Veterinary College, Bengaluru Monthly e-Bulletin
Newsletter Date : 30 september 2014
Volume No: 3 Issue : 09
Dr A S Patil, Dr Ramesh Rathod, Dr. B. N. Nagaraj, and L. Ranganath Veterinary Hospital, University of Agricultural Sciences Dharwad-580005, Karnataka (E-mail: patilas@uasd.in ; anilpatiluasd@yahoo.co.in ) Snakes are considered to be one of the most beautiful creatures nature has created. But they are also treated as one of the deadliest creatures known to mankind. They are often hated, feared, attacked and are killed for no good reason but for many misconceptions. Snakes are often brought to veterinary clinics by reptile rescuers with a complaint of stab injuries, lacerations, etc. First aid for such fierce and slimy creatures is most challenging job for vets. Handling and Restraint The most important step in examination and treatment is the handling of these animals. For examination of alertness, the movement of the snake has to be noticed. An active and alert snake will respond to slightest movement or vibration in its surrounding. You can check its alertness by giving it a target to strike or its movement can be monitored by creating vibrations by tapping the feet on floor. The handling technique varies depending on the species of snakes that is you come across. A broad classification of snakes can be done depending on the presence of venom viz. venomous or non-venomous (Fig. 1). It is easier and safer to handle the later type of snake but they should be secured properly or else the chances of bites rise. The more challenging part comes in handling the venomous snakes. For their thorough Fig. 1: Differentiation between examination, securing their head is a must to avoid bites (Fig. 2). poisonous and non poisonous snakes. The head-catch can be ensured with the help of special equipments like snake hooks and tongs (Fig. 3). Once the head is secured, it can be caught by hand or secured in acrylic pipes (Fig. 4). The transparency of the pipes helps to check the movement of the snakes. Anesthesia can be used to restrain the the snake. Ketamine hydrochloride is a safe injectable anesthetic for examination and minor surgical procedures.
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Volume No : 3 Issue : 09
It can be given @ 50-75 mg/kg body weight intramuscularly
Fig. 2: Holding the head of a venomous snake
Fig. 3: Snake tong and snake hooks.
Fig. 4: Transparent glass / acrylic pipes for restraint of snakes.
Dehydration The dehydration in snakes can be judged by lifting the skin of snakes. Generally, a dehydrated snake looks dull and is less active and alert. (5% Tacky mucus membranes. 10% Skin tenting and decreased elasticity, glazed eyes. 15% Skin stays folded, depression, coma) In many instances, if you offer the water, the animal will rehydrate itself orally. The most effective way to rehydrate reptiles is to use a warm water soak. Fresh warm water should be offered daily. The water bowl should be large enough for the entire body to be submerged and shallow to prevent drowning in a weakened animal. You can place it in a water soak one or two times a day for 20 minutes. Fluids can be administered to dehydrated snakes. Drenching of rehydrating fluids can be done by passing a stomach tube. An infant feeding tube or Ryle’s tube can be used as a stomach tube. Fluids like Dextrose 5% or Ringer lactate can be used as rehydrating fluids. Subcutaneous fluids can be given near the spine in snake. Treating Injuries Treatment for snakes depends on the severity of its injuries. External injuries are easier to treat if they are not of much severity. The wound can be cleaned by normal saline or diluted antiseptic like 0.5 - 1% chlorhexidine diacetate or povidone-iodine may be used to flush bites, lacerations and opened abscesses. The body of the snake also has to be thoroughly cleaned while treating its injuries. Antiseptic ointments or solutions can be used for dressing. If there is bleeding then local styptic agents can be used to stop bleeding. If the wound is deep and is fresh, then suturing of such wounds is preferred under Ketamine anesthesia. The suture material selected for such wounds should be selected keeping in mind the cold-bloodedness of the animals. These reptiles are able to digest the absorbable sutures. Thus non-absorbable or absorbable sutures which retains for longer duration should be used (Fig. 5). Suturing the skin layer is done following the muscular layer. Dressing powders can be used for dressing the wounds; which helps to keep the wounds dry. Topical antibiotics, such as a triple antibiotic ointment and silver sulfadiazine, may be used alone or under a dressing. Fixing bandages to snakes is where the creativity comes in. Finger cots and condoms may be used Fixing bandages to
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as occlusive bandages. The wound is dressed as usual. Then, depending upon the girth of the snake, a finger cot or condom is selected. The sealed end is cut off, and the resultant tube is pulled gently along the length of the body to the wound site. It is best to start at the head and work down, going with the scales. Extreme care should be used when pulling a tube up from the tail. When the tube is seated over the site, wrap each end with adhesive tape, with the tape half on the skin and half on the tube. When cutting the tape, cut the end in a semicircle rather than straight across; this will help prevent the ends from peeling back when the snake moves around. Antibiotic Therapy Antibiotic Therapy is given to the snakes to avoid further infections. It can be given subcutaneously or intra- muscularly at the lateral abdominal region on either side of spine that in cranial half of the body (Fig. 6) or else some quantity of the drug is excreted through the kidney.
