh fctyh] gS og catj jgrh gSA foLFkkiu ls mudh thou 'kSyh cny tkrh gS ftruh mUgsa t:jr gSA** ¼^Mwc*] ohjsæa tSu] i`- 109½ vkSj os flQZ 'kj.kkFkhZ cudj jg tkrs gSAa ekLlkc ,d v/;kid gSAa os tc 'kgj tkrs gSa rks ogk¡ mUgsa jkt?kkV ck¡/k ifj;kstuk ds ckjs esa irk pyrk gS vkSj os xk¡o vkdj lHkh dks nsgkr dk fojyk gh dksbZ eqlyeku çpfyr mnwZ Hkk"kk ds bldh lwpuk nsrs gSAa xk¡o ds yksx ;g tkudj gSjku gks tkrs gSa fd nl çfr'kr 'kCnksa dks le> ikrk gSA ,d fnu mudk iwjk xk¡o ikuh esa Mwc tk,xkA ml fnu xk¡o esa &lk¡ofy;k fcgkjhyky oekZ fdlh ds ?kj pwYgk ugha tyrk] Hkxoku ds eafnj esa la/;k vkjrh ugha fganh Hkk"kk viuh vusd /kkjkvksa ds lkFk ç'kLr {ks= esa gksrh vkSj uk gh Bkdqj th dks Hkksx yxrk gSA os cksyrs gSa fd ?kj ywVuk] u"V djuk rks Mkdqvksa dk dke gS ysfdu ;gk¡ rks ;g dke ç[kj xfr ls çdkf'kr gks jgh gSA &NfoukFk ikaM;s ljdkj dj jgh gSA og cgqr funZ;h gSA ^^tehuksa dh #i;k fdlkuksa ds gkFk esa vk;k fd cfu;ksa dh pk¡nh gks vkbZA fdlkuksa us gkFk esa vk, nsoukxjh /ofu'kkL= dh –f"V ls vR;ar oSKkfud fyfi dynkj viuh dêh ds [kyhrs esa ckn esa j[ks gksx a s fd igys cfu;ksa gSA us viuk vxyk&fiNyk fglkc pqdrk dj fy;kA** ¼^Mwc*] ohjsæa &jfo'kadj 'kqDy tSu] i`- 191½ fdlkuksa dks ljdkj us mudh tehu ds cnys tks eqvkotk fn;k gekjh ukxjh nqfu;k dh lcls vf/kd oSKkfud fyfi gSA &jkgqy lka—R;k;u rHkh cfu, olwyh ds fy, rS;kj gks x,A cfu, ekSdk ns[krs gh fdlkuksa ds ikl _.k dh jkf'k olwy djus igq¡p x,A vc ;s ykpkj ukxjh çpkj ns'k mUufr dk }kj gSA fdlku dgha ds Hkh ugha jgsA tehu vkSj eqvkots dh jkf'k lc &xksikyyky [k=h lekIr gks x;kA ^^lquk gS fd ljdkj dk bjknk vkids xk¡o dks] lkfgR; dk lzkr s turk dk thou gSA fl)iqjk xk¡o dks fQj ogha igkM+ ij clkus dk gS] tgk¡ igys dHkh &x.ks'k'kadj fo|kFkhZ xqfjyk vkSj fl)iqj xk¡o gqvk djrs FksA ljdkj pkgrh gS fd ;g sz h ls Hkkjr dh j{kk ugha gks ldrhA xk¡o fQj ls igys dh rjg vkckn gks tk, rkfd ns'k fons'k ls vkus vaxt &ia- —- fiYy;kj okys i;ZVd] ;k=h mUgsa ns[kdj tku lds fd Hkkjro"kZ esa igys ds tekus ds yksx fdl rjg jgrs FksA** ¼^Mwc*] ohjsæa tSu] i`- 279½ mlh fnu esjk thou lQy gksxk ftl fnu eSa lkjs cSd a vf/kdkjh vjfoan ikaMs us tc xk¡o ds cqtx q Z O;fä ekrs dks Hkkjrokfl;ksa ds lkFk 'kq) fganh esa okrkZyki d:¡xkA crk;k fd ljdkj ;gk¡ ij vH;kj.; cuk jgh gS vkSj vki ds xk¡o &'kkjnkpj.k fe= dks igkM+ ij clkus dh ;kstuk cuk jgh gSA ;g lqudj ekrs igys ¡ kuk gekjs çk.k/keZ ij vk?kkr rks ekSu jgs fQj mUgksua s xk¡o ds foLFkkiu dh ;kstuk ds fy, vjfoan fganh ds Åij vk?kkr igqp ¡ kuk gSA ikaMs ls dgk fd dksbZ ljdkj dks le>krk D;ksa ugha gS\ xjhcksa ds igqp thou dh cyh ysdj vkneh;ksa dh dher ij tkuojksa dh j{kk djuk &txUukFkçlkn feJ ifjys[k 'kks/k lanHkZ ¼bZif=dk½

vad&1 % tuojh] 2017

ISSN Applied

izos'kkad

64 vf[ky Hkkjrh; fganh lkfgR; lEesyu dk eqt¶Qjiqj ¼fcgkj½ esa lHkkifrRo fd;kA blh o’kZ bUgksua s xq#dqy dk¡xM+h fo”ofo|ky; esa fganh izkQ s l s j in ij Hkh dk;Z fd;kA lu~ 1911 bZ- esa în~eijkx* vkSj îzc/a k eatjh* dk izdk”ku gqvkA ,d ckj ;s laxgz .kh jksx ls xzLr gks x, rks bUgsa gjnqvkxat yk;k x;k] lkFk esa buds iq= dk”khukFk “kekZ Hkh FksA tc ogk¡ ij fpfdRlk ls & veu dqekj ^R;kxh ^R;kxh** dksbZ ykHk u gqvk rks bUgsa eqjknkckn yk;k x;kA ogk¡ Mk-W xaxksyh ia- in~eflag “kekZ dk tUe lu~ 1873 bZ- fnu jfookj QkYxqu lqnh ih;w’kik.kh dh fpfdRlk djk;h xbZA fdarq ,slh voLFkk esa Hkh vfojr 12 laor~ 1933 fo- dks pkaniqj L;kÅ jsyos LVs”ku ls pkj dksl mÙkj :Ik ls bUgksua s lkfgfR;d lsok dhA ml le; Hkh ,slk dksbZ fnu ugha dh vksj uk;d uaxyk uked ,d NksVs ls xk¡o esa gqvk FkkA buds tkrk Fkk ftlesa ;s nl&iangz fpfV~B;k¡ vius fe=ksa dks u fy[krs gksa firk Jh mejko flag xk¡o ds eqf[k;k] izfrf’Br] ijksidkjh ,oa ¼ml le; lsok ds fy, dfo ^”kadj* ¼ia- ukFkwjke “kekZ ds iq=½ buds s cM+s lkfgR;dkjksa dh fpfV~B;ka jkst izHkko”kkyh O;fDr FksA buds ,d NksVs HkkbZ Fks ftudk uke Fkk Jh ikl Fks½ vkSj buds ikl Hkh cM+& fjlky flagA os 1931 bZ- ls iwoZ gh fnoaxr gks x, FksA ia- in~eflag vkrh FkhaA mudk mRrj ;s viuh Hkk’kk esa gh fnyokrs FksA Ms<+ ekl “kekZ dh rhu larku FkhaA buesa lcls cM+h iq=h Fkh vkuanh nsoh] muls rd budh fpfdRlk pyrh jghA dksbZ ykHk u gksus ij bUgksua s NksVs iq= dk uke Jh dk”khukFk Fkk rFkk lcls NksVs iq= jkeukFk “kekZ egkfo|ky; Tokykiqj esa vkus dh bPNk izdV dh vksj dgk&^pyks FksA ia- in~eflag “kekZ ds firk vk;Z lekth fopkj/kkjk ds FksA Lokeh egkfo|ky; pyks( ejuk rks gS gh] mlh iq.; Hkwfe esa izk.k R;kxw¡xk] n;kuan ljLorh dh izfr mudh vR;ar J)k FkhA blh dkj.k mudh xaxk dh xksn esAa * vr% Li’V gS egkfo|ky; ds izfr muesa vkReh;rk #fp fo”ks’k :Ik ls laLÑr dh vksj gqbAZ mUgha dh Ñik ls bUgksua s ,oa J)k dk Hkko FkkA mUgsa egkfo|ky; yk;k x;k( lkFk esa iavusd LFkkuksa ij jgdj Lora= :Ik ls laLÑr dk v/;;u fd;kA Hkhelsu “kekZ Hkh FksA ml le; egkfo|ky; esa Jh fo”oukFk tc ;s 10&11 o’kZ ds Fks rks bUgksua s vius firkJh ls gh v{kjkH;kl eq[;kfèk’Bkrk FksA ;gk¡ vkus ij ia- gfj”kadj “kekZ oS|jkt dh igyh fd;kA fQj edku ij dbZ iafMr v/;kidksa ls laLÑr esa lkjLor] iqfM+;k ls gh bUgsa cgqr ykHk gqvk vkSj ;s chl&ckbZl fnu esa gh iw.kZ dkSenq h] vkSj j?kqo”a k vkfn dk v/;;u fd;k rFkk ,d ekSyoh lkgc LoLFk gks x,A ls mnwZ o Qkjlh dh Hkh f”k{kk yhA lu~ 1894 bZ- esa dqN fnu LoxhZ; ia- in~eflag “kekZ dks ik¡p ckrsa cgqr ilan Fkh& 1- Lok/;k;] 2Hkhelsu “kekZ bVkok fuoklh dh iz;kxfLFkfr ikB”kyk esa v’Vk/;k;h uohu ys[kdksa dks izkRs lkgu] 3- lkfgfR;dksa ls feyuk&tqyuk] 4i<+hA mlds ckn dk”kh tkdj vè;;u fd;kA iqu% eqjknkckn] vfrfFk lRdkj] 5- fe=eaMyh ds lkFk ;k=kA os lkfgfR;d ;k=k ykgkSj] tkya/kj] rktiqj ¼fctukSj½ vkfn LFkkuksa ij Hkh vè;;u cgqr djrs FksA viuh e`R;q ls iwoZ Hkh mudk fopkj Jko.k esa czt dh fd;kA v/;;u lekfIr ds i”pkr~ lu~ 1904 bZ- esa xq#dqy dk¡xM+h ;k=k djus dk FkkA mudk dguk Fkk&^HkkbZ vc dh ckj Jko.k esa esa dqN fnu v/;kiu dk;Z fd;kA mu fnuksa ogk¡ ia- Hkhelsu vkSj czt dh ;k=k djuh pkfg,A vkxjs ds feJ Hkh lkFk gks]a dydÙks ls vkpk;Z ia- xaxknÙk Hkh FksA mlh le; egkRek eq”a khjke ¼Lokeh cukjlhnkl th rFkk Jhjke th dks Hkh cqyk;k tk,A fdarq bl J)kuan½ us ia- #nznÙk th ds laikndRo esa gfj}kj ls lR;oknh lkfgfR;d ;k=k ls iwoZ gh os thou dh vafre ;k=k ij fudy iM+As lkIrkfgd i= dk izdk”ku fd;kA ml le; ia- in~eflag “kekZ Hkh dfoth ¼ia- ukFkwjke “kekZ½ ds lkFk muds ?kfu’B lac/a k FksA dfo th muds laikndh; foHkkx esa FksA budk laiknu ,oa ys[ku dk izkjaHk us viuh izfl) iqLrd ^vuqjkx jRu* fy[kh vkSj mldk leiZ.k ;gha ls gqvkA blds ckn rks “kekZ th dk thou ys[ku] laiknu ,oa dkO; dkuu dsljh ia- in~eflag dks gh fd;k tcfd ,d lTtu vè;kiu vkfn esa gh O;rhr gqvkA izkjaHk esa ^lR;oknh* esa gh dbZ ys[k mUgsa blds fy, ik¡p gtkj #i, nsus dks rS;kj FksA mu lTtu ds fy[ksA blds ckn lu~ 1908 ds izkjaHk esa tc vkpk;Z xaxknÙk xq#dqy dgus ij mudk dguk Fkk fd&eSa viuk izpjq ifjJe ,d dykfon dk¡xM+h NksMd + j _f’kds”k esa jg jgs Fks rks “kekZ th îjkisdkjh* dks gh viZ.k d:¡xk vkSj esjh jk; esa ia- in~eflag “kekZ blds fy, ¼ekfld½ if=dk ds ^laiknd* gksdj vtesj oSfnd ;a=ky; esa x,A loZJ’s B gSAa ogk¡ ij bUgksua s îjksidkjh* ds lkFk gh dqN fnu rd ^vukFk j{k.ke~* fganh txr esa ^Hkkjrksn;* dk Hkh laiknu fd;kA lu~ 1909 bZ- esa budk vkxeu Tokykiqj ^Hkkjrksn;* dk izkjaHk lu~ 1909 bZ- ¼T;s"B 'kqDy la- 1966½ esa gqvk egkfo|ky; esa gqvkA ;gk¡ bUgksua s ^Hkkjrksn;* ¼egkfo|ky; dk eq[ki=] FkkA blds laiknd] in~eflag 'kekZ vkSj lgk;d laiknd ia- ujnso s ^/keZfnokdj ekfld½ dk lEiknu ,oa lkFk gh v/;;u dk;Z Hkh fd;kA lu~ 1911 'kkL=h osnrhFkZ FksA bls ia- 'kadjnÙk 'kekZ us vius izl iz l s * eq j knkckn es a Nkik vkS j ia Hkhels u 'kekZ us xq # dq y egkfo|ky; bZ- esa bUgksua s egkfo|ky; dh izc/a k lfefr ds ea=h in ij Hkh dk;Z fd;kA bl izdkj egkfo|ky; dh vfojy lsok djrs jgsA buds Tokykiqj ls izdkf'kr fd;kA bldk okf"kZd ewY; Ms<+ #i, rFkk laikndRo esa ^Hkkjrksn;* if=dk us [kwc [;kfr izkIr dhA lu~ 1927 fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds fy, ,d #i;k FkkA ;g xq#dqy egkfo|ky; Tokykiqj esa buds firk th dk nsgkar gks x;kA bl dkj.k bUgsa egkfo|ky; dk êkfld i=* ?kksf"kr fd;k x;kA if=dk ds vkoj.k ij lcls Åij lwpuk nh xbZ Fkh fd ^^vxyh NksM+ ?kj vkuk iM+kA egkfo|ky; NksMu+ s ds ckn Jh;qr~ f”koizlkn xqIr ds vuqjks/k ij ;s la[;k esa dfooj ^'kadj* dh et+ns kj dfork ^va/ksj [kkrk* Nisxh** Kku eaMy esa x,Alu~ 1920 dks eqjknkckn esa la;Dq r izkra h; fganh rRi'pkr ,d vkd"kZd ckMZj vkSj fQj AAvks3eAA ds ckn vkd"kZd lkfgR; lEesyu ds lHkkifr cusA blh o’kZ budh ekrk th dk lkt&lTtk ds lkFk fy[kk x;k Fkk ^Hkkjrksn;*A if=dk ds 'kh"kZd nsgkUr gks x;k FkkA lu~ 1922 bZ- esa bUgsa ^fcgkjh lrlbZ* ij ds uhps /;s; Li’V fd;k x;k Fkk& eaxykizlkn iqjLdkj ls lEekfur fd;k x;kA lu~ 1928 esa bUgksua s ^^fu'kE;rka ys[kyyke lap;] izdk'kus ;su —rks·frfu'p;%A

ia- in~eflag 'kekZ vkSj ^Hkkjrksn;*

ifjys[k 'kks/k lanHkZ ¼bZif=dk½

vad&1 % tuojh] 2017

ISSN Applied

izos'kkad 65 x`ghrl)eZfo'ks"kla”k;] ÜodkfLrlks;Ha kqfo ^Hkkjrksn;%**AA vkfrFks;rk dk ifjp; nsx a s vkSj bls foeq[k vkSj fujk'k u ykSVk,axs ^Hkkjrksn;* ds fu;e bl izdkj cuk, x, & D;ksfa d %& 1- ;g i= izfrekl xq#dqy egkfo|ky; Tokykiqj ls izdkf'kr gksrk ^^vfrfFk;ZL; HkXuk'kks] x`gkRizfrfuorZrAs gSA l rLeS nq’Ñra nÙok] iq.;eknk; xPNfrAA** 2- mldk okf’kZd ewY; loZlk/kkj.k ls Ms<+ #i, fy;k tk,xkA Hkkjrksn; dk fo’k;okj vuqØe bl izdkj Fkk& fo|kfFkZ;ksas dks ,d #i;k esa vkSj egkfo|ky; ds lHkklnksa dks eq¶r] 1- osneU=kFkZid z k'k---------—osnrhFkZ 1 iqLrdky;ksa vkSj vleFkZ fo|kjfldksa dks MkdO;; ysdjA 2- Hkkjrksn; ¼dfork½------Jh ia- ukFkwjke 'kadj 'kekZ 4 3- i= dk eq[; mís'; egkfo|ky; Tokykiqj dks yksdfiz; cukuk 3- lq[kokn---------Jh ekLVj xaxkizlkn ch-,9 rFkk rRlac/a kh lekpkjksa dk izdkf'kr djuk gksxkA blesa /kkfeZd] 4- efgykeaMy---------,d czkã.k 14 lkekftd vkSj f'k{kk lac/a kh rFkk yksdksi;ksxh ys[k jgk djsx a ]s fganh 5- Hkzkr`Hkko------lgk;d laiknd 18 lkfgR; dk lq/kkj Hkh bldk y{; gksxkA fdlh er] tkfr ;k O;fDr 6- iz—frLro% ¼laL—r dfork½ ------ Jh ia- Hkhelsu 'kekZ 21 ij dksbZ vlH;] v#arnq ;k dygkRed ys[k blesa izdkf'kr u gksx a As 7- eslesfjT+e vkSj la/;k------ jk-c-ek- vkrekjke th 22 4- ckgj ls vk;s ys[kksa esa dkV NkaV vkSj U;wukf/kd djus dk iwjk 8- egkfo|ky; lekjaHk--------25 vfèkdkj laiknd dks jgsxkA 9- e-fo- lekpkj] yksdo`Ùk bR;kfn-----------34 5- lekykspuk dh iqLrds]a cnys ds i=] ys[k] laiknd ds uke vkus yksdo`Ùk ds varxZr tks lekpkj izFke vad esa izdkf'kr fd,x, Fks] pkfg,¡A vkSj i= u igqp a us dh lwpuk,a] xzkgd gksus dh nj[okLrs]a mues& a *ns'kHkä-- Jh vjfoan ?kks’k] dfo v/;kid vkSj cSfjLVj ¼ÁksewY; vkfn] izdk'kd vFkok izcaèkdrkZ ^Hkkjrksn;* ds ukeA bd+cky lac/a kh½] vehj dh mnkjrk ¼vehj dkcqy ds izk.kgj.k dh 6- i= esa fdlh izdkj ds vlH; vkSj /kks[kk nsuos kys foKkiu ugha lkft+'k lac/a kh lekpkj½] Q+kjl vkSj VdhZ ¼nksuksa jkT;ksa esa [kwu[kjkch Nisx a s u rdlhe gksx a ]s ,sls egk'k;ksa dks ;g ckr /;ku esa j[kdj ds ckn 'kkafr lac/a kh lekpkj½] ty izy; ¼nf{k.k esa 7&8 ebZ dks 48 izkFkZuk djuh pkfg,A lc izdkj dk i=O;ogkj egkfon~;ky; Tokykiqj ?kaVs ds vanj 23 bap ikuh dh cjlkr ls vkbZ tyizy; lac/a kh ftyk lgkjuiqj] bl irs ij gksuk pkfg,A lekpkj gSnjkckn ls izkIr gqvk Fkk½] flagy }hi ¼flyksu½ esa ^Hkkjrksn;* ds izFke vad ds i`’B la[;k 33 ij ^^Hkkjrksn; dh fo'ofo|ky; LFkkiuk dk lekpkj vkfn lekpkjksa ds vfrfjDr mn;dFkk** 'kh"kZd ls Hkh tkudkjh nh xbZ gS& vusd lekpkj Hkh izdkf'kr fd, tkrs FksA egkfo|ky; ds lac/a k esa ,d i= dh vko';drk dk vuqHko djds &rk- 11 ebZ dh ve`r ckt+kj if=dk esa fdlh eqEcbZ ds O;kikjh desVh ds ,d fo'ks’k vf/kos'ku esa fuf'pr gqvk fd fo|ky; dh vksj egksn; ds VkbEl vkQ bafM;k esa fy[ks gq, ys[k dk lkjka'k Nik gSA ls ,d ekfld i= fudkyk tk; ftldk eq[; mn~n's ; fo|ky; dks mlls Kkr gksrk gS fd vgfuZ'k Lons'kh eky dh vksj O;kikfj;ksa dk yksdfiz; cukuk vkSj rRlac/a kh lekpkjksa dks loZlk/kkj.k rd igqp ¡ kdj /;ku vkdf’kZr gks jgk gSA ;g Kkr gqvk gS fd iwoZ o’kZ dh vis{kk fgrlk/ku dh ps’Vk rFkk rn~FkZ lgk¸; izkfIr dk m|ksx gksA blds eqEcbZ esa Ms<+ y{k dikl ds xV~Bs vf/kd vk,A tkiku us 290000 vfrfjDr erlac/a kh foraMkoknksa ls cpdj /kkfeZd] lkekftd vkSj xV~Bs e¡xk,A blls c<+dj Lons'kh dh Ñrdk;Zrk dk D;k izek.k f'k{kk fo’k; ij Hkh ml esa fy[kk tk;k djs] fganh lkfgR; dh iwfrZ gksxk fd 12 o’kZ iwoZ Lons'kh eky ij VSDl }kjk X;kjg yk[k izkIr vkSj lq/kkj Hkh ml dk iz/kku y{; gksA bR;kfn iz;kstuksa dks lkeus gq, FksA vkt mlh ij ljdkjh vk; 33 y{k gks xbZ gSA j[kdj ^Hkkjrksn;* dk mn; gqvk gSA tSlk fd i=ksa esa lwpuk nh xbZ & vesfjdk esa fcukSyksa ls ?kh cukus ds ipklksa dkj[kkus gSAa vc Fkh] 1 e ¼izfrink½] oS'kk[k ls i= fudkyus dk fopkj Fkk] ijarq dbZ lekpkj i=ksa esa ppkZ gS fd cEcbZ esa Hkh ,slk dkj[kkuk [kqyus okyk vfuok;Z fo?uksa ls i= izfrKkr le; ij u fudy ldkA ftldkj.k gSA ¼vk'kk gS nqX/knzkgs h yk- nsohnkl th vk;Z ;g lqudj cgqr [kq'k vusd Hkkjrksn;kfHkyk’kh] lTtuksa us cM+s mRdaBk vkSj mRlkg Hkjs gksx a ½s A Hkkjro’kZ dk djksMk+ as eu ?kh ijns'k pyk tkrk gSA vc og “kCnksa esa i= izdk'ku ds fy, vuqjks/k fd;k vkSj bPNk izdV dh fnu vkus okyk gS tc fcukSyksa dk ?kh feysxk] vesfjdk okyksa dh [kwc ftlls izdk'kdksa dk mRlkg f}xqf.kr gks x;kA i= dks jkspd vkSj cusxhA Lons'kh ds izes h m|ksx djsa fd Hkkjr dk ?kh Hkkjr gh esa jgsA mi;qDr cukus dk ;Fkk'kfDr iz;Ru fd;k tk,xkA izfl) fo}ku ijekRek bl uohu ?k`r ls cpkosAA vkSj dfo;ksa ds ys[k blesa jgk djsx a As cgqr ls fo}kuksa us viuh & ik'pkR; fo}kuksa ds cqf)oS'k| dks ns[kdj vkg~ykn gq, fcuk ugha ys[kekfydk }kjk i= dks vyaÑr djus dk iz.k dj fy;k gS] ftuesa jgrk] isfjl esa izfl) vuqHkoh T;ksfr'kkL= fo'kkjnksa dh ,d lHkk ls nks pkj ds uke izdkf'kr fd;s tkrs gSAa ;Fkk&Jh;qr jkocgknqj gksus okyh gS ftlesa vkdk'k ds izR;sd Hkkx dk fp= [khapk tkosxkA ekLVj vkRekjkethA Jheku~ dfooj if.Mr ukFkwjke “kadj “kekZA vkdk'k ds 22054 foHkkx fd, x, gSAa izR;sd Hkkx dk i`Fkd~ i`Fkd~ Jh;qDr izkQ s l s j iw.kZ flagth baihfj;y QkjsLV dsfeLVA Jh ck-xaxk fp= jgsxk] rkjs] mudh xfr o mudk fLFkfr LFkku vkfn dk Hkh izlkn th ch-,-] Jh ck- vk'kkjke th ch-,-] Jh ia- jkeukjk;.k feJ vn~Hkqr n`'; jgsxkA xzhfup dh os/k'kkyk dh vksj ls blh fo’k; ij ch-,-] Jh ia- jkepUnz 'kekZ bathfu;j] oS|jkt JhdY;k.k flag th] nks vn~Hkqr xzFa k izdkf'kr gq, gSa ftuesa 19000 rkjksa dk lfp= o.kZu JhLokeh eaxynso th laU;klh] bR;kfnA gSA bl fo’k; esa vUos"k.k djus ds fy, vU; osèk'kkyk,a Hkh ;Ru dj i= dk ewY; cgqr gh deA ukeek= Ms<+ #i, j[kk x;k gS] bl ij jgh gSAa fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks ,d esa gh fn;k tk;xk] vkSj fo|ky; desVh ds esEcj & ,d T;ksfrfoZn~ dk dFku gS fd ;s brus vla[; rkjkx.k D;ksa eq¶r ikosx a As ,slh n'kk esa ^Hkkjrksn;kfHkyk’kh* egk'k;ksa dk drZO; gS cuk, x,A gekjs izdk'k ds fy, rks bu dh vko';drk ugha] D;ksfa d fd os Lo;a blds xzkgd cusa vkSj nwljksa dks cukos]a ftu lTtuksa ds ftruk panez k gS mlls og dqN vkSj cM+k gks rks jkf= dk dke vkSj ;gk¡ vfrfFk ds :Ik esa ^^Hkkjrksn;** igq¡p]s vk'kk gS fd os viuh Hkh vPNk py ldrk gSA gedks o`Fkk langs esa Mkyus ds fy, dgs]a rks ifjys[k 'kks/k lanHkZ ¼bZif=dk½

vad&1 % tuojh] 2017

ISSN Applied

izos'kkad 66 bZ'oj dk bl esa D;k iz;kstu gSA blls fofnrk gksrk gS fd rkjs Hkh ^Hkkjrksn;*dk la?k’kZ lw;oZ r~ Lora= izdk'k ds xksyd gSAa vkSj u tkus D;k D;k gSA ^Hkkjrksn;* lk-i-¼lkIrkfgd izdk”ku½ o’kZ 1 iqutZUe esa izdkf'kr bl & feykSuh uked fo}ku~ dk dFku gS fd panez k dh fdj.kksa esa Hkh ys[k ls irk pyrk gS&Hkkjrksn;&bl uke esa fdruh tknw Hkjh gS] m’.krk dk dqN va'k gksrk gSA osful] YQksjUs l o inuk ds ouLifrx`g ;g uke fpÙk dks ftruk vkg~ykn~ nsrk gS] bl uke ls jg jgdj esa dbZ fo}ku us bl fo’k; esa cgqr dqN vuqHko djds ns[kk gS ¼dgha ftu ftu ckrksa dh ;kn vkrh gS vkSj ;kn dj dj ftl rjg th ;g fo}ku “kdqra yk ds nq";ar rks ugha! mUgksua s Hkh panez k ls vfXu Hkj vkrk gS og lc vuqHko djus dh ckrsa gSa vkSj izR;sd Hkkjroklh >M+rs ns[kh Fkh½ Lo;a vuqHko dj gh jgk gSA “kCnksa ls ekufld fLFkfr dk ?k.kku & jaxuw ds lekpkj ls fofnr gksrk gS nks teZu fo}ku ifFkd esdkax v”kD; gSA ij Hkkjrksn; “kCn ds vFkZ dks izkIr djus ds ekxZ esa tks unh ds lzkrs dh [kkst yxkus ds fy, tk jgs Fks] ekxZ esa fdlh nq’V fodV ?kkfV;k¡ gSa mudks ikj djrs djrs dHkh dHkh tks fujk”kk Nk us mudks ekj fn;kA oLrqr% ik'pkR; fo}ku ^^ukg~eLehfr lkgle~** tkrh gS] og Hkh vo.kZuh; gSA ij lPps ;k=h dks ;g fujk”kk bl rRo ij pyus okys gSAa blhfy, izR;sd dk;Z esa _f) o flf) LoYidky rd gh ?ksj ldrh gSA ftldh n`f’V mfn~n’V LFky ij buds lUeq[k gkFk tksMs+ [kM+h jgrh gSAa bu nks egkuqHkkoksa dk uke yxh gqbZ gS og dc dfBukb;ksa dh ijokg djrk gS\ og dc pSu czugscj o gjfLDeV~t gSA ^^fy[ks tc rd ft, lQjukes] py fn, ysrk gS\ og viuksa dh g¡lh et+kd Hkh lgrk gS] nwljksa dh euekuh gkFk esa dye FkkesA** Hkh lgrk gS] vkSj ikj gks gh tkrk gSA tc ?kkVh ij p<+dj uhps & feLVj ,Q+- M~;d w phQ lsØVs jh caxky xoesUZ V us ,d izfl) ns[kus yxrk gS rc igys g¡lus okys yTtk ds ekjs viuh xnZu >qdk i=d fudkyk gS ftlesa iqfyl dks naxs fQlkn ds ekSds ij cand w as dj [kM+s jgrs gSAa ,sls ohj iqx a o dk vknj djus yxrs gS]a mlds ihNs dSlh nkx+uh pkfg, vkSj fQlknh yksxksa ij jksc Mkyus ds fy;s D;k pyuk lh[krs gSAa tks n”kk vlyh Hkkjrksn; ds lEeq[k gS ogh n”kk djuk pkfg, bldk o.kZu fd;k gSA vc rd flQZ Mjkus ds fy, dkxt+h Hkkjrksn; ds lEeq[k gSA ;g fdl izdkj ekfld :Ik esa [kkyh cand w as NksMh+ tkrh Fkha vc lpeqp Hkjh gqbZ NksMh+ tkosx a As fudyk] fQj lkIrkfgd gqvk] fQj dVkjiqj ds naxy ds le; & yksdekU; Jh;qr fryd Hkxon~xhrk ij dqN fy[k jgs gSAa xhrk ?kcjkdj iwoZ izdk”kd us fdl izdkj fcuk lwpuk fn, gh ?kj cSBs ds HkkX; [kqyAs ns[ksa ;g egkiq#’k xhrk ij D;k fy[krs gSAa vkids nks fMDysj”s ku [+kkfjt djk;k] fdl izdkj vusd foifÙk;ksa ls egkfo|ky; lqifz l) xzFa k ^^n vkdZfVdgkse bu n osnkt+**¼1903½] ^vksfjvu*¼1893½ dh o lapkydksa dh tku cph] fdl izdkj fQj m|ksx gqvk vkSj ns[kus ;ksX; gS& a vxk/k ikafMR; dk izek.k gSAa vkidk xhrk Hkk’; Hkh izFke ckj 1000 #i, dh o f}rh;okj 2000 dh tekur ek¡xh xbZA mTToy xq.kksa ls mTToy gksxkA bu lc ckrksa ds fy[kus dh vko”;drk ughaA ge pkgrs] rks Hkkjr & cM+kns k jkT; esa izkFkfed f'k{kk fcuk 'kqYdkfn fy, gh nh tkrh gSA Hkj esa bl ckr dk gYyk epk nsrs ij egkfo|ky; ds lapkyd Hkkjro’kZ esa ;g ,d gh LVsV gS tgk¡ ;g izc/a k gqvk gSA bl fo’k; esa pqipki dke djuk gh vf/kd ilan djrs jgs bl fo”okl ij fd ljdkj lksprs gh lksprs jg xbZA vkt rd dqN u dj ldh cM+knS k dHkh rks bu dfBukb;ksa dk var gksxkA lqnh?kZ ifjJe ds i”pkr~ vc egkjkt us bl izFkk dk izkjaHk gh dj MkykA dgha tkdj eqjknkckn ds dysDVj us fcuk tekur ^^Hkkjrksn;** ds vk;Z ^lkekftd lekpkj* Hkh vafre i`’B ij izdkf'kr fd, x,& izdk”ku dh vkKk nh gS vkSj blhfy, vc ;g vkidh lsok esa fQj & xq#dqy egkfo|ky; ds mRlo ls ykSVrs gq, ia- x.kifr “kekZ th igq¡p jgk gSA bldks viukb,] bldks iqpdkfj,] bldh lgk;rk us nks O;k[;ku lgkjuiqj esa vR;ar izHkko'kkyh fn,A fQj ogk¡ ls dhft,] bldk mRlkg c<+kb,A bldh vuqifLFkfr esa egkfo|ky;ksa fnYyh igq¡p]s vkSj ogk¡ ,d lIrkg O;k[;kuksa dh /kwe epk nh] fnYyh esa Hkh ;qxkarj mifLFkr gks x;k FkkA ml ;qxkarj dh jke dgkuh okfl;ksa ij mudk cgqr izHkko iM+kA fy[kus dk ;g izlx a ugha gSA mudks ;kn dj th Hkj vkrk gSA & vizy S esa xq#dqy xqt q jkaokyk dk okf’kZdksRlo cM+h jkSud ls gqvkA ftUgksua s Hkqxrk ogh tku ldrs gSa fd ;qxkarj Fkk] fd cyk Fkh] /keZppkZ esa fHkUu fHkUu eroknh lfEefyr gq, Fks] vPNk vkuan jgk] egkfo|ky; ds thou dk iz”u Fkk] fd ej.k dkA Hkxoku dh Ñik e-fo- ls Jh ia- ujnso 'kkL=h osnrhFkZ Hkh ièkkjs FksA xq#dqy xqtjkaokyk ls ;qxkarj vk;k o x;kA cyk,a vkbZa vkSj xbZa vkxs dh jke tkusA esa bl le; 57 czãpkjh izfo’V gSAa 3200 ds djhc èku ,d= gqvkA vc rd jke th us gh j{kk dh gSA ^p<+ tk jke Hkyh djsx a *s &;gh Jheku yk- jykjketh dk iq#’kkFkZ iz'kaluh; gSA rRo lapkydksa ds lEeq[k gSA Hkkjrksn; dh iqjkuh uhfr ml le; & mlds ihNs vk;Z lekt xqtjkr ¼iatkc½ dk mRlo Hkh lkuan dh mu mu ijfLFkfr;ksa ds dkj.k ^LokRe&j{kk* FkhA D;ksfa d pgq¡ vksj lekIr gqvkA gekjs eq[;kfèk’Bkrk Jh ia- ujnso th ogk¡ Hkh i/kkjs FksA dh ekjèkkM+ vkSj tfVy rFkk Øwj la?kVuksa esa ml uhfr ds fcuk & 28-05-09 ls 1&6 rd fnYyh lnj vk;Z lekt dk mRlo cM+s ^egkfo|ky;* dh j{kk gksuk vlaHko FkkA vc le; cny x;k] “k=q lekjksg ls gksxk] 3 fnu /keZppkZ ds fy, jD[ks gSAa ml ij Jh ia- rFkk fe=ksa ds n`f’Vdks.k Hkh cny x,] blfy, Hkkjrksn; esa vkxs x.kifr 'kekZ th] Jh ia- Hkhelsu th vkSj Jh ia- ujnso th 'kkL=h csgnw k [kaMu&eaMu dks LFkku u feysxkA jkx}s"kkRed ys[k jíh dh vkfn vusd fo}ku i/kkjsx a As Vksdfj;ksa esa Qsd a fn, tk,axAs le; dh xfr ds vuqlkj ftlls Hkh var esa ^fuosnu* fd;k x;k Hkkjrksn; gksxk mu lc dk;ksaZ esa lgk;d gksuk Hkkjrksn; dh uhfr ftu lTtuksa us ^Hkkjrksn;* esa lekykspuk ds fy, iqLrdsa Hksth gSa jgsxhA ize[q k Hkkx fu%”kqYd izkphu f”k{kk dk jgsxkA muls izkFkZuk gS fd vxyh la[;k esa lekykspuk fudysxh] rc rd dqy feykdj ^Hkkjrksn;* dk izkjaHk fganh lkfgR; vkSj i=dkfjrk larks’k j[ksAa ftu lg;ksfx;ksa dh lsok esa ^Hkkjrksn;* igq¡p]s muls txr esa egRoiw.kZ ?kVuk gSA if=dk esa fganh] laL—r] mnw]Z vaxt sz h fou; gS fd blds cnys esa vius vewY; i= Hkstdj vuqxg` hr djsAa “kCnksa ls dksbZ ijgst ugha j[kk x;k gS] u gh if=dk ds ikBd dksA ^Hkkjrksn;* dks izFke vad ds ckn jftLVª's ku ua- A 476 izkIr gks lanHkZ 1- Hkkjrksn; dk izFke vad x;kA vxys vad esa ;g uacj izdkf'kr fd;k x;kA 2- Hkkjrksn; lkIrkfgd dk iqutZUekad 3- xq#dqy egkfo|ky; dh Lekfjdk ¼ghjd t;arh½

ifjys[k 'kks/k lanHkZ ¼bZif=dk½

vad&1 % tuojh] 2017

ISSN Applied

izos'kkad

Økafr dk chti= % vkapfyd i=dfjrk & vjfoan dqekj flag

^^[khapks u dekuksa dks] u ryokj fudkyks tc rksi eqdkfcy gks rks v[kckj fudkyksA** xaxk&;equk vkSj ljLorh ds laxe dh jsrh ls tc ;s Økafrdkjh iafDr;ka vdcj bykgkcknh dh “kk;jh ls tuekul ds fnyksa esa mrj jgh Fkha( rks iz;kx oSlk ugha Fkk] tSlk vkt fn[krk gSA rhFkZjkt dh ;g /kjrh Økafrdkfj;ksa dh laxe LFkyh Fkh rks ns”k dh jktuhfr dh ,d ize[q k /kqjhA vkuan Hkou] [kqljks ckx vkSj daiuh xkMsuZ dk vrhr Hkkjr ds egku Økafrdkfj;ksa dh thoar dgkfu;ksa dh dFkkHkwfe FkhA jktdh; laxgz ky; dh izkphjksa ds e/; vla[; lkfgR; dh vej ltZuk,a vkSj dFkk,a tUehaA tks ns”k vkSj nqfu;k ds ekul ij iwjh vkLFkk vkSj fo”okl ds lkFk vkt Hkh teh gSa vkSj fo”okl gS fd d+;ker rd yksxksa ds fnyksa esa Lianu djrh jgax s hA egku “kk;j vdcj bykgkcknh us ^rksi* tSls ?kkrd gfFk;kj dk Hkh eqdkcyk ^v[+kckj* ls djus dh ckr dh rks fuf”pr gh blesa ^rksi* ls T+;knk ?kkrd vkSj ekjd {kerk gksxhA v[k+ckj dh ;g {kerk gS fd og O;fDr gh ugha cfYd O;oLFkk dks cny ldrk gSA rksi vkSj xksyh dk y{; lhfer gS ysfdu v[k+ckj lekt dk ekul gksrk gSA og mldk f”k{kd vkSj izf”k{kd Hkh gksrk gSA Økafr vkSj “kkafr dk chtea= mlds xHkZ esa iyrs gSa rks vkanksyu vkSj ifjorZu dh t+ehu Hkh rS;kj djrk gSA nqfu;k dk igyk v[k+ckj lu~ 1340 esa phu ls tc fudyk rc rd mldh bl vikj “kfDr dk vanktk “kk;n lalkj dks ugha gqvk FkkA1 fganLq rku dks ^caxky xtsV*2 ds izdk”ku ds le; gh bldh rkdr vkSj izHkko dk vglkl gks x;k FkkA oSls ^laokn* dh rkdr vkSj {kerk dk ifjp; fganLq rku dks jktra=h “kklu vkSj egkHkkjr dky esa gh gks x;k FkkA ikSjkf.kd vk[+;kuksa esa Hkh ûkjn* dk pfj= izkFkfed i=dkj dk lk fn[krk gS] rks egkHkkjr ds lat; dh fnO;&n`f’V] ;q){ks= ds n`';ksa dk ltho fp=.k /k`rjk’Vª ls djrs gq, fn[kkbZ nsrh gSA i=dkfjrk ;k v[k+ckj dh ;g “kfDr fuf”pr gh ^laokn* dh “kfDr gS] tks euq’; dh izk—frd “kfDr gS] ftlds ewy esa ftKklk vkSj jgL;ksa ls inkZ mBkuk gSA laokn djus vkSj tkuus dh “kfDr gh i=dkfjrk dh okLrfod “kfDr gSA laokn dh bl izfØ;k ls vkxs c<+dj lu~ 1447 esa xqVus cxZ us fiafz Vax izl s dk bZtkn dj lalkj esa fizfVax rduhdh ls Økafr yk nhA vkt dh ,Mokal rduhdh ds ewy esa xqVus cxZ ds fopkjksa dk gh foLrkj gSA Hkkjrh; lafo/kku ds ewy vf/kdkjksa esa ôkd~ Lora=rk*3 izR;sd O;fDr dks Hkk’k.k rFkk vfHkO;fDr dh Lora=rk ds vf/kdkj dh xkjaVh nsrk gSA blh Lora=rk esa izl s dh Lora=rk Hkh “kkfey gSA izl s dh Lora=rk lkekftd rFkk jktuhfrd lekxe dk eeZ gSA Û;k;ky;ksa dk ;g izkFkfed drZO; gS fd os izl s dh Lora=rk dks cuk, j[ksa vkSj mu lHkh fof/k;ksa ;k iz”kklfud dk;Zokfg;ksa dks vfof/kekU; dj nsa tks lao/S kkfud lekns”k ds izfrdwy blesa gLr{ksi djrh gaAS *4 bldk vFkZ ;g gS fd îzR;sd s ukxfjd vius fopkjks]a fo”oklksa vkSj n`<+ fu”p;ksa dks fuckZèk :i ls rFkk fcuk fdlh jksd&Vksd ds ekSf[kd “kCnksa }kjk] ys[ku] eqn.z k] fp=.k ds }kjk vFkok fdlh vU; <ax ls vfHkO;Dr djus ds fy, Lora= gSA*5 i=dkfjrk dh bl “kfDr dks ifjys[k 'kks/k lanHkZ ¼bZif=dk½

Hkkjrh; lafo/kku us laj{k.k iznku fd;k gSA ;fn dksbZ ljdkj ;k ljdkjh laxBu bl ij jksd ;k lsl a jf”ki yxkus dk iz;kl djrh gS rks ;g fof/kekU; ugha gks ldrk gSA blh Øe esa ^fdlh lekpkj i= ij vuxZy lal s jf”ki yxkuk*6 ;k mls ^Toyar lkekftd fo’k;ksa ij vius ;k vius laoknnkrkvksa ds fopkjksa dks izdkf”kr djus ls jksduk] Hkk’k.k vkSj vfHkO;fDr dh Lora=rk ds vf/kdkj dk mYya?ku gksxkA*7 ^;g vf/kdkj ukxfjdksa dks Hkkjr ds jkT; {ks= ds Hkhrj gh ugha cfYd bldh lhekvksa ds ikj Hkh izkIr gSA*8 ;g laokn dh rkdr gh gS fd fganLq rku eas igyk v[k+ckj fudkyus dh ps’Vk djus okys fofy;e oksYV~l us Hkh ;gh b”rgkj ¼laokn½ tkjh fd;k FkkA ^^esjs ikl cgqr lkjh ,slh ckrsa gSa tks eq>s dguk gS vkSj ftudk lac/a k gj O;fDr ls gSA** ftlls ^?kcjk;h ^bZLV bafM;k* dEiuh us oksYVl dks cykr~ Lons”k jokuk dj fn;kA*9 ftl v[kaM fganLq rku dks yxHkx Ng lkS o’kkZas rd fons”kh vkSj fotkrh; geykojks]a vkØkarkvksa vkSj “kkldksa ds egRokdka{kkvksa ds iSjksa rys jkSna k x;k] ftldh lH;rk vkSj laL—fr dh v[kaM vkSj v{kq..k ijaijk dks fons”kh geyksa ls dqpyk x;k( og fganLq rkuh ijaijk vkSj laL—fr] yk[k&yk[k t[+eksa vkSj oSnfs ”kd otzikrksa ds ckn Hkh viuh Lons”kh lH;rk vkSj laL—fr dh egd vf[ky fo”o esa lqokflr djrh jghA ckotwn fganLq rku us tgka fons”kh lH;rkvksa dk Vdjko >syk gS ogha vius dks] leUo; ds vVwV ca/kuksa ls Hkh ckaèkk gSA ^vk;ksZa vkSj vuk;ksZa dk la?k’kZ ns[kk rks rqdks]aZ “kdks]a gq.kks]a ;wukfu;ks]a flfFkfu;ks]a poZjks]a Mpks]a Ýkalhfl;ks]a iqrx Z kfy;ksa vkSj eqxyksa dk Vdjko Hkh ns[kkA*10 ^ywVk] VwVk] c¡Vk ckotwn ewy ls dHkh ugha dVk*] ;gh ^fganLq rku* dh igpku vkSj ijaijk gS] ftls _f’k;ksa vkSj eqfu;ksa us lisjksa vkSj Q+dhjksa ds bl ns”k dks vkLFkk vkSj fo”okl ds vVwV Hkko ls lhapk gSA bl egkns”k dks ftu fons”kh “kkldksa us lcls vf/kd le; rd vius izHkqRo esa j[kk] os nqfu;k dh lcls cqf)eku tkfr;ksa esa ls ,d vaxt sz Fks] ftuds lkezkT; esa dHkh lw;kZLr ugha gksrk FkkA dkj.k] lw;Z dh izFke fdj.kksa ds ns”k ls yxk;r vafre fdj.kksa rd ds ns”k] muds mifuos”k tks FksA vk/kh nqfu;k ls Hkh vfèkd ij jkT; djus okyh d+keS ] fganLq rku dh lH;rk] laL—fr vkSj lekt”kkL= ij nks lkS o’kkZas rd viuh ekufldrk Fkksirh jgh] ckotwn fganLq rkuh laL—fr] vius ewY;ksa vkSj vkn”kksZa ds lkFk “kk”or Fkh vkSj vkus okys dy esa Hkh “kk”or jgsxhA Hkkjrh; Lora=rk laxkz e esa ns”k ds egku Økafrdkfj;ksa us vius ygw ls ^vktknh dh nsoh* dk Ük`x a kj fd;k gSA Lora=rk vkanksyu dh vy[k dks ns”k vkSj ns”k ds ckgj ^nkokuy* esa cny nsus dh {kerk ftu dyedkjksa vkSj i=dkjksa esa Fkh os lPps ek;us esa Hkkjr ds egku Økafrdkjh Fks] ftudh dye dh L;kgh ls Økafr dk chtea= fudyrk Fkk] tks vaxt sz h gqdew r dh lax& s cqfu;kn dks fgyk dj j[k nsrk FkkA dyedkjksa vkSj ukekfuxkjksa us viuh dye dh dher] tku nsdj ;k dkyk ikuh dh lt+k ikdj pqdk;hA vaMeku fudksckj dk ^lsY;qyj tsy* Økafr/kehZ i=dkjksa vkSj Økafrdkfj;ksa ds cfynkuksa dh nkLrka dk c;ku vkt Hkh djrk gSA fganh i=dkfjrk ds bfrgkl ds iUus myVus ij tks n`'; lkeus vkrk gS mlesa fganh i=dkfjrk dk chti= ^mnar ekrZM a * ¼30 ebZ] 1826½ ds laiknd ;qxy fd”kksj “kqDy us dksydkrk ¼rc dydÙkk½ ls tc fganh dk igyk i= fudkyk rks mldk /;s; okD; ¼”yksd½ dk vFkZ Fkk&^^lw;Z ds izdk”k ds fcuk ftl rjg va/ksjk ugha feVrk mlh rjg lekpkj lsok ds fcuk vKtu tkudkj ugha gks ldrsA** vFkkZr ^i=dkfjrk ds iqj[kksa dks bl ckr dk vglkl Fkk fd fQjafx;ksa dh ywV&[klksV] vU;k;&vR;kpkj&

vad&1 % tuojh] 2017

ISSN Applied

izos'kkad 68 vukpkj ij izgkj fd;k tk,xk rks muds dksi dk lkeuk Hkh djuk lu~ 1885&1919 rd dks ^tkxj.k dky* ds :i es]a ^fgUnksLFkku*] iM+x s kA ckotwn Lokra«;dkeh laikndksa us fuHkhZd dye pykbZA*11 û`flag*] ^Lojkt*] îzHkk*] ^vH;qn;* us Hkkjfr;ksa esa vktknh ikus dh ^^vkt** us vius eq[; i`’B ij /;s; okD; fy[kk] ^îjk/khu liusgq vy[k txk;hA lu~ 1920&1947 rd dks ^Økafrdky* dgk tk lq[k ukghaA** x.ks”k “kadj fo|kFkhZ ds ^îzrki** dk /;s; okD; Fkk&^^ftudks ldrk gS ftlesa Lora=rk dh izkfIr gsrq tc Hkkjroklh tkx mBs rks u fut xkSjo rFkk fut ns”k dk vfHkeku gS@og uj ugha] uj i”kq mUgsa fQjafx;ksa }kjk ihfM+r fd;k x;kA ccZj “kkldksa ds fo#) fujk gS] vkSj e`rd leku gSA** bykgkckn ls izdkf”kr ^Lojkt*12 dk îzrki*] ^deZohj*] ^lSfud*] ^Lons”k* rFkk xqIr izdk”kuksa esa ^j.kHksjh*] /;s; okD; Fkk&^^fganrq ku ds ge ga]S fganLq rku gekjk gSA** bl v[k+ckj ^”ka[kukn*] ^rwQku*] ^fpuxkjh*] ^Økafr* vkSj ^foIyo* vkfn us lkezkT;okn ds <kbZ o’kZ dh mez esa 75 vad fudy lds vkSj dqy 8 laiknd yxs] ds loZuk”k ds fy, Økafr dh Tokyk HkM+dkbZA ftUgsa blds laiknu@izdk”ku ds dkj.k 125 lky dh lt+k feyhA ;g ns”k] xzkeksa vkSj vapyksa dk x.kra= gS] ftlesa jk’Vªh; vkanksyu] ;g nqfu;k dk igyk v[k+ckj vkSj laikndksa dk eaMy Fkk] ftUgksua s vkapfyd i=dkfjrk vkSj i=ksa ls eq[kj gqbZ vkSj jk’Vªh; Loj cuhA bruh yach lt+k HkksxhA ckotwn mudk mRlkg de ugha gqvkA ,d ns”kh; ;k Hkk’kkbZ i=ksa dh rkdr ls vaxt sz h lÙkk u dsoy fopfyr dks lt+k feyrh rks nwljk laiknd dk;Z laHkkyus dks rS;kj gks tkrkA gqbZ cfYd ngy Hkh xbZA iwjk ns”k vkanksyujr Fkk] Økafr cht tks bl v[kckj esa laiknd ds fy, foKkiu fudyrk Fkk&^^,d tkS dh v[k+ckj vkSj i=ksa us tu ds ekul esa cks;k Fkk og t+oku vkSj Økafr/ jksVh vkSj ,d I;kyk ikuh ;g “kjsg&ru[+okg ¼osru½ gS] ftl ij kehZ gks pqdh Fkh+A rc ns”k ds fdlh Hkh cM+s “kgj] pkgs fnYyh ;k ^Lojkt* bykgkckn ds okLrs ,d ,MhVj erywc ¼vko”;drk½ gSA** eqEcbZ gks] dksbZ ,slk jk’Vªh; i= ugha Fkk] tks Økafr dh vkx dks u bykgkckn ls gh izdkf”kr lkfgfR;d if=dk ^pk¡n* ¼lu~ 1922½ dk HkM+dk jgk Fkk] cfYd ns”k ds NksV& s NksVs vapyksa ,oa dLcksa ls ^^Qk¡lh** vad ¼uoacj 1928½ ns”k vkSj nqfu;k esa Qk¡lh nsus ds vkSfpR;] fudyus okys gh i= Fks]a ftuesa ns”kHkfDr vkSj jk’Vªh; psruk dwV&dwV rjhdksa vkSj jkT;Økafr;ksa ij ubZ cgl NsMr+ h Fkh tks vkt Hkh gj dj Hkjh gqbZ Fkh&^vaxt sz h gqdew r ij otzikr dh rjg fxj jgs Fks*a A Qk¡lh ds ckn pyrh gSA bl vad dks vaxt sz ksa us tC+r dj fy;k FkkA cM+s i= ;k jk’Vªh; izlkj okys i=ksa dh la[;k ux.; ds cjkcj Fkh] e`R;qnM a dh vekuqf"kd izFkk ij loky [kM+k djus okyk pk¡n ds tks Fks Hkh] og vaxt sz ksa ds Fks ;k muds laj{k.k esa py jgs FksA vFkkZr ^Qk¡lh* vad esa “kghns vkte Hkxr flag us Hkh dbZ Nn~e ukeksa ls ys[k vkapfyd i=dkfjrk ns”k esa jk’Vªh; Hkkouk ds lkFk gh vkapfyd fy[kk FkkA dgus dk vFkZ gS fd ns”k dh Økafr dh ^nkokuy* dks ewY;ks]a vkn”kksaZ ,oa laL—fr;ksa dh Hkh okgd ,oa laj{kd FkhA ns”k dh èkèkdkus esa ftruk ce vkSj xksyh us dke fd;k gksxk] mlls dbZ xquk vkapfydrk bu i=ksa ds ek/;e ls eq[k+fjr ,oa cyorh gqbZ vkSj vfèkd] i= vkSj i=dkfjrk us fd;kA jk’VªHkfDr dks tukanksyu dk vktknh dh yM+kbZ esa vkapfyd i=dkfjrk us lcls vf/kd cfynku :i nsus vkSj vktknh dh yM+kbZ esa loZLo U;kSNkoj djus dh jk’Vªh; fn;kA ;gh dkj.k gS fd 1947 rd vkrs vkrs ;s vkapfyd i=] Hkkouk dk izlkj i=dkfjrk us gh fd;kA ;gh dkj.k gS fd fczfV”k fczrkuh ljdkj ds xys dh Qk¡l cu x, vkSj varr% mUgsa fganLq rku ljdkj us bls ges”kk vad”q k vkSj ;kruk ds f”kdats esa j[kkA blh dks vyfonk dg Lons”k jokuk gksuk iM+kA le; dh js[kk ij dkj.k 19oha “krkCnh ds rhljs n”kd esa enzkl ds xouZj ^^lj Vkel i=dkfjrk ds Lo:i ,oa mn~n”s ;ksa esa ifjorZu gksrs jgs] vktknh dh equjks* us izl s dh vktknh dks ^vkaXy lÙkk* dh lekfIr dk i;kZ; yM+kbZ esa gfFk;kj cus vkapfyd i=dkfjrk] vktknh ds 6 n”kd ckn ekuk**13 tks vkxs pydj lgh lkfcr gqvkA Hkkjrh; Lora=rk dh vkt ogh vkapfyd vkSj Hkk’kkbZ i=dkfjrk vius vfLrRo dh j{kk yM+kbZ esa {ks=h; i=&if=dk,a vkSj i=dkjksa us ftruh rYyhurk ,oa djus esa v{ke lkfcr gks jgh gSA vkt v[k+ckjksa dsa iUuksa ls xzke] fuMjrk ls j.kHksjh ctkbZ] mruh jk’Vªh; i=dkfjrk us “kk;n ughaA eksgYyk vkSj vapy xk;c gSAa uxjksa vkSj egkuxjksa ls iVk v[k+ckj ;gh dkj.k gS] vkapfyd i=dkfjrk ^tu* ds T;knk fudV jgh gSA iwjh rjg ls O;kolkf;d :i xzg.k dj pqds gSa vkSj miHkksDrkokn dks ^tuer* vkSj ^vfHker* rS;kj djus esa vkapfyd i= vkSj i=dkjksa us c<+kok ns jgs gSAa i=dkfjrk dh vkRek] ^vkapfyd i=dkfjrk]* tks egrh ;ksxnku fn;kA O;kolkf;d ,oa ykHk ls nwj {ks=h; i=dkfjrk] okLro esa Lons”kh i=dkfjrk gS] vkt laØe.k dky ls xqtj jgh gSA fo”kq) :i ls vktknh dk ^fe”ku* ysdj py jgh Fkha vkSj vius Lrj xkao esa v[k+ckj] “kgjksa ds foKkiu ,oa miHkksx ds leku rks igqp a jgs ij ml ^fe”ku* dks tu&tu rd QSykus esa layXu FkhaA vkapfyd gSa ysfdu xkaoksa ds v[k+ckjksa es]a xkao vkSj fxjk¡o gh xk;c gSAa vFkkZr i=dkfjrk bl ns”k dh vkRek ¼xkaoks½a dh i=dkfjrk gSA Hkkjr ftu Økafr dk chti=] ^vkapfyd i=* vkt vius vfLrRo ds ladV ds otgksa ls tkuk tkrk gS ml lH;rk vkSj laL—fr ds iks’k.k vkSj nkSj ls xqtj jgs gSAa ns”kh;rk vkSj Hkk’kkbZ i=ksa dh rkdr] dkiksjZ Vs laj{k.k dh i=dkfjrk gSA xk¡o vkSj vapyksa ds lkSèa kh ekVh vkSj v[+kckjksa vkSj ehfM;k ?kjkuksa ds lkeus e`rizk; gksrh tk jgh gSa ftlesa ns”kh;rk ds lao)Zu dh i=dkfjrk gS ftlds fcuk bl ns”k vk/kh ljdkjh uhfr;k¡ lgk;d gks jgh gSa tks orZeku i=dkfjrk dk fonziw vèkwjh gh rLohj curh gS ftlesa Hkkjr dh vkRek ugha gksrh gSA gSA vFkkZr Lons”kh i=dkfjrk gSA m-iz- ds cukjl ls izdkf”kr i= lanHkZ % lÙkk vkSj egÙkk] i`- 5] fdrkc egy] ubZ fnYyh ^^cukjl v[kckj**14 fganh izn”s k dk igyk v[kckj Fkk] ftls f”koizlkn 1-2- gsnjEccaxkyfeJ]xtVlaoknnkrk vkj dsydVk tujy ,MojVkbtj] tsEl vkxLVl fgdh] 29 tuojh] 1780 vuqPNsn&19 ¼1½¼d½ ^flrkjs fgan* us izdkf”kr djk;k FkkA 1850 esa ^lq/kkdj*15 Hkh dk”kh ls 3-4- ,Dlis l zs U;wt isilZ izk- fy- cuke~ Hkkjr la?k] ,vkbZvkj 1995 578( bafM;u ,Dlizl s U;wt isilZ cuke~ Hkkjr la?k 1985 641 16 gekjk lafo/kku] i`- 95] ,uchVh-] ubZ fnYyh fudykA blds nks o’kZ ckn vkxjk ls ^cqf)izdk”k* fudykA Hkkjrsna q 5-6- c`lqtHkk’kHkw’k.kd”;i] cuke fnYyh] ,vkbZvkj&1950] ]129 gfj”panz us 15 vxLr] 1867 esa dk”kh ls ^dfoopu lq/kk* fudkykA 7- chjsUnz cuke iatkc] ,vkbZvkj-1957 896 8- ekusdk xka/kh cuke Hkkjr la?k] ,-vkbZ-vkj- 1978] 597 ds ekeys esa U;k;ewfrZ Hkxorh ds vuqlkj fganh i=dkfjrk dk ewY;kadu fd;k tk, rks 1826 ls 1884 rd ds 9- fot;nÙk Jh/kj] igyk laikndh;] i`’B 11] lkef;d izdk”ku] ubZ fnYyh 10- ,-,y-ckle] vnHkqr Hkkjr dky dks mn~cks/kudky dgk tk ldrk gS] ftlesa mnar ekrZM a ] 11- fot;nÙk Jh/kj] igyk laikndh;] i`-13 lk- mnwZ caxnwr] lekpkj lq/kko’kZ.k] i;kes+ vktknh] dfoopu lq/kk vkSj fganh 12-13- MkW9 -uoavtqcj&1907 uZ frokjh] i=dkfjrk vkSj jk’Vªh; psruk dk fodkl] i`’B 16 tuojh] 1845 iznhi ds }kjk iwjs Hkkjr esa jk’Vªh; psruk dk chtoiu fd;k x;kA 14-15- lk-lk- rkjkeks gu feJ] 1850 SC

