Veterinary College, Bengaluru Monthly e-Bulletin
Newsletter Date : 31 MAY 2015
Volume No: 4 Issue : 5
Dr. Chetan Kumar G.K, Dr. Shivakumar V and Dr. Narayana Bhat M Assistant Professor, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary College, Hassan (drchetanvet@gmail.com) Introduction Sub-acute ruminal acidosis (SARA), also known as chronic or sub-clinical acidosis, is a well-recognized digestive disorder that is an increasing health problem in most dairy herds. SARA is the consequence of feeding high grain diets to ruminant animals, which are adapted to digest and metabolize predominantly forage diets. Feeding diets that are progressively higher in grain tends to increase milk production, even in diets containing up to 75% concentrates. However, short-term gains in milk production are often substantially or completely negated by long-term compromises in cow health when high grain diets are fed. Dairy herds experiencing SARA will have a decreased efficiency of milk production, impaired cow health and high rates of involuntary culling. SARA is a concern not only for economic reasons, but also for animal welfare reasons. Lameness in dairy cows may be attributed to laminitis secondary to high grain feeding. Ruminal acidosis can be a direct human health concern as well. Low ruminal and intestinal pH due to high grain feeding increases the risk for shedding enterohemorrhagic E. coli such as 0157:H7 Ruminal pH drops below physiological levels when ruminants consume excessive amounts of rapidly fermentable (non-fiber) carbohydrates. During periods of SARA in dairy cows, lactic acid in the rumen is rarely the cause of depressed pH, unlike the acidosis condition seen in feedlot cattle. SARA results from excessive Volatile Fatty Acids (VFA) production that exceeds the ability of the ruminal papillae to absorb them. Volatile fatty acids accumulate in the rumen and, as a result, reduce ruminal pH. A common cause of SARA occurs at calving when dry cows are abruptly switched from high fibre diets to higher concentrate milking cow diets .An abrupt dietary change does not allow ruminal bacteria
Pashubandha 2015
Volume No : 4 Issue : 05
and ruminal papillae adequate time to adjust, thereby leading to the rapid production and accumulation of VFA. Another common cause of SARA is improperly balanced or mixed rations, such that effective fibre content falls below recommended levels or particle size is too small. This suppresses rumination (cud-chewing) and the production of saliva, which can buffer changes in ruminal pH. Clinical Signs :Animals experiencing SARA often do not exhibit any clear, overt clinical signs. Often, the most common clinical sign associated with SARA is reduced or erratic feed intake. Dairy cows experiencing an SARA will reduce their feed intake in order to reduce the acid load in their rumen. Cows will start eating again when ruminal pH is above 5.6. This results in erratic feed intake that often goes unnoticed in individual cows experiencing SARA, particularly in large dairy herds where cows are housed and fed in groups. Other clinical signs often observed during SARA may include: •
reduced rumination (cud-chewing)
•
mild diarrhea
•
foamy faeces containing gas bubbles
•
appearance of undigested grain (> 1/4 in. or 6 mm) in faeces. In the long term, dairy herds experiencing SARA usually exhibit secondary signs of the disease, usually 3-6 months after an episode of SARA. These secondary signs include episodes of laminitis, weight loss and poor body condition despite adequate energy intake, and unexplained abscesses. Undiagnosed, the secondary health effects of SARA can lead to high herd culling rates. SARA should be investigated as a cause, if the secondary signs are occurring for no apparent reason. Diagnosis :SARA can be a difficult condition to diagnose because its appearance is subtle. 1.Ruminal Fluid pH The only reliable and accurate diagnostic test for SARA. Collect ruminal fluid from cows within 60 days of calving, as these animals are most at risk of SARA. If more than 30% of the cows sampled have ruminal pH less than or equal to 5.5, consider the whole herd is experiencing SARA. Ruminal pH values between 5.6 and 5.8 are considered marginal. Ruminal pH values greater than or equal to 5.8 are considered normal. 2.Based on milk Fat Depressed milk-fat content is commonly used as a diagnostic tool for SARA. The basis for this is that low pH suppresses fibre digestion in the rumen and the end products of fibre digestion are necessary for milk-fat synthesis. Normal milk-fat test in Holstein dairy cows is around 3.5%, so a milk-fat test of < 3% can indicate SARA. Prevention of SARA:Once diagnostic testing has identified a dairy herd to be experiencing SARA, it is important to make the appropriate adjustments in feeding and management practices to reduce the incidence of SARA.
Pashubandha 2015 2014
Volume VolumeNo No::43 Issue Issue::05 01
1.Preconditioning microbes to handle lactate. The rapid or abrupt introduction of fresh cows to high concentrate diets should be avoided. Changes in ruminal bacterial populations when exposed to higher concentrate rations require about 3 weeks, and it is recommended that concentrate levels be increased at 5 to 7day intervals during this period to avoid SARA. The adaptation of ruminal papillae when higher concentrate diets are fed takes longer, approximately 4-6 weeks. 2.Level of Dietary Fiber: The National Research Council (2001) developed recommendations for the fibre content of lactating cow rations, with a minimum neutral detergent fibre (NDF) requirement of 27%-30% of ration dry matter (DM), with 70%-80% of the NDF being supplied from forage. Supplying 70%-80% of dietary NDF requirement from forage ensures adequate "effective" NDF (eNDF) in the ration. Diets with adequate amounts of eNDF stimulate rumination or cud chewing, which increases saliva production that buffers ruminal pH. 3.Non-Fibre Carbohydrates (NFC): A risk factor for SARA is the dietary content of readily fermentable carbohydrates like starch, sugar and pectin. Balance the dietary level and type of these NFC to prevent SARA. NRC (2001) recommends that dairy rations contain 35%-45% of ration DM as NFC. 4.Dietary buffers: Buffers such as sodium bicarbonate and sodium sesquicarbonate are commonly added to dairy rations to help manage SARA. Research indicates that these buffers increase ruminal pH. 5.Enhancing ruminal lactate utilizers. An important aspect of maintaining a stable rumen environment is maintaining a balance between lactate production and lactate utilization by bacteria that convert lactate to less dangerous VFA. Enhancing ruminal lactate utilizers reduces the risk for ruminal acidosis (particularly the acute form of ruminal acidosis). Supplementation with specific yeast strains may enhance lactate utilization within the rumen under certain dietary conditions (Dawson, 1995). 6.Avoid over-mixing or over-processing of the feed that reduces particle size and eNDF content. 7.Avoid "slug feeding" of higher concentrate rations. 8.Ensure adequate length of cut for forages and silage. Conclusion SARA is a subtle condition in most high-producing dairy herds, leading to unnecessary economic losses. Dairy cattle nutrition has advanced sufficiently over the years to avoid SARA.
Pashubandha 2015 2014
Volume VolumeNo No::43Issue Issue: 05 : 01
Dr. Madhukar and Prof. H. A. Upendra Institute of Wildlife Veterinary Research, KVAFSU, Doddaluvara, Karnataka - 571232 (madhukar262@gmail.com ) Breed standards, which specify a set of physical and behavioural properties for dog breeds guides the selection and breeding of purebreds. Hence, pedigree dogs are selected mostly based on physical appearance, completely ignoring the functional significance of the traits. Hence, as we have almost completed more than 80 years of time, after breed standards were set for the first time, in selecting the breeders, we now can appreciate an exaggeration of features or body shapes in most of the purebreds, some of which can seriously affect a dog's quality of life. In addition to increase in the dysfunctional physical traits, many pedigree breeds have an increased rate of genetic or inherited disorders as a result of selective breeding and inbreeding, leading to welfare problems with an urgent need for veterinary intervention. The extent of problems caused by pedigree dog breeding in India is not clearly known, but the evidence from many other countries points to increase in the health problems in many of the breeds due to selective breeding. The problem of breed standards Breed standards, which is a set of internationally accepted guidelines that ensures uniform physical features for a specific breed, are followed by pedigree dog breeders to produce puppies that could be registered. Hence, these standards are used as the basis for selective breeding of pedigree animals and as the criteria for judgment in the dog shows. Adhering to breed standards is prerequisite for registration of puppies. Even though some of the breed Figure 1. Cover page article by Michael D. standards are seriously compromising animalâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s quality of Lemonick in TIME magazine issue dated life, they are maintained and increasing in incidence. Dec. 12, 1994 that exposed the problems Further, breed standards does not take into account the health, welfare, fitness or temperament. With time, many breed standards relating to appearance are becoming exaggerated, e.g. selecting for even shorter legs or a more flattened face, which further compromises animal welfare. Dog shows are the major drivers of breed standards. Unfortunately, dogs are judged only in adherence to breed standards, with a minor deviation attracting a negative score. Hence, even though a dog emerges as a winner by looks, it may be having health and welfare issues, which will be further incorporated and increased into the next generation as it becomes a preferred breeder.
Pashubandha 2015 2014
Volume No :4 : 3 Issue : 05 01
Figure 2. Poster of an investigative documentary by BBC that exposed the terrible welfare effects of inbreeding due to strict adherence to breed standards. Breed standards promote inbreeding :Strict adherence to breed standards reduces the number of suitable breedable animals. This can be appreciated by a small number of breeders that are maintained by most of the breeders in India. Further, the studbook will also contain less number of registered animals for each breed. Hence, thin studbook mean that the clubs/organisation will only register dogs whose parents are registered as being members of that breed. This limits the genetic pool from which future breeding animals can be sourced. Over time, this system will reduce the genetic diversity within a breed that ultimately increase the appearance of hidden genetic problems and their prevalence, with an ultimate result of severe compromise in the welfare of all animals in future. Some breeders mate closely related animals. This is genetically and medically unsound as it increases, on average, the incidence of inherited disorders, compromises immune system function and ultimately leads to infertility. Hence, it is becoming common to find breed specific genetic disorders in increasing frequency. Recent estimates according to List of Inherited Disorders website (LIDA), which maintains breed specific genetic disease database, suggest that at least 100 genetic disorders in dogs have emerged solely due to adherence to breed standards. It is a high time for national kennel clubs and organisations to consider this issue seriously and revise the standards with specific focus on allowing a higher range for a trait, which will gradually increase the heterozygosity and ensure welfare of pedigree dogs.
