Odcj plate 3 100417 by Hassan Mamun

potetial site

OPEN ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN COMPETITION FOR “HISTORIC PRESERVATION AND LANDSCAPE DESIGN OF THE OLD DHAKA CENTRAL JAIL AND REDEVELOPMENT OF ITS SURROUNDING AREA” R070DCJ17042 + + Vihara (विहार, vihāra) is the Sanskrit and Pali term for a Buddhist monastery. It originally meant "a secluded place in which to walk", and referred to "dwellings" or "refuges" used by wandering monks during the rainy season. The northern Indian state of Bihar derives its name from the word "vihara", due to the abundance of Buddhist monasteries in that area. The word "vihara" has also been borrowed in Malay where it is spelled "biara," and denotes a monastery or other non-Muslim place of worship. In Thailand and China (called jingshe; Chinese: ), "vihara" has a narrower meaning, and designates a small shrine hall or retreat house. It is called a "Wihan" ( ) in Thai, and a "Vihear" in Khmer. In Burmese, wihara ( , IPA: [wḭhəɹa]), means "monastery," but the native Burmese word kyaung ( , IPA: [tɕáʊɴ]) is preferred. Monks wandering from place to place preaching and seeking alms often stayed together in the sangha.[citation needed] The earliest Buddhist rock-cut cave abodes and sacred places (chaiti) are found in the western Deccan dating back to the 3rd century BC.[2] These earliest rock-cut caves include the Bhaja Caves, the Karla Caves, and some of the Ajanta Caves. Relics found in these caves suggest an important connection between the religious and the commercial, as Buddhist missionaries often accompanied traders on the busy international trading routes through India. Some of the cave viharas and chaityas, commissioned by wealthy traders, included pillars, arches, reliefs and facades while trade boomed between the Roman Empire and south-east Asia.[3][4] Epigraphic, literary and archaeological evidence testify to the existence of many Buddhist Viharas in Bengal (West Bengal and Bangladesh) and Bihar from the 5th century AD to the end of the 12th century. These monasteries were generally designed in the old traditional Kushana pattern, a square block formed by four rows of cells along the four sides of an inner courtyard. They were usually built of stone or brick. As the monastic organization developed, they became elaborate brick structures with many adjuncts. Often they consisted of several stories and along the inner courtyard there usually ran a veranda supported on pillars. In some of them a stupa or shrine with a dais appeared. Within the shrine stood the icon of Buddha, Bodhisattva or Buddhist female deities. More or less the same plan was followed in building monastic establishments in Bengal and Bihar during the Gupta and Pala Empire period. In course of time monasteries became important centres of learning. At the age of Mauryan emperor Ashoka the great the Mahabodhi Temple was built in the form of vihara. An idea of the plan and structure of some of the flourishing monasteries may be found from the account of Xuanzang, who referred to the grand monastery of Po-si-po, situated about 6.5 km west of the capital city of Pundravardhana (Mahasthan). The monastery was famous for its spacious halls and tall chambers. General Cunningham identified this vihara with bhasu vihara. Huen-tsang also noticed the famous Lo-to-mo-chi vihara (Raktamrittika Mahavihara) near Karnasuvarna (Rangamati, Murshidabad, West Bengal). The site of the monastery has been identified at Rangamati (modern Chiruti, Murshidabad, West Bengal). A number of smaller monastic blocks arranged on a regular plan, with other adjuncts, like shrines, stupas, pavilions etc. have been excavated from the site. One of the earliest viharas in Bengal was located at Biharail (Rajshahi district, Bangladesh). The plan oforiginal the monastery was designed on an ancientsite pattern, i.e. site potential rows of cells round a central courtyard. may beidentified a The main area of The date of the monastery Careful observation intervention is identified on desperate need to preserve the ascribed to the Gupta period. program. Dueidentification to density cultural monastic heritage as well as As the Buddhist ideologythe encouraged with trade, and its nature DMDP growth. due to the fist CBD and complexes became stopovers for inland traders and provided lodging houses masterplan has not preclude waterways potential future that were usually located potential near trade routes. As their mercantile royal needs to a heritage growth and , infrastructure conservation for the area. have aninterior institutional regulations endowments grew, cave interiors became more elaborate with walls Lack of thoughtful traffic to oversee the growth in a very decorated with beautiful paintings exquisite reliefs and intricate carvings.