Fig. 6 : Intramuscular injections may be given on either side of the vertebral column in the cranial half of the body.
Fig. 7 : Basking area for snake
Basking Snakes are exothermic (cold-blooded animals) as they rely on their environment to provide heat for them. Basking of snakes is equally important like any other treatments to keep their body warm and metabolic processes running. This includes muscle function, digestion, growth, reproduction and importantly, the immune system. Basking also helps the wounds to heal faster as the metabolic processes are fastened. This can be done by basking in natural sunlight or through an external light source (Fig. 7). If an external light source is to be used, then care must be taken to avoid extra heat or else there could be complications like burn injuries. Feeding Snakes only need to eat weekly or fortnightly. Snakes that are kept in captivity for short times may need not to be fed. If the animal is to be kept in captivity for a longer duration, then feeding these creatures becomes mandatory. All snakes are carnivorous and selection of feeds depends on the species of the snakes. Whilst in care, snakes can generally be fed mice (Fig. 8), rats, day-old chickens, frogs, toads, cockroaches, lizards or fish of an appropriate size. Wild reptiles can be hard to feed as they are accustomed to catching live prey. Fig. 8: Snake swallowing mice.
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They may eat dead food if you can wave food in front of them at the end of blunt tongs or tweezers. Feed them at night as most are nocturnal. Do not feed live prey that may injure the reptile (e.g.: rats, mice). This practice is illegal and is an animal welfare issue. Frozen food items should be left to thaw or placed in warm water. Food should only be provided when constant warmth is maintained (20-35°C), as this is required for full digestion to occur. If the snake does not eat the food, it can be left in the enclosure for a day, as some snakes may eat when they are not being disturbed or at a more suitable time of the day. Many pythons, particularly the larger ones can go for up to 12 months without feeding, so caretakers should not be too concerned if it takes some time for the animals to start feeding. All captive snakes should have access to clean water at all times. Some of the potential problems during captivity include: • Respiratory infections may occur in snakes kept in excessively cold conditions as they do not have a diaphragm and thus are unable to cough. This predisposes them to pneumonia. • Canker or ‘mouth rot’ is usually caused by poor or inadequate captive conditions. It is recognized by swelling of the tissues around the mouth. • ‘Scale rot’ or ‘blister disease’ is caused by poor hygiene in combination with excessively cold, damp or humid conditions. It is diagnosed by the ulcerated patches of skin on the underside, with a series of blisters between the scales. This can progress to a series of sores. • Panophthalmitis is an infection of the skin that covers the eye caused by poor cage conditions or excessive cold. The symptoms are enlargement of the snake’s eye or clouding over of the eye. • Amoebiasis can occur through contaminated foodstuffs or poor human hygiene practices.