16- eq”a kh lnklq[k yky] 1882

ifjys[k 'kks/k lanHkZ ¼bZif=dk½

vad&1 % tuojh] 2017

ISSN Applied

izos'kkad

^xksnku* esa isez pan dk thou&n thou&n''kZu ,oa i=dkfjrk dk lanHkZ & fouksn pkSjfl;k thou&n'kZu dks ge miU;kldkj ds fopkj ,oa mn~n”s ; ds :i esa xzg.k dj ldrs gSAa jhfr&ijaijk ds vkpk;ksZa ds erkuqlkj jl ,oa vkuan dh miyfC/k vkSj mldk lk/kkj.khdj.k dh ek=k esa ikBdksa rd igq¡pkuk gh lkfgR; dk mn~n”s ; gksrk gS vkSj izR;sd ys[kd dks vius lkfgR; l`tu esa bldk vfuok;Z :i ls ikyu djuk pkfg,A vk/kqfud ;qx esa dnkfpr~ bu ekU;rkvksa dks u Lohdkj fd;k tk,xk vkSj fuf”pr :i ls vkt dk lkfgR;dkj ifjofrZr ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa jhfr&fjoktksa dh bu ekU;rkvksa dks vLoh—r dj nsxkA vk/kqfud miU;klksa ds lac/a k esa Hkh ;gh lR; gSA miU;kl dh vafre ifj.kfr jlksiyfC/k ;k vkuanrRo dh izkfIr esa gks] nwljs 'kCnksa es]a miU;kl dsoy euksjt a u ds lkèku gS] blfy, muls fuf”pr gh vkuan ,oa jl dh izrhfr gksuh pkfg,& bu :<+ ,oa ladfq pr lhekvksa esa vkt miU;klksa dks ugha ck¡/kk tk ldrkA ukVdksa dh Hkk¡fr miU;klksa dk Hkh izR;{k lac/a k ekuo thou ls gksrk gSA nwljs 'kCnksa esa dgk tk ldrk gS fd lkfgR;dkj gh ekuo thou ds fofHkUu i{kksa dks ,d ;k fofHkUu 'kSfy;ksa ds ek/;e ls miU;kl esa fpf=r djrk gSA izes pan dk thou Hkh lkfgR; ,oa i=dkfjrk ls vksr&izkrs gSA oxZ&oS’kE;] lkèkkj.k ekuo thou dh dqBa k,¡] vr`Ir okluk,¡ rFkk dkeuk,¡] vkfFkZd fo"kerk,¡] ek/;oxZ dk 'kks"k.k] iw¡thokn dh vlekurk,¡ vkfn ,slh Toyar lkekftd leL;k,¡ gS]a ftuls miU;kldkj dk izHkkfor gksuk LokHkkfod gSA buds dM+o& s ehBs vuqHkoksa ls ;g vius dqN fu"d"kZ fudkyrk gS vkSj fopkj ,oa mn~n”s ; fufeZr djrk gS] ftls ge miU;kldkj ds thou n”kZu dh laKk ns ldrs gSAa miU;klksa esa thou&n”kZu bl izdkj izLrqr gksuk pkfg, fd miU;kl lekIr djus ds i'pkr ikBd Lo;a gh ;g fu"d"kZ fudkys fd oLrqr% ys[kd brus lkjs i`"Bksa esa dguk D;k pkgrk Fkk vkSj ys[kd ds fopkj ,oa mn~n”s ; D;k gS\ egku miU;kldkj lnSo gh thou ,oa thou dh leL;kvksa ds lacèa k esa euu&fparu djrs jgrs gSa vkSj muls vius fu"d"kZ fudkyrs jgrs gSAa isez pan ;qxnz"Vk FksA mUgksua s vius ;qx dh vkRek dks xgjkbZ ls gh ugha le>k Fkk] oju vkus okys ;qx dk Hkfo"; Hkh ns[kk FkkA os lkekftd leL;kvksa ij cjkcj fparu&euu fd;k djrs Fks vkSj vkfFkZd 'kks"k.k] oxZ oS"kE;] foiUurk] n`f"Vdks.k ,oa iat w hoknh laL—fr vkfn ls mRiUu fo"kerkvksa dk lek/kku cjkcj lkspk djrs Fks vkSj vius fopkjksa dks izxfr”khy ekunaMksa dh i`"BHkwfe ij LFkkfir djus dh ps"Vk djrs FksA os lkekftd izk.kh Fks blhfy, lekt esa jgdj Hkh mlls vlaiD` r ugha jg ldrs FksA ;gh dkj.k gS fd ^xksnku* esa NksVh&lh& NksVh leL;k ij mUgksua s vius fopkj O;Dr fd, gSAa blh vk/kkj ij ,d vkykspd us dgk gS fd ^xksnku* vk/kqfud Hkkjrh; thou dk niZ.k gSA isez pan xzkE;&thou dks fpf=r djus esa ifjys[k 'kks/k lanHkZ ¼bZif=dk½

dSls fl)gLr Fks] ;g fdlh ls fNik ugha gS]a ij vkt ds fdlku etnwj ds nfjnz vkSj ijo”k thou ds fcuk tehankj vkSj fey&ekfyd ds dkj[kkuksa dks ugha le>k tk ldrk gSA ^xksnku* dh dgkuh Hkh ,d fdlku dh thouh dks ysdj gh pyh gS] ftlds pkjksa vksj eè;oxZ dk thou Hkh ?kwerk gSA lkekU; fdlkuksa ds xq.k&voxq.k mlesa fo|eku gSAa fdl izdkj viuh ifjfLFkfr;ksa vkSj laLdkjksa ls filk gqvk og nfjnz izk.kh d#.k e`R;q izkIr djrk gS] fdl izdkj lHkh dk isV Hkjrk gS vkSj Lo;a dk vius thou dks fdlh lkekU; bPNk dks iw.kZ djus esa vleFkZ jgrk gS] ;gh lc dqN fn[kkuk ^xksnku* dk y{; gSA izes pan ,d izxfr'khy i=dkj FksA blfy, ^xksnku* ds fopkj n'kZu esa Hkh izxfr'khy ewY;ksa dh LFkkiuk gSA izxfr'khy ys[kd la?k ds izFke vf/kos'ku esa Hkk"k.k nsrs gq, mUgksua s dgk Fkk fd dykdkj dks vius vanj Hkh ,d deh eglwl gksrh gS vkSj ckgj HkhA blh deh dks iwjk djus ds fy, mldh vkRek cspuS jgrh gSA isez pan lkfgR; dks mn~n's ;ghu vFkok fuf"Ø; ugha cukuk pkgrs FksA os pkgrs Fks fd geesa n`<r+ k vkSj deZ 'kfDr mRiUu gks] ftlls gesa vius nq%[kkoLFkk dh vuqHkwfr gks] isez pan dk lkjk fopkj&n'kZu bUgha izxfr'khy rRoksa ds vk/kkj ij fufeZr gqvk Fkk] ftldk lanq j ,oa izHkko'kkyh fp=.k ge ^xksnku* esa bl izdkj ns[k ldrs gS& a jk; lkgc gj {k.k vius feVrs gq, oxZ ds vfLrRo ds izfr ltx jgrs gSa vkSj dgha dksbZ ,slk volj gkFk ls ugha tkus nsuk pkgrs] tgk¡ mudh eku] izfr"Bk feV~Vh esa fey tk,A ,d ckj mUgsa irk pyrk gS fd ^fctyh* laiknd vksd a kjukFk muds fo#) dksbZ lekpkj Nkiuk pkgrs gSa rks og /kM+/kM+kdj muds ikl igq¡prs gSa vkSj vkos'k esa dgrs gSa fd ^^;fn vki U;k; vkSj lR; dh j{kk ds fy, ;g lekpkj izdkf'kr djds eq>ls yM+kbZ eksy ysuk pkgrs gSa rks eSa Hkh mlds fy, m|r gw¡A eSa vkidk eq¡g can djus ds fy, gh rks 15 ds LFkku 75 pank nsrk gw¡A vkids ?kkVs dks iwjk djus esa lg;ksx nsrk gw¡A nhikoyh] n'kgjk] gksyh ds ioksZa ij vkids ;gk¡ feBkbZ Hkstrk gw¡A lky esa iPphl ckj vkidh nkor djrk gw¡ rks dsoy blhfy, fd vki viuk eq¡g can j[ksAa vki fj'or vkSj drZO; nksuksa lkFk&lkFk ugha fuHkk ldrsA vki Lons'kh&Lons'kh fpYykdj fons'kh nokvksa vkSj oLrqvksa dk foKkiu Nkirs ugha 'kekZrs rks eSa D;ksa vius vklkfe;ksa ls M+kM+&rkoku vkSj tqekZuk ysrs D;ksa 'kekZÅ¡\** jk; lkgc dq'ky vkneh FksA igys mUgksua s vksd a kjukFk dks /kedh nsus dh dksf'k'k dh ij tc vksd a kjukFk us Li"Vr% dg fn;k fd ;gk¡ fl)kar dh ckr vk xbZ gS] blfy, og foo”k gS]a rks >V fxjfxV dh rjg jax cnyrs gq, dgrs gSa ^^vPNk HkkbZ tks pkgs fy[kksA eSa rqEgkjs fl)kar dks ugha rksMu+ k pkgrkA eSa bruk gh dg ldrk gw¡ fd vkxs vkidks bl rjg dh dksbZ f'kdk;r ugha feysxhA** jk;lkgc lkS vknfe;ksa dk pank viuh vksj ls nsus dk ok;nk djds vkf[kjdkj vksd a kjukFk dk eq¡g can dj gh nsrs gSAa isez pan }kjk jfpr bl miU;kl esa viuh jpuk dks vkSj vkd"kZ.k cukrs gq, mUgksua s laiknd i= ds gjsd Å¡pkb;ksa vkSj uhpkb;ksa dks izdV djus dk Hkjld iz;kl fd;k gSA laiknd th Jherh [kUuk ls vkfFkZd dfBukb;ksa dh dFkk dg jgs Fks& ^^cl ;ksa lef>, Jherh th fd laiknd dk thou ,d nh?kZ foyki gS] ftls lqudj yksx n;k djus ds cnys dkuksa ij gkFk j[k ysrs gSAa cspkjk u viuk midkj dj lds u vkSjksa dkA** laiknd ds ckjs esa ;s iafDr;k¡

vad&1 % tuojh] 2017

ISSN Applied

izos'kkad

^xksnku* miU;kl dks vkSj Hkh vkdf"kZr djrh gS& a ^^fy[krs rks og yksx gS] ftuds vanj dqN nnZ gS] vuqjkx gS] yxu gS] fopkj gSA ftUgksua s /ku vkSj Hkksx&foykl dks thou dk y{; cuk fy;k gS og D;k fy[ksx a As ** vkad s kj laiknd dgrs gSa fd vxj /ku esjs thou dk vkn”kZ gksrk] rks vkt eSa bl n”kk esa u gksrkA eq>s Hkh /ku dekus dh dyk vkrh gSA vkt pkgw¡ rks yk[kksa dek ldrk gw¡ ysfdu ;gk¡ rks èku dks dqN le>k gh ugha( lkfgR; dh lsok vius thou dk /;s; gS vkSj jgsxkA ysfdu lekt ds dqN pkVqdkjksa us vkt laikndh; dh fLFkfr dks dqN vkSj gh cuk fn;kA isez pan us viuh ys[kuh ds ekè;e ls xksnku esa dqN bl rjg ls is”k fd;k& laiknd th us esos vkSj Qy [kk;s Fks vkSj tjk dej lh/kh dj jgs Fks fd jk;lkgc us tkdj dgk& ^^vkidks fel ekyrh ;kn dj jgh gS]a /kU; HkkxA** jk;lkgc ds lkFk gh gkWy esa vk fojktsA m/kj ukSdjksa us estas lkQ dj nh FkhaA

ekyrh us vkxs c<+dj mudk Lokxr fd;kA laiknd th us uezrk fn[kk;hA ^^cSfB;s rdYyqQ u dhft,A eSa bruk cM+k vkneh ugha gw¡A**ekyrh pkVqdkjksa dh rjg igys mUgsa ykyp fn;k] in dh egÙkk crkbZ] viuk LokFkZ fn[kk;kA mlds ckn laiknd th dks 'kjkc ihuh iM+h vkSj ml u'ks esa cgqr mYVk&lhèkk cM+cM+k, ftldk urhtk vPNk ugha gqvkaA mi;qDZ r fopkjksa ds vk/kkj ij dgk tk ldrk gS fd lpeqp izes pan ;qxnz"Vk Fks ftUgksua s ,d lkekU; ls xk¡o dh ekgkSy dks le; dh vko';drk dks ij[krs gq, Hkfo";xkeh ckrksa dks Hkh vius lkfgR; esa j[kus dk egRoiw.kZ dk;Z fd;kA jgh ckr laiknd ,oa i=dkfjrk dh rks isez pan vius thoudky esa ,d laiknd ds thou dks Hkh ft;k vkSj le>k gS ftldk izR;{k mnkgj.k ^xksnku* esa laiknd vksd a kj th ds ek/;e ls i<+k vkSj le>k tk ldrk gSA

cky lkfgR; % ç;kstu] vko';drk vkSj Lo:i

gSA euksjt a u dh –f"V ls chjcy] rsukyhjke] xksiky Hkk¡M vkSj yky cq>DdM+ 'kkL=h vkfn ds fdLlksa dk Hkh egRo v{kq..k gSA chloha lnh dh “kq:vkr esa ys[kdksa us cPpksa ds fy, ikSjkf.kd rFkk /kkfeZd dFkk,¡ fy[khA egkHkkjr rFkk jkek;.k tSls xzFa kksa ds cky laLdj.k rS;kj dj is'k fd,A blls ckyd lkgl] ohjrk rFkk LokfHkeku ds çlax i<+ dj mUgsa thou esa viuk ldrs gSAa bl çdkj dgk tk ldrk gS fd cky lkfgR; dk eq[; ç;kstu cPpksa dk euksjt a u djrs gq, mUgsa uSfrd f'k{kk ,oa yksd o 'kkL= dh tkudkfj;ksa ls le`) cukuk gSA cky euksjt a u] laL—fr] f'k"Vkpkj vkSj lkSna ;Zcks/k ds laLdkj Mkyus ds fy, cky lkfgR; dh vko';drk ls badkj ugha fd;k tk ldrkA cky lkfgR; dYiuk] vk'kk] meax] fo'okl vkSj çse dh Hkkoukvksa ls ljkcksj jgrk gSA blls cPpksa dks i'kq&i{kh vkSj isM& + ikS/ks vius fe= ls yxrs gSAa cky lkfgR; dh lcls igyh ç;kstuh;rk ;g gS fd mlesa Hkjiwj ek=k esa euksjt a u gksA ckyd dks tks lkfgR; fn;k tk; mlls og vius vki dks tksM+ ldsA tSls rkjksa ds lkFk] ç—fr ds lkFk] Qwyks]a frrfy;ks]a i'kq&if{k;ksa ds lkFk vFkkZr ,slh phtsa ftls mlus ns[kk gks] tks mlds lkeus gksA vfHkçk; gS fd cky lkfgR; ckyd dks ;FkkFkZ ls tksMu+ s ds fy, vko';d gSA og euksjt a u ds lkFk mldk Kku c<+krk gS&lkekU; KkuA tks Hkh i<+s mlls euksjt a u ds lkFk mldh ftKklk dh r`fIr gks tk,A thou dk çR;sd {k.k fofoèk ewY;ksa ij vk/kkfjr gSA vkfFkZd] lkekftd] lkaL—frd] /kkfeZd ,oa uSfrd ewY; thou dh n'kk ds lkFk ifjokj] lekt] ns'k] fo'o dk Hkfo"; lqfuf'pr djrs gSAa vk/kqfud xfr'khy le; esa lHkh dks vkxs tkus dh tYnh gS] ?kj&ifjokj esa ekrk ,oa firk nksuksa gh dke djrs gSAa vk/kqfud thou 'kSyh ds dkj.k pkjksa vksj ls ekufld ruko gSA ,sls esa ruko eqä jgus ds fy, ckydksa dks uSfrd f'k{kk cky lkfgR; ds ek/;e ls nh tk ldrh gSA orZeku esa bldh vf/kd vko';drk gSA fo|ky; ds ikBîØe ds ckn cky lkfgR; ckydksa dks thou dk ikB i<+k ldrk gS blfy, mlds l`tu djus okyksa dk nkf;Ro vfèkd c<+ tkrk gSA mldk drZO; ,sls cky lkfgR; dh jpuk djuk gS tks ckyd dks çsj.kk ns rFkk cky lkfgR; esa fpf=r ewY;ijd ik=ksa dks vkn'kZ xq.k esa vaxhdj dj cky ekufldrk dks LoLFk] ifo= ,oa laLdkfjd cuk,A ,slk gh cky lkfgR; ckyd dks larfq yr cuk,xk] ftlls og vius QSlys Lo;a ys ldsxkA mnkgj.kkFkZ

& lquhrk vkpkj ^^ftl ns'k ds ikl le`) cky lkfgR; ugha gS] og mTToy Hkfo"; dh vk'kk dSls dj ldrk gS] vkSj ckyd dks dy ;k ijlksa ds Hkjksls dSls NksMk+ tk ldrk gSA bDdhloha lnh dh pqukSfr;ksa ds fy, gekjs ckyd rS;kj gSa fd ugha\**1 t;çdk'k Hkkjrh ds bl dFku dks i<+dj yxrk gS fd ns'k ds Hkfo"; ;kuh tks ckyd ns'k ds fodkl LraHk gSa mudh fpark esa Mwcs Hkkjrh tSls ys[kd cky lkfgR; dh vfuok;Zrk dks eku mldh vksj lc lkfgR;dkjksa vkSj f'k{kkfonksa dk /;ku vkdf"kZr djrs gSAa ckyd dh igyh ikB'kkyk mldk viuk ?kj gksrk gSA ogk¡ og ifjokj ds jhfr&fjokt vkSj ?kj ds laLdkj lh[krk gS] ij tSls gh og ?kj ls fudy lekt ds yksxksa ls tqMr+ k gS] ikB'kkyk tkrk gS ogk¡ mldk lokax Z h.k fodkl gksrk gSA og viuh vyx igpku cukrk gSA vktdy ekrk&firk ckyd dks dsoy ikBîØe rd gh lhfer j[krs gSa ;k vkxs vkSj vU; iqLrdksa dks i<+us ds fy, çksRlkfgr ugha djrs gSAa blds LFkku ij ,slk gksuk pkfg, fd ckyd vU; iqLrdksa ds çfr Hkh vkdf"kZr gksA lkfgR; ,slh jkg gS ftlds }kjk cPpk Hkfo"; ds fy, vius dks rS;kj dj ldrk gSA cky lkfgR; bl {ks= esa dk;Z dj jgk gSA cky lkfgR; dh n`f"V ls Hkkjr çkphu dky ls vxz.kh jgk gSA nqfu;k dk lkjk cky lkfgR; vkt Hkh laL—r ds ^iapra=* dk _.kh gSA *fgrksins'k* rFkk *dFkklfjrlkxj* vkt Hkh cky lkfgR; ds çsjd xzFa k gSAa ;s dgkfu;k¡ ckydksa dks lqlLa —r] lqlH; ,oa vkn'kZ ukxfjd cuus dh çsj.kk nsrs gSAa iapra= esa i'kq&if{k;ksa dh jkspd dFkkvksa ds ek/;e ls yksd O;ogkj ,oa pfj= fuekZ.k dh f'k{kk dk ç;kstu fl) fd;k x;k gSA iapra= euksjt a u vkSj uSfrd f'k{kk nsus ds ç;kstu dh dlkSVh ij [kjk mrjrk gSA fgrksins'k dh dgkfu;ksa ls Ng eghus esa ckyd ds O;fäRo esa ifjorZu gks ldrk gSA blds vfrfjä yksd dFkkvksa rFkk nar dFkkvksa ds :i esa Hkh cky lkfgR; HkaMkj fo|eku gS tks ih<+h nj ih<+h ekSf[kd :i ls fodkleku ifjys[k 'kks/k lanHkZ ¼bZif=dk½

vad&1 % tuojh] 2017

ISSN Applied

izos'kkad

^iapra=* ds ik¡pos [kaM esa ^vijhf{kr dkjde~* dh tks dgkfu;k¡ gSa os i'kq if{k;ksa dks u ysdj euq";ksa ds ckjs esa gS tks thou ewY; dh f'k{kk euksjt a u ds lkFk nsus esa leFkZ gSA iapra= esa ,d dFkk dk o.kZu gksrk gS rks mlds var ds lkFk ,d dFkk vkSj tqM+ tkrh gSA ;g Øe pyrk jgrk gS vkSj ftKklk c<+rh jgrh gSA ,d mRlqdrk gksrh gSA bu dgkfu;ksa ls ckyd cgqr dqN lh[k ldrk gSA mlds vanj bruk laLdkj Hkj nsuk fd og mlds vkxs >qd tk, vkSj fdlh xyr ekxZ ij dne u j[ksA blesa langs ugha fd mins'k ds }kjk Hkh mu dks Kku o uSfrd f'k{kk nh tk ldrh gSA xq# mlds lehi jgrk gS mldh dgh ckrsa mls fo'okliw.kZ yxrh gSAa xq# Hkh vius f'k"; dks D;k djuk gS] dSls djuk gS dh f'k{kk nsrk gSA rdZiow d Z le>kdj mldk vkRefo'okl c<+krk gSA ijarq cky lkfgR; mls lgt euksjt a u dh ?kqêh ds lkFk f'k{kk nsrk gS vr% ekrk&firk vkSj f'k{kdksa dks vPNs cky lkfgR; dks yksdfç; cukus esa tqV tkuk pkfg,A vkt ds lekt dh ,d çeq[k fpark O;fä dh Lodsfa ær eukso`fÙk vkSj fgaldrk ls tqMh+ gSA vkt bu o`fÙk;ksa ij vad'q k yxkus okys cky lkfgR; dh vko';drk gSA ;fn bl fn'kk esa dk;Z ugha fd;k x;k rks fgald o Hkz"V lekt dk gh fuekZ.k gksxkA vr% ;g dguk lgh gS fd Þekuo esa ekuo ds çfr gh ugha] i'kq&if{k;ksa ds çfr laons uk txkus esa Hkh cky lkfgR; dh Hkwfedk mYys[kuh; jgh gSA thou laxkz e esa ckyd lkgl vkSj /kS;Z dh ifjfLFkfr;ksa dk lkeuk dj lds& a çR;{k vkSj ijks{k ;gh lan's k vusd dFkkvksa esa gSA vkt ds ckyd tc cM+s gksx a s rks os pqukSfr;ksa dk lkeuk djus esa NwVx as s ugha&>qdx as s ughaA tks cky lkfgR; cM+kas ds }kjk fujarj misf{kr fd;k x;k] ekuo lekt ds fodkl esa mlds ;ksxnku ls badkj ugha fd;k tk ldrkßA2 cky lkfgR; dk Lo:Ik cky lkfgR; dSlk gks\ ç'u dk mÙkj ckyd ds eu dks /;ku esa j[kdj gh fn;k tk ldrk gSA vr% cky lkfgR; dks Lor% iw.kZ fuekZ.k esa ckydksa dh vk;q ds vk/kkj ij oxksZa dk vk/kkjHkwr egRo gSA 1. f'k'kq ¼3 ls 6 o"kZ½ ds fy, lkfgR; 'kS'kokoLFkk ekuo ds fodkl dh loZçFke voLFkk gSA bldh vofèk tUe ls 6 o"kZ rd dh ekuh tkrh gSA fodkl dh lHkh voLFkkvksa esa 'kS'kokoLFkk dk egRo lcls vf/kd gSA ;g voLFkk gh og vk/kkj gS ftl ij ckyd ds Hkkoh thou dk fuekZ.k fd;k tk ldrk gSA Ýk;M ds vuqlkj ^^euq"; dks tks dqN cuuk gksrk gS çkjaHk ds pkj&ik¡p o"kksZa esa gh cu tkrk gSA** ,Myj dk er gS ^^'kS'kokoLFkk ds }kjk thou dk iwjk Øe fu/kkZfjr gksrk gSA**3 ^^pyuk lh[krs gSa tSls cPps xsna ls [ksyuk pkgrs gSa oSls gh cksyuk lh[krs gSa 'kCnksa lsA xsna muds vkxs&vkxs Hkkxrh gS blfy, mUgsa vPNh yxrh gSA 'kCn Hkh ,sls gh gS(a pkgrs gSa tks tcku dks idM+s ugha] mu ij fQlys]a jiVs]a Hkkxs vkSj mudh dYiuk dks nksMk+ ,¡A**4 ^cPpksa dh dfork* dh Hkwfedk esa O;ä los'Z oj ds mi;qä Z fopkj f'k'kqvksa ds lkfgR; ds Lo:i ds lokax Z h.k fodkl ds lVhd fl)kar dk çfriknu djrs gSAa tc cPpk cksyuk lh[krk gSA rks lcls igys og ek¡ ds vk¡py esa jg dj nqfu;k dks ns[krk gSA ek¡ mldh nqfu;k gksrh gSA og ¼ek¡½ mldk ykyu&ikyu dj mlds vklikl ds yksxks]a tSls ekrk&firk] nknk&nknh vkfn leku] jax] isM& + ikS/ks] ifjys[k 'kks/k lanHkZ ¼bZif=dk½

i'kq&if{k;ksa ls mldk ifjp; djokrh gSA ml le; mls ,slh iqLrdksa dh vko';drk iM+rh gS ftl esa –'; cM+]s jaxksa ls Hkjs] cM+& s cM+s v{kjokys viuh vksj vkdf"kZr djrs gksAa mls i'kq&i{kh] isM]+ Qwy] pk¡n] lwjt] xqfM+;k ;g lc ns[kuk vPNk yxrk gSA tc og 5 ls 6 lky dk gksrk gS rks mls rqdks&rku ds lkFk gh csrd q h phtksa dk g¡lkus yk;d la;ksx rFkk 'kCnksa dk esy&tksy vPNk yxrk gSA ml le; ckyd dks Kku o`f) ;k uSfrd f'k{kk ls dksbZ ysuk&nsuk ugha gksrk gSA os rks dsoy 'kCnksa ds [ksy vkSj ml ds jl ls gh vkuafnr gksrs gSAa ;Fkk& ^^yìw isMs+ tedj [kkvks <ksy ethjk [kwc ctkvks gS uUgha xqfM+;k dh 'kknh ugha fdlh cqf<+;k dh 'kknhA**5 f'k'kq oxZ dh dforkvksa esa vFkZ] Hkko ;k dkO; lkSna ;Z ugha ns[kk tkrkA cl cPpksa dk euksjt a u djrs gq, mUgsa vkuafnr djuk y{; gksrk gSA f'k'kqvksa ds fy, ,slh vusd dforkvksa dh jpuk gqbZ gSA bl oxZ ds fy, dgkfu;k¡ js[kkfp= ds ek/;e ls ;k 'kCnksa dks ljy rjhds ls ç;ksx dj is'k dh tkrh gSA fp= dks bruk vkd"kZd cuk;k tkrk gS fd ckyd Lo;a gh ml vksj vkdf"kZr gksrk gSA 2. ckyd ¼6 ls 12 o"kZ½ ds fy, lkfgR; Ng ls ckjg o"kZ dh voLFkk ckY;koLFkk gksrh gSA euksoK S kfudksa us ckY;koLFkk dks O;fä ds thou dh fuekZ.kdkjh voLFkk crkrs gq, dgk gS fd bl voLFkk esa ckyd esa tks vknrsa o <ax fodflr gks tkrs gSa mUgsa vkxs tkdj ifjorZu djuk cM+k gh dfBu gksrk gSA dksy ,oa czkbl us bl voLFkk dks ^thou dk vuks[kk dky*¼Unique period of Life½ dgk gSA Cys;j] tksl a o flEilu ds vuqlkj& ^^ckY;koLFkk og le; gS tc O;fä ds ewyHkwr –f"Vdks.kks]a ewY;ksa vkSj vkn'kksZa dk cgqr cM+h lhek rd fu/kkZj.k gksrk gSA** 6 'kS'kokoLFkk ls fudy dj f'k'kq tc ckY;koLFkk esa iSj j[krk gS rc mldh ek¡xas vyx gksrh gSAa og /khjs&/khjs lekt ls ifjfpr gksus yxrk gS] ç'u iwNus yxrk gSA mldh ftKklk rhoz gksus yxrh gS] og nqfu;k dks tkuus dh ps"Vk djrk gSA ekrk&firk] ifjokj ds vU; lnL;ksa vkSj v/;kidksa dh lgk;rk ls og viuh ftKklk dh I;kl cq>kuk pkgrk gSA vc mlds fy, ,sls lkfgR; dh t:jr gksrh gS tks mldh nqfo/kk dks nwj djsA Hkkjr esa bl oxZ ds fy, mi;ksxh cky lkfgR; dh ijaijk iqjkuh gSA igys Hkh dgk tk pqdk gS iapra= dh dgkfu;ksa esa i'kq&if{k;ksa dks ekè;e cukdj cPpksa dks f'k{kk çnku djus dk lw= viuk;k x;k D;ksfa d dgkuh lquuk cPpksa dks lcls vPNk yxrk gSA os vius vki dks ml dgkuh ls tksM+ ysrs gSAa bUgha dgkfu;ksa ds ek/;e ls mUgsa f'k{kk çnku dh tk ldrh gSA cPpk nknh] ukuh vkSj ek¡ ls dbZ dgkfu;k¡ lqurk gSA dHkh ;s dgkfu;k¡ mls ifj;ksa ds ns'k esa ys tkrh gSa rks dHkh lR; vkSj U;k; tSlh ckrsa Hkh fl[kk nsrh gSA lkgl] cfynku] R;kx vkSj ifjJe tSls xq.kksa dh vksj vkdf"kZr djrh gSA bl vk/kkj ij ,d O;fDrRo rS;kj gksrk gSA Lej.kh; gS fd cPps rks dPps ?kM+s ds leku gksrs gSAa mUgsa ge ftl vkdkj esa <kysx a s os mlh vkdkj esa <y tk,¡xAs cky lkfgR; dk m)s'; gh bu dks vkdkj nsuk gS& bl mís'; dh iwfrZ djuk gSA igys jpukdkj euksjt a u ds lkFk thou dh lPpkb;ksa ls ifjfpr djokrs gSAa vkt ds ckyd

vad&1 % tuojh] 2017

ISSN Applied

izos'kkad 72 dy ds Hkkjr ds Hkfo"; gS]a mlh çdkj mudk pfj= fuekZ.k gksxk jpuk ugha gqbZ gSA çkphu le; ls gh muds fy, dksbZ xzFa k ;k iqLrd rHkh ;s ckyd thou ds la?k"kksZa ls tw> ldsx a s vius QSlys ys ldsx a As dh jpuk ugha gqbZ gSA os ckydksa dh fxurh esa ugha vkrs gSa ij ,slk lkfgR;dkjksa dks pkfg, fd os igys cky&euksfoKku dh iwjh tkudkjh ugha gS fd os ckyd ls vyx gSAa bl lac/a k esa ^^nsoæas dqekj ^nso's k* ys]a fQj lkfgR; l`tu djsAa ckyd ds twrs igu dj vFkkZr muds viuh iqLrd Þfd'kksj lkfgR; dh laHkkouk,¡ß esa foLrkj ls ppkZ dh leku lksp dj dgkuh] dfork] xhr fy[ksAa dgkfu;ksa vkSj dforkvksa gSA blesa fd'kksj lkfgR; dh vko';drk] vo/kkj.kk] ekStnw fd'kksj ds ek/;e ls ckyd ds eu dks og 'kfä çnku dh tk ldrh gS tks lkfgR; dh iM+rky vkSj l`tu dh laHkkoukvksa dk jpukRed ifj– muds Hkhrj vkRefo'okl] laLdkj] leiZ.k] ln~Hkkouk vkSj ns'kçse '; mifLFkr djus dk ç;Rud fd;k x;k gSA**7 tkx`r dj ldrh gSA fiNys ik¡p&Ng n'kdksa ls fganh esa fd'kksj lkfgR; dh fn'kk esa Hkh cky lkfgR;dkj cPpksa dks ,sls ia[k nsrk gS ftlls og [kqys vkdk'k u, ç;ksx vkSj ç;Ru tkjh gSAa lkfgR;dkjksa dks pkfg, fd os fd'kksj esa mUeqä ?kwe ldrk gSA cky lkfgR; ,d Fkkyh gS vkSj mlesa ijkslk euksfoKku dks le> dj muds Lrj ij vkdj fy[ksAa jpuk ,slh gks x;k euksjt a u] Kku] uSfrd f'k{kk& ;s lc Lokfn"V O;atu gSAa ftlesa mudk ekufld fodkl gks vkSj tks ewY; ijd o uSfrdrk ls 3. fd'kksj ¼12 ls 18 o"kZ½ ds fy, lkfgR; vksr&çksr gks] rHkh os thou esa lQy gksus ds fy, lq–<+ pfj= dk Cys;j] tksl a vkSj flEilu ds vuqlkj&fd'kksjkoLFkk çR;sd O;fä ds fodkl dj ldrs gSAa [ksn dh ckr gS fd fganh esa ,sls fd'kksj lkfgR; thou esa og dky gS tks ckY;koLFkk ds var ls çkjaHk gksrk gS vkSj dh cM+h deh gSA çkS<k+ oLFkk ds vkjaHk esAa lkekU;r% ;g voLFkk ckjg o"kZ dh vk;q ls mi;qä Z foospu ds vk/kkj ij ;g Li"V gS fd dksjh LysV tSls cky vëkjg o"kZ dh vk;q rd ekuh tkrh gSA oLrqr% bl voLFkk ds eu dks laLdkfjr djuk rFkk lkFk gh euksjt a u djrs&djrs lkSna ;Zcksèk vkjaHk gksus dh vk;q] fyax] çtkfr] tyok;q] laL—fr vkSj O;fä ds vkSj ewY;cks/k dk fuekZ.k djuk cky lkfgR; dk ç;kstu gSA ;gh LokLF; vkfn ij fuHkZj djrh gSA Hkkjr esa ;g if'pe ds BaMs ns'kksa cky lkfgR; dh vko';drk vkSj lnk çklafxdrk dk Hkh vk/kkj gSA dh vis{kk dqN igys vkjaHk gks tkrh gSA Jerisild – Adolescence is the period ;g Hkh Li"V gqvk gS fd cky lkfgR; jpuk blfy, vR;ar pqukSrhiw.kZ through which a growing person makes transition from childhood to maturity. dk;Z gS D;ksfa d bldk y{; ikBd vFkkZr ckyd oxZ cM+h rhozrk ls fd'kksj voLFkk ryokj ij pyus tSlh voLFkk gSA bl voLFkk esa cnyrk vkSj fodflr gksrk gSA ;gh dkj.k gS fd cnyrh vk;q ds ckyd vleatl esa gksrk gSA u rks og ckyd jgrk gS u gh o;Ld! lkFk cnyrs cky euksfoKku dks /;ku esa j[ks fcuk mR—"V cky o;%laf/k dh tks voLFkk gS og gS fd'kksj voLFkkA bl le; 'kkjhfjd lkfgR; ugha jpk tk ldrkA vkSj ekufld ifjorZu gksrs gSAa igys rks mUgsa Lo;a dks le>uk gh lanHkZ dfBu gks tkrk gS fd muds lkFk D;k gks jgk gSA bl le; mUgsa cM+s 1- t;çdk'k Hkkjrh] mx vk;k cky lkfgR; dk u;k lw;Z ¼Hkwfedk½] cky lkfgR; dk /;ku ls laHkkyuk iM+rk gSA bl voLFkk esa ;fn mudk lgh fn'kk fodkl ¼la- t;çdk'k Hkkjrh½] i`- 4 2- ogh funs'Z k ugha fd;k x;k rks os xyr jkg ij py ldrs gSAa cky 3- MkW- fxjh'k ipkSjh] f'k{kk ds euksoSKkfud vk/kkj] i`- 57 lkfgR; vkSj fd'kksj lkfgR; dh dksbZ vyx&vyx igpku ugha cu 4- losZ'oj n;ky lDlsuk xzaFkkoyh&5] i`- 113 'ksjtax xxZ ¼uanu 1973½ ikbZ gS ijarq bu nksuksa ds chp ,d ,slh js[kk gS tks vo'; fdlh dks 5-6- MkW - fxjh'k ipkSjh] f'k{kk ds euksoSKkfud vk/kkj] i`- 60 fn[kkbZ ugha nsrhA fganh esa fd'kksjksa ds fy, dksbZ [kkl lkfgR; dh 7- MkW- fxjh'k ipkSjh] f'k{kk ds euksoSKkfud vk/kkj] i`- 66

bZiLq rdky; dks nku nhft, viuh iqLrd fiz; ,oa lEekfur ys[kdks]a vkils vR;ar uezrk ,oa izlUurk ds lkFk vkxzg djuk gS fd ge http://parilekh.com ij ikBdksa ,oa 'kks/kfFkZ;ksa ds fy, fu'kqYd bZiLq rdky; izkjaHk djus tk jgs gSa tgka ls dksbZ Hkh ikBd vFkok 'kks/kkFkhZ fdlh Hkh iqLrd dks MkmuyksM dj ldrk gSA vki bZiLq rdky; esa viuh iqLrd dk nku dj ldrs gSAa vkidks djuk ;g gS fd viuh iqLrd dh ihMh,Q parilekhprakashan@gmail.com ij iqLrd dk 'kh"kZd] ist la[;k] izdk'kd vkfn dk C;ksjk fy[kdj rFkk bZiLq rdky; esa iqLrd fu'kqYd 'kkfey djus dk izek.ki= lfgr Hkst ldrs gSA vkidh iqLrd ikBd vkSj 'kks/kkFkhZ ds cgqr dke vk ldrh gSA vU; dksbZ lq>ko gks rks nhft,A vkidh egku —ik gksxhA /kU;okn ifjys[k 'kks/k lanHkZ ¼bZif=dk½

vad&1 % tuojh] 2017

ISSN Applied

izos'kkad

Ckky lkfgR;dkj lq/kkdj vk”kkoknh dk izn;s & ch- uohu iz[;kr ys[kd] dgkuhdkj] dfo ,oa cky lkfgR;dkj lq/kkdj vk'kkoknh dk tUe 6 uoacj] 1959 dks tuin esjB ¼m-iz-½ esa gqvkA mudh vHkh rd 32 iqLrdsa izdkf'kr gks pqdh gSa ftueas cky lkfgR; dh 8 —fr;ksa ¼vaR;k{kjh] nknk&nknh dh vueksy dgkfu;k¡] ukuk&uknh dh vueksy dgkfu;k¡] eqgkojksa dh dgkfu;k¡] eqgkojksa ds xhr] vkvks ioZ euk,¡] ,d&,d X;kjg] Nqb& Z eqb½Z ds lkFk 10 dgkuh laxgz ¼ijk, vk¡xu es]a /kwi dk VqdM+k] dqN vius iy] dka/ks ij lQj] ,d vkSj ;q)] lkbysl a tksu vkfn½] 6 y?kqdFkk laxgz ¼ljksdkj] vius&vius vFkZ] izfrfuf/k y?kqdFkk,¡] eq[kkSVk] vk¡p½] 4 miU;kl ¼dkyk pk¡n] nsg] Hkkouk] I;kls fj'rs½] 3 dkO; laxgz ¼cQZ <ksrh laons uk,¡] fpfM+;k foLQksV djsxh] iqu% uhM+ dh vksj½ rFkk 1 O;aX; —fr ¼,d HkSl a s dh vkRedFkk½ 'kkfey gSAa lq/kkdj vk'kkoknh lkfgR;dkj ds lkFk&lkFk f'k{kkfon~ gSAa os lelkef;d folaxfr;ksa ,oa fonwiz rkvksa dks vius lkfgR; esa mdsjus ds lkFk&lkFk ewY;ksa dks Hkh izfrLFkkfir djrs gSAa ;gk¡ lq/kkdj vk'kkoknh ds lkfgfR;d izn;s ij n`f"V dsfa nzr dh tk jgh gSA cky lkfgR; ds ekè;e ls thou ewY;ksa dh f'k{kk nsus dk mik; gh MkWlqèkkdj vk'kkoknh ds erkuqlkj lokZf/kd mi;qDr gSA ^^dkj.k Li"V gS fd ftu ewY;ksa dh LFkkiuk ckyeu esa le;kuqlkj gks tk,xh] ogh ewY; ckyd ds Hkfo"; esa ewY;ksa dh e;kZnk,¡ lgstus esa dkjxkj Hkwfedk dk fuokZg dj ldrs gSAa **1 ,slk ugha gS fd lq/kkdj vk'kkoknh dsoy cky lkfgR; gh fy[krs gSAa lkekftd fo"kerkvksa dks vfHkO;Dr djrh y?kqdFkk,¡] dgkfu;k¡] dfork,¡ ,oa miU;kl ys[ku esa Hkh mudh #fp gSA ,sls esa mudk iz;kl jgrk gS fd lHkh vk;q oxksZa dh euksn'kk] fo'ks"k vk;q dk euksfoKku l`tu dks ,d nwljs dh fof'k"Vrk ds vk/kkj ij foyx djsA mYys[kuh; gS fd ,d le; Fkk fd tc fganh cky lkfgR; dh iqLrdksa ,oa if=dkvksa ls cktkj Hkjk jgrk FkkA ^^cqd LVkWYl ij vusd cky if=dk,¡ ckydksa ds vkd"kZ.k dk dsna z jgk djrh FkhaA cky l[kk] pank ekek] uanu] uUgha nqfu;k] eueksgu] vatw iat]w 'ksj cPpk] paid] cky gal lfgr cky miU;kl ,oa cky dkWfeDl ckydksa dks yqHkkrs FksA ysfdu orZeku esa dqN fxuh pquh if=dk,¡ gha cktkj esa jg xbZ gS]a ftuesa ls vf/kdka”k esa og ckyksi;ksxh lkfgR; ugha gS] ftls cky euksfoKku dh dlkSVh ij [kjk dgk tk ldsA**2 bl ij lqèkkdj vk'kkoknh fpark O;Dr djrs gSAa lq/kkdj vk'kkoknh dh cky lkfgR; dh iqLrdksa esa Nqb& Z eqbZ ¼cky xhr] 1995½] vaR;k{kjh ¼2010½] nknk&nknh dh vueksy dgkfu;k¡ ¼2010½] ukuk&ukuh dh vueksy dgkfu;k¡ ¼2010½] eqgkojksa ds xhr ¼2013½] eqgkojksa dh dgkfu;k¡ ¼2013½] ,d&,d X;kjg ¼vad dfork,¡] 2014½] vkvks ioZ euk,¡ ¼2014½ mYys[kuh; gSAa cky lkfgR;dkj ds :i esa lq/kkdj vk'kkoknh us ^Nqb& Z eqb*Z ¼cky xhr½ ds ek/;e ls NksVh&NksVh okD; jpukvksa dk iz;ksx djrs gq, cPpksa dks vtxj] fpfM+;k] frryh] eksj] fcYyh] dcwrj] phaVh] gkFkh] ifjys[k 'kks/k lanHkZ ¼bZif=dk½

es<a d ds LokHkkfod xq.kksa dks le>k;k gSA cPpksa dks fl[kkus ds fy, igys mudh ekufldrk dks le>uk vfuok;Z gSA ;fn mUgsa lhèks&lhèks mins'k nsx a s rks ckr fcxM+ ldrh gS ysfdu xhrksa vkSj dgkfu;ksa ds ek/;e ls le>k,¡xs rks ckr muds fnekx esa ?kj dj tkrh gSA mnkgj.k ds fy, ehBs opu dh egÙkk dks Li"V djrk gqvk ;g xhr ns[ksa & ^^dkSvk fdlls D;k ys ysrk dks;y fdldks D;k ns nsrh dkSvk dk¡o dk¡o fpYykrk blhfy, u eu dks Hkkrk dks;y ehBs xhr lqukrh blhfy, lcds eu HkkrhA**3 cPpksa dks /ofu;ksa ds ckjs esa fl[kkus ds fy, lq/kkdj vk'kkoknh dk ;g xhr cgqr mi;ksxh gks ldrk gS& ^^>j >j >j >juk cgrk gS QV QV QV iaNh mM+rk gS Vj Vj Vj es<a d VjkZrk HkkSa HkkSa dj dqÙkk xqjkZrkA**4 ek¡ dh eerk dks n'kkZus okys bl xhr dks ns[ksa & ^^lcls I;kjh gS esjh ek¡ tx ls U;kjh gS esjh ek¡ lnk isez dk ikB i<+krh ckr ckr esa gS nqyjkrhA esjh ek¡ dk gS midkj ek¡ ls gh gS ?kj lalkjA**5 vaR;k{kjh cPpksa dh cgqr ilanhnk fo/kk gSA flQZ cPpksa ds fy, gh ugha vfirq cM+kas ds fy, HkhA le; fcrkus dk blls vPNk vkSj Kkuo/kZd mik; nwljk ugha gSA blls ,d vksj le; Hkh dV tkrk gS nwljh vksj Kku Hkh feyrk gSA lq/kkdj vk'kkoknh dk cgqr fnuksa dk iz;kl gS vaR;k{kjhA ;g euksjt a u ds lkFk&lkFk Kku dh ckrsa Hkh fl[kkus esa l{ke gSA bl iqLrd ds ek/;e ls mUgksua s uSfrd] lkekftd vkSj jk"Vªh; thou ewY;ksa dh LFkkiuk dh gSA ^nknk&nknh dh vueksy dgkfu;k¡* 'kh"kZd iqLrd ds ek/;e ls mUgksua s mu dgkfu;ksa dks lgstk gS ftuds ek/;e ls Kku ds lkFk lkFk cPpksa esa ewY; izfrLFkkfir gksAa os dgrs gSa fd ^^cpiu esa nknk&nknh ls lquh dgkfu;k¡ vkt Hkh eq>s tc ;kn vkrh gSa rks eu xqnxqnkus yxrk gSA jkr nsj rd tkxdj nknk&nknh ds fcLrj esa dHkh ifj;ksa dh tknqbZ dgkuh lquus dh ftn~n djus yxrsA gj jkr nknk&nknh dks ;w¡ gh lrkrs vkSj ubZ&ubZ dgkfu;k¡ lqurs rks dHkh rksrk&eSuk dh dgkuh lquus dh ftn~n dj cSBrsA gesa dgkfu;k¡ lqukus esa mUgsa Hkh rks vkuan feyrk FkkA fdruh lqgkuh Fkh oks jkrsAa vkt Hkh eq>s os jkr vkSj mu jkrksa esa nknk&nknh ls lquh dgkuh vPNh rjg ;kn gSA**6 bl iqLrd esa ladfyr dgkfu;ksa rFkk blesa fu:fir thou ewY; egRoiw.kZ gSA ^ukuk&ukuh dh vueksy dgkfu;k¡* dh ltZukRedrk ds ckjs esa Li"V djrs gq, lq/kkdj vk'kkoknh dgrs gSa fd ^^dqN dgkfu;ksa dks fy[kus dk volj feyk rks viuh bl Hkkxrh&nkSMr+ h ftanxh ls dqN iy fudkys vkSj ukuk&ukuh dh mu dgkfu;ksa dks ,d dkxt ij mdsjrk pyk x;kA vkt bUgha dgkfu;ksa us ,d iqLrd dk :i ys fy;kA dgkfu;ksa dks cgqr gh ljy Hkk"kk esa fy[kus dk iz;kl fd;k gSA ;s dgkfu;k¡ cPpksa esa laL—fr] f'k{kk vkSj Kku dk lapkj Hkh

vad&1 % tuojh] 2017

ISSN Applied

izos'kkad 74 tc vkrh gS ,d tuojh djsx a hA --- rks vkb, vius Kku dks c<+k,¡ vkSj i<+as ukuk&ukuh dh o"kZ dk gksrk igyk fnu ,slh dgkfu;k¡ ftuls gks cPpksa ds pfj= dk fuekZ.kA eq>s vk'kk gh lky iqjkuk ihNs NwVk ugha vfirq iw.kZ fo'okl gS fd iqLrd cky&ikBdksa ds fy, gh ugha 7 u, lky dh [kqf'k;k¡ fxuA**11 vfirq izR;sd oxZ ds ikBdksa ds fy, mi;ksxh fl) gksxhA** ^^vkbZ gS NCchl tuojh eqgkojksa ds ckjs esa le>kuk cgqr gh dfBu gksrk gSA ckydksa ds fy, ns'k dk gS x.kra= fnol x| ds ek/;e ls fl[kkuk tfVy gksrk gSA mUgsa [ksy&[ksy esa fl[kkus lafo/kku ykxw gksus dk ds fy, ,slh fo/kk pkfg,] tks d.kZfiz; gks rFkk ckydksa dk euksjt a u le>ks ;g gS tUe fnolA**12 Hkh djsAa ^îzkjafHkd f”k{kk esa ;fn ckydksa dks Kku ds fy, izfs jr djuk gksrk gS] rks mUgsa dksey Hkkoksa dh dfork,¡ lqukdj daBLFk djkbZ lq/kkdj vk'kkoknh cPpksa dks ljy vkSj lgt Hkk"kk esa /keZ dh vo/ tkrh gS] ftuesa ckyd vYi iz;kl esa gh vf/kd lh[k tkrk gS rFkk kkj.kk dks Li"V djrs gq, dgrs gSa fd & ^^/keZ ogh gS tks /kkj.k djrs fcuk vf/kd ifjJe ds ckyd ds Kku HkaMkj esa vis{kk ls vf/kd o`f) 8 ftlesa thrs vkSj gSa ejrs gksrk gSA** /keZ vkpj.k gS fl[kykrk êqgkojksa ds xhr* Hkkjrh; lekt ds O;kogkfjd fu"d"kksZa ls mits vuq'kklu ls ftldk ukrkA eqgkojksa ds vFkksZa dk dkO;e;h laxzg gS ftls ckydksa ds euksfoKku /keZ dh viuh gS ifjHkk"kk dks n`f"V esa j[krs gq, fy[kk x;k gSA ;g iqLrd fu”p; gh ckydksa fl[kykrh thou vfHkyk"kk ds Kku dk foLrkj djus esa lgk;d gksxhA /keZ dh viuh ijaijk,¡ êqgkojksa dh dgkfu;k¡* esa êqgkojksa ds xhr* dh Hkk¡fr gh dgkfu;ksa ds feydj ftudks lHkh fuHkk,¡A**13 ek/;e ls eqgkojksa ds ckjs esa Li"V fd;k x;k gSA eqgkojs Hkkjrh; lekt dh thou 'kSyh ds O;kogkfjd fu’d"kZ gksrs gS]a lks êqgkojksa dh oLrqr% /keZ thou n'kZu gSA /keZ vkpj.k fl[kkrk gSA ysfdu vkt / dgkfu;k¡* ds ek/;e ls eqgkojksa ds vFkZ ,oa muls lacfa èkr dgkuh keZ ds uke ij dqN lukruh dV~Vjoknh yksx ns'k dks VqdM+kas esa ck¡V fy[kus dk iz;kl fd;k x;k gSA blesa langs ugha fd ;s dgkfu;k¡ jgs gSAa blhfy, lq/kkdj vk'kkoknh cPpksa dks fl[kkrs gSa fd & ^^/keZ gekjk thou n'kZu ckydksa ds ekul iVy ij vfeV Nki vafdr djds muesa lkspus ,oa blls gh thou ifjorZu vius O;kogkfjd thou dh lPpkbZ;ksa ls voxr gksus dh {kerk /keZ gekjk lcls U;kjk iznku djrh gSAa /keZ gesa gS lcls I;kjkA**14 ^,d&,d X;kjg* oLrqr% vad dforkvksa dk ladyu gSA cgqr gh jkspd <ax ls mUgksua s cPpksa dks xhrksa ds ek/;e ls vadksa dh fxurh vr% ;g dgk tk ldrk gS fd lq/kkdj vk”kkoknh ,d ,sls l`td fl[kkbZ gSA orZeku f'k{kk i)fr ij Hkh O;aX; dlus esa lq/kkdj iz;ksx/kehZ O;Dr lkfgR;dkj gSa ftUgksua s cPpksa ds euksfoKku dks iwjh rjg ls le>k gSA muds fy, cky lkfgR; flQZ euksjt a u dk lk/ vk'kkoknh ugha pwdrsA ns[ksa & ku ugha gS vfirq ekuoh; ewY;ksa dks LFkkfir djus dk ek/;e gSA ^^v vk b bZ m Å , ,s la nHkZ vks vkS va v% d [k x ?k 1- lq/kkdj vk'kkoknh] ^cky lkfgR; l`td dks iz;ksx/kehZ gksuk pkfg,* ¼lq/kkdj vk'kkoknh ls xqjZedksaMk uhjtk dh fo”ks"k ckrphr½] lzoafr] o"kZ&59] vad&11] Qjojh] 2015] i`- 15 cpiu esa fl[kky, tkrsA 2- lq/kkdj vk'kkoknh] ^cky lkfgR; l`td dks iz;ksx/kehZ gksuk pkfg,* ¼lq/kkdj vk'kkoknh ls xqjZedksaMk uhjtk dh fo'ks"k ckrphr½] lzoafr] o"kZ&59] vad&11] Qjojh] 2015] i`- 16 , ch lh Mh b ,Q th ,p 3- lq/kkdj vk'kkoknh] êhBh cksyh*] NqbZ&eqbZ] i`- 9 vkbZ ts ds ,y ,e ,u vks 4- lq/kkdj vk'kkoknh] ^>juk*] NqbZ&eqbZ] i`- 12 5- lq/kkdj vk'kkoknh] êk¡*] NqbZ&eqbZ] i`- 4 lcdks [kwc jVk, tkrsA 6- lq/kkdj vk'kkoknh] Hkwfedk] nknk&nknh dh vueksy dgkfu;k¡] i`- 3 7- lq/kkdj vk'kkoknh] Hkwfedk] ukuk&ukuh dh vueksy dgkfu;k¡] i`- 3 ou Vw Fkzh Qksj Qkbo 8- lq/kkdj vk'kkoknh] Hkwfedk] eqgkojksa ds xhr] i`- 3 9- lq/kkdj vk'kkoknh] ^vad dfork,¡*] ,d&,d X;kjg] i`- 4 flDl lsou ,V ukbu 10- lq/kkdj vk'kkoknh] ^nks*] ,d&,d X;kjg] i`- 6 9 11- lq/kkdj vk'kkoknh] û;k lky*] vkvks ioZ euk,¡] i`- 3 vaxy q h ij fxuok, tkrsA** 12- lq/kkdj vk'kkoknh] ^NCchl tuojh*] vkvks ioZ euk,¡] i`- 4 vk'kkoknh] ^/keZ*] vkvks ioZ euk,¡] i`- 2 lq/kkdj vk'kkoknh flQZ vadksa dh fxurh gh ugha fl[kkrs cfYd 13-14- lqlq//kkdj kkdj vk'kkoknh] ^/keZ*] vkvks ioZ euk,¡] i`- 2 ewY;ksa dks Hkh LFkkfir djrs gSAa tSls & fganh tkuusokyk O;fä ns'k ds fdlh dksus esa tkdj ^^,d ,d tc fey tkrs gSa viuk dke pyk ysrk gSA feydj os nks dgykrs gSa &nsoozr 'kkL=h ,d&nwljs ds lax feydj os cy'kkyh gks tkrs gSAa **10 fganh vkSj ukxjh dk çpkj rFkk fodkl dksbZ Hkh jksd ugha ^vkvks ioZ euk,¡* ds ek/;e ls lq/kkdj vk'kkoknh us Hkkjrh; ioksZa ds ldrkA ckjs esa cPpksa dks fl[kkus dk iz;kl fd;k gSA iangz vxLr] j{kkca/ku] &xksfoUnoYyHk iar Jh—".k tUek"Veh] nks vDVwcj] fot;n'keh] okYehfd t;arh] nhikoyh] bZn] iPphl fnlacj ,sls dbZ R;ksgkjksa ds ckjs esa cPpksa dks cky xhrksa Hkkjr dh lkjh çkarh; Hkk"kkvksa dk ntkZ leku gSA ds }kjk le>k;k x;k gSA mnkgj.k ds fy, ns[ksa & &jfo'kadj 'kqDy ^^fVd&fVd djrh ?kM+h crkrh fdlh lkfgR; dh udy ij dksbZ lkfgR; rS;kj ugha feuV vkSj ?kaVksa dh pfy gksrkA dc esa iwjk cjl gS chrk &lw;d Z kar f=ikBh fujkyk vk;k gS fQj u;k lkyA ifjys[k 'kks/k lanHkZ ¼bZif=dk½

vad&1 % tuojh] 2017

ISSN Applied

izos'kkad

fganh cky dgkuh & oh-eerk ckyd fo/kkrk }kjk fufeZr og vyH;&vuks[kk Ñfr gS] tks thou dh feBkl] laxhr vkSj lqjfHk ds lkFk&lkFk ewY;ks]a ijaijkvksa dks Hkh lqjf{kr j[krk gSA cPpksa dk eu dgkuh lquus ds fy, mrkoyh gksrk gSA nknh&ukuh dh dgkfu;ksa dh fiVkjh tc [kqyrh gSa rks mlesa /kjs ,d&ls&,d uk;kc jRuksa dh ped ls uUgks& a eqUuksa dh vk¡[ksa pkSfa /k;k tkrh gSAa xfeZ;ksa dh lqjebZ lka> dh [kqyh Nr gks ;k tkM+s dh lnZ jkr dh xje jtkbZ] nknh&ukuh dh dgkuh dk dqN vyx gh etk gksrk gSA cPpksa dh nqfu;k dk gj jax] gj Hkko] gj Nfo] gj Hkko&Hkafxek fganh cky dgkuh esa ekStnw gSA ckyd fo”o ukxfjd gksrk gS] ckY;koLFkk esa mls ns”k] dky] tkrh] o.kZ vkSj /keZ dh lhek,¡ ugha ck¡/k ikrhA mldh Hkkoukvksa ,oa dYiukvksa dk lalkj foLr`r gksrk gSA ckyd dh bu Hkkoukvksa ,oa dYiukvksa dk LoLFk fodkl gksuk pkfg, D;ksfa d lkekftd fodkl ds vadjq cPps gh gksrs gSAa cky dgkuh mu laLdkjksa dks dgkuh ds ik=ksa ds ek/;e ls iq"V djrk gS tks cM+s gksdj mUgsa thou ewY;ksa dks igpkuus esa lgk;rk djrh gSAa cky thou esa ewY; ,oa laLdkj Hkjus ds fy, iapfoa”kfrdk] flagklu cÙkhlh] Hkkst izcaèk] “kqd lIrfr tSls laLÑr dFkk lkfgR; izkIr gSAa osn] iqjk.k] mifu’kn vkfn xzFa kksa ds vk[;ku] mik[;ku] uSfrd ewY;ijd vla[; dFkkud vkSj vusd egkiq#’kks]a nsoh&nsorkvksa ds dFkk&izlx a ksa dh v{k; xaxks=h ls fganh cky dgkfu;ksa dh eankfduh izokfgr gks jgh gS] tks ekuo thou ds ukuk :iksa dh O;k[;k djrh gSA ftKklk vkSj dkSrgw y ekuo dh lgt izo`fÙk gSA blhfy, dgkuh ekuo bfrgkl ds vkjaHk ls gh mlds lkFk tqMh+ gqbZ gSA dgkuh esa cPps vf/kd jl ysrs gSAa gj vk;q ds cPps viuh&viuh #fp dh dgkfu;k¡ lquuk ;k i<+uk ilan djrs gSAa dgkfu;k¡ cPpksa dks fj>krh gSa vkSj dYiuk ds u, yksd esa ys tkrh gSAa cPpksa dh vfHk#fp;ksa dks /;ku esa j[kdj cky&dgkuh dk oxhZdj.k bl izdkj fd;k tkrk gSA ,sfrgkfld dgkfu;k¡ % bl dgkuh dk vk/kkj bfrgkl gksrk gSA ,sfrgkfld dgkuh ds ,d :Ik esa HkkSfrd ?kVukvksa dk o.kZu gksrk gS rks nwljs :i dk lac/a k jktuhfr ls vf/kd gksrk gSA ,sfrgkfld dky esa thfor ik= ltho laons u”khy izk.kh gksrs gSAa os vius dk;Z O;ogkj] fparu] vuqHko] vkn”kZ vkfn ls bfrgkl dh /kkjk eksM+ nsrs gSa vkSj vius thou dh Nki vkxs ds le; ij NksM+ tkrs gSAa lqHknzk dqekjh pkSgku viuh dfork esa dg pqdh gS& a ^cqna y s s gjcksyksa ds eq¡g geus lquh dgkuh Fkh] [kwc yM+h enkZuh og rks >k¡lh okyh jkuh FkhAA* tgk¡ bfrgkl jktk] jkuh] lSfud] turk dk ifjp; nsrk gS] ogha ;g ,sfrgkfld dgkfu;ksa dh i`’BHkwfe cu ldrh gSA ,sfrgkfld dgkfu;ksa ls /kS;]Z lkgl] ohjrk] jktuhfr] ‘kM;a=] ns”kHkfDr] vkRelEeku] ml le; dh thou “kSyh] lkfgR;&laLÑfr vkfn Kku izkIr gksrk gSA ikSjkf.kd dgkfu;k¡ % Hkkjr dk izkphu bfrgkl iqjk.kksa esa lqjf{kr gSA iqjk.kksa dh jpuk esa dYiuk dk iqV T;knk gksus ij Hkh vrhr thou ds n`“; laxfz gr gSA ;s n`“; vR;ar ltho rFkk ekuoh; laons ukvksa ls ifjiw.kZ gSAa ns”kHkDr ckyd “kreU;q vdkyxzLr ns”k dks cpkus ds ifjys[k 'kks/k lanHkZ ¼bZif=dk½

fy, izk.kksa dh cfy p<+kus dks rS;kj gksrk gSA banz dks izlUu djus ds fy, ujes/k fd;k tkus yxk rks ckjg o’khZ; ckyd “kreU;q Hkjh lHkk esa [kM+k gksdj dgrk gS] ^^vla[; izkf.k;ksa dh j{kk ,oa ns”k dks ladV dh fLFkfr ls eqfDr fnykus ds fy, esjk izk.k lg’kZ vfiZr gSA** ckyd “kreU;q tSls ik= ls cPpksa esa R;kx] drZO;fu’Bk] ns”k izes ] ijksidkj lgt gh iSnk fd;k tk ldrk gSA i|e; cky dgkfu;k¡ % cPpksa dh lokZf/kd yksdfiz; fo/kk gS dgkuh vkSj ;gh dgkuh dfork ds :Ik esa dgh tk, rks mUgsa nqxuq h fiz; gks tkrh gSA Lkksguyky f}osnh dh ^pyjs eVds VEed Vw¡* “kq:vkr gh ckyeu esa iwjh dgkuh ds izfr xgjh yyd mitk nsrh gS& ^cgqr fnu gq, cqf<+;k ,d@pyrh Fkh ykBh VsdA mlds ikl cgqr Fkk eky@tkuk Fkk mldks llqjkyA exj jkg esa phrs&”ksj@ysrs Fks jkgh dks ?ksjA cqf<+;k us lksph rnchj@ftlls ped mBs rdnhjA fQj ,d cM+&lk eVdk e¡xkdj vkSj mlesa lkeku lfgr [kqn cSBdj cqf<+;k llqjky py nh & ^vk;s phrs] vk;s “ksj@ij cqf<+;k dks lds u ?ksjA ysdj ds lc ?kj dk eky@cqf<+;k igq¡p xbZ llqjkyA cqf<+;k xkrh tkrh ;w¡@pyjs eVds VEed Vw¡A ijhdFkk,¡ % ijh dFkk,¡ cPpksa dks cgqr Hkkrs gSAa fo”o dh dksbZ Hkk’kk ,slh u gksxh ftlesa ifjdFkk,¡ u gksAa dqN ijhdFkk laxkz gdksa vkSj ijhdFkkdkjksa dh cky lkfgR; dks egRoiw.kZ nsu ekuh tkrh gSA ijhdFkk ,d dYiuk gSA ifj;ksa dk jax lQsn] mM+us ds fy, ia[k] ckSuk dn gksrs gSAa ifj;k¡ cPpksa dks pany z ksd dh lSj djkrh gSa vkSj mUgsa ln~x.q kksa ds cgqr fudV cPpksa dks ;FkkFkZ thou dh fujk”kk ls nwj lkaRouk ,oa lg;ksx nsdj os mudh vkLFkkvksa vkSj fo”oklksa dks c<+krh gSAa ijhdFkkvksa esa ,slh ?kVuk,¡ gksrh gSa ftUgsa ge lkèkkj.kr;k lksp gh ugha ldrs] ysfdu muls gekjk efLr’d fo”kky curk gS vkSj vkxs lkspus dh cqf) mitrh gSA uSfrd&/kkfeZd dgkfu;k¡ % bu dgkfu;ksa ls cPpksa ds fn”kk funs”Z k nsus esa dksbZ langs ugha gSA gesa ;g ns[kuk gS fd /kkfeZd dgkfu;k¡ dgha cky&eu esa va/kfo”okl] /kekZ/a krk] ?k`.kk vkSj fo}s’k tSls Hkko rks ugha Hkj jgh gSAa cPpksa dks LoPN ,oa LoLFk thou ewY;ksa ls tksMu+ s esa budh mikns;rk vR;f/kd gSA ;”kiky tSu us lLrk lkfgR; eaMy ls ^cksèk dFkk,¡*] ^uhfr ds cksy*] ^vkn”kZ nsfo;k¡* tSlh iqLrdksa ls cPpksa dks thou;kiu dh jkg fn[kkbZA cPpksa esa izjs .kk ds cht dsoy ,sfrgkfld&ikSjkf.kd dFkkvksa esa gh ugha feyrh dHkh&dHkh vius vkl&ikl ds thou esa Hkh gesa ,sls pfj= fn[k tkrs gS]a ftUgksua s vius ladYi] Je vkSj thou ls grk”k ds ?kus dksgjs dks phjdj lQyrk dh lhf<+;k¡ p<+h gSAa vius utnhd ?kweus okys ;s thrs&tkxrs ik= cPpksa dks de izHkkfor ugha djrsA budh lPph dgkfu;k¡ i<+dj muds eu esa Hkh lQy gksus dh vkdka{kk tkxrh gSA lkglh dgkfu;k¡ % thou cM+kas dk gks ;k ckydksa dk lkgl dh nksuksa dks vko”;drk gksrh gSA lkekU; thou esa lkgl “kfDr dk lapkj djrk gSA tcfd vkdfLed dfBukb;ksa esa lkgl “kfDr c<+kdj cpus ;k dfBukbZ ij fot; fnykus esa lQy gksrk gSA 1938 o’kZ esa izdkf”kr iqLrd ^tku gFksyh ij* esa jkeo`{k csuhiqjh us ohjrk vkSj lkgl dh jksekapd dgkfu;k¡ fy[kh gSAa iqLrd dh Hkwfedk esa mUgksua s fy[kk gS&^ohjrk] o;] fyax] oxZ&fdlh Hkh HksnHkko ij fuHkZj ugha

vad&1 % tuojh] 2017

ISSN Applied

izos'kkad 76 djrhA ;g LofxZd pht gS] tc tgk¡] ftl ij ped tk,A* lkgl oSKkfud dgkfu;k¡ % vkt dk ;qx foKku dk ;qx gSA foKku us gesa ifjfLFkfr ds vuqlkj mRiUu gksrh gSA blh ds ifj.kkeLo:Ik ekuo dsoy mUufr ds volj ugha fn,] cfYd viuh ;FkkrF;rk ls gekjs Lo;a lkgliw.kZ dk;Z djrk gSA lkfgR;dkjksa us lkgliw.kZ dk;Z n`f’Vdks.k dks Hkh cny fn;k gSA oSKkfud dgkfu;ksa ds ys[ku esa nks iznf”kZr dgkfu;ksa dh jpuk dhA cky ikBd ,slh dgkfu;ksa esa n`f’Vdks.k gS& a foKku dh tkudkjh nsuk vkSj oSKkfud n`f’Vdks.k dk jleXu gksdj vius ân; dks fodflr djrk gSA thtkckbZ f”kokth fodkl djukA izFke dksfV dh cky dgkfu;k¡ fy[kus ds fy, dks cpiu esa ohjrkiw.kZ dgkfu;k¡ lquk;k djrh FkhaA bu ohjrkiw.kZ jpukdkj dks foKku dh Bksl tkudkjh gksuh pkfg,] D;ksfa d og dgkfu;ksa ds lkgl dh ,slh Nki f”kokth ij iM+h fd vkxs pydj vius cky ikBdksa dks oSKkfud rF;ksa ls voxr djkrk gSA nwljh mUgksua s “kfDr”kkyh ckn”kkg vkSjx a tsc ds nk¡r [kV~Vs dj fn,A dksfV dh cky dgkfu;ksa esa va/kfo”okl dk [kaMu rFkk izn’w k.k ls yksd dFkk,¡ % yksd thou dh cgqeYw ; Fkkfr vkSj ns”k dh lkaLÑfrd cpko tSls fo’k;ksa }kjk cPpksa esa oSKkfud n`f’Vdks.k dk fodkl fd;k ,drk dh fun”kZd Hkh gSA yksd dFkk,¡ cky lkfgR; dk “kk”or Lkzkrs tkrk gS vkSj ,d Js.kh ,slh gS] ftlesa oSKkfud rRo dh vis{kk gSA yksd lkfgR; esa tuekul dks vfHkO;fDr feyhA yksd dFkk,¡ QSVa l s h rRo vf/kd gkoh jgk gSA lai.w kZ vkfnoklh thou dks izfrfcafcr djrh gSAa bu dFkkvksa ds eqgkojksa dh dgkfu;k¡ % eqgkojs Hkk’kk ds fof”k’V iz;ksx ds lwpd gSa jpukdkjksa dk ekul vR;ar O;kid gSA ;gh dkj.k gS fd i”kq&if{k;ksa vkSj Hkk’kk dh O;atukiw.kZ bdkbZ gSAa viuh vFkZ xaHkhjrk }kjk Hkk’kk dh ls ysdj isM& + ikS/kksa vkSj ekuotkfr rd vFkkZr~ tM+&psru lHkh dks l?kurk iznku djrs gSAa eqgkojksa dh nwljh fo”ks’krk gS fd muds ewy yksd dFkkvksa esa ok.kh feyhA bu dFkkvksa us tM+ dks Hkh psru fn;kA esa fdlh ?kVuk dk ladrs jgrk gS tSls ^^LoxZ ls fxjk [ktwj ij tklwlh dgkfu;k¡ % tklwlksa dk fodkl vijk/kksa dk irk yxkus ds vVdkA** MkW- gfjÑ’.k nsoljs ds “kCnksa esa ^^bu dgkfu;ksa dh jpuk fy, gqvk gSA viuh lw{e cqf) dk izek.k rFkk rdZ&fordZ ds vkèkkj esa ;g fo”ks’krk gksrh gS fd os eqgkojksa esa ls gh fudyrh gSAa ij tklwl vijkf/k;ksa rd igq¡prs gSAa fdarq tklwl vius dke esa eqgkojsnkj dgkuh fy[kus okyksa esa gfjÑ’.k nsoljs] vksd a kj prqonZs h] ftrus eqLrSn vkSj dq”kkxz gksrs gS]a vijk/kh Hkh mrus gh cqf)eku gksrs vkseizdk”k flagy vkfn ize[q k gSAa ^vDy cM+h ;k HkSl a *] êu paxk rks gSAa nksuksa ,d nwljs ls ekr [kk;k djrs gSa vkSj dHkh tklwl vijkf/ dBkSrh esa xaxk*] ^rsy ns[kks] rsy dh /kkj ns[kks* tSlh dgkfu;ksa esa k;ksa dks idM+us esa lQy gksrs gS]a rks dHkh vijk/kh tklwlksa dks /kks[kk bUgksua s thou o txr dks eqgkojksa ls tksMk+ gSA nsdj viuk dke cukus esa lQy gks tkrs gSAa vaxt sz h esa tklwlh cky euksoSKkfud dgkfu;k¡ % bl oxZ dh cky dgkfu;ksa dh lkfgR; dk izpyu cgqr igys gh gks pqdk FkkA fganh cky lkfgR; “kq:vkr esa izes pan dh bZnxkg fy[kh xbZA lkfo=h nsoh oekZ] esa og izokg gh gS] fQj Hkh tklwlh lkfgR; us viuk LFkku cuk fy;k eUeFkukFk xqIr] fo’.kq izHkkdj tSls iqjkus dgkuhdkjksa ds lkFk ckn ds gSA 1941 esa ûanu* cky if=dk dk iwjk vad gh tklwlh dgkuh vad ys[kdksa us Hkh lqna j euksoK S kfud cky dgkfu;k¡ fy[kh gSAa fo’.kq ds :Ik esa izdkf'kr gqvk gSA izHkkdj dh ^lqna j yM+dh* dgkuh esa ukS&nl o’kZ dh xqfM+;k tSlh gkL; dgkfu;k¡ % ckydksa ds LokLF; ds fy, gkL; dh vko';drk eatjh dks vius :i&lkSna ;Z ij ?keaM gSA eNqokjs dh yM+dh dud gksrh gSA gkL; dgkkfu;k¡ bl fo’k; esa ize[q k Hkwfedk fuHkkrh gSAa cky mldh leo;Ld gS] og eatjh dks dq:i yxrh gSA ij tc ogh lkfgR; dk mn~n”s ; ckydksa ds ekufld fodkl ds lkFk gh mudk dud mls leqnz esa Mwcus ls cpkrh gS rks mldh vk¡[kksa esa lcls lqna j euksjt a u djuk Hkh gS fdarq gkL; cky&lkfgR; rks fo”kq) euksjt a u yM+dh cu tkrh gSA ^feuh egkRek* ¼vkye”kkg [kku½ Jh izlkn dh dh n`f’V ls gh l`ftr gksrh gSA dgkfu;ksa ,oa mins'kksa ds lgkjs cPpksa ^#uq :Bh gS*] {kek “kekZ dh ^tqnkbZ fdju* vkfn ize[q k dgkfu;k¡ gSAa ds pfj= dk fodkl djrs gSAa izes ] lgkuqHkwfr] eerk] okRlY; vkSj cPpksa dk thou vkSj vkfLerk dh ryk”k djrh cky dgkfu;k¡ % Lofoosd dh muesa {kerk gksrh gSA ;s lc Hkko mins”k ls ugha cPpksa dk lalkj cgqr cny x;k gSA igys [ksy&f[kykSuksa ls] izkÑfrd :Ik ls muesa tUe ys ysrs gSAa muds iw.kZ thou dks gksyh&fnokyh rd mudh [kqf”k;k¡ lhfer FkhA vkt dEI;wVj ds ekufld :Ik ls LokLF; cuk, j[kus rFkk mYykl vkSj mRlkgiw.kZ ekml ds lkFk [ksyrs gSAa dkSrgq y ,oa ftKklk cgqr c<+ x;k gSA cukus ds fy, gkL; lkfgR; dh mi;ksfxrk gSA /keZiky 'kkL=h] ekrk&firk dh e”khuh ftanxh] iSlksa ds ihNs HkkxnkSM+ esa vkt dk lR;nso prqonZs h vkfn us vPNh gkL; dgkfu;k¡ fy[kh gSAa cPpk vdsyk gSA fd”kksjkoLFkk esa igq¡prs gh muds LoHkko esa fonzkgs h] i”kq&if{k;ksa dh dgkfu;k¡ % i”kq&if{k;ksa dh dgkfu;ksa dk izFke Lkzkrs mxz] [krjukd rsoj ns[kus dks feyrs gSA cPpksa ds ledkyhu thou iapra= ,oa fgrksins”k ds igys ls gSA i”kq&if{k;ksa }kjk cky dgkuh ds cgqjx a h n`“;ksa dks mtkxj djus okyh vPNh cky dgkfu;k¡ fy[kh jpuk dh n`f’V lgt vkSj LoHkkfod gSA ekuo thou i”kq&if{k;ksa ds xbZ gSAa os dgkfu;k¡ cPpksa ds cgqr yqHkkrh gS]a D;ksfa d muesa mldk lkFk ?kqy&feydj gh izkjafHkd dky ls chrrk vk;k gSA l`f’V ds thou] mldk lalkj vkSj mldh vfLerk dh ryk”k dk iz;kl vkjaHk esa ekuo thou i”kq&if{k;ksa ds lkFk bruk ?kfu’B :Ik ls tqMk+ fufgr gSA t;izdk”k Hkkjrh dh ^xqCckjs*] “kdqra yk oekZ dh ^gkj dh gqvk Fkk fd ekuo mUgsa vius thou dk vax ekuus yxkA /khjs&/khjs thr*] Ñ’.k ukxj dh ^va”kw&ea”kw* vkfn gl izdkj dh dgkfu;ksa esa og muls ckrphr djus] vius lq[k&nq[k dh ckrsa djus vkSj muds ize[q k gSAa MkW- “;ke “kf”k] MkW- m’kk ;kno] paniz ky flag ê;ad*] MkWlq[k&nq[k dh Hkh dYiuk djus yxkA vkfn ckyd dh Hkk¡fr vkt jkes”oj nÙk “kekZ] Ñ’.k ukxj] Hkxorh izlkn f}osnh] izHkkr xqIr dk ckyd Hkh i”kq&if{k;ksa dh laxfr esa igq¡pus ds fy, ykykf;r vkfn ds uke mu dgkfu;ksa ds ys[kdksa esa gS] ftuls cPpksa dks jgrk gSA rHkh vkt dk cky dgkuhdkj i”kq&if{k;ksa dks vk/kkj euksjt a u vkSj fn”kk funs”Z ku izkIr gksrk gSA cukdj dgkfu;k¡ fy[k jgk gSA ^vCcw[kk¡ dh cdjh* “kh’kZd cky cPpksa ds fy, fofHkUu fo’k;ksa ij dgkfu;k¡ fy[kh tk jgh gS]a ftuls dgkuh ds ys[kd MkW- tkfdj gqlSu gSAa bl dgkuh dh dsna hz ; cPpksa ds fofHkUu Lrj ds Kku esa o`f) gksrh gS vkSj muesa fofHkUu laons uk gS& viuh vktknh dh j{kk ds fy, ej&feVus dh HkkoukA izof` Ùk;ksa dk fodkl gksrk gSA ifjys[k 'kks/k lanHkZ ¼bZif=dk½

vad&1 % tuojh] 2017

ISSN Applied

izos'kkad

fo'oukFk lR;ukjk;.k —r rsyx q q miU;kl ôsf;iMxyq* dk vuqokn % lkaL—frd lanHkZ & ih- ikouh fo'oukFk lR;ukjk;.k ¼1895&1976½ rsyqxq ds izfl) ys[kd] miU;kldkj] dfo] vkykspd rFkk ukVddkj gSAa ôsf;iMxyq* ¼1939½ muds izfl) miU;kl gSA ih-oh- ujflagkjko us bldk fganh esa ^lglzQ.k* ¼1970½ uke ls vuqokn fd;k gSA bl miU;kl esa ,d vksj tgk¡ Hkkjrh; laL—fr gS ogha nwljh vksj rsyx q q Hkk"kk lekt vafdr gSA lkFk gh bl miU;kl esa jktuhfr Hkh gS] bfrgkl Hkh gS] 'kkL= Hkh gS vkSj yksd ekU;rk,¡ Hkh gSAa dqN vkykspdksa us bls miU;kl dgus ij vkifÙk trkbZ D;ksfa d ;g miU;kl ls vfrfjDr cgqr dqN gSA /;ku ls ns[ksa rks ;g Li"V gksrk gS fd ^^bldk eq[; fo"k; Hkkjrh; thou rFkk thou n”kZu esa orZeku laf/kdky dk foospu&fo”ys"k.k gSA** ¼ih-oh- ujflagkjko] izkLrkfod] lglzQ.k] i`7½A bl fo”kkydk; miU;kl ds ek/;e ls ys[kd us ,d ,sls ;qx dk fp=.k fd;k gS tgk¡ izkphu ewY;ksa dk gzkl gks jgk gS vkSj mlds LFkku ij u, ewY;ksa dh LFkkiuk Bhd rjg ls ugha gks ikrhA ifj.kkeLo:i la?k"kZ vkSj vfuf”prrk ?ksj ysrs gSAa bl miU;kl esa vk/kqfud lH;rk dk rM+d&HkM+d] <dkslyk vkfn dk Hkh ekfeZd fp=.k gSA ^^miU;kl dk fu"d"kZ ;g gS fd Hkkjro"kZ esa lekt jpuk dh uhao gekjs fparu&vkn”kksZa ds vk/kkj ij gh gksuh mfpr gSA fdlh vkSj vk/kkj ij og uhao [kks[kyh gh jgsxhA** ¼ih-oh- ujflagkjko] izkLrkfod] lglzQ.k] i`- 7½A dF;] pfj=&fp=.k vkSj Hkk"kk 'kSyh vkfn dh n`f"V ls rsyx q q lkfgR; txr esa blus viuk ,d vuwBk LFkku cuk;k gSA ,slh —fr dk vuqokn pqukSrhiw.kZ dk;Z gSA ôsf;iMxyq* ds fganh vuqokn ^lglzQ.k* esa iz;qDr lkaL—frd vfHkO;fDr;ksa dk foospu&fo”ys”k.k ;gk¡ fd;k tk jgk gSA lkaL— frd 'kCnksa rFkk vfHkO;fDr;ksa dks eq[; :i ls rhu Hkkxksa esa foHkftr dj ldrs gSa & v- /keZ ls lacfa /kr vk- fofo/k laLdkjksa ls lacfa /kr b- yksd fo”oklks]a ekU;rkvksa ls lacfa /kr v- /keZ ls lacfa /kr 1- lzkrs Hkk’kk % foekueq ¼i`- 945½ y{; Hkk’kk % foeku ¼i`- 449½ leh{kk % nf{k.k Hkkjr ds eafnjksa dk fuekZ.k 'kSyh mÙkj Hkkjr ds eafnjksa ls vyx gSA nf{k.k esa eafnj ds xHkkZy; ds Åij cuk gqvk Bksl fuekZ.k tks fd mÙkjksÙkj lwP;k—fr /kkj.k djrk gS mldks foeku dgrs gSAa mÙkj ds eafnjksa esa lk/kkj.kr% ,sls fuekZ.k fn[kkbZ ugha nsrAs blfy, bl ^foekueq* 'kCn dks fyI;arfjr djds ^foeku* :i esa izLrqr fd;k x;k gSA 2- lzk-s Hkk % cfyihBeq ¼i`- 179½ y- Hkk % cfy&ihB ¼i`- 122½ leh{kk % nsoeafnjksa esa Hkxoku dh ewfrZ ds lkeus cfyvUu vkfn j[kus ds ih<+k dks cfy&ihB dgrs gSAa ;g ih<+k /otLraHk ds ikl jgrk ifjys[k 'kks/k lanHkZ ¼bZif=dk½

gSA vUu] v/;Z] v{kr ds lkFk cfy osnh ij jkst Hkxoku dks uSo| s p<+k;k tkrk gSA eafnj ij vk/kkfjr i”kq&if{k;ks]a dhMs&edksMksa ds fy, ;g uSo| s t:j p<+krs gSAa mÙkj Hkkjrh; laL—fr esa bl rjg dh ladYiuk fn[kkbZ ugha nsrhA blfy, fyI;arfjr djds ikn fVIi.kh ds ek/;e ls Li’V fd;k x;k gSA 3- lzk-s Hkk % 'kBxksieq ¼i`- 355½ y- Hkk % 'kVdksi ¼i`- 184½ leh{kk % Lokeh ds pj.k tks HkDrksa ds flj ij fVdk, tkrs gSAa lksuk] pk¡nh ;k rkez ls eafnj ds xksijq tSlk vk—fr esa jgrk gS ftl ij Hkxoku ds pj.k fpg~u vafdr jgrk gSA 4- lzk-s Hkk % laikz {s k.keq ¼i`- 13½ y- Hkk % laikz {s k.k ¼i`- 24½ leh{kk % eafnj esa dksbZ vNwr ?kVuk ?kVh gks] dqÙks dk izo”s k gqvk gks] fdlh dh e`R;q gqbZ gks ;k eafnj dk fuekZ.k djds 100 lky ;k 60 lky gqvk gks rc eafnj dks lai{zs k.k djrs gSAa ;g eafnj ds fy, fof”k"V /kkfeZd lanHkZ gSA bl volj vfHk"ksd] ;K vkfn dk vk;kstu fd;k tkrk gSA 5- lzk-s Hkk % dY;k.kksRloeqyq ¼i`- 7½ y- Hkk % dY;k.kksRlo ¼i`- 20½ leh{kk % nf{k.k ds eafnjksa esa Hkxoku ds fookg dks gj lky mRlo ds :i esa euk;k tkrk gSA ;g mRlo eafnjksa esa 5]7]9]11 fnu eukrs gSAa mÙkj Hkkjr ds eafnjksa esa ;g izFkk cgqr de fn[kkbZ nsrh gSA fyI;arj.k djds ikn fVIi.kh ds lgkjs vFkZ Li"V fd;k x;k gSA 6- lzk-s Hkk % /oktkjksg.keq ¼i`- 765½ y- Hkk % /oktkjksg.k ¼i`- 338½ leh{kk % dY;k.kksRloksa ds igys fnu ^/otkjksgj.k* fd;k tkrk gSA lQsn diM+s ij egkoj ¼gYnh vkSj pwus dk feJ.k½ ls fp= [khapdj osn ea=ksPpkj.k ds lkFk /otLraHk ij mldks Qgjk;k tkrk gSA ^èotkjksg.k* ls dY;k.kksRloksa esa lHkh nsoh nsorkvksa dks fuea=.k fn;k tkrk gSA 7- lzk-s Hkk % rsIik;qRloeq ¼i`- 162½ y- Hkk % ukSdk mRlo ¼i`- 109½ leh{kk % dY;k.kksRloksa ds var esa Hkxoku dh ewfrZ;ksa dks uko ¼ukSdk½ esa cSBkdj eafnj ds ikl ryS;k esa ?kqekrs gSAa bls ûkSdk mRlo* uke ls tkuk tkrk gSA ewy esa iz;Dq r ^rsIik* “kCn dk vFkZ gS ûko* vr% “kkfCnd vuqokn dk lgkjk ysdj ukSdk mRlo dk lVhd iz;ksx fd;k x;k gSA 8- lzk-s Hkk % nsonklh ¼i`- 46½ y- Hkk % nsonklh ¼i`- 48½ leh{kk % eafnj es]a fo”ks”k :i ls nf{k.k Hkkjr ds eafnjksa esa e/;;qxhu izFkk ds vuqlkj ,d urZdh dh fu;qfDr gksrh FkhA og urZdh Hkxoku ds lEeq[k u`R; djrh Fkh vkSj vius thou rFkk ;kSou dks Hkxoku ds pj.kksa esa viZ.k djrh FkhA og fdlh ls fookg ugha djrhA Hkxoku gh mlds ifr le>s tkrsA bl nsonklh izFkk dk nf{k.k esa jkspd bfrgkl gSA bl mnkÙk rFkk ifo=iw.kZ izFkk esa /khjs&/khjs dkeqdrk vkSj Hkz"Vkpkj dk lekos”k gksrk x;k vkSj var esa ;g izFkk lekIr gks xbZA 9- lzk-s Hkk % /otLraHkeq ¼i`- 945½ y- Hkk % /otLraHk ¼i`- 449½ leh{kk % nf{k.k Hkkjr esa eafnj ds lkeus yach ydM+h dks [kM+k fd;k tkrk gS tks eafnj ds f”k[kj ds leku Å¡pkbZ esa jgrk gSA bls ûkjkosfi* uked [kkl ydM+h ls cukrs gSAa ml ydM+h dks yksgs ls rikrs gSAa /otLraHk dks eafnj dk jh<+ ekuk tkrk gSA /otLraHk ds fcuk dksbZ eafnj ugha gksrAs dkfrZd ekg esa 'kke dks fn;k tykdj èotLraHk ds Åij yVdkrs gSAa bls ^vkdk”k nhieq* ¼vkdk”knhi½ dgrs gSAa bldk n”kZu djuk iq.; ekuk tkrk gSA dY;k.kksRloksa ds

vad&1 % tuojh] 2017

ISSN Applied

izos'kkad 78 leh{kk % fookg ds le; fuHkkusokyk ,d jLe gSA czkã.k ds fookgksa le; /otkjksg.k /otLraHk ij gh djrs gSAa 10- lzk-s Hkk % iqfydkiq isVV~ Vq dq vpZdM q q foxzgeqyuq fujyadkjeqyx q k esa ;g jLe fo”ks’kr% fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA bl jLe ds le; tehu ij mapus q ¼i`- 37½ jax&fcjaxs pw.kksZa ls ,siu iwjrs gS ftls jaxksyh dgk tkrk gSA ml y- Hkk % iqtkjh us Lokeh dks Luku djkus ds fy, vkHkw"k.k mrkj fn, jaxksyh ds chp esa oj o/kw dks fcBkdj uhyyksfgrk ¼dkys eksfr;ks½a dh FksA ¼i`- 42½ iwtk djkrs gSAa ckn esa mu dkys eksfr;ksa dks /kkxs esa xw¡Fkdj oj oèkw leh{kk % eafnjksa esa ewfrZ;ksa dks R;ksgkjksa ;k fof”k"V voljksa ij dks igukrk gSA fujyadkj djds ugk;k tkrk gSA bl izfØ;k dks rsyx q q Hkk"kk esa 5- lzk-s Hkk % xa/k rkacy w eqyq ¼i`- 35½ y- Hkk % iku&lqikjh ¼i`- 40½ îqfydkiq isVV~ Vq *A vuqokn esa Hkkokuqokn dk lgkjk fy;k x;k gSA leh{kk % fookg ds le; vk, gq, vfrfFk;ksa ds gkFkksa ij panu 11- lzk-s Hkk % xa/k rkacy w eqy]q ikudiq fcany s q bfPp v¸;k! eh Lokfeokfjfd ysidj csy ds iÙks] lqikjh] Qy vkfn feykdj nsus dk fjokt rsyx q q ek lR;Hkkek nsfo xkfjfu bfPp fookgeq pslns eqA ehjaxhdjh;oy;quq Hkk"kk;h lekt dk ,d vax gSA vkSjrksa dks gYnh] dqd a eq vkSj Qwy] vfufjA ¼i`- 768½ Qy fn;k tkrk gSA y- Hkk % dgus yxs] panu] rkacy w vkSj 'kcZr ds xkxj viZ.k djds ge 6- lzk-s Hkk % czkã.k laHkkouk veks/keqxk tfjxsuAq v/;;ue iwfrZxk fookg jpk,¡xAs vki bls Lohdkj djsAa ¼i`- 340½ psflukokfjfd uojlqfyPpsuq ¼i`- 82½ leh{kk % dY;k.kksRloksa esa ,d fnu xk¡o ds eqf[k;k ;k tehankj y- Hkk % czkã.kksa dks [kwc nf{k.kk feyhA ftu czkã.kksa us osn v/;;u ifjokj ds lkFk xk¡o ds ckgj tkrs gSa vkSj ogk¡ ls gkfFk;ksa vkSj ?kksMk+ as fd;k Fkk] mUgsa izfr O;fDr dks ,d v'kjQh nh xbZA ¼i`- 74½ ij lokj gksdj Lokeh ds eafnj ds ikl vkrs gSAa iqtkjh vkSj ea=h leh{kk % rsyx q q Hkk"kk;h lekt esa [kkldj czkã.k tkfr esa fookg ik¡p x.k mudk lknj lRdkj djrs gSAa panu] rkacy w lefiZr djrs gSAa fnuksa dk gksrk gSA pkSFks fnu lHkk dk vk;kstu gksrk gSA osnk/;;u 'kcZr ds :i esa b{kq jl ¼xqM]+ dkyh fepZ] byk;ph vkSj ikuh dk djus okys iafMrksa dks vkeaf=r djds mudk vknj lRdkj fd;k feJ.k½ nsrs gSAa bls rsyx q q esa îkoude* dgk tkrk gSA nf{k.k Hkkjr tkrk gSA osn iBu ds ckn oj o/kq dks vk”khokZn nsrs gSAa bl esa ^jke uoeh* ds fnu ;g jl izlkn ds :i esa ck¡Vrs gSAa vkt Hkh dk;ZØe dks ^lnL;eq* uke ls tkuk tkrk gSA laxhr lHkk dk rsyx q q Hkk"kkh lekt esa 'kknh ds le; ;g jLe fuHkkrs gSAa vuqokn esa vk;kstu Hkh fd;k tkrk gSA ^”kcZr* dk iz;ksx fd;k x;k gS tks ewy vFkZ Li’V djus esa vifj;kIr 7- lzk-s Hkk % vfgrkXuqyq ¼i`- ½ y- Hkk % vfgrkfXu ¼i`- 27½ leh{kk % osnk/;;u djus okyss czkã.k dbZ izdkj ds laLdkjksa dk gSA vk- fofo/k laLdkjksa ls lacfa /kr ikyu djrs gSAa tks vius ?kj esa gksekfXu cq>us ugha nsrs vkSj fnu esa 1- lzk-s Hkk % dk;Zeq ¼i`- 81½ y- Hkk % xHkkZnku ¼i`- 73½ rhu ckj gou djrs gSa mu yksxksa dks ^vfgrkXuqy*q ds uke ls tkuk leh{kk % fganw /keZ ds lHkh lektksa esa tUe ls ysdj e`R;q rd gj tkrk gSA y{; Hkk’kk ikB esa fyI;karj.k dk lgkjk fy;k x;k gSA O;fDr dks 16 laLdkjksa dks fuHkkuk iM+rk gSA muesa izFke laLdkj gS 8- lzk-s Hkk % oS”onsoeq ¼i`- 17½ y- Hkk % oS”onso ¼i`- 27½ ifr&iRuh dk izFke lekxeA rsyx q q Hkk"kk esa blds fy, ^dk;Ze*q 'kCn leh{kk % fo”o nsorkvksa dks izlUu djus ds fy, izfrfnu gkse djrs dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA rsyx q q Hkk"kk lekt esa dk;Zeq 'kCn ds fy, gSAa [kkuk idkdj mls 24 Hkkxksa esa foHkkftr djds nsorkvksa dks] lkekU; vFkZ gS dk;ZA vuqoknd us ewy esa fufgr vFkZ dks y{; Hkk’kk i'kq&if{k;ksa dks lefiZr djrs gSAa esa izkIr lVhd “kCn }kjk vfHkO;Dr fd;k gSA 9- lzk-s Hkk % lkse;kth ¼i`- 17½ y- Hkk % lkse;kth ¼i`- 27½ 2- lzk-s Hkk % ikuqiq ehnk Hkk;kZHkrZyuq dwpM qaZ csfV~V eqÙkbnqoyq ikVyq leh{kk % ;K djus okys czkã.k dks lkse;k th dgrs gSAa mldh ikfMfj-A reyikdqyq pqfV~V /kekZjkoq psrk dksfjfdafp] v#a/kfrfu iRuh dks lksfensoEek dgrs gSAa dks#defufjA vkes dks#dysn-q A ¼i`- 90½ 10- lzk-s Hkk % la/;koanukfndeqyq ¼i`-166½ y- Hkk % la/;koanu ¼i`- 111½ y- Hkk % /kekZjko vkSj v#a/krh dks lst ij fcBk;k x;kA lqgkfxuksa us leh{kk % xk;=h ea= ti djds lw;Z nso dks v?;Z iznku djus dh xhr xk,-- iku ds chM+s cukdj igys /kekZjko ds eq¡g esa fn, vkSj fof/k dks la/;koanu dgrs gSAa vkèkk chM+k dVokdj v#aèkrh dks fn;k x;kA -- v#a/krh us og vkèkk 11- lzk-s Hkk % vij dekZ ¼i`- 21½ y- Hkk % vij deZ ¼i`- 30½ leh{kk % ej.kksijkar fØ;kvksa tSls nkg laLdkj] ckjg fnu rd gksus chM+k ugha [kk;k --A ¼i`- 79½ leh{kk % rsyx q q Hkk"kk lekt esa 'kknh ds le; ;k 'kknh ds i’pkr oj okys iwtk ikB] nku] czkã.k Hkkst vkfn dks ^vij deZ* uke ls tkuk o/kq ds chp dbZ izdkj ds jkspd [ksy jpkrs gSAa nksuksa ds chp I;kj tkrk gSA vuqokn esa ikn fVIi.kh ds ek/;e ls Li’V fd;k x;k gSA dk Hkko txkus ds fy, ,d nwljs dk twBu f[kykrs gSAa ewy vkSj 12- lzk-s Hkk % "kksM’k nkueqyq ¼i`- 21½ y- Hkk % "kksM’k nku ¼i`- 30½ leh{kk % e`R;q ds mijkar ckjgosa fnu e`r O;fDr ds uke ij 16 vuqokn esa blh dk ladrs fd;k x;k gSA 3- lzk-s Hkk % e/kqidZey q q ¼i`- 82½ y- Hkk % e/kq idZ ¼i`- 74½ izdkj ds oLrqvksa dks czkã.kksa dks nku esa nsrs gSAa muesa dqN bl izdkj leh{kk % 'kknh ds jLe fjoktksa esa rsyx q q vkSj fganh Hkk"kkh lekt esa gS& a lksuk] pk¡nh] nky] pkoy] rjdkjh] iyax] rfd;k] pIiy] Nrjh] dbZ fHkUurk,¡ gSAa rsyx q q lekt esa oj] o/kq dks gYnh ikuh esa fHkxksdj xk;] xzFa k ¼Hkkxor iqjk.k ;k Hkxon~xhrk½ fry] tehu] ?kh vkfnA bls lq[kk, lQsn oL=ksa dks igukrs gSaA buds fy, fof'k"V 'kCn ‘kksM’k nku ds uke ls tkuk tkrk gSA gS&êèkqidZey q *q A y-Hkk- esa fyI;arj.k djds ikn fVIi.kh }kjk Li’V 13- lzk-s Hkk % xksnkueq ¼i`- 21½ y- Hkk % xksnku ¼i`- 30½ leh{kk % fganw lekt esa e`R;q ds mijkar xksnku fn;k tkrk gSA ekuk fd;k x;k gSA 4- lzk-s Hkk % ukxoYyh ¼i`- 946½ y- Hkk % ukx oYyh ¼i`- 449½ tkrk gS fd e`r dh vkRek ijyksd tkrs le; chp esa ygw ¼[kwu½ dh ifjys[k 'kks/k lanHkZ ¼bZif=dk½

vad&1 % tuojh] 2017

ISSN Applied

izos'kkad 79 unh oSrfj.kh ikj djuk iM+rk gSA ;fn xksnku fd;k tk, rks xk; vkt Hkh gSA csy ds iÙks] lqikjh] Qy] Qwy vkfn dks feykdj ^rkacy w * ml unh dks ikj djkrh gSA dgk tkrk gSA y{; Hkk’kk esa flQZ ^iku* 'kCn dk iz;ksx fd;k x;k 14- lzk-s Hkk % o`"kksRltZueq ¼i`- 21½ y- Hkk % o`"kksRltZuk ¼i`- 30½ gS ftlls rkacy w 'kCn esa fufgr vFkZ iwjh rjg Li"V ugha gksrkA leh{kk % e`R;q ds mijkar laiUu gksus okys laLdkjksa esa o`"kksRltZuk ,d 22- lzk-s Hkk % jaxktEek xk# ifn :ik;yq isfV~V phjk vksdfV dksfu gSA blesa o`"kHk vkSj xk; dh 'kknh djds ml o`"kHk dks xk¡o esa NksM+ ilqiq dad q eq yq] ifVdk csYyeq] dksCcfj fpIiyq rsfPp v#af/kfrfd fn;k tkrk gSA lHkh ml o`"kHk dks Hkxoku dk Lo:i ekudj iwtrs dkuqxk bPpsuAq gSAa o`"kHk xk¡o esa tgk¡ pkgs ogk¡ fopj.k djrk gS vkSj ?kkl pjrk gSA y- Hkk % jaxktEek us nl #i, dh lkM+h e¡xok;h vkSj gYnh] dqd a eq ] 15- lzk-s Hkk % ekfldeq ¼i`- 24½ y- Hkk % ekfld Jk) ¼i`- 32½ feJh rFkk ukfj;y ds lkFk v#a/krh dks HksVa dhA ¼i`- 89½ leh{kk % fdlh O;fDr dh e`R;q ds ,d lky rd gj eghuk ekfld leh{kk % ?kj esa cgw izFkeckj vkrh gS rks mldks ns[kus ds fy, Jk) laiUu fd;k tkrk gSA ftl frfFk ds fnu e`R;q gksrh gS ,d fj”rsnkj [kkyh gkFk ugha tkrsA gYnh] dqd a eq ] Qy] Qwy vkfn 'kqHk lky rd gj eghuk ml frfFk ds fnu ekfld Jk) laiUu fd;k lwpd ds :i esa HksVa djrs gSA nf{k.k Hkkjr esa vkt Hkh bldk ikyu tkrk gSA fd;k tkrk gSA 16- lzk-s Hkk % =Sif{kdeq ¼i`- 23½ y- Hkk % =Sikf{kd Jk) ¼i`- 31½ 23- lzk-s Hkk % jkes”ojequdq foLrfjyks fruqVk vyokVq ysdk Hkkstuexqojdq leh{kk % fdlh O;fDr ds e`R;q ds 45 osa fnu =Sikf{kd Jk) laiUu foLrfjvar;q ikMf;iks;us q ¼i`- 333½ fd;k tkrk gSA y- Hkk % jkes”oje~ dks iÙky ij [kkus dh vknr ugha FkhA blh ls 17- lzk-s Hkk % fir` 'ks"keq ¼i`- 166½ y- Hkk % fir` 'ks"k ¼i`- 111½ Hkkstu lekIr gksus rd iÙky vLrO;Lr gks xbZA ¼i`- 174½ leh{kk % Jk) ds fnu ?kj esa cuk, [kkus dks ^fir` 'ks"k* dgk tkrk leh{kk % nf{k.k esa ?kj ij dksbZ esgeku vk, rks iÙky ij gh [kkuk gSA ijkslrs gSAa ;g xkSjoizn ekuk tkrk gSA dsys ds iÙky dks gh 18- lzk-s Hkk % fir` ;Keq osyk Hkk;kZ vfXu rsPpqVk laHkfofpuand q q T;knkrj mi;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA vkt Hkh nf{k.k Hkkjr esa 'kknh ds èkekZjkoq larksf’kpsuq ¼i`- 166½ le; ;k fdlh vU; voljksa ij dsys ds iÙkyksa esa ijkslus dk fjokt y- Hkk % fir` Jk) ds fnu mldh iRuh dks vfXu ys vkus dk volj gSA bl miU;kl esa jkes”oje~ dHkh iÙky esa [kkuk ugha [kkrkA [kkuk feyk FkkA ¼i`- 111½ iwjk gksus rd iÙky QV tkrk gSA dqN yksxksa dks jkst iÙky esa gh leh{kk % ftl frfFk esa O;fDr dh e`R;q gksrh gS] gj lky ml frfFk [kkus dh vknr gksrh gSA dks Jk) laiUu fd;k tkrk gSA ml fnu gou ds fy, ml ?kj dh 24- lzk-s Hkk % v#a/krh foLrfj osflufn -- nwjeq uafq M vkes foLrfj ehnk cgw dks vfXu ykuh gksrh gSA uhYyq pfYy vfHk?kfjpsuq ¼i`- 156½ 19- lzk-s Hkk % deZdq rsfPpu oLrqoy q q fexqyjknq ¼i`- 21½ y- Hkk % v#a/krh us iÙky yxk;h vkSj nwj ls iÙky ij ikuh fNM+dus y- Hkk % vij deZ ds fy, vk;k gqvk lkeku cpuk ugha pkfg, ¼i`- yxhA leh{kk % [kkuk [kkus dh vknr Hkh vyx vyx jgrk gSA dqN yksx 31½ leh{kk % Jk) deZ dks v'kqHk ekuk tkrk gSA bl volj ij yk, fo”ks’k :i ls czkã.k jkst iÙky esa gh [kkrs gSAa iÙky ijksldj ikuh x, lkeku iwjk [kpZ dj ysuk gSA cp x;k rks ckgj Qsd a rs ;k ukSdjksa fNM+ddj lkQ djrs gSAa ckn esa nks rhu cw¡n ?kh fNM+drs gSAa bl dks ns nsrs gSAa ;g fjokt vkt Hkh dbZ lektksa esa fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA izfØ;k dks rsyx q q esa ^vfHk?kfjpM+*a dgrs gSAa ;g lkaL—frd “kCnkoyh 20- lzk-s Hkk % lw;uZ kjk;.kuq] jkts'o#Mquq ifV~V xfM~M osfl] pki osfl gSA [kkuk ijkslus ds ckn fQj ls ?kh Mkyus ds ckn gh [kkuk [kkrs i#aMcsfV~Vfj] ukapkjEek f'kjLlq on~n nhieq isVV~ us Aq lw;uZ kjk;.k gSAa y{; Hkk’kk esa bl 'kCn dks vuqokn ugha fd;k x;kA psfoyks ukjk;.kk] ukjk;.kk] vuqpM aq us q ¼i`- 907½ 25- lzk-s Hkk % }knf”kikj.kk ¼i`- 765½ y- Hkk % /kekZjko ds nksuksa thtkvksa us ?kkl dh lst yxkdj ml ij y- Hkk % }kn”kh dk ikj.k ¼i`- 343½ pVkbZ fcNkbZA fQj ml ij v#a/krh dks fyVk;k x;kA mlds flj leh{kk % ,dkn”kh ds fnu miokl djds }kn”kh ds fnu [kkuk [kkus ds ikl nhid j[kk x;kA dksbZ mlds dku esa ukjk;.k ukjk;.k dk dks ^}kn”khikj.kk* dgrs gSAa }kn”kh ds fnu }kn”kh frfFk ds jgrs ti djus yxkA ¼i`- 442½ le; esa gh [kkuk [kk ysrs gS]a ugha rks miokl ozr csdkj gks tkrk gSA leh{kk % ej.kklUu O;fDr dks iyax ij ls mrkjdj uhps theu ij 26- lzk-s Hkk % ,dkn”kqyq miokleqM a uq q — e#ukMq izkns n~ Uq uk czkã.kqfu ?kkl dh lst ij fyVk;k tkrk gSA iyax ij ejuk vPNk ugha fifyfpu Lo;aikdfefPp vk;uk Hkkstueq pslus fu rsyl q d q ksfu Hkqftapuq q ekursA vafre {k.kksa esa Hkxoku ukjk;.k ds uke dku esa mPpkj.k ¼i`- 218½ djrs gSa rkfd e`r vkRek dks LoxZ izkIr gksA ;g fjokt lHkh Hkk"kkbZ y- Hkk % ,dkn”kh dks miokl djrh vkSj nwljs fnu vFkkZr }kn”kh lektksa esa fdlh u fdlh :i esa fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA dks losjs czkã.kksa dks lnkozr dh lkexzh nsdj mudk Hkkstu gksus ds 21- lzk-s Hkk % v#a/krh xfnyksfd iksf; jsM a q rkacy w eqyq rsfPp nsonkfl mijkar Lo;a djrhA ¼i`- 124½ leh{kk % ,dkn”kh ds fnu miokl ozr djds }kn”kh ds fnu czkã.k psfryks mapus q ¼i`- 160½ y- Hkk % v#a/krh dejs ls nks iku ykdj nsonklh ds gkFk esa j[k fn;k dks lnkozr dh lkexzh nsrs dh jhfr gSA lnkozr dh lkexzh esa nky] ¼i`- 107½ pkoy] beyh] xqM] lkx] ?kh] rsy] ngh vkfn nsrs gSAa iqjkus tekus esa leh{kk % dksbZ yM+dh ;k lqgkfxu ?kj vk;s rks [kkyh gkFk ugha czkã.k vU; fdlh ds ;gk¡ [kkuk Lohdkj ugha djrs FksA blfy, HkstrsA Qy] Qwy] feBkbZ] diM+s dqN u dqN HksVa djus dh fjokt lnkozr dh lkexzh ysdj Lo;a [kkuk idkdj [kkrs gSAa ifjys[k 'kks/k lanHkZ ¼bZif=dk½

vad&1 % tuojh] 2017

ISSN Applied

izos'kkad

27- lzk-s Hkk % rYyh fpariaMq iPpfMrks vUueq isVV~ us q -- /kekZjkoqdq usf;ysdk lfgapysnAq ¼i`- 80½ y- Hkk % ek¡ us beyh dh pVuh ls [kkuk f[kyk;kA ij ?kh ds fcuk /keZjko ls [kk;k u x;kA ¼i`- 73½ leh{kk % beyh] [kM+h yky fefpZ] xqM] ued dks feykdj pVuh cuk;k tkrk gSA xje pkoy] ?kh ds lkFk beyh dh pVuh [kkrs gSAa ;g ikpu “kfDr dks c<+kus esa dke vkrk gSA nf{k.k esa ?kh ds fcuk cgqr yksx [kkuk ilan ugha djrsA [kku&iku dh rjg os”k&Hkw"kk Hkh gj Hkk"kk lekt dh thou 'kSyh dk vfuok;Z fgLlk gSA 28- lzk-s Hkk % fr#pw.kZeq ¼i`- 31½ y- Hkk % fr#pw.kZ ¼i`- 61½ leh{kk % gYnh vkSj pkoy feykdj filk gqvk pw.kZ ftlls oS”.ko yksx fryd yxkrs gSAa 29- lzk-s Hkk % Å/oZi.q Mªey q q ¼i`- 33½ y- Hkk % Å/oZi.q Mª ¼i`- 39½ leh{kk % og [kM+k Vhdk tks oS".ko yksx yxkrs gSAa 30- lzk-s Hkk % esMyks ukuq] dklqyis#--eksxequk ,jZuh dqd a eq k cksVV~ M aq us q ¼i`- 109½ y- Hkk % xys esa lksus dk gkj Fkk vkSj eLrd ij yky&yky dqd a eq dk fryd ¼i`- 95½ leh{kk % rsyx q q Hkk"kk;h lekt esa yM+fd;k¡ xys esa gkj]eLrd ij fryd ds fcuk cM+kas ds lkeus ugha vkrhaA mi;qDZ r m)j.k esa lqgkfxu dh os”k&Hkw’kk dk fp=.k gSA ^ukuq* oLrqr% eaxylw= gSA b- yksd fo”oklks]a ekU;rkvksa ls lacfa /kr gj Hkk"kk;h lekt esa yksd fo”okl rFkk ekU;rk,¡ fHkUu&fHkUu :iksa esa izpfyr gSAa rhrj dwduk] xk; Nhaduk] ckgj tkrs le; fcYyh lkeus vkuk vkfn dks v”kqHk ekurs gSAa 1- lzk-s Hkk % jksM a q tkeqyIiqMq vkdk”kequk ,pfV uafq M ofPpunks] rhrqoq fiV~Vk dwlus q ¼i`- 43½ y- Hkk % mlh le; ,d rhrj u tkus dgk¡ ls mM+rk gqvk vk;k vkSj dwd mBkA ¼i`- 48] 447] 181½ leh{kk % cqtx q Z yksxksa dk ekuuk gS fd v”kqHk ?kVuk ?kVus okyh gks rks rhrj dh dwd lqukbZ nsrh gSA vr% rhrj dk dwduk vi”kdqu ds :i esa ekurs gSAa ekuk tkrk gS fd fdlh u fdlh dh e`R;q gks tk,xhA 2- lzk-s Hkk % okfdfV eqna q es;p q Uq u vkoq dflfDduk rqEesuAq -- bfn ;sfe vi'kdqueq! ¼i`- 359½ y- Hkk % brus esa ckgj pjusokyh xk; dh Nhad lqu iM+h -- ;g dSlk vi'kdqu gS\ ¼i`- 188½ leh{kk % fganw lekt esa xk; dks Jhegky{eh ekudj iwtk tkrk gSA yxHkx lc vius ?kjksa esa xk; dk ikyu&iks"k.k djrs gSAa xksnku dks Js’B ekurs gSAa exj xk; dh Nhad lqus rks O;kdqy gks tkrs gSa fd dqN u dqN v”kqHk gksus okyk gSA 3- lzk-s Hkk % jkfo psVV~ q ehnk iSfMdafV nairqyq dyfl fdyfdykjkoeqyq pslus Aq /kekZjkoq] ^^ejyk] bZ 'kqHk”kdquesfe\** ¼i`- 359½ y- Hkk % ikl ds ihiy ds o`{k ij 'kdqu if{k;ksa ds ;qxy us dyjo epuk 'kq: dj fn;kA /kekZjko dgus yxk] fQj ls ;g 'kqHk D;ksa gSA ¼i`- 188½ leh{kk % 'kdqu if{k;ksa ds dyjo lquuk 'kqHk lwpd ekuk tkrk gSA 4- lzk-s Hkk % vrfufd fiYyyq dyqxVq ;q] iksoVq ;qxk mUufnA vrfu ifjys[k 'kks/k lanHkZ ¼bZif=dk½