Pashubandha 2015 2014
Volume VolumeNo No::43 Issue Issue::05 01
Dr. Rashmi, R., Dr. Jagadeesh. S. Sanganal and Dr. N.B. Shridhar Department of Veterinary Pharmacology & Toxicology, Veterinary College, Bengaluru (email: rashmirvet7@gmail.com) Just like human beings, dogs and cats can get stressed. Changes like a new home, a new family member, or just that annoying cat next door can cause unwanted behaviors like destructiveness, marking or urinating in the house and excessive barking or meowing. But some pet owners would rather not use drugs to treat a stressed dog or cat. So the alternative for treating abnormal behavior is pheromone-based products, which were first introduced in the U.S. in 2001. Pheromones are chemical substance released by an animal externally that serves to influence the physiology or behavior of other members of the same species. It triggers a social response in members of same species. Pheromonetherapy is defined as clinical usage of artificial pheromones in animal behavior modification. Clinically used pheromones are dog appeasing pheromone and feline facial pheromone.
Dog Appeasing Pheromone (DAP) •
Pheromones released during lactation give puppies a sense of well-being and reassurance, known as appeasing pheromones.
•
Natural dog appeasing pheromone synthesized from the inter-mammary sulcus of the lactating bitch.
•
It also helps to provide puppies a calm and secure environment and in establishing a strong bond with the mother.
Clinical uses •
Synthetic DAP used to assist young puppies in settling into their new homes.
•
Used for treating canine behavior problems like noise phobias, astraphobia (fear of thunder, lightning and fireworks), separation anxiety, car travel anxiety, territorial behavior etc
•
Management of transfer of adult dogs from familiar to unfamiliar surroundings.
•
To control stress during potentially challenging situations such as interacting with strangers or new pets.
Feline facial pheromones Cats use feline facial pheromone to mark, places and objects and persons as familiar by rubbing their face on surfaces. When left on prominent pieces of furniture, curtains, even walls, these pheromones create a calming atmosphere that reassures cats that everything is alright. If something stressful disturbs the environment, cats start exhibiting stress-related behaviors like urine marking and inappropriate scratching. •
Natural feline facial pheromone synthesized from the glands located around the mouth, chin,
Pashubandha 2015 2014
Volume No : 43 Issue : 05 01
forehead and cheeks . •
Commercial synthetic preparations are Feliway and Felifriend.
Feliway •
Synthetic analogue of F3 fraction of feline facial pheromone.
•
Used to provide a feeling of security for cats in unfamiliar or stressful situations.
•
Used for treating feline behavior problems like indoor urine marking, inappropriate scratching, reduced desire to interact or play, loss of appetite.
•
Used to relieve stress during transportation and handling.
Felifriend •
Synthetic analogue of F4 fraction of feline facial pheromone.
•
Assist in the development of an atmosphere of confidence between cats and unfamiliar people. It is applied on the palms of each hand of the operator before handling.
Pheromone drug delivery systems: Commercially, pheromone- based products are available in the form of collars, sprays, wipes and plug in diffusers. Collar :•
The pheromones are embedded in the plastic collar. The Pet body heat helps emit the odorless pheromone from the collar.
•
Collar size is adjustable with a small plastic buckle. After fitting the collar comfortably around neck, trim off the excess.
•
Collar will last up to 4 weeks. Remove the collar before bathing or shampooing Pet and replace it after the coat is dry. The collar will not work when it is wet and in windy conditions, it is less effective.
•
Duration of use must be determined by the nature/cause of the fear and according to the duration of combined behavior therapy. Do not use collar on pets with extensive skin lesions.
Diffuser :•
The diffuser should be plugged in the room where the pet spends most of its time. It covers an area of about 500- 700 sq. ft or 50- 70 m2. One vial lasts approximately for about four weeks.
•
Do not plug in behind a door, curtain or behind/underneath furniture.