Antibiotics
Generic name
Dose rate
Frequency
Treatment duration
Route of administration
Enrofloxacin
5mg/kg
once
14 - 28d
By mouth
once
14days
By mouth
Every 2nd day once
14 day +
i/m
Repeat in 3 days 3-5 days
By mouth
Clindamycin Ceftizoxime
20mg/kg
Antiprotozoal
Metronidazole
25mg/kg
Anti-inflammatory
Carprofen
2-4mg/kg
Once every 1-3 days
Meloxicam
0.1mg/kg
Once every 1-2 days
3-5 days
By mouth
Ivermectin
0.2mg/kg
once
By mouth
Fenbendazole
25-50mg/ kg 1% solution
once
Repeat in 14d -
Once daily
14 days
Onto affected area
Once daily
Until healed
On skin
Topical
1ml/kg
Twice daily
4 – 12 weeks
By mouth
Antiparasitic agent
Antifungal agents
Iodine
Calcium
Silver sulphadiazene Calcium sandoz
By mouth
By mouth
snakes is where the creativity
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Dr Sudha G Assistant Professor ,Department of Veterinary Gynecology and Obstetrics Veterinary College, Hebbal, Bangalore (Email: dineshtumkur @gmail.com) Most of the problems of new born lambs are associated with neither nutrition , temperature regulation or infectious diseases. Nutrition The survival of the lambs for the first few days of life is mainly dependent on energy. The shortage of energy is most likely to reduce viability. When compared with the adult sheep the new born lamb has three problems 1. The lamb has lower energy reserve in its body in the form of fat and carbohydrate. Total energy reserve in the new born lamb is only 3 percent compared to 10-15 percent in adult. 2. Adult sheep is self feeding where as the new born lamb is totally dependent on its mother for the food supply. The newborn lamb requires more energy than the adult sheep on body weight basis. Starvation is the major killer of newborn lambs. Temperature regulation The lamb must produce as much heat as it loses maintain its body temperature. Hypothermia is produced if the lamb either loses too much heat or cannot produce enough heat in the body. The factors that contribute to increase in body heat are the body surface area of the lamb, low insulation value of the birth coat and exposure of the wet new born lamb will increase the heat loss. The ewe plays an important part in reducing the rate of heat loss from the new born. The faster she licks her lamb dry is lower the risk of hypothermia and also a good shelter will minimize death due to hypothermia. A perfect newborn lamb is a excellent generator of het. But this high rate of production can only be maintained if energy is available. If a lamb starves its body energy reserves quickly become exhausted and heat production stops. Hypothermia in this case is caused by starvation . Lambs can die from hypothermia due to starvation before they are twelve hour old. Resistance to infectious diseases The antibodies in the ewe blood does not pass to the fetus and thus vaccination of the ewe does not confer immunity to the lamb. Thus suckling of first milk is important, for this the lamb has to suckle as much colostrums as possible in the first 12 hours of its life after which the antibodies cannot be absorbed through the wall of the small intestine. In spite of suckling colostrums the new born lamb is susceptible to infectious disease than the adult sheep strict hygiene is a must and management must be adjusted accordingly. Viability of the fetus is further restricted by the following factors 1. The lambs are twins or triplets – the twins and triples likely to be smaller and less developed than the single lambs because they have smaller placenta which restricts the passage of nutrients to the fetus in the second half of pregnancy. These problem will be compounded in a ewe of poor nutritional status
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where development and growth is restricted by shortage of nutrients. 2. Poor ewe Nutrition: poor ewe nutrition results in • Low ovulation rate and less lambs conceived • Increased embryonic mortality • Poor placental development • Poor fetal growth related to poor placental growth and direct nutrient limit to fetus • Premature birth of small lambs with low energy reserves • Ewe with little or no colostrums 3. Age of the ewe: mortality of lambs is high in very young and in very old ewes 4. Congenital abnormalities 5. Lamb is born prematurely- related to poor ewe nutrition and with twins and triplets litter 6. Lamb suffers severe hypoxia during birth. Many of the above problems can be avoided by good management both before and after lambing.
