Investigation board mockup from the Concluding Event/exhibition *WOOD OBERPFALZ* at 8. February 2023, Pavilion 333
Our topicInvestigative logistics - The Transparent Regionality
Gottfried Roggenhofer Hohenfels, Oberpfalz Ehrl Sägewerk GmbH Breitenbrunn, Oberpfalz
Ladenburger Baden-Württemberg, Oberpfalz Sägewerk Michael Kraus e.K. Nittenau,Oberpfalz Manfred Dallmeier Altenthann, Oberpfalz Schön Holzhandel GmbH Regensburg, Oberpfalz
source: Chatham House, The Royal Institute of International Affairs, 2020 1000 5000 Exporter Germany Importer All countries Commodity Lumber and sawn wood Year 2020 North America United States total weight imported 1.2m t total value imported $570m Central Europe Austria total weight imported 2.7 m t total value imported $433m Belgium total weight imported 1.6 m t total value imported $187m The Netherlands total weight imported 294 k t total value imported $294m France total weight imported 842 k t total value imported $250m Asia China total weight imported 5.6 m t total value imported $834 m Poland total weight imported 1.2m t total value imported $105m Italy total weight imported 1.2m t total value imported $119m UK total weight imported 1.2m t total value imported $157m 7300 km 1000 km source: NewYork Times, Planet Maps Damage from logging in Romania’s Cheile Bicazului-Hasmas National Park Logs have been shipped to ANco and other companies that make pellets 1 single-family house built using solid wood relieves the atmosphere of up to 90 tons of CO2. 1m3 of wood can remove up to 1 t of CO2 from the atmosphere, store the carbon permanently and release valuable oxygen. source: Holzforum Allgäu, 2022 source: Holzforum Allgäu, 2022 1 single-family house built using solid wood relieves the atmosphere of up to 90 tons of CO2. 1m3 of wood can remove up to 1 t of CO2 from the atmosphere, store the carbon permanently and release valuable oxygen. source: Holzforum Allgäu, 2022 source: Holzforum Allgäu, 2022 "Only with the return to the regional will climate protection work." Shorter transportation distances for products better conditions for the lobby but what does being regional actually mean? Shorter commutes for the employees higher prices possible discrepency between product and used sortiment quality depends on conditions in the specific region potential lack of equiped employees in the region Better controllability 5 Low Low High High Transaction volume Transparency 0 10 20 50 source: Google, Holzversorgung Oberpfalz Carpenters Holzbau Semmler Hemau, Oberpfalz Schweiger Holzbau & Dachdeckerei GmbH Altenthann, Oberpfalz Strobel Holzbau GmbH & Co. KG Neukirchen bei Sulzbach-Rosenberg, Oberpfalz Sawmills Holz-Wolfram GmbH Pressath, Oberpfalz Spies GmbH Lauterhofen, Oberpfalz Gottfried Roggenhofer Hohenfels, Oberpfalz Ehrl Sägewerk GmbH Breitenbrunn, Oberpfalz Carpenters Holzbau Semmler Hemau, Oberpfalz Schweiger Holzbau & Dachdeckerei GmbH Altenthann, Oberpfalz Strobel Holzbau GmbH & Co. KG Neukirchen bei Sulzbach-Rosenberg, Oberpfalz Sawmills Holz-Wolfram GmbH Pressath, Oberpfalz Spies GmbH Lauterhofen, Oberpfalz
0 10 20 50 Pellet exports in 2021 by volumes ? ? ? In 2022 the EU consumed more wood pellets than any other region source: NewYork Times, European Environmental Investigation Agency, 2022 source: Der Spiegel, 2015 Low High Transaction volume source: Interviews with members of Holzversorgung Oberpfalz source: Google, Holzversorgung Oberpfalz Dachdeckerei GmbH Sulzbach-Rosenberg, Oberpfalz Sawmills Holz-Wolfram GmbH Pressath, Oberpfalz Spies GmbH Lauterhofen, Oberpfalz Gottfried Roggenhofer Hohenfels, Oberpfalz Ehrl Sägewerk GmbH Breitenbrunn, Oberpfalz GmbH Oberpfalz Sawmills