Veterinary College, Bengaluru Monthly e-Bulletin
Newsletter Date : 30 September 2015
Volume No: 4 Issue : 9
qÁ. f. J¸ï. £À«Ã£ï PÀĪÀiÁgï, qÁ. ²æÃPÁAvï zÉÆqÀتÀĤ, ªÀÄvÀÄÛ qÁ. §¸ÀªÀgÁeï E£ÁªÀÄzÁgï vÀ½ ¸ÀAªÀzsÀð£Á «¨sÁUÀ ¥À±ÀĪÉÊzÀåQÃAiÀÄ ªÀĺÁ«zÁå®AiÀÄ, ºÁ¸À£À ¯Á¨sÁzÁAiÀÄPÀ ºÉÊ£ÀÄUÁjPÉAiÀÄ £Á®ÄÌ Cr¥ÁAiÀÄ ¸ÀÜA¨sÀsUÀ¼ÉAzÉà ¥ÀæZÀ°vÀªÁVgÀĪÀ CA±ÀUÀ¼ÉAzÀgÉ, ºÉÊ£ÀÄ gÁ¸ÀÄUÀ¼À DAiÉÄÌ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ CªÀÅUÀ¼À ¸ÀAªÀzsÀð£É, GvÀÛªÀÄ DºÁgÀ, ªÉÊeÁÕ¤PÀ ¤ªÀðºÀuÁ ¥ÀzÀÞw ºÁUÀÆ DgÉÆÃUÀå gÀPÀëuÉ. ºÉÊ£ÀÄ GzÀåªÀÄzÀ°è vÀªÀÄä£ÀÄß vÉÆqÀV¹PÉƼÀî®Ä ¤zsÀðj¸ÀĪÀ gÉÊvÀgÀ ªÉÆzÀ® ºÉeÉÓ JAzÀgÉ GvÀÛªÀÄ ºÉÊ£ÀÄ gÁ¸ÀÄUÀ¼À£ÀÄß PÉƼÀÄîªÀÅzÀÄ. £ÀªÀÄä zÉñÀzÀ°è gÉÊvÀgÀÄ ºÉÊ£ÀÄgÁ¸ÀÄUÀ¼À£ÀÄß ¸ÀAvÉUÀ¼ÀÄ, eÁvÉæ CxÀªÁ EvÀgÉ ºÉÊ£ÀÄgÁ¸ÀÄ ¸ÁPÁuÉzÁgÀjAzÀ PÉƼÀÄîªÀÅzÀÄ ªÁrPÉ. gÉÊvÀgÀÄ ºÉÊ£ÀÄgÁ¸ÀĪÀ£ÀÄß PÉƼÀî®Ä ºÉZÁÑV ªÀÄzsÀåªÀwðUÀ¼À£ÀÄß CªÀ®A©ü¹gÀÄvÁÛgÉ. ªÀiÁgÁlPÉÌ EgÀĪÀ GvÀÛªÀÄ ºÉÊ£ÀÄgÁ¸ÀÄUÀ¼ÀÄ CªÀÅUÀ¼ÀÄ zÉÆgÉAiÀÄĪÀ ¸ÀܼÀ, ªÀiÁ°PÀgÀ ¥ÀjZÀAiÀÄ ºÁUÀÆ ¨É¯É ¤zs À ðj¸À®Ä gÉÊvÀgÀÄ ªÀÄzs À åªÀwðUÀ¼À£ÀÄß CªÀ®A©ü¸À¨ÉÃPÁVgÀĪÀÅzÀÄ C¤ªÁAiÀÄð.DzÀgÉ GvÀÛªÀÄ ºÉÊ£ÀÄgÁ¸ÀÄ«£À DAiÉÄÌAiÀÄ ¤zsÁðgÀªÀ£ÀÄß vÁªÉà ªÀiÁqÀĪÀÅzÀÄ ¯ÉøÀÄ. gÁ¸À£ÀÄß ªÀiÁgÁl ªÀiÁqÀĪÀ ªÀiÁgÁlUÁgÀgÀÄ gÁ¸À£ÀÄß PÉƼÀÄîªÀªÀjUÉ ¸ÀjAiÀiÁzÀ ªÀiÁ»w ¤ÃqÀĪÀÅ¢®è. ªÀAiÀĸÀÄì, PÀgÁ«£À ¸ÀASÉå, gÁ¹£À DgÉÆÃUÀå, ºÁ®Ä GvÁàzÀ£É §UÉÎ CªÀgÀÄ ¤ÃqÀĪÀ CAQ ¸ÀASÉåUÀ¼ÀÄ gÁ¹£À ¤dªÁzÀ zÁR¯ÉUÀ¼ÀÄ ¸ÀvÀåªÁVgÀĪÀÅ¢®è. GvÀÛªÀÄ ºÉÊ£ÀÄgÁ¸ÀÄ«£À DAiÉÄÌUÉ gÁ¸ÀÄ«£À §UÉÎ w¼ÀĪÀ½PÉ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ DAiÉÄÌUÉ ¸ÀA§AzsÀ¥ÀlÖAvÉ ««zsÀ ªÉÊeÁÕ¤PÀ ªÀiÁ»wUÀ¼À ¸ÀA¥ÀÆtð Cj«gÀ¨ÉÃPÀÄ. ºÉå£ÀÄUÁjPÁ GzÉÆåÃUÀzÀ°è£À ¯Á¨sÀ£ÀµÀÖ ªÀÄÄRåªÁV gÁ¸ÀÄ«£À DAiÉÄÌAiÀÄ ªÉÄÃ¯É CªÀ®A©vÀªÁVgÀÄvÀÛzÉ. ºÉÊ£ÀÄ gÁ¸ÀÄUÀ¼À£ÀÄß PÉƼÀÄîªÀ ªÀÄÄAZÉ F PɼÀPÀAqÀ «µÀAiÀÄUÀ¼À §UÉÎ UÀªÀÄ£À ºÀj¸À¨ÉÃPÀÄ.