Dr.Mohankumar1.S, Dr. M.A.Kshama2, Dr.Prasoon3.S, Dr.K. Satyanarayan4, Dr.V.Jagadeeswary5, Prof. and Head4, Assistant prof.5, M.V.Sc. scholar1 Dept. of Vet. And Animal Husbandry Extension Assistant prof. Dept of TVCC2 . Ph.D. scholar Dept. Of Poultry science3 (Email – mohanvet8333@gmail.com) The "downer cow" syndrome is a condition which occurs in cattle usually following hypocalcemic parturient paresis. It is characterized clinically by prolonged recumbency even after two successive treatments with calcium .At necropsy there will be traumatic injury to limb muscles and nerves, ischemic necrosis of limb muscles , myocarditis, and fatty infiltration and degeneration of the liver . TRAUMATIC Pelvic fractures Sacroiliac luxation Gastrocnemius tendon luxation Dystocia – Ruptured uterus, haemorrhage, exhaustion
METABOLIC Hypocalcaemia Hypomagnesaemia Hypophosphataemia Fat cow syndrome (Fatty Liver) Rumen acidosis
NEUROLOGICAL Obturator nerve paralysis - Usually follows dystocia Sciatic nerve paralysis -Following dystocia, prolonged recumbency, struggling to rise Peripheral nerve paralysis -Peroneal/tibial paralysis due to trauma/ recumbency General – BSE, botulism, tetanus
TOXAEMIA Acute Ecoli mastitis Acute metritis Other conditions –volvulus, peritonitis, wire etc
snake.Ketamine
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Pathogenesis • In most cases, downer cow syndrome is a complication of periparturient hypocalcemia (milk fever in Cows) in cows that do not fully respond to calcium therapy. •
Calving paralysis after dystocia may also nerves inside the pelvic cavity.
•
Regardless of the initial cause of recumbency, all cattle develop pressure-induced damage to muscles and nerves of the pelvic limbs, especially when lying on a hard surface.
•
The muscles of that limb, the animal is lying on are compressed between the bones and the skin by the physical pressure from the weight of the recumbent cow. With prolonged recumbency (eg, if treatment of hypocalcemia is delayed), the lymphatic and venous drainage to muscle is decreased because of sustained pressure with no decrease in arterial blood flow. The net result of pressure-induced changes in blood flow is an increase in interstitial fluid volume and pressure within the muscle, because the fascia around each muscle cannot expand sufficiently to accommodate the increase in interstitial volume. In severe and prolonged cases of recumbency, the increase in intramuscular pressure is visible as a firm swelling of the muscle. The resulting compression of muscles, nerves, and blood vessels within an enclosed compartment induces ischemic pressure A downer cow damage of muscle and nerves, also called compartment syndrome. The severity of pressure damage to the muscles depends on regional anatomic factors (bones), duration of compression, and the surface on which the animal is kept. Pressure myopathy in downer cows is often complicated by damage to and functional loss of the sciatic nerve and its peroneal branch. The sciatic nerve may be damaged by direct compression against the caudal femur, secondary swelling of the surrounding muscles, or both. The degree of damage to the sciatic nerve is thought to be a critical factor for recovery of downer cows. Damage to the peroneal branch of the sciatic nerve results from direct pressure on the nerve as it crosses over the lateral condyle of the femur. Additional complications of prolonged recumbency include acute mastitis, decubital ulcers, and traumatic injuries to the limbs (eg, laceration and rupture of muscle fibers in the thigh) from struggling and efforts to rise.
• •
•
• • • •
•
result in recumbency due to traumatic injury to tissues and
1. Treatment in initial stage •
Maintain appropriate dietary cation-anion balance (milk fever)
•
Provide dry cow therapy (toxic mastitis)
•
Provide appropriate bull selection ( to prevent dystocia)
•
Provide appropriate flooring (to prevent slipping/ falling)
hydrochloride is afe injectable
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Volume No : 3 Issue : 09 01
2. Nursing and management MANAGEMENT
COMMENTS
Move the cow to clean • dry comfortable lying • • area
This must be done IMMEDIATELY Out to grass is the best option when the weather is suitable Deep straw bed which must be kept clean (reduce mastitis risk) and replenished regularly • Sand is a good option (20cm depth) .