Holz-Wolfram GmbH Pressath, Oberpfalz Spies GmbH Lauterhofen, Oberpfalz Gottfried Roggenhofer Hohenfels, Oberpfalz Ehrl Sägewerk GmbH Breitenbrunn, Oberpfalz Ladenburger Baden-Württemberg, Oberpfalz Sägewerk Michael Kraus e.K. Nittenau,Oberpfalz Manfred Dallmeier Altenthann, Oberpfalz Schön Holzhandel GmbH Regensburg, Oberpfalz 0 10 20 50 ? ? ? Forests Germany Area 32% Year 2012 source: Chatham House, The Royal Institute of International Affairs, 2020 Oberphalz Forest area 42 % Bavaria Forest area 37 % 0 50 100 200 Germany Italy Belgium Spain Low Low High High Transaction volume Transparency 0 10 20 50 source: Interviews with members of Holzversorgung Oberpfalz source: Google, Holzversorgung Oberpfalz Carpenters Holzbau Semmler Hemau, Oberpfalz Schweiger Holzbau & Dachdeckerei GmbH Altenthann, Oberpfalz Neukirchen bei Sulzbach-Rosenberg, Oberpfalz Sawmills Pressath, Oberpfalz Spies GmbH Lauterhofen, Oberpfalz Gottfried Roggenhofer Hohenfels, Oberpfalz Ehrl Sägewerk GmbH Breitenbrunn, Oberpfalz Carpenters Holzbau Semmler Hemau, Oberpfalz Schweiger Holzbau & Dachdeckerei GmbH Altenthann, Oberpfalz Strobel Holzbau GmbH & Co. KG Neukirchen bei Sulzbach-Rosenberg, Oberpfalz Sawmills Holz-Wolfram GmbH Pressath, Oberpfalz Spies GmbH Lauterhofen, Oberpfalz Gottfried Roggenhofer Hohenfels, Oberpfalz Ehrl Sägewerk GmbH Breitenbrunn, Oberpfalz Ladenburger Baden-Württemberg, Oberpfalz Sägewerk Michael Kraus e.K. Nittenau,Oberpfalz Manfred Dallmeier Altenthann, Oberpfalz Schön Holzhandel GmbH Regensburg, Oberpfalz 0 10 20 50 Pellet exports in 2021 by volumes ? ? ? source: BioEnergy Europe, 2022 In 2022 the EU consumed more wood pellets than any other region countries source: NewYork Times, European Environmental Investigation Agency, 2022 source: Der Spiegel, 2015 source: Illegal wood for the European market, WWF, 2008 SUSTAINABLE & TRANSPARENT SUPPLY CHAIN - used materials - quality of the materials - the production process TRACEABLITY INFORMATION PROCESS INFORMATION MATERIAL INFORMATION about : about : - involved suppliers names - involved suppliers roles - involved suppliers locations - purchasing practicesgeneral TRANSACTIONAL COMMITMENT - commitments to comply with laws, regulations, - negative social impacts - negative environmental impacts - general sustainability about : about : about : about :- environmental activities taken - general sustainabilityactivities taken - the evaluation of - the evaluation of general sustainability EFFECTIVENESS ACTIVITY IMPACT source: Gardner, T.A. Transparency and sustainability in global commodity supply chains, 2018 1 single-family house built using solid wood relieves the atmosphere of up to 90 tons of CO2. 1m3 of wood can remove up to 1 t of CO2 from the atmosphere, store the carbon permanently and release valuable oxygen. source: Holzforum Allgäu, 2022 1 single-family house built using solid wood relieves the atmosphere of up to 90 tons of CO2. 1m3 of wood can remove up to 1 t of CO2 from the atmosphere, store the carbon permanently and release valuable oxygen. source: Holzforum Allgäu, 2022 "Only with the return to the regional will climate protection work." Shorter transportation distances for products better conditions for the lobby but what does being regional actually mean? Shorter commutes for the employees higher prices possible discrepency between product and used sortiment quality depends on conditions in the specific region potential lack of equiped employees in the region Better controllability 1 single-family house built using solid wood relieves the atmosphere of up to 90 tons of CO2. 