[3] study and uncontrolled controlled manner. lack of public Elaborate facades were added the aexteriors as the interiors growthto leaves large space,became less connectivity shrinks vacuam to develope LPC for the urban living designated for specific uses as monasteries (viharas) and worship hallsstandards. (chaityas). Over the centuries simple caves began to resemble three-dimensional buildings, formally designed and requiring highly skilled artisans and craftsmen to complete as in the Ellora Caves. The highly skilled artisans never forgot their timber roots and imitated the nuances of a wooden structure and the wood grain.[5] The Ajanta Caves in Aurangabad district of Maharashtra state of India are about 29 rock-cut Buddhist cave monuments which date from the 2nd century BCE to about 480 or 650 CE.[2][3] The caves include paintings and rock cut sculptures described as among the finest surviving examples of ancient Indian art, particularly expressive paintings that present emotion through gesture, pose and form.[4][5][6] According to UNESCO, these are masterpieces of Buddhist religious art that influenced Indian art that followed.[7] The caves were built in two phases, the first group starting around the 2nd century BC, while the second group of caves built around 400–650 CE according to older accounts, or all in a brief period of 460 to 480 according to Walter M. Spink.[8] The site is a protected monument in the care of the Archaeological Survey of India,[9] and since 1983, the Ajanta Caves have been a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The Ajanta Caves constitute ancient monasteries and worship halls of different Buddhist traditions carved into a 250 feet wall of rock.[10][11] The caves also present paintings depicting the past lives and rebirths of the Buddha, pictorial tales from Aryasura's Jatakamala, as well as rock-cut sculptures of Buddhist deities in vogue between the 2nd century BCE and 5th century CE.[10][12][13] Textual records suggest that these caves served as a monsoon retreat for monks, as well as a resting site for merchants and pilgrims in ancient India.[10] While vivid colours and mural wall painting were abundant in Indian history as evidenced by historical records, Caves 16, 17, 1 and 2 of Ajanta form the largest corpus of surviving ancient Indian wall-painting.[14] The Ajanta Caves site are mentioned in the memoirs of several medieval era Chinese Buddhist travelers to India and by a Mughal era official B of Akbar era in early 17th century.[15] They were covered by jungle until accidentally "discovered" and brought to the Western attention in 1819 by a colonial British officer on a tiger hunting party.[16] The Ajanta caves are located on the side of a rocky cliff that is on the north side of a U-shaped gorge on the small river Waghur,[17] in the Deccan plateau.[18][19] Further round the gorge are a number of waterfalls, which when the river is high are audible from outside the caves.[20] With the Ellora Caves, Ajanta is the major tourist attraction of Maharashtra. C city of Jalgaon, Maharashtra, They are about 59 kilometres (37 miles) from the India, 60 kilometres (37 miles) from Pachora, 104 kilometres (65 miles) from the city of Aurangabad, and 350 kilometres (220 miles) east-northeast from Mumbai.[10][21] They are 100 kilometres (62 miles) from the Ellora Caves, which contain Hindu, Jain as well as Buddhist caves, the last dating from a period similar to Ajanta. The Ajanta style is also found in the Ellora Caves and other sites such as the Elephanta Caves and the cave temples of Karnataka.[22]