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gÉÊvÀjUÉ ªÉÊeÁÕ¤PÀ ºÉÊ£ÀÄgÁ¸ÀÄ ¸ÁPÁtÂPÉAiÀÄ w¼ÀĪÀ½PÉ ºÁUÀÆ C£ÀĨsÀªÀ Cwà ªÀÄÄRå. ºÉÊ£ÀÄUÁjPÉAiÀÄ w¼ÀĪÀ½PÉ ºÁUÀÆ C£ÀĨsÀªÀªÀżÀî gÉÊvÀgÀÄ ºÉZÀÄÑ «zÉò ªÀA±ÀªÁ»¤UÀ¼ÀÄ EgÀĪÀAvÀºÀ «Ä±Àæ vÀ½ ºÉÊ£ÀÄgÁ¸ÀĪÀ£ÀÄß ¸ÁPÀ§ºÀÄzÀÄ. DzÀgÉ ºÉÊ£ÀÄUÁjPÉAiÀÄ£ÀÄß ºÉƸÀzÁV ¥ÁægÀA©ü¸ÀÄwÛgÀĪÀªÀgÀÄ ±ÉÃ. 50 - 62.5 «zÉò ªÀA±ÀªÁ»¤UÀ¼ÀļÀî «Ä±Àæ vÀ½UÀ¼À£ÀÄß ¸ÁPÀĪÀÅzÀÄ GvÀÛªÀÄ. PÀæªÉÄÃt vÀªÀÄä C£ÀĨsÀªÀzÀ ªÉÄÃ¯É «Ä±Àæ vÀ½ gÁ¸ÀÄUÀ¼À «zÉò vÀ½AiÀÄ ªÀÄlÖªÀ£ÀÄß ªÀÄÄA¢£À ¦Ã½UÉUÀ¼À°è ºÉaѸÀĪÀÅzÀÄ M¼ÉîAiÀÄzÀÄ.
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Pashubandha 2015
Volume No : 4 Issue : 09
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Pashubandha 2015 2014
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Dr. Maruthi S. T., Dr. Ranjith D., Dr. Kotresh Prasad., Dr. Sagar R. S. and Naveen Kumar T. J. College Of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pookode, Kerala-673 576 (Email: ranjith946@gmail.com) Biomaterials are substances or combination of substances (other than drugs) either synthetic or natural, intended to evaluate, treat, augment or replace any tissue, organ or functions of the body. Although they have to satisfy many conditions useful for treatment, more and more research has been carried out to replace various tissues in the body viz., tendons and bones. Historical background: History of biomaterials evolves from hundred years ago, where Romans and Chinese used gold in dentistry. Their use started from ancient civilization, where artificial eyes, ears, A fusiform incision is created
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Volume VolumeNo No::43 Issue Issue::09 01
and nose were used as found on Egyptian mummies. During late 18-19th century, different metal devices as biomaterials were used to fix fractures (wires, pins made up of Ag, Au, Pt and Fe).
Polymethylmethacrylate was used as a first bio material in dentistry during 1937.
P.Wiles (1938) carried out first total hip replacement by using biomaterials.