1m3 of wood can remove up to 1 t of CO2 from the atmosphere, store the carbon permanently and release valuable oxygen. source: Holzforum Allgäu, 2022 source: Holzforum Allgäu, 2022 1 single-family house built using solid wood relieves the atmosphere of up to 90 tons of CO2. 1m3 of wood can remove up to 1 t of CO2 from the atmosphere, store the carbon permanently and release valuable oxygen. source: Holzforum Allgäu, 2022 source: Holzforum Allgäu, 2022 possible discrepency between product and used sortiment potential lack of 1 single-family house built using solid wood relieves the atmosphere of up to 90 tons of CO2. 1m3 of wood can remove up to 1 t of CO2 from the atmosphere, store the carbon permanently and release valuable oxygen. source: Holzforum Allgäu, 2022 source: Holzforum Allgäu, 2022 1 single-family house built using solid wood relieves the atmosphere of up to 90 tons of CO2. 1m3 of wood can remove up to 1 t of CO2 from the atmosphere, store the carbon permanently and release valuable oxygen. source: Holzforum Allgäu, 2022 source: Holzforum Allgäu, 2022 "Only with the return to the regional will climate protection work." but what does being regional actually mean? Shorter commutes for the employees higher prices possible discrepency between product and used sortiment quality depends on conditions in the specific region potential lack of equiped employees in the region We started our journey by researching import and export of wooden logs in Germany. Data showed that Germany exports high volumes of logs to countries like the USA and China which made us ask the question, is this type of commercial market sustainable from an environmental perspective? Even though wood is considered to be a sustainable material, especially with its sudden popularity in Germany because of its renewable characteristics, the business supporting functions like logistics and transportation for overseas destinations raises the argument. If we compare the price of the logs being sold from Germany to other continents and those being sent to neighboring countries, we can clearly see that there is a money driven motivation - German timber producers are keen to export their production overseas because they get paid a lot more. At the same time we need to acknowledge the CO2 emitted by these long travels. For instance, if we look at the amount and value of German Lumber and sawn wood exported to the United States, it becomes obvious that there is
Ger-
a map,
seem overall much less disturbing - European markets
undoubtedly dominating.
we couldn’t ignore some facts that we came across during our research. The Eu-
Union is controlling the logging and timber market with a legislative document - The Timber Regulation (EUTR). This document, in cooperation with Forest Law En-
Governance
Trade
Plan, focuses a lot
imports from countries outside of the EU, creating some sort of imaginative shield that prevents illegal cut wood from entering the European union. But a different picture is developing inside the EU, where, it turns out, the timber market is much less controlled and regulated because it is organized as an open market in the region. We started to dissect this issue thread by thread and decided to find out which countries in Europe show the most unfortunate data on illegal tree cutting in general. This was the moment we started connecting the dots. During our research a scheme was discovered in which logs from Virgin forests in Romania are further processed in Austria and then sent around Europe as European quality timber. Similarly in Finland (which is among the biggest timber and wooden furniture importers to Germany) was a case where not fully sustainable retrieved logs was approved with FSC certification (widely recognised as the highest global certification standard for forest management). Finlands biggest importer for logs is Russia, which is also the case of Eastern European countries. It is a questionable choice because Russia is within the top ten countries of illegal logging cases world wide, standing close to Amazon Rainforest devastation. Russian ancient oak, ash, linden and elm trees are moved to China where they are produced into furniture, flooring etc. and which are then sold world wide including Europe. This applies not only for premium products but also for your next door ikea purchases, which has been caught previously in similar schemes of obtaining raw wood materials. Furthermore once the log is further processed we consider its origin lost. Here with the red border line around the log, which stands here in the pavilion today as a sculpture, we tried to represent the dividing line where the possibility of tracing its origin is lost. It becomes the tree of the country it processed, not where it physically grew. This we can clearly see in one of the case studies we were able to analyze - wood cut in virgin forests in northern Romania, ends up being produced in pellets and sent to many ‘so called’ green energy providers in Germany, Austria and even Great Britain. Investigative Logistics - The Transparent Regionality
a small quantity being sent for a much higher price then, for example, to Italy. It would be harsh to judge this business approach on its own, because there clearly supply is following the demand and there surely is demand for this product in countries far away from Germany, though, in the era of climate change it would be irresponsible to ignore this growing tendency of generating gray emissions in our supply chains. This is in general a big problem in global logistics chains, that can’t be really fixed without concentrating on locally sourced materials. These questions stated above led us to investigate where our logs actually come from? To answer this question we, similarly to the previous analysis, started with looking at the data about the German market. If we put the biggest timber importers to
many on
the pattern could
are
Though
ropean
forcement,
and
Action
on
timber in the EU
77% of Europeans think the European Commission should take action to ensure the regulation is extended to cover all wood-based products.
82% of Europeans think the European Commission should take action to ensure that the regulation is applied fully and consistently across all EU countries.
85% of Europeans want stronger measures in place to make sure they can’t unwittingly buy
Germany Italy Belgium Spain 2 Low Low High High Transaction volume Transparency 0 10 20 50 source: Interviews with members of Holzversorgung Oberpfalz Carpenters Holzbau Semmler Hemau, Oberpfalz Schweiger Holzbau & Dachdeckerei GmbH Altenthann, Oberpfalz Neukirchen bei Sulzbach-Rosenberg, Oberpfalz Sawmills Pressath, Oberpfalz Spies GmbH Lauterhofen, Oberpfalz Gottfried Roggenhofer Hohenfels, Oberpfalz Ehrl Sägewerk GmbH Breitenbrunn, Oberpfalz Carpenters Holzbau Semmler Hemau, Oberpfalz Schweiger Holzbau & Dachdeckerei GmbH Altenthann, Oberpfalz Strobel Holzbau GmbH & Co. KG Neukirchen bei Sulzbach-Rosenberg, Oberpfalz Sawmills Holz-Wolfram GmbH Pressath, Oberpfalz Spies GmbH Lauterhofen, Oberpfalz Gottfried Roggenhofer Hohenfels, Oberpfalz Ehrl Sägewerk GmbH Breitenbrunn, Oberpfalz 0 10 20 50 Pellet exports in 2021 by volumes ? ? ? source: BioEnergy Europe, 2022 In 2022 the EU consumed more wood pellets than any other region countries wood laundering? source: NewYork Times, European Environmental Investigation Agency, 2022 source: Der Spiegel, 2015 source: Illegal wood for the European market, WWF, 2008 Exporter All countries Importer Germany Commodity Lumber and sawn wood Year 2020 Central Europe Czech Republic total weight imported 2.5 m t total value imported $276m Poland total weight imported 1.1 m t total value imported $232m Austria total weight imported 714 k t total value imported $361m France total weight imported 352 k t total value imported $72.1m Europe/Asia Russia total weight imported 514 k t total value imported $223 m Belgium total weight imported 339 k t total value imported $94.9m Netherlands total weight imported 304 k t total value imported $88.3m 7300 km 1000 km Northern Europe Sweden total weight imported 583 k t total value imported $227 m Norway total weight imported 59.6 k t total value imported $157m Finland total weight imported 267 k t total value imported $124 m Lithuania total weight imported 178 k t total value imported $157m Eastern Europe Belarus total weight imported 397 k t total value imported $71.6 m 0 1000 5000 source: Chatham House, The Royal Institute of International Affairs, 2020 Clear-cutting in the Karelian forests near the Finnish border overall share of illegal wood into EU between 16% and 18% Import of illegally harvested wood Year 2009 source: Thünen-Institut, Institute for Forest Economics, 2009 Imports of illegally harvested wood 1,000 m3 (r), average estimated % 3,0-3,5 3,6-4,5 4,6-6,5 6,6-8,0 9-9,5,0 no data 0 200 500 1000 source: European Environment Agency, 2015 Extent of illegal logging official estimates - total harvested volume % not of concern 0-1 1-2 2-10 10-35 no data Illegal Logging Year 2015 0 200 500 1000 Germany Italy Belgium Spain Low Low High High Transaction volume Transparency source: Interviews with members of Holzversorgung Oberpfalz source: Google, Holzversorgung Oberpfalz Sawmills Pressath, Oberpfalz Spies GmbH Lauterhofen, Oberpfalz Gottfried Roggenhofer Hohenfels, Oberpfalz Ehrl Sägewerk GmbH Breitenbrunn, Oberpfalz Sawmills Holz-Wolfram GmbH Pressath, Oberpfalz Spies GmbH Lauterhofen, Oberpfalz Gottfried Roggenhofer Hohenfels, Oberpfalz Ehrl Sägewerk GmbH Breitenbrunn, Oberpfalz Ladenburger Baden-Württemberg, Oberpfalz Sägewerk Michael Kraus e.K. Nittenau,Oberpfalz Manfred Dallmeier Altenthann, Oberpfalz Schön Holzhandel GmbH Regensburg, Oberpfalz 0 10 20 50 Pellet exports in 2021 by volumes ? ? ? BioEnergy Europe, 2022 any other region laundering? source: NewYork Times, European Environmental Investigation Agency, 2022 source: Der Spiegel, 2015 source: Illegal wood for the European market, WWF, 2008 Finland UK Germany 0 10 20 50 source: Interviews with members of Holzversorgung Carpenters Holzbau Semmler Hemau, Oberpfalz Schweiger Holzbau & Dachdeckerei GmbH Altenthann, Oberpfalz Neukirchen bei Sulzbach-Rosenberg, Oberpfalz Sawmills Pressath, Oberpfalz Spies GmbH Lauterhofen, Oberpfalz Gottfried Roggenhofer Hohenfels, Oberpfalz Ehrl Sägewerk GmbH Breitenbrunn, Oberpfalz Carpenters Holzbau Semmler Hemau, Oberpfalz Schweiger Holzbau & Dachdeckerei GmbH Altenthann, Oberpfalz Strobel Holzbau GmbH & Co. KG Neukirchen bei Sulzbach-Rosenberg, Oberpfalz Sawmills Holz-Wolfram GmbH Pressath, Oberpfalz Spies GmbH Lauterhofen, Oberpfalz Gottfried Roggenhofer Hohenfels, Oberpfalz Ehrl Sägewerk GmbH Breitenbrunn, Oberpfalz Ladenburger Baden-Württemberg, Oberpfalz Sägewerk Michael Kraus Nittenau,Oberpfalz Manfred Dallmeier Altenthann, Oberpfalz Schön Holzhandel GmbH Regensburg, Oberpfalz source: BioEnergy Europe, 2022 In 2022 the EU consumed more wood pellets than any other region 20 million tonnes wood laundering? source: Illegal Finland UK Germany Italy Netherl. France