Provision of adlib good quality feed and fresh water
• • •
Must be adlib Provide good quality forage with limited concentrate If the cow is ‘crawling’ around the pen, make sure she is checked regularly and water and food moved to her
Turn at least every 3 • One of most important factors of nursing the down cow to prevent development of downer cow syndrome hours • This alternates the hind limb bearing the weight • If cow intermittently rising (‘crawler’) turning is not so important unless that cow is collapsing onto the same leg each time Milking
•
Hobbling hind limbs
•
Lactating cows must be milked twice daily if down for over 12 hours for comfort and to reduce mastitis risk • Put cow into lateral recumbency or lift and milk if appropriate sling available
Physiotherapy
Anti-inflammatory (NSAIDS)
Encouragement to rise
drugs
Animals with bilateral obturator nerve paralysis/paresis may be hobbled – this may help prevent the splits (abduction) while the animal attempts to rise • Hind limbs should be hobbled approximately 50cm apart using purpose designed hobbles or thick soft rope • To help venous return and muscle perfusion • Each time the animal is turned, the limb that has been laid on should be vigorously massaged and manipulated (i.e. flexed and extended repeatedly) •
Anti-inflammatory action reduces the effects of downer cow syndrome, analgesic action reduces pain i.e. carprofen, flunixin, ketoprofen, meloxicam
•
If she does not attempt to stand on her own, from time to time should be encouraged to rise by slapping and gently kneeing in the ribs
3.Assist the animal back onto feet (if necessary) The animal may be lifted to aid diagnosis and prognosis and also to assist in nursing the down cow (i.e. massage of limbs, rebedding, milking). Methods of lifting include: • • • •
Tail lift , Nets/slings/cradles/harnesses, Bagshaw hoists, Inflatable bags and Flotation tanks
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Volume No : 3 Issue : 09 01
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Pashubandha 2014
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Volume No : 3 Issue : 09 01
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M.A.Kshama and A.Muralidhara Dept of TVCC, Veterinary College, Bangalore, KVAFSU (kshamabopanna@rediffmail.com )
The Great Dane is a German breed of domestic dog known for its majestic appearance and great height. They are also sometimes referred as “Apollo of Dogs’ and belying their huge size they are usually very affectionate, friendly and dependable dogs. Dogs resembling the Great Dane have been seen on Egyptian monuments dating back to 3,000 BC. Extremely large boarhounds resembling the Great Dane appear in ancient Greece,in frescoes from Tiryns dating back to 14th–13th centuries BC.. In the middle of the 16th Century, the nobility in many countries of Europe imported strong, long-legged dogs from England, which descended from crossbreeds between the English Mastiff and the Irish Wolfhound.They were dog hybrids in different sizes and phenotypes with no formal breed.
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Volume No : 3 Issue : 09 01
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These dogs were called Englische Docke or Englische Tocke - later written and spelled as Dogge or Englischer Hund in Germany. The name simply means "English dog". Since the beginning of the 17th Century, these dogs were bred in the courts of German nobility, independently of England. The dogs were used for hunting bear, boar and deer at princely courts, with the favorites staying at night in the bedchambers of their lords. • These Kammerhunde (chamber dogs) were outfitted with gilded collars, and helped protect the sleeping princes against assassins. During the hunt for boar or bears, the Englische Dogge was used after the other hunting dogs to seize the bear or boar and hold the animal in place until the huntsman killed it. When the hunting customs changed, particularly because of the use of firearms, many of the involved dog types disappeared. • The Englische Dogge became rare, and was kept only as a dog of hobby or luxury.In the 19th century, the dog was known as "German boarhound" in English speaking countries.Some German breeders tried to introduce the names "German Dogge" and "German Mastiff" on the English market, because they believed the breed should be marketed as a dog of luxury and not as a working dog. However, due to the increasing tensions between Germany and other countries, the dog later became referred to as a "Great Dane", Description
Weight
Male Female
120–200 lb (54–91 kg) 100–130 lb (45–59 kg)
Height
Male Female 8 years
30–34 in (76–86 cm) 28–32 in (71–81 cm)
Life span • •
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The Great Dane combines, its regal appearance, dignity, strength and elegance with great size and a powerful, well-formed, smoothly muscled body. It is one of the giant working breeds, but is unique in that its general conformation is so well balanced that it never appears clumsy, and moves with a long reach and powerful drive. This physical and mental combination is the characteristic which gives the Great Dane the majesty possessed by no other breed. It is particularly true of this breed that there is an impression of great masculinity in male dogs, as compared to an impression of femininity in bitches. Lack of true Dane breed type, as defined in this standard, is a serious fault. The male should appear more massive throughout than the bitch, with larger frame and heavier bone. In the ratio between length and height, the Great Dane should be square. In bitches, a somewhat longer body is permissible, providing she is well proportioned to her height. The male should not be less than 30 inches at the shoulders, but it is preferable that he be 32 inches or more, providing he is well proportioned to his height.