Spray :•
Used on pet beds, crates, and clothing. Do not spray directly on the animal. Easy to use, the pump produces a fine mist.
•
Does not stain or affect clothing or material.
•
Shorter duration of action i.e 2-3 hours.
Wipes :•
Rub one wipe thoroughly inside the dog kennel or carrier, or directly on the dog's bedding. Apply to
Pashubandha 2015 2014
Volume No : 43 Issue : 05 01
to area until the wipe starts to dry, then dispose the wipe. Toxicity •
Pheromones are usually non-toxic and non-corrosive in nature. Hence, they can be used safely in clinical practice on pets.
•
This Pheromonetherapy has an edge over the other treatment modes by being easy to use, safe and non- toxic. Thus appeasing pheromones can be implemented for promoting well being and ameliorating the behavioral problems in farm and companion animals in a natural way.
qÁ:J£ï.©.²æÃzsÀgÀ, ¸ÀºÀ ¥ÁæzsÁå¥ÀPÀgÀÄ ¥À±ÀĪÉÊzÀåQÃAiÀÄ OµÀzsÀ±Á¸ÀÛç ªÀÄvÀÄÛ «µÀ±Á¸ÀÛç «¨sÁUÀ, ¥À±ÀĪÉÊzÀåQÃAiÀÄ ªÀĺÁ«zÁå®AiÀÄ, ºÉ¨Áâ¼À, ¨ÉAUÀ¼ÀÆgÀÄ-560024 (email :-Sridhar_vet@rediffmail.com) £Á¬ÄUÀ¼À°è ¥ÁªÉÇðà PÁ¬Ä¯É MAzÀÄ ¸ÁAPÁæ«ÄPÀ ªÀiÁgÀPÀ gÉÆÃUÀ.±ÉÃ:70 QÌAvÀ eÁ¹Û £Á¬ÄªÀÄjUÀ¼ÀÄ F PÁ¬Ä¯É¬ÄAzÀ ªÀÄgÀtªÀ£ÀߥÀÅöàvÀÛªÉ CAzÀgÉ EzÀgÀ UÀA©üÃgÀvÉAiÀÄ£ÀÄß UÀªÀĤ¸À§ºÀÄzÀÄ. ¥Àæ¥ÀAZÀzÁzÀåAvÀ ºÀgÀrgÀĪÀ
F
gÉÆÃUÀzÀ C¹Û÷évÀé 1970 QÌAvÀ ªÉÆzÀ®Ä EgÀ¯Éà E®è ªÀÄvÀÄÛ F gÉÆÃUÀzÀ §UÉÎ CµÁÖV w½¢gÀ°®è. EzÀÄ PÉ£ÉÊ£ï ¥ÁªÉÇðà ªÉÊgÀ¸ï-2 JA§ ªÉÊgÁtÄ«¤AzÀ §gÀĪÀAvÀºÀ ¸ÁAPÁæ«ÄPÀ PÁ¬Ä¯É. PÉ£ÉÊ£ï ¥ÁªÉÇðà ªÉÊgÀ¸ï-2J ªÀÄvÀÄÛ PÉ£ÉÊ£ï ¥ÁªÉÇðà ªÉÊgÀ¸ï-2© JA§ JgÀqÀÄ jÃwAiÀÄ ªÉÊgÁtÄUÀ¼À ¥Àæ¨ÉÃzsÀUÀ½AzÀ F PÁ¬Ä¯É §gÀĪÀÅzÀÄ. CzÀgÀ®Æè PÉ£ÉÊ£ï ¥ÁªÉÇðà ªÉÊgÀ¸ï-2© EzÀÄ ªÀiÁgÀPÀ gÉÆÃUÀªÀ£ÀÄßAlÄ ªÀiÁqÀĪÀ ªÉÊgÁtÄ«£À ¥Àæ¨ÉÃzsÀªÁVzÉ. EzÉà jÃwAiÀÄ PÁ¬Ä¯É ¨ÉPÀÄÌUÀ¼À°è ¦üû¯ÉÊ£ï ¥Á£ï ®ÄåPÉëÄAiÀiÁ JA§ ªÉÊgÁtÄ«¤AzÀ §gÀÄvÀÛzÉ. J®è ªÀAiÀĹì£À £Á¬ÄUÀ¼À£ÀÄß PÁqÀĪÀ F PÁ¬Ä¯É £Á¬ÄªÀÄjUÀ¼À°è CvÀåAvÀ ªÀiÁgÀPÀ. PÉ®ªÀÅ £Á¬ÄªÀÄjUÀ¼À°è ªÁ¸À£ÁAiÀÄÄPÀÛ gÀPÀÛ ¨Éâü¬ÄAzÀ PÀÆrzÀ gÉÆÃUÀ®PÀëtUÀ¼ÀļÀî F PÁ¬Ä¯É CªÀÅUÀ¼À°è ¸ÁªÀ£ÀÄß vÀgÀÄvÀÛzÉ. PÉ®ªÉǪÉÄä ºÀÈzÀAiÀÄzÀ vÉÆAzÀgɬÄAzÀ ¸ÀºÀ £Á¬ÄªÀÄjUÀ¼ÀÄ F PÁ¬Ä¯ÉAiÀÄ°è ¸ÁªÀ£ÀߥÀ৺ÀÄzÁzÀgÀÆ EzÀÄ «gÀ¼À. gÁmï «Ã®gï ªÀÄvÀÄÛ qÁ§gï ªÀÄ£ï ªÀÄvÀÄÛ EvÀgÀ £Á¬ÄUÀ¼À£ÀÄß wêÀæªÁV ¨Á¢ü¸ÀĪÀ F PÁ¬Ä¯É gÉÆÃUÀ ©Ã¢£Á¬ÄUÀ¼À°èAiÀÄÆ ¸ÀºÀ ºÉaÑ£À ¸ÁªÀ£ÀÄß vÀgÀÄvÀÛzÉ. ¥ÁªÉÇðà ªÉÊgÁtÄ UÁ½¬ÄAzÀ, ¥ÀgÀ¸ÀàgÀ ¸ÀA¥ÀPÀð¢AzÀ MAzÀÄ £Á¬Ä¬ÄAzÀ ªÀÄvÉÆÛAzÀÄ £Á¬ÄUÉ ºÀgÀqÀÄvÀÛzÉ. MAzÀÄ ¸À® zÉúÀªÀ£ÀÄß ¥ÀæªÉò¹zÀ ªÉÊgÁtÄ Cwà ²ÃWÀæªÁV CAzÀgÉ 4-5 ¢£ÀUÀ¼À°è wêÀævÀgÀªÁzÀ PÁ¬Ä¯ÉAiÀÄ£ÀÄßAlÄ ªÀiÁqÀÄvÀÛzÉ. ¸ÁªÀiÁ£ÀåªÁV ¥ÁªÉÇðà ªÉÊgÁtÄ ¨Á¬ÄAiÀÄ ªÀÄÆ®PÀ ¥ÀæªÉò¹ doÀgÀ, PÀgÀļÀÄ EvÁå¢ ¨sÁUÀUÀ½AzÀ gÀPÀÛªÀÇåºÀªÀ£ÀÄß ¸ÉÃj zÉúÀzÀ°ègÀĪÀ °A¥sóÁånPï UÀæAyUÀ¼À°è 4-5 ¢£ÀUÀ¼À°è ¨É¼ÀªÀtÂUÉAiÀÄ£ÀÄß ºÉÆAzÀÄvÀÛªÉ. F CªÀ¢üAiÀÄ°è £Á¬ÄªÀÄjAiÀÄÄ wêÀæ dégÀ¢AzÀ §¼À®ÄvÀÛzÉ. EzÉà ªÉüÉAiÀÄ°è PÀgÀĽ£À°ègÀĪÀ ªÉÊgÁtÄUÀ¼ÀÄ PÀgÀĽ£À°è wêÀæªÁzÀ GjAiÀÄÆvÀªÀ£ÀÄßAlÄ ªÀiÁqÀÄvÀÛªÉ. PÀgÀĽ£À ¥ÀzÀgÀzÀ°è ªÉÃUÀªÁV ¨É¼ÉAiÀÄĪÀ fêÀPÉÆñÀUÀ¼À£ÀÄß F ªÉÊgÁtÄ ¨Á¢ü¸ÀÄvÀÛzÉ. F ªÉÊgÁtÄUÀ¼ÀÄ MAzÀÄ jÃwAiÀÄ «µÀªÀ£ÀÄß ¸À櫸ÀÄwÛzÀÄÝ EzÀjAzÀ PÀgÀĽ£À ¥ÀzÀgÀªÀÅ ºÁ¼ÁV ¥ÁætÂAiÀÄ°è wêÀævÀgÀªÁzÀ ¨Éâü PÀAqÀÄ §gÀÄvÀÛzÉ. ¨ÉâüAiÀÄÄ CvÀåAvÀ ªÁ¸À£ÁAiÀÄÄPÀÛªÁVzÀÄÝ ºÀ®ªÀÅ ¸À® gÀPÀÛ «Ä²ævÀªÁVgÀÄvÀÛzÉ. ªÀÄ®zÀ°è ªÉÊgÁtÄUÀ¼ÀÄ gÉÆÃUÁtÄ zÉúÀªÀ£ÀÄß ¥ÀæªÉò¹zÀ 3-4 ¢£ÀUÀ¼À°è PÀAqÀħgÀÄwÛzÀÄÝ CªÀÅUÀ¼À ¸ÀASÉå gÉÆÃUÀ®PÀët PÁt¹PÉÆAqÁUÀ CvÀåAvÀ C¢üPÀªÁVgÀÄvÀÛzÉ. gÉÆÃUÀzÀ wêÀævÉAiÀÄÄ ªÉÊgÁtÄUÀ¼À ¸ÀASÉå ªÀÄvÀÄÛ ªÉÊgÁtÄ«£À ¥Àæ¨ÉÃzsÀªÀ£ÀÄß CªÀ®A©ü¹gÀÄvÀÛzÉ. vÁ¬ÄAiÀÄ UÀ¨sÀðPÉÆñÀzÀ°èAiÉÄà ªÀÄjUÀ¼À£ÀÄß ¨Á¢ü¸À§ºÀÄzÁzÀ F PÁ¬Ä¯É EwÛÃZÉUÉ ¤UÀ¢vÀªÁV vÁ¬ÄUÉ ºÁPÀ®àqÀĪÀ ®¹PÉAiÀÄ ¥Àæ¨sÁªÀ¢AzÀ §ºÀ¼ÀµÀÄÖ PÀrªÉÄAiÀiÁVzÉ. ¸ÁªÀiÁ£ÀåªÁV 1 jAzÀ 6 wAUÀ¼ÀªÀgÉV£À £Á¬ÄªÀÄjUÀ¼À£ÀÄß ¨Á¢ü¸ÀĪÀ F PÁ¬Ä¯É ªÀAiÀĸÁìzÀ £Á¬ÄUÀ¼À£ÀÄß PÁqÀ¨ÁgÀzÉAzÉãÀÆ E®è. DzÀgÉ CªÀÅUÀ¼À°è gÉÆÃUÀzÀ wêÀævÉ ¸Àé®à PÀrªÉÄ.
Pashubandha 2015 2014
Volume No : 43 Issue : 05 01
F PÁ¬Ä¯ÉAiÀÄ ¥ÀæªÀÄÄR gÉÆÃUÀ®PÀëtUÀ¼ÉAzÀgÉ dégÀ. CºÁgÀ w£Àߢ gÀÄ«PÉ, vÀÆPÀ PÀ¼ÉzÀÄPÉƼÀÄî«PÉ, D®¸Àå, zÀĪÁð¸À£ÁAiÀÄÄPÀÛ wêÀæ gÀPÀÛ¨Éâü, ªÁAw EvÁå¢UÀ¼ÀÄ. EzÀjAzÀ ±ÀjÃgÀzÀ°ègÀĪÀ ¤Ãj£À CA±ÀªÀÅ PÀrªÉÄAiÀiÁV ªÀÄvÀÄÛ
ªÉÊgÁtÄUÀ¼ÀÄ
ªÀÄgÀtªÀ£ÀÄߥÀàvÀÛzÉ. «zsÀªÉAzÀgÉ
¸À櫸ÀĪÀ
«µÀ¢AzÀ
ªÀÄvÉÆÛAzÀÄ
ºÀÈzÀAiÀÄPÉÌ
C®à
¸ÀA¨sÀA¢ü¹zÀ
£Á¬ÄAiÀÄÄ
¥ÀæªÀiÁtzÀ°è vÉÆAzÀgÉ.
CWÁvÀ¢AzÀ
§gÀĪÀ EzÀÄ
PÁ¬Ä¯ÉAiÀÄ
£Á¬ÄªÀÄjUÀ¼À°è
¸ÁªÀiÁ£ÀåªÁV §gÀĪÀ gÉÆÃUÀ. ºÀÈzÀAiÀÄzÀ ªÀiÁA¸ÀRAqÀzÀ fêÀPÉÆñÀUÀ¼À°è ªÉÃUÀªÁV
ªÉÊgÁtÄUÀ¼ÀÄ
¨É¼ÉzÀÄ
«µÀªÀ£ÀÄß
¸À櫸ÀĪÀzÀjAzÀ
ºÀÈzÀAiÀÄzÀ
GjAiÀÄÆvÀ GAmÁV AiÀiÁªÀÅzÉà «±ÉõÀ gÉÆÃUÀ ®PÀëtUÀ¼À£ÀÄß vÉÆÃgÀzÉà ºÀÈzÀAiÀiÁWÁvÀ¢AzÀ £Á¬ÄªÀÄjAiÀÄÄ ªÀÄgÀtªÀ£ÀߥÀÅöàvÀÛzÉ.