Belgium Spain Estonia 2 Low Low High High Transaction volume Transparency 0 10 20 50 source: Interviews with members of Holzversorgung Oberpfalz source: Google, Holzversorgung Oberpfalz Carpenters Holzbau Semmler Hemau, Oberpfalz Schweiger Holzbau & Dachdeckerei GmbH Altenthann, Oberpfalz Neukirchen bei Sulzbach-Rosenberg, Oberpfalz Sawmills Pressath, Oberpfalz Spies GmbH Lauterhofen, Oberpfalz Gottfried Roggenhofer Hohenfels, Oberpfalz Ehrl Sägewerk GmbH Breitenbrunn, Oberpfalz Carpenters Holzbau Semmler Hemau, Oberpfalz Schweiger Holzbau & Dachdeckerei GmbH Altenthann, Oberpfalz Strobel Holzbau GmbH & Co. KG Neukirchen bei Sulzbach-Rosenberg, Oberpfalz Sawmills Holz-Wolfram GmbH Pressath, Oberpfalz Spies GmbH Lauterhofen, Oberpfalz Gottfried Roggenhofer Hohenfels, Oberpfalz Ehrl Sägewerk GmbH Breitenbrunn, Oberpfalz Ladenburger Baden-Württemberg, Oberpfalz Sägewerk Michael Kraus e.K. Nittenau,Oberpfalz Manfred Dallmeier Altenthann, Oberpfalz Schön Holzhandel GmbH Regensburg, Oberpfalz 0 10 20 50 Pellet exports in 2021 by volumes ? ? ? source: BioEnergy Europe, 2022 In 2022 the EU consumed more wood pellets than any other region 20 million tonnes wood laundering? source: NewYork Times, European Environmental Investigation Agency, 2022 source: Der Spiegel, 2015 source: Illegal wood for the European market, WWF, 2008 Germany Italy Belgium Spain 2 Low High Transaction volume Transparency 0 10 20 50 source: Interviews with members of Holzversorgung Oberpfalz Carpenters Holzbau Semmler Hemau, Oberpfalz Schweiger Holzbau & Dachdeckerei GmbH Altenthann, Oberpfalz Neukirchen bei Sulzbach-Rosenberg, Oberpfalz Sawmills Pressath, Oberpfalz Lauterhofen, Oberpfalz Gottfried Roggenhofer Hohenfels, Oberpfalz Ehrl Sägewerk GmbH Breitenbrunn, Oberpfalz Carpenters Holzbau Semmler Hemau, Oberpfalz Schweiger Holzbau & Dachdeckerei GmbH Altenthann, Oberpfalz Strobel Holzbau GmbH & Co. KG Neukirchen bei Sulzbach-Rosenberg, Oberpfalz Sawmills Holz-Wolfram GmbH Pressath, Oberpfalz Spies GmbH Lauterhofen, Oberpfalz Gottfried Roggenhofer Hohenfels, Oberpfalz Ehrl Sägewerk GmbH Breitenbrunn, Oberpfalz Baden-Württemberg, Oberpfalz Sägewerk Michael Kraus e.K. Nittenau,Oberpfalz Manfred Dallmeier Altenthann, Oberpfalz Schön Holzhandel GmbH Regensburg, Oberpfalz Pellet exports in 2021 by volumes ? ? ? source: BioEnergy Europe, 2022 In 2022 the EU consumed more wood pellets than any other region countries wood laundering? source: NewYork Times, European Environmental Investigation Agency, 2022 source: Der Spiegel, 2015 source: Illegal wood for the European market, WWF, 2008 82% of Europeans think the European Commission should take action to ensure that the regulation is applied fully and consistently across all EU countries. 85% of Europeans want stronger measures in place to make sure they can’t unwittingly buy products made from illegally logged timber. 73% of Europeans didn’t know it was still Zoducts made of illega lly logged timber in the EU 77% of Europeans think the European Commission should take action to ensure the regulation is extended to cover all wood-based products. source: YouGov survey of over 10,000 people, 2015 source: YouGov survey of over 10,000 people, 2015 source: YouGov survey of over 10,000 people, 2015 source: YouGov survey of over 10,000 people, 2015 82% of Europeans think the European Commission should take action to ensure that the regulation is applied fully and consistently across all EU countries. 85% of Europeans
stronger measures in place to make sure they can’t unwittingly buy products made from illegally logged timber. 73% of Europeans
want
didn’t know it was still Zoducts made of illega lly logged