potetial site

+ potetial site

Sector 1

Sector 2

Sector 3

ENTRY & EXIT

potetial site

ENTRY & EXIT

A +

infrastructure

potential developing area Both side of the identified infrastructure lines potential development can be possible if RAJUK can take a pilot project. in heritage cities more stringent development regulation is necessary to retain the existing form of development . it can be a form of tax, price regulation.

existing site

Location of the site falls in to the cultural corridor of the city. From Shahbagh to chawkbazar , showari ghat roads can be redesigned for better connectivity. on the west side Lalbagh and east side Shakhari Bazar can tie the cultural belt aswell. Potential Watertaxi connection can enhance the connectivity.

Sector 4

Focus:1

Focus:2

Use existing features to establish green networks

Focus:3

Focus:4

Introduce green space for collective use

Use existing features to establish green networks

Impacts: Protect natural environment

Impacts: Protect nature with in the city

Actors Planner, NGO’s, Municipality, Politician

1 ENTRY & EXIT

+ Street line

Street line

strategic location of the site

+1 2

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vihara Ellora (\e-ˈlȯr-ə\, IAST: Vērūḷ) is one of the largest rock-cut monastery-temple caves complexes in the world, and a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1 improve movility and connectivity Maharashtra, India. The site presents monuments and artwork of Buddhism, + Hinduism and Jainism from the 600-1000 CE period.[1][2] Cave 16 of Ellora 2 connect existing infrastcture features the + largest single monolithic rock excavation in the world, the Kailasha temple, a chariot shaped monument dedicated to Shiva. The Kailasha temple 3 ecology and landscape excavation + also presents the gods, goddesses and mythologies found in Vaishnavism, Shaktism and relief panels summarizing the two major Hindu 4 zoning upgrade Epics.[3][4][5] + The site features over 100 caves, of which 34 caves are open to public.[3] 5 incorporation and creating urban subcenter These were + excavated out of the vertical basalt cliff in the Charanandri hills. These consist of 12 Buddhist (caves 1–12), 17 Hindu (caves 13–29) and 5 Jain 6 NGO’s (caves 30–34) caves.[6][7] Each group presents the respective deities and = mythologies prevalentPlan in 1st millennium CE, as well as the monasteries of that Strategic Operation religion.[6] They were built in proximity and illustrate the religious harmony prevalent in ancient India.[2][8] All Ellora monuments were built + + during Hindu + housing bazar dynasties (funding was done by royals, traders and rich of that region), suchtransit as the Rashtrakuta dynasty who built some of the Hindu & Buddhist group of caves, and Yadav dynasty who built some of the Jain group ofPoi caves.[3][9] Ellora was an important historic commercial center of the Deccan region, impact point of interestas located on an ancient trade route of South Asia.[10] The caves served has been marked as a special featurestoofrest,[7] the monasteries for monks, Area temples for prayers and a place for pilgrims potential area of impact for the identified area can be used but now is an archaeological site. Itcity is 29 kilometres (18 miles) north-west to pilot test case. needs to specific zones, nodes. Using the boundary to the city of Aurangabad, identify and about 300 kilometres (190 miles) east-northeast these zones will identify the implement growth pattern the place from Mumbai. Ellora Caves, along withandthe nearby Ajantacharacter Caves,ofform onewill of clause intuned with property trigger a degree of is a the major tourist attractions in Marathwada Ellora tax and urban amenities. Aregion of Maharashtra. autonomy. protected monument under the Archaeological Survey of India.[11] potential prototype will a outcome. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ellora_Caves

Building on propeerty line

Street line Street line

2 shop houses on the street level

public space

multi modal traffic

street turned into temporary shops

lack of organizational principal

lack of breathing space

uncontrolled growth

schools

1-3 urban tools strategic urban development can be tested on an incremental basis. potential development of form and tool can also be evolved enticing the behavioral growth. it is amenable potential reaction.

A, B, C prototypes protypical structures, form and development can be replecated in zones. it is to be tested how it reflects with the surrounding. rather than an imposing development an user dependent development has always been tested and practiced.

The Kailasa temple architecture is different from the earlier style prevalent in the Deccan region. As stated above, it appears to be based on the Virupaksha Temple at Pattadakal and the Kailasa temple at Kanchi, but it is not an exact imitation of these two temples.[21] The southern influence on the temple architecture can be attributed to the involvement of Chalukya and Pallava artists in its construction.[22] The indigenous Deccan artisans appear to have played a subordinate role in the temple's construction.[23] The entrance to the temple courtyard features a low gopuram.[1] Most of the deities at the left of the entrance are Shaivaite (followers of Lord Shiva) while on the right hand side the deities are Vaishnavaites (followers of Lord Vishnu). A two-storeyed gateway opens to reveal a U-shaped courtyard. The dimensions of the courtyard are 82 m x 46 m at the base.[1] The courtyard is edged by a columned arcade three stories high. The arcades are punctuated by huge sculpted panels, and alcoves containing enormous sculptures of a variety of deities. Originally flying bridges of stone connected these galleries to central

adaptive reuse of the old buildings

tacheles reuses

multilevel connection in step well

connection between courtyards

scale: 1: 600