Hkk;kZ osipsVy ~ dq iznf{k.keqy]q jkfopsVy ~ dq iznf{k.keqyq pslus Aq ¼i`499½ y- Hkk % mlds larku gksrh] ij gksrs gh ej tkrh-- mldh iRuh dbZ uhe o`{kksa vkSj ihiy ds isMk+ as dh ifjØek dj pqdh FkhA ¼i`- 220½ leh{kk % dbZ izn”s kksa esa uhe vkSj ihiy o`{kksa dks feykdj iwtk djrs gSAa bu nksuksa o`{kksa dk ,d lkFk iSnk gksuk cM+k HkkX; ekurs gSAa mu isMk+ as dh ifjØek djrs gaAS nhi tykrs gSAa fuLlarku yksx bu o`{kksa dh Mkfy;ksa ij NksV&NksVs >wys Mkydj cPpksa ds fy, eUursa ek¡xrs gSAa dqN yksx LokLF; ds fy, o`{kksa ds ewy esa nw/k Mkydj ifjØek djrs gSAa uhe vkSj ihiy ds o`{kksa ls lacfa /kr dbZ izdkj ds yksd fo”okl izpfyr gSAa 5- lzk-s Hkk % vkoqudq n`f"V rhflfjA iqfyfoLrjkdqyq fnxrqfMfp rxqy csfV~VfjA ,jZfu uhYyq rhfl iksflfjA ¼i`- 3½ y- Hkk % xk; ij nhB mrkjh xbZA twBs iÙkyksa dks xk; ij ls mrkjdj tyk fn;k x;kA ¼i`- 16½ leh{kk % ikyrw tkuoj tSls xk;] cSy] cdjh ds xys esa n`f"V nks"k gVkus ds fy, jLlh ck¡/krs gSAa ml jLlh dks ckyksa rFkk dkSfM+;ksa ls cukrs gSAa dqN txg utj mrkjus ds fy, egkoj dk ikuh ¼gYnh] pwus dk feJ.k½ mi;ksx djrs gSAa lzk-s Hkk lekt esa xk; ij nhB mrkjus ds fy, bl ikuh dk mi;ksx fd;k x;k gSA y-Hkk esa bldk vuqokn ugha fd;k x;kA twBs iÙkyksa ls nhB mrkjdj tyk nsrs gSAa vkt Hkh xk¡oksa esa ;g ekU;rk gS fd n`f"V nks’k ls xk; ;k cSy nw/k de nsrs gSa ;k ugha nsrs rks dgrs gSa fd fdlh dh utj yxh gSA dqN yksx NksVs cPpksa dk utj mrkjus ds fy, xk; ds xkscj dk mi;ksx djrs gSAa dqN yksx vjaMh rsy esa fHkxks, diM+s dks tykdj ml tyrs gq, diM+s ls utj mrkjrs gSAa 6- lzk-s Hkk % x.kkpkjh ¼i`- 1½ y- Hkk % x.kkpkjh ¼i`- 15½ leh{kk % xzkeh.k izFkk ds vuqlkj lqcez .;s”oj Lokeh dks viuk ifr ekudj vfookfgr jg tkusokyh vkSjr dks ^x.kkpkjh* dgrs gSAa yksx mls nSoh ladrs dk ek/;e ekurs gSAa xk¡o esa ?kVusokyh lHkh 'kqHk gks ;k v”kqHk ?kVukvksa ds lac/a k esa igys ls yksxksa dks psrkouh nsrh jgrh gSA 'kqHk fo"k; gks rks yky lkM+h] gkFk esa uhe dh Vguh ysdj ckgj fudyrh gSA v”kqHk fo"k; gks rks lQsn lkM+h] gkFk esa ihiy dh Vguh ysdj fudyrh gSA 7- lzk-s Hkk % jaxkjkoq xkfjfd iq=ksn;eSuIiqMq uk;Mq isnn~ k mRloeq pslus q ¼i`- 50½ y- Hkk % ftl fnu jaxkjko ds ?kj yM+dk gqvk —".keuk;Mq us ,d HkO; lekjksg dk vk;kstu fd;kA ¼i`- 51½ leh{kk % rsyx q q Hkk"kk;h leqnk; esa csVk iSnk gqvk rks mRlo eukus dk fjokt gSA 8- lzk-s Hkk % laØkafr ¼i`- 268½ y- Hkk % laØkafr ¼i`- 156½ leh{kk % vka/kz izn”s k esa euk;s tkusokys R;ksgkjksa esa ls eq[; R;ksgkj gS laØkafrA bls edj laØkafr Hkh dgrs gSAa lw;Z ckjg jkf”k;ksa esa ,d ,d eghuk xeu djrk gSA oSls edj jkf”k esa izo”s k ds fnu dks ^edj laØe.k* dgrs gSAa rfeyukMq esa bls iksx a y ds uke ls tkuk tkrk gSA ;g rhu fnu dk ioZ gSA Hkksfx] laØkafr] duqekA 9- lzk-s Hkk % xksfCcYyq ¼i`- 412½ y- Hkk % xkscj ds NksVs NksVs ykSna s ¼i`- 212½ leh{kk % edj laØkafr ds ,d eghus ds iwoZ ls ?kj dh NksVh dU;k,¡

vad&1 % tuojh] 2017

ISSN Applied

izos'kkad 81 xk; ds xkscj ls xksy ykSna s cuk dj mUgsa dqEgM+k+ ] rqjbZ Qwyksa ls j[kdj gkFk esa rkuiqjk fy, cM+s rM+ds Hkxoku dk Hktu xkrs gq, ltkdj gYnh vkSj pkoy ds pw.kZ dh jaxofYy;ksa ls vya—r vkaxu xk¡o esa fHk{kkVu djrk gS mls ft¸;j dgrs gSAa edj laØkafr ds esa j[krh gS]a ftUgsa rsyx q q esa ^xksfCcYyq* dgrs gSAa xksfCcYyq dk vFkZ gS igys ds rhl fnuksa dks /kuqekZl dgrs gSAa flQZ /kuqekZl esa gh ft¸;j ^xksih cksEeyq* ;kuh xksfi;k¡A viuh lgsfy;ksa ds lkFk ^xksCcsEek xhr* fHk{kkVu djrk gSA Hkh xkrs gSAa 12- lzk-s Hkk % uwyiq ksxq oafV pan# q udq uwyiq ksxq os;nq efu pwpus q ¼i`- 20½ 10- lzk-s Hkk % Hkksxh ¼i`- 269½ y- Hkk % Hkksxh ¼i`- 156½ y- Hkk % 'kkL=h th us lwr dh HksVa p<+kuh pkghA ¼i`- 29½ leh{kk % vka/kz esa euk;s tkusokys ize[q k R;ksgkj gS laØkafrA laØkafr leh{kk % nwt ds pk¡n dk n”kZu djrs le; vius vax oL= ls lwr rhu fnu dk ioZ gSA izFke fnu dks ^Hkksxh* dgrs gSAa ^Hkksxh* dk vFkZ fudkydj p<+kus dh izFkk gSA gS Hkksx HkkX;ksa ls le`) jgukA Hkksxh ds fnu cM+s rM+ds mBdj vH;ax mÙkj vkSj nf{k.k Hkkjr esa yksxksa ds jgu&lgu jhfr&fjokt] Luku djrs gSAa csdkj phtksa dks tyk nsrs gSAa ^xksCcsEeyq* dks lq[kkdj vkpkj&O;ogkjksa esa varj gSA [kk| inkFkksZa es]a Hkkstu djus rFkk djkus cuk;s miyksa dks jLlh esa xw¡Fkdj ml vfXu esa Mkyrs gSAa 'kke dks dh i)fr;ksa esa Hkh varj fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA mi;qDZ r foospu ls ;g NksVs cPpksa dks ^^Hkksfx iaMy ~ *w ¼csj ds Qy] Qwy vkSj #i, ds flDdksa Li’V gksrk gS fd ewy esa fufgr lkaL—frd “kCnksa ,oa vfHkO;fDr;ksa dks feykdj½ Mkyrs gSAa ekurs gSa fd blls cPpksa dk utj mrj dks y{; Hkk’kk esa vuqokn djrs le; izk;% fyI;arj.k dk lgkjk tkrk gSA nkeknksa dks migkj nsrs gSAa fy;k x;k gSA lkFk gh ewy Hkko dks ;FkklaHko lqjf{kr j[kk x;k gSA 11- lzk-s Hkk % lkrkfu ft¸;# ¼i`- 412½ y- Hkk % ft¸;j ¼i`- 211½ ikn fVIif.k;ksa ds ek/;e ls vFkZ dks Li’V fd;k x;k gSA leh{kk % oS".ko HkDr tks flj ij dqEgM+s dh vk—fr dk rkezik=

miU;kldkj ds :i esa MkWnso's k Bkdqj & isfjds >kalh y{ehckbZ O;fDr dk fodkl lekt dh izxfr ds lanHkZ esa ukik tkrk gS vkSj lekt dh izxfr dk ys[kk&tks[kk lkfgR; esa izfrfcafcr gksrk vk;k gSA orZeku ;qx esa euq"; thou dk lexz foospu djus okyh l{ke ,oa leFkZ fo/kk gS miU;klA blh dkj.k miU;kl dks x| dk egkdkO; dgk tkrk gS tks lokZf/kd l'kDr vkSj yksdfiz; fo/kk gSA fganh lkfgR; esa miU;kl fo/kk dks izes pan us lEekutud Å¡pkbZ ij inklhu djok;kA izes panksÙkj ;qxhu miU;klksa ds dF; esa foLrkj vk;k gSA ifjos'k ds izfr tkx`r miU;kldkjksa us e/;oxZ dh egkuxjh; i`"BHkwfe dks vk/kkj cukdj vkS|ksxhdj.k ds c<+rs pj.kksa ls fodflr uxjks]a egkuxjksa ds fodkl rFkk fo—fr;ksa dks mn~?kkfVr fd;k gSA buesa HkhM+] e'khu] n¶rj] fgalk] dVqrk] izes ] mPN`[a kyrk] 'kks"k.k] csdkjh] csjkstxkjh] xaqMkxnhZ] Hkz"Vkpkj] fonzkgs vkfn dks ;FkkFkZ <ax ls mn~?kkfVr fd;k gSA ,sls gh egkuxjh; thou dh >kadh izLrqr djus okys ize[q k miU;kldkjksa esa nso's k Bkdqj dk uke vknj ds lkFk fy;k tkrk gSA nso's k Bkdqj vk/kqfud fganh lkfgR; ds yC/k&izfrf"Br vè;kid] lqfo[;kr] izxfr'khy jpukdkj vkSj ew/kZU; leh{kd gSAa mUgksua s lkfgR; dh fofHkUu fo/kkvksa esa viuh ys[kuh pykdj vkèkqfud fganh lkfgR; dks xfjekeafMr fd;k gSA dkO;] dFkk] leh{kk] fuca/k] miU;kl vkfn fo/kkvksa esa lQyrk ds lkFk fy[krs gq, Hkh mUgksua s miU;kldkj ds :i esa [;kfr izkIr dh gSA nso's k Bkdqj Li"Vokfnrk ds dkj.k fo[;kr gSAa muds miU;klksa esa e/;oxZ dh foMacukvksa dk [kqydj fp=.k n`f"Vxkspj gksrk gSA ;Fkk& HkzeHkax ¼1975½ % HkzeHkax fuEue/;oxhZ; ;qod dh ikfjokfjd&lkekftd =klfn;ksa dk nLrkost gSA vius vfLrRo dks cuk, j[kus vkSj ifjokj dks vius lkFk ys pyus ds ladYi esa vkbZ vM+puks]a vlqfoèkkvksa vkSj voekuukvksa dh ;g la?k"kZ xkFkk vR;aRk lgt vkSj izHkkoh 'kSyh ifjys[k 'kks/k lanHkZ ¼bZif=dk½

esa izLrqr dh xbZ gSA bl miU;kl dk dFkkuk;d ,d bZekunkj ftEesnkj vkSj vkn'kZoknh ;qod panu gSA mls vius ifjokj ls yxko gSA fookg djrs le; Hkh bl ckr dk /;ku j[krk gS fd mldh iRuh ukSdjhis'kk gksA ifjokj dh vkfFkZd fLFkfr u fcxM+s mlds fy, og viuk ifjokj fu;kstu Hkh djrk gSA fQj Hkh tc mls vius yksxksa ls dsoy mis{kk] vfo'okl vkSj voekuuk gh izkIr gksrh gS] rc mu lac/a kksa vkSj fj'rksa dh lPpkbZ ds lac/a k esa lafnX/k gks tkrk gS] ftuds fy, og vc rd vius vkidks [kikrk jgkA lacaèkksa ds csekuhiu ij lksprs&lksprs og ftl urhts ij igq¡prk gS] og mlh ds 'kCnksa esa fdruk Hk;kog vkSj fdruk rh[kk gS& ^^Ekk¡ vkSj cfgu ds fj'rsA dSlk [kwu\ dSlk I;kj\ ;s rks xSx a hz u gS] ftank jguk gS rks budks 'kjhj ls dkV dj Qsd a nsuk gksxkA**1 bl fcanq ij igq¡pdj og viuh lkjh eè;oxhZ; ekufldrk dks dqpy nsrk gS rFkk e/;oxhZ; laLdkjksa ds ca/ku dks rksM+ nsrk gSA reke e`r lac/a kksa ds vkn'kksaZ ls og eqDr gks tkrk gSA thou dh lPpkbZ dh Loh—fr ds fy, mldk fonzkgs h eu bl HkzeHkax dks vko';d Hkh ekurk gSA og dgrk gS& ^^viusiu ds Hkze VwVrs gh gSAa mUgas VwVuk gh gksrk gS fd okLrfodrk cuh jgs] lPpkbZ thoar gksA**2 fiz; 'kcue ¼1978½ % ;g ^i= 'kSyh* esa fy[kk x;k nso's k Bkdqj dk nwljk miU;kl gSA oxZ&Hksn izes dh euksn'kk esa Hkh dSlh xzfa Fk;k¡ Mky nsrk gS] ;gh bl miU;kl dk ewy dF; gSA fuEue/;oxZ dk ;qod ckSf)d n`f"V ls laiUu gks tkus ij Hkh dqBa kvksa ls eqDr ugha gks ikrkA mldk vrhr mls lnk vius ukxik'k esa tdM+s jgrk gSA mlds eè;oxhZ; laLdkj mls dksbZ Økafrdkjh dne ugha mBkus nsrAs ys[kd us bl miU;kl dk uk;d eaxy ds ek/;e ls e/;oxhZ; ;FkkFkZ xkFkk dk o.kZu fd;k gSA miU;kl dk uk;d eaxy fuEu e/;oxhZ; ifjos'k ls Åij mBrs&mBrs cacbZ ds ,d dkWyt s esa izk/;kid fu;qDr gks tkrk gSA og ,d vfHktkR; ;qorh 'kcue ls izes djus yxrk gSA 'kcue Hkh mlls izes djrh gSA vius laLdkjksa dh nwjh dks feVkus es]a nksuksa pfj= fdu ck/kkvksa ds chp esa ikrs gSa vkSj vius iz;klksa esa D;ksa lQy ugha gks ikrs&blh dh O;k[;k gesa n`f"Vxkspj gksrk gSA3 dk¡p?kj ¼1981½ % MkW- nso's k Bkdqj —r ^dk¡p?kj* ,d izk;ksfxd

vad&1 % tuojh] 2017

ISSN Applied

izos'kkad 82 miU;kl gS ftlesa fofHkUu estksa ds lgkjs lekt ds mPpe/;oxZ dh tuxkFkk ¼1986½ % ^tuxkFkk* ekDlZoknh fopkj/kkjk ls izHkkfor gSA oSpkfjdrk dks Li"V fd;k x;k gSA ys[kd us cacbZ ds fdlh jsLVªk¡ dk miU;kl ^tuxkFkk* ds dFkkud esa miU;kldkj us 'kdqu dh dFkk ds ekgkSy fpf=r fd;k gSA bl jsLVªk¡ esa estksa dh nks drkjsa gSAa bu estksa ek/;e ls nq%[kokn ds izfr viuh n`f"V dks Li"V fd;k gSA 'kdqu ij cSBs rjg&rjg ds yksxksa ds chp gksus okys laoknksa dks gh miU;kl dSl a j dh ejht gS rFkk og e`R;q ls la?k"kZ dj jgh gSA MkW- nso's k dk :i ns fn;k x;k gSA ;g fganh dk igyk miU;kl gS] tks “kq: Bkdqj ekurs gSa fd O;fDr vius nq%[kksa ls [kqn la?k"kZ djrk gS] mls ls var rd laoknksa esa fy[kk x;k gSA dk¡p?kj dh estas egkuxjh; ck¡Vk ugha tk ldrkA7 lH;rk dk izfrfuf/kRo djrh gSa ftlesa lHkh ekuoh; fj'rs vius vFkZ xq#dqy ¼1990½ % xq#dqy esa nso's k Bkdqj us vius izk/;kidh; thou [kks pqds gSAa 4 ds vuqHkoksa dks lkoZtuhu ifjos'k fn;k gS vkSj vkt ds v/;;u viuk&viuk vkdk vkdk''k ¼1986½ % MkW- nso's k Bkdqj us ^viuk&viuk fojksèkh] xqVckth] Hkz"V rFkk tksM& + rksM+ dh VqPph jktuhfr pykus vkdk'k* miU;kl ds ek/;e ls O;fDrRo ds fodkl esa larku ds fy, okys v/;kid oxZ dh iksy [kksyh gSA8 lPps izes ] Lusg vkSj lPph fpark dh vko';drk dks js[kkafdr fd;k 'kwU; ls ff''k[kj rd % MkW- nso's k Bkdqj dk ;g miU;kl O;fDroknh gSA ekrk&firk dk Lusg ugha fey ikus ds dkj.k ^fiz;k* dk O;fDrRo jpukdkj ds 'kwU; ls f'k[kj rd igq¡pus esa vk, fofHkUu iM+koksa dh vareq[Z kh rFkk laons u'khy gks tkrk gSA5 bl miU;kl ds 'kh"kZd dFkk gSA ys[kd us vkpk;Z lnkuan vkSj oS'kkyh ukjk;.k ds ek/;e viuk&viuk vkdk'k ds ek/;e ls miU;kldkj us n'kkZ;k gS fd gj ls ukjh psruk ,oa Lora=rk ds izlx a dks cM+h dq'kyrk ls O;Dr O;fDRk rFkk oxZ ds vius&vius vkdk'k gksrs gS]a ftls ikus ds fy, fd;k gSA9 yksx vyx&vyx ek/;e dk iz;ksx djrs gSAa tSls izdk'k us viuh varr% ¼1991½ % nso's k Bkdqj dk miU;kl ,d furkar fHkUu Hkwfedk eafty rd igq¡pus ds fy, fiz;k dks jkg cukuk pkgk gS] D;ksfa d fiz;k ij L=h&iq#"k lacaèkksa dh laf'y"Vrk dks fo'ysf"kr djrs gq, vR;ar le`)] lanq j rFkk bTtrnkj gSA izdk'k tkurk gS fd fiz;k ds lkFk la;e vkSj lko/kkuh ds lkFk L=h vkSj iq#"k ds ijLij lac/a k vkSj og vklkuh ls dyk dh Å¡pkbZ;ksa rd igq¡p ldrk gSA mldh vko';drk dks :ikf;r djrk gSA10 blhfy, ¼1978½ % MkW- nso's k Bkdqj dk miU;kl ^blhfy,* laiUu&n`f"V bl izdkj ge ;g ns[krs gSa fd MkW- nso's k Bkdqj us fofHkUu miU;klksa rFkk jpukRed dF; okyk miU;kl gSA ifjfLFkfr;ksa rFkk Hkkoqdrk esa e/;oxhZ; thou dh >kadh IkzLrqr dh gSA O;fDr dks thou dh vusd lq[k&lqfoèkk,¡ miyC/k jgus ds ckotwn lanHkZ j] HkzeHkax] i`- 187 [kqf'k;k¡ ugha ns ikrh] D;ksfa d miU;kldkj dh n`f"V esa lqfo/kk dk vFkZ 1-2- MkWMkW-- nsnsooss''kk Bkdq Bkdqj] HkzeHkax] i`- 203 Bkdqj] fiz; 'kcue] i`- 76 lq[k ugha gSA lqfo/kk,¡ vDlj HkkSfrd gksrh gS]a tcfd lq[k dk lacèa k 3-4- MkWMkW-- nsnsoos's'kk Bkdq j] vYifojke] i`- 156 5- MkW- nsos'k Bkdqj] viuk&viuk vkdk'k] i`- 40 O;fDr dh ekufld fLFkfr ls gSA ,slh fLFkfr ls futkr ikus ds fy, 6- MkW- nsos'k Bkdqj] blhfy,] i`- 133 j] vYifojke] i`- 160 vxj O;fDr viuh n`f"V dks O;kid cuk ysa vkSj vxj vius vkidks 7-8- MkWMkW-- nsnsooss''kk Bkdq Bkdqj] vYifojke] i`- 161 i`- 161 lekt ds ,d fo'kky tulewg ls tksM+ ysa rks thou dks jkg fey 9-10-MkWMkW- -nsnsoos'ks'kBkdqBkdqj]j]vYifojke] vYifojke] i`- 158 6 tkrh gSA fujFkZd thou esa Hkh lkFkZdrk vk tkrh gSA

Q.kh”ojukFk ^js.kq* dk jktuhfrd fparu & ek/kqjh frokjh Q.kh”ojukFk ^js.kq* dk tUe 14 ekpZ] 1921 dks vkSjkgh fgaxuk uked xk¡o] ftyk iwf.kZ;k fcgkj esa gqvkA js.kq ds miU;klksa esa neu vkSj 'kks"k.k ds fo#) vkthou la?k"kZ eq[kfjr gS pw¡fd js.kq dk tUe xqyke Hkkjr esa gqvk vkSj toku Hkh xqyke Hkkjr esa gq,A tSlk fd ge lHkh tkurs gSa fd ckY;koLFkk dh ?kVuk,¡] ;qokoLFkk dh ?kVuk,¡ fdlh Hkh O;fDr ds O;fDrRo fuekZ.k djus esa lgk;d gksrh gSAa ;g ckr Li"V djuk blfy, t:jh gS D;ksfa d js.kq dk tUe Hkh vHkkoksa esa gqvk rFkk jktuhfr esa lfØ; fgLlsnkjh jgh vkSj mUgksua s 1942 ds Hkkjrh; Lokèkhurk&laxkz e esa ,d ize[q k lsukuh dh Hkwfedk Hkh fuHkkbZA blds lkFk gh vkidk lu~ 1950 esa usikyh turk dks jk.kk'kkgh ds neu vkSj vR;kpkjksa ls eqfDr fnykus ds fy, ogk¡ dh l'kL= Økafr vkSj jktuhfr esa lfØ; ;ksxnku jgkA blds ckn jktuhfr dh vis{kk lkfgR;&l`tu dh vksj vfèkdkf/kd >qdko jgk gS ftldk lcls cM+k mnkgj.k 1954 esa cgqpfpZr miU;kl ^eSyk vk¡py* dk izdk'kuA ifjys[k 'kks/k lanHkZ ¼bZif=dk½

oSls rks Lokra«;iwoZ ls ysdj Lokra«;ksÙkj dky rd dh jktuhfr dk Lo:i gekjs lkeus mUgkaus s vius miU;klksa ds ek/;e ls mtkxj fd;k gSA êSyk vk¡py* fganh dk Js"B vkSj l'kDr vk¡pfyd miU;kl gSA êSyk vk¡py* esa js.kq th us usiky dh lhek ls lVs mÙkj&iwohZ fcgkj ds ,d fiNM+s xzkeh.k vapy dks i`"BHkwfe cukdj blesa ogk¡ ds thou dk] ftlls og Lo;a Hkh ?kfu"B :i ls tqMs+ gq, Fks] vR;ar thoar vkSj eq[kj fp=.k fd;k gSA ,d mnkgj.k ns[ks& a ^^vki rks yhMj gh gks x,A rks vkt dy dkaxl sz vkfQl dk pkSdk&crZu dkSu djrk gS\** gjxkSjh vpkud mcy iM+kA ^^vjs HkkbZ] lHkh dk'kh pys tkvksx\s iÙky pkVus ds fy, Hkh rks dqN yksx jg tkvksA tsy D;k x,] iafMr tekfgjyky gks x,A dkaxl sz vkfQl esa HkksyfV;jh djrs Fks] vc va/kksa esa dkuk cudj ;gk¡ yhMjh Nk¡Vus vk;k gSA Lo;alos d u ?kksMk+ dk nqe!**1 êSyk vk¡py*esa ,d ;qok MkWDVj gS tks viuh f'k{kk iwjh djus ds ckn ,d fiNM+s xk¡o dks vius dk;Z&{ks= ds :i esa pqurk gS] rFkk blh Øe esa xzkeh.k thou ds fiNM+is u] nq%[k&nSU;] vHkko] vKku] vaèkfo'okl ds lkFk&lkFk rjg&rjg ds lkekftd 'kks"k.k&pØksa esa Q¡lh gqbZ turk dh ihM+kvksa vkSj la?k"kksZa ls Hkh mldk lk{kkRdkj gksrk gSA dFkk dk var bl vk'kke; ladrs ds lkFk gksrk gS fd ;qxksa ls lksbZ gqbZ xzke&psruk rsth ls tkx jgh gSA dFkkf'kYih js.kq th ds miU;klksa esa

vad&1 % tuojh] 2017

ISSN Applied

izos'kkad

xzkeh.k vapy dh /ofu;ksa vkSj /kwlj ySM a LdsIl ls laiUu ;g miU;kl fganh dFkk&txr esa fiNys dbZ n”kdksa ls ,d Dykfld jpuk ds :i esa LFkkfir gSA js.kq th us vius bl miU;kl esa vius jktuhfrd fopkjksa dks c[kwch O;Dr fd;k gSA blds lkFk gh jktuhfr dk vkarfjd ;FkkFkZ rFkk ckgjh vkSipkfjdrk dks Hkh mtkxj fd;k gSA js.kq th dk nwljk miU;kl gS ^ijrh ifjdFkk*A tSlk fd miU;kl ds uke ls fofnr gksrk gS ;g ,sls xzkeh.k vapy dh dgkuh gS tgk¡ dh Hkwfe ck<+ rFkk vdky nksuksa ls gh izHkkfor gSA lkFk gh lkFk tgk¡ fdlku dkslh unh rFkk dkslh dh lgk;d ufn;ksa ds ck<+ ls ihfM+r gSa rFkk nksgjh ekj tehankjh :ih egkekjh ls fdlku xzflr gSA ysfdu js.kq th us cM+h prqjkbZ ls rkfd ikBd Åcs u bl dkj.k miU;kl ds uk;d dks isez esa fj>kus dh Hkjiwj ps"Vk dh gSA js.kq th ds ^ijrh ifjdFkk* esa fdlkuksa dk fonzkgs ] tehankjh izFkk mUewyu ds ckn tks fo—r tehankjh izFkk dk tUe gqvk mls Hkh ,d xaHkhj leL;k ds :i esa mtkxj fd;k gS ftldh tM+as orZeku le; esa Hkh c<+rh gh tk jgh gSAa ^^---fganLq rku esa laHkor% lcls igys iwf.kZ;k ftys ij gh ySM a losZ vkijs'ku dk iz;ksx fd;k x;kA ftys ds tehankjksa vkSj jktkvksa dh tehankfj;ksa dk fouk'k vo'; gqvkA fdar]q fganLq rku ds lcls cM+s fdlku ;gha fuokl djrs gSAa --- xq#calh ckcw tehankj ugha] fdlku gSAa nl gtkj ch?ks tehu gS] nks&nks gokbZ tgkt j[krs gSAa iangz gtkj ch?ks tehu gS] Ms<+ ntZu VªDs Vj j[krs gSAa ij ;g ckr Hkh lPph gS fd os tehankj ughaA**2 ;g mnkgj.k fdruk izR;{k gSA gekjs xk¡oksa esa u rks fdlkuksa ds ikl tehu gS vkSj fdlku gh vaèkfo'okl] tkfrokn] 'kks"k.k tSlh dqjhfr;ksa ls Hkh xzflr gSA xk¡o dh jktuhfr] iapk;rh jktuhfr] iw¡thifr;ksa dh jktuhfr ds lkFk cM+s jktuSfrd nyksa dh jktuhfr dh ekj ls 'kksf"kr Hkh xjhc fdlku gksrk gSA js.kq th us tks fodV leL;k dk vkdyu Lokra«;iwoZ dky esa yxk fy;k Fkk og vkt orZeku le; esa Qy&Qwy jgh gSA ^nh?kZrik* ,d ,slk miU;kl gS ftlesa ;g n”kkZ;k x;k gS fd vkt ds ;qx esa tgk¡ Hkz"Vkpkj dk cksyckyk gks] pfj=ghurk ijkdk"Bk ij gks] vius vkSj ijk, dk Hkko&cks/k tM+ tek, cSBk gks] pkjksa vksj ^gk; iSlk] gk; iSlk* dh vQjk&rQjh eph gks] ,sls ekgkSy esa 'kkafriwod Z thou clj dj ikuk fdlh pqukSrh ls de ughaA bl miU;kl dh ukf;dk csyk xqIr tks lgt thou thuk pkgrh gS dbZ gknlksa ds ckotwn og ugha VwVrh cfYd vius drZO; iFk ij vxzlj jgrh gSA ysfdu vkt --\ js.kq th us tgk¡ ukjh dk csyk xqIr ds ek/;e ls vkn'kZ :i izLrqr fd;k gS ogha T;ksRLuk vkuan ds ek/;e ls prqj] v/ksM+ mez esa Hkh okluk esa fyIr] ‘kM;a=dkjh] LokFkhZ Nfo Hkh gekjs lEeq[k izdV fd;k gSA ysfdu ,sls dqfVy] pfj=ghu ‘kM;a=dkjh jktuhfr ds pØO;wg esa Qaldj csyk xqIr VwV tkrh gSA bZekunkjh] dk;Z ds izfr fu"Bk mlds fy, vc csbekuh gks pqdh gSA tSls lkjh phtksa ij ls mldk eksgHkax gks x;k gks! vkSj ;gh otg gS fd nwljksa ds vijk/kksa dks Lohdkj dj tsy&thou viuk ysrh gSA js.kq th us csyk xqIr ds ek/;e ls lai.w kZ Hkkjrh; ukxfjdksa ls iz'u fd;k gS& ^^;gh gS rqEgkjh vktknh] ;gh gS rqEgkjs lektoknh lekt dh :ijs[kk\ --- lPpkbZ uked xq.k euq"; ds ân; ls /khjs&/khjs yksi gks jgk gSA --- LokFkZ flf) ds fy, vkneh fdlh Hkh 'krZ ij viuh vkRek dks csp ldrk gSA --- tgk¡ thou esa dksbZ voyac ugha] vk/kkj ugha] fo'okl ughaA pkjksa vksj O;FkZrk dk jkt --A**3 ifjys[k 'kks/k lanHkZ ¼bZif=dk½

^nh?kZrik* miU;kl esa ys[kd us ohesl a osyQs;j dh vkM esa efgykvksa ds ekSu mRihM+u dks mtkxj fd;k gS ogha ljdkjh oLrqvksa dh ywV&[klksV ij ls inkZ gVk;k gSA tgk¡ ,d vksj js.kq th us êfgyk ;kSu mRihM+u* ds fofHkUu vkn'kZoknh] dY;k.kdkjh laLFkkvksa ls inkZ gVk;k gS ogha ihfM+r efgykvksa ds fy, miU;kl ds var esa csyk xqIr ds ek/;e ls isjz .kknk;d lq>ko Hkh fn;k gSA^^dqN ,sls pfj= gksrs gSa tks izk.k izfr"Bk ikrs gh vius fljtugkj ds c¡/ks&c¡/kk, fu;e&dkuwu] uhfr vFkok ^Qkewy Z *s dks rksMd + j ckgj fudy vkrs gSa vkSj vius thou dks vius eu ds eqrkfcd x<+us yxrs gSAa muds vanj ftanxh dks ckj&ckj rksM+ dj x<+us ds fy, vxkèk Lusg dh lathouh /kkjk lnSo cgrh jgrh gS&iq.;k -- ifo=k --- iq.;e;h - ikigjk --- èkkjk!!**4 îYVw ckcw jksM* esa ubZ&ubZ dFkkHkwfe;ksa dh [kkst djus okys js.kq th ,d dLcs dks viuh dFkk dk vk/kkj cukrs gSAa lekt ds dBksj ,di{kh; fu;e] va/kfo'okl] :f<+okn] gzklksUeq[k lekt dks js.kq th ys[kdh; <ax ls ij[krs gSAa js.kq th us bl miU;kl esa vius xk¡o bykds dks NksMd + j cSjxkNh dLcs dks dFkkHkwfe cukrs gSAa bl dLcs dk lcls lEekuuh; ekus tkus okys îYVw ckcw* bl xk¡o dh fu;fr gSA xk¡o ds yksx iYVw ckcw ds Hkhrjh eu dks ugha tkurs tcfd ys[kd us dkb;k¡] dkeqd o`) gksus lkFk Hkh xk¡o dk Hkfo"; buds gkFk esa fn;k gSA mlus dLcs ds fy, ,slh jkg fufeZr dh gS ftl ij jktuhfrK] Bsdns kj] O;kikjh] odhy ¼iwjs dLcs ds yksx½ gh py jgs gSAa ;g lc ns[kdj ,slk izrhr gksrk gS ekuks lkjs dLcsoklh 'krjat ds eksgjs gSa vkSj iYVw ckcw buds lapkydA bl miU;kl dk y{; mPpoxZ ds varfoZjks/kks]a mldh fxjkoV] jktuhfr vkSj vkfFkZd lacaèkksa esa ;kSu&O;kikj vkfn dk inkZQk”k djuk gSA fuEuoxZ fNViqV vk;k gSA vkn”kZoknh ik= foMacuk ls f?kjs gSAa js.kq th vius gj miU;kl ds fy, ,d ubZ dFkkHkwfe dh [kkst djrs gSAa ^fdrus pkSjkgs* y?kq miU;kl gSA vktknh ds fy, la?k"kZ djus vkSj cfynku nsus okys ;qodksa dks dsna z esa j[kdj fy[kk x;k gS] rkfd vkt ds fd'kksjksa esa ns'kisez ] lsok] R;kx vkfn vkn'kksZa dk izpkj gks ldsA bl miU;kl esa eueksgu o fiz;ksnk ds ek/;e ls ;g crk;k x;k gS fd ;qok ih<+h dks ns'k ds fy, O;fDrxr lq[k&nq%[k] LokFkZ&eksg ls Åij mBuk pkfg,A ns'k ds fy, thus ejus okyksa ds ekuoh;] laons u'khy :i dks mHkkjrk gS ;g miU;kl ^êueksgu vHkh bèkj&mèkj ugha ns[ksxkA lh/kk pyrk tk,xkA fdlh pkSjkgs ij eqMx s+ k ugha&u 5 nk,a] u ck,¡--\** lquhy egjkt us eueksgu ls dgk] ^^vkneh dh lsok ugha] Hkxoku dh lsok djus tk jgk gSA ;kn j[kukA**6 ^êueksgu dh M~;Vw h -- 1934] 15 twu( HkwdEi ls ihfM+r vLriky esa yxhA gj v/ksM+ ds psgjs ij og vius ckcw th ds eq[kM+s dh Nk;k ns[krk gSA lHkh ?kk;y] chekj vkSjrsa mldh ek¡ gSa -- fdruh iq"ih] uhyw] xquh th] 'kjcfr;k nhnh] fiz;ksnk -- fdrus&fdrus --- vkg! ph[k&iqdkj ---!**7 ^^1936 -- nks gh o"kksZa ds ckn eueksgu dh ckr QSy xbZA mlus gsMekLVj lkgc ls dgk Fkk] lj] ge pqjkdj dqN ugha djsx a As ftl fnu >aMk Qgjkuk gksxk] [kqys vke] fof/kiwod Z gh >aMk Qgjk,¡xAs **8 ^^mUgsa bl ckr dk larks"k Fkk fd nq'euksa ds rhu&rhu VSd a ksa dk lQk;k mUgksua s dj fn;k gSA os ykSVas vius vM~Ms dh vksj] fdarq foeku esa foLQksV gqvkA vkSj] ,d gh îzk.k* dh gkfu gqbZ vkSj ml ,d îzk.k* dks lHkh eueksgu dgrs FksA vc mudh yk'k mudh tUeHkwfe ij --A**9 bl miU;kl ds o`Ùkkar esa ys[kd us futh thou

vad&1 % tuojh] 2017

ISSN Applied

izos'kkad 84 dh dbZ ?kVukvksa dks la;ksftr fd;k gS tks dFkk ds uk;d rFkk dFkk D;ksa u vyx gksA js.kq th us vius miU;kl ^iYVw ckcw jksM*+ esa tgk¡ dks vke yksxksa ls tksMr+ h gSA fctyh n~okjk ;g dgyok;k fd ,d gh ?kj ds lnL; vyx&vyx bl izdkj js.kq th ds lHkh miU;klksa dk fo'ys"k.k djus ij ;g ckr ikfV;ksaZ ds vxj lnL; curs gsa rks blesa cqjkbZ D;k gS D;ksfa d gj mHkj dj vkrh gS fd js.kq th us Lokra«;iwoZ tks jktuhfr dk ;FkkFkZ] ikVhZ vkSj ikVhZ dk lnL; ns'klsok ds fy, ikVhZ ls tqMr+ k gS( ogha uSfrd iru] Hkz"Vkpkj mtkxj fd;k Fkk vkt og jktuhfr dk eueksgu tSls fd”kksj ds ek/;e ls fd'kksjksa esa ns'kHkfDr dk jkx Hkjk vfHkUu vax cu pqdk gS ,d iz[kj lkfgR;dkj dh iSuh utj mls gSA bl izdkj js.kq th ds miU;klksa dks i<+dj lekIr djus rd orZeku fLFkfr dk vkdyu dj Hkfo"; nz"Vk cuk nsrh gSA tSls ikBd vusd pfj=ks]a ?kVuk izlx a ks]a laoknksa vkSj o.kZu 'kSyh ds Lokra«;iwoZ ^foesl a osyQs;j* dh vkM esa efgykvksa dk ;kSu mRihM+u peRdkjksa ls bruk lkehI; vuqHko djus yxrk gS fd muls fcNqMu+ k vkt ns'k dh xaHkhj leL;k cu pqdk gS ogha js.kq th us T;ksRLuk ,d ckj mlds ân; esa vo”; dld iSnk djrk gSA vkuan tSlh ^v/ksM+ dkeqd* efgykvksa dks mudk drZO; cksèk djkus ds lanHkZ Q.kh'ojukFk js.kq] eSyk vk¡py] i`- 21 fy, gh mUgsa 'kfDr nh gSA ysfdu vkt pfj=ghurk T;ksRLuk vkuan 1-2- Q.kh'ojukFk js.kq] ijrh ifjdFkk] i`- 27 Q.kh'ojukFk js.kq] nh?kZrik] i`- 140 dh rjg QS'ku cu x;k gSA ogha vkt dqN ;qok ih<+h jktuhfr dks 3-4- Q.kh'ojukFk js.kq] nh?kZrik] i`- vkoj.k js.kq] fdrus pkSjkgs] i`- 135 dhpM+ ekudj jktuhfr ls nwj Hkkxrh gS tcfd js.kq th us lkQ&lkQ 5-6- Q.kh'ojukFk Q.kh'ojukFk js.kq] fdrus pkSjkgs] i`- 102 js.kq] fdrus pkSjkgs] i`- 112 'kCnksa esa ;qok ih<+h dks ns'kHkfDr djus rFkk jktuhfr vkSj jktuhfrd 7-8- Q.kh'ojukFk Q.kh'ojukFk js.kq] fdrus pkSjkgs] i`- 112 9- Q.kh'ojukFk js.kq] fdrus pkSjkgs] i`- 112 ikVhZ dk iz;kstu ns'k lsok crk;k gS& pkgs gj ikVhZ ds fl)kar gh

fganh miU;klksa esa f”k{kk txr dk ;FkkFkZ : ^jkx njckjh* dk fo”ks"k lanHkZ & izHkk dqekjh Hkkjr esa f'k{kk dh ijaijk cgqr izkphu gS] bruh izkphu fd mldk izkjaHk fdrus o"kZ iwoZ gqvk] vkt ;g fuf'pr :i ls crk lduk 'kk;n laHko gh ugha gSA fo'o lkfgR; esa osn izkphure xaFz k gSAa 1 bl izdkj oSfnd laL—fr fo”o dh izkphure laL—fr gSA ;tqonZs esa dgk gS] ^lk izFkek laL—frfoZ”ookjk*& ;g fo”o dh izFke laL—fr gSA eksgutksnMks] gM+Iik rFkk vU; LFkkuksa esa [kqnkbZ ls fla/kq ?kkVh lH;rk dk tks :i izdk'k esa vk;k gS] mlds lac/a k esa vHkh ;g iwjh rjg fuf'pr ugha gks ik;k gS fd og oSfnd ;qx dh gh gS] ;k mlls igys@ckn dhA mls dqN fo}ku oSfnd ;qx ls igys dk ekurs gSa vkSj dqN oSfnd ;qx dk gh ekudj mls vk;Z lH;rk ekurs gSAa oLrqfLFkfr tks Hkh gks] gekjs ns'k esa f'k{kk dh ijaijk fu%langs izkphu gSA gekjk ns'k Kku xq# jgk gSA bl lac/a k esa MkW- VkWel ds ;s 'kCn /;ku nsus ;ksX; gS]a ^^Hkkjr esa f'k{kk dksbZ ubZ ckr ugha gSAa lalkj dk dksbZ ns'k ,slk ugha gS tgk¡ Kku ds isez dk mn~xe bruk izkphu gks vFkok mldk izHkko bruk fpjLFkk;h vkSj 'kfDr'kkyh gksA**2 Kku dk ;g fpjLFkk;h vkSj 'kfDr'kkyh izHkko vkt rd ekStnw gS] ;|fi ml f'k{kk dk :i vkSj pfj= cnys gtkjksa o"kZ gks x, gSAa blfy, izkphu f'k{kk rFkk mldh fodkl ;k=k dk ifjp; izkIr dj ysuk gekjs fy, mi;ksxh gksxkA oSfnd f'k{kk dk fooj.k osnksa esa rFkk oSfnd lkfgR; esa feyrk gSA ^^oSfnd ;qx ls ysdj vkt rd Hkkjr esa f'k{kk dk ewy rkRi;Z ;g jgk gS &f'k{kk] izdk'k dk og lzkrs gS tks thou ds fofHkUu {ks=ksa esa gekjk lPpk iFkizn'kZu djrh gSA**3 oSfnd dky esa f'k{kk ds eq[; mn~n's ; ,oa vkn'kZ Fks&/kkfeZd Hkkouk dk fodkl] pfj= fuekZ.k] O;fDrRo dk fodkl] lkekftd drZO;ksa ij cy] laL— ifjys[k 'kks/k lanHkZ ¼bZif=dk½

fr dk laj{k.k ,oa lao/kZu vkfnA egkRek xkSre cq) ds tUe ds le; oSfnd /keZ dk cgqr iru gks pqdk Fkk] /kkfeZd Hkkouk u"V gks pqdh Fkh] /keZ ds uke ij ckg~; vkMacj 'ks"k cps Fks] ;Kksa ds uke ij fgalk dh tkrh Fkh] f'k{kk ds }kj lcds fy, [kqys ugha jg x, Fks rFkk o.kZ&O;oLFkk deZ.kk ds LFkku ij tUeuk gks xbZ FkhA mu fo"ke ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa xkSre cq) us tks mik; crk,] mUgsa ckS) f'k{kk dgk x;kA ckS) f'k{kk ds mn~n's ; Hkh oSfnd f'k{kk ds leku gh FksA oSfnd ;qx esa ^;K* laL—fr ds dsna z Fks] mlh izdkj ckS);qx esa ^la?k* f'k{kk vkSj fo|k ds dsna z FksA ckS) dky esa eBks]a fogkjksa o fo'ofo|ky;ksa esa Hkh f'k{kk nh tkrh FkhA ckS) dky esa dqN fo'ofo|ky; cgqr izfl) gq, fTkuesas f'k{kk ysus ds fy, fo|kFkhZ fons'k¨a ls Hkh vkrs FksA ¸¨ fo'ofo|ky; gSa & r{kf'kyk % vk/kqfud jkoyfiaMh ¼ikfdLrku½ ds ikl ;g uxj FkkA oSfnd f'k{kk ds ckn ;g ckS) f'k{kk dk Hkh ize[q k dsna z FkkA laL—r ds izfl) oS;kdj.k ikf.kfu rFkk izfl) oS| thod ;gha dh mit FksA vkpk;Z pk.kD; dh mPp f'k{kk ;gha gqbZ FkhA4 ukyank % vk/kqfud iVuk ds fudV ;g ckS) f'k{kk dsna z FkkA v'kksd us ;gk¡ fogkj cuok;k FkkA xqIr lezkVksa us eB cuok,A ;s eB gh fo'ofo|ky; ds ize[q k vax FksA ;g ckS)èkeZ dh ^egk;ku 'kk[kk* dk ize[q k dsna z FkkA ;gk¡ ,d fo'kky ukS eaftyk iqLrdky; FkkA5 oyHkh % dkfB;kokM esa ;g izfl) ckS) f”k{kk dsna z FkkA ^ghu;ku 'kk[kk* dk ;g ize[q k dsna z FkkA ex/k % foØef'kyk] vksnra iqjh] fefFkyk] caxky esa ufn;k ¼uo}hi½] txn~nyk] oSfnd f'k{kk ds vkSj ckn esa ckS) f'k{kk ds Hkh izfl) dsna z jgsA6 vkBoha 'krh esa Hkkjr ij eqlyekuksa ds vkØe.k gksus yxs FksA ckjgoha “krh ds var esa eqgEen xksjh us Hkkjr ds if'peksÙkj Hkkx ij vkØe.k fd;k rFkk eqgEen xksjh ls ysdj eqxy lkezkT; ds vafre 'kkld cgknqj 'kkg t+Qj+ rd] vFkkZr yxHkx 500 o"kksZa rd Hkkjr ds fofHkUu Hkkxksa ij eqlyekuksa dk 'kklu jgkA bu vkØe.kdkfj;ksa us rRdkyhu f'k{kk dsna kz as dks u"V fd;kA blls izkphu Hkkjrh; f'k{kk dh ijaijk u"V rks ugha gks ldh] ij [kafMr vo”; gks xbZA èkeZ dk izpkj gj eqlyeku dk drZO; ekuk x;k gSA vr% eqfLye 'kkldksa us

vad&1 % tuojh] 2017

ISSN Applied

izos'kkad

bLykeh f'k{kk dks bLyke /keZ ds izpkj dk lk/ku cuk;kA vk/kqfud Hkkjrh; f'k{kk dk chtkjksi.k ;wjksih; fe'kufj;ksa }kjk fd;k x;kA bl izdkj mUgsa Hkkjr esa ,d uohu f'k{kk iz.kkyh ykus vkSj vkèkqfud f'k{kk&i)fr ds izorZd gksus dk lEeku izkIr gSA7 bl lanHkZ esa izk-s ,-,u- clq dk dFku gS fd ^^;g eq[;r% fe'kufj;ksa dk gh ifj.kke Fkk fd 19oha 'krkCnh ds izkjafHkd o"kksZa us bl ns'k esa f'k{kk dh ,d uohu i)fr dk vkfoHkkZo ns[kkA**8 fe'kujh dky esa ,d iw.kZr;k uohu f'k{kkO;oLFkk dk izkjaHk fd;k x;k Fkk] tks vaxt sz h ekè;e }kjk iznku dh tkrh FkhA ik'pkR; Kku ,oa foKku dk iw.kZ :i ls izlkj djuk gh bl uohu f'k{kk O;oLFkk dk eq[; mn~n's ; FkkA eSdkys ds ?kks"k.kki= ds i'pkr Hkkjrh; f'k{kk esa rhoz fodkl gksus yxkA izkP;&ik'pkR; fookn Hkh [kRe gks x;kA vaxt sz h dks f'k{kk dk ek/;e cukdj ik'pkR; Kku ds }kj ges'kk ds fy, Hkkjrokfl;ksa ds fy, [kksy fn, x,A blh ik'pkR; Kku ls Hkkjrh;ksa esa jktuSfrd tkx`fr vkbZA Qyr% mUgksua s Hkh jktuSfrd la?k"kZ vkjaHk fd;k vkSj ns'k dks eqfDr fnykbZA Hkkjr esa Lora=rk ds i'pkr fo'ofo|ky; rFkk mlds fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh la[;k esa fujarj rhozrk ls o`f) gks jgh FkhA ysfdu lHkh fo'ofo|ky; fczfV'k dkyhu f'k{kk ls izHkkfor FksA ;s uo Lora= ns'k dh rkRdkfyd jktuSfrd rFkk lkekftd vko';drkvksa dh iwfrZ djus esa vleFkZ FksA vr% f”k{kk iz.kkyh ds Hkkjrh;dj.k dh pqukSfr vkt Hkh cuh gqbZ gSA fganh lkfgR; txr esa miU;kldkjksa }kjk ftu fo"k;ksa dks eq[; :i ls mBk;k x;k gS] muesa f'k{kk foe”kZ rks yxHkx ux.; gh gSA blds ckotwn dqN miU;kldkjksa us viuh jpukvksa ds ek/;e ls f'k{kk txr ds ;FkkFkZ dks ize[q krk ds lkFk of.kZr fd;k gSA tSl]s Q.kh”ojukFk js.kq dk ^nh?kZrik* uked y?kq miU;kl lu~ 1964 esa izdkf'kr gqvkA bl miU;kl dk dFkk{ks= fcgkj jkT; dh jkt/kkuh] iVuk dk ,d ofdZx a foesl a Nk=kokl gSA miU;kl esa bl izdkj ds Nk=koklksa ds vanj iuius okys Hkz"Vkpkj] fL=;ksa ds dke 'kks"k.k vkfn dk fp=.k fd;k x;k gSA nq’;ar dqekj dk miU;kl ^NksV& s NksVs loky* 1964 bZ- esa izdkf'kr gqvkA bUgksua s bLk miU;kl eas dkWyt s ksa esa iui jgs Hkz"Vkpkj] vfu;ferrk] dkWyt s ksa esa vuq'kklughurk tSlh leL;kvksa dk fp=.k fd;k gSA f'k{k.k laLFkkvksa ds uke ij ns'k esa pyus okys ?k`f.kr O;olk; vkSj bl O;olk; dks pykus okys lsB] lkgwdkjksa vkSj mUgha ds tSls vU; O;fDr;ksa dh f?kukSuh gjdrksa dk fp=.k gh bl miU;kl esa miU;kldkj dk eq[; y{; jgk gSA dk'khukFk flag dk miU;kl ^viuk ekspkZ* 1972 bZ- esa izdkf'kr gqvkA lanfHkZr miU;kl dh i`"BHkwfe dk'kh fganw fo'ofo|ky; ifjlj esa O;kIr vO;oLFkk ls lacfa /kr gSA ;g miU;kl eq[;r% Nk= vkanksyu dks fo"k; cukdj fy[kk x;k gSA lkrosa n'kd esa fofHkUu dkj.kksa ls iSnk gq, Nk= vlarks"k vkSj ^v¡xjsth gVkvks* vkanksyu ls mÙkj Hkkjr dk 'kSf{kd ifjlj {kqC/k vkSj v'kkar gks x;k FkkA miU;kl esa Nk= leL;kvksa dks bZekunkjh ls mHkkjk x;k gSA ân;s”k ds miU;kl ^lkaM* dk izdk'ku lu~ 1981 bZ- esa gqvkA bl miU;kl esa mÙkj izn's k dh dLckbZ f'k{k.k laLFkkvksa esa O;kIr Hkz"Vkpkj dk vadu fd;k x;k gSA blesa ys[kd us fn[kk;k gS fd v/;kidksa dks dsoy 150 #i, ru[okg nh tkrh gS ysfdu gLrk{kj 225 #i, ij fy, tkrs gSAa ,d v/;kid tc blds fojks/k esa vkokt mBkrk gS rks ifjys[k 'kks/k lanHkZ ¼bZif=dk½

