presentation PP Yong Zeng

Environment Based Design A Theory for Innovative and Creative Design Yong Zeng Concordia Institute for Information Systems Engineering Concordia University, Montreal, Canada zeng@ciise.concordia.ca http://www.ciise.concordia.ca/~design

Design Lab

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Research Framework Science of Design

Design Tools

Creative Design

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Design Methodology

Rigid and structured

Conflict Creative Design

Flexible and unstructured

Performance

Mental Stress

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Creativity vs. Stress vs. Methodology Creativity Conflict A good design methodology should lead the design process in such a way that the designer’s mental stress is optimized.

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Science of Design: [To interpret phenomena in design.]

• Object of study • Logic tool • Experiment tool

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Design: object of study Designer(s) creates a product that works in an environment by using existing technologies in the environment.

Designer

Product

Environment Copyright Yong Zeng@2010

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Science of design: logical tool - A mathematics that can represent all entities and relations included in design activities.

- A group of basic laws governing all relations implied in design activities.

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Logic tool: mathematics Axioms of Objects Axiom 1. Everything in the universe is an object.

Axiom 2. There are relations between objects in the universe.

Structure Operation: Separation Operation:

⊕ O = O ∪ (O ⊗ O), ∀ O. A Θ B = (⊕ A) - (⊕ B), ∀B ⊆ A.

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Logic of design p1 → q1 p2 → q2

p p→q

q p→q

......

q

p

p→q

Deduction

Abduction

pn → qn

Induction

q p→q p Recursion

Design is a process in which new problems will emerge as a result of the solutions to the older problems.

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Logic tool: laws

Nature: N

Human Thought: M

M⊗M

N⊗N

M⊗N

⊕ W = (⊕ N) ∪ (⊕M) ∪ ( N ⊗ M) ∪ ( M ⊗ N).

N⊗M

Axioms of Human Thought Axiom 3. Human beings are bounded in rationality (Simon, 1969).

Axiom 4. Human beings do not recognize objects accurately.

Axiom 5. Causal relation is the only deterministic relation in all relations between causes and effects.

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Design State state of design: ⊕E

tn

ti

t1

t0 ⊕En ⊕Ei ⊕E1 ⊕E0 time: t

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Design Governing Equation s e ⊕ E i+1 = K i (K i (⊕ E i ) where Kis is the synthesis operator.

K ie is the evaluation operator. ⊕Ei

evaluation operator synthesis operator design solution state of design: ⊕Ei ⊕ Ω time: t Copyright Yong Zeng@2010

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Experiment Tools Protocol analysis Physiology based protocol analysis Computer simulation

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Protocol analysis

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Experimental Data: Example State

Time

Rationale

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00:00:00−00:26:00

First, I got your design problem. The first point of the design problem is that I want to make clear what the thing to be designed is. We made clear that we need to design a garbage bin…. Then I think what the environment for this garbage bin is. In which place should it be put? Like this coach car or sleeping car? Then I consider the position of the coach car…. I just draw a garbage bin very simply. I think the garbage bin is put here.

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00:26:50−00:30:00

It will affect the movement of the passenger’s legs if the garbage bin is put under the table. So the only place is under the seats. Put here . These are seats and tables.

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00:30:45−00:39:20

Then I consider whether I should install one garbage window for every seat. But I consider installing it symmetrically, which is good for the whole design….

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00:39:30−00:51:38

Now I suddenly got an idea. When the garbage passes through the channel, how to pack the garbage? I cannot let the garbage pass on the belt directly. How to design? I suddenly think about the plastic zipper on the plastic bag. Then I consider whether I should install one garbage window for every seat. But I consider installing it symmetrically, which is good for the whole design.

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00:52:00−01:07:11

Now I consider the plastic bag, namely garbage bag for the whole compartment.

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Solution

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Physiology based protocol analysis

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Data analysis

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Results • • •

Increased beta power in Fp1, Fp2: mental activity Increased theta power in Fz: increased memory load and attention Decreased alpha power in Oz: increased visual thinking, visual attentiveness

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Computer simulation

Designer

Y. Zeng and S. Yao (2009), Understanding design activities through computer simulation, Advanced Engineering Informatics. Vol.23, No.3, 294-308.

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Computer simulation

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Computer simulation Research Hypotheses (1) Formulating the design problem differently; (2) Extending synthesis knowledge; and (3) Changing the sequence of environment decomposition.

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Design Tool: [To support creative design.] • Environment Based Design (EBD)

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Design Governing Equation s e ⊕ E i+1 = K i (K i (⊕ E i ) where Kis is the synthesis operator.

K ie is the evaluation operator. ⊕Ei

evaluation operator synthesis operator design solution state of design: ⊕Ei ⊕ Ω time: t Copyright Yong Zeng@2010

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Environment Based Design

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Recursive Object Model: ROM Type

Graphic Representation Object

O

Object Compound Object

O

Constraint Relation

Relations

ξ

Everything in the universe is an object.

It is an object that includes at least two objects in it.

It is a descriptive, limiting, or particularizing relation of one object to another.

It is to connect two objects that do not constrain each other.

Connection Relation

Predicate Relation

Description

ι

ρ

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It describes an act of an object on another or that describes the states of an object.

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Fundamental Technology for EBD: Question Asking

//Function of generic inquiry process for requirements elicitation //Generic Process - Input: text; Output: ROM ROM GenericProcess( text) { //Analyze design problem through generic questions ROM ← DesignProblemAnalysis (text); // Extend design problem through domain specific questions ROM ← DesignProblemExtension (ROM); }

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Applications

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Sketch processing

Migration

3-D Modeling & Visualization

develop a natural interface so that designers can freely describe their ideas without interruption while all useful information is recorded effectively; establish a seamless integration of the sketching system and existing CAD systems.

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Curve reconstruction

Input

Output

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Secure Collaboration Mechanism

Funded by five major aerospace companies in Montreal

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Quality Management

Humanbeing

Done Document

To be done Standard

Process

Supported by the Environmental Monitoring Group, City of Edmonton

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Conclusions Science of Design

Design Tools

Creative Design

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Creativity vs. Stress vs. methodology Creativity Mental Stress

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