M.J. Dorzee, A. Franceschetti (1940) used acrylics for corneal replacement.
Poly ethylene and stainless steel substances were used for hip implants (1960).
Recent advances includes the use of bio materials like gold Nano cells for photo thermal anti-tumor treatment and bone tissue engineering technique used for bone grafting.
Biomaterials for the reconstruction of corneal reconstruction in dogs
PROPERTIES OF BIOMATERIAL: A biomaterial used for implant should possess properties for long term usage without rejection. The design and choice of bio materials depends on the following factors
Response of host organism to the implanted biomaterial or device.
An ideal biomaterial should be biocompatible with the ambient tissues and cause no hyper sensitivity or allergic response.
It should possess anti-microbial, ant- inflammatory, wound healing and analgesic activities.
Ease for application and it should be economical.
It should be non-toxic, non-pyrogenic, non-carcinogenic and blood compactable.
It should have mechanical properties like tensile strength, yield strength, elasticity, hardness, cosmetic appearance, tear and wear resistance, corrosion and fatigue resistance.
The material must satisfy its design requirements in its bio-functionality.
Biomaterial should govern the structure and function of normal and abnormal cells, tissues or organs.
They should be moldable, machinable and extrudable.
TYPES OF BIO MATERIAL: During ancient day’s wide variety of natural biomaterials like rubber, glue, wood, tissues from living forms and manufactured materials viz., iron, zinc, glass and gold were used. A range of host response were seen by use of biomaterials like some were tolerated and some were rejected and it has been acknowledged that there is complete difference between vital and avital material. The following are the types of biomaterials. 1) Metallic biomaterial: Most commonly used metals for manufacturing implants are iron (Fe), chromium(Cr), cobalt (Co), Titanium(Ti), Molybdenum (Mb), Niobium (Nb), Tantulum (Ta) and Tungsten (W). The biocompatibility of the metallic implants is of great concern because they can corrode in an in-vivo environment. 2) Ceramic biomaterial: Alumina, Silicon nitrites, Zirconia and carbons are employed as inert
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Volume No : 4 3 Issue : 09 01
bioceramics. Semi inert bioceramics includes glasses, dense hydroxyapatites, calcium aluminates and calcium sulphates which are re-absorbable. 3) Polymeric biomaterial: Mainly includes polyamide, polyethylene, polystyrene, Polyethylenterpthalate, polypropylene, Polymetacrylate, polytetrafluoroethylene, and polyvinylchloride.
POLYMETHYLMETH ACRYLATE
4) Composite biomaterials: Fibre glass, alloys, foam, bone, wood, dentin, cartilage and skin are the commonly used composite biomaterials. USES OF BIOMATERIALS: Tissue regeneration and transplantation Orthopedic implants Treatment of tendon and joint defects Bone plating and bone cementing Dental implants Blood vessel prostheses Wound management Repair of hernias Contact lenses Cosmetic surgeries
A Dogs leg repaired using the tightrope CCL procedure
Corrective functional abnormalities Joint replacement and implants Aids in diagnose and treatment
ADVANTAGES:
They are strong, chemically inert and resistant to fatigue degradation.
They have shape memory and can be sterilized easily before use
Easy to manufacture and modify
Biodegradable
They have high compressive strength and tensile strength
They have low density and resistant to corrosion.
Biocompatablity, strong and durable, cost effective and easy to use.
Injury repair using polyester with collagen mesh
DISADVANTAGES They may cause tissue reaction
Decreases bone growth
The intensive interaction with the body can lead to wear and tear
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Volume No : 4 3 Issue : 09 01
They can induce formation of metal ions in the body. High cost involved in the manufacture and difficulty in availability.