gÉÆÃUÀ ¦ÃrvÀ ±Áé£ÀzÀ°è gÀPÀÛ ¨Éâü
¥ÁªÉÇðà PÁ¬Ä¯É¬ÄAzÀ §¼À° aQvÉì¬ÄAzÀ ZÉÃvÀj¹PÉÆAqÀ £Á¬ÄªÀÄjUÀ¼ÀÆ ¸ÀºÀ 3-4 wAUÀ¼ÀÄUÀ¼À°è ºÀÈzÀAiÀÄzÀ vÉÆAzÀgɬÄAzÀ ªÀÄgÀtªÀ£ÀÄߥÀÅöàvÀÛªÉ. ZÉÃvÀj¹PÉÆAqÀ £Á¬ÄªÀÄjUÀ¼ÀÄ ¤¸ÉÛÃd PÀtÄÚUÀ¼ÀÄ, gÀPÀۻãÀvÉ, GzÀÝ MgÀmÁzÀ PÀÆzÀ®ÄUÀ¼À£ÀÄß ºÉÆAzÀĪÀÅzÀÄ, CfÃtð, DUÁUÉÎ ¨Éâü ªÀÄvÀÄÛ ªÀÄ®§zÀÝvÉ EvÁå¢UÀ½AzÀ §¼À®ÄwÛgÀÄvÀÛªÉ. gÉÆÃUÀ¥ÀvÉÛ ªÀiÁqÀĪÀÅzÀÄ CµÉÖãÀÆ PÀµÀ×PÀgÀªÀ®è. F ªÉÊgÁtÄ«£À «gÀÄzÀÞ ®¹PÉ ºÁQ¸ÀzÉà EgÀĪÀ vÁ¬Ä¬ÄAzÀ ºÀÄnÖzÀ ªÀÄjUÀ¼À°è F gÉÆÃUÀ ¸ÁªÀiÁ£Àå. gÉÆÃUÀ ®PÀëtUÀ½AzÀ®Æ ¸ÀºÀ gÉÆÃUÀªÀ£ÀÄß ¥ÀvÉÛ ºÀZÀѧºÀÄzÀÄ. «±ÉõÀ jÃwAiÀÄ ªÀÄ®¥ÀjÃPÉë «zsÁ£À¢AzÀ ¸ÀºÀ gÉÆÃUÀ ¥ÀvÉÛ ºÀZÀÄÑ«PÉ ¸ÁzsÀå. gÉÆÃUÀzÀ ¥ÁægÀA©üPÀ ¢£ÀUÀ¼À°è ©½gÀPÀÛPÀtUÀ¼À ¸ÀASÉåUÀ¼À°è wêÀæ E½ªÀÄÄR«gÀÄwÛzÀÄÝ MAzÀÄ ªÉÃ¼É gÉÆÃUÀ¢AzÀ ZÉÃvÀj¹PÉƼÀÄîwÛzÀÝgÉ ©½gÀPÀÛPÀtUÀ¼À ¸ÀASÉå eÁ¹ÛAiÀiÁUÀÄvÀÛzÉ. PÉA¥ÀÅ gÀPÀÛPÀtUÀ¼À°èAiÀÄÆ ¸ÀºÀ UÀt¤ÃAiÀÄ E½ªÀÄÄR PÁt¹PÉƼÀÄîvÀÛzÉ. gÉÆÃUÀ ¥ÁægÀA¨sÀªÁzÀ PÀÆqÀ¯Éà aQvÉìAiÀÄ£ÀÄß ªÀiÁrzÀ°è ¥Áæt G½AiÀÄĪÀ ¸ÁzsÀåvÉ EzÉ. ¸ÁªÀiÁ£ÀåªÁV vÀdÕ ¥À±ÀĪÉÊzÀågÀÄ EAvÀºÀ ¸ÀAzsÀ¨sÀðzÀ°è ±ÀjÃgÀzÀ°è ¤Ãj£À ªÀÄvÀÄÛ EvÀgÀ ¥ÉÇõÀPÁA±ÀUÀ¼À PÉÆgÀvÉ EgÀĪÀÅzÀjAzÀ gÀPÀÛ£Á¼ÀPÉÌ jAUÀ¸ïð
¯ÁåPÉÖÃmï
ªÀÄwÛvÀgÀ
¨ÁåQÖjAiÀiÁUÀ½AzÀ®Æ
¸ÀºÀ
CªÀ±ÀåPÀ
¸ÉÆÃAPÀÄ
ZÀÄZÀÄѪÀÄzÀÄÝ vÀUÀ®ÄªÀ
¤ÃqÀÄvÁÛgÉ.
¸ÁzsÀåvÉ
ªÉÊgÁtÄUÀ¼À
gÉÆÃUÀ¨ÁzsÉAiÀÄ°è
¸ÁªÀiÁ£ÀåªÁV
EgÀĪÀÅzÀjAzÀ
fêÀ¤gÉÆÃzsÀPÀUÀ¼À CªÀ±ÀåPÀvÉAiÀÄÆ ¸ÀºÀ EzÉ. gÀPÀÛ ¨Éâü EzÁÝUÀ CzÀPÉÌ vÀPÀÌ OµÀ¢üAiÀÄ£ÀÄß ¸ÀºÀ ¤ÃqÀ¨ÉÃPÁ¢ÃvÀÄ. gÉÆÃUÀ §AzÀ £ÀAvÀgÀ ¥ÀgÀzÁqÀĪÀzÀQÌAvÀ F gÉÆÃUÀ ¨ÁgÀzÀAvÉ ªÀÄÄ£ÉßZÀÑjPÉ vÉUÉzÀÄPÉƼÀÄîªÀÅzÀÄ Cwà GvÀÛªÀÄ PÉ®¸À. ®¹PÁ PÁAiÀÄðPÀæªÀĪÀ£ÀÄß ¤UÀ¢vÀ ¸ÀªÀÄAiÀÄzÀ°è ¥ÀÇgÉʹzÀgÉ CzÀjAzÀ gÉÆÃUÀ vÀqÉUÀlÖ§ºÀÄzÀÄ.F gÉÆÃUÀªÀ£ÀÄß vÀqÉUÀlÖ®Ä ¥ÀjuÁªÀÄPÁj ®¹PÉUÀ½ªÉ. ¥ÁªÉÇðà ªÉÊgÁtÄ«£À eÉÆvÉ EvÀgÀ ªÀiÁgÀPÀ ªÉÊgÁtÄUÀ½AzÀ §gÀĪÀ gÉÆÃUÀ vÀqÉUÀlÖ§®è ®¹PÉUÀ¼ÀÄ ¸ÀºÀ ®¨sÀ嫪É. F ®¹PÉAiÀÄ£ÀÄß ¸ÁªÀiÁ£ÀåªÁV £Á¬ÄªÀÄjAiÀÄÄ 6-8 ªÁgÀ ªÀAiÀĹìzÁVzÁÝUÀ ¤ÃqÀ§ºÀÄzÀÄ.
¥ÀÅ£À:
¥ÀÅ£ÀgÁªÀwð¸À¨ÉÃPÀÄ. wêÀiÁð¤¸À§®ègÀÄ.
F F
®¹PÉAiÀÄ£ÀÄß
jÃwAiÀÄ
¥ÁªÉÇðÃ
®¹PÁ
ªÉÊgÁtÄ«£À
MAzÀÄ
wAUÀ¼À
PÁAiÀÄðPÀæªÀĪÀ£ÀÄß PÁl
eÁ¹Û
£ÀAvÀgÀ
gÉÆÃUÀ ¦ÃrvÀ £Á¬Ä ªÀÄj
¥À±ÀĪÉÊzÀågÀÄ
EzÀÝ
PÀqÉ
F
®¹PÁ
PÁAiÀÄðPÀæªÀĪÀ£ÀÄß
5
ªÁgÀPÉÌÃ
¥ÁægÀA©ü¸À§ºÀÄzÀÄ. UÀ©üðt vÁ¬Ä¬ÄAzÀ ªÀÄjUÀ½UÉ F ªÉÊgÁtÄ«£À «gÀÄzÀÝ gÉÆÃUÀ ¤gÉÆÃzsÀPÀ ±ÀQÛ §A¢zÉAiÉÆà E®èªÉÇà JA§ÄzÀ£ÀÄß
vÁ¬Ä £Á¬ÄAiÀÄ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ ªÀÄjUÀ¼À gÀPÀÛzÀ°è gÉÆÃUÀ¤gÉÆÃzsÀPÀ
¥ÀæwfêÀPÉÆñÀUÀ¼À ªÀÄlÖªÀ£ÀÄß ®¹PÉ ºÁQ¹zÀ
£Á¬ÄUÀ¼À°è ¥ÀjÃQë¹ £ÉÆÃqÀĪÀÅzÀÄ MAzÀÄ GvÀÛªÀÄ «zsÁ£À ±Áé£À¥Á®PÀgÀÄ D¸ÀQÛªÀ»¹zÀ°è F PÉ®¸ÀPÉÌ ¥À±ÀĪÉÊzÀågÀÄ £ÉgÀªÁUÀ§®ègÀÄ. UÀ©üðt vÁ¬ÄUÉ ®¹PÉ ºÁQ¹zÀÄÝ CzÀPÉÌ ¸ÁPÀµÀÄÖ gÉÆÃUÀ¤gÉÆÃzsÀPÀ ±ÀQÛ EzÉ JAzÀÄ w½zÀ°è ®¹PÉAiÀÄ£ÀÄß 12 ªÁgÀzÀ°è ¤ÃqÀ§ºÀÄzÀÄ.