mldh lsokvksa dks lekIr dj fn;k tkrk gSA fxfjjkt fd'kksj dk miU;kl ^ifjf'k"V* lu~ 1984 esa izdkf'kr gqvkA rduhdh f'k{k.k laLFkkuksa ds ;kaf=d] vekuoh; vkSj vkj{k.k fojks/kh ifjos'k esa nfyr oxZ ds Nk=ksa ds vjekuksa vkSj liuksa dh fdl izdkj gR;k dj nh tkrh gS] blh dk ekfeZd fp=.k bl miU;kl esa gqvk gSA ^^vuqlfw pr dksbZ tkfr ugha ekufldrk gS ftls vfHktkr oxZ nwljs ij <dsy nsrk gS vkSj og vuqlfw pr gks tkrk gSA**9 nso's k Bkdqj dk miU;kl ^xq#dqy* lu~ 1989 bZ- esa izdkf'kr gqvkA miU;kl esa bUgksua s cacbZ dh f'k{k.k laLFkkvksa esa O;kIr vkfFkZd&uSfrd Hkz"Vkpkj] dkWyt s ksa ds izc/a ku esa lsBksa ds uktk;t gLr{ksi] f'k{kdksa vkSj vf/kdkfj;ksa dh xqVcanh vkSj ‘kM;a=] v/;kidksa ds izfr vfèkdkfj;ksa dh lkft”k vkSj /kk¡/kyh] O;oLFkk ds izfr Nk=ksa esa vlarks’k] v/;kidksa dh ?kqVuHkjh ftanxh rFkk 'kSf{kd {ks= esa gksus okys voewY;u dk foLrkj ds lkFk vadu fd;k gSA viuh lÙkk ds en esa pwj vksNy s ky uked ik= dh uhprk dk ;g mnkgj.k n`"VO; gS&^^vkius ns[kk] 'khrka'kq dks nl lky rd fjlpZ xkbM ugha gksus fn;k geusA vHkh rd mls ,e-,- rks D;k ch-,- dh ,Dtkfeujf'ki Hkh ugha nhA ,e-,dh Vhfpax ikap lky rd jksd yhA --- fy[krk jgs fdrkcs]a c<+krk jgs viuh isij DokfyfQds'kuA**10 cEcbZ gks ;k ns'k dk dksbZ Hkh fgLlk] lHkh txg dh fLFkfr yxHkx leku gSA jkenj'k feJ ds miU;kl ^vkfne jkx* esa ,d v/;kid dh NViVkgV dk o.kZu gS] tks vius ?kj ls Hkkxdj iRuh ls NqVdkjk ikus ds fy, vius vki dks f'k{kk {ks= esa lefiZr djuk pkgrk gSA 'khy xqtjkr ds ,d dkWyt s esa ysDpjj cuk gSA mldh bPNk gS fd og Nk=ksa dks vPNh rjg i<+k,A og dM+h esgur djrk gS ysfdu Nk= mls dqN ugha le>rs gSAa og ugha le> ikrk fd Nk= D;k pkgrs gSAa og lc dqN NksMd + j Hkkx tkuk pkgrk gSA rc mls ,d Nk=k jhrk }kjk ekywe gksrk gS fd izkjaHk esa Nk= lHkh v/;kidksa dks ijs'kku djrs gSAa 1974 esa f'koizlkn flag dk miU;kl ^xyh vkxs eqMr+ h gS* izdkf'kr gqvkA ^xyh vkxs eqMr+ h gS* dk dsna hz ; fo"k; ;qok vkØks”k gSA f'koizlkn th us ^uqDdM+ lHkk* ¼miU;kl dh Hkwfedk½ esa Bhd gh dgk gS fd ^;qok vkØks”k iwjs ;qok lekt esa QSyh oLrq gS*] og dsoy ^Nk= vlarks"k ;k Nk= v'kakfr* ugha gS] ^;qok ,d 'kfDr gS*] ^Hkfo"; dks eksMu+ s dk dk;Z bUgha gkFkksa laiUu gksxk*A ^;qok vkØks”k* ls tqMs+ bl cks/k dks f'koizlkn flag us dk'kh fganw fo'ofo|ky; ifjlj ds lanHkZ esa izLrqr fd;k gSA jkgh eklwe jt+k dk miU;kl ^Vksih 'kqDyk* lu~ 1969 bZ- esa izdkf'kr gqvkA bl miU;kl esa fgan& w eqfLye lac/a kksa dk ekfeZd :i ls fp=.k fd;k x;k gSA bl miU;kl esa fgan& w eqfLye lac/a kksa dh leL;k dks mlds lgh lanHkZ esa ns[kus vkSj fpf=r djus dk ,d lkgliw.kZ iz;kl gSA Hkkjr tSls yksdrkaf=d ns'k esa Ldwy iz'kklu ;k izc/a ku ra= dks tura= ds vkn'kksZa ,oa ewY;ksa ij vk/kkfjr gksuk pkfg,A ijarq bl miU;kl esa izc/a ku ra= Eksa vUksd [kkfe;ka ns[kUks dks feYkrh gSAa TkSl& s f'k{kk ra= esa Hkz"VkpkjA f'k{kk txr esa pkjksa vksj O;kIr Hkz"Vkpkj ds dkj.k f'k{kk esa okLrfod ewY;ksa dh deh gSA gj Lrj ij Hkz"Vkpkj gSA izR;sd {ks= esa O;fDr vius drZO;ksa dk fuokZg ugha djrk gSA og vius dk;Z ls th pqjkrk gS] ;Fkk& ^^fizfa liy lkgc vc vkxs c<+ x, rks DydZ cksyk] ^^Bsdns kj lkgc dks Hkh dkWfyt&desVh dk esEcj cuok yhft,A dke vk,¡xAs ** fiafz liy lkgc lksprs jgsA DydZ us

vad&1 % tuojh] 2017

ISSN Applied

izos'kkad

dgk] ^^pkj lky igys dh rkjh[k esa laj{kd okyh jlhn dkV nsx a As 11 izc/a kd desVh esa Hkh budk gksuk t+:jh gSA rc Bhd jgsxk*A** fo|ky; esa ,d Hkou fuekZ.k dk;Z py jgk gS] ogk¡ Bsdns kj ckrks& a ckrksa esa fizfa liy dks crkrk gS fd etnwj dke gh ugha djrsA iwjs fnuHkj buds ihNs iqdkjuk iM+rk gS rc dgha dke djrs gSAa fizfa liy Hkh blh ckr dk leFkZu djrk gS vkSj dgrk gS] gekjs dkWfyt esa Hkh vè;kid ,slk gh djrs gSa vFkkZr~ v/;kiu dk;Z ls th pqjkus dh dksf'k'k djrs gSAa Jhyky “kqDy us ^jkx njckjh* esa ;g Hkh izfrikfnr fd;k gS fd orZeku Hkkjrh; yksdra= O;oLFkk vius vki esa ,d egRoiw.kZ vkSj fo'o esa lcls cM+h O;oLFkk gSA bldk vkt Hkkjr o"kZ esa l{ke vkSj le`) yksxksa vkSj ifjokjksa }kjk tks etkd cuk;k tkrk gS] og vius vki esa ,d nq[kn vkSj nqHkkZX;iw.kZ gSA njckjh laL—fr] izc/a ku ra= dh rkuk'kkgh] vkfFkZd Hkz"Vkpkj] izc/a ku lfefr ds pquko esa Hkqtcy dk iz;ksx] iz'kklfud Hkz"Vkpkj] yksdra= vkSj U;k; O;oLFkk dk e[kkSy vkfn ges ;gk¡ gj rjQ ns[kUks dks feyrk gSA f'k{kk tM+ ugha vfirq ,d psru rFkk LosfPNr f}eq[kh izfØ;k gSA bl n`f"V ls f'k{kk ds fy, nks O;fDr;ksa dk gksuk ije vko';d gS&,d f'k{kd vkSj nwljk f'k{kkFkhZ vFkkZr ckydA f'k{kd ds dqN vkn'kZ] ewY; rFkk fo'okl gksrs gaS vkSj ckyd bu lcls izHkkfor gksrk gSA ^jkx njckjh* esa ;g fn[kk;k Xk;k gS fd fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds Hkfo"; ds ckjs esa muds ekul esa dksbZ fpark ugha gksrh gSA bl lca/k esa ,d m)j.k n`"VO; gS&^^FkksMh+ nsj esa ,d Hkyk&lk fn[kus okyk ukStoku vkrk gqvk ut+j vk;kA fiafz liy lkgc us mls nwj ls ns[krs gh fpYykdj dgk] ^HkkbZ] ekyoh;] ;g Dykl Hkh ns[k ysukA *ekyoh; ut+nhd vkdj NIij dk ,d ck¡l idM+dj [kM+k gks x;k vkSj cksyk] ^,d gh ihfj;M esa nks Dykl dSls ys ldw¡xk\*--- fizfa liy lkgc us vkokt+ rst+ djds dgk] ^T+;knk dkuwu u Nk¡Vks] tc ls rqe [kUuk ds lkFk mBus&cSBus yxs gks] rqEgsa gj dke esa fnD+dr ekywe gksrh gSA *ekyoh; fizfa liy lkgc dk eq¡g ns[krk jg x;kA DydZ us dgk] ^ljdkjh cl okyk fglkc yxkvks ekyoh;A ,d cl fcxM+ tkrh gS rks lc lokfj;k¡ ihNs vkusokyh nwljh cl esa cSBk nh tkrh gSAa bu yM+dksa dks Hkh oSls gh vius ntZ+s esa ys tkdj cSBk yksA* mlus cgqr ehBh vkokt+ esa dgk] îj ;g rks uok¡ nt+kZ gSA eSa ogk¡ lkrosa dks i<+k jgk gw¡*A**12 fizfa liy ekyoh; ¼v/;kid½ ls nwljh d{kk dks laHkkyus dh ckr dgrk gS rks ekyoh; tokc esa dgrk gS&,d le; esa nks d{kk dSls i<+kÅ¡\ fizfa liy iwokZxgz ls xzflr gS blfy, bls vius fojks/kh [kUuk dk izHkko ekudj ekyoh; ij vkjksi yxkus yxrk gSA oLrqr% fizfa liy vkSj [kUuk nks foijhr xqVksa esa gSA bl xqVcanh dk f'k{kk ij tks izHkko iM+rk gS og DydZ ds dFku ls O;aftr gS fd v/;kid daMDVj vkSj Nk= lokjh ds leku cudj jg tkrs gSAa Hk;Hkhr v/;kid izc/a k ra= ls blfy, Mjs jgrs gSa D;ksfa d dHkh Hkh mudh ukSdjh Nhuh tk ldrh gSA ;Fkk& ^^[kUuk th vkSj ekyoh; th] eSa vkSjksa ls ugha dgrk] dsoy vkils dg jgk gw¡A vkidks bLrhQ+k nsuk gksxkA** mudh ckr dkVrs gq, [kUuk us dgk] ^îj ---A** ^ûgha**] n;kyqrk ds lkFk] ij et+crw h ls mUgksua s nksgjk;k] ^ûgha] eSa igys gh dg pqdk gw¡] vkt dsoy eSa cksy¡x w kA rks] eSa dg jgk Fkk] vkidks bLrhQ+k nsuk gksxkA vkt vkSj vHkh] ;gha vkSj blh oDr! vkidks ifjys[k 'kks/k lanHkZ ¼bZif=dk½

bLrhQ+k nsuk gksxkA**13 oS|th [kUuk th o ekyoh; th dk ekLVj in ls bLrhQ+k ekaxrs gSAa ;gk¡ O;aftr gS fd vè;kid izc/a ku ra= ds gkFkksa c¡/ks gq, gSAa os Lora= dqN dj ugha ldrs flok; vkns'k dk ikyu djus dsA ;gk¡ dkWyt s izc/a ku lfefr ds v/;{k oS| th dqN lquuk ugha pkgrs vkSj nksuksa v/;kidksa dks funsZ'k nsrs gSa fd rqedks bLrhQk nsuk gh gksxkA bl ls Li"V gS fd vf/kdka'k f'k{k.k laLFkkuksa esa blh izdkj dk uokch Qjeku fudyrk gS ftlds ckjs esa dqN Li"Vhdj.k ugha lquk tkrk flQZ gqDe dh rkehy gksrh gSA vr% v/;kidksa dh fLFkfr cM+h Hk;kud vkSj =kliw.kZ gks tkrh gSA f'k{kk O;oLFkk ds rhu ize[q k vaxks& a izc/a ku] v/;kid vkSj Nk= esa Nk= lcls ize[q k gSA Nk= ;k fo|kFkhZ dks gh fdlh f'k{kk O;oLFkk dk ukfHkd gksuk pkfg, rFkk 'ks"k iwjh O;oLFkk mlh ds gsrq gksuh pkfg,A Jhyky 'kqDy us foosP; miU;kl ^jkx njckjh* esa ledkyhu Hkkjr dh f'k{kk O;oLFkk dh nqn'Z kk dk vadu djrs gq, ;g n”kkZ;k gS fd fo|kFkhZ vkSj fo|ky; Hkh izcèa ku&ra= vkSj f'k{k.k&ra= dh rjg vuqÙkjnkf;Roiw.kZ ,oa iznfw "kr gks pqds gSAa ^jkx njckjh* dh lkjh f'k{kk lac/a kh xfrfof/k;ksa dk dsna z ,d fo|ky; gSA ijarq bl fo|ky; esa fo|k ds okrkoj.k dk furkar vHkko gSA fo|ky; ukxfjdksa dh fuekZ.k'kkyk gSA ;gk¡ mYys[kuh; gS fd fo|ky; Hkou lac/a kh ekudksa ds vuqlkj fo|ky; dk viuk iDdk Hkou gksuk pkfg,A izR;sd d{kk ds fy, vyx d{k gksus pkfg,A 'kkSpky;] fo|qr] ikuh dh O;oLFkk gksuh pkfg,A iqLrdky; gksuk pkfg,A QuhZpj dh mÙke O;oLFkk gksuh pkfg,A bu ekudksa ds fglkc ls ns[ksa rks ^jkx njckjh* esa of.kZr f'koikyxat dk dkWyt s bl dlkSVh ij [kjk mrjuk rks nwj bUgsa Nw Hkh ugha ikrk gSA dkWyt s Hkou ds uke ij lkeqnkf;d Hkou] jsyos dk ,d dejk vkfn gSA eSnku ds uke ij [kkyh iM+h Ålj t+ehu] ftl ij dqN txg —f"k foKku ladk; ds iz;ksx esa vkrh gSA vr% Hkou ds uke ij [kkukiwfrZ ek= gSA ,sls fo|ky; ds fo|kFkhZ f'kf{kr gksdj Hkh] f'k{kk dk okLrfod :i xzg.k ugha dj ikrsA f'koikyxat dk ;g fo|ky; orZeku esa Hkh Hkkjrh; f'k{kk esa ljdkjh fo|ky; Hkouksa dh n'kk dk c;ku djrk gSA vktknh ds brus n'kdksa ckn Hkh ;g n'kk cgqr T;knk ifjofrZr ugha gks ikbZ gSA u gh fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh lksp esa vf/kd ifjorZu vk;k gSA orZeku esa 'kks/kdk;Z ds izfr mis{kkiw.kZ joS;k viuk;k tkrk gSA jaxukFk bl fLFkfr dh f'kdkj gS&^^jaxukFk us f'k"Vkpkj dh bl dksf'k'k dks eqLdjkdj c<+kok fn;kA Mªkboj us dgk] ^f'kfjeku th] vktdy D;k dj jgs gS\a ** ^^?kkl [kksn jgk gw¡A** ^^Mªkboj g¡lkA nq?kZVuko'k ,d nl lky dk uax&/kM+x a yM+dk Vªd ls fcYdqy gh cp x;kA cpdj og ,d iqfy;k ds lgkjs fNidyh&lk fxj iM+kA Mªkboj blls izHkkfor ugha gqvkA ,fDlysVj nckdj g¡lrs&g¡lrs cksyk] ^D;k ckr dgh gS! t+jk [kqyklk le>k,A** ^^dgk rks] ?kkl [kksn jgk gw¡A blh dks vaxt zs h esa fjlpZ dgrs gSAa ijlky ,e-,- fd;k FkkA bl lky ls fjlpZ 'kq: dh gSA**14 ;gk¡ eq[; Hkwfedk esa mifLFkr jaxukFk uked ik= dk o.kZu gS] tks 'kks/k Nk= gSA mlds ekè;e ls ;gk¡ Hkkjrh; mPp f'k{kk ds izfr 'kksèkkfFkZ;ksa dh euksn'kk dk o.kZu fd;k x;k gSA Hkkjrh; f'k{kk O;oLFkk dh laf{kIr fodkl ;k=k ds v/;;u ds

vad&1 % tuojh] 2017

ISSN Applied

izos'kkad

i'pkr ;g dgk tk ldrk gS fd fofHkUu ;kstukvksa vkSj lfefr;ksa }kjk fn, x, lq>koksa dks fu"i{k :i ls vxj ykxw fd;k tkrk rks] orZeku Hkkjrh; f'k{kk dk psgjk fHkUu gksrkA orZeku f'k{kk esa fxjrs ewY;ksa dks ns[kdj yxrk gS fd f'k{kk dk okLrfod :i lekt ds lkeus ugha vk ik jgk gSA f'k{kk orZeku esa flQZ jkstx + kj dk tfj;k ek= gSA f'k{kk ds ewY; [kRe gks pqds gSAa miU;kl ^jkx njckjh* esa f'k{kk ds bl :i dks ns[kk tk ldrk gS&^orZeku f'k{kk&i)fr jkLrs esa iM+h dqfr;k gS] ftls dksbZ Hkh ykr ekj ldrk gSA* vFkkZr bl dFku ls Hkh Li"V gksrk gS fd orZeku Hkkjrh; f'k{kk i)fr dk dksbZ okLrfod egRo ugha jg x;k gSA Jhyky 'kqDy dk miU;kl ^jkx njckjh* lu~ 1968 esa izdkf'kr gqvkA Hkkjr dh Lora=rk ds i'pkr~ ls vkt rd yxHkx 68 o"kksZa esa f'k{kk esa ek=kRed o`f) rks vo'; gks ikbZ gS] ijarq f'k{kk esa vxj xq.kkRed o`f) dh ckr dh tk, rks 'kk;n ifj.kke gesa os ugha fey ik, gS]a ftudh gesa vis{kk FkhaA f'k{kk orZeku esa ,d O;olk; cu x;k gSA ,d ,slk O;olk; ftlls izR;{k esa rks izn"w k.k gksrk fn[kkbZ ugha nsrk] ijarq bl O;oLFkk ls lkekftd ewY;ksa esa ,slk izn"w k.k gks jgk gS ftls jksduk cgqr vko';d gSA vr% ;g Li"V gS fd orZeku Hkkjrh; f'k{kk O;oLFkk esa vkewypwy ifjorZu dh vko';drk gS ftlls Hkkjrh; f'k{kk esa vius izkphu uSfrd ewY;ksa dks iqu% yk;k tk, vkSj Hkkjro"kZ iqu% Kku xq# cu ldsA lkfgR; txr esa jpukdkjksa }kjk fofHkUu lkekftd foe'kksZa ij ckr dh xbZ gSA eq[; :i ls L=h foe”kZ] nfyr foe”kZ vkfn fo"k;ksa ij [kwc jpuk,¡ dh xbZ gSAa ijarq lekt dk og fo"k; ;k foe”kZ ftlls

lai.w kZ O;fDr txr dh rLohj dks lai.w kZ :i ls cnyk tk ldrk gS] og gS ^f'k{kk&foe”kZ*A ekuo txr esa xq.kkRed f'k{kk gh og gfFk;kj gS] ftlls jk"Vª ds vFkZ'kkL= o jktuhfr'kkL= dks Hkh ldkjkRed :i ls cnyk tk ldrk gSA fganh ds dqN miU;kldkjksa dk /;ku bl vksj x;k gS tSls Q.kh'ojukFk js.kq us nh?kZrik] nq";ar dqekj us NksV& s NksVs loky] dk'khukFk flag us viuk ekspkZ] ân;s'k us lkaM] fxfjjkt fd'kksj us ifjf'k"V] nso's k Bkdqj us xq#dqy] f'koizlkn flag us xyh vkxs eqMr+ h gS] jkenj'k feJ us vkfne jkx] xksfoan feJ us yky ihyh tehu vkSj jkgh eklwe jt+k us Vksih 'kqDyk esa f'k{kk foe”kZ dks eq[; LFkku fn;k gSA buesa Jhyky 'kqDy —r miU;kl ^jkx njckjh* ¼1968½ dk f'k{kk txr ds ;FkkFkZ fp=.k dh n`f"V ls foospu] fo'ys"k.k djus ls ;g fu"d’kZ lkeus vk;k gS fd miU;kldkj Jhyky 'kqDy us bl —fr esa f'k{kk txr ds izc/a ku ra=] f'k{k.k ra=] fon~;kFkhZ vkSj fon~;ky; tSls ize[q k vaxksa ls tqMh+ okLrfodrkvksa dk f'koikyxat ds Naxkey baVj dkWyt s ds cgkus xgu O;aX;kRed fp=.k fd;k gS vkSj n'kkZ;k gS fd Hkkjrh; f'k{kk O;oLFkk dh n'kk jkLrs dh dqfr;k tSlh xbZ chrh gks xbZ gSA lanHkZ

Jhyky 'kqDy ds miU;kl ^lwuh ?kkVh dk lwjt* esa xzkeh.k lanHkZ

foo'k gSA jkenkl ds lkFk vusd ik= miU;kl esa xzkeh.k lanHkksZa vkSj leL;kvksa dks izfrfcafcr djrs gSAa vr% jkenkl vius xk¡o dh lwuh ?kkVh esa mxus okyk ,slk lwjt gS tks Lo;a vius varn~onaZ o~ dh rki ls ty jgk gSA miU;kl esa tkfr&ik¡fr dk Hksn tks xk¡oksa dh dej rksMu+ s okys ize[q k dkjdksa esa gS] mldk fp=.k cM+h xaHkhjrk o jkspdrk ds feJ.k ds lkFk fd;k x;k gSA ;gk¡ rd fd xzkeh.k ikB”kkyk :ih eafnj Hkh bl vLi`“;rk ls vNwrs ugha gSAa ;Fkk] cPpksa esa >xM+s dk dkj.k Hkh tkfrxr Hksn Hkko gS&,d dgrk&^^vjs pejok us esjs Åij xqByh Fkwd nhA blds nk¡r rksM+ nw¡xkA**2 og xk¡o tgk¡ dh 'kjkQ+r vkSj lH; vkpj.k ds xq.kxku fd, tkrs gS]a ogk¡ dk cPpk&cPpk NksVh tkfr;ksa ds izfr vius eu esa t+gj Hkjs gq, gSAa miU;kl esa n”kkZ;k x;k gS fd fdl izdkj xzkeh.k ikB”kkykvksa esa fuEuoxZ ds ckykdksa dks 'kkjhfjd o ekufld izrkM+uk >syuh iM+rh gS&^^rc dqN ckeu vkSj Bkdqjksa ds yM+ds gjhjke dks idM+ ysrAs og pekj dk yM+dk FkkA ,d canj ds cPps dh Hkk¡fr og fpfp;kus yxrkA mldh vk¡[kksa dks gk¡Fkksa ls can djds nwljs yM+ds mlds flj ij pirsa ekjrs vkSj gj pir ij dgrs& ^^nks ds nks** ^^nks nwus pkj** ^^nks fr;k¡ NgA**3 Jhyky 'kqDy dh loksiZ fj fo'ks"krk ;gh gS fd mUgksua s xzkeh.k ifjos'k dh l`f"V viuh jpukvksa esa djrs le; fdlh izdkj dh —f=erk dk lgkjk ugha fy;kA gk¡] muds xzkeh.k ik=ksa dh Hkk"kk dks NksMd + jA

& jkecnu flag ;kno ^^vks 'kgj dh HkhM+ vc eq>dks {kek nks] ykSVdj eSa xk¡o tkuk pkgrk gw]¡ xk¡o dh og /kwy tks Hkwyh ugha gS] fQj mls ekFks yxkuk pkgrk gw¡A**1 jke vorkj R;kxh dh ;s iafDr;k¡ Jhyky 'kqDy ds miU;kl ^lwuh ?kkVh dk lwjt* ds ewy dsna hz ; Hkko dks O;Dr djrh gSAa bl miU;kl dk uk;d jkenkl gSA og fuEuoxZ ls gSA fuEuoxZ ls gksrs gq, Hkh og viuh f'k{kk ds fy, vFkd la?k"kZ djrk gSA f'k{kk ds {ks= esa vusd miyfC/k;k¡ izkIr djrk gSA bl Øe esa mls vusd izdkj dh ;krukvksa dk lkeuk djuk iM+rk gS] viuh f”k{kk ds nkSjku vkSj cknA mls vusd dVq vuqHko gksrs gSAa vusd ckj mlds lius fc[kjrs gS(a vkLFkk ij pksV iM+rh gS] ;gk¡ rd fd og ftl f”k{kd ds ;gk¡ i<+rk gS os Hkh mldk Je 'kks"k.k djrs gSAa og fnu Hkj dM+h esgur dj ?kj dk dke lekIr dj nks cts nksigj ds ckn gh ikB”kkyk tk ikrk gSA vr% jkenkl miU;kl dk ,d ,slk ik= gS tks xjhch] ykpkjh vkSj 'kks"k.k ls vius orZeku lekt dks mckjus esa ifjys[k 'kks/k lanHkZ ¼bZif=dk½

1- osn fdrus iqjkus gS] bl ckjs esa fo}ku ,der ugha gSA dksbZ budh jpuk yxHkx ikap gtkj o"kZ iwoZ ekurk gS] rks dksbZ nl gtkj o"kZ iwoZ] vkSj dqN fo}ku budh jpuk ekuo l`f"V ds vkjaHk esa ekurs gSaA& ia- j?kquanu 'kekZ] oSfnd laifÙk] ubZ fnYyh % n;kuan laLFkku] 1983] i`- 36&114 2. A.S. Altekkar, Education in Ancient India, Pg. 4 3. Suresh.C.Ghosh , History of Education in India, pg. 115 4. Suresh.C.Ghosh , History of Education in India, pg. 115 5. Suresh.C.Ghosh, History of Education in India, pg. 115 6. Murullah & Naik, A History of Education in India, 1951, Pg. XIV 7. A.N. Basu, Education in Modern India – Pg. 17

8- fxfjjkt fd'kksj] ifjf'k"V] i`- 1 9- f'koizlkn flag] xyh vkxs eqM+rh gS] i`- 81 10- nsos'k Bkdqj] xq#dqy] i`- 37&38 11- Jhyky 'kqDy] jkx njckjh] i`- 27 12- Jhyky 'kqDy] jkx njckjh] i`- 23 13- Jhyky 'kqDy] jkx njckjh] i`- 329&330 14- Jhyky 'kqDy] jkx njckjh] i`- 9

vad&1 % tuojh] 2017

ISSN Applied

izos'kkad 88 ;fn os xzkeh.k ik=ksa ds fy, BsB cksyh dk p;u djrs rks 'kk;n 'kjkc ihdj ykSVrs] os bu ;q)ksa esa okLrfodrk ds jax HkjrsA ugha rks vfèkd mÙke ,oa mfpr gksrkA fdarq muds xzkeh.k ik= Hkh oSlh gh ;s 'kkfCnd ;q)&Hk;adj xkfy;ksa vkSj pqukSfr;ksa ds gksrs gq, Hkh bUgha [kM+hcksyh cksyrs gS]a tSlk fd ogk¡ ds f”kf{kr oxZA gk¡] miU;kldkj etnwjksa ds thou dh Hkk¡fr [kks[kys jg tkrsA fnu Hkj dh Fkdku] us bldk iz;kl ;nk&dnk vo'; fd;k gS fdarq ;g i;kZIr ugha gSA ?kqVu vkSj jkr dks pV~Vkuksa ls fudyus okys xeZ fu%”okl] vkl&ikl rkRi;Z gS fd miU;kl esa leL;k,¡ LokHkkfod gS]a fdarq Hkk"kk ughaA QSys gq, /kq,¡ vkSj muds nqf”parkvksa ds izdj.k esa jkr dks gksuos kys ;s ^lwuh ?kkVh dk lwjt* miU;kl xk¡o ds yksxksa ds x¡obZiu ds vusd fo"k;ghu 'kCn&;q)] ml okrkoj.k ds ,d LokHkkfod vax ls tku lanHkZ fpf=r djrk gSA xk¡o ds f”kf{kr ;qod o ckyd Hkh vius Kku iM+rs FksA**7 vr% Jhyky 'kqDy us xzkeh.k lanHkksZa dk ;FkkFkZ fp=.k dk lnqi;ksx ugha dj ikrs gSAa ;Fkk ys[kd fy[krs gS& a ^^esjs mu ^lwuh ?kkVh dk lwjt* esa fd;k gSA ;g ,d ,sls xzkeh.k ;qod dh lkfFk;ksa esa dksbZ nl rd igkM+k i<+rk gqvk gy tksr jgk gSA dksbZ dgkuh gS tks f'kf{kr vkSj izfrHkk'kkyh gksus ds ckotwn Lo;a dks ,d lkS rd fxurh fxurk gqvk HkkM+ >ksd a jgk gSA dksbZ jkek;.k dh ,sls lekt esa ikrk gS] tgk¡ mldh lksp] vkn'kksZa vkSj xq.kksa ds pkSikb;k¡ dgrk gqvk cSyxkM+h pyk jgk gS] <sdy q h [khap jgk gSA**4 O;kikjh izfrf"Br gSAa 8 rkRi;Z gS fd xk¡o ds ckyd ;fn i<+&fy[k Hkh ysa rks Hkh mUgsa vius fu"d"kZr% ^lwuh ?kkV dk lwjt* xzkeh.k lanHkksZa dk xqynLrk gSA blesa fodkl ds volj o okrkoj.k miyC/k ugha gSAa vr% os Hkh ogh djus xzkeh.k lekt dh laL—fr ,oa mudh leL;kvksa dk fp=.k gSA yxrs gSa tks muds iqj[ks djrs vk, gSAa bl fLFkfr dks js[kkafdr djrs leL;kvksa dks mBkus ds lkFk ys[kd us buds fuokj.k ds lanHkZ Hkh gq, Jhyky 'kqDy vius ik= ds ek/;e ls dgrs gS& a ^^os lc ogh dj bl miU;kl esa lq>k, gS]a tks bl jpuk dks lkFkZd cukrs gSAa jgs gS]a tks muds iqj[ks djrs pys vk, gSAa lcds ?kj dPps gSAa tgk¡ lanHkZ vorkj R;kxh] xk¡o tkuk pkgrk gw¡] xhrk dfork dks'k] osclkbV] ¼lapkyd½ jktho —".k lDlsuk] i`- 2 cjlkr esa nhokj fxj tkrh gS] mlh txg oSlh gh nwljh nhokj os 1-2- jke Jhyky 'kqDy] lwuh ?kkVh dk lwjt] i`- 21 3- Jhyky 'kqDy] lwuh ?kkVh dk lwjt] i`- 21 fQj mBk ysrs gSAa mudk ;gh iq#"kkFkZ gSA**5 4- Jhyky 'kqDy] lwuh ?kkVh dk lwjt] i`- 23 'kqDy] lwuh ?kkVh dk lwjt] i`- 23 ^lwuh ?kkVh dk lwjt* okLro esa xzkeh.k pØO;wgksa dk ;FkkFkZ fp=.k 5-6- Jhyky MkW- lqjs”k iVsy] Jhyky 'kqDy % ,d v/;;u] i`- 71 Jhyky 'kqDy] lwuh ?kkVh dk lwjt] i`- 50 gSA ;gk¡ xzke&lkSna ;Z ls vf/kd xzke&leL;k dks LFkku izkIr gSA vr% 7-8- Jhyky 'kqDy] lwuh ?kkVh dk lwjt] vkoj.k i`"B ftl izdkj ryokj ugha] ryokj dh èkkj ns[kuh pkfg,] mlh izdkj Hkk"kk gh ls ân;Hkko tkuk tkrk gSA 'kwU; fdarq çR;{k gqvk vkyksP; miU;kl esa xzkeh.k lanHkZ ugha] xzkeh.k phRdkj ns[kuh pkfg, lk fn[kykrk gSA D;ksfa d bl jpuk ds ihNs ys[kd dk mn~n”s ; dqN gSA ml mn~n”s ; &ek/ko 'kqDy dks lkekU; ugha ekuk tk ldrkA MkW- lqj”s k iVsy dk ekuuk gS fd sz h ukSdjkuh gSA ^^Jhyky 'kqDy us jkenkl ds pfj= ds n~okjk lkearh vkSj iw¡thoknh laL—r eka] fganh x`fg.kh vkSj vaxt &M‚- Qknj dkfey cqYds O;oLFkk ds eq[kkSVs ds udkc dks [kksyus dk iz;Ru fd;k gSA**6 ^lwuh ?kkV dk lwjt* ds vU; eq[; ik= gS]a tSl& s cM+s Bkdqj] ea”q kh Hkk"kk fopkj dh iks'kkd gSA uojru yky] izkQ s l s j flagk] Bsdns kj lkscju flag] lR;k] csch vkfnA &M‚- tkulu bu lHkh ik=ksa ds ek/;e ls Jhyky 'kqDy us xzkeh.k lanHkksZa dk ,slk jkepfjr ekul fganh lkfgR; dk dksgu s jw gSA fp= [khapk gS] ftlesa izR;sd oxZ dh ekufldrk fpf=r gksrh gSA &;'kksnkuanu v[kkSjh 'kqDy th ds bu ik=ksa esa eq[;r% nks izdkj ds ik= gS& a ,d] 'kks"kd vkSj nwljk] 'kksf"krA 'kksf"krksa esa dqN lq/kkjoknhA jkenkl] mlds firk lkfgR; ds gj iFk ij gekjk dkjok¡ rsth ls c<+rk tk jgk jeUuk] Ldwy dk pijklh] Qwyk pkph] jkeizlkn daiksftVj] Jhethoh gSA &jkeo`{k csuhiqjh et+njw vkfn fuEuoxhZ; ik= gSAa fu/kZu yksxksa dk 'kks"k.k Åij dk izR;sd oxZ djrk gSA xk¡oksa esa fdl izdkj fu/kZurk ogk¡ dh Hkfo"; dh dfo lEesyu fganh çpkj ds cgqr mi;ksxh lk/ku gSAa ih<+h ds fy, vfHk”kki cu jgh gS] ;g bl miU;kl esa c[kwch n”kkZ;k &Jhukjk;.k prqonZs h x;k gSA fu/kZu yksxkas ds ej tkus ds ckn muds cPps muds n~okjk fganh fpjdky ls ,slh Hkk"kk jgh gS ftlus ek= fons'kh gksus fy, x, _.k dh pDdh esa filrs jgrs gSAa blds lkFk gh muds ds dkj.k fdlh 'kCn dk cfg"dkj ugha fd;kA fodkl dh iwjh izfØ; vo#) gks tkrh gSA vius firk dh e`R;q ds &jktsæa çlkn ckn jeUuk i<+kbZ NksMd + j dqyh cuus ds fy, foo'k gks tkrk gSA a ;Z u"V djuk dgk¡ dh jkenkl dks vius firk dk _.k pqdkus ds fy, viuh t+ehu nsuh nsoukxjh v{kjksa dk dykRed lkSn iM+rh gSA bruk gh ugha vFkkZHkko ds dkj.k mls uojru yky ds cqf)ekuh gS\ ;gk¡ dke Hkh djuk iM+rk gSA &f'koiwtu lgk; Jhyky 'kqDy us n'kkZ;k gS fd xk¡oksa esa iqfyl Hkh fuEuoxZ ds yksxksa ftl ns'k dks viuh Hkk"kk vkSj vius lkfgR; ds xkSjo dk dk 'kks"k.k djrh gSA tks ,d ckj tsy pyk tkrk gS] mls ckj&ckj vuqHko ugha gS] og mUur ugha gks ldrkA >wBs dsl esa iqfyl vius lEeku dks cpkus ds fy, tsy Hkstk djrh &ns'kjRu M‚- jktsUæ çlkn gSA Jhyky 'kqDy us xk¡oksa ds fu/kZu eqgYyksa esa gksus okys xkyh&xykSt dk eqnn~ k Hkh vius miU;kl esa mBk;k gSA tSls fd xkyh&xykSt rks dfork dkfefu Hkky esa fganh fcanh :i] çdV vxzou esa HkbZ fuèkZu eqgYyksa esa vke gks x;k gksA ;Fkk& ^^tks ikl dh nqdkuksa ls czt ds fudV vuwiA

&jk/kkpj.k xksLokeh

ifjys[k 'kks/k lanHkZ ¼bZif=dk½

vad&1 % tuojh] 2017

ISSN Applied

izos'kkad

89 ?kwers feBwu---A** taxyh dsys ds ouksa dk o.kZu ;gk¡ ij gS tks [kkldj iwoksÙZ kj Hkkjr esa vf/kd ik, tkrs gSa ftuds ckjs esa laL—r ds dkO;ksa esa Hkh o.kZu gSA mu ouksa esa ?kweus okys gkfFk;ksa vkSj feBwuksa dk Hkh o.kZu gSA igkM+h bykdksa ls Hkjs {ks=ksa tks lk/kkj.k :i ls gh eueksgd gksrk gS & ueZnk vkdkjiq mls vKs; us viuh dgkfu;ksa esa vR;ar lqna jrk ls v{kjc) fd;k gSA mUgksuas s viuh dgkuh ^ghyh&cksuw dh cÙk[ks* esa ml izdkj mnkgj.k lkfgR;dkj lfPpnkuan ghjkuan okRL;k;u lkfgR; txr esa vKs; izLrqr fd;k gSA ^^tjkSrs dh >kfM+;k¡ ftuds ihNs ,d NksVk lkbjuk ds uke ls izfl) gS]a mudk tUe 07 ekpZ] 1911 dk'kh uxj ftyk cgrk FkkA ghyh us mldk ty dHkh ns[kk ugha Fkk( dsoy dy&dy nsofj;k mÙkj izn's k esa gqvk FkkA 04 vizy S ] 1987 dks mudk fu/ku 'kCn gh lquk Fkk& tjkSr dk >qjeqV mls fcYdqy Nk, gq, FkkA** gqvkA budh dgkfu;ksa esa tks iz—fr dk o.kZu feyrk gS] og igkM+kas esa cgus okys >jus] ugjsa tks dHkh /;ku ls ns[kus ij gh fn[krs lanHkksfZ pr jgrk gSA gSa ,sls gh ,d >jus dk o.kZu ;gk¡ ij gSA ghyh tks ml taxy ds euq"; vkSj iz—fr budk laca/k dHkh Hkh vyx djds ugha ns[k ckjs esa tkurh gS rFkk ml >jus ds dyjo ls Hkh voxr Fkh ij ldrs gSaA Hkxoku us iz—fr dk l`tu euq"; ds fy, gh fd;k gS mlus mls dHkh ns[kk ugha Fkk og mls vHkh ns[k jgh Fkh D;ksfa d og rFkk iz—fr dk vkuan mBkus ds fy, gh euq"; gSA iz—fr ds fcuk >juk tjkSrs ds >qjeqV ls <dk gqvk FkkA euq"; v/kwjk gS vkSj euq"; ds fcuk iz—fr v/kwjh gSA euq"; tUe ls veyrkl o`{k ds Qwy cgqr lanq j gksrs gSAa os yky jax ds gksrs gSAa ysdj e`R;q rd vius thou dh gj voLFkk esa iz—fr ij fuHkZj jgrk nwj ls ns[kus esa fcYdqy nhiksa dh rjg fn[kkbZ nsrh gSAa ys[kd us gSA iz—fr Hkh viuh gj va”k dks ekuo thou dks lq[kn cukus ds viuh îj'kqjke ls rwj[ke* dgkuh esa budk o.kZu fd;k gSA tSl& s ^^tc fy, gh rS;kj djrh gSA tSls dchj us dgk gS ^^c`PN Qy u Hk[kS] cfx;k ds pkjksa dksuksa ij tc veyrkl ds o`{k Qwyksa ls yndj ,sls unh u laps uhjA^^ ;kuh o`{k vius Qy [kqn dHkh ugha [kkrs vkSj nhIr gks mBs fd cfx;k esa pkjksa dksuksa ds vfrfjDr ekuks dqN fn[krk unh viuk ikuh [kqn ugha ihrh] iz—fr flQZ ijksidkj ds fy, gh gh ughaA** veyrkl ds Qwy tc f[ky tkrs gSa rks os nhiksa dh rjg gSA ekuo iz—fr dks viuh vko”;drkvksa ds fy, gh ugha cfYd vkdf"kZr curs gSAa os brus vn~Hkqr fn[krs gSa fd cxhps esa muds flok euksjt a u ds fy, Hkh mi;ksx djrk gSA iz—fr ls euq"; izjs .kk ikrk utj fdlh vU; phtksa ij ugha tkrhA mudk vkd"kZ.k ,slk gks gSA iz—fr ls euq"; lh[krk gSA iz—fr ds lkFk gh og iyrk gSA tkrk gS fd mlds lkeus cxhps dh ckdh lqna jrk Qhdh iM+ tk,xhA lkekU; :i ls lekt esa euq"; iz—fr ds izes rFkk Øks/k nksuksa ls gh vKs; dh ^lso vkSj nso dgkuh*esa êukyh* ds ikl okys taxyksa dk ,d leku ifjfpr gSA euq"; iz—fr dks Hkxoku dk Lo:i ekurs gSAa o.kZu gSA ^îgkM+h jkLrk vkxs ,dk,d [kqy x;k Fkk] phM+ ds o`{k mls iwtrs gaAS vKs; us viuh ûhyh g¡lh* dgkuh esa dsys ds isM+ ds lekIr gks x, FksA vkxs jkLrs dks ikj djrk gqvk ,d >juk cg jgk egRo dks n”kkZ;k gSA tSls ^^dnyh dh voKk vuqfpr gS&ftldh FkkA mldk ftruk vax lery Hkwfe esa ;k ml ij rks Nk;k Fkh] tMs]a gkM Nky] Qy&Qwy lHkh mi;ksxh gSa vkSj muds Hkkstu&Nktu ysfdu tgk¡ og ekxZ ds ,d vksj uhps fxjrk Fkk] ogk¡ izHkkr ds Qsu dk lgkjk gSA** dsys ds isM+ dh voKk ugha dh tk ldrh D;ksfa d ij lw;Z dh fdj.ksa Hkh iM+ jgha FkhaA ,slk tku iM+rk Fkk fd va/kdkj dsys ds isM+ euq"; ds fy, cgqr mi;ksxh gksrs gSAa tSls muds Qy] dh dks[k esa ls pk¡nh dk izokg VwV iM+ jgk gS&;k fd iz—fr&ukf;dk Qwy Hkkstu ds :i esa dke vkrs gSAa dh dtjkjh vk¡[k ds Lusg ds xn~xn~ vk¡lv q ksa dh >M+h--A** ys[kd us vKs; viuh mlh dgkuh esa ,d vkSj txg ,d vU; mnkgj.k Hkh bl mnkgj.k esa lanq j okfn;ksa rFkk >juksa dk o.kZu fd;k gSA fn, gSAa ^^nks o"kZ cjkcj ck<+ vkbZ FkhA }hi izk;% uke 'ks"k gks x;k vKs; dh dgkfu;ksa esa gesa iz—fr dk o.kZu Hkh feyrk gS ij og FkksMk+ FkkA vkSj vc og u tykus ds fy, rsy ;k u [kkus dks ued&nksuksa fHkUu :i esa feyrk gSA os iz—fr ds gj :i dk lanHkksfZ pr o.kZu gh pyuh vkrs Fks--- nsodkardnyh ds rus tykdj mudh jk[k ely izLrqr djrs gSAa jgk gSA mlh dk [kkj mUgsa nqfnZu esa ued dk dke nsrk gS--- [kkj og g¡fM;k esa Hkj ysxk u tkus fdrus fnu pysxh ogA** ck<+ tSlh dfBu fganh Hkkjrh; laL—fr dh vkRek gSA le; esa tc [kkus ds fy, ued feyuk eqf'dy gks tkrk gS rc &deykifr f=ikBh yksx dsys ds isM+ ds rus tykdj mudh jk[k dks ued ds :i esa mi;ksx djrs gSAa bl mnkgj.k esa gesa iz—fr ds nks :iksa dk fp=.k eSa mnwZ dks fganh dh ,d 'kSyh ek= ekurkA &euksjt a u çlkn feyrk gSA ekuo thou ds fy, lgkjk cuus okyh iz—fr viuh Øksèk ls mlds thou dks dfBu cuk nsrh gS vkSj fQj ogh vius fganh Hkk"kk dks Hkkjrh; turk rFkk lai.w kZ ekuork ds fy;s 'kkar :i ls thou dk lgkjk curh gSA cgqr cM+k mÙkjnkf;Ro l¡Hkkyuk gSA ys[kd îj”kqjke ls rwj[ke] ,d Vk;j dh jkedgkuh* okyh dgkuh &lquhfrdqekj pkVqt;~Z k esa mnkgj.k nsrs gSa fd ^^ftlus og ugha ns[kk og ugha ekusxk fd laL—r okD;ksa esa dnyhou esa fopjrs gkfFk;ksa dk tks o.kZu feyrk gS jk"VªHkk"kk fganh gks tkus ij Hkh gekjs O;fäxr vkSj lkoZtfud og v{kj”k% lR; gks ldrk gSA taxyh gh lgh dsys ds brus cM+s thou ij fons’kh Hkk"kk dk çHkqRo vR;ar xfgZr ckr gSA &deykifr f=ikBh taxy fd nks ?kaVs eksVj nkSMk+ dj Hkh ikj u gks--- vkSj mudh fpduh] xgjh] gjh Nk¡gksa esa dgha gkfFk;ksa ds >qM a vkSj dgha cM+h 'kkyhurk ls

vKs; dh dgkfu;ksa esa iz—fr fp=.k

ifjys[k 'kks/k lanHkZ ¼bZif=dk½

vad&1 % tuojh] 2017

ISSN Applied

izos'kkad

90 gSA fdarq ukSdjh u feyus ds dkj.k og dqN Hkh ugha dj ikrk gSAa ys[kd us ,d csjkstxj O;fä dh etcwjh dks n'kkZ;k gSA ukSdjh u feyus ds dkj.k ;qok ih<+h ds LoHkko esa ifjorZu vkrk gSA mldk LoHkko fpM+fpM+k gks tkrk gSA vkSj og gj iy vkanksyu djus ds fy, cspuS jgrk gSA ys[kd us ^^D;k ugha gks ldrk** dgkuh esa bl leL;k dks n'kkZ;k gSA tSl& s ^^;kj! eSa rks vc lc csjkstxkjksa dks ysdj vkanksyu djus okyk gw¡A ;gk¡ rks ukSdjh ds ykys iM+ jgs gSa vkSj rqe fe;k¡&chch nksuksa dks ukSdjh\** dey nl o"kksZa ls ukSdjh & oSthukFk ds fy, baVjO;w ns jgk FkkA og ns'k ds lkjs csjkstxkj yksxksa dh vkjaHk ls gh fganh ys[kdksa us dgkfu;ksa ds ek/;e ls lekt esa c<+rh fLFkfr dks le> ldrk Fkk D;ksfa d og Hkh blh fLFkfr ls xqtj jgk csjkstxkjh dk mYys[k fd;k gSA vkt lekt esa lcls cM+h leL;k FkkA blfy, og lkjs csjkstxkjksa dks ysdj vkanksyu djuk pkgrk csjkstxkjh cu xbZ gSA blh csjkstxkjh ds dkj.k lekt esa dbZ cM+h FkkA dey dh bPNk Fkh fd bl vkanksyu ls csjkstxkjh dh leL;k leL;k,¡ tUe ys jgh gSAa tSl& s Hkz"Vkpkj] xjhch] nfjærk] ykpkjhA dk lek/kku fudysA ys[kd us csjkstxkj O;fä dh euksn'kk dks bu dkj.kksa ls lekt vkSj ns'k esa csjkstxkjh dk ;g Lrj c<+rk gh O;ä fd;k gSA tk jgk gSA csjkstxkjh ,d ?kj ;k ,d ifjokj dh leL;k ugha gS] euq"; dks vius ifjokj dks ikyus ds fy, jksVh] diM+k vkSj edku ;g rks lai.w kZ ns'k dh leL;k cu xbZ gSA vkt lekt esa ;qok ih<+h+ pkfg,A euq"; ds thou esa dqN ,slh leL;k,¡ vkrh gSa ftuds dkj.k csjkstxkjh ds dkj.k viuk thou u"V dj jgh gSA csjkstxkjh ds ?kj] tehu lc dqN cspuk iM+rk gSA ys[kd us ^^ubZ ftanxh** dgkuh esa thou ds blh dVq lR; dk ;FkkFkZ fp= [khapk gSA tSl& s ^^mls dkj.k xyr dne mBkrs gSAa tSl& s gR;k] ywV] pksjh vkfnA lekt esa i<+& s fy[ks gksus ds ckn Hkh gj O;fä dks ukSdjh ugha fey yxk tSls og Lo;a gh lM+d ij nks&nks cPpksa ds lkFk iM+k gks vkSj ikrh gSA ukSdjh dh ryk'k esa og nj&nj HkVdrk gSA ijarq mls bl ihM+k dks Lo;a gh >sy jgk gksA rqeus bu cPpksa dks vukFkkJe ukSdjh ds LFkku ij fujk'kk gh gkFk yxrh gSA ys[kd us viuh esa D;ksa ugha Mky fn;k] dqN rks ns[k&js[k gksrh budh\ lkgc dgkuh ÞD;k ugha gks ldrkß esa bl leL;k dk fp=.k fd;k gSA thrs&th dSls budks vukFk cukÅ¡\ dbZ ckj lkspk fdarq eu us tSl& s ^^D;k gkyr cuk j[kh gS ;s\ og ek;wl gks dj cksyk] HkkX; dks xokgh ugha nhA dqN yksxksa us dgk fd ljdkj bl le; xjhcksa dks + tksMd + j Fkd x;k] dbZ vftZ;k¡ fy[kha dkSu cny ldrk gS\ fdLer esa ;gh lc fy[kk gS u]rks dksbZ dj enn ns jgh gSA gkFk tksM& a hA vc vki gh crkb, fd Hkh D;k ldrk gSA nl o"kksZa ls ukSdjh ds fy, nj&nj HkVd jgk gw¡A ijarq ljdkj ds dkuksa esa t¡w rd ugha jsx bl la l kj es a eq > cnfdLer ls Hkh c<+dj dkSu xjhc gksxk\** vkt rd lSd a M+kas baVjO;w ns pqdk gw¡ ijarq dgha Hkh rks--\ [kSj NksMk+ s rqe crkvks D;k gky gS rqEgkjk\** dey ,d csjkstxkj O;fä gSA ukSdjh vehjnkl ,d ljdkjh dk;kZy; esa DydZ ds in ij dk;Z djrk dh ryk'k esa fiNys nl lky ls HkVd jgk gSA ukSdjh u feyus ds FkkA vpkud mldh iRuh dk LokLF; [kjkc gksus ds dkj.k mls dkj.k os ek;wl vkSj detksj fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA tc dey dk nksLr viuk lc dqN cspuk iM+rk gSA tehu] tk;nkn vkfn lHkh dks mlls feyus vkrk gS rks mls igpku ugha ikrk gSA dey viuh iRuh ds vPNs bykt ds fy, csp nsrk gS] mldh ukSdjh Hkh pyh fdLer dks dkslrk jgrk gSA ys[kd us bl mnkgj.k esa ,d ,sls tkrh gSA og lksprk gS fd vxj esjs ikl ukSdjh gksrh rks ,sls fnu u ns[kus iM+rAs O;fä dk o.kZu fd;k gS tks csjkstxkjh ds dkj.k VwV pqdk gSA lekt esa O;fä csjkstxkj gksus ds dkj.k vius ifjokj dh lgh var esa fu"d"kZ ds :i esa dgk tk ldrk gS fd ys[kd us viuh ns[kHkky ugha dj ikrk gSA ukSdjh u gksus ds dkj.k og Lo;a dks dgkfu;ksa esa csjkstxkjh ls mRiUu gksus okyh leL;kvksa dk ;FkkFkZ fu%lgk; eglwl djrk gSA ys[kd us viuh ^^cl ,d gh bPNk** fp=.k fd;k gS vkSj bl leL;k ls tw>rs yksxksa dh euksn'kk dk dgkuh esa bl leL;k dks n'kkZ;k gSA tSl& s ^^ckcw th esjs firk th ekfeZd o.kZu fd;k gSA [ksrh dk dke djrs gS]a eq>s vkxs i<+kus dh mudh fgEer ugha FkhA fganh leLr vk;kZorZ dh Hkk"kk gSA ,d lky ?kj esa [kkyh jgkA cgqr gkFk iSj ekjs dke dh ryk'k es]a &'kkjnkpj.k fe= fdarq dqN u feykA ge pkj HkkbZ cgu gSAa ,d cgu cM+h gS mldh vHkh rd 'kknh Hkh ugha gqbAZ fdruh dksf'k'k djrs gSa ijarq xjhc yksx lH; lalkj ds lkjs fo"k; gekjs lkfgR; esa vk tkus dh gSa u] dkSu ilan djrk gS xjhc dh csVh dks\ nks HkkbZ Ldwy i<+us vksj gekjh lrr~ ps"Vk jguh pkfg,A tkrs gSAa firk th dh bPNk Fkh fd eSa fdlh vPNh ukSdjh esa yx &Jh/kj ikBd tkÅ¡ vkSj dqN iSlk dekdj cgu dh 'kknh djok nw¡A mUgsa D;k irk Hkkjro"kZ ds fy, fganh Hkk"kk gh loZlk/kj.k dh Hkk"kk gksus fd eSa ;gk¡ fdl fLFkfr esa gw¡A** foØe dk tUe ,d xjhc ifjokj esa gqvk gSA mlds firk th fdlku gS]a mudh vkfFkZd fLFkfr Bhd u ds mi;qä gSA &'kkjnkpj.k fe= gksud s s dkj.k mls viuh f'k{kk chp esa gh jksduh iM+h FkhA bl dkj.k og vf/kd i<+ ugha ldk FkkA vf/kd i<+k fy[kk u gksus ds dkj.k fganh Hkk"kk vkSj lkfgR; us rks tUe ls gh vius iSjksa ij foØe dks dgha Hkh ukSdjh ugha feyrh gSA mlds nks HkkbZ gSa fdarq os [kM+k gksuk lh[kk gSA mlls NksVs gSAa blfy, cgu dh 'kknh dh ftEesnkjh foØe ij gh &/khjsUæ oekZ