Use of biomaterials in Veterinary practices: Various researchers across the world use polypropylene mesh for reconstruction of abdominal wall defects like hernia, eventrations and eviscerations in large animals like cattle and horses. Animal derived surgical mesh are made of intestine and skin, which provides support while repairing weakened or damaged tissues, majority of the tissues used are derived from pig (porcine) or cow (bovine). Surgical mesh can be used for urogynaecologic procedures including pelvic organ prolapse (POP) and stress urinary incontinence (SUI). There are three main surgical procedures performed to treat pelvic floor disorders with surgical mesh like transvaginal and transabdominal mesh to treat POP, mesh sling to treat SUI. Now a days bone grafts and their substitutes are gaining more importance in veterinary practices. Demineralized bone matrix werecommonly used for bone grafting because of their osteoinductive properties.The clinical use of bone marrow aspiratewere successfully evaluated for the treatment of nonunion of tibia in sheep. Currently Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) developed from recombinant gene technology were gaining more importance as a potential for bone induction in human and veterinary medicine.Osteoconductive biomaterials likecalcium phosphate substitutes were used as allografts in animals. Further, hydroxyapatite ceramics are widely used as bone substitutes because of their osteo-conductivity and bio-compatibility. Current status and future perspectives: Biomaterial formulations are the major components used to deliver the bioactive molecules in to the body. Various techniques like freeze-drying, polymerization, spray drying, gas foaming, supercritical fluid technology etc. are commonly used for fabrication of scaffold preparations. These formulations are widely used against diseases such as tuberculosis, bone deformities, cartilage damage, skin disease, cardiovascular ailments, and periodontal diseases and wound dressing. The study of biomaterial based formulations are exciting with newer approaches for drug/cell/gene delivery being discovered increasingly. At present, extensive research is being carried out worldwide on all aspects of tissue engineering and drug/gene delivery. In the future, main focus will be on development of more patient compliant, sustained and controlled delivery systems against various diseases by modification of manufacturing technologies.
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Pashubandha 2015 2014
Volume No : 4 3 Issue : 09 01
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Pashubandha 2015 2014
Volume No : 4 3 Issue : 09 01
£ÁaPÉ VqÀ (Mimosa pudica) £ÁaPÉ VqÀ ºÀ®ªÀÅ jÃwAiÀÄ°è ¥ÀæAiÉÆÃd£ÀPÁjAiÀiÁVzÉ. ªÀÄÄRåªÁV EzÀ£ÀÄß DPÀ¼ÀÄUÀ¼À ºÁ°£À°è gÀPÀÛ §gÀÄwÛzÀÝgÉ 100-200 UÁæA £ÀµÀÄÖ ¤ÃrzÀgÉ Cwà ¥ÀjuÁªÀÄPÁj. C®èzÉà UÀ¨sÀðPÉÆñÀzÀ vÉÆAzÀgɬÄzÁÝUÀªÀÇ ¸ÀºÀ EzÀ£ÀÄß §¼À¸À§ºÀÄzÀÄ. eÁ£ÀĪÀgÀÄ PÀgÀÄ ºÁQzÀ £ÀAvÀgÀ UÀ¨sÀðPÉÆñÀªÀÅ ªÀÄqÀa ºÉÆgÀUÉ §AzÀ°è ¸ÀĪÀiÁgÀÄ 200 UÁæA £ÁaPÉ ªÀÄĽî£À gÀ¸ÀªÀ£ÀÄß ¯Éæ¹zÀgÉ UÀ¨sÀðPÉÆñÀªÀ£ÀÄß ªÉÆzÀ°£À ¹ÜwUÉ ¸Àé¸ÁÜ£ÀPÉÌ PÀ½¸ÀĪÀÅzÀÄ ¸ÀÄ®¨sÀ.
Dr. Rashmi, R., Dr. Jagadeesh. S. Sanganal and Dr. N.B. Shridhar Department of Veterinary Pharmacology & Toxicology, Veterinary College, Bengaluru-24 (email: rashmirvet7@gmail.com) Beta – lactam antibiotics constitute one of the most important and frequently used groups of antimicrobial agents. It comprises of Penicillins, Cephalosporins, Carbapenems and Monobactams.
Penicillins: they are classified based on their spectrum of antibacterial activity and β – lactamase (Penicillinase) sensitivity
Cephalosporins Cephalosporins are classified in terms of their chronological sequence of development and also on the basis of their antimicrobial properties.
Pashubandha 2015 2014
Volume No : 4 3 Issue : 09 01
Drug Interactions
Potentiation Concomitant use of aminoglycosides and loop diuretics (Ex: Furosemide) potentiate the nephrotoxic effect of cephalosporins.
Synergism Penicillins, cephalosporins and imipenem with aminoglycosides produce synergistic or additive effects. Extended spectrum penicillins and aminoglycosides produce synergistic effect against Pseudomonas sp. Cefepime with aztreonam produces synergistic effect against Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Antagonism Beta lactams with bacteriostatic drugs like chloramphenicol, tetracycline and erythromycin produce antagonistic action.