Pashubandha 2015 2014
Volume No : 43 Issue : 05 01
MAzÀÄ ¸ÀªÀiÁzsÁ£ÀPÀgÀ CA±ÀªÉAzÀgÉ ¥ÁªÉÇðà ªÉÊgÁtÄ £Á¬Ä¬ÄAzÀ ªÀÄ£ÀĵÀå£À£ÀÄß PÁqÀzÀÄ. F gÉÆÃUÀ §gÀzÀAvÉ PÉ®ªÀÅ ªÀÄÄ£ÉßZÀÑjPÉUÀ¼À£ÀÄß ªÀ»¹zÀgÉ gÉÆÃUÀªÀ£ÀÄß ¤AiÀÄAvÀætzÀ°èqÀ§ºÀÄzÀÄ. gÉÆÃUÀ¦ÃrvÀ £Á¬ÄAiÀÄÄ EzÀÝ ¸ÀܼÀªÀ£ÀÄß Qæ«Ä£Á±ÀPÀ §¼À¹ ¸ÀéZÀÑUÉƽ¸À¨ÉÃPÀÄ. gÉÆÃUÀ ¦ÃrvÀ £Á¬ÄUÉ §¼À¹zÀ ¥ÁvÉæ,§mÉÖ EvÁå¢UÀ¼À£ÀÄß ¸ÀºÀ Qæ«Ä£Á±ÀPÀ §¼À¹ ¸ÀéZÀÑUÉƽ¸À¨ÉÃPÀÄ. DgÉÆÃUÀåAiÀÄÄvÀ £Á¬ÄUÀ¼ÀÄ gÉÆÃUÀ¦ÃrvÀ £Á¬ÄAiÀÄ ¸ÀA¥ÀPÀðPÉÌ §gÀzÀAvÉ £ÉÆÃrPÉƼÀî¨ÉÃPÀÄ. ¥ÁªÉÇðà ªÉÊgÁtÄ §ºÀ¼À ¢£À £É®,UÉÆÃqÉ EvÁå¢UÀ¼À°è §zÀÄQgÀĪÀÅzÀjAzÀ EzÀ£ÀÄß ¸ÀA¥ÀÇtð £Á±ÀªÀ£ÀÄß ªÀiÁqÀ®Ä ¸ÀÆPÀÛ Qæ«Ä£Á±ÀPÀ §¼À¸ÀĪÀÅzÀÄ ¸ÀÆPÀÛ. F J®è «zsÁ£ÀUÀ¼À£ÀÄß §¼À¸ÀĪÀÅzÀjAzÀ F PÁ¬Ä¯ÉAiÀÄ£ÀÄß ¸ÀA¥ÀÇtðªÁV vÀqÉAiÀħºÀÄzÀÄ.
qÁ.¥ÀªÀ£ï ¨É¼ÀPÉÃgÉ, qÁ.PÉ.¸ÀvÀå£ÁgÀAiÀÄt , qÁ.«.dUÀ¢Ã±Àéj, ¥À±ÀĪÉÊzÀåQÃAiÀÄ ºÁUÀÄ ¥À±ÀĸÀAUÉÆÃ¥À£Á «¸ÀÛgÀuÁ ²PÀët «¨sÁUÀ, ¥À±ÀĪÉÊzÀåQÃAiÀÄ ªÀĺÁ«zÁå®AiÀÄ, ºÉ¨Áâ¼À, ¨ÉAUÀ¼ÀÆgÀÄ-560024 ( email:-pavanbelakeri@gmail.com ) ¨sÁgÀvÀzÀ UÁæ«ÄÃt §zÀÄQ£À°è §ºÀÄvÉÃPÀ PÀÄlÄA§UÀ¼ÀÄ PÀȶAiÀÄ£ÀÄß ªÀÄÆ®ªÁVlÄÖPÉÆAqÀÄ CzÀPÉÌ ¥ÀÆgÀPÀªÁzÀ EvÀgÉ PÀ¸ÀħÄUÀ¼À£ÀÄß ºÉÆA¢¹PÉƼÀÄîvÀÛ DzsÀĤPÀvÉAiÀÄ §zÀ¯ÁªÀuÉUÀ¼À£ÀÄß zÁjUÉƽ¸ÀÄwÛgÀĪÀ ¸À¤ßªÉñÀUÀ¼À£ÀÄß PÁt§ºÀÄzÀÄ. DAiÀiÁ ¨sËUÉÆýPÀ ¥ÀæzÉñÀUÀ¼À ºÀªÁUÀÄtPÉÌ C£ÀÄUÀÄtªÁV ¸ÀĹÜgÀUÉƼÀÄîªÀ PÀȶ PÀ¸ÀħÄUÀ¼À ¥ÀgÀA¥ÀgÉAiÀÄ°è ¥À±ÀĸÀAUÉÆÃ¥À£É §ºÀ¼À ªÀÄÄRåªÁzÀÄzÀÄ, CzÀgÀ®Æè ºÉÊ£ÀÄUÁjPÉ ªÀÄÄRå ¥ÁvÀæ ªÀ»¸ÀÄvÀÛzÉ. PÀ£ÁðlPÀzÀ°è PÀAqÀħgÀĪÀ JªÉÄäUÀ¼À ¸ÀASÉåAiÀÄ°è ºÉaÑ£À ¥Á®Ä zsÁgÀªÁr JªÉÄäUÀ¼ÁVgÀÄvÀÛªÉ.
•
¸ÀܽÃAiÀÄ ºÉ¸ÀgÀÄ:- ªÀÄÄAqÀgÀV JªÉÄä , ºÉƽ¸Á® JªÉÄä, zsÁgÀªÁr JªÉÄä.
•
zsÁgÀªÁqÀ, UÀzÀUÀ, ºÁªÉÃj, «dAiÀÄ¥ÀÄgÀ ºÁUÀÆ ¨É¼ÀUÁ« f¯ÉèUÀ¼À°è ºÉaÑ£À ¸ÀASÉåAiÀÄ°è PÀAqÀħgÀÄvÀÛªÉ.
Pashubandha 2015 2014
Volume No : 43 Issue : 05 01
¥ÀæªÀÄÄR ®PÀëtUÀ¼ÀÄ: •
§ºÀÄvÉÃPÀ PÀ¥ÀÄà §tÚzÀ ªÀÄzsÀåªÀÄUÁvÀæzÀ JªÉÄäUÀ½ªÀÅ.
•
PÉÆÃqÀÄUÀ¼ÀÄ ºÀuɬÄAzÀ »AzÀPÉÌ wgÀÄV EtÂAiÀĪÀgÉUÉ ºÉÆÃV ªÀÄÄlÄÖvÀÛªÉ.
•
JgÀqÀÆ PÉÆÃqÀÄUÀ¼ÀÄ UÉÆïÁPÁgÀzÀ°èzÀÄÝ, vÀÄ¢AiÀÄ°è MAzÀPÉÆÌAzÀÄ ªÀÄÄlÄÖªÀAwgÀÄvÀÛªÉ.
•
¢£ÀªÀÇAzÀPÉÌ ¸ÀgÁ¸Àj 5-6 °Ãlgï UÀjµÀ× ºÁ®Ä PÉÆqÀ§®èªÀÅ.
•
PÀÆzÀ®Ä JzÉ, ºÉÆmÉÖ ¨sÁUÀ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ PÁ®ÄUÀ¼À°è ºÉZÁÑV PÀAqÀħgÀÄvÀÛzÉ.
ªÉÆzÀ®£É ¸ÀÆ°£À ªÀAiÀĸÀÄì ¸ÀÆ°£À CAvÀgÀ ºÁ®Ä GvÁàzÀ£É ¸ÀÆ°£À CªÀ¢ü
4-4.5 ªÀµÀð 14-16 wAUÀ¼ÀÄ 500-1500PÉ.f/ ¸ÀÆ®Ä 265-325¢£ÀUÀ¼ÀÄ
ªÁvÁªÀgÀtzÀ vÁ¥ÀªÀiÁ£ÀzÀ MvÀÛqÀ¢AzÀ JªÉÄäUÀ¼À GvÁàzÀ£Á ±ÀQÛ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ DºÁgÀ ¸ÉêÀ£É PÀrªÉÄAiÀiÁUÀÄvÀÛzÉ . ¤ÃgÀÄ PÀÄrAiÀÄÄ«PÉ, G¹gÁl ªÀÄvÀÄÛ ¨ÉªÀgÀÄ«PÉ ºÉZÁÑUÀÄvÀÛzÉ. EzÀjAzÀ ºÁ®Ä GvÁàzÀ£ÉUÉ ¨ÉÃPÁzÀ ¥Ë¶×PÁAµÀzÀ PÉÆgÀvÉAiÀiÁV E¼ÀĪÀj (±ÉÃ. 20-25) PÀrªÉÄAiÀiÁUÀÄvÀÛzÉ. F PɼÀUÉ PÁt¹zÀ CA±ÀUÀ¼À£ÀÄß PÉÊPÉÆAqÀ°è ºÁ®Ä GvÁàzÀ£É PÀrªÉÄAiÀiÁUÀĪÀÅzÀ£ÀÄß vÀ¦à¸À§ºÀÄzÀÄ. 1.PÀÄrAiÀÄ®Ä ¸ÁPÀµÀÄÖ ¸ÀéZÀѪÁzÀ ºÁUÀÆ vÀA¥ÁzÀ ¤ÃgÀÄ PÉÆqÀ¨ÉÃPÀÄ.
2.¸ÁPÀµÀÄÖ VqÀUÀ¼À£ÀÄß £ÉlÄÖ, ¨É¼À¹ E®èªÉà PÉÆnÖUÉAiÀÄ£ÀÄß ¤«Äð¹ JªÉÄäUÀ½UÉ £ÉgÀ¼ÀÄ ¹UÀĪÀAvÉ ªÀiÁqÀ¨ÉÃPÀÄ.
3. ªÀÄzsÁåºÀß ©¹®Ä ºÉZÀÄÑ EzÁÝUÀ JªÉÄäUÀ¼À£ÀÄß vÀA¥ÁzÀ eÁUÀzÀ°è PÀlÄÖªÀÅzÀÄ GvÀÛªÀÄ.