jes'k iks[kfj;ky ^fu'kad* dh dgkfu;ksa esa csjkstxkjh dh leL;k

ifjys[k 'kks/k lanHkZ ¼bZif=dk½

vad&1 % tuojh] 2017

ISSN Applied

izos'kkad

fganh dgkfu;ksa esa ikfjokfjd ;FkkFkZ & vat"q kk pkSgku thou thus ds fy, L=h dks iq#’k dh] iq#"k dks L=h dh rFkk nksuksa dks ifjoj clkus dh vko';drk gksrh gSA nksuksa ,d nwljs ds fcuk v/kwjs gSa vkSj ifjokj bu nksuksa ds feyu ls gh curk gSA ifjokj esa nksuksa ,d nwljs ds nq[k dks ck¡V ysrs gSa vkSj [kqf'k;ksa dk R;ksgkj eukrs gSAa nksuksa viuh lw>&cw> ls lkjh ijs'kkuh nwj dj ysrs gSAa blfy, dgk Hkh x;k gS fd L=h vkSj iq#"k ifjokj :ih xkM+h ds nks ifg, gSAa ns[kk gS fd tks ifjokj dsoy iq#"k ç/kku gksrs gSa ogk¡ [kqf'k;k¡ ges'kk ugha jgrhaA ;g Hkh ekuk x;k gS fd ftl ifjokj esa L=h dk gh cksyckyk gksrk gS ogk¡ ?kj iwjh rjg LoxZ dh ifjHkk"kk ugha n'kkZrk gSA L=h&iq#"k tgk¡ feydj ,d lkFk viuk thou ;kiu djrs gSa mlh ifjokj esa [kq'kgkyh igjk nsrh gS] cPpksa dks vPNs laLdkj feyrs gSAa dgkfu;ksa esa L=h vkSj iq#"k ds bu lacèkksa rFkk muds vkilh O;ogkj dk ;FkkFkZ fp=.k feyrk gSA dgkuh lekt dk niZ.k gS og gesa ogh crkrh gS tks gekjs lekt esa ?kVrk gSA dgha L=h iq#"k ds lac/a k e/kqj gksrs gSa rks dgha ^dQu* dgkuh dh rjg ls vekuqf"kd Hkh cu tkrs gSa tgk¡ gksus okys cPps dh ek¡ ls gh iq#’k NqVdkjk ikuk pkgrk gSA ^dQu* dgkuh esa çsepan us lekt esa ?kV jgh ?kVukvksa dk fp=.k c[kwch fd;k gSA ek/ko us viuh iRuh dh lsok Hkh ugha dh( iRuh fpYyk dj ej xbZA tc ?khlw us dgk& ^ekywe gksrk gS cpsxh ugha tk tkdj ns[k vk rks ek/ko us xqLls esa vkdj dgk fd ^^ejuk gh gS rks tYnh ej tk, ns[kdj D;k d:¡A**1 ek/ko vkSj ?khlw ds bl cjrko ls ç”kLr gksrk gS fd cqf/k;k dh D;k txg Fkh] muds ?kj esAa lekt esa L=h dh ;g n'kk dksbZ ubZ ckr ugha gS] ?khlw vkSj ek/ko dh lksp gh ,slh FkhA tc ls ;g vkSjr vkbZ Fkh mlus [kkunku esa O;oLFkk dh uhao Mkyh FkhA ?kj] ?kj tSlk yxus yxk FkkA filkbZ djds ;k ?kkl ykdj og lsj Hkj vkVs dk bartke dj ysrh Fkh vkSj bu nksuksa csxjS rksa dk isV Hkjrh FkhA vkt tc mls vius ifr ds lkFk dh vkSj llqj ds viuRo dh vko';drk gS rks os nksuksa mldh mis{kk djds ckrsa cuk jgs gSAa 2 ^xny* ¼jkax;s jk?ko½ esa Hkh n”kkZ;k x;k gS fd tc L=h&iq#"k dqN vyx lksprs gSa rks mudk ifjokj fdl rjg fc[kj tkrk gSA xny ,d fo/kok gSA tc mldk fookg gqvk Fkk rc og cgqr NksVh FkhA ijarq tc og foèkok gks xbZ rc Hkh mlus fgEer ugha gkjh vkSj vius thou ds la?k"kZ dks vdsys gh dkVus yxhA dgha u dgha mlds eu esa pkg Fkh fd mldk nsoj mldk lkFk ns iajrq ,slk gqvk ughaA og lekt vkSj viuh mez ds vkxs gkj x;k FkkA xny us vius cPpks dks eqlhcrksa ls ikyk FkkA tc og viuh ftEesnkfj;ksa ls eqä gks xbZ rc mlus FkksMh+ vius fy, [kq'kh pkgh ijarq ?kj esa csV& s cgw dks og ckr jkl ugha vkbZ vkSj os mlds lkFk cqjk O;ogkj djus yxsA cgw mls xkfy;k¡ rd nsus yxh ^^rq>s 'kje ugha vkrh] xnyA**3 ,sls 'kCnksa dk ç;ksx gksus yxkA ifjokj esa dyg Dys'k gksus yxsA euq"; ds fy, ifjokj ,slk LFkku gS] tgk¡ og viuh Fkdku feVkrk gS vkSj vius nq[k&nnZ dks nwj djrk gSA ikfjokfjd lq[k u feyus ij euq"; dh ftanxh vk/kh gks tkrh gSA fnu Hkj og fdruk Hkh dke djs ij tc og Fkd gkj dj ?kj esa vkrk gS] vius cPpksa ds lkFk ifjys[k 'kks/k lanHkZ ¼bZif=dk½

g¡lrk&[ksyrk gS rks mldh lkjh Fkdku dgha ekuks [kks tkrh gSA og vius lkjs nq[kksa dks Hkqyk nsrk gSA ;g ,d lPpkbZ gS fd ifjokj ges'kk lq[k gh ugha dHkh&dHkh dk¡Vks& a lk nnZ Hkh nsrk gSA tc ifjokj ds yksxksa esa le>nkjh de gksrh gS rc ifjokj cgqr fnuksa rd ugha pyrk gS vkSj og ifjokj VwV tkrk gSA xny dk ifjokj Hkh ,slk gh ifjokj gSA ifjokj esa dyg&Dys'k iM+k jgrk gSA dksbZ fdlh dh lqurk ugha gSA ,d nwljs ij vkjksi yxkrs jgrs gSAa vkjksi yxkus ds i'pkr Hkh dgha u dgha os ,d fj'rs esa ca/ks gSAa ,d nwljs ds nnZ dks le>rs gSAa tSls ^^'kke gks xbZ FkhA ekSuh ckgj cSBk FkkA xny us xje pVuh vkSj vke dh jksVh [kkus dks nhA**4 xny dks ekSuh dh fpark Fkh rHkh rks mlus dgk fd ^^rqe ,d vkSj C;kg D;ksa ugha dj ysrAs ** ,d vkSj lp fNik Fkk bl ifjokj esa tSl& s ^^xny g¡lh] >u>ukrh gqbZ g¡lh]** ^^nsoj rks esjk rw vxys tUe esa Hkh jgsxkA ogh eq>ls #[kkbZ fn[kkrk] rks D;k og ik¡o dVs fcuk ml nsgyh ls ckgj fudy ldrh Fkh\ mlus eq>ls eu Qsjk eSua s mllsA eSua s ,slk cnyk fy;k mllsA** bl dFku ls ;g çrhr gksrk gS fd xny vanj ls VwV xbZ FkhA rHkh rks tc og iVsy ds ;gk¡ igq¡ph rc iVsy ds iwNus ij mlus dgk Fkk& ^^tc NksVh Fkh rc esjk nsoj yV~B ck¡/k esjs [kle ds lkFk vk;k FkkA blh ds gkFk ns[krh jg xbZ Fkh eSa rksA lkspk Fkk] ejn gS] bldh Nrj Nk;k esa th yw¡xhA crkvks] iVsy ogh Fkk tks xny ds ifr ds ejus ds ckn mls j[k ldkA ejrs&ejrs xny us crk gh fn;k fd ,d gh ifjokj esa jgdj og ges'kk vius nsoj ds ikl Fkh vkSj ejrs&ejrs Hkh mlds eq¡g ij g¡lh FkhA ftruh eqf'dy ifjokj cukus esa gksrh gS mlls dgha vf/kd eqf'dy ifjokj pykus esa gksrh gS vFkkZr ifjokj dks tksMs+ j[kus esa gksrh gSA ^mldh jksVh* ¼eksgu jkds'k½ esa ifjokj dh lPpkbZ n'kkZbZ xbZ gSA crk;k x;k gS fd ifr&iRuh ,d xkM+h ds ifg, gSa ftuds fcuk xkM+h pyuk laHkao ugha gSA iRuh vius ifr dk fnu jkr [+k;ky j[krh gS] ifr ;fn ukjkt Hkh gks tk; rks Hkh mldk [+k;ky mlh rjg ls j[krh gSA bl dgkuh esa ckyks fnu jkr vius ifr dks lEeku nsrh gS] fnu Hkj mldk bratkj djrh gS] og nsjh ls vkus dh ltk vius vki dks nsrh gS D;ksfa d og FkksMh+ nsjh ls vkbZ Fkh vkSj lqPpk flag dh cl fudy xbZ FkhA bldk ftEesnkj og vius vki dks gh le>rh gSA lqPpk tc nksigj dks vk;k rc mlus xqLls ls jksVh ugha yhA ckyks dks cqjk yxus dh ctk; og viuh xyrh eku jgh FkhA blfy, mlus nksigj ls 'kke rd vkSj 'kke ls jkr rd mldk bratkj fd;kA mlds iSj Fkd x, Fks ysfdu og Vl ls el ugha gqbAZ vkf[kj esa cl vkbZ vkSj lqPpk us jksVh ys yhA ckyks cgqr [kq'k Fkh D;ksfa d mlus eaxyokj dks vkus dk oknk tks ys fy;k FkkA lqPpk viuh iRuh ds I;kj ds vkxs >qd x;k FkkA og le> x;k Fkk fd og mldk lPpk I;kj gSA mldk xqLlk\ vpkud cknyksa ds Hkhrj tc pk¡n Nqi tkrk gS mlh rjg mldk xqLlk Hkh dgha fNi x;k FkkA ^nksigj dk Hkkstu* ¼vejdkar½ esa ifjokj dk ;FkkFkZ utj vkrk gS fd lc ,d lkFk nksigj dk Hkkstu ugha [kk jgs gSa ijarq rhuksa Hkkb;ksa rFkk cki&lHkh ,d nwljs ds fo"k; esa iwN jgs gSAa ,d nwljs dh bTtr dj jgs gSAa mUgsa fpark gS fd ifjokj ds vU; lnL;ksa us Hkkstu fd;k ;k ughaA ek¡ mUgsa tcjnLrh Hkkstu nsrh gSA vkSj dgrh gS fd rqEgkjs cM+s HkkbZ us bruh jksVh [kkbZ rqEgsa Hkh [kkuh iM+x s hA5 ysfdu

vad&1 % tuojh] 2017

ISSN Applied

izos'kkad

;gk¡ ij ;FkkFkZ vkSj fcMacuk gS fd ifjokj ds lc lnL; ;g tkurs gSa fd vU; lnL; ds fy, Hkkstu ugha gS] fQj Hkh ekSu jgrs gSAa ifjokj dh ifjHkk"kk esa ;g gksrk gS fd tgk¡ ,d nwljs dh leL;kvksa dk lek/kku feyrk gS og ,d ifjokj gksrk gS ijarq ek/ko rks lksp jgk Fkk fd mldh iRuh dy ejrh gks rks vkt ej tk,A nksuksa cki&csVksa dks rks cl [kkus dh iM+h gSA6 bl çdkj ys[kd us ikfjokfjd ;FkkFkZ dh Øwjrk dks lkeus j[kkA Hkkjrh; ifjokj O;oLFkk iq#"kopZLooknh O;oLFkk gSA ?kjksa esa fL=;k¡ Hkh iq#"kksa dks mPp LFkku çnku djrh gSAa ?kj ds eqf[k;k iq#"k gh gksrs gSAa fL=;ksa ls lykg ysuk rd os viuh 'kku ds f[kykQ le>rs gSAa iq#"kksa dks yxrk gS fd os dek,¡ ;k u dek,¡ fdarq ?kj ds eqf[k;k os gh gS]a ;g ije lR; gS bldks leLr ifjokj dks viukuk gh iM+x s kA fganh dgkfu;k¡ bl ikfjokfjd ;FkkFkZ dk lgh çfrfcac çLrqr djrh gSAa ^nksigj dk Hkkstu* ¼vejdkar½ esa ;gh rks crk;k gS fd iq#"k oxZ ?kj dh fpark ls eqä gSA dsoy ek¡ lcdh fpark ls O;kdqy gSA og lcdk [+k;ky Hkh j[krh gS vkSj ?kj dh fparkvksa esa Mwch gqbZ Hkh gSA NksVk csVk chekj gSA ifr ds ikl dksbZ dke ughaA og vc Hkh dke dh ryk'k esa bèkj&m/kj HkVd jgk gSA nksuksa toku csVksa dk dksbZ lgkjk ugha] mudk dksbZ vrk&irk ughaA os viuh nqfu;k esa dgh [kks, gq, FksA ysfdu ek¡ fQj Hkh viuk drZO; fuHkkrh FkhA le;&le; ij lcdk [+k;ky j[krh Fkh ijarq [kqn ikuh ds uke ij vk¡lw ds ?kw¡V gh ih jgh FkhA ifjokj esa iq#"k }kjk nkf;Roiw.kZ Hkwfedk ds fuokZg esa dksrkgh dks ;g dgkuh Hkyh çdkj lkeus ykrh gSA blh çdkj ^dQu* dgkuh esa crk;k x;k gS fd ?kj dh efgyk çlo ihM+k ls rM+i jgh gS] tksj&tksj ls fpYyk jgh gS ijarq ?kj ds iq#"k mlds nnZ dks ck¡V ugha jgs gSa cfYd ;g çkFkkZuk dj jgs gSa fd dy ejrh gks rks vkt gh ej tk, vkSj os mldh ftEesnkjh ls eqä gks tk,¡A vkt os cki csVs ftldh ftEesnkjh ls eqä gksuk pkgrs gSa mlh us ?kj esa vkdj lkjh ftEesnkfj;ksa dks viuk fy;k FkkA vr% iq#"k dh Hkwfedk detksj gh n'kkZ;h xbZ gSA os viuk QtZ fuHkkus esa pwd jgs gSAa vHkko dgsa ;k fd viuk drZO; Hkwy x, gSAa 'kk;n os pkgrs rks cqf/k;k cp ldrh FkhA ifjokj esa iq#"k dh Hkwfedk cgqr gh etcwr gksuh pkfg, tSls fd ^iktsc* dgkuh esa uSjVs j firk dhA tc mUgsa eqUuh dh iktsc xqe gks tkus dk irk pyk rks mUgksua s cgqr gh /kS;Z ls iwNrkN dh vkSj fdlh dks nq[k Hkh ugha igq¡pk;kA ^ijk;k lq[k* dgkuh esa lsBh us cgqr /ku dek;kA mls vc /ku dekus dh ykylk ugha gSA /ku dekus dk lq[k og ik pqdk gS] vc ifjokj clkuk pkgrk gSA nwljh vksj ccyw vkSj mldh ek¡ vkfFkZd raxh >sy jgs gSa D;ksfa d ccyw ds firk dh vk; cgqr de gSA lsBh dks tc lc dqN irk pyk rks mlus nkSyr ccyw ds uke dj nhA7 bl çdkj lsBh us ifjokj dk eqf[k;k u gksrs gq, Hkh rnuq:i drZO; dk fuokZg fd;kA drZO; fuHkkuk bruk vklku ugha gksrk ysfdu lsBh us ,d {k.k Hkh ugha yxk;k ccyw ds çfr viuk QtZ fuHkkus ds fy,A dkj.k pkgs dksbZ Hkh gks ijarq mlus vius fny dh ckr lquh vkSj mlds fny esa dsoy ,d usd Hkkouk vkbZA Hkkjrh; ifjokj O;oLFkk esa L=h dk LFkku iq#"k dh rqyuk esa n~forh;d ekuk tkrk gSA og] firk] HkkbZ] ifr ;k iq= ds laj{k.k esa jgus ds fy, foo'k gksrh gS rFkk vius ifjokj ds lacèa k esa fu.kZ; ysus ds fy, Hkh v{ke jgrh gSA ifr ds fy, ru&eu lc dqN U;kSNkoj ifjys[k 'kks/k lanHkZ ¼bZif=dk½

dj nsrh gSA cPps viuh tax thrus ds fy, ek¡ dks eksgjk cukrs gSAa vius tk;s cPpksa ls og gkj tkrh gSA iq#"k oxZ L=h dks vktknh nsus ls Mjrk gSA ^xny* ¼jkax;s jk?ko½ dgkuh esa L=h dh tks ihM+k fn[kkbZ xbZ gS og gekjs lekt esa fdrus gh ?kjksa dh fL=;ksa esa ns[kh tk ldrh gSA vkSjr gh vkSjr dh nq'eu gksrh gS bldk çek.k Hkh bl dgkuh esa gSA xny dh cgw vkSj tsBkuh nksuksa mlds nq'eu cu x, FksA mldh ihM+k D;k gS] mldh pkgr D;k gS] dksbZ mls le> ugha jgk FkkA Lo;a mldk csVk Hkh mlds fo#) FkkA ;Fkk] fugky fpYyk;k fd ^^lqu ys ijesljq h tx galkbZ gks jgh gSA [kkfj;ksa dh rks rwus ukd dVk NksMh+ A**8 xny viuh [kqf'k;ksa dks [kkstus ds fy, ifr ds ejus ds i'pkr ,d ykSgkjs xwtj ds ;gk¡ cSB xbZA vc og gkj eku pqdh FkhA xny vius nsoj ls dqN mEehn yxkdj cSBh Fkh D;ksfa d b/kj mldk ifr ej x;k Fkk m/kj mldh nsojkuhA mls yxrk Fkk fd MksMh 'kk;n mls viuk ysxk ijarq ,slk gqvk ughaA ,d ckj xny viuh tsBkuh ls dg cSBh ^^okg tsBkuh iqjkus ejn dk eksy u;s ejn ls rsjs ?kj dh cS;j gh pqdokrh gksxhA xny rks ekyfdu cu dj jgrh gSA**9 blls çrhr gksrk gS fd ,d L=h dks ru&lq[k ds lkFk lEekutud LFkku dh Hkh t:jr gksrh gSA ^rhljh dle* dgkuh esa ghjkckbZ xk¡o&xk¡o ?kwe dj ukSVa dh djrh gSA yksx mlls viuk eu cgyk ysrs Fks clA dksbZ mls le> ugha ik;k FkkA ghjkeu ,d xkM+hoku FkkA og mls og bTtr nsrk gS tks ,d efgyk dks lekt esa feyuh pkfg,A ghjkckbZ eu dh lkQ] ru Hkh lkQ! ysfdu lekt us mls dsoy ^ukSVd a h djus okyh ,d vkSjr dk eku fn;k gSA*10 ml vkSjr dks viuk lq[k eukus dk viuk dksbZ vf/kdkj ugha gSA blh rjg ls ^mldh jksVh* dgkuh esa ,d efgyk dk fp=.k gS tks viuh xyrh ekurh gS tcfd mldh dksbZ xyrh ugha gSA og rks vius ifr dks vius gkFkksa ls cuk vkSj ?kj dk Hkkstu f[kykuk pkgrh gSA ysfdu mlds ifr dk eq¡g lh/kk ugha gksrkA og vius ifr gksus dk Qk;nk mBkrk gS vkSj iRuh ls lh/ks eq¡g ckr Hkh ugha djrkA ckyks iwjk fnu mldk bartkj djrh gS ijarq mldk ifr lkeus gksrs gq, Hkh mldk [kkuk Lohdkj ugha djrkA11 vkSjrksa dh dgkuh gjsd ?kj esa ,d leku gksrh gSA vkSjr yqVus dks rS;kj vkSj nwljs mls ywVus dks rS;kjA og ges'kk gh n;uh; fLFkfr esa gksrh gSA vkneh blh ckr dk Qk;nk mBkrk gS fd ;g vkSjr gh tc bl tky ls fudyuk ugha pkgrh rks eq>s D;k\ eSa rks viuk Qk;nk mBkÅ¡xk] viuk dke fudkyw¡xkA ^dQu^ esa cqf/k;k ds ckjs esa dgk x;k gS fd tc ls ;g vkSjr vkbZ Fkh de ls de [kkus dk bartke rks dj ysrh FkhA dSls Hkh [kkuk rks feyrk FkkA og fdl rjg ls [kkus dk bartke djrh Fkh ;g Hkh os tkuuk ugha pkgrs FksA cqf/k;k viuk drZO; fuHkkuk tkurh FkhA ;fn og ,slk u djrh rks ?kj dh n'kk D;k gksrh og tkurh Fkh D;ksfa d ?kj ds nksuksa enZ rks csxjS r] vkylh vkSj xanh lksp j[kus okys FksA mUgksua s ?kj dh vkSjr dh j{kk rks nwj mlds nnZ dks eglwl rd ugha fd;kA cqf/k;k ds ejus ds i'pkr mu nksuksa us mlds dQu ds #i;ksa ls ekSt eLrh dhA os ml vkSjr ds fy, ,d dQu rd Hkh u ns ik, ftlus mudh lsok Vgy djrs gq, tku rd ns nhA ^nksigj dk Hkkstu* Hkh ,d ,slh dFkk gS tks 'kk;n gj ?kj dh dgkuh gSA ,d vkSjr lcdk [+k;ky j[krh gS fdarq og viuk [+k;ky ugha j[k ikrh gS mls rks ikuh ihus dh lq/k ugha jgrh gSA12 flís'ojh ds ?kj dh gkyr Bhd

vad&1 % tuojh] 2017

ISSN Applied

izos'kkad 93 ugha FkhA [kkus ds Hkh ykys iM+us yxs FksA ysfdu mlus viuk drZO; fd felst enu vius ifr ds lkFk lq[kh FkhaA muds lac/a k vius ifr ugha NksMk+ A vpkud I;kl yxus ij mlus ikuh fi;k ysfdu [kkyh ds lkFk cgqr xgjs FksA ,d iy mUgsa yxk fd og vius jkLrs ls isV gksus ds dkj.k dysts esa yx x;k vkSj og gk; jke djds ogha HkVd tk,¡xh] og vyx jkLrs ij pyh tk,¡xh ijarq mudk çse tehu ij ysV xbZA13 ;gk¡ ;g ç'u mBrk gS fd D;k okLro esa L=h bruk detksj ugha FkkA mUgksua s vius vkidks la;e esa j[kk vkSj ifr mruh gh n;uh; fLFkfr esa gS ftruh fd bu dgkfu;ksa esa fn[kkbZ ds lkFk xgjs lac/a kksa us mUgsa cpk fy;kA lsBh us dgk ^^rch;r ugha nsrh gSA vkSjr ges'kk vius ifjokj dh HkykbZ ds ckjs esa gh lksprh gksrh bl caxys dks NksMd + j tkus dhA** mfeZyk us d#.k –f"V ls gSA fookg ds i'pkr tks çse mls ugha fey ik;k Fkk ml çse dks Hkh lsBh dks ns[kk vkSj vk¡[ksa >qdk yhaA 'kCn u FksA mlus ifr ik;k Fkk og Hkwy tkrh gS D;ksa fd blh esa og lcdh HkykbZ le>rh gSA lc ijarq ,slh mnkjrk] la;e vkSj vuqjkx u ns[kk FkkA mldk jkse&jkse dqN vius ifjokj ij dqckZu dj nsrh gSA tSls ^mlus dgk Fkk* iqdkjuk pkgrk Fkk& rqe mnkj gks] egku gks ijarq ftàk can FkhA L=h dgkuh esa lwcns kjuh cpiu esa gh fdlh ls feyh vkSj yguk flag ds dh ges'kk gkj gksrh gS tc ml ij vkØe.k gksrk gS rc Hkh vkSj tc çfr dksey dyh eu esa f[kyh vkSj yguk Hkh mls ilan djrk Fkk mls iukg nh tkrh gS rc HkhA17 ^xny* dgkuh esa xny dk ifr ej ysfdu dS”kkS;Z dk vkd’kZ.k og ogha lekIr gks x;k vkSj lwcns kjuh tkrk gS vc og vdsyh gSA cPps] cgw lHkh vius ifjokj ds lkFk o"kksZa ds ckn yguk flag ls feyhA rc Hkh mlus viuh dksbZ ckr ugha lq[kh gSAa ijarq xny vkSj mldk nsoj vius&vius Lrj ij vdsykiu dhA mls dsoy vius csVs vkSj ifr dh fpark Fkh blfy, mlus mu >sy jgs FksA xny eu gh eu MksMh+ dks pkgus yxh Fkh vkSj MksMh nksuksa dks lqjf{kr j[kus dh izkFkZuk dhA cpiu esa tks viukiu yguk HkhA exj txgalkbZ ds Mj ls og bl çse dh ngyht ikj ugha dj us fn[kk;k Fkk og lc lwcns kjuh us mls ;kn fnyk;k vkSj mlds ik;k FkkA rHkh rks lUukVs esa MksMh us /khjs ls dgk] ^^xny** ^^D;k gS\** lkeus vk¡py ilkjus yxhA14 vkSjr ds thou dk ;gh ;FkkFkZ gS fd xny us gkSys ls dgk ^^rw pyh xbZ u\** xny us dgk& ,d fnu og fujarj vius ifjokj dh dq'kyrk dh gh fpark djrh gSA lc pys tkrs gSAa MksMh us dgk& tSls rw xbZ oSls dksbZ ugha tkrkA L=h vkSj iq#"k ds thou dk lcls lq[kn vuqHko çse dk vuqHko tx g¡lrk gS tkurh gSA xny us dgk ^^txgalkbZ ls ugha Mjrh gksrk gSA L=h&iq#"k ds feyu dh lkekftd O;oLFkk fookg ds }kjk nsojA rw lksprk gksxk fd xny dh mfej gks xbZ] vc bls [kle dh dh tkrh gSA vktdy ds yksx çse igys djrs gSa vkSj fookg ckn D;k t:jr gS] eSa vc viuh cgqvksa dh xqykeh ugha d:¡xhA vc esAa çse tc fdlh ds thou esa vkrk gS rks og lkrosa vkleku esa dksbZ fdlh dh ijokg ugha djrk gSA MksMh dk xyk HkjkZ x;k vkSj mM+rk gSA fookg gksus ds i'pkr L=h dks iq#"k rFkk iq#"k dks L=h ds mlus dgk ^^xny] eSa cqïk gw¡A Mjrk Fkk] tx g¡lx s kA csVs lkspx as ]s vykok dksbZ vkSj utj ugha vkrkA izes dky esa mUgsa ,d nwljs ds pkpk dk vEek ls igys ls gh ukrk gksxkA HkS;k dh cnukeh gksxh Hkhrj dksbZ deh utj ugha vkrh exj fookg ds dqN le; i'pkr uA** xny us MksMh dh ,d u lquh vkSj og jksus yxhA18 lp gh çse mUgsa ,d nwljs esa dsoy dfe;k¡ gh utj vkrh gSAa bldk dkj.k gS mez dk eksgrkt ugha gksrkA ;g og lq[k gS ftldk vuqHko dHkh Hkh ijLij çse dk de gksukA blfy, fookgsÙkj lac/a kksa dh 'kq:vkr gksrh gks ldrk gSA ^rhljh dle* dgkuh esa ghjkeu dh viuh ,d dgkuh gSA ysfdu ijLij lac/a k cuk jgs rks çse drZO;cksèk ds lkFk tqMd + j gSA ghjkeu dh Hkh 'kknh gqbZ Fkh] cpiu esa gh ghjkeu dh 'kknh mnkÙk cu tkrk gSA ^mlus dgk Fkk* dgkuh esa yguk flag cpiu ls djok nh xbZ FkhA nqygu xkSus ls igys gh ej xbZA ghjkeu dks gh fdlh dks ilan djus yxk FkkA eu gh eu esa fdlh dks viuk viuh nqYgu dk psgjk rd ;kn ughaA nwljh 'kknh\ nwljh 'kknh u cuk cSBk Fkk ijarq mls D;k irk Fkk fd og fdlh vkSj dh vekur djus ds vusd dkj.k gSAa HkkHkh dh ftí Fkh fd dq¡okjh yM+dh ls gh gSA yguk ds thou esa og nksckjk vkbZ ijarq rc yguk viuh ftanxh 'kknh djokuk pkgrh FkhA dksbZ yM+dh okyk nks C;kgw dks viuh ds nksjkgs ij [kM+k Fkk lwcns kjuh vkSj yguk flag ,d nwljs dks yM+dh xjt esa iM+us ij gh ns ldrk gSA HkkbZ ds vkxs HkkHkh dh ugha igpku ysrs gSAa lwcns kjuh vius csVs vkSj ifr dh j{kk djus dk Hkkj pyrh] mUgksua s tks lksp fy;k lksp fy;kA ghjkeu us r; dj fy;k yguk flag dks lkSia rh gS vkSj yguk flag blds fy, viuh tku dh fd og 'kknh ugha djsxkA19 ckth yxk nsrk gSA15 ^dQu* dgkuh esa çse rks utj ugha vk;k] bl lexz v/;;u ls Li’V gS fd fganh dgkfu;ksa esa ikfjokfjd fookg vkSj mlds i'pkr ifr&iRuh dk gky c[kwch lkeus vk;k gSA ;FkkFkZ ds ldkjkRed vkSj udkjkRed fofo/k i{kksa dk lVhd] izHkkoh cqf/k;k us fookg esa [kkbZ dlesa iwjh rjg ls fuHkkbZA og ges'kk ifjokj vkSj ekfeZd vadu gqvk gS tks dgkuhdkjksa ds xgu ;FkkFkZcks/k dk ds fo"k; esa gh lksprh jgh vkSj [kkus&ihus dh O;oLFkk djrh jghA ifjpk;d gSA ijarq mlds llqj vkSj thou Hkj dk lkFk fuHkkus ds fy, dle lanHkZ dQu] fganh dgkfu;k¡ ¼ukeoj flag½] i`- 15 [kkus okyk ifr mldh çlo ihM+k lqu Hkh ugha ik jgs FksA mlds ifr 1-2- çsçseepapann]] dQu] fganh dgkfu;k¡ ¼ukeoj flag½] i`- 5 3- jkaxs; jk?ko] xny] fganh dgkfu;k¡ ¼ukeoj flag½] i`- 67 16 us fookg ds ckn fookg ds ,d Hkh drZO; dks ugha fuHkk;kA 4- jkaxs; jk?ko] xny] fganh dgkfu;k¡ ¼ukeoj flag½] i`- 65 r] nksigj dk Hkkstu] fganh dgkfu;k¡ ¼ukeoj flag½] i`- 200 ifr&iRuh ,d nwljs ds nq[k dks Hkh u le> ik,¡ rks ,slk fookg 5-6- vejdka çsepan] dQu] fganh dgkfu;k¡ ¼ukeoj flag½] i`- 143 7- ;'kiky] ijk;k lq[k] fganh dgkfu;k¡ ¼ukeoj flag½] i`- 6 fdl dke dkA 8- jkaxs; jk?ko] xny] fganh dgfu;k¡ ¼ukeoj flag½] i`- 67 xs; jk?ko] xny] fganh dgfu;ka ¼ukeoj flag½ i`- 67] 68 ^ijk;k lq[k* dgkuh ;'kiky }kjk jfpr gSA mUgksua s ,d ,sls çse dks 9-10-jkaQ.kh'ojukFk ^js.kq* rhljh dle] fganh dgkfu;k¡ ¼ukeoj flag½] i`-87 gu jkds'k] mldh jksVh] fganh dgkfu;k¡ ¼ukeoj flag½] i`- 173 n'kkZ;k gS tks /ku ls larI` r gksus ds ckn ikfjokfjd çse vkSj larks"k 11-12- eksvejdka r] nksigj dk Hkkstu] fganh dgkfu;k¡ ¼ukeoj flag½] i`- 201 r] nksigj dk Hkkstu] fganh dgkfu;k¡ ¼ukeoj flag½] i`- 202 dh ryk'k esa gSA ^mlus dgk Fkk* dh rjg ;gk¡ Hkh çse dk mnkÙk :i 13-14- pavejdka æ/kj “kekZ xqysjh] mlus dgk Fkk] fganh dgkfu;k¡ ¼ukeoj flag½] i`- 12 xqysjh] mlus dgk Fkk] fganh dgkfu;k¡ ¼ukeoj flag½] i`- 12 nf'kZr gS D;ksfa d çse ik= dks çkIr u dj ikrs gq, Hkh dFkkuk;d 15-16- paçseæpa/kjn] “kekZ dQu] fganh dgkfu;k¡ ¼ukeoj flag½] i`- 14 17ijk;k lq [ k] fganh dgkfu;k¡ ¼ukeoj flag½] i`- 63 mlds csVs dks viuh laifÙk nsus dk fu.kZ; ysrk gSA ;g Hkh lR; gS 18- jkaxs; jk?ko] ;'kiky] xny] fganh dgkfu;k¡ ¼ukeoj flag½] i`- 7 19- Q.kh'ojukFk ^js.kq*] rhljh dle] fganh dgkfu;k¡ ¼ukeoj flag½] i`- 89

ifjys[k 'kks/k lanHkZ ¼bZif=dk½

vad&1 % tuojh] 2017

ISSN Applied

izos'kkad

cky'kkSfj jsìh ds lk{kkRdkjksa esa ys[kdh; O;fäRo & ;w- lquhrk lk{kkRdkj ,slh lkfgfR;d fo/kk gS ftlesa dYiuk dh xqt a kb'k ugha gksrhA blds varxZr lk{kkRdkjdrkZ bl çdkj ds ç'u iwNrk gS fd lacksf/kr O;fä ds O;fäRo] thou] miyfCèk] la?k"kZ] fopkj vkSj ekufldrk ds fofo/k igyqvksa ds ;FkkFkZ ls ifjfpr gqvk tk ldsA M‚- cky'kkSfj jsìh ds lk{kkRdkj laxgz ^esjs lk{kkRdkj* dk fo'ys"k.k djus ij muds O;fäRo vkSj thou ds ckjs esa vusd rF; Kkr gksrs gSAa M‚- cky'kkSfj jsìh ds ys[kdh; O;fäRo ds fuekZ.k esa muds dk'khokl dk cM+k gkFk gSA os crkrs gSa ^mu fnuksa eSa dqN rqdcanh djrk FkkA ogk¡ ,d rsyx q q ,lksfl,'ku FkkA eSa mldk lgk;d lfpo FkkA vka/kz dk eq[; ioZ ^mxkfn* gSA geus lkspk fd bl volj ij fdlh i=dkj ;k laiknd dks v/;{krk ds fy, cqyk;k tk, rkfd gekjh xfrfof/k;ksa dk lHkh dks irk py ldsA blfy, geus iafMr deykifr f=ikBh dks vkeaf=r fd;kA lekjksg esa eSua s vka/kz ds ckjs esa crk;kA bl ij f=ikBh th us dgk&^jsìh th] vkidk oäO; rks cgqr vPNk FkkA ge pkgrs gSa fd ioZ&R;ksgkj dh vis{kk ogk¡ ds jhfr&fjokt ;k lkekftd ifjfLFkfr;ksa ij fy[kdj nhft,A* ;gk¡ ls muds ys[ku dks fn'kk feyuh vkjaHk gqbAZ blh çdkj ljksftuh uk;Mw ds fu/ku ij vk;ksftr J)katfy lHkk esa jsìh th us viuh dfork lqukbZ rks iqu% iafMr deykifr f=iBh us fy[kus dh çsj.kk nhA M‚- jsìh us ;g Hkh crk;k fd muds xq# iafMr xaxk/kj feJ us mUgsa ;g cks/k djk;k fd ^rqe dfork ls vPNk x| fy[k ldrs gksA vr% x| esa gh ç;kl djksA* xq#th ds bl okD; dks ea= eku os dfork NksMd + j x| dh vksj eqM+ x, vkSj fujarj x| fy[krs jgsA jsìh lnk mRlkfgr jgus okys çk.kh FksA ;g muds O;fäRo dh dqt a h gSA mudh igyh jpuk 1948 bZ- esa okjk.klh ls gh çdkf'kr gksus okys fganh lkIrkfgd i= ^xzke&lalkj* esa Nih FkhA mlds yxHkx iaæg chl fnu ckn ,d fnu mUgksua s ,d gksVy esa rsyx q q dh ,d ikf{kd if=dk ns[kh rks mudh çlUurk dk fBdkuk u jgkA dksbZ rsyx q q Hkk"kh O;fä 'kk;n ogk¡ if=dk NksM+ x;k FkkA ^gksVy ds eSut s j dh vuqefr ls eSa ml if=dk dks ysdj ?kj vk x;k vkSj mls iwjk i<+ x;kA i<+us ds ckn eq>s yxk fd blesa çdkf'kr dfri; jpukvksa ls vPNh jpuk eSa fy[k ldrk gw¡A fQj D;k Fkk] mlh jkr dks tkxdj eSua s vius dejs esa ^yfyr dyk,¡* 'kh"kZd ,d ys[k rsyx q q esa fy[kk vkSj mls çdkf'kr gksus ds fy, eækl ls fudyus okyh ,d if=dk ^f=fyax* ¼ikf{kd½ dks Hkst fn;kA ,d eghus ds i'pkr~ eqfær gksdj og jpuk eq>s çkIr gqbAZ esjs ys[k dks i<+dj rsyx q q ds ,d fo[;kr lkfgR;dkj Jh çifrZukjk;.kk;qM Z q us ,d ç'kalkRed i= HkstkA rHkh ls çksRlkfgr gksdj eSa cjkcj fganh vkSj rsyx q q esa fy[kus yxk vkSj deksc's k ;g vkt rd tkjh gSA gk¡] ftrus lkfgR; dh jpuk eSua s fganh esa dh gS] mruk rsyx q q esa ugha dj ik;kA rsyx q q fganh nksuksa Hkk"kk,¡ esjs nks u;u ds leku gSa ftlds vkyksd esa esjh lkjLor lkèkuk çfrfcafcr gSA* bl dFku ls muds O;fäRo dh bl fo'ks"krk dk Hkh irk pyrk gS fd os rsyx q q vkSj fganh nksuksa dk leku lEeku djrs FksA dk'kh ds ifjys[k 'kks/k lanHkZ ¼bZif=dk½

vfrfjä bykgkckn ds ifjos'k us Hkh M‚- jsìh ds ys[kdh; O;fäRo ds xBu esa cM+h Hkwfedk fuHkkbZ gSA ;s nks uxj laL—fr] jktuhfr] ,sfrgkfld vkSj /kkfeZd –f"V ls Hkh Hkkjrh; lekt esa vR;ar fof'k"V LFkku j[krs gSAa bu uxjksa esa mUgsa egkohj çlkn f}osnh ls ysdj iar] egknsoh] fujkyk] jkedqekj oekZ] gfjoa'k jk; cPpu] misæa ukFk ^v'd* bR;kfn pksVh ds lkfgR;dkjksa ls vijks{k vkSj ijks{k çsj.kk feyhA fdlh lkfgR;dkj ds fy, ;g r; djuk cM+k t:jh gksrk gS fd og D;k fy[ks] D;ksa fy[ks] dSls fy[ks vkSj fdlds fy, fy[ksA bl lacèa k esa M‚- jsìh crkrs gSa fd&^tc eSua s fy[kuk vkjaHk fd;k] ml le; esjs lkeus u dksbZ y{; Fkk vkSj u eq>s vius ys[kdh; drZO; dk cksèk gh FkkA D;ksfa d [kqn fy[kus dh çsj.kk gqbZ vkSj fy[kus dk vnE; mRlkg Hkh Fkk] eSa fy[krk x;kA tks jpuk,¡ eq>s fganh vkSj rsyx q q esa vPNh yxha] mudk eSa vuqokn djds Lrjh; i=&if=dkvksa esa çdkf'kr djkrk jgkA esjh –f"V ;gh jgh fd jpuk mÙke Js.kh dh gks vkSj ikBdksa ds fy, #fpdj gksus ds lkFk çsj.kknk;d o KkuoèkZd Hkh gksA laikndksa vkSj ikBdksa dks esjh jpuk,¡ vPNh yxha vkSj muls eq>s mRlkgoèkZd i= çkIr gksus yxsA eSa ,d vPNk ikBd Hkh FkkA fganh vkSj rsyx q q dh jpukvksa dk fu;fer :i ls v/;;u djrk FkkA ml le; eq>s dfri; jpuk,¡ Qhdh vkSj O;FkZ çrhr gksrh Fkha] rc eSua s tkuk vkSj vuqHko fd;k fd ;fn eSa Hkh bl çdkj dh vfgrdj vkSj fujFkZd jpuk,¡ d:¡ rks ikBdksa dks ykHk rks ugha gksxk cfYd mudk vewY; le; O;FkZ tk,xkA* bl çdkj mUgsa ys[kdh; drZO; dk cksèk gqvkA mUgsa yxk fd lekt vkSj ikBdksa ds çfr ys[kd dk viuk nkf;Ro gksrk gSA bl Hkkouk ls muds Hkhrj Kkuksn; gqvkA ^ml le; ls eSa tks Hkh jpuk djrk gw¡] vius ys[kdh; nkf;Ro dks le> dj djrk gw¡ vkSj bl ckr dk [+k;ky j[krk gw¡ fd og jpuk ljy] ljl] Kkuo/kZd gksus ds lkFk&lkFk lkekftd nkf;Ro ls iw.kZ gksA ys[ku ds iwoZ eSa Lo;a vkRefo'ys"k.k djds ns[krk gw¡ fd ;g jpuk çdkf'kr gqbZ rks ikBdksa ds fy, mi;ksxh gks ldrh gSA* bl çdkj muds ys[kdh; O;fäRo esa Lok/;k;] drZO;cks/k rFkk vkRekoyksdu tSls mnkÙk xq.k lekfo"V gSAa ljyrk] lgtrk vkSj fujkfHkekurk ds xq.kksa ls laiUu M‚- cky'kkSfj jsìh dks vfr'k;ksfä iw.kZ ç'kalk ls ijgst gSA os crkrs gSa fd&^fdlh ys[kd us eq>s nf{k.k ds çsepan ds :i esa n'kkZus dk ç;kl fd;kA mUgksua s vfr mRlkg vkSj laHkor% esjs çfr fo'ks"k lkSgknZ ds dkj.k rqyuk djus dk ç;kl fd;kA eSa çsepan ds Lrj dks pkyhl&ipkl çfr'kr Hkh çkIr dj ldw¡ rks vius thou dks /kU; ekuw¡A okLro esa nf{k.k ds çsepan dk 'kh"kZd i<+dj eq>s nq%[k gqvkA gk¡] ml ys[k esa of.kZr fo"k; esjs lkfgR; dk çfrfcac FkkA fdlh pksVh ds ys[kd ds lkFk vfr'k;ksfäiw.kZ rqyuk djuk eSa vPNk ugha le>rkA* blls muds O;fäRo esa fufgr vgadkjghurk ds xq.k dk irk pyrk gSA M‚- cky'kkSfj jsìh ds O;fäRo dh ,d cM+h fo'ks"krk gS&mudh jk"Vªh; psrukA os fganh i<+u& s fy[kus dh fn'kk esa jk"VªO;kih jk"Vªh; vkanksyu ds fnuksa esa izoÙ` k gq, vkSj vius ys[ku dks tkrh; o jk"Vªh; vfLerk dk çrhd cukrs x,A os ekurs Fks fd jk"Vª ds fuekZ.k esa leLr Hkkjrh; Hkk"kkvksa dh lgHkkfxrk gksuh pkfg,A blls mudh jk"Vªh; psruk dk irk pyrk gSA os crkrs gSa fd& ^gekjh lkaL—frd fojklr us ,d gh vkn'kZ jk"Vª ds lEeq[k j[kk gS] og gS&fHkUurk esa ,drk ds n'kZu djukA vc lkfgfR;d vknku&çnku ds ek/;e ls leLr Hkkjrh; Hkk"kkvksa esa l`ftr ok³~e; dks vU; Hkk"kkvksa esa miyCèk djkuk vkSj leLr Hkkjrh; Hkk"kkvksa ds lkjLor izn;s dks fganh esa

vad&1 % tuojh] 2017

ISSN Applied

izos'kkad 95 :ikarfjr djokdj Hkkjr dh Hkkjrh ds :i esa çfrf"Br djuk gekjk ckj ckj crkrs gSa fd&êSua s xka/kh th ls gLrk{kj ysdj fganh lh[khA* y{; gksuk pkfg,A* —rKrk dk vuqHko Hkh M‚- jsìh ds O;fDrRo dh M‚- cky'kkSfj jsìh ds lk{kkRdkjksa esa mudh jpuk/kfeZrk ds fodkl ds cM+h fo'ks"krk gSA os çlUurkiwod Z crkrs gSa fd& êq>s fganh txr ds lac/a k esa fuEufyf[kr tkudkjh feyrh gS& çdk'kdksa o laikndksa dk Lusg o vknj feykA* jsìh th dk ys[ku ¼v½ ^fganh esa çkjaHk esa eSaus fuca/k vkSj dgkfu;k¡ fy[khA esjh jpuk,¡ fujk”kkoknh ugha FkkA os dgrs gSa fd&^,slk dksbZ Hkh O;fä tks lekt vkt] jk"Vª Hkkjrh] vktdy] nf{k.k Hkkjr] fo'kky Hkkjr] /keZ;qx] dks çHkkfor djrk gS] eq>s Hkh çHkkfor djrk gSA esjs lkspus dk <ax çokg] lqçHkkr] fganh çpkj lekpkj] vtark] uoHkkjr VkbEl esa esjs ys[ku esa çR;{k gks tkrk gSA eSa u gh yksxksa ij vius fparu dks çdkf'kr gqbZaA iqLrd :i esa esjh —fr îapke`r* lu~ 1954 esa fganh vkjksfir djus esa fo'okl j[krk gw¡ vkSj u gh dksbZ fu.kZ; lqukuk çpkj lHkk] gSnjkckn ls çdkf'kr gqbZA 1956 esa Hkkjr ljdkj ds ilan djrk gw¡A gj O;fä pyrs&pyrs ,d pkSjkgs ij igq¡prk gS] f'k{kk foHkkx us nks gtkj #i, rFkk mÙkj izns”k ljdkj us rhu lkS tgk¡ mls viuk ekxZ pquuk iM+rk gSA jkLrs esa ^lkbucksM*Z yxs gksrs #i, dk iqjLdkj fn;kA laHkor% Hkkjr ljdkj }kjk ;g çFke gS]a ij thou ds ekxZ ij viuh jkg [kqn pquuh iM+rh gSA tks lgh iqjLdkj ;kstuk FkhA esjs lkFk tSusaæ dqekj th dks îki vkSj ujd* iFk ij ix /kjrk gS og Bhd y{; ij igq¡p tkrk gSA* viuh ds fy,] Jh Q.kh'ojukFk js.kq dks êSyk vk¡py* ds fy, rFkk ys[kdh; NViVkgV ds ckjs esa mudk dguk Fkk& ^vuqHko dh rhozrk f'konku flag pkSgku dks muds leh{kk xzaFk ds fy, iqjLdkj çkIr ds dkj.k esjs vanj ,d NViVkgV iSnk gks tkrh gSA esjs gkFk dFkk gq,A uoHkkjr VkbEl us nks d‚yeksa esa esjh iqLrd dh leh{kk dk ,d cht gksrk gS] mls igys ij[krk gw¡A mldh {kerk dks îapke`r ls jk"VªHkkjrh dk vfHk"ksd* 'kh"kZd ls çdkf'kr dhA fcgkj tk¡prk gw¡ fd og O;kid gks ik,xk ;k ughaA fQj v/;k;ksa esa jk"VªHkk"kk lEesyu ds eq[ki= us îapke`r* ij ,d laikndh; foHkkftr djrk gw¡A pkj&ik¡p eghus ik=ksa o ?kVukvksa ds LokHkkfod fVIi.kh çdkf'kr dhA M‚- gtkjh çlkn f}osnh] M‚- oklqnso”kj.k xqQ a u esa eu ls yx tkrk gw¡A rc tkdj dke 'kq: djrk gw¡A nsgkrh vxzoky bR;kfn us cgqr vPNh jk; nhA buds vfrfjä fganh rFkk gw¡( eu dh ckr lh/ks miU;klksa esa çdV dj nsrk gw¡A* rsyqxq i=ksa esa esjh vk'kk ds foijhr vR;ar ç'kalkRed leh{kk,¡ dYiuk'khyrk Hkh jsìh th dk O;fäRoxr xq.k gSA cpiu esa os dbZ çdkf'kr gqbZaA vusd ikBdksa vkSj fo}kuksa us Hkh viuh ç'kalkRed lius ns[krs Fks] tks vuqHkwfr dk fØ;kRed :i /kkj.k djus ds iwoZ çfrfØ;k O;ä dhA ,d çdkj ls eq>s fganh rFkk rsyqxq ds if=dk bl çdkj v–'; gks tkrs Fks] tSls vkdk'k esa fo|qr dh dkS/a k] iy txr ;k ikBd oxZ esa Loh—fr feyh vkSj loZ= esjh igpku c<+hA* Hkj ds fy, viuh vkHkk NksMd + j v–'; gks tkrh gSA ijarq tc os ¼vk½ ôkLro esa ^'kcjh* dh dFkkoLrq eSaus vius ,d fj'rsnkj ds fo|k/;;u gsrq ç;kx dh vksj çLFkku dj jgs Fks] rc foa/;kpy fy, rS;kj dh FkhA ml le; eSaus okYehfd] rqylh] rfey] rsyqxq lehiofrZuh çk—frd lq"kek dks ns[k mudk eu vfHkHkwr gqvk vkSj jkek;.kksa dk v/;;u fd;kA ^'kcj tkfr* vkt Hkh mÙkjka/kz rFkk fulxZ dk ;g lkSna ;Z muds eu&çk.k esa lek x;kA ml æfor eè; çns'k dh lhekorhZ cLrh esa fuokl djrh gSA fo'ks"kdj fLFkfr esa os fdlh vKkr dYiuktxr esa fopj.k djus yxs vkSj txnyiqj] cLrj ds {ks= esa oU; çkarksa esa 'kcj yksx fuokl djrs mldh çfrfØ;kRed Hkkouk,¡ dfork ds :i esa cfgxZr gqbAZ ;FkkFkZ gSaA rsyqxq esa mu vkfnokfl;ksa dks ^'kcj* tkfr ls vfHkfgr djrs vkSj dYiuk dk ;g lefUor :i muds lkfgR; dks vuqçkf.kr gSaA eSaus mu vkfnokfl;ksa ds thou] jgu&lgu bR;kfn ds ckjs esa djrk fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA M‚- cky'kkSfj jsìh dh jpuk/kfeZrk ds fodkl i<+k] lquk] ppkZ dh] rc eSaus :ijs[kk rS;kj dhA eSaus ^'kcjh* dks esa muds Lok/;k;] vuqHko] dYiukço.krk vkSj lkekftd&jk"Vªh; vkfnokfl;ksa dh fe= ds :i esa çLrqr fd;kA vkfnoklh vf/kdrj psruk dk egRiow.kZ ;ksx jgkA os crkrs gS]a ^jpuk,¡ i<+r& s i<+rs eu taxyksa esa jgrs gSa vkSj vius Hkqtcy ij vk[ksV [ksydj thou esa fopkj mBrs FksA ,slk D;ksa gS] oSlk D;ksa ugha( blh ls ys[ku mHkjkA thrs gSaA ^'kcjh* dks eSaus iq#"kksa ds çfr}anh ds :i esa çLrqr fd;kA u,&u, ç'u ys[ku ds fy, çsfjr djrs gSAa çsepan] çlkn vkSj mls vkfnokfl;ksa dk usr`Ro djus ds fy, çsfjr fd;k] ijarq ukjh fujkyk esjs fç; jpukdkj gSAa fo".kq çHkkdj ds dFkklkfgR; us dh dksey Hkkoukvksa dks Hkh mlds O;fäRo ds fodkl esa lgk;d çHkkfor fd;kA deys'oj dk ^fdrus ikfdLrku*] xksfoan feJ dk çfrikfnr fd;kA thoui;aZr mls vius lekt ds vf/kdkj fyIlk îk¡p vkaxuksa okyk ?kj*] fp=k eqnx ~ y dk ^vkok¡* vPNs yxsA fgeka'kq dk Hkko j[kus okys míaM ;qodksa rFkk mPp oxZ ds yksxksa ds tks'kh dh dgkfu;k¡] jktsæa voLFkh dk dkyfparu] xaxkçlkn foey frjLdkj vkSj geys lgus iM+sA bl la?k"kZ thou esa vius O;fäRo vkSj txnh'k prqonZs h dh dfork,¡ eq>s cgqr ilan gSAa ^dkek;uh* dks dk fodkl djrs gq, var esa ^'kcjh* vk/;kfRedrk dh vksj ço`Ùk eSa loZJ"s B egkdkO; ekurk gw¡A fujkyk dh dfork,¡ Hkh mR—"V Js.kh gksrh gS vkSj ^jkek;.k* ds çlaxkuqlkj jke dks >wBs csj f[kykdj dh gSAa * os ekurs gSa fd tc rd euq"; gS] l`tu dh çfØ;k pyrh viuh Hkfä çnf'kZr djrh gSA blesa vf/kdka'k ?kVuk,¡ dYiuk&çlwr jgsxhA eu dh ps"Vk,¡] O;Fkk,¡] g"kksYZ ykl QwVx as s ghA mUgsa vfHkO;ä gSa] tks ;FkkFkZ dh èkjrh ij fufeZr gSaA eSaus bl miU;kl dks viuh djuk gh gksxkA l`tu dh O;Fkk] ihM+k] Lor% QwV iM+rh gSA ukS jl ,d jpukRed i`"BHkwfe ij laHkkO; Hkfo"; dks –f"Vxr djrs gq, LokHkkfod fLFkfr;ksa o le; esa çdV gksrs gSAa çlax ds vuq:i çLrqr fd;kA* lkfgR; viuk :i xzg.k djrk gSA mudh ekU;rk Fkh fd&^ys[kd ¼b½ **ydqek* vkSj ôhj dsljh* esjs nks çeq[k ,sfrgkfld miU;kl dks thou ls tqMs+ lHkh fo"k;ksa dk çkFkfed Kku gksuk pkfg,A mls gSaA ^ydqek* jsìh ;qx ls lacafèkr gS rks ôhj dsljh* fot;uxj cgqr i<+uk pkfg,A ,slk u gksus ij lkfgR; ds [kkfjt gksus dk lkezkT; lsA eSaus bu nksuksa dky[kaMksa dk lexz bfrgkl i<+ fy;k van's kk cuk jgsxkA* viuh ys[ku ;k=k ds fodkl ds ckjs esa M‚- jsìh Fkk vkSj bl bfrgkl dh i`"BHkwfe ij jfpr miU;klksa dk v/;;u crkrs gSa fd mudh igyh jpuk ^xzke lalkj* ^Hkzej* us çdkf'kr dhA Hkh fd;k FkkA bls i<+us ds i'pkr eq>s yxk fd dqN ?kVuk,¡ ,slh mlds i'pkr ^vkt* esa rks fujarj çdkf'kr gksrh jgh gSA nf{k.k tkus gSa] tks çLrqr ugha gqbZ gSaA bfrgkl ds opZLo dks dk;e j[kus esa ds i'pkr rsjg o"kksZa rd ^vkt* ds nf{k.k ds fo'ks"k laoknkrk jgsA os bu ?kVukvksa dh egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk jgh gSA mu dky[kaMksa ds ifjys[k 'kks/k lanHkZ ¼bZif=dk½