Pharmacokinetic/ ADME interactions
1.Administration of oral cephalosporins viz cefadroxil with food decreases the nausea in those animals prone to the side effect. Administration of cefixime with food can decrease its bioavailability by one half, whereas the absorption of cephalexin is not affected by food. 2.Concomitant use of antacids and H2-receptor antagonists decreases the absorption and peak plasma levels of cephalosporins. Thus, cephalosporins are administered 1 or 2 hour prior to or after administration of antacids and H2-receptor antagonists. 3.Acid susceptible penicillins (Ex: Penicillin G) should not be mixed with normal saline or other acidic pH parenteral fluids because they get inactivated by the acidic pH. 4.Carbenicillin and ticarcillin interact chemically and precipitate aminolgycosides when administered simultaneously through the same I.V. line or through the same syringe. Therefore, penicillins are administered 1 or 2 hour prior to or after administration of aminolgycosides. 5.Salicylates, phenylbutazone and sulphonamides displace penicillins from plasma protein binding sites thereby increase their blood concentration and prolong their plasma half live. 6.Concomitant administration of Penicillins like carbenicillin, cephalosporins and anticoagulants viz heparin, coumarins – warfarin, dicoumarol etc, thrombolytic agents – streptokinase, streptodornase,
Pashubandha 2015 2014
Volume No : 4 3 Issue : 09 01
urokinase etc and NSAIDS – salicylates and sulfinpyrazone enhances the risk of bleeding. 7.Concomitant administration of Penicillins like carbenicillin, cephalosporins with aspirin and other NSAIDS and sulfinpyrazone also enhances the risk of bleeding. 8.Probenecid and other weak organic acids competitively block the tubular secretion of penicillin and cephalosporins thereby increase their blood concentration and prolong their plasma half lives. But probenecid has not been shown to alter the renal tubular secretion of ceftiofur in dairy cattle or of cefazolin in mares.
Mamatha, G.S., Puttalakshmamma,G.C., Jaya N. Lakkundi and P.M.Thimmareddy Department of Veterinary Parasitology Centre of Advanced Faculty Training,Veterinary College KVAFSU Regional Campus, Hebbal, Bengaluru-560 024. (Email:drmamathags@gmail.com) In tropical and subtropical countries like India, low productivity in small ruminants production are attributed to unfavourable climatic conditions, low animal genetic potential, insufficient feed supplements and lack of proper health care facilities in rural areas. Besides, factors like secondary pathogenic effects caused by trematode parasites is a major contributing factor that decreases the quality and quantity of wool, meat and meat products. These trematode infection which occur in clinical and subclinical conditions adversely affect the health and socio-economic status of the farmers and cause enormous economic losses to the livestock industry. F.gigantica and G. explanatum are very common trematode parasites affecting sheep and usually present in liver, bileducts and gallbladder. The adult parasites are not much pathogenic however its immature migratory flukes induce severe pathological effects. The pathological changes induced by the F.gigantica and G.explanatum are readily distinguishable from each other. Lesions associated with the migration of immature flukes through the Liver parenchyma showing migratory parenchyma and honeycombed like appearance are a prominent feature tracts and haemorrhage of infection of F.gigantica. In bileducts, infection with F. gigantica are characterised by desquamation of the bile duct epithelium, presence of more free blood in the lumen and a thicker duct wall. In acute fasciolosis, the simultaneous migration of large number of immature flukes cause traumatic hepatitis due to extensive destruction of liver parenchyma and marked haemorrhage into the peritoneal cavity due to rupture of liver capsule. The liver will be enlarged, pale and friable with numerous haemorrhagic tracts on the parenchymal surface. These Hyperplastic cholangitis lesions should be differentiated from the anthrax disease characterised by
Pashubandha 2015 2014
Volume No : 4 3 Issue : 09 01
the presence of blood through all the natural orifices. In chronic condition, a hyperplastic cholangitis is observed caused by the presence of adult flukes in the bileducts. .
Giagantocotyle explanatum adult flukes in the bileducts
Polyps like growth in the biliary epithelium
Whereas lesions induced by Giagantocytle explanatum are confined to the large bile ducts. G. explanatum present in the bileducts form plugs or polyps like growth in the luminal surface by removal of a plug of mucosa into their acetabulum. The lesions in the hepatic parenchyma are associated with formation of progressively larger areas of scar tissue in the parenchymal migration and fibrosis which occur in adjacent portal triads and interlobular septa. The absence of signs of migration through the hepatic parenchyma by G.explanatum is regarded as evidences that these flukes gain entry to the bile ducts from intestine through common bileduct. Hence, based on these lesions, the infection caused by the common trematode parasites of F.gigantica and G.explanatum can be diagnosed in naturally infected sheep and goats at necropsy.