Pashubandha 2015 2014
Volume No : 43 Issue : 05 01
4. ªÀÄzsÁåºÀßzÀ ¸ÀªÀÄAiÀÄzÀ°è JªÉÄäUÀ¼À£ÀÄß DzÀµÀÄÖ ¤Ãj£À°è(PÉgɺÉÆAqÀUÀ¼À°è) ©qÀĪÀÅzÀÄ GvÀÛªÀÄ. E®èªÉà ¢£ÀPÉÌ 2-3 ¨Áj vÀtÂÚÃj¤AzÀ JªÉÄäUÀ¼À ªÉÄÊ vÉƼÉAiÀĨÉÃPÀÄ. E®èªÉà ¤ÃgÀÄ ¹A¥Àr¸À¨ÉÃPÀÄ.
5. JªÉÄäUÀ½UÉ ¸ÁzsÀåªÁzÀµÀÄÖ ºÀ¹gÀÄ ªÉÄêÀÅ CxÀªÁ gÀ¸ÀªÉÄêÀ£ÀÄß PÉÆqÀ¨ÉÃPÀÄ. vÀA¥ÁzÀ ªÉüÉAiÀÄ°è CAzÀgÉ ¨É½UÉÎ CxÀªÁ ¸ÁAiÀÄAPÁ® ªÉÄìĸÀĪÀzÀÄ GvÀÛªÀÄ.
7. JªÉÄäUÀ¼À°è ¨ÉzÉ ®PÀëtUÀ¼À£ÀÄß gÁwæ PÀÆqÀ UÀªÀĤ¸À¨ÉÃPÀÄ. 8. »Ar§Æ¸ÀªÀ£ÀÄß ªÀÄÆgÀÄ £Á®ÄÌ ¨sÁUÀªÀiÁr ºÀUÀ°£À°è, ¸ÀAeÉ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ gÁwæAiÀÄ°è w¤ß¸ÀĪÀÅzÀÄ GvÀÛªÀÄ 9. MzÉÝUÉƽ¹zÀ UÉÆtÂaîªÀ£ÀÄß JªÉÄä ªÉÄÊ ªÉÄÃ¯É ºÁPÀĪÀÅzÀÄ.
¥ÉÆæ. JZï.J. G¥ÉÃAzÀæ, ¤zÉÃð±ÀPÀgÀÄ, ¥À±ÀĪÉÊzÀåQÃAiÀÄ ªÀ£Àåfë ¸ÀA±ÉÆÃzsÀ£Á ¸ÀA¸ÉÜ, PÉÆqÀUÀÄ. ( Email- uppisri2003@yahoo.com ) £À£Àß ¢£ÀZÀjAiÀÄ ¥ÀÄl¢AzÀ ºÉÆgÀ§AzÀ E£ÉÆßAzÀÄ ¥Àæ¸ÀAUÀ. CzÉà vÁ£É ¥À±ÀĪÉÊzÀåQÃAiÀÄ ¥ÀzÀ« ¥ÀqÉzÀ £ÀAvÀgÀzÀ ¥Àæ¸ÀAUÀ. qÁ. dAiÀÄgÁªÀiï ¨ÉAUÀ¼ÀÆj£À MAzÀÄ ²æêÀÄAvÀ eÁUÀzÀ°è ªÁ¸ÀªÀiÁqÀÄwÛzÀÄÝ CªÀgÀÄ ¨ÉAUÀ¼ÀÆj£À ºÉ¸ÀgÁAvÀ urologist . ªÀÄ£ÉAiÀiÁPÉ eÁ£ÀPÀªÀÄä, ªÀÄUÀ qÁ. gÀ« ¨ÉAUÀ¼ÀÆj£À MAzÀÄ D¸ÀàvÉæAiÀÄ°è ºÉ¸ÀgÁAvÀ General Surgeon, ¸ÉÆ¸É qÁ. VÃvÀ PÀÆqÀ ¨ÉAUÀ¼ÀÆj£À°è vÀ£ÀßzÉà DzÀ clinic ElÄÖ PÉÆArzÁÝgÉ. ªÉƪÀÄäUÀ ¥ÀÈyé ¨ÉAUÀ¼ÀÆj£À ªÉÊzÀåQÃAiÀÄ PÁ¯ÉÃf£À «zÁåyð. CAvÀÆ ªÀÄ£ÉAiÀÄ°è J®ègÀÆ qÁPÀÖgïì. CªÀgÀ ªÀÄ£ÉAiÀÄ°è 2 GvÀÛªÀÄ vÀ½AiÀÄ £Á¬ÄUÀ¼ÀÄ, CªÀÅUÀ¼À DgÉÆÃUÀå vÀ¥Á¸ÀuÉUÉ DUÁUÀ qÁ.dAiÀÄgÁªÀiï ªÀÄ£ÉUÉ £Á£ÀÄ ºÉÆÃUÀÄwÛzÉÝ. ªÀÄ£ÉAiÀÄ°è £Á¬ÄUÀ¼À®èzÉà 3 ºÀ¸ÀÄUÀ½zÀÝgÀÆ ¸ÀºÀ CªÀÅUÀ½UÉ aQvÉì PÉÆqÀ®Ä ¨ÉÃgÉ AiÀiÁgÉÆà ¥À±ÀĪÉÊzÀågÀÄ §gÀÄwÛzÀÝgÀÄ.
•
Pashubandha 2015 2014
PELVIC
Volume No : 43 Issue : 05 01
1983 r¸ÉA§gï 8 gÀAzÀÄ PÉ®¸À ªÀÄÄV¹ ªÀÄ£É ¸ÉÃjzÁUÀ ¸ÀAeÉ 6 UÀAmÉ. ºÉÆgÀUÉ ZÀ½ ¥ÁægÀA¨sÀªÁVvÀÄÛ. JzÀÄjUÉ £À£Àß CªÀÄä vÀAzÀÄ PÉÆlÖ ©¹ PÁ¦ü. PÁ¦ü PÀÄrAiÀÄÄwÛzÁÝUÀ £À£Àß ¸ÉßûvÀgÁzÀ qÁ. dAiÀÄgÁªÀiï ¥ÉÆÃ£ï ªÀiÁr “qÁPÀÖgï £À£Àß ªÀÄ£ÉAiÀÄ°ègÀĪÀ ºÀ¸ÀÄ ®QëöäUÉ vÀÄA§Ä UÀ¨sÀð. ¨É¼ÀV¤AzÀ £ÉÆêÀÅ w£ÀÄßvÁÛ EzÁݼÉ. DzÀgÉ qÉ°ªÀj DUÀÄwÛ®è. £À£ÁßPÉ vÀÄA¨Á ºÉzÀjzÁݼÉ. vÀPÀët §¤ß” JAzÀgÀÄ. £À£ÀUÀÆ PÀµÀÖ ¥Àæ¸ÀªÀ (dystocia) CAzÀgÉ ¨sÀAiÀÄ, ¥À±ÀĪÉÊzÀåQÃAiÀÄ PÁ¯ÉÃf£À «zÁåyðAiÀiÁVzÁÝUÀ PÉêÀ®2-3 PÀµÀÖ ¥Àæ¸ÀªÀzÀ ¥Àæ¸ÀAUÀªÀ£ÀÄß £ÉÆÃrzÉÝ. £Á£ÉƧâ£Éà AiÀiÁªÀvÀÆÛ F jÃwAiÀÄ PÉøÀ£ÀÄß PÉÊUÉwÛPÉÆArgÀ°®è. F «µÀAiÀĪÀ£ÀÄß qÁ. dAiÀÄgÁªÀiï gÀªÀjUÉ ªÀÄ£ÀªÀjPÉ ªÀiÁr PÉÆqÀ®Ä ¥ÀæAiÀÄwß¹zÉ. DzÀgÉ qÁ. dAiÀÄgÁªÀiï “¸ÀĪÀÄä¤j qÁPÀÖgï, ¤ªÀÄUÉ F PÉ®¸À UÉÆwÛ®è CAzÀgÉ £Á£ÀÄ £ÀA§ÄªÀÅ¢®è. ¤ªÀÄUÉ ¨ÉÃgÉ K£ÉÆà PÉ®¸À EgÀ¨ÉÃPÀÄ CzÀPÉÌ gÁUÀ J½vÁ E¢ÝÃj. qÁPÀÖgï vÀPÀët §¤ß” JAzÀÄ ¥ÉÆãï PɼÀUÉ EmÉÖà ©lÖgÀÄ. £À£ÀUÉ DUÀ ¨ÉÃgÉ zÁjAiÉÄà EgÀ°®è. qÁ. dAiÀÄgÁªÀiï ªÀÄ£ÉUÉ ºÉÆÃUÀ¯Éà ¨ÉÃPÁ¬ÄvÀÄ. “ gÁwæ §gÉÆÃPÉÌ vÀÄA¨Á vÀqÀªÁUÀÄvÉÛ” CAvÁ CªÀÄä¤UÉ ºÉý £À£Àß ¢éZÀPÀæªÀ£ÀÄß ºÀwÛ ZÀ½AiÀįÉèà qÁ. dAiÀÄgÁªÀiï gÀªÀgÀ ªÀÄ£ÉUÉ ºÉÆgÀmÉ. zÁj GzÀÝPÀÆÌ vÀ¯ÉAiÀÄ°è AiÉÆÃZÀ£É. JzÉAiÀÄ°è ¨sÀAiÀÄ qÁ. PÀȵÀÚ¸Áé«Ä ¥À±ÀĪÉÊzÀåQÃAiÀÄ PÁ¯ÉÃf£À°è ºÉý PÉÆlÖ ¥ÁoÀªÀ£ÀÄß ªÉÄ®PÀÄ ºÁPÀÄvÁÛ ¢éZÀPÀæªÀ£ÀÄß Nr¸ÀÄwÛzÁÝUÀ ¥Àæ±ÉßUÀ¼À ¸Á¯É £À£Àß ªÀÄÄAzÉ. PÀµÀÖ ¥Àæ¸ÀªÀPÉÌ PÁgÀt K£ÀÄ? AiÀiÁªÀ OµÀ¢ü JµÀÄÖ PÉÆqÀ¨ÉÃPÀÄ, F PÉÃ¸ï £À£ÀUÉ handle ªÀiÁqÉÆPÉÌ DUÀÄvÁÛ? PÀgÀÄ G½AiÀÄÄvÁÛ?. vÁ¬ÄUÉ J£ÀÆ DUÉÆâ¯Áé? gÁwæ JµÀÄÖ ºÉÆwÛUÉ £Á£ÀÄ ªÀÄ£É ¸ÉÃgÀ §ºÀÄzÀÄ?........ £ÀÆgÁgÀÄ ¥Àæ±ÉßUÀ½UÉ GvÀÛgÀ ºÀÄqÀÄPÀÄvÁÛ ºÀÄqÀÄPÀÄvÁÛ qÁ. dAiÀÄgÁªÀiïgÀªÀgÀ ªÀÄ£É vÀ®Ä¦zÉ £À£Àß PÀAqÀ PÀÆqÀ¯Éà ¨ÁV°£À°è PÁAiÀÄÄwÛzÀÝ dAiÀÄgÁªÀiï ªÀÄvÀÄÛ CªÀgÀ ¥ÀwßAiÀÄ ªÀÄÄR CgÀ½vÀÄ. qÁ. dAiÀÄgÁªÀiï “ ¸ÀzÀå CAvÀÆ §AzÀæ¯Áè qÁPÀÖgï. £À£Àß ºÉAqÀw vÀÄA¨Á ºÉzÀjzÁݼÉ. ®Qëöä CªÀ½UÉ ªÀÄUÀÄ EzÁÝ ºÁUÉ “ CAzÀÄ £À£ÀߣÀÄß ºÀ¸ÀÄ«£À PÉÆnÖUÉUÉ PÀgÉzÀÄPÉÆAqÀÄ ºÉÆÃzÀgÀÄ. ºÀ¸ÀÄ«£À PÉÆnÖUÉAiÀÄ°è ¨ÉÃgÉ ºÀ¸ÀÄUÀ¼À £ÀqÀÄªÉ MAzÀÄ HF
ºÀ¸ÀÄ. vÀÄA§Ä UÀ¨sÀð. ºÉjUÉ £ÉÆêÀ£ÀÄß ªÀÄÄPÀÄÌvÁÛ
ªÀÄ®VzÉ. D ºÀ¸ÀÄ«£À »AzÉ M§â ªÀåQÛ vÁ£ÀÆ ªÀÄ®V ºÀ¸ÀÄ«£À UÀ¨sÀð PÉÆñÀzÉqÉUÉ PÉÊ ºÁQ J£ÉÆà ªÀiÁqÀÄwÛzÁÝ£É. CªÀ£ÀÆ ¸ÀºÀ ºÀ¸ÀÄ«£ÀAvÉ ¸ÀĸÁÛV D ZÀ½AiÀÄ®Æè ¨ÉªÀgÀÄ ¸ÀÄj¹PÉÆAqÀÄ PÀgÀĪÀ£ÀÄß ºÉÆgÀPÉÌ vÀgÀ®Ä ¥ÀæAiÀÄvÀß ªÀiÁqÀÄwÛzÁÝ£É. CªÀ£À£ÀÄß PÉýzÉ “AiÀiÁgÀ¥Àà ¤Ã£ÀÄ? K£ÀÄ ªÀiÁqÀÄvÁÛ E¢ÝÃAiÀiÁ” CªÀ£ÀÄ ªÀÄ®VzÀAvÉ £À£ÀUÉ £ÀªÀĸÁÌgÀ ªÀiÁr “ ¸Ágï £Á£ÀÄ ¥À±ÀÄ D¸ÀàvÉæAiÀÄ CmÉAqÀgï £ÁgÁAiÀÄt. CªÀÄä CªÀgÀÄ F PÉÃ¸ï £ÉÆÃqÀ®Ä PÀgÉzÀgÀÄ §AzÉ. E°è £ÉÆÃrzÀgÉ PÀgÀÄ«£À vÀ¯É ªÀÄvÀÄÛ PÁ®Ä, JgÀqÀÄ wgÀÄVªÉ. ¸Àj ªÀiÁqÉÆPÉ ¥ÀæAiÀÄvÀß ªÀiÁqÀÄvÁÛ EzÉÝãÉ. DzÀgÉ AiÀiÁPÉÆ PÀgÀÄ ºÉÆgÀUÉ §gÀÄwÛ®è” JAzÀ. PÀgÀÄ §zÀÄQzÉAiÀiÁ C£ÉÆßà £À£Àß ¥Àæ±ÉßUÉ £ÁgÁAiÀÄt ‘PÀgÀÄ §zÀÄQzÉ ¸Ágï’ JAzÀ. qÁ. dAiÀÄgÁªÀiï £ÀqÀÄªÉ ¥ÀæªÉò¹ “ qÁPÀÖgï, ¤ÃªÀÅ £ÉÆÃr JgÀqÀÄ UÀAmɬÄAzÀ £ÁgÁAiÀÄt ¥ÀæAiÀÄvÀß ªÀÄqÀÄvÁÛ EzÁÝ£É. J£ÀÆ ¥ÀæAiÉÆÃd£À E®è. EzÀPÉÌ qÁPÀÖgÉà ¸Àj CAvÀ £À£Àß ºÉAqÀwUÉ ºÉýzÀgÉ PÉüÀzÉ EªÀ£À£ÀÄß PÀgɹzÁݼɔ CAvÀ ºÉýzÀgÀÄ. CAvÀÆ AiÀiÁªÀ UÀ½UÉUÉ £Á£ÀÄ ºÉzÀjzÉÝãÉÆ D ¸ÀªÀÄAiÀÄ £À£Àß JzÀÄjUÉ §AzÀÄ ¤AwzÉ. £À£Àß°è £À£ÀUÉà «±Áé¸À«®è. ¨sÀAiÀÄ, CzÀgÉ FUÀ »AvÉUÉAiÀÄĪÀAw®è. ªÉÊzÀågÀ PÀÄlÄA§ªÉà ¥À±ÀĪÉÊzÀå£À°è ¨sÀgÀªÀ¸É ElÄÖ CªÀ£À PÉÊ ZÀ¼ÀPÀ £ÉÆÃqÀ®Ä PÁvÀÄgÀ¢AzÀ PÁzÀÄ ¤AwzÉ. ¥À±ÀĪÉÊzÀåQÃAiÀÄ ªÀÈwÛAiÀÄ UËgÀªÀ WÀ£ÀvÉ £À£Àß PÉÊAiÀÄ°è. ¤zsÁ£ÀªÁV ºÀ¨ÉAiÀÄ°èè ¨ÉªÀj£À ¸Á®Ä ¥ÁægÀA¨sÀªÁVvÀÄÛ. £À£Àß ºÀÈzÀAiÀÄzÀ §rvÀ £À£ÀUÉà PÉý¸ÀÄwÛvÀÄÛ. ¸Àj, CmÉAqÀgï £ÁgÁAiÀÄt¤UÉ ªÉÄÃ¯É K¼À®Ä ºÉýzÉ. UÀÄgÀÄUÀ¼ÁzÀ qÁ. PÀȵÀÚ¸Áé«ÄAiÀĪÀgÀÄ ºÉý PÉÆlÖ ¥ÁoÀ ªÀiÁvÀæ ªÀÄ£À¹ì£À°èvÀÄÛ. CAvÀÆ PÉÆ£ÉUÉ zsÉÊAiÀÄð ªÀiÁr ºÀ¸ÀÄ«£À ºÀwÛgÀ ºÉÆÃzÉ. ºÉÃUÉÆà £ÁgÁAiÀÄt ºÉýzÀ£À®è “vÀ¯É PÁ®Ä wgÀÄVzÉ” CAvÀ ¥ÀæAiÀÄvÀß ªÀiÁqÉÆÃzÀÄ. E¯Áè CAzÀgÉ “ºÀ¸ÀĪÀ£ÀÄß £Á¼É ¨É½UÉÎ ¥À±ÀĪÉÊzÀåQÃAiÀÄ PÁ¯ÉÃfUÉ PÀgÉzÀÄPÉÆAqÀÄ ºÉÆÃV” CAvÀ ºÉüÉÆÃzÀÄ CAvÀ ªÀÄ£À¹ì£À°è ¯ÉPÀÌ ºÁQ ºÀ¸ÀÄ«£À UÀ¨sÀðPÉÆñÀzÀvÀÛ £À£Àß PÉÊ ºÁQzÉ. J£ÀÆ CxÀð ªÁUÀÄwÛ®è. PÉÊUÉ PÀgÀÄ«£À vÀ¯É CxÀªÁ PÁ®Ä J°èzÉ CAvÁ£É w½vÁ E®è. ¨sÁj ¥ÀæAiÀÄvÀß ¥ÀlÄÖ £À£Àß PÉÊAiÀÄ£ÀÄß E£ÀÆß M¼ÀUÉ ºÁQzÉ
•
Pashubandha 2015 2014
PELVIC
Volume No : 43 Issue : 05 01