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Volume No : 3 Issue : 09 01
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The female should not be less than 28 inches at the shoulders. • The head should be rectangular, long, distinguished, expressive, finely chiselled, especially below the eyes. Seen from the side, the Dane's forehead must be sharply set off from the bridge of the nose. • Eyes should be medium size, deep set, and dark, with a lively intelligent expression. The eyelids are almond-shaped and relatively tight, with well developed brows. In harlequins, the eyes should be dark; light colored eyes and eyes of different colors are permitted but not desirable. • Ears should be high set, medium in size and of moderate thickness, folded forward close to the cheek. The top line of the folded ear should be level with the skull. If cropped, the ear length should be in proportion to the size of the head and the ears should be carried uniformly erect. • Nose should be black, except in the blue Dane, where it is a dark blue-black. A black spotted nose is permitted on the harlequin; a pink colored nose is not desirable. A split nose is a disqualification. • The neck should be firm, high set, well arched, long and muscular. From the nape, it should gradually broaden and flow smoothly into the withers. The neck underline should be clean. • Withers should slope smoothly into a short level back with a broad loin. The chest should be broad, deep and well muscled. The body underline should be tightly muscled with a well-defined tuck-up. • The tail should be set high and smoothly into the croup and should be broad at the base, tapering uniformly down to the hock joint. At rest, the tail should fall straight. When excited or running, it may curve slightly, but never above the level of the back. A ring or hooked tail is a serious fault. A docked tail is a disqualification. • The forequarters, viewed from the side, should be strong and muscular. • The shoulder blade must be strong and sloping, forming, as near as possible, a right angle in its articulation with the upper arm. • The hindquarters should be strong, broad, muscular and well angulated, with well let down hocks. Seen from the rear, the hock joints appear to be perfectly straight, turned neither toward the inside nor toward the outside The coat should be short, thick and clean with a smooth glossy appearance. The normal color can be Brindle, Fawn, Blue, Black, Harlequin and, Mantle (black and white with a solid black blanket extending over the body & black skull with white muzzle). The gait denotes strength and power with long, easy strides resulting in no tossing, rolling or bouncing of the top line or body. The backline should appear level and parallel to the ground. The long reach should strike the ground below the nose while the head is carried forward. The powerful rear drive should be balanced to the reach. There should be no twisting in or out at the elbow or hock joints while running.
Pashubandha 2014
Volume No : 3 Issue : 09 01
Temperament The Great Dane's large and imposing appearance belies its friendly nature. The breed is often referred to as a "gentle giant". Great Danes are generally well disposed toward other dogs and other non-canine pets, as well as familiar humans. They generally do not exhibit extreme aggressiveness or a high prey drive. They are also very courageous, spirited and extremely dependable . The Great Dane is a very gentle and loving animal and with the proper care and training is great around children, especially when being raised with them. However, if not properly socialized a Great Dane may become fearful or aggressive towards new stimuli, such as strangers and new environments. Great Danes are a breed recommended for families provided that they get trained early and because of their tendency to lean on or sit against their owners they are considered as 'the world's biggest ' lapdogs.'!! Like most dogs, Great Danes require daily walks to maintain their health. However, it is important not to over exercise this breed, particularly when young. Issues regarding health Great Dane puppies grow very large, very fast, which puts them at risk of joint and bone problems.Great Danes, like most giant dogs, have a fairly slow metabolism. This results in less energy and less food consumption per pound of dog than in small breeds. Great Danes also have some health problems that are common to larger breeds, including gastric dilatation & volvulus( GDV) and hip dysplasia. Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and many congenital heart diseases are also commonly found in the Great Dane which , in conjunction with its shorter lifespan has lead to its nickname,’ the Heartbreak breed’. Great Danes also may carry the merle gene, which is part of the genetic makeup that creates the harlequin coloring. The merle gene is an incomplete dominant, meaning only one copy of the gene is needed to show the merle coloring; two merle genes produce excessive white markings and may result in many health issues such as deafness, blindness, or other debilitating ocular issues. Great Danes can also develop called "wobblers disease" that can affect their vertebral column (intervertebral disc disease).