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Pashubandha 2015 2014
Volume No : 4 3 Issue : 09 01
PÉýzÁUÀ “ £ÉÆÃr qÁPÀÖgï, £ÀªÀÄä ¸ÀÄzsÁ 3 ¢£ÀUÀ½AzÀ SÁ° ºÉÆmÉÖAiÀÄ°èzÁÝ¼É ¤ÃgÀÄ ¸ÀºÀ PÀÄrAiÀÄÄwÛ®è. CªÀ½UÉ CªÀ¼À ºÀoÀªÉà ªÀÄÄRå” JAzÀgÀÄ. «ZÁj¹ £ÉÆÃrzÁUÀ ¸ÀÄzsÁ vÁ£ÀÄ ¥À±ÀĪÉÊzÀå¼ÁUÀĪÀÅzÀPÉÌ ªÀÄ£ÉAiÀĪÀgÀ «gÉÆÃzsÀPÉÌ ¥ÀæwAiÀiÁV G¥ÀªÁ¸À ¸ÀvÁåUÀæºÀ ªÀiÁqÀÄwÛzÀݼÀÄ. ²æà §¸ÀªÀt¥Àà £À£ÀߣÀÄß ¸ÀÄzsÁ¼À PÉÆoÀrUÉ PÀgÉzÀÄ PÉÆAqÀÄ ºÉÆÃV “ qÁPÀÖgï, ¤ÃªÉà ºÉý ºÉtÄÚ ªÀÄPÀ̼ÀÄ zÀ£À, ºÀ¸ÀÄ, PÀÄjUÀ½UÉ OµÀ¢ PÉÆqÀ®Ä ¸ÁzÀåªÉÃ. £ÀªÀÄUɯÁè ¸ÀÄzsÁ EAf¤AiÀÄgï DUÀ° CAvÀ D¸É. CªÀ¼ÀÄ £ÀªÀÄä ªÀiÁvÉà PÉüÀÄwÛ®è. ºÉtÄÚ ªÀÄPÀ̽UÉ ¥À±ÀĪÉÊzÀåQÃAiÀÄ ºÉý ªÀiÁr¹zÀÝ®è. ºÉtÄÚ ªÀÄPÀ̽UÉ ±ÀQÛ PÀrªÉÄ, CªÀjUÉ ºÀ¸ÀÄ, zÀ£À, £Á¬Ä, PÀÄj »rAiÀÄ®Ä DUÉÆ®è. CªÀjUÉ £ÁdÆQ£À PÉ®¸ÀªÉà ¸Àj. £ÀªÀÄä ªÀiÁvÀÄ PÉüÀÄwÛ®è. ¤ªÀÄä §UÉÎ §ºÀ¼À UËgÀªÀ EzÉ CªÀ½UÉ. ¤ÃªÉà ºÉý JAzÀÄ PÉÆoÀr¬ÄAzÀ ºÉÆgÀ £ÀqÉzÀgÀÄ. £Á£ÀÄ ¸ÀÄzsÁgÁtÂUÉ
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Pashubandha 2015 2014
Volume No : 4 3 Issue : 09 01
UÁAiÀÄPÉÌ ¥ÀnÖ PÀnÖ PÉÊ vÉƼÉzÁUÀ £À£ÀUÉÆà AiÀÄÄzÀÝ UÉzÀÄÝ §AzÀAvÁ¬ÄvÀÄ. CAvÀÆ D¥ÀgÉõÀ£ï ¸ÀÄSÁAvÀåªÁV ªÀÄÄV¢vÀÄÛ. ªÀÄÄAzÉ PÉ®ªÉà PÀëtUÀ¼À°è UÉÆÃ¥Á® JZÀÑgÀUÉÆAqÀÄ JzÀÄÝ PÀĽvÀ. ¸ÀÄvÁÛ ¸ÉÃjzÀÝ ªÀÄ£É d£ÀPÉÌ ¸ÀAvÉÆõÀ. J®ègÀÆ £À£ÀߣÀÄß UËgÀªÀ¢AzÀ £ÉÆÃr vÀªÀÄä ªÀÄ£É £Á¬ÄUÉ D¥ÀgÉõÀ£ï ªÀiÁrzÀ £À£Àß PÉÊ PÀıÀ®PÉÌ £À£ÀߣÀÄß ºÉÆUÀ½zÀgÀÄ. CªÀjUɯÁè ¤dªÁzÀ ¥Àj¹Üw UÉÆvÉÛà EgÀ°®è. UÉÆÃ¥Á®£À£ÀÄß G½¸À®Ä £Á£ÀÄ ªÀiÁrzÀ J¯Áè ¥ÀæAiÀÄvÀß CªÀgÀ ¥Á°UÉ D¥ÀgÉõÀ£ï MAzÀÄ ¨sÁUÀªÁV PÀArvÀÄÛ. £Á£ÀÄ £À£Àß PÉ®¸À ªÀÄÄV¬ÄvÀÄ JAzÀÄ ºÉÆÃzÁUÀ ²æà §¸ÀªÀt¥Àà£ÀªÀgÀ PÀÄlÄA§zÀ J¯Áè d£À §AzÀÄ £À£ÀUÉ PÉÊ ªÀÄÄVzÀgÀÄ. DUÀ ²æà §¸ÀªÀt¥Àà£ÀªÀgÀÄ ºÉýzÀgÀÄ “J¯Áè PÉý, ¸ÀÄzsÁgÁt ¥À±ÀĪÉÊzÀå¼ÁUÀÄvÁÛ¼É. ¥À±ÀĪÉÊzÀågÀÄ AiÀiÁjUÀÆ PÀrªÉÄ E®è. ¸ÀAzsÀ§ð §AzÁUÀ CªÀgÀÄ ¥ÁætÂUÀ¼À eÉÆvÉ ªÀÄ£ÀĵÀåjUÀÆ aQvÉì PÉÆqÀÄvÁÛgÉ. EªÀvÀÄÛ qÁPÀÖgï £À£Àß ºÉAqÀwAiÀÄ£ÀÄß PÁ¥Ár, eÉÆvÉAiÀÄ°è UÉÆÃ¥Á®¤UÉ D¥ÀgÉõÀ£ï ªÀiÁr, ¥À±ÀĪÉÊzÀågÀÄ AiÀiÁjUÀÆ PÀrªÉÄ E®è JAzÀÄ vÉÆÃj¹zÁÝgÉ. ¥À±ÀĪÉÊzÀågÀ PÉ®¸À vÀÄA¨Á PÀµÀÖ. ¤ÃªÉà £ÉÆÃr¢gÀ®è, £ÀªÀÄä qÁPÀÖgï £Á¬Ä G¹gÁl ¤°è¹, ªÀÄvÉÛ G¹gÀÄ vÀÄA© D¥ÀgÉõÀ£ï ªÀiÁrzÁÝgÉ. CªÀgÀÄ zÉêÀgÉà ¸Àj. DzÀÝjAzÀ ¸ÀÄzsÁgÁt £ÀªÀÄä qÁPÀÖgï vÀgÀºÀ£Éà ¥À±ÀĪÉÊzÀå¼ÁUÀÄvÁÛ¼É. £À£Àß ¤tðAiÀÄ£Éà PÉÆ£É, ¨ÉÃgÉ ªÀiÁvÀÄ ¨ÉÃqÀ. ¸ÀÄvÁÛ £ÉÆÃrzÁUÀ J®ègÀ ªÀÄÄRzÀ°è M¦àUÉAiÀÄ ¨sÁªÀ EzÀÝgÉ ¸ÀÄzsÁgÁtÂAiÀÄ PÀtÚ£À°è ¸ÀAvÉÆõÀzÀ PÀtÂÚÃgÀÄ. £À£Àß ºÀÈzÀAiÀÄzÀ°è ¸ÁxÀðPÀvÉAiÀÄ ¨sÁªÀ. £À£ÀUÉ ¥ÁoÀ PÀ°¹zÀ J¯Áè ¥À±ÀĪÉÊzÀå UÀÄgÀÄUÀ½UÉ ªÀÄ£ÀzÀ¯Éèà ªÀA¢¹, £À£Àß PÉÊ £ÉPÀÄÌwÛzÀÝ UÉÆÃ¥Á®£À vÀ¯É ¸ÀªÀj ªÀÄ£É PÀqÉ ºÉÆgÀmÁUÀ £À£Àß ºÀÈzÀAiÀÄ PÀÆV ºÉývÀÄ “¥À±ÀĪÉÊzÀågÀÄ AiÀiÁjUÀÆ PÀrªÉÄ E®è”.
Shrikrishna Isloor and D. Rathnamma Rabies Diagnostic Laboratory,Dept. of Microbiology Veterinary College, KVAFSU,Hebbal, Bengaluru (Email; kisloor@rediffmail.com) Rabies is practically a 100% fatal disease and veterinarians play an important role in its control. In the process, they need to ensure the safety of themselves as well as the others. Following are the points to remember. Tips for animal owners / general public: How to avoid getting bitten
Do not stare at or provoke any animal.
Do not chase a dog or throw stones at them.