source: YouGov survey of over 10,000 people, 2015 source: YouGov survey of over 10,000 people, 2015 source: YouGov survey of over 10,000 people, 2015 source: YouGov survey of over 10,000 people, 2015
products made from illegally logged timber. 73% didn’t know it was still of illega lly logged timber in the EU 77% think the European should take action to regulation is extended to wood-based products. source: YouGov survey of over 10,000 people, 2015 source: YouGov survey of over 10,000 people, 2015 source: YouGov survey of over 10,000 people, 2015 source: YouGov survey of over 10,000 people, 2015 overall share of illegal wood into EU between 16% and 18% Low High Transaction volume source: Google, Holzversorgung Oberpfalz 0 10 20 50 ? ? ? overall share of illegal wood into EU between 16% and 18% 4 Low Low High High Transaction volume Transparency source: Interviews with members of Holzversorgung Oberpfalz source: Google, Holzversorgung Oberpfalz Oberpfalz Oberpfalz Roggenhofer Oberpfalz Oberpfalz Oberpfalz Roggenhofer Oberpfalz Oberpfalz Ladenburger Baden-Württemberg, Oberpfalz Sägewerk Michael Kraus e.K. Nittenau,Oberpfalz Manfred Dallmeier Altenthann, Oberpfalz Schön Holzhandel GmbH Regensburg, Oberpfalz 0 10 20 50 Pellet exports in 2021 by volumes ? ? ? laundering? source: Der Spiegel, 2015
overall share of illegal wood into EU between 16% and 18% opportunity for regional organizations to promote transparency Finland UK Germany 0 50 10 20 In the quest for more sustainable life, materials, such as wood, gain more and more significance in our daily doings. Still, even if timber is a great CO2 storage, it is important to question what its place of origin is and how did its way to your home or the closest home depo look like. More transparency in the field of logistics can help the end-user evaluate if the qualities of a certain material supersede the emissions it emits through its travel distance. Nowadays in practice this is not always the case. For example, if the CO2 emitted to bring two similar logs –one from Romania and one from Oberpfalz – is being calculated, it is possible to easily compare that only the transportation of a regionally sourced wood already makes us able to release approx. 6x less CO2 into the atmosphere. this frame was constructed by adapting and re-using extra tables left at our studio Finland UK Germany Italy Netherl. France Belgium Spain Estonia Low Low High High Transaction volume Transparency 0 10 20 50 source: Interviews with members of Holzversorgung Oberpfalz Carpenters Holzbau Semmler Hemau, Oberpfalz Schweiger Holzbau & Dachdeckerei GmbH Altenthann, Oberpfalz Neukirchen bei Sulzbach-Rosenberg, Oberpfalz Sawmills Pressath, Oberpfalz Spies GmbH Lauterhofen, Oberpfalz Gottfried Roggenhofer Hohenfels, Oberpfalz Ehrl Sägewerk GmbH Breitenbrunn, Oberpfalz Carpenters Holzbau Semmler Hemau, Oberpfalz Schweiger Holzbau & Dachdeckerei GmbH Altenthann, Oberpfalz Strobel Holzbau GmbH & Co. KG Neukirchen bei Sulzbach-Rosenberg, Oberpfalz Sawmills Holz-Wolfram GmbH Pressath, Oberpfalz Spies GmbH Lauterhofen, Oberpfalz Gottfried Roggenhofer Hohenfels, Oberpfalz Ehrl Sägewerk GmbH Breitenbrunn, Oberpfalz Ladenburger Baden-Württemberg, Oberpfalz Sägewerk Michael Kraus e.K. Nittenau,Oberpfalz Manfred Dallmeier Altenthann, Oberpfalz Schön Holzhandel GmbH Regensburg, Oberpfalz 0 10 20 50 Pellet exports in 2021 by volumes ? ? ? source: BioEnergy Europe, 2022 In 2022 the EU consumed more wood pellets than any other region wood laundering? source: NewYork Times, European Environmental Investigation Agency, 2022 source: Der Spiegel, 2015 source: Illegal wood for the European market, WWF, 2008
wood laundering?