PÉÊUÉ PÀgÀÄ J£ÉÆà ¹QÌvÀÄ. DzÀgÉ K£ÀÄ ªÀiÁqÀ¨ÉÃPÀÄ w½vÁ E®è. ºÁUÉà AiÉÆÃa¸À¯ÁgÀA©¹zÉ vÀPÀët qÁ.PÀȵÀÚ¸Áé«Ä ºÉýzÀ ªÀiÁvÀÄ “ PÀgÀĪÀ£ÀÄß J¼ÉAiÀĨÉÃr »AzÀPÉÌ vÀ½î C£ÉÃPÀ ¸À® PÀgÀÄ vÁ£Éà vÁ£ÁV ºÉÆgÀPÉÌ §gÀÄvÀÛzÉ. £À£Àß Q«AiÀÄ°è PÉýzÀAvÁ¬ÄvÀÄ. zÉêÀgÀ ªÉÄÃ¯É ¨sÁgÀ ºÁQ £À£Àß ±ÀQÛ J¯Áè G¥ÀAiÉÆÃV¹, PÀgÀĪÀ£ÀÄß »AzÀPÉÌ vÀ½îzÉ. K£ÉÆà DUÀÄwÛzÉ JAzÀÄ CxÀð ªÀiÁrPÉƼÀÄîªÀÅzÀgÀ°è PÀgÀÄ £À£Àß PÉÊAiÀÄ£ÀÄß vÀ½îPÉÆAqÀÄ ºÉÆgÀPÉÌ §gÀ¯ÁgÀA©¹ PÉ®ªÉà PÀëtzÀ°è PÀgÀÄ ¥ÀÆwðAiÀiÁV ºÉÆgÀ §AzÀÄ PÀµÀÖ ¥Àæ¸ÀªÀ ©qÀÄUÀqÉAiÀiÁ¬ÄvÀÄ. qÁ. dAiÀÄgÁªÀiï CªÀgÀ ¥Àwß, ªÀÄUÀ, ¸ÉÆ¸É J¯Áè ºÀÄnÖzÀ ºÉtÄÚ PÀgÀĪÀ£ÀÄß £ÉÆÃr ¸ÀAvÉÆõÀ¢AzÀ £À£Àß PÉÊ ZÀ¼ÀPÀ(?)ªÀ£ÀÄß ºÉÆUÀ½zÀgÀÄ. CªÀgÀ UËgÀªÀPÉÌ £Á£ÀÄ CºÀð£Éà JAzÀÄ £À£ÀUÉà UÀÄvÁÛUÀ°è®è. C¯Éèà EzÀÝ CmÉAqÀgï £ÁgÁAiÀÄt CZÀÑj¬ÄAzÀ EzÀ£É߯Áè £ÉÆÃr” ¸Ágï ¤ªÀÄä PÉÊ UÀÄt vÀÄA¨Á ZÉ£ÁßVzÉ. PÀgÀÄ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ vÁ¬Ä JgÀqÀ£ÀÄß G½¹ PÉÆnÖ¢ÝÃgÁ, ¤ÃªÉà best qÁPÀÖgï” JAzÀÄ ºÉÆUÀ¼À¯ÁgÀA©¹zÀ. £Á£ÀÄ J£ÀÆ ªÀiÁvÀ£ÁqÀzÉ PÀgÀÄ«£À PÀqÉ UÀªÀÄ£À PÉÆmÉÖ. ªÀÄÄA¢£À 10 ¤«ÄµÀzÀ°è ªÀiÁqÀ¨ÉÃPÁzÀ J¯Áè PÉ®¸ÀªÀ£ÀÄß ªÀÄÄV¹ vÁ¬ÄAiÀÄ ºÁ®Ä PÀÄrAiÀÄÄwÛzÀÝ PÀgÀĪÀ£ÀÄß £ÉÆÃr “£À£Àß PÉ®¸À ªÀÄÄV¬ÄvÀÄ” JAzÀÄ ªÀÄ£ÉUÉ ºÉÆgÀqÀ®Ä gÉrAiÀiÁzÉ. qÁ. dAiÀÄgÁªÀiï vÀªÀÄä ¥ÀwßUÉ “ CmÉAqÀgï £ÁgÁAiÀÄt¤UÉ J£ÁzÀgÀÆ PÉÆlÄÖ PÀ½¸ÀÄ ” CAvÀ ºÉý £À£ÀUÉ” qÁPÀÖgï, M¼ÀUÉ §¤ß ZÀ½ vÀÄA¨Á EzÉ. ©¹ ¤Ãj£À°è PÉÊ PÁ®Ä vÉƼÉzÀÄ PÉƼÀÄîªÀµÀÖgÀ°è CªÀgÀ ¥Àwß ©¹ ©¹ PÁ¦ü vÀAzÀÄ PÉÆlÖgÀÄ. qÁ. dAiÀÄgÁªÀiï vÀªÀÄä PÀÄlÄA§PÉÌ ºÉýzÀgÀÄ “ £ÉÆÃr ¥À±ÀĪÉÊzÀågÀÄ ¨ÉÃgÉ qÁPÀÖgïVAvÀ GvÀÛªÀÄ. ªÀÄÆPÀ ¥ÁætÂUÀ¼À £ÉÆêÀ£ÀÄß CxÀð ªÀiÁrPÉÆAqÀÄ aQvÉì ªÀiÁqÀÄvÁÛgÉ. £ÁªÀÅ PÉêÀ® ªÀÄ£ÀĵÀågÀ PÁ¬Ä¯É §UÉÎ CzsÀåAiÀÄ£À ªÀiÁqÀÄvÉÛêÉ. CªÀgÀ PÉ®¸À §ºÀ¼À PÀµÀÖ. EzÀ£ÀÄß £ÁªÀÅ CxÀð ªÀiÁrPÉÆAqÀÄ ¥À±ÀĪÉÊzÀåQÃAiÀÄ ªÀÈwÛUÉ ºÉaÑ£À UËgÀªÀ PÉÆqÀ¨ÉÃPÀÄ. They are really great” JAzÀÄ £À£Àß PÉÊUÉ ºÀt vÀÄA©zÀ ®PÉÆÃmÉ PÉÆlÖgÀÄ. qÁ. dAiÀÄgÁªÀiï ªÀÄvÀÄÛ PÀÄlÄA§zÉzÀÄgÀÄ £Á£ÀÄ hero DVzÉÝ. DzÀgÉ £À£ÀUÉ ¸ÀAvÉÆõÀ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ £ÉÆêÀÅ MnÖUÉ DUÀÄwÛvÀÄÛ. ¥À±ÀĪÉÊzÀågÀ §UÉÎ ¤ÃªÉãÀAzÀgÀÆ ¸Àj ¸ÀªÀiÁdzÀ°è GvÀÛªÀÄ C©ü¥ÁæAiÀÄ §gÀÄwÛgÀĪÀÅzÀPÉÌ ¸ÀAvÉÆõÀªÁzÀgÉ F UËgÀªÀPÉÌ £Á£ÀÄ CºÀð£À®è JAzÀÄ £ÉÆêÀÅ. qÁ. dAiÀÄgÁªÀiï ªÀģɬÄAzÀ ºÉÆgÀUÀqÉ §AzÁUÀ CmÉAqÀgï £ÁgÁAiÀÄt ZÀ½AiÀÄ°è £ÀqÀÄUÀÄvÁÛ gÀ¸ÉÛ §¢AiÀÄ°è PÁ¦ü PÀÄrAiÀÄÄwÛzÀÝ. £À£Àß ¢éZÀPÀæªÀ£ÀÄß gÀ¸ÉÛ §¢ ¤°è¹ £ÁgÁAiÀÄt eÉÆvÉ ªÀÄvÉÛ PÁ¦ü PÀÄrAiÀÄÄvÁÛ PÉýzÉ “ªÀÄ£É J°è”? £ÁgÁAiÀÄt ºÉýzÀ “ ¸Ágï, ªÀÄ£É AiÀÄ®ºÀAPÀzÀ°è. F ¸ÀªÀÄAiÀÄzÀ°è §¸ÀÄì ¹UÉÆ®è. DmÉÆÃzÀ°è ºÉÆUÉÆÃPÉ £À£Àß ºÀwÛgÀ CµÀÄÖ ºÀt E®è. K£ÀÄ ªÀiÁqÉÆÃzÀÄ UÉÆvÁÛUÀÄwÛ®è. qÁ. dAiÀÄgÁªÀiï PÉÆlÖ ºÀtzÀ ®PÉÆÃmÉAiÀÄ£ÀÄß £ÁgÁAiÀÄt£À eÉéUÉ vÀÄgÀÄQzÁUÀ ªÀÄ£À¸ÀÄì ¤gÁ¼ÁªÁ¬ÄvÀÄ. £ÁgÁAiÀÄt£À PÀtÂÚ£À°è PÀÆqÀ ¤ÃgÀÄ. PÁtzÀAvÉ ªÀÄÄR wgÀÄV¹zÉ ªÀÄ£ÉAiÀÄvÀÛ ºÉÆgÀmÉ .
monthly e-Bulletin Published and circulated by Veterinary College, Hebbal, Bengaluru. Editor: Dean, Veterinary College, Hebbal, Bengaluru Dr. S. Yathiraj (Ex-Officio)
Associate Editior: Head, Dept. of Vety.& Animal Husbandry Extension Education Dr. K. Satyanarayan (Ex-Officio)
Contact : Dept of Veterinary and Animal Husbandry Extension Education Veterinary College, Hebbal Bangalore email: pashubandhavch@gmail.com
•
Pashubandha 2015 2014
PELVIC
Volume No : 43 Issue : 05 01