Do not run if a dog chases, instead stand still and call for help.
Do not tease a dog even if it is one’s own.
If a dog attacks, then curl and protect face, be still and call for help.
Adults must supervise all animal - kid interactions.
Do not give the animals hugs or kisses
Do not use aggressive punishment with the dog.
Put the pet dog in its cell with its favorite toy to chew when there is a gathering at the home.
Avoid stray dogs, cats and wild animals.
Pashubandha 2015 2014
Volume No : 4 3 Issue : 09 01
Never try to feed or approach a stray / wild animal.
Be careful of pets that one does not know.
If any animal is acting strangely, always report to the veterinarian.
IF AN INDIVIDUAL IS BITTEN, WHAT TO DO?
In case of children, encourage them to inform the elders immediately.
Do not apply any chilli powder, coffee powder or any other irritants to the wound
Do not succumb to superstition
Consult the doctor immediately so that he can decide on the further course of action to be taken.
Confine the dog , if possible
Must follow below mentioned three simple steps in the event of dog bites: STEP - 1: Wash the wound immediately with water and soap / detergent for 15 minutes. Apply antiseptics like povidone iodine / 70% ethyl alcohol. Consult the medical doctor immediately. STEP – 2: A full course of rabies vaccine should be taken as per the medical doctor’s advice. Commonly employed regimen includes post exposure prophylactic vaccination on days 0, 3, 7, 14 and 28. (Note: No contraindications to post exposure prophylaxis in infants, pregnant woman or immune-compromised individuals. As vaccines are susceptible to extremes of temperature including care should be taken to ensure that cold chain is maintained). STEP - 3: In severe bite cases, rabies immunoglobulin (RIG) should be administered into the wounds. A bleeding wound at any site must be infiltrated with either Human RIG or Equine RIG. ERIG is affordable by a common man. Approximately it costs Rs. 1500/- per individual. Rabies immunoglobulin is administered only once preferably at or as soon as possible after initiation of post exposure prophylaxis. Not indicated beyond 7th day after the first dose of rabies vaccine because of interference of active antibody due to vaccination and passive immunization. PRECAUTIONS FOR PET OWNERS:
Wash Hands thoroughly after handling animals
Don’t handle stray dogs /animals
Remove feces/dung from animal houses regularly
Avoid animals if suffering from any infection
Don’t let animals/pets drink water from sewage or toilet
Avoid being licked by animals or don’t kiss them
Don’t share food /utensils with pets
Clipping pet claws regularly to avoid scratches
Vaccinate your pets regularly
Use disinfectants to clean houses and animal sheds
Do not throw animal waste or dead animals in neighborhood
Pashubandha 2015 2014
Volume No : 4 3 Issue : 09 01
REMEMBER Be familiar with the clinical manifestation of rabies in animals Rabies is a 100% vaccine preventable disease.
Always institute prophylaxis immediately without delay.
Dog rabies control through immunization is the most cost effective single measure available. Always vaccinate pets.
Identify aggressive dogs through frequent observations of community / village dog populations and removed, isolated and dealt in a humane manner.
Laboratory confirmation of suspect / probable cases of rabies should be attempted and should become an integral part of the programme
Stay away from stray animals, Always ask the owner or an adult before petting a dog, cat or any other animal. Never adopt wild animals or stray animals and bring them home without consulting a veterinarian. Discourage feeding street dogs / animals instead adopt them on consulting veterinarian.
Pre exposure prophylaxis is recommended for anyone who is at frequent or increased risk for exposure to the rabies virus, such as laboratory workers dealing with rabies virus, veterinarians and animal handlers. Commonly employed regimen is intra muscular administration of one dose given on each of the days 0, 7 and 21 or 28. Day 0 is the date of administration of the first dose of vaccine. One intra dermal (I/D) injection of 0.1 ml is given on each of the days 0, 7 and 21 or 28. LOVE ANIMALS BUT STAY SAFE
monthly e-Bulletin Published and circulated by Veterinary
Editor: Dean, Veterinary College, Hebbal, Bengaluru Dr. S. Yathiraj (Ex-Officio)
College, Hebbal, Bengaluru.
Associate Editior: Head, Dept. of Vety.& Animal Husbandry Extension Education Dr. K. Satyanarayan (Ex-Officio)
Contact : Dept of Veterinary and Animal Husbandry Extension Education Veterinary College, Hebbal Bangalore email: pashubandhavch@gmail.com Blog: pashubandhavch.blogspot.in
Pashubandha 2015 2014
Volume No : 4 3 Issue : 09 01