Type of animal
Protein %
Fat %
Moisture %
Cholesterol mg/kg
27.9
Calories/ 400g of meat 795
Rabbit
20.8
10.2
Chicken
20
11.2
67.0
810
60
Lamb
15.7
27.7
55.0
1420
-
Pork
11.9
45
42
2050
105
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Volume No : 3 Issue : 09 01
Species
Quail
Incubation period (days) 17
Guinea fowl
28
Ducks
28
Turkeys
28
Emu
52
male
Female
Average body Wt.
smaller
bigger
150-180 gm.
Larger Helmet and wattles Curved tail feather
Smaller helmet and wattles Absence of curved tail feather
Dancing pattern, snood, dewlap beard Grunting sound
Absence of these feathers
Drumming sound
Average egg production 180
Average egg Wt. 10 gm.
Egg colour
1.75-2.0 kgs.
130-150
30-40 gms.
3-4 kgs. (meat type) 1.5-2.5 Kg. (egg type) 8-10 kgs.
150-180 (meat type) 275-3000 (egg type)
60-80 gms.
Dull white with smooth texture
80
60-80 gms.
Brown with cluster of dark tint
45-55 kgs.
30 (Oct-feb)
500-700 gms
Emerald green
Multi colour & tinted Brown
The Bangalore Veterinary College Alumni Association (BVCA) and Veterinary College, KVAFSU, Bangalore have jointly organised the Foundation Day of Veterinary College, Bangalore on 25.07.2014 along with one day Technical Seminar. Dr. S. Abdul Rahman, President, Common Wealth Veterinary Association has spoken on the subject, ‘The Role of Alumni Association in Animal Welfare’ and Dr. B. Ashok, Vice Chancellor, Kerala Animal Sciences University has spoken on the topic, ‘Role of Alumni Association in Veterinary Profession’. The programme was attended by more than 500 delegates. On the occasion, around 12 staff members who were teaching at Veterinary College, Bangalore, during 1960s have been felicitated. Further, all the 13 students who have successfully completed the BVSc degree in first attempt out of around 100 students belonging to first batch of Veterinary College (1958 Batch) were also felicitated.Many senior and junior veterinarians have participated in the foundation day and felt that such functions are much beneficial to the profession. The BVCA news letter edited by Dr. M. Narayana Swamy was released on the occasion.
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Volume No : 3 Issue : 09 01
The present Executive Board of Bangalore Veterinary College Alumni Association (BVCA) is: Chairman: Dr. R. N. Sreenivas Gowda, Executive Secretary: Dr. S. Yathiraj, Finance Secretary: Dr. G. B. Puttannaiah, Members: Dr. V. Chandrashekar Murthy, Dr. M. Devaraj, Dr. M. G. Govindaiah, Dr. M. M. Kailas, Dr. Mohankumar Shettar, Dr. B. N. Nagaraj, Dr. M. Narayana Swamy, Dr. P.T. Ramesh, Dr. N. C. Seetharam, Dr. B. P. Shankar and Dr. Sreenivasa Reddy, T. Co-opted Members: Dr. Gopal, T., Dr. Gopala, G. T., Dr. Harshakumar Shetty, Dr. S. R. Jayakumar, Dr. Kantharaju, L., Dr. Narendra, R., Dr. Srinivas Kaveri and Dr. Yathinder, P. V., Permanent Invitees: Dr. S. Abdul Rahman, Dr. B. C. Ramakrishna, Dr. C. Renukaprasad and Dr. Suresh S. Honnappagol. The President of BVCA has announced that the Foundation Day will be conducted regularly every year on 24th of July.
All the Alumni of Bangalore Veterinary College are requested to become members and participate in large numbers in the Foundation Day of the years to come.
monthly e-Bulletin Published and circulated by Veterinary College, Hebbal Bengaluru Editor:
Associate Editior:
Dean, Veterinary College, Hebbal, Bengaluru
Head, Dept of Vety & Animal Husbandry Extension Education
Dr.S.Yathiraj (Ex-Officio)
Dr.K.Satyanarayana (Ex-Officio)
Contact : Dept of Veterinary and Animal Husbandry Extension Education Veterinary College, Hebbal Bangalore email: pashubandhavch@gmail.com Blog: pashubandhavch.blogspot.in
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Pashubandha 2014
PELVIC
Volume No : 3 Issue : 09 01