vad&1 % tuojh] 2017

ISSN Applied

izos'kkad 96 bfrgkl dk v/;;u djrs le; eq>s yxk fd ydqek tks ,d fo"k;ksa ij iqLrdsa fy[kh gSaA yxHkx esjh lHkh Js"B rsyqxq jpukvksa nsonklh dh iq=h gS] vn~Hkqr çfrHkk'kkyh urZdh gSA mlds u`R; esa dk fganh esa Hkh vuqokn gqvk gSA* Hkjreqfu }kjk ç.khr ukVî'kkL= esa of.kZr pkSalB dykvksa ls dgha viuh thou ;k=k esa MkW- jsìh vius firk th dks Hkxoku dk ntkZ vf/kd èoU;kRedrk gSA rc fQj eSaus u`R; lkfgR; lacaèkh tkudkjh nsrs gSaA mudk dguk gS fd& êSa Hkxoku dks ugha tkurkA esjs firk çkIr djus ds fy, mlds fo'ks"kKksa ls ppkZ dj FkksM+h lh çkFkfed gh Hkxoku gSa esjs fy,A eSa Hkh"e dks ugha tkurk] esjs firk gh Hkh"e tkudkjh çkIr dhA fQj viuh dYiuk rFkk vuqHkotU; Kku ds gSa esjs fy,A* pkj o"kZ dh vk;q esa ekrk dh e`R;q gks tkus ij firk vk/kkj ij ml ik= dks :ikf;r fd;kA eSaus ,sfrgkfld ?kVukvksa th us gh jsìh th dk ikyu iks"k.k fd;kA os crkrs gSa fd ^firk us dh iqf"V ds fy, nks&pkj ik=ksa dh l`f"V Hkh dh] tks dFkkoLrq esa dHkh ek¡ dh deh eglwl gksus ugha nhA esjs ekek fu%larku Fks lks fodkl ds lgk;d fl) gks xbZA gekjk orZeku gekjs çkphu mUgksaus firk th dks le>k cq>kdj eq>s xksn ys fy;k FkkA ekek bfrgkl dh lq–<+ fHkfÙk ij [kM+k gSA eq>s th tku ls pkgrs Fks] ij ekeh dqN mxz LoHkko dh FkhA ml ¼bZ½ eSaus 23 o"kksaZ rd ^pank ekek* dk laiknu fd;kA bldh le; yxHkx vkB ;k ukS lky dk FkkA ,d fnu Ldwy ls ykSVk yksdfç;rk dk vanktk vki blh ckr ls yxk ldrs gSa fd 70 ds rks dM+h Hkw[k yxh FkhA lks ekeh ls [kkuk ijkslus dh ftn djus n'kd esa bldh yxHkx 2 yk[k çfr;k¡ Nirh FkhaA ,d cgqr cM+k yxkA ml le; ekeh esjh ek¡ ds gh <sjksa xgus igu&igu dj [kqn oxZ bldk ikBd FkkA fo'ks"k ç;kl ds rkSj ij eSaus loZçFke fparu dks laokjus esa yxh FkhA esjs ckj&ckj f>a>ksM+us ij fp<+ xbZ vkSj fd;kA fparu fd;k fd eSa Hkh dHkh ckyd Fkk] vc cPpksa dk firk cksyh ^rwus FkksM+s gh dekdj j[kk gS ;gk¡A* cl bruk lquuk Fkk fd gw¡ -- vius cpiu ds ckyeu dk Lej.k djrs gq,] firk ds :i esa esjs rucnu esa vkx yx xbZA eSaus mBkbZ ikl gh iM+h phuh feV~Vh ckyeuksfoKku dk v/;;u fd;kA ikl iM+ksl ds dbZ cPpksa dks dh IysV vkSj ns ekjh ekeh ds flj ijA mldk flj cgqr t[eh bdëk djds muds ckyeuksfoKku dks le>us dk ç;Ru fd;kA gks x;k FkkA [kwu dk QOokjk cg mBk FkkA mls ns[kdj eSa tksjksa ls lewg esa cSBdj dbZ&dbZ dgkfu;k¡ lqukbZA buesa cPpksa dks tks Mj x;k vkSj ogk¡ ls lh/kk Hkkxk vius firk ds xk¡o] tks fd ogk¡ dgkuh lcls vf/kd ilan vkbZ] mlds dkj.kksa dh [kkstchu dhA ls yxHkx 2&3 fdeh nwj FkkA ?kj igq¡pdj gh eSaus ne fy;k FkkA fQj eSaus ik;k fd if=dk ds fy, tks lkexzh rS;kj gqbZ] og eSa Mj t:j x;k Fkk] ij mldk eq>s i'pkÙkki ugha Fkk] D;ksafd iw.kZr;k ckyeuksfoKku ds vuq:i BgjhA* vius nsork ls firk ds fy, eSa cqjs 'kCn lgu ugha dj ldrk FkkA ¼m½ êSaus LosPNk ls fganh ls rsyqxq esa vuqokn dk;Z fd;k gSA ,l- ekeh Bhd gks xbZ FkhA ekek eq>s fQj ysus vk;s Fks ij esjs nksLrksa ,u-O;kl dh ^jkek;.kdky esa laL—fr* dk rsyqxq esa vuqokn fd;k us eq>s Mjk fn;k Fkk fd vc tk,xk rks ekeh t:j bldk cnyk vkSj eækl ls Niok;kA bldh nks gtkj çfr;k¡ fcdhaA fujkyk ds ysxh] D;ksafd eSaus mlds lkFk cqjk lywd fd;k FkkA* miU;kl ^fcYyslqj cdfjgk* dk ,uchVh ds fy, vuqokn fd;kA blds ckn firk dh N=Nk;k esa mudk ckdh le; lq[kiwoZd chrk jkefoykl 'kekZ dh ^fujkyk dh lkfgR; lk/kuk* ds çFke [kaM dk vkSj ;Fkkle; fookg vkSj cPpksa dk tUe gqvkA os o`)koLFkk esa vuqokn fd;kA ^fganh dh Js"B 21 dgkfu;k¡* ¼la- /kuat; oekZ½ dk vkdj igyh ckj chekj gq, ftls ;kn djrs gq, dgrs gSa fd^thou vuqokn fd;kA fot;pan tSu ds [kaMdkO; ôs';k* dk esjk vuqokn esa igyh ckj xr pkj&ik¡p eghus ls vLoLFk jgkA eSaus lius esa Hkh rsyqxq esa [kwc fcdkA* ugha lkspk Fkk fd eq> tSlk iryk vkneh dksyLVªksy ds vkf/kD; M‚- cky'kkSfj jsìh dk tUe dM+ik ¼vka/kz çns'k½ ds ,d /kuh&ekuh ds dkj.k ân; jksx dk f'kdkj gksxkA lp dgw¡ rks M‚DVjksa us bZifjokj esa gqvkA fganh i<+us o fy[kus esa muds çsj.kklzksr xka/kh th lh-th-] VªsMfey ,aft;ksxzkQh ds ijh{k.kksa ds ek/;e ls ;g fu.kZ; jgsA xka/kh ds jpukRed dk;ZØeksa esa gfjtu m)kj] ukjh f'k{kk] fd;k fd esjh pkj jä okfgfu;ksa esa ls rhu jä çlkj.k dh n`f"V dqVhj m|ksx ds lkFk fganh lh[kuk Hkh lfEefyr FkkA mUgha dh ls vo#) gSaA ;fn FkksM+k&lk Hkh foyac gksrk rks tku dk [krjk izsj.kk ls jsìh th fganh dh vksj vk—‘V gq,A ^xka/kh th us 21 FkkA oSls yanu ds ,;jiksVZ esa U;w;kdZ tkrs gq, êkbYM vVSd* 11 tuojh] 1946 dks nf{k.k Hkkjr fganh çpkj lHkk dh jtr t;arh väwcj] 1994 dks gqvkA fQj Hkh vius –<+ ladYi ds dkj.k eSaus lekjksg dk mn~?kkVu fd;k FkkA mUgksaus vius Hkk"k.k esa dgk Fkk ;k=k pkyw dh vkSj rsbZl fnu ckn vesfjdk ls ykSVkA fQj uoacj fd cgqr tYnh gh ns'k vktkn gksus tk jgk gSA vktkn fganqLrku ckbZl dks fnYyh esa vpkud gkVZ vVSd gqvk] M‚- jes'k Hkkj}kt us dh jk"VªHkk"kk fganh gksxhA vr% eSa efgykvksa rFkk ;qodksa ls vihy ogk¡ ds çfl) ân;jksx fo'ks"kK dks fn[kk;k rks mUgksaus rRdky djrk gw¡ fd vki yksx vHkh ls fganh lh[kuk vkjaHk djsa] rkfd ijh{k.k djds crk;k fd eSa nl fnu vLirky esa ;Fkksfpr fpfdRlk fganqLrku ds vkTkkn gksrs gh turk dh Hkk"kk esa 'kklu dk dk;Z djkÅ¡A mUgksaus ;k=k djus ls Hkh euk fd;k FkkA ysfdu nks fnu laiUu gks ldsA xka/kh th dk ;g liuk FkkA ijarq vkt rd ge ckn eSa ok;q;ku }kjk eækl igq¡pkA ;gk¡ ds ijh{k.kksa ls ;g yksx muds lius dks lkdkj ugha dj ik,A* xka/kh n'kZu mudh çekf.kr gqvk vkSj ekpZ X;kjg 1995 dks Hkkjr ds fo[;kr vLirky jpuk/kfeZrk dh fujarj çsj.kk cuk jghA ^viksyks* esa M‚- ,e-vkj- fxfjukj ds usr`Ro esa esjk vkçs'ku vkxs pydj fo'kkjn] lkfgR;jRu] lkfgR;kyadkj dh ijh{kk,¡ mÙkh.kZ lQyrkiwoZd laiUu gqvkA rhu fnu ds ckn gks'k esa vk;kA* mfpr dhA fganh i<+us ds fy, dk'kh rFkk ç;kx Hkh x,A ogk¡ ij fujkyk] le; ij mipkj rFkk ckbZikl ltZjh gks tkus ls ml le; M‚egknsoh oekZ] cPpu th tSls cM+s lkfgR;dkjksa ls ifjp; gqvk cky'kkSfj jsìh dh çk.k j{kk gks xbZ rFkk mlds ckn iwjs nks n”kdksa ftuls fy[kus i<+us dh çsj.kk feyhA os crkrs gSa fd&^rsyqxq vkSj rd vkSj Hkh os LoLFk jgdj iwjh fu"Bk ls fganh Hkk"kk vkSj lkfgR; fganh nksuksa esa eSaus lekarj :i ls ys[ku dk;Z fd;k gSA tgk¡ rd dh lsok esa mRlkgiwoZd layXu jgsA rsjg flracj 2015 dks nlosa ckr rsyqxq esa ys[ku dh gS] rks blesa eSaus dbZ ,sfrgkfld miU;kl] fo”o fganh lEesyu ¼Hkksiky½ ls psUuS ykSVus ij 87 o’kZ dh vk;q esa ukVd] dgkuh vkSj laL—fr rFkk cky euksfoKku ls lacaf/kr mudk fu/ku gks x;kA ifjys[k 'kks/k lanHkZ ¼bZif=dk½

vad&1 % tuojh] 2017

ISSN Applied

izos'kkad

cukjlhnkl prqonZs h : i=ksa ds vkbZus esa & vt; dqekj ekS;Z dk¡p dh pwfM+;ksa ds fy, lqifz l) 'kgj ftyk fQjkstkckn] mÙkj izn's k esa ,d xzke f'k{kd ia- x.ks'kh yky pkScs th ds ?kj izFke lqi= q dk tUe 24 fnlacj] 1892 dks gqvk FkkA mUgsa fganh txr cukjlhnkl prqonZs h ds uke ls tkurk gSA dfo] laiknd] Lokra«krk lsukuh vkSj laln lnL; cky—".k 'kekZ ûohu* dks yxHkx 1954&1955 esa fy[ks i=& ^^firk th 10 #i, ekgokj ikrs Fks vkSj mlh jde ls lar"q V FksA**1 baVjehfM,V djds 1913 esa mUgksua s ekLVjh 'kq: dh] Ng o"kZ bankSj ds ^jktdqekj dkyst* es(a fQj pkj o"kZ vgenkckn esa xka/kh th ds ^xqtjkr fo|kihB* esa fganh i<+kbZA fdarq lokZf/kd r`fIr vkSj LFkk;h dhfrZ Lora= i=dkfjrk ls feyhA fQj 1927 ls dksydkrk ls ^fo'kky Hkkjr* ds vk| laiknd cus] fQj Vhdex<+ ¼mÙkj izn's k½ ls ikf{kd if=dk ê/kqdj* dk laiknu Hkh fd;kA {ks=h; cksfy;ksa rFkk tuinh; vkanksyu ds fy, lefiZr FksA Lo;a vPNh vaxt sz h] Qhth] :lh vkfn Hkk"kkvksa ds vPNs Kkrk gksrs gq, Hkh fganh ,oa tuinh; Hkk"kkvksa dks izkRs lkgu fn;k vkSj thoui;Zra fganh ds fy, gh lefiZr jgsA ^^mudk igyk ys[k 1912 esa Nik Fkk tc os vHkh fo|kFkhZ FksA**3 twu 1914 esa vius 'kgj fQjkstkckn esa mudh eqykdkr Qhth ls ykSVs fxjfefV;k ia- rksrkjke luk<~; ls gqbAZ Qhth ds Hkkjrh; fxjfefV;ksa dh n'kk dk fny ngyk nsus okyk o.kZu rksrkjke th ds eq¡g ls lqudj mUgksua s mls vius 'kCnksa esa fy[k Mkyk vkSj mUgha ds uke ls iqLrd :i esa Niok;kA ^Qhth }hi esa esjs 21 o"kZ* uke dh ;g iqLrd vkdkj esa NksVh Fkh] ij mlus nwj&nwj rd viuk vlj MkykA izHkko'kkyh vaxt sz h nSfud ^yhMj* us ml ij laikndh; fy[kk] gkFkksa gkFk og ejkBh vkSj xqtjkrh esa vuwfnr gqbZ vkSj lkr leanj ikj yanu esa fczfV'k lkezkT; dh 'kkgh ifj"kn dh cSBd esa mldk mYys[k gqvkA fxjfefV;k izFkk ds mUewyu esa mldk gkFk jgkA ij mlls Hkh cM+h ckr ;g gqbZ fd mlus izoklh Hkkjrh;ksa ds iz'u esa prqonZs h th dh fnypLih txkbZ vkSj vkxs pydj muds thou dks ubZ fn'kk nhA bankSj ds ^Msyh dkyst* esa fganh i<+krs gq, mUgksua s izoklh Hkkjrh;ksa ds ckjs esa tks Hkh eqfnzr lkexzh fey ldh lc i<+ Mkyh vkSj îzoklh Hkkjroklh* uke dh 728 i`"Bksa dh iqLrd fy[kh] tks fganh esa vkSj 'kk;n reke Hkkjrh; Hkk"kkvksa esa bl fo"k; ij igyh cM+h iqLrd FkhA bldh Hkwfedk fy[kokus ds fy, os dksydkrk esa nhucaèkq lh-,Q- ,UMªt w dh lsok esa mifLFkr gq,] ftUgsa os 1914 esa gh viuk vkjk/; eku pqds FksA ,UMªt w us iqLrd dk cM+k fgLlk i<+okdj lquk vkSj cM+h izlUurk ls mldh Hkwfedk fy[k nhA**4 ^^blls lh-,Q- ,UMwªt lfgr johanuz kFk VSxksj] egkRek xka/kh dk lkfUu/; rFkk oh-,l- Jhfuokl 'kkL=h vkfn dk Lusg feykA egkohj izlkn f}osnh] x.ks'k 'kadj fo|kFkhZ vkfn dk isez mUgksua s vyx ls izkIr fd;kA**5 ^^bu egkiq#"kksa dh —ik dks mUgksua s thou dk iq.; Qy ekuk vkSj viuh f}rh; vkRedFkk dk uke gh j[kk êgkiq#"kksa dh [kkst*A**6 txnh'k izlkn prqonZs h dks fnukad 28-04-1977 dks dksV}kj ls fy[kk ,d i= - ^îkykxu! eSua s ^Qhth }hi esa esjs 21 o"kZ* dh ,d izfr Jh ifjys[k 'kks/k lanHkZ ¼bZif=dk½

vVy fcgkjh oktis;h dh lsok esa Hkst nh FkhA mudk vPNk i= vk;k gSA izoklh Hkkjrh;ksa ds fy, dqN Bksl dke djuk pkgrs gSa vkSj esjs ekxZn'kZu dh vkdka{kh gSAa **7 blls Kkr gksrk gS fd iqLrd ls izHkkfor oktis;h th rFkk vU; x.kekU; fe=ksa ls fey dj izHkko'kkyh ;kstuk ds rgr izoklh Hkkjrh;ksa gsrq dqN dk;Z djus ds fy, Je dj jgs FksA lekt lsfodk] lkfgR;dkj vkSj dykdkj] laln lnL; lR;orh efyd dh Hkh blesa vPNh Hkwfedk FkhA fdarq ljdkj izoklh Hkkjrh;ksa ds fy, D;k dj ldh\ ;g txnh'k izlkn prqonZs h dks fQjkstkckn ls fy[ks 2703-1979 ds ,d i= ls irk pyrk gS % ^^Qhth dh jktq fjiksVZ ¼Venkatapati Raju Report½ dks rRdkyhu ljdkj us Suppress dj fn;k FkkA Nikus ds ckn Hkh turk rd ugha tkus fn;kA dkyksfu;y vkWfQl dk Mj FkkA vc rks og Ni tkuh pkfg,A Nih NikbZ j[kh gSA**8 cukjlhnkl prqonZs h dk nwljk dk;Z Fkk Jethoh i=dkjksa dh fLFkfr lq/kkjuk&^^Jethoh i=dkjksa dh vkfFkZd& ckSf)d lqn”kk o mUufr ds fy, os vkthou iz;Ru'khy jgs] ftlds fy, mUgsa 1945 esa vf[ky Hkkjrh; fganh i=dkj lEesyu dk vkSj 1955 esa Hkkjrh; Jethoh i=dkj la?k dk vè;{k pquk x;kA 1952 ls 1964 rd ckjg o"kZ igys foU/; izn's k vkSj fQj e/; izn's k dh vksj ls jkT; lHkk esa jgrs gq, mUgksua s jktuhfr esa viuh tM+as tekus ds ctk; 'kghnksa ds Jk) vkSj muds ifjokjksa dks vkfFkZd lqj{kk fnykus esa viuh 'kfDr O;; dhA fnoaxr lkfgR;dkjksa dh dhfrZ&j{kk mudh lfØ; fpark dk ,d vkSj LFkk;h fo"k; FkkA**9 fQjkstkckn ls fnukad 05-07-1967 dks ckcw o`na kounkl th dks fy[kk ,d i= -- ^^,d nw l jk ys [ k lkfgR; txr dh ,d vko';drk&^NqVHkb;ksa dks izkRs lkgu* bl fo"k; ij Hkh fy[kuk pkgrk gw¡A lu~ 1928 ls ;kuh ^fo'kky Hkkjr* ds izkjaHk ls gh bl fn'kk esa dke djrk jgk gw¡ vkSj vkt fganh txr esa tks pksVh ds ys[kd ;k dfo gSa muesa dqN ^fo'kky Hkkjr* ds dkQh _.kh gSAa **10 blls Kkr gksrk gS fd budk dk;Z fo'kky Hkkjr ds ekè;e ls u,&u, lkfgR;dkj cukuk vkSj uo l`tu ds fy, izkRs lkgu nsuk gh Fkk] ftlls vkt gekjs lEeq[k fganh lkfgR;dkj o lkfgR; dk fo'kky HkaMkj gSA fganh Hkk"kk ds fy, buds fopkj MkW- izHkkdj ekpos dks fy[ks fnukad 10-01-1971 ds ,d i= esa nz’VO; gS % ^^vki tkurs gSa fd esjs fopkj jk"VªHkk"kk ds fo"k; esa vU; yksxksa ds fopkjksa ls fHkUu gSA Hkkjr dh lHkh eq[;&eq[; Hkk"kkvksa dks jk"VªHkk"kk ekurk gw¡ vkSj fdlh Hkh gkyr esa fdlh ij Hkh fganh yknuk ugha pkgrkA xq#nso ¼johanuz kFk Bkdqj½ ds os 'kCn vkt Hkh esjs dkuksa esa xw¡t jgs gSa &Why do you hang the sword of Hindi over our heads? Produce great literature and we will all

fganh txr dk orZeku usrR` o cgqr gh xyr gkFkksa esa jgk gSA** ^^They have made a mess of whole thing.^^ fouezrk ls vkSj lcdh lsok djrs gq, gh fganh lHkh Hkk"kkvksa esa vxz.kh cu ldrh Fkh] ij bruh le>nkjh fganh okyksa us ugha fn[kykbZA**11 ,d vkSj i= fQjkstkckn ls fnukad 9&7&1967 dks ckcw o`na kounkl dks fy[kk Fkk ---^^bl le; tks bZ";kZ fganh txr esa QSyh gqbZ gS] mldk dkj.k ;g Hkh gks ldrk gS fd gekjs pksVh ds ys[kd rFkk dfo vkRedsfa nzr gks x, gSAa fey&ck¡V dj [kkus dh uhfr esa mudk ;dhu ugha jgkA mudh vkykspuk djus dh t:jr ughaA Lo;a ge yksx vius dks Bhd ekxZ ij j[ks]a cl bruk gh i;kZIr gSA czt izkra cus ;k u cus ij czt tuin rks cuk gh jgsxk vkSj mldh lokZx a h.k learn Hindi.

vad&1 % tuojh] 2017

ISSN Applied

izos'kkad

98 mUufr ds fy, ge lcdks feydj dke djuk gSA ikjLifjd bZ";kZ if'peh Hkkx dk uke czt izn's k fd;k tk ldrk gS ij dsoy uke fo}s’k ls czt&lkfgR; eaMy dh tks n'kk gqbZ mllss gesa lcd ysuk j[kus ls rks dqN dke ugha py ldrkA czt dh turk esa vius gSA**12 bl i= esa ml le; dh ifjfLFkfr;k¡ lkQ >yd jgh gSa vkSj tuin ds izfr isez mRiUu djuk gSA tc rd ge yksx tks lkFk gh lkfgR;dkjksa dh lksp ls cukjlhnkl prqonZs h dk O;fFkr cqf)thoh gS]a ikjLifjd fopkj ifjorZu djds ,d nwljs ds fudV ân; HkhA vkxs 22-05-1968 ds i= esa fy[krs gSa fd&^^,d ckr vkSj ugha vkrs rc rd izkra fuekZ.k dh ckr gok esa gh jg tk,xhA ge Hkh& fganh txr ds vf/kdka'k usrk ftuds uke i=ksa esa Nirs jgrs gSa esa ls lHkh dks dqN u dqN R;kx] dqN u dqN ifjJe vius tuin vkRedsfa nzr O;fDr gSAa nwljksa dk 'kks"k.k djds viuk mYyw lh/kk ds fy, djuk iM+x s kA ftlds isl z gSa og dqN NikbZ dk dke djs]a djus esa os dq'ky gSAa ge yksx muds pDdj ls cps]a blh esa gekjk ys[kd ;k dfo dqN ys[k ;k dfork djs]a /kuoku /ku nsa vkSj dY;k.k gSA**13 bl fopkj ls dke ugha pyk vkSj cukjlhnkl 'kkjhfjd Je djus okys dqN esgur gh djsAa **17 cukjlhnkl prqonZs h prqonZs h dks vkanksyu ds fy, dej dluh iM+hA ml le; Hkh cztHkwfe dk vFkZ c[kwch le>krs gq, fy[krs gSa fd -- ^^czt dk vFkZ izdk'kd vU;k; djrs FksA ns[ksa Vhdex<+ ls fnukad 24-08-1949 dk gS&og gjh&Hkjh Hkwfe pgk¡ xÅ,¡ pjrh gSAa czt ds gjs&Hkjs ou dks lR;orh dks fy[kk i= --dk;e j[kuk vkSj ;gk¡ xks&lH;rk dk fuekZ.k djuk gS] isVªky s 18 ^^fiz; cgu] lH;rk ds vkØe.kksa rFkk vukpkjksa ls mls cpkrs gq,A** f}osnh ;qx lknj iz.kke! iqLrdksa ds fy, —rK gw¡A nksuksa dks /;kuiwod Z i<w¡xkA ds izkjaHk esa gh dfo lR;ukjk;.k th us ^Hkzej nwr* esa dgk Fkk& êkuojRu* dh Hkwfedk esa vkius esjk Hkh ftØ dj fn;k gSA iqLrd ^îfgys dS lks vc u frgkjkS ;g o`na kou] dh jk;YVh rks vkidks feyuh gh pkfg,A izdk'kdksa dh /kka/kyh ij ;kds pkjksa vksj Hk;s cgq fof/k ifjorZuA vo';eso ,d izglu fy[kk tkuk pkfg,] ij bu izdk'kdksa dks bl cus [ksr pkSjl u;s dkfV ?kus ou&dat q ] rjg ugha NksM+ nsuk pkfg,A vU;k; dks lgu djuk Hkh ,d izdkj ns[ku dks cl jfg x,] fuf/k cu lsok dat q A dh vuSfrd pht gSA nwljksa dks /kks[ks ls cpkus ds fy, Hkh mldk dgk¡ pfjgSa xÅ\**19 fojks/k vko';d gSA esjs ikl nks dsl blh <ax ds vHkh vk, gSAa cukjlhnkl prqonZs h dk ,d ize[q k dk;Z Fkk ^'kghnksa dk Jk)*A efyd th dks iz.kke!**14 blds fy, cgqr gh ifjJe djds 'kghnksa ds vkfJr ifjokjtuksa dks izdk'kdksa ds crkZo ls nqf[kr lkfgR;dkjksa dh fLFkfr bl i= ls Kkr lgk;rk igq¡pkrs FksA 'kghn pan'z ks[kj vktkn dh iwT; ekrk th dh gksrh gSA gkyr c;ka djrk gqvk ,d i= fnukad 14-03-1949 dks lR;orh {ks=h; fodkl ds fo"k; ij ,d i= ds tokc esa cukjlhnkl prqonZs h efyd ds uke ---^^Jherh txjkuh nsoh frokjh ,oa Jh lhrkjke th ckcw o`na kou nkl th dks fQjkstkckn ls fnukad 29-03-1968 ds i= frokjh dh vafre larku vktkn 28 Qjojh] 1931 dks vYÝsM ikdZ esa fy[krs gaS fd ---^^tSlk fd eSua s vius v/kZ'krkCnh okys Hkk"k.k esa dgk bykgkckn eas 'kghn gks x,A vHkkxh o`)k bl le; 70 o"kZ dh gSA Fkk] vkils eq>s cM+h&cM+h vk”kk,¡ gSAa eSa pkgrk gw¡ fd vki czt ds vktkn dk LoxZokl gksus ij flj iVd&iVd dj mlus viuh lkfgfR;d rFkk lkaL—frd {ks= ds loZJ"s B izfrfuf/k cusAa Jh }kfjdkukFk ,d vk¡[k [kks nh FkhA vktkn ds firk th Jh lhrkjke th frokjh th HkkxZo us eq>ls ,d ckj iwNk FkkA D;k dkj.k gS fd dk'kh vkxs mUuko ftys ds FksA muds LoxZokl dks Hkh 11 o"kZ chr x,A dgha c<+ xbZ vkSj eFkqjk fiNM+ xbZ\ oLrqr% dk'kh dks egkeuk ekyoh; ls dqN Hkh lgkjk ughaA ;w-ih- vkSj e/; Hkkjr dh ljdkjksa us th tSls egkiq#"k dk usrR` o fey x;k] tcfd eFkqjk bl ckjs esa iphl&iphl #i, eghus dh isa'ku nsus dh Loh—fr dbZ eghus mruh lkSHkkX;'kkyh u cu ldhA vc ge yksxksa dk drZO; gS fd tks igys eq>s Hkst nh Fkh] ij ljdkjh e'khujh dh f<ykbZ ds dkj.k vc Hkh lsok eFkqjk rFkk czt dh dj lds]a djsAa eSa rks dkQh detksj gks rd ,d iSlk Hkh ekrk th ds ikl ugha igq¡pkA tjk dYiuk dhft, x;k gw¡ T;knk ?kwe fQj ugha ldrk] ot+u dkQh ?kV x;k gS&ij ml cqf<+;k dh nqn'Z kk dhA os ,d ,slk xzke ds dksus ij jgrh gS tgk¡ vki vis{kk—r ;qod gh gSAa tks ijke'kZ le> esa vkrs tkosx a s dHkh eq[; tula[;k Hkhyksa vkSj eqlyekuksa dh clrh gSA 'kjhj ttZj gks Hkstrk jgw¡xkA**15 x;k gSA Toj vkrk gS( [kkalh Hkh gSA**20 cgqr iz;kl ls is'a ku dk iSlk iqu% {ks=h; Hkk"kkvksa ds fo"k; esa fnukad 15-05-1969 ds i= esa fy[krs feyk ckn esa ljdkj dh uhan rc [kqyh tc og i= lekpkj i=ksa esa gSa fd ^^cztHkk"kk ds fo"k; esa tks dqN vkius fy[kk gS mlls eSa iw.kZr;k Ni x,A 02-09-1978 ds i= esa fy[kk -- ^êSua s tks fpV~Bh vktkn dh lger gw¡A mnw]Z vo/kh] Hkkstiqjh rFkk canq y s [kaMh ds fy, Hkh gekjk ekrk th ds ckjs esa ¼vkidks½ fy[kh Fkh og cjkcj Ni jgh gSA ikB~; eaMy Hkjiwj iz;Ru djs] D;ksfa d cztHkk"kk lcdh cM+h cgu gS] mnwZ dh iqLrdksa esa vk xbZ gSA ml ij iafMr th us 250 #- Hksts Fks vkSj i=ksa rks ekrk HkhA esa Ni tkus ij 2]000 #- ekrk th dks fey x,A**21 bu i=ksa ls ml nqbZ fcfV;k cztHkk"kk dh gS fganh mnwZ lanq j ukjA le; dh ljdkj dh dk;Z iz.kkyh dk vuqeku yxk ldrs gSAa tsBh egyu esa cSBh] ygqjh cSBh tkb ctkjAA vktkn dh ekrk th v/kZ&fof{kIr gks pqdh FkhaA vius fiz; f'k"; varj tuinh; ifj"kn dk dke tkjh jf[k,A**16 gtkjh izlkn f}osnh dks fnukad 16-01-1971 ds i= esa viuh mikfèk;ksa {ks=h;rk dh lksp ls Hkfo"; esa gksus okys ifjorZu ds fo"k; esa fnukad ds fo"k; esa gkL; esa fy[kk & 30&12&1967 ds ,d i= esa fy[kk fd -- ^êSa Lo;a czt izkra ds vyx ^^cM+& s cM+us dh vdy vc pju yxh gS ?kklA cuus dk fojks/kh Fkk vkSj eSua s eFkqjk esa ;g ckr dgh Hkh Fkh] ij bl QksdV esa Mh-fyV- cus Jh cukjlh nklA** ckjs esa eq>s iqfufoZpkj djuk iM+k gSA eSa dksbZ jktuSfrd vkneh ugha] iqu'p % vc iwjh mikf/k;ksa ds lkFk esjk uke ;g gS&lkfgR; 'kq) lkfgfR;d rFkk lkaL—frd n`f"V ls gh fopkj djrk gw¡A yksx okpLifr ¼lEesyu½] lkfgR; okfjf/k ¼m-iz- lEesyu½] lkfgR;&ekrZM a izkra h;rk vkSj izkra isez esa Hksn ugha dj ikrsA ,slk izrhr gksrk gS fd ¼eFkqjk½] Mh-fyV- ¼vkxjk fo'ofo|ky;½] cukjlhnkl prqonZs h&Hkkjr mÙkj izn's k vkxs pydj nks Hkkxksa esa c¡Vs fcuk ugha jg ldrkA rc lk¡M+ ¼uohu th }kjk iznÙk½A**22 rFkk ;'kiky tSu dks fnukad 01-05ifjys[k 'kks/k lanHkZ ¼bZif=dk½

vad&1 % tuojh] 2017

ISSN Applied

izos'kkad 99 1971 ds ,d i= esa fy[krs gSa fd&^^bl ?kVuk dks 54&55 o"kZ gks x, vkSj lkbfVdk dks eSa fcYdqy Hkwy gh x;kA ij ik¡p&N% fnu igys ;gh mikf/k eq>s Hkh fey xbZA vc iwjh mikf/k;ksa ds lkFk esjk uke fy[k ldrs gSa & & lkfgR;&okpLifr ¼fg-lk- lEesyu½ & fo|k okfjf/k ¼mÙkj izn's kh; fg-lk- lEesyu½ & lkfgR;kpk;Z ¼fganh izpkj lHkk] gSnjkckn½ & Mh-fyV- ¼vkxjk fo'ofo|ky;½ vkSj & lkbfVdkxzLr !!!**23 lkFk gh dqN i=ksa esa gkL; jpuk Hkh nz’VO; gSA dUgS;kyky feJ ^izHkkdj* dks fnukad 28-01-1945 ds i= esa fy[kk gS& ^^1½ vki jkr dks ,d cts i= fy[krs gSa D;k fdlh Hkh fo/kqj dks uhan ugha vkrh\ 2½ vki lglk chekj iM+ x, D;k fdlh lkfgfR;d flikgh dks chekj iM+us dk vf/kdkj gS\**24 txnh'k izlkn prqonZs h dks ,d i= esa fy[kk & ^^;g tku dj [kq'kh gqbZ fd vki vkjke dj jgs gSAa ** ftruk t:jh gks mruk gh dke dhft, vkSj fganh Hkou] Jethoh i=dkj la?k ;k ns'k dh vU; fdlh Hkh eqbZ laLFkk dh fQØ er dhft,A tkus nhft, mu lcdks tgUuqe esAa cl gesa ran# q Lr vkSj nenkj cus jguk gSA dw¡Mh lksVs dks ctk vkSj ns[k Vqd dqnjr ds [ksyA NksM+ lc dkeksa dks xkfQy] Hkax ih vkSj MaM isyAA**25 ,d yk[k ls vf/kd i= fy[kus okys cukjlhnkl prqonZs h 2 ebZ] 1985 dks egkiz;k.k dj x,A vr% dfooj Jh ve`ryky prqonZs h us fy[kk gS --^^tkes usd u Bdqj lqgkrhA fiz; cukjlhnkl ygh gS fyf[k fyf[k ikrh [;krhAA ukSre Hkko&uohu ;kstuk fy[kfr u dye FkdkrhA lanq j LoPN fy[kkoV budh if<+ Nkrh mexkrhAA fganh vkS vaxjsth Hkk"kk L;kgh gw¡] }S Hkk¡rhA :ik ipkld izfr eghuk esa ;g chekjh [kkrhAA fp= [ksfpokS nwth O;k/kk tsÅ lc [kSjkrhA tc ns[kkS rc fy[kr jgr gSa buds uk fnu jkrhAA tkus dSls ;g lc budks lgt Hkko iqfl;krhA uo ys[kd uohu dfo;u dh lnk c<+kor NkrhAA ,d x/kk ds cks> Mkd bu fur izfr vkrh tkrhA buds i=u dkS laxgz yf[k rfc;r [kql gS tkrhAA ns”kHkDr] usrk] dfo] dksfon] ys[kd] Å¡ps ik¡rhA lcds i= Hkjs Vªd a u esa lq#fp lqjfPNr Hkk¡rhAA ve`r buds thou Hkj dh tbZ dekbZ FkkrhA foUnzkou tw i= c/kkbZ NkI;kS laxgz ikrhAA**26 lanHkZ 1- cukjlhnkl prqosZnh ds pqfuank i=&1] i`- 277 2- cukjlhnkl prqosZnh ds pqfuank i=&1] vkoj.k 3- cukjlhnkl prqosZnh ds pqfuank i=&1] i`- 15 4- cukjlhnkl prqosZnh ds pqfuank i=&1] i`- 15 5- cukjlhnkl prqosZnh ds pqfuank i=&1] vkoj.k 6- cukjlhnkl prqosZnh ds pqfuank i=&1] vkoj.k 7- cukjlhnkl prqosZnh ds pqfuank i=&1] i`- 141 8- cukjlhnkl prqosZnh ds pqfuank i=&1] i`- 145 9- cukjlhnkl prqosZnh ds pqfuank i=&1] vkoj.k 10- cukjlhnkl prqosZnh ds pqfuank i=&1] i`- 276 11- cukjlhnkl prqosZnh ds pqfuank i=&1] i`- 256 12- cukjlhnkl prqosZnh ds pqfuank i=&1] i`- 284 13- cukjlhnkl prqosZnh ds pqfuank i=&1] i`- 286 14- cukjlhnkl prqosZnh ds pqfuank i=&1] i`- 480 15- cukjlhnkl prqosZnh ds pqfuank i=&1] i`- 63 16- cukjlhnkl prqosZnh ds pqfuank i=&1] i`- 330

ifjys[k 'kks/k lanHkZ ¼bZif=dk½

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cukjlhnkl cukjlhnkl cukjlhnkl cukjlhnkl cukjlhnkl cukjlhnkl cukjlhnkl cukjlhnkl cukjlhnkl cukjlhnkl

prqosZnh prqosZnh prqosZnh prqosZnh prqosZnh prqosZnh prqosZnh prqosZnh prqosZnh prqosZnh

ds pqfuank i=&1] i`- 49 ds pqfuank i=&1] i`- 286 ds pqfuank i=&1] i`- 286 ds pqfuank i=&1] i`- 477 ds pqfuank i=&1] i`- 493 ds pqfuank i=&1] i`- 203 ds pqfuank i=&1] i`- 311 ds pqfuank i=&1] i`- 45 ds pqfuank i=&1] i`- 155 ds pqfuank i=] 'kqHkk”kalk

lqnkek ikaMs /kwfey mls ekywe gS fd 'kCnksa ds ihNs fdrus psgjs uaxs gks pqds gSa vkSj gR;k vc yksxksa dh #fp ugha] vknr cu pqdh gS og fdlh x¡okj vkneh dh Åc ls iSnk gqbZ Fkh vkSj ,d i<+s&fy[ks vkneh ds lkFk 'kgj esa pyh x;h ,d laiw.kZ L=h gksus ds igys gh xHkkZ/kku fd fØ;k ls xqtjrs gq, mlus tkuk fd I;kj ?kuh vkcknh okyh cfLr;ksa esa edku dh ryk'k gS yxkrkj ckfj'k esa Hkhxrs gq, mlus tkuk fd gj yM+dh rhljs xHkZikr ds ckn /keZ'kkyk gks tkrh gS vkSj dfork gj rhljs ikB ds ckn ugha] vc ogk¡ vFkZ [kkstuk O;FkZ gS is'ksoj Hkk"kk ds rLdj&ladsrksa vkSj cSyeqÙkh bckjrksa esa vFkZ [kkstuk O;FkZ gS gk¡] vxj gks lds rks cxy ds xqtjrs gq, vkneh ls dgks] yks] ;g jgk rqEgkjk psgjk] ;g tqywl ds ihNs fxj iM+k Fkk bl oDr bruk gh dkQh gS og cgqr igys dh ckr gS tc dgha fdlh futZu esa vkfne i'kqrk ph[+krh Fkh vkSj lkjk uxj pkSad iM+rk Fkk exj vc] vc mls ekywe gS fd dfork ?ksjko esa fdlh ckS[kyk, gq, vkneh dk laf{kIr ,dkyki gS

vad&1 % tuojh] 2017

ISSN Applied

izos'kkad

100

bDdhloha lnh ds fganh miU;kl vkSj o`)koLFkk foe'kZ lkgsc gqluS ts- tgkxhjnkj dky cgqr f{kç xfr ls pyrk gSA ftl çdkj eqëh ls jsr fudy tkrh gS vkSj euq"; dks irk rd ugha pyrk] mlh çdkj dky Hkh euq"; dks vkHkkl fd, fcuk fujarj vxzlj jgrk gSA ,d uotkr f'k'kq dc viuh 'kS'kokoLFkk ls ;qokoLFkk esa vkSj ;qokoLFkk ls o`)koLFkk esa igqp a tkrk gS] ;g irk gh ugha pyrkA euq"; dks 'kS'kokoLFkk ls o`)koLFkk rd igqp a us ds fy, dbZ fLFkfr;ksa ls xqtjuk iM+rk gSA ekuo&fodkl euksfoKku ds vuqlkj 0&3 o"kZ dh vk;q dks 'kS'kokoLFkk] 4&12 o"kZ dh vk;q dks ckY;koLFkk] 13&20 o"kZ dh vk;q dks fd'kksjkoLFkk] 21&40 o"kZ dh vk;q dks ;qokoLFkk] 41&65 o"kZ dh vk;q dks çkS<koLFkk rFkk 65 o"kZ ls mlds e`R;q rd o`)koLFkk gSA o`/kkoLFkk ls dksbZ cp ugha ldrk] ;g thou dk dVq lR; gS ijarq euq"; o`)koLFkk ls ?kcjk tkrk gSA bl lanHkZ esa M‚- xqjeZ dksM a k uhjtk fy[krh gS]a Þeuq"; o`)koLFkk dh dYiuk ek= ls gh Mj tkrk gS] fujk'k gks tkrk gS vkSj lc phtksa ls dVk gqvk eglwl djrk gSA dgk tk, rks og dsæa ls ifjf/k dh vkSj pyk tkrk gSA misf{kr gks tkrk gS; lekt ls] ifjokj ls vkSj ;gk¡ rd fd vius vki lsAß ¼M‚- xqjeZ dksM a k uhjtk] o`)koLFkk] hindimedia.in/ed½ ifjorZu ç—fr dk fu;e gS] ;g fu;e ekuo ij Hkh ykxw gksrk gS] ekuo dks 'kS'kokoLFkk ls o`)koLFkk rd dbZ iM+koksa dks ikj djuk iM+rk gSA og vius thou ds lkjs iM+ko cgqr gh ljy :i ls xqtkjrk gS] ijarq o`)koLFkk ,d ,slk iM+ko gS ftlesa ,d vkSj og 'kkjhfjd :i ls detksj gksrk gS] ogha nwljh vksj vius ifjokj esa viukiu vkSj lEeku dks [kksus yxrk gSA cq<k+ is dh =klnh dks ns[kdj og ekSr dks ;kn djus yxrk gSA dHkh o`)ksa dks lekt vkSj ifjokj esa lEekuh; o iwtuh; LFkku çkIr FkkA fdarq vk/kqfud ;qx ds çHkko ds dkj.k lekt ds ofj"Bksa dk lEeku /khjs&/khjs fxjrk tk jgk gSA vkt cq<k+ ik vfHk'kki çrhr gksus yxk gSA oSKkfud çxfr ds lkFk ekuo dh vkSlr vk;q c<rh tk jgh gS] ogha cq<k+ is dh leL;k,¡ Hkh c<+ jgh gSAa lalkj esa o`)ksa dh la[;k esa yxkrkj o`f) gks jgh gSA bu o`)ksa ds ckjs esa vHkh ls u lkspk x;k rks Hkfo"; dh fLFkfr Hk;kog gks ldrh gSA o`) gksuk ,d LokHkkfod ,oa lkoZHkkSfed çfØ;k gS ijarq lekt }kjk o`)ksa dh mis{kk djuk fpark dk fo"k; gSA ofj"B ukxfjdksa vFkok o`)ksa ds lac/a k esa lekt dk pfj= nksxykiu dk f'kdkj gSA ,d vksj rks fuR; mudk vk'khoknZ ysus dh ckr dh tkrh gS rFkk nwljh vksj mUgsa cks> le>k tkrk gSA o`)ksa dh mis{kk ds lanHkZ esa çks_"kHknso 'kekZ dk dFku gS] Þlekt lkfgR; vkSj laL—fr esa lnk mifLFkr jgus ds ckotwn o`)ksa dh vofLFkfr dsæa dh vis{kk ifjf/k ij gh vf/kd jgh gSA cq<k+ ik vkus dk vFkZ gh gS O;fä dk dsæa ls m[kM+dj ifjf/k dh vksj tkus ds fy, foo'k gksukA dsæa ls vinLFk gksrs gh O;fä lekt dh mis{kk dk ik= cu tkrk gSAß ¼paæekSy's oj çlkn] o`)koLFkk foe'kZ] i`-10 ¼laikndh;&_"kHk nso 'kekZ½ vfHkoknu'khyL; fuR;a o`)ksilsfou%A pRofj rL; On~urs vk;qfoZ|k ;'kkscyE|A¼euqLe`fr&121&vè;k; nks½ vFkkZr~ tks O;fä vius ls cM+kas dks ç.kke ,oa mudk fuR; :i ls ifjys[k 'kks/k lanHkZ ¼bZif=dk½

vfHkoknu djrk gS] ml O;fä dh vk;q] fo|k] dhfrZ vkSj 'kfä dh o`f) gksrh gSA bl lqHkkf"kr dh ?kks"k.kk djus okys Hkkjrh; laL—fr esa o`)ksa ds fy, fo'ks"k lEeku fn;k x;k gSA le; ds lkFk ifjfLFkfr;k¡ cny xbZa vkSj vkt ;g fLFkfr gks xbZ gS fd O;fä vkSj lekt nksuksa ds fy, cq<k+ ik vfHk'kIr çrhr gksus yxk gSA cqtx q ksZa dks dHkh ikfjokfjd laifÙk ekuk tkrk Fkk] vkt ogh cqtx q Z ifjokj esa ,d cks> ds :i esa ns[ks tkus yxs gSaA oSKkfud çxfr ds lkFk tgk¡ ekuo dh vkSlr vk;q c<rh tk jgh gS] ogha cq<k+ is dh leL;k,¡ Hkh c<+ jgh gSAa vkt dgk tkrk gS fd Hkkjr ;qokvksa dk ns'k gS ysfdu og fnu nwj ugha tc Hkkjr lokZf/kd ofj"B ukxfjdksa ls Hkjk vFkkZr cw<k+ ns'k gksxkA bl lanHkZ esa M‚- eksfudk 'kekZ fy[krh gS]a ÞHkkjr esa lky 2016 rd cqtx q ksZa dh vkcknh 10-38 djksM+ ls c<dj 17-32 djksM+ gks tkus dk vuqeku gSA 2050 rd lwpdkad esa 'kkfey 96 esa ls 46 ns'kksa dh 30 Qhlnh ls T;knk vkcknh 60 o"kZ ;k blls Åij ds yksxksa dh gksxhAß¼m-haribhoomi.com/news/blog&at&senior&citizens/31119html½ dHkh o`)ksa dks lekt vkSj ifjokj esa lEeku feyrk Fkk] rc o`)koLFkk dks fdlh leL;k ds :i esa ugha ns[kk tkrk FkkA ijarq gekjh vk/kqfud lksp vkSj LokFkZi.w kZ thou 'kSyh us cqtx q ksZa dh mis{kk dh gSA cqtx q Z vkt dbZ leL;kvksa ls tw> jgs gSaA cqtx q ksZa dh leL;kvksa dks ysdj ^gsYi ,t bafM;k* uked laLFkk le;&le; ij los{Z k.k djrk gSA rktk los{Z k.k ds vuqlkj] Þ31 çfr'kr lrk, tk jgs cqtx q ksZa esa 75 çfr'kr] ifjokj ds lkFk jgrs gSAa 80 çfr'kr cqtx q ksZa dk ekuuk gS fd eqf'dyksa dh otg nksuksa ihf<+;ksa esa ,MtLVesVa u gksuk gSA 55 çfr'kr cqtx q Z vius lkFk gksuos kys vR;kpkj dh f'kdk;r fdlh ls ugha djrsA 80 çfr'kr ekeyksa esa ,slk ifjokj dh bTtr cpk;s j[kus ds fy, fd;k tkrk gSA 62 çfr'kr dk ekuuk gS fd cPpksa dks vospj dj lsfa lfVo cuk;k tk, rks eqf'dysa vklku gks tkrh gSAa ß¼la- v#.k frokjh] =Sekfld çsj.kk ledkyhu ys[ku ds fy,] i`- 06½ cqtx q ksZa dh leL;k,¡ xzkeh.k {ks= ls vf/kd 'kgjksa esa ik;h tkrh gSAa ;fn o`)ksa ds fy, lalkj dh lcls csgrjhu vkSj lalkj dh lcls [kjkc txgksa dh oSf'od jSfa dax esa fLoV~tjySM a dk uke lcls vPNh txg vkSj Hkkjr dk uke lcls [kjkc txg ds :i esa lfEefyr fd;k x;k gSA vk/kqfud gksrs Hkkjr dh cnyrh thou 'kSyh us ifjokj vkSj lekt esa egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk fuHkkusokys cqtx q ksZa dh fLFkfr dkQh n;uh; gSA o`)ksa ds lanHkksZa esa xkaoksa dh vis{kk 'kgjksa dh fLFkfr cgqr 'kkspuh; gSA dbZ laiUu ifjokjksa ds cqtx q Z rks o`)kJe dh 'kj.k ys jgsa gSa ;k mUgsa o`)kJe esa /kdsy fn;k tk jgk gSA lekt esa tc rd O;fä dk ;ksxnku jgk] rc rd og lekt dk vfHkUu vax cuk jgk vkSj tSls gh cw<k+ gks x;k] og lekt ls dV x;k vkSj dsoy ,d ^oLrq* cudj jg x;k; ,slh oLrq ftldk u dksbZ eksy gS] tks u fdlh dke dh gS vkSj ugha dqN iSnk dj ldus ;ksX;A vkt lalkj esa 'osr&v'osr] L=h&iq#"k] vehj&xjhc] Å¡p&uhp vkfn leL;k,¡ gSAa vius vfèkdkjksa ds fy, v'osr] L=h] xjhc] vkfn yM+ jgs gSAa ijarq cw<ksa ds ikl yM+us ds fy, dksbZ gfFk;kj Hkh ugha gSA o`)koLFkk ds dkj.k mUgsa vf/kdkjksa ls oafpr fd;k tkrk gS vkSj os fojks/k djrs gSa ij mudh ckr dks vulquk djds ;qok ih<+h lÙkk gfFk;k ysrh gSA tks ekrk&firk vius cPpksa dks cpiu dh t:jrksa ls ysdj dfj;j fuekZ.k vkSj 'kknh&fookg dh ftEesnkjh ogu djrs gq, viuh t:jrksa dks utjvankt dj nsrs gS]a ;g lkspdj fd cPps gh muds cq<k+ is dk lgkjk gSaA ijarq le;

vad&1 % tuojh] 2017

ISSN Applied

izos'kkad

101 q Z O;fä vklkuh ls vijkf/k;ksa dh utj esa vk tkrs gSa ds lkFk lkjk xf.kr myVk tkrk gSA ftu cPpksa dks cq<k+ is dh vdsys cqtx cSlk[kh le>rs gS]a ogha larku muds cq<k+ is esa muls NqVdkjk ik ysuk ftlds ifj.kke Lo:i pksjh vkSj gR;k,a tSlh ?kVuk,¡ c<us yxh gSAa pkgrh gSA os vius ekrk&firk dk cks> vkSj viu ,s'kks&vkjke Hkjh ;g rks dVq lR; gS] fd çR;sd tho ftlds bl lalkj esa tUe fy;k ftanxh dh lcls cM+h ck/kk le>rs gSaA ,sls cPpksa dks ;g Hkh gS] mls e`R;q Hkh fuf'pr gSA bl lPpkbZ ls eq¡g ugha eksMk+ tk a T;ksa vk;q c<rh tkfr gS] e`R;q dk le; Hkh ikl vkrk vglkl ugha gksrk fd os mUgha ek¡&cki dh cnkSyr bl ,s'kks vkjke ldrkA T;ks& dh ftanxh thus ds dkfcy gq, gSaA cPpksa ds fookg ds ckn rks tkrk gSA vr% e`R;q o`)koLFkk ds vf/kd fudV gksrh gSA volj tc s h] vius fe= vius ifjtu dh ekSr ekrk&firk dh fLFkfr vkSj Hkh fparktud gks tkrh gSA vioknksa dks Hkh ,d o`) O;fä vius iM+kl NksM+ nsa rks vf/kdrj cgq,¡ ?kj ds cqtx q ksZa dh mis{kk vkSj frjLdkj esa dk lekpkj lqurk gS] ns[krk gS rks mlds eu esa Lo;a dh laHkkfor dksbZ dlj ugha NksMr+ haA cqtx q ksZa vkSj cgw&csVksa esa lkeatL; LFkkfir u ekSr dk Hk; lrkus yxrk gSA ml Hk; ds dkj.k mlds fny dh gksus dk ,d cM+k dkj.k if'peh lH;rk dk c<+rk çHkko Hkh gSA èkMdusa c<+ tkrh gS]a og ekufld :i ls O;fFkr gks tkrk gSA s tSls mez c<rh tkfr gS mldk Hk; Hkh c<+rk tkrk gSA euq"; HkweM a yhdj.k ds dkj.k if'peh lH;rk vkSj laL—fr lkjs fo'o esa tSl& viuk çHkko Mky jgh gSA Hkkjrh; ;qok Hkh ik'pkR; lH;rk vkSj cgqr fnuksa rd thfor jguk pkgrk gS ijarq ok/kZD; ugha pkgrk] bls laL—fr dk va/kkuqdj.k dj jgs gSa tks gekjs cM+& s cw<ksa dks jkl ugha gkL;kLin crkrs gq, fcIyo ?kks"k dgrs gS]a Þo`)koLFkk dks thou dk vkrk vkSj cgw&csVksa dks ;g n[ky ugha lqgkrkA vius cPpksa }kjk otZuh;] vkoafNr] vfç; vkSj leL;kxzLr Hkkx ekuk tkrk gSA ijarq muds vkns'k dk vuqikyu u gksuk] cqtx q ksZa dks vieku çrhr gksrk ;g dVq lR; gS fd fdlh Hkh tho ds lai.w kZ thou pØ esa vafre gS] ftl ?kj dks cukus esa ,d balku viuh iwjh ftanxh yxk nsrk gS] voLFkk o`)koLFkk dh gksrh gSA vr% e`R;q ls iwoZ thou esa ;g voLFkk o`) gksus ds ckn ml mlh ?kj esa rqPN oLrq le>k tkrk gSA ifjokj vfuok;Z :i ls vkrh gSA okLro esa euq"; o`) gksus vkSj o`)koLFkk ds Hkhrj O;fäxr thou vkSj Lora=rk dh ryk'k dks çeq[krk nh dks thus ds fy, çk—frd :i ls ck/; gSAß¼www.hindiparagraph.com/ tkus yxh gS] ftlds dkj.k cPps viu cqtx q ksZa dks vius vkuane; life/paragraph&on&old&age&in&hindi language½ thou ds chp dk jksMk+ le>rs gSAa blfy, ;k rks os viu cqtx q ksZa ls dy rd Hkkjrh; lekt O;oLFkk esa eqf[k;k jgs o`)tu dk rsth ls vyx gksdj ,d Lora= nqfu;k clk ysrs gS]a ;k fQj mUgsa o`/kkJe esa gkf'k, ij pys tkus ds fy, etcwj gSAa vkt o`)koLFkk ,d dBksj q Z vfHk'kIr gSaA bl lanHkZ esa NksM+ vkrs gSAa bl vk/kqfud ;qx dh vka/kh nkSM+ esa ;qod viuk naM ds leku Hkqxrus ds fy, gekjs cqtx lq[ke; Hkfo"; cukus ds fy, 'kgjksa vkSj fons'kksa dh vksj iyk;u dj ,aFksuh ikosy dk dFku gS] Þo`)koLFkk ml vijk/k dk vR;f/kd jgsa gS| xk¡o esa cw<s+ ekrk&firk vdsyis u dk f'kdkj gksrs gSaA tc dBks j na M gS ] ftl vijk/k dks vkius fd;k gh ugha cPps fons'kksa esa ukSdjh djus gsrq pys tkrs gS]a rks viuh O;Lrrk ds gSAa ß¼www.hindiparagraph.com/paragraph on old age.½ o`)koLFkk dks oLrqr% lkekftd lac/a kksa ds bu cnyh gqbZ ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa us <ax ls dkj.k dHkh&dHkh vius ekrk&firk dh vaR;sf"V esa Hkh ugha igqp a ikrsA ;g rks lR; gS fd çR;sd balku dks ekSr vkuh gS] ijarq ;g Hkh le>us dh t:jr gS| 'kkjhfjd v'kD;rk] ekufld leL;k,¡] mruk gh lp gS fd ,slk dksbZ fuf'pr le; ugha fd ifr vkSj iRuh ijfuHkZjrk] ewY; ifjorZu] vkfFkZd ladksp] thou lkFkh dh e`R;q] dh e`R;q ,d lkFk gksA fdlh dks igys tkuk iM+rk gSA nkaiR; thou fujkfJr gksus dh vk'kadk] Hkfo"; dh vfuf'prrk] lac/a kksa dh fujFkZdrk esa vdsyk jgusokyk O;fä ,dkdhiu dk f'kdkj gksrk gSA bl dk cks/k] jkx&fojkx dk }a}] ijk,iu vkSj vyxko dh fLFkfr] voLFkk rd vkrs&vkrs vius vusdksa fe= ,oa laxh lkFkh ls fcNM+ cpiu vkSj ;qokoLFkk dh ;knksa ls tqMk vrhr çse] dke vkSj Øks/k tkrk gS| o`)koLFkk esa chekjh ,oa nq%[k&nnZ esa lsok] lgkuqHkwfr] tSlh o`fÙk;ksa dk mnkÙkhdj.k u dj ikus ls tqMh leL;k,¡ vkSj lg;ksx eq[;r% vius thou lkFkh ls çkIr gksrk gSA tc nksuksa esa ls vkè;kfRed foHkze tSls vusd i{k o`)koLFkk foe'kZ ds dqN fopj.k'khy ,d dh e`R;q gks tkrh gS] rks viuh Hkkoukvksa dk vknku&çnku] fcanq gSaA miU;kl%% fopkj fofue; og vU; yksxksa ls djus esa fgpfdpkrk gSA ,dkdhiu o`)koLFkk foe'kZ dsfa ær bDdhloha lnh ds fganh miU;kl mls ekSr dh çrh{kk ds fy, çsfjr djus yxrk gSA o`)ksa ds lEeku orZeku lanHkZ esa u dsoy Hkkjrh; lekt esa vfirq oSf'od Lrj ij dk fj'rk laifÙk ls Hkh tqMk gqvk gSA ;fn cq<k+ is esa muds ikl laifÙk o`)koLFkk ,d cM+h Hkkjh leL;k curh tk jgh gS &Lo;a o`)ksa ds q ksZa dk ije LFkku gS] rks muds cPps laifÙk ds fy, mudh lsok djrs gS]a vU;Fkk mudh fy, Hkh vkSj 'ks"k lekt ds fy, HkhA fo'o esa cqtx mis{kk gksrh gSA dHkh&dHkh rks ;g Hkh ns[kk x;k gS fd laifÙk dks gS] ijarq rsth ls cnyrs ikfjokfjd rFkk lkekftd ifjos'k esa mudk tYnh ikus gsrq vius cw<s+ ek¡&cki dk gR;k Hkh dh tkrh gSA LokFkZ LFkku yxkrkj uhps fxjrk tk jgk gSA fo'o Hkj esa c<+ jgh ?kksj vkSj ykyp dk v¡/kk vk/kqfud ekuo voS/k :i ls vius ekrk&firk çfrLi/kkZ ls uSfrd rFkk ikfjokfjd ,drk ds ewY;ksa dk iru gksrk q ksZa ij bldk çHkko vf/kd gSA thou ds vafre iM+ko dh laifÙk gfFk;k dj muls fdukjk djus vkSj mUgsa vius gky ij tk jgk gSA cqtx a la;ä q ifjokj NksMu+ s ls Hkh ugha fgpfdpkrk| ,sls Hkh dbZ cqtx q Z gSa ftuds cPps esa os csVs vkSj ifjokj ds lq[k ls oafpr gks jgs gS| q ksZa dh ns[kHkky dh leL;k dke dh ryk'k esa ns'k ds ckgj x, gSAa os vfHkHkkodksa ds fy, O;oLFkk ds rsth ls fc[kjus ds d.kZ cqtx ekfld [kpZ Hkstdj gh vius drZO; dks iwjk dj ysrs gSAa os ;g ugha vkSj Hkh fodV :i /kkj.k djrh pyh tk jgh gSA o`)ksa dh bl nqn'Z kk le>rs fd iSlk dsoy HkkSfrd vko';drk,a iwjk dj ldrk gSA iSls ij fganh miU;kl lkfgR; esa foiqy ek=k esa fy[kk lekt ds gkf'k, ls Hkkoukvksa dk eksy ugha yxk;k tk ldrkA ?kj esa vdsys thou ij iM+s o`) lekt ij fleksu n cqvk dh iqLrd ^yk fo,Yysl*s thrs gq, vfHkHkkod ;k rks volkn xzLr gks tkrs gSa ;k fQj vius ¼vksYM ,t&1977½ o`/kkoLFkk foe'kZ dh xhrk ekuh tkrh gSA mUgksua s cPpksa ls mEehn j[kuk gh NksM+ vkl&ikl dh nqfu;k dks viuk ysrs o`)ksa dh nqn'Z kk ij xgu fparu O;ä fd;k gSA fganh miU;kl gSa tks /khjs&/khjs muds thus dk ,d lgkjk cu tkrk gSA ysfdu lkfgR; esa o`) foe'kZ dks dsæa esa j[kdj chloha lnh ds vkar esa — dHkh&dHkh ;gh nqfu;k muds fy, ?kkrd fl) Hkh gksrh gS D;ksfa d ".k lkscrh dk le; ljxe ¼2000½ rFkk eerk dkfy;k —r nkSM+ ifjys[k 'kks/k lanHkZ ¼bZif=dk½

vad&1 % tuojh] 2017

ISSN Applied

izos'kkad

102 ¼2000½] rFkk fueZy oekZ dk vafre vj.; ¼2000½ ,sls l'kä miU;kl rFkk fe= ds fu/ku ds fcydqy vdsys gks tkrs gSAa bl vdsyis u ls Fks] ftlesa lekt ls dV jgs cqtx q ksZa dk nnZ fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA NqVdkjk ikus ds fy, MkDVj dh lykg ekudj os fnYyh esa vius bDdhloha lnh esa Hkh o`)tuksa dks dsæa esa j[kdj dbZ miU;klksa dk csVs ujsæa ds ikl jgus yxsA fnYyh esa vkus ds ckn ckcw tloar flag l`tu gqvkA tSls dFkkdkjksa us vius miU;klksa ds ek/;e ls lekt muds fy, dksbZ Lora= dejk ugha feyrkA mudk lkeku dejs esa esa misf{kr gksrs bl oxZ ds thou dks ijr&nj&ijr m?kkM+us dk rCnhy dh xbZ ckyduh esa j[k fn;k tkrk gSA tgk¡ ml ?kj ds dqÙks Vkeh ds lkFk jguk iM+rk gSA cgw lqu;uk ds eu esa vius llqj ds ç;kl fd;k gSA ledkyhu efgyk dFkkdkjksa esa fp=k eqnx ~ y dk LFkku cM+k egRoiw.kZ çfr dksbZ vkReh;rk ugha] dqN gS rks yksHk gS] tks e`r lkl ds xguksa jgk gSA muds ys[ku dk vkjaHk vLlh ds n'kd ls gqvkA mudk vkSj llqj dh laifÙk gMius dh vkdka{kk gSA cgw ds misf{kr O;ogkj igyk miU;kl ^,d tehu viuh* foKkiu txr dh pdkpkS/a k esa ls mudk eksgHkax gks tkrk gSA mUgsa cgw dh f>Mfd;ka vkSj rkus lquus ukjh dh fLFkfr ij çdk'k Mkyrk gSA mudk nwljk miU;kl ^vkoka* iM+rs gSAa lqu;uk vius ifr&,oa cPpksa ds fy, muds ilan dk ukjh foe'kZ dk vnHkqr vk[;ku ekuk tkrk gSA lu 2002 esa Hkkstu curh rks gS] ijarq ckcw tloar ds :fp ds vuqlkj Hkkstu ugha çdkf'kr mudk rhljk miU;kl ^fxfyxMq* ¼2002½ fo"k; dh –f"V nsrhA fiTtk] cxZj] U;wMYl] jf'k;u lykn oxSjg mUgsa ugha Hkkrs] u ls vius iwooZ rhZ miU;klksa ls fHkUu gSA Jo.k dqekj ds bl ns'k esa gte gksrs gSAa fÝt esa j[kk cklh [kkuk os [kk ugha ldrsA os viuh ekrk&firk o`)koLFkk esa ftl =kln fLFkfr dks Hkksx jgs gS]a mldk vfuPNk vius csVs ds lkeus Hkh çdV ugha dj ldrs] D;ksfa d Þos c[kwch fp=.k bl miU;kl dk dsaæh; fo"k; gSA bl miU;kl ds M‚ vfuPNk çdV djus dh vkSdkr ugha j[krsA bPNk&vfuPNk ?kjokyksa o`) ik= ckcw tloar flag vkSj duZy Lokeh ds ek/;e ls o`)koLFkk dh gksrh gSA ?kj esa vkdj jgusokyksa dh ughaAß ¼ogh] i`-39½ mez ds dh =kln fLFkfr;ka bl :i esa mdsjh xbZ gSa fd yxrk gS ;s nksuksa lkFk&lkFk euq"; dks 'kkfjfjd foo'krkvksa ls tw>uk iM+rk gSA ckcw ik= cgqr&cgqr vius vkSj igpkus gq, ls gSAa egkuxjh; i`"BHkwfe tloar flag dh ;knnk'r detksj gks tkus ds dkj.k dHkh&dHkh ij fy[ks x, bl miU;kl esa fp=k th us ftl Toyar leL;k dks dejs ds fctyh dk cVu can djuk Hkwy tkrs gS]a ;k dHkh fy¶V mBk;k gS og flQZ egkuxjksa rd lhfer ugha gS cfYd lekt ds gj [kqyh NksM+ nsrs gS]a rks cgw lqu;uk mUgsa çrkfM+r djus esa cq<k+ is esa oxZ esa fn[kkbZ nsrh gSA ^olq/kSo dqVEq cde* dk ukjk nsus okys Hkkjrh; euq"; dbZ jksxksa dk f'kdkj gks tkrk gSA ckcw tloar flag coklhj thou n'kZu esa fiNys dqN o"kksZa iwoZ rd ?kj esa cqtx q ksZa dk gksuk ;k tSls jksx ls ihfM+r gSAa [kwu fjlus ds dkj.k muds diM+s [kwu ls Hkj mudh ns[kHkky djuk xoZ ,oa lEeku dh ckr le>h tkrh FkhA tkrs gSaA vr% lqu;uk muds diM+s ugha /kksrhA cfYd mUgsa vius fdarq fons'kh lH;rk ,oa laL—fr dk vkt ds ;qok&oxZ }kjk /kMYys diM+s [kqn /kksuk iM+rk gS| ftl ckcw tloar flag voekuuk dh ls va/kkuqdj.k ds dkj.k bZ'oj rqY; le>s tkus okys ekrk&firk dks ihM+k ls vkgr gksrs gSaA o`)koLFkk dh 'kkfjfjd foo'krkvksa ls cPpksa dh mis{kk >syuh iM jgh gS| vktdy o`) yksxksa dk ?kj esa ckj&ckj csVk&cgw ds lkeus yfTtr gksuk iM+rk gS] dHkh ik;tkes jguk vfHk'kki ;k ca/ku lk yxus yxk gSA bldk ltho fp=.k esa is'kkc fudyk tkus ;k is'kkc djrs le; ckn esa dqN cwna ksa ds Vid tkus lsA pwdrh ughaA coklhj ds dkj.k ckcw tloar flag dks fp=k eqnxy us vius miU;kl ^fxfyxMq* esa fd;k gSA çLrqr miU;kl esa ysf[kdk us rsjg fnu dh dgkuh esa vodk'k çkIr eLlksa esa gMhlk Vîwc yxkuh iMrh gSA ,d ckj dejs dh LySfMax flfoy bathfu;j ckcw tloar flag rFkk fjVk;MZ duZy fo".kq ukjk;.k f[kMfd;ka [kqyh jg xbZ Fkh] ckcw tloar flag ik;tkek [kksy fn;k s u felst jkor dh csVh us ns[k fy;kA ckcw tloar Lokeh uked nks o`)ksa ds thou dk [kkdk çLrqr fd;k gSA miU;kl vkSj mudh iM+kl dh dFkk eq[;r: ckcw tloar flag ds ek/;e ls vkxs c<rh gS vkSj flag ij vkjksi yxk;k x;k fd felst jkor dh csVh dks ns[k ftldk iVk{ksi duZy Lokeh ds =klnh ls gksrk gSA dkuiwj ds ik;tkek [kksy fn;k gSA bl ij mudh cgw lqu;uk mUgsa çrkfM+r jgusokys ckcw tloar flag csV& s cgw ds ikl fnYyh esa vkdj jgus djus esa ,d {k.k dh Hkh nsj ugha dhA og vius llwj ls dgrh gS] yxs gSAa fnYyh ds e;wj fogkj ds ^XySDlks* vikVZeVas esa ckcw tloar Þvkf[kj ckcwth bl laHkzkra lkslk,Vh esa mudh bTtr [kkd esa flag rFkk uks,Mk ldVj&NCchl esa duZy Lokeh jgrs gSAa ckcw feykus ij D;ksa mrk: gS\a viuh mez dk fygkt fd;k gksrkA vHkh tloar flag rFkk duZy Lokeh lSj ds le; çkr%dky vuk;kl Hkh tokuh dk tks'k ckfd gks rks fnDdr dSlh\ pys tk;k djs feyrs gSa vkSj nksuksa tc&rc feyrs gSa vius lq[k&nq%[k ,d nwljs ls jsMykbZV ,fj;kA dkSu is'a ku de feyrh gS mUgsa tks mudh ekSteLrh ck¡Vrs gSAa /khjs&/khjs viuh laons uk vkSj vkReh;rk ds dkj.k varjax esa gkFk ca/ks gks\ de ls de vMksl&iMksl dh fd'kksfj;ksa ij rks utj fe= cu tkrs gSaA nksuksa ds chp vkReh;rk dk lw= fodflr gksrk u MkysaA eq¡g fn[kkus yk;d j[ksa mUgsa lkslk;Vh esAa ß ¼ogha] i`-59½ gS| vius çLFkku&fcanq iqfy;k ls nksuksa lqcg dh lSj ,d lkFk djrs okLro esa tloar flag fujijk/kh FksA gSa vkSj blh lSj esa duZy Lokeh ^fxfyxMq* dk vFkZ le>krs gS]a rHkh ek¡&cki ds leku cPps Hkh vkRe dsfa ær gks x;s gSaA vius misf{kr miU;kl dk 'kh"kZd [kqyrk gSA ßfxfy ekus fpfM+;k| fxfyxMq ekus thou esa ckcw tloar flag dks vius iksrksa dk lq[k Hkh ulhc ugha gSA fpfM+;k¡A njvly gekjh efy;kye esa dgrs gS& a fdfy dyqA geus muds iksrs ey;&fuy; ds eu esa Hkh nknw ds çfr dksbZ vknj ughaA mldk fgUnhdj.k dj fy;k gSAß1 duZy Lokeh viuh nksuksa tqMo+ k¡ Hkksxoknh laL—fr vkSj daI;wVj tfur rduhdh fodkl esa my>s gq, iksfr;ksa dks fxfyxMq dgrs gSa D;ksfa d nksuksa iksfr;k¡ fpfM+;ksa dh gh cPpksa dks fdlh dh t:jr eglwl ugha gksrhA mUgsa vius nknkth rjg pdrh Qqndrh gSAa duZy Lokeh dgrs gS]a Þysfdu esjh fxfy dh vis{kk daI;wVj gh vf/kd mi;ksxh yxrk gSA ckcw tloar flag xMq gSa esjh iksfr;k¡! pgdrh&Qqndrh] eLrh djrh] gqMnaxs epkrh vius iksrs ey;dk tuefnu iwjs mRlkg ds lkFk eukuk pkgrs gS]a dqenq uh vkSj dkR;k;uh--- mQ dSlh /keky gSa nksuks!a iwfN, erAß¼fp=k fdarq iksrs ey; us igys gh vius eEeh&ikik ds lkFk tuefnu ^eSdMksukYM* esa eukus dk dk;ZØe cuk fy;k gS] fdarq cPps ikVhZ esa eqnx ~ y] fxfyxMq] i`-&21½ dkuiqj esa lsokfuo`fÙk ds ckn bathfu;j tloar flag viuh iRuh cM+kas dks 'kkfey ugha djuk pkgrsA bl lUnHkZ esa iksrk ey; dgrk ifjys[k 'kks/k lanHkZ ¼bZif=dk½

vad&1 % tuojh] 2017

ISSN Applied

izos'kkad

103 gS] Þu u nknw! vius lkFk ge fdlh Hkh cM+s dks ugha ys tk,ax& s ikVhZ fn;kA blds ek/;e ls ysf[kdk ;g crykuk pkgrh gS fd ekrk&firk dk ân; gh gS fd viuh larku dh gj xyrh dks {kek djrk gS] cksfjax gks tk,xhAß¼ogh] i`-33&34½ csV& s cgw ls frjL—r ckcw tloar dks ,slk yxus yxrk gS fd bl dHkh eerko'k rks dHkh yksdykto'kA blds ckn duZy dh e`R;q gks ?kj esa mudh fLFkfr ^dqÙks* ds leku gS] ;gk¡ rd fd dqÙks Vkeh dks tkrh gSA bl =kln e`R;q ij felst JhokLro dk dFku gS & Þ,slh Hkh muls T;knk lEeku feyrk gSA mudk ekuuk gS fd Þbl ?kj esa dlkbZ vkSyknksa ls rks vkneh fuiwrk HkykA ges bl ckr dk dksbZ xe s cgw ,d ugha nks dqÙks gS& a ,d Vkeh] nwljk vodk'k&çkIr flfoy bathfu;j ugha fd gekjh dksbZ viuh vkSykn ugha---Aß ¼ogh]i`-&138½ csV& tloar flag! Vkeh dh fLFkfr fuLlangs mudh cfulCr etcwr gSA vktdy ftl :i esa vafre laLdkj fuiVkrs gS]a mldk Hkh volkniw.kZ mldh bPNk&vfuPNk dh ijokg esa fcNk jgrk gS iwjk ?kjA muds fp= ysf[kdk us çLrqr fd;k gSA cM+s csVs vkSj mudh iRuh ek/koh fy, fdlh dks fcNs jguk t:jh ugha yxrkA Vkeh vPNh uLy dk nkg laLdkj ds fy, caxykSj ls vk,A vU; nksuksa csVs O;oLrrk ds a ugha ik,A pkSFks ds fy, muds ikl dqÙkk gSA lkslkbVh esa muds ?kj dk #rck c<+krk gS| muds pyrs dkj.k nkg&laLdkj esa igqp mudk #rck dyafdr gqvk gSAß¼ogh] i`-96½ ckcw tloar flag ds #dus ds fy, le; ugha FkkA ysf[kdk us bl lanHkZ ds ek/;e ls ;g csV& s cgw dh utj muds dkuiqjokys ykdj vkSj ?kj ij iMrh gS] os Hkh crykuk pkgrh gSa fd vk/kqfud O;Lr thou dh folaxfr gS fd ;su&dsu çdkjs.k nksuksa dks gfFk;kuk pkgrs gSaA blesa ujsæa viuh larku ds ikl ek¡&cki ds vafre laLdkj ds fy, le; gh ugha gSA cgu 'kkfyuh dks Hkh 'kkfey dj ysrk gS| vk'p;Z fd ckr ;g gS fd euq"; fdruk vlaons u'khy curk tk jgk gS] bldh vksj Hkh ladrs 'kkfyuh Hkh vius HkkbZ dk lkFk nsrh gSA cgu 'kkyuh HkkbZ dk lkFk fd;k gSA bl gn rd nsus dks rS;kj gS fd mUgsa o`)kJe esa Mky nsus dk miU;kl dk var ckcw tloar flag ds foæksg&Hkko ls gksrk gSA çLrko firk ls bl :i esa nsrh gS] ÞHkS;k rks ;gk¡ rd lksp jgs gSa fd tloar flag viuk dkuiqj dk ?kj vkSj lcdqN ml vkReh; tgk¡ ckcwth dk eu yxs] os çlUufpÙk jgs]a mUgsa ogha j[kk tk,A ukSdjkuh lquxqfu;k¡ ds uke dj nsuk pkgrs gS]a tks thou&Hkj mudh mUgksua s irk yxk;k gS fd uks,Mk ds lsDVj ipiu esa dksbZ vkuan lsok iw.kZ fuLi`g&Hkko ls djrh jghA ckcw tloar flag dks ;g Hkh fudsru o`)kJe gS] D;ksa u muds jgus dh O;oLFkk ogha dj nh iVk gS fd vesfjdk esa tkdj clusokyk mudk iq= muds vafre a ugha ik,xk] blfy, viuh olh;r esa Li"V fy[kokuk tk,A gemezkas dh tekr esa ckcwth dk eu yxk jgsxkA HkS;k txg laLdkj esa igqp ns[k vk, gSAa os crk jgs gSa fd cgqr lqna j gSA Hkkstukfn dh O;oLFkk pkgrs gSa & Þlquxqfu;k¡ dk iq= jkejru vfHk"ksd vkljs gh mudh mÙke dksfV dh gSA mUgsa ogk¡ j[kus ds fu.kZ; ls HkS;k ij [kpZ dk dikyfØ;k djsA mls gh og vius nkg&laLdkj dk vf/kdkj ns jgs vfrfjä cks> iM+x s kA HkS;k mls lg"kZ mBkus ds fy, rS;kj gSaAß¼ogh] gSAa ß¼ogh]i`-&144½ bl miU;kl ds ek/;e ls fp=k th vkt dh ih<+h dks psrkouh nsuk i`-96&97½ q ksZa dks vuqi;ksxh miU;kl ds vafre i`"Bksa esa dFkk vpkud ,d vçR;kf'kr eksM+ ysrh pkgrh gSa fd miHkksäkoknh laL—fr ds pyrs cqtx gSA ftankfnyh ls thou thus okys duZy Lokeh ckcw tloar flag dks ekuuk NksM+ nsaA ^u lk lHkk ;= u lafr o`)kA ¼egkHkkjr] m|ksx ioZ] dgk djrs Fks Þlj] fyo ykbQ 'ksj---viuh rjg lsA viuh 'krksZa v/;k; &35] 'yksd &70½ vFkkZr~ ftl lHkk esa o`)tu ¼vuqHkoh tu½ ijAß¼ogh] i`-63½ duZy Lokeh fdrus gh fnuksa ls lSj&likVs ij ugha og lHkk ughaA ,sls egRoiw.kZ o`)tuksa dks misf{kr fd;k tk jgk vuqifLFkr FksA blls fpafrr ckcw tloar flag vkf[kj ,d fnu gS] tks cgqr gh [krjukd gSA ge ftl cht dks vkt cks jgs gS]a vkxs f=&Oghyj v‚Vks fjD'kk idMdj duZy Lokeh ds ?kj dk :[k djrs pydj og ,d fo'kky oVo`{k gksdj [kM+k gksxkA gekjk o`)ksa ds gSAa tSl& s rSls iwNrkN dj os duZy Lokeh dk ?kj <w<a ysrs gSa vkSj lkFk dk O;ogkj gekjs cPps ns[k jgs gS]a vkxs ge Hkh cw<s+ gksuos kys gS]a ogk¡ dk ;FkkFkZ ns[kdj os lUu jg tkrs gSAa duZy Lokeh dh bldk Hkh /;ku ges gksuk pkfg, vU;Fkk ^cks;s isM+ ccwy dk] veqvk q ksZa dk iM+kfs lu felst JhokLro ls mUgsa Kkr gksrk gS fd duZy Lokeh dh dgk¡ ls ik,* dh mfä ge ij Hkh ykxw gksxhA gesa ?kj esa cqtx e`R;q ckjg fnu igys gh vR;ar nq[knkbZ fLFkfr;ksa esa gqbZ gSA lkFk gh gksuk bZ'oj dk vk'khokZn le>uk pkfg,A o`)kJeksa dh la[;k esa q ifjokj dk fc[kjuk mUgsa bl dVq ;FkkFkZ dk cks/k gksrk gS fd duZy Lokeh dk thou c<+krs jh cgqr cM+k fpark dk fo"k; gS| la;ä bruk [kq'kxokj ugha Fkk ftruk os Åij ls fn[kkrs FksA felst Hkkjrh; xfjek ds fy, cM+k /kDdk gSA vkt vko';drk gS gekjs q ksZa ds vknj dh] lEeku dh vkSj muds JhokLro duZy Lokeh ds thou ds dVq ;FkkFkZ dks ckcw tloar flag lekt ,oa ifjokj esa cqtx q ksZa ds vuqHko vkSj dks crkus yxrh gSA duZy Lokeh us vius ifjokj dh tks vkn'kZ vk'khokZn dhA ;g fufoZokn lR; gS fd cqtx dgkuh ckcw tloar flag dks lqukbZ Fkh ysfdu mudh ftanxh esa lkjh vk'khokZn ls gekjk lekt ,d lgh fn'kk ik,xkA blfy, gekjs cM+s q ksZa dk vknj djuk gekjk ije drZO; gSA ckrsa Bhd mlds foijhr FkhaA muds rhu csVs gS]a fookg ds mijkar os cqtx a ^xkscj x.ks'k*] ^fdLlk vyx jgrs FksA mudh cgw vuqJh viuh Ms<+ lky dh tqMo+ k¡ csfV;ksa jes'kpaæ 'kkg ,d fl) gLr dFkkdkj gS& dks NksMdj vius u`R;xq# ds lkFk pyh xbZ gS] iksfr;k¡ ftUgsa os xqyke*] ^iwokZij*] ^vki dgha ugha jgrs foHkwfr ckcw] vkfn muds pfpZr fxfyxMq dgrs gS]a mUgsa gSnjkckn ds gkLVy esa Hkstk x;k gSA duZy miU;kl gSaA blh dM+h esa o`)koLFkk dh fLFkfr dks c;ku djrk dks iksfr;ksa ls vlhe Lusg gS vkSj os Qksu ij fujarj laidZ esa jgrs fy[kk x;k miU;kl gS & ^lQsn ijns ij*¼2006½A miU;kldkj us gSAa muds rhuksa csVksa dh fx) –f"V muds pkj dejksa okys uks,Mk ds o`)koLFkk dh ftl leL;k dks mBkus dk ç;kl fd;k gS] og ¶ySV ij gS tcfd os xkft;kckn fLFkr dherh IykV cspdj mudh Hkkjrh; lekt esa fujarj c<rh tk jgh ,d fodV leL;k gSA Hkkjr ¶ySV [kjhnus esa enn dj pqds gSAa duZy Lokeh dk ea>yk iq= tSls fodkl'khy ns'k ,e~ vkSj lalkj ds vU; ns'kksa esa Hkh o`)ksa dh q ifjokj ds <k¡ps dk pjejk tkuk bl Jhukjk;.k laifÙk ds fy, >xM+k fd;k vkSj Øq) gksdj duZy Lokeh c<rh vkcknh vkSj la;ä dh [kwc fiVkbZ dhA ygqygq ku duZy dks ^dSyk'k vLirky* esa HkrhZ leL;k dks vkSj Hkh cVk jgs gSaA o`)koLFkk esa tks rjg&rjg dh tks djk;k x;kA mUgksua s csVs ds fo#) ,Q-bZ-vkj ntZ djkus ls euk dj leL;k,¡&'kkjhfjd lkeFkZ;~ ds 'ks"k gksrs pys tkus] iRuh ds vius ls ifjys[k 'kks/k lanHkZ ¼bZif=dk½

vad&1 % tuojh] 2017

ISSN Applied

izos'kkad

104 igys fnoaxr gks tkus ij ,dkdhiu dk vkSj c<+rk na'k] vkfn tks nwljk vius&vki dks vdsyk eglwl djus yxrk gSA nkaiR; dh euq"; dks çk;% gh ?ksjs jgrh gS]a muls rks ;g miU;kl lh/ks&lh/ks p[k&p[k ds pyrs vkneh mlls futkr ikuk pkgrk gSA fdarq vc iRuh ifr ls igys pyh tkrh gS rks ogh jkr&fnu dh p[k&p[k Vdjkrk gSA çLrqr —fr ,d ckSf)d dFkk&uk;d ds ek/;e ls ml leL;k dks epkusokyh fdruh ewY;oku gks mBrh gSA ys[kd us bls cgqr gh mBkrh gS] tc Hkjs&iwjs ifjokj ds jgrs gq, Hkh dksbZ mlls vyx] ekfeZd <ax ls mBkus dk ç;kl fd;k gS] Þrw gh ftEesnkj gS esjh bl s >xM+rs fdlh o`)kJe esa ugha vfirq vius gh [kkyh ¶ySV esa csVk&cgw&iksrksa nqn'Z kk ds fy, tkUgoh! bÙkh tYnh D;k Fkh rq>\s vjs yM+r& ls vyx tkdj jgus yxrk gSA miU;kl dk vkjaHk gh bu 'kCnksa ls Hkh geus rhl&cjl dkV gh fn, Fks rks ikap nl cjl vkSj dkV gksrk gS] Þ;g o`/kkJe ugha] esjk viuk ¶ySV gS] ftls eSa us vHkh gky ysrsA dksbZ ,slk fnu ,slk ugha tkrk tcls rw xbZ& tc dksbZ u dksbZ gh [kkyh djk;k gSA rhu gtkj #i;k eghuk tks fdjk;k eq>s feyrk pht] eSa rks flQZ lqurk jgrk Fkk ;k lqudj Hkh vulquk djrk jgrk jgk gS] fiNys lkr cjlksa ls] og vc ugha feysxkA myVs] eq>h dks FkkA vc Hkh lqurk gw¡ dHkh&dHkh rsjh vkokt---Aß ¼ogh] i`-& 29½ s cgw vkSj csVh vius firk ds vyx viuh is'a ku dk dkQh cM+k fgLlk vc flQZ vius Åij [kpZ djuk bl miU;kl ds dFkkud ds csV& iM+x s k] tks vHkh rd iwjh dh iwjh esjs [kkrs esa tqMrh jgh FkhA yM+dk jgus ls fpafrr gSAa cgw dks vius llqj dh ns[kHkky dh cgqr fpark vkSj cgw nksuksa esjs bl QSlys ls grçHk gSaAß¼jes'kpaæ 'kkg] lQsn gS] blfy, og vius cpiu dh lgsyh jkejrh dks mudh ns[kHkky a jkuh ijns ij] i`-5½ miU;kl dk dFkkud êSa 'kSyh esa fy[kk x;k gSA dk ftEek lkSia rh gSA tc llqj dks iVk pyrk gS fd ukSd dFkkud êS*a Hkh ,d ys[kd gS tks mez ds okuçLFkh iM+ko ij jkejrh mudh cgw dh lgsyh gS rks og ukuk çdkj ls lkspus yxus csV& s cgw ds ifjokj ls vyx jgus ds fy, vius gh [kkyh ¶ySV esa gSa & ÞD;k&D;k dgk gksxk cgw us mlls\ ;gh uk fd ckcwth vius jgus vk tkrk gSA og ,d vksj rks lkalkfjd ek;ktky dks dkVdj iwtk&ikB] Kku&/;ku esa gh jes jgusokys vkneh gSAa irk ugha D;k ,dkarokl dk lq[k Hkksxus vk;k gS] nwljh vksj og nwljh rjg ls lud p<+h gS mu ij vdsys ml ¶ySV esa tksx jeus dh] ftlds rjg&rjg ds yksxksa dk lkfUu/; pkgrk gSA iSlBa o"khZ; ftanxh dks pyrs os gekjs brus Hkjs&iwjs ifjokj ls vyx viuh ftn Bku ds Hkksx pqdk ys[kd vyx jgus rks vk tkrk gS fdarq og csV& s cgw ds ;gk¡ jgus vk x, gSaA ns[ksa fdrus fnu pyrs gS ;g mudh ludA fo"k; ugha lksp ikrk fd muds bl çdkj pys vkus ls mUgsa rw vPNh fey xbZ jkejrh] esjh fQØ feVk nh rwusA vc rw gS gh gekjs D;k&D;k lkekftd çrkM+uk lgus iM+x s hA çdkjkarj ls miU;kldkj ckcwth dk [k;ky j[kus dks ogk¡A--- vkSj --- vkSj D;k\ ;gh] fd pk; ml leL;k dh vksj Hkh ladrs dj nsrk gS fd o`)kJeksa esa cqtx q ksZa ds ds cM+s 'kkSdhu gSaA iku Hkh pkfg, mudks fnu esa nks&rhu ckjA--- rw pys tkus ij muds ihNs NwVs ikfjokj dk Hk;k ogk lqukbZ iM+rkA ?kcjk erA oSls vPNs gSa gekjs ckcwthAß ¼ogh] i`-& 29½ dFkkuk;d miU;kl dk uk;d bl lanHkZ esa lksprk gS & Þ;gh uk fd yksx D;k dh csVh vius firk dks i= fy[kdj okil ?kj ykSVus dk vkxzg dgsx a \s fd t:j blh us viuh cstk gjdrksa ls cki dks rMik;k djrh gS& Þogk¡ eqgYys okyksa us HkS;k&HkkHkh dk thuk gjke dj Mkyk gksxkA dqN rks >xM+k&BaBk gqvk gh gksxk] ftlls rax vkds cw<k+ gSA cspkjs fdl&fdl dks dgk¡&dgk¡ vkSj dc rd ^,DlIysu's ku* a \s ß¼ogh] i`-& 97½vkt ds vk/kqfud ;qx esa okuçLFk ysuk vdsys ejus py fn;kA csVs ls Hkh T;knk nj cgw dks] fd yMds dks nsrs fQjsx rks dksbZ D;k dgsxk\ eq>h is rksger yxsxh fd llqj cks> cuk tk vViVk lk yxrk gS bl vksj ys[kd us ladrs djrs gq, dFkkuk;d jgk Fkk] blfy, Nqêh dj nh bldh blh usAß ¼ogh] i`-&11½ dh csVh eerk ds i= ds bu 'kCnksa ds ek/;e ls Li"V djrk gS] dFkkuk;d okuçLFkh dk fu.kZ; fcuk lksp& s le>s ysrk gSA okuçLFk &ÞdkSu ;dhu djsxk bl ckr ij] fd dsa foYcj ds iêk f'k";] egku dk fu.kZ; ysus dh ckr mls D;ksa lw>h\ D;k okuçLFk vkt ds ;qx euksfo'ys"kd Jheku egjk lkgc] C;wjks phQ] vkt bl bDdhloha esa çklafxd gS\ bl ij fu.kZ; ysus ds ckn fopkj djus yxrk gS & lnh esa okuçLFk ysus x, gS\a ß ¼ogh] i`-& 97½ var esa lkjs gfFk;kj ÞokuçLFk dh ckr&D;ksa lw>h eq>\s esjs vklikl ;k nwj&nwj rd Hkh Mkyrk gqvk dFkkud viuh csVh ds ?kj fQygky pyk tkrk gSA viuh tku&igpku ds fdlh Hkh vkneh dks vkt rd eSua s okuçLFk ôkuçLFk* ls iqu% ^x`gLFk* esa ykSVus dh bl dFkk dk ;gh lq[kn var ysrs ;k okuçLFk dh ckr djrs lquk&lquk\ ,d cgqr iqjkus tekus gSA dk vkn'kZ ;k O;oLFkk] tks dHkh dh yqIr gks pqdh gS] vkt ds tekus vU; miU;klksa dh rqyuk esa bl miU;kl dk dFkkud fcydqy gV dj gSA o`)koLFkk ds le; cPpksa }kjk viu ek¡&cki rFkk cqtx q ksZa dks ls ftldk dgha dksbZ esy ughaAß ¼ogh] 92½ o`)koLFkk esa euq"; lalkj dh HkhMHkkM ls nwj ,dkar pkgrk gS] bl ?kj ls ckgj djuk rFkk dksbZ u ?kVuk eq>s rsjh ;kn ugha fnyk nsrhA vksj miU;kldkj us dFkkuk;d ds lksp ds ek/;e ls Li"V djrk gS eu&gh&eu ns[krh ugha rw&vc Hkh >xM+rk jgrk gw¡ rq>lsA fcuotg] & D;k ;kstuk Fkh\ D;k dYiuk Fkh okuçLFk dh rqEgkjh\ ;gh uk] vki ls vki pyrh jgrh gS ,d varghu ftjg] ftldk dHkh dksbZ fd v[kckj] Vh-oh-] xi'ki] ikfjokfjd eksgek;k---lkjh fo?uck/kkvksa QSlyk] ugha gksrkA g¡lh Hkh vkrh gS vius Åij] gSjku Hkh gks tkrk dks ,dckjxh çs >Vd dj rqe pkSchl ?kaVs vius lkFk jgksxsAß ¼ogh] gw¡] fd ;g D;k rek'kk gS! bÙkk rks rsjs lkFk eSa dHkh ugha cksyrk FkkA i`-& 92½ Jo.kdqekj ds bl ns'k esa o`)ksa dk vknj] lEeku gksrk FkkA rw gh cksyrh jgrh Fkh] fofo/k ;kruk,a nsuk ,d vke ckr gS] ijarq cqtx q ksZa dk ?kj esa jguk bZ'oj dk vk'khokZn le>k tkrk FkkA ,slh bl miU;kl dk uk;d Lo;a ?kj NksMdj tkrk tcfd mlds lH;rkokys] mnkÙk laL—frd ns'k esa ik'pkR; ds çHkko ls o`)kJe ifjokj ds lnL; mls vR;f/kd çse] vknj rFkk lEeku nsrs gSaA bl [kqyrs tk jgs gSAa bl vksj ys[kd miU;kl ds uk;d ds bl dFku miU;kl ds lUnHkZ esa çfl) vkykspd iq"iiky flag dk dFku gS fd ds ek/;e ls Li"V djrk gS & Þvc ;w¡ rks o`)kJe D;k ;wjksi dh ;g miU;kl ^,d ckSn~f/kd dk okuçLFk* gSAß ¼iq"iiky flag] 21 oha 'krh dk fganh miU;kl] i`-&240½ ns[kk&ns[kh vius ;gk¡ Hkh ugha [kqy x, gSAa ß ¼ogh] i`-& 92½ çLrqr miU;kl esa nkaiR;&lac/a kksa ds egRo dks mtkxj fd;k gSA ân;s'k us vius miU;kl ^pkj njos'k* ¼2011½ esa o`)koLFkk dh o`)koLFkk esa ifr&iRuh esa ls dksbZ ,d Hkh igys pyk tkrk gS] rks =klnh dks pkj o`)tuksa ds ek/;e ls mtkxj djus dk ç;kl djrs ifjys[k 'kks/k lanHkZ ¼bZif=dk½

vad&1 % tuojh] 2017

ISSN Applied

izos'kkad 105 gS| a miU;kl ds pkj o`) & fparkgj.k 'kekZ] jkeçlkn] f'ko'kadj lekt esa gks jgs cnykoksa dks js[kkafdr djus dh dksf'k'k dh gSA rFkk fnyhipan ,sls ltho ik= gS]a tks gekjs vkl&iM+kl s ls mBdj miU;kl crkrk gS fd cktkjokn vkSj miHkksäkokn ds bl yksyiq &yaiV dFkk&i=ksa dh Hkwfedk fuHkk jgs gSAa ;s pjksa cqtx q Z viuksa ds lkFk le; esa ekuoh; xfjek ds ewY;ksa ds lkFk thuk yxHkx vlaHko gSA t:j jg jgs gS]a ijarq muls mUgsa dkQh f'kdk;rsa gSaA fdlh dks miU;kl çdkjkarj ls orZeku fodkl ds ihNs dh ml vlyh lpkbZ csVh&nkekn ls f'kdk;r gS] rks fdlh dks vius csV]s ukrh&iksrksa lsA dks mtkxj djrk gS] tgka ekuoh; ewY;ksa dh gR;k ,d vfuok;Z rRo a h ls lapkfyr bl le; dh Øwjrk] Hk;kogrk vkSj ewY;ghurk os dHkh mu f'kdk;rksa dks fdlh ikdZ esa cSBdj rks dHkh fdlh gSA iwt iqfy;k vkfn is cSBdj ,d&nwljs ds lkeus c;ku djrs gSaA ;s dks ,d jpukRed —fr ds ek/;e ls lkeus ykus esa ân;s'k cgqr gn f'kdk;rsa dHkh ?kj&ifjokj ls feyus okyh mis{kkvksa vkSj nqo;~Z ogkj rd lQy jgs gSAa dFkk foU;kl dks la;ksftr djus esa mUgksua s ,d ds dkj.k gS rks dHkh ih<h&varjky ds dkj.k ewY;&Lrj ij gSAa ;s ifjiDo ys[kdh; –f"V n'kkZbZ gSA iqjkuh vkSj ubZ ih<+h dh thoufLFkfr pkjksa cw<s+ ,d tSls u gksdj viuh ç—fr vkSj fetkt esa ,d&nwljs vkSj lksp dks mUgksua s lkFk&lkFk j[k fn;k gS] ftlls ewY;ksa ds ls fcYdqy fHkUu gSAa ysfdu vyx&vyx thou fLFkfr;ksa esa jgrs fo?kVu dh iwjh rLohj [kqn&c&[kqn mHkjdj lkeus vk tkrh gSA gq, Hkh mudh fu;fr ,d gSA bl –f"V ls ;g miU;kl ân;s'k dh ,d jpukRed miyfC/k gSA jkeçlkn vius ?kj esa csVh&nkekn ds lkFk jgrs gSaA /khjs&/khjs fLFkfr bu miU;klksa ds vfrfjä fueZy oekZ dk ^vafre vj.;*] jes'kpaæ ;g gks tkrh gS fd vius gh ?kj esa os ,d fuokZflr vkSj misf{kr 'kkg dk ^dFkk lukru* rFkk dk'khukFk flag dk ^jsgku ij jX?kw* thou thus dks etcwj gks tkrs gSAa vius gh ?kj esa ethZ ds eqrkfcd vkfn miU;klksa esa o`)ksa dh n;uh; rFkk fodV leL;kvksa dks ikBdksa u th ikuk vkSj viuh NksVh&NksVh bPNkvks& a t:jrksa dh Hkh iwfrZ u ls :&c&: djus dk ç;kl fd;k gS fdarq dF; dk fuoZgu nwljs gksuk mudh =klnh ds ewy esa gSA o`)koLFkk esa euq"; dk 'kjhj çdkj ls gqvk gSA bl çdkj miU;kldkjksa us o`)koLFkk ds fofo/k fu;a=.k ls cgkj gks tkrk gSA jkeçlkn cw<s+ gks pqds gS]a is'kkc dk :iksa dks viuh&viuh –f"V ls ifjyf{kr djus dk ç;kl fd;k gSA fu;a=.k esa u jguk muds 'kjhj dh foo'krk gS] fdUrq mlds fy, mUgsa viuh csVh ds lkeus tyhy gksuk iM+rk gSA is'kkc dh dqN cw¡nas fganh] ukxjh vkSj jk"Vªh;rk vU;ksU;kfJr gSA &u annqykjs oktis;h &uannq iSVa ij fxjsa u fxjs]a mldh lQkbZ esa mUgsa iwjk tksj yxkuk iM+rk gSA ;s lkjh phtsa jkeçlkn dks rjg&rjg ls ekufld d"V igq¡prh gSAa vdcj dh lHkk esa lwj ds tlqnk ckj&ckj ;g Hkk[kS in dqÙks ds dkVus ls varr% ,d fnu mudh ekSr gks tkrh gSA ij cM+k Lej.kh; fopkj gqvk FkkA f'ko'kadj csVs ds dgus ij ?kj&ckj cspdj viuk vPNk&[kklk &jk/kkpj.k xksLokeh lkekftd thou NksM+ mlds ;gka jguk Lohdkj dj ysrs gSaA mudh vly =klnh ;gha ls 'kq: gksrh gSA os vius thou ds ,dkdhiu ns'kHkk"kk dh mUufr ls gh ns'kksUufr gksrh gSA &lq/kkdj f}osnh vkSj 'kgj ds vtuch ekgkSy esa yxkrkj ?kqV jgs FksA fLFkfr ;g gS fd igys mudk Qksu fLopv‚Q crk jgk Fkk] vc m/kj ls lan's k fganh lkfgR; /keZ&vFkZ&dke&eks{k bl prq:iq#"kkFkZ dk vkrk gS fd fnl uacj Ml u‚V ,fD-tLVA Li"V gS fd misf{kr vkSj lk/kd vr,o tuksi;ksxhA vdsyk thou thrs&thrs os dky&dofyr gks x, gSAa &M &MkWkWkWkW- Hkxokunkl fnyhipan dh dFkk vkSj dk#f.kd gSA 'kknh rks gks tkrh gS ysfdu mudk oSokfgd thou 'kq: gh ugha gks ikrkA iRuh dgrh gS fd og fganh mu lHkh xq.kksa ls vya—r gS ftuds cy ij og fdlh vkSj ls çse djrh gS vkSj mlds ikl tkus dh btktr ekaxrh fo'o dh lkfgfR;d Hkk"kkvksa dh vxyh Js.kh esa lHkklhu gSA os btktr ns nsrs gSa vkSj Lo;a thou Hkj vfookfgr jgrs gSaA gks ldrh gSA cq<k+ is esa viuh ekSlh ds lkFk gS]a tks Lo;a vius cgw&csVs ls çrkfM+r &eSfFkyh'kj.k xqIr gksdj muds ikl vk xbZ gSAa ewY;ghu le; esa vius dks felfQV ikdj os vkRegR;k dh vksj vxzlj gksrs gSAa cktkjokn vkSj miHkksäkokn ok.kh] lH;rk vkSj ns'k dh j{kk djuk lPpk /keZ ;K gSA &BkdqjnÙk 'kekZ ds bl yksyiq &yaiV le; esa cki&csVksa ds lac/a kksa ds fo"k; esa fnyhipan v[kckj esa i<+h [kcj dk fooj.k bl çdkj çLrqr djrs fu"dke deZ gh loksÙZ ke dk;Z gS] tks r`fIr çnkrk gS vkSj gS]a Þ,d iq= us vius chekj o`) firk dks ?kj ls ckgj fudky fn;k O;fä vkSj lekt dh 'kfä c<+krk gSA Fkk vkSj tc og firk Fkkus esa f'kdk;r djus x;k rks nhoku us mls &iafMr lq/kkdj ikaM;s viuh vki&chrh lwuk nh Fkh fd mlds csVs us mlds u, edku ij tcjnLrh dCtk dj fy;k gS vkSj og vius bl edku esa ik¡o rd vc fganh gh ek¡ Hkkjrh gks xbZ gS&og lcdh vkjk/; gS] j[k ugha ldrk gSA fQj mls bl t~;knrh dks cnkZ'r djus dh lcdh laifÙk gSA lh[k ;g dgrs gq, nh Fkh dh tekus dh gok us vius gh cht dks &jfo'kadj 'kqDy tgjhyk cuk fn;k gSAß ¼ân;s'k] pkj njos'k] i`- 64&65½ bu rhuksa cPpksa dks fons'kh fyfi dh f'k{kk nsuk mudks jk"Vª ds dh vis{kk fpark'kj.k dk O;fäRo vf/kd thoar gSA os le; ds lPps çse ls oafpr djuk gSA nkao&isp a dks Hkh le÷rs gSa vkSj cgqr gn rd viuh ethZ ls thus dh &Hkokuhn;ky laU;klh dksf'k'k Hkh djrs gSAa ysfdu mudk ,d fnu vigj.k gks tkrk gS Hkk"kk vkSj jk"Vª esa cM+k ?kfu"V lac/a k gSA vkSj muds csVs mUgsa NqMk+ us esa dksbZ lfØ;rk ugha fn[kkrsA bu lÙkj ikj pkj cqtx q ksZa dh dFkk ds ek/;e ls ân;s'k us Hkkjrh; &¼jktk½ jkf/kdkje.k çlkn flag ifjys[k 'kks/k lanHkZ ¼bZif=dk½

vad&1 % tuojh] 2017

ISSN Applied

izos'kkad

106

fganh ij fo}kuksa ds fopkj vxj mnwoZ kyksa dh uhfr fganh ds cfg"dkj dh u gksrh rks vkt fyfi ds flok nksuksa esa dksbZ Hksn u ik;k tkrkA &ns'kjRu M MkWkW- jktsæa çlkn fganh Hkk"kk dh mUufr dk vFkZ gS jk"Vª vkSj tkfr dh mUufrA &jkeo`{k csuhiqjh cktkjokyh cksyh fo'ofo|ky;ksa esa dke ugha ns ldrhA &lai.w kkZuna Hkkjrsna q dk lkfgR; ekr`efa nj dh vpZuk dk lkfgR; gSA &cnjhukFk 'kekZ ryokj ds cy ls u dksbZ Hkk"kk pykbZ tk ldrh gS u feVkbZA &f'koiwtu lgk; vf[ky Hkkjr ds ijLij O;ogkj ds fy;s ,slh Hkk"kk dh vko';drk gS ftls turk dk vf/kdre Hkkx igys ls gh tkurk le>rk gSA &egkRek xk¡/kh fganh dks jktHkk"kk djus ds ckn iwjs iaæg o"kZ rd vaxt sz h dk ç;ksx djuk ihNs dne gVkuk gSA &jktf"kZ iq#"kksÙkenkl VaMu Hkk"kk jk"Vªh; 'kjhj dh vkRek gSA &Lokeh Hkokuhn;ky laU;klh fganh ds jk"VªHkk"kk gksus ls tgk¡ gesa g"kksYZ ykl gS] ogha gekjk mÙkjnkf;Ro Hkh cgqr c<+ x;k gSA &eFkqjk çlkn nhf{kr Hkkjro"kZ esa lHkh fo|k,¡ lfEefyr ifjokj ds leku ikjLifjd ln~Hkko ysdj jgrh vkbZ gSAa &johaæukFk Bkdqj bfrgkl dks ns[krs gq, fdlh dks ;g dgus dk vf/kdkjh ugha fd fganh dk lkfgR; tk;lh ds igys dk ugha feyrkA &M‚- dk'khçlkn tk;loky laçfr ftruh Hkk"kk,a Hkkjr esa çpfyr gSa muesa ls fganh Hkk"kk çk;% loZ= O;oâr gksrh gSA &ds'kopaæ lsu fganh us jk"VªHkk"kk ds in ij flagkulk:<+ gksus ij vius Åij ,d xkSjoe; ,oa xq#rj mÙkjnkf;Ro fy;k gSA &xksfoancYyHk iar fganh ftl fnu jktHkk"kk Loh—r dh xbZ mlh fnu ls lkjk jktdkt fganh esa py ldrk FkkA &lsB xksfoannkl fganh Hkk"kh çns'k dh turk ls oksV ysuk vkSj mudh Hkk"kk rFkk lkfgR; dks xkfy;k¡ nsuk dqN usrkvksa dk nSfud O;olk; gSA &M &MkWkW- jkefoykl 'kekZ tc ,d ckj ;g fu'p; dj fy;k x;k fd lu~ 1965 ls lc dke fganh esa gksxk] rc mls vo'; dk;kZfUor djuk pkfg,A &lsB xksfoannkl lkfgR;lsok vkSj /keZlk/kuk i;kZ;ok;h gSA &¼e- e-½ lR;ukjk;.k 'kekZ ifjys[k 'kks/k lanHkZ ¼bZif=dk½

ftldk eu pkgs og fganh Hkk"kk ls gekjk nwj dk lac/a k crk;s] exj ge fcgkjh rks fganh dks gh viuh Hkk"kk] ekr`Hkk"kk ekurs vk, gSAa &f'kouanu lgk; ekul Hkou esa vk;Ztu ftldh mrkjsa vkjrhA Hkxoku Hkkjro"kZ esa xw¡ts gekjh HkkjrhA &eSfFkyh’kj.k xqIr x| thoulaxkz e dh Hkk"kk gSA blesa cgqr dk;Z djuk gS] le; FkksMk+ gSA &lw;d Z kar f=ikBh fujkyk vaxt sz h gesa xw¡xk vkSj dwieaMd w cuk jgh gSA &cztHkw"k.k ikaM; s eSa jk"Vª dk çse] jk"Vª ds fHkUu&fHkUu yksxksa dk çse vkSj jk"VªHkk"kk dk çse] blesa dqN Hkh QdZ ugha ns[krkA &j- jk- fnokdj nsoukxjh fyfi dh oSKkfudrk Lo;a fl) gSA &egkohj çlkn f}osnh fgeky; ls lriqMk+ vkSj vackyk ls iwf.kZ;k rd QSyk gqvk çns'k fganh dk ç—r çkar gSA &jkgqy lka—R;k;u fdlh jk"Vª dh jktHkk"kk ogh Hkk"kk gks ldrh gS ftls mlds vf/kdkf/ kd fuoklh le> ldsA &vkpk;Z prqjlsu 'kkL=h lkfgR; ds bfrgkl esa dky foHkktu ds fy, rRdkyhu ço`fÙk;ksa dks gh ekuuk U;k;laxr gSA &vackçlkn lqeu fganh Hkk"kk gekjs fy;s fdlus cuk;k\ ç—fr usA gekjs fy;s fganh ç— frfl) gSA &ia- fxfj/kj 'kekZ fganh Hkk"kk ml leqæ tyjkf'k dh rjg gS ftlesa vusd ufn;k¡ feyh gksAa &oklqnos 'kj.k vxzoky Hkk"kk ns'k dh ,drk dk ç/kku lk/ku gSA &vkpk;Z prqjlsu 'kkL=h Økarn'khZ gksus ds dkj.k _f"k n;kuan us ns'kksUufr ds fy;s fganh Hkk"kk dks viuk;k FkkA &fo".kqnos ikSíkj lPpk jk"Vªh; lkfgR; jk"VªHkk"kk ls mRiUu gksrk gSA &okYVj psfuax fganh ds ikS/ks dks fganw eqlyeku nksuksa us lhapdj cM+k fd;k gSA &tgwjc['k vaxt sz h dk in fpjLFkk;h djuk ns'k ds fy;s yTtk dh ckr gSA &lai.w kkZuna fganh jk"VªHkk"kk gS] blfy;s çR;sd O;fä dks] çR;sd Hkkjroklh dks bls lh[kuk pkfg,A &jfo'kadj 'kqDy fganh çkarh; Hkk"kk ugha cfYd og var:çkarh; jk"Vªh; Hkk"kk gSA &NfoukFk ikaM; s

vad&1 % tuojh] 2017

ISSN Applied

izos'kkad

ifjys[k 'kks/k lanHkZ ¼bZif=dk½

107

vad&1 % tuojh] 2017

ISSN Applied

izos'kkad

ifjys[k 'kks/k lanHkZ ¼bZif=dk½

108

vad&1 % tuojh] 2017

ISSN Applied