SUSTAINABLE CITY HONG KONG 5E (2012-2013)
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LOK MA CHAU LOOP Lok Ma Chau Loop i(LMCL) s located in the northern part of Hong Kong next to the Lok Ma Chau MTR station with an area of about 87 hectares large. It is located at the lower course of Shenzhen River which is a low land and it is just about 200 metres apart from the boundary of Hong Kong. There are predominantly flat land with grass and shrubs on it, surrounded by wetland (the Mai Po Nature Reserve (the Ramsar Site), woodland, village settlements, agricultural land and fishponds.
THE PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT PLAN
The two cities agreed in 2008 to develop the area into a higher education and high-tech research and development (R&D) hub. The loop is to be complemented with cultural and creative industries. The entire project is expected to cost HK$10 billion. Once completed, it will provide 29,000 jobs. The loop is expected to complement the development of Huanggang Port and Futian Port in Shenzhen, and the Kwu Tung North New Development Area. Surrounding villages will also benefit by providing commercial, community and ancillary facilities for the LMCL in Hong Kong. The 720,000-square-meter area for education could accommodate a school slightly bigger than the University of Hong Kong (HKU). HKU welcomed the government's announcement, saying it has submitted a proposal to the government indicating an interest to establish a campus in the loop, as an extension of the existing one. HKU is awaiting the decision of the government. The spokesman added that any recommendation on campus expansion would be helpful for fostering further scientific research at the university.
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FAVOURABLE CONDITIONS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF EDUCATION AND R&D FACILITIES IN LMCL
Firstly, LMCL can favour Shenzhen-HK to have a closer cooperation. It lies in close proximity to Shenzhen, which can help to strengthen its links with the Mainland to increase the R&D capacity. Secondly, LMCL has extensive space for the expansion. As we can see, there are fishponds nearby and undeveloped land. It also consists of flat land mainly, which allows more educational and R&D facilities to be built. Thirdly, LMCL can enjoy the high accessibility. As shown on the map on P.2, there are several transport networks available, for example San Sham Road and Lok Ma Chau Spur Line. Hence, it expands a larger market for the technology. 3
IS LMCL AN EXAMPLE OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT?
Sustainable
Economic
Not sustainable
- to provide job opportunities, e.g. 29,000 jobs are provided in higher - high cost of investment, e.g. the education, high-tech research and entire project is expected to cost HK development hub, cultural and creative $10 billion industries - to complement the development of Huanggang Port and Futian Port in Shenzhen, and the Kwu Tung North New Development Area.
- long-term investment is required and profits are difficult to estimate
- to foster closer economic cooperation with Mainland and the Pan-PRD area Social
- land resumption is inevitable to - to foster elites in higher education and provide sufficient linkage with urban creative industries area - to provide more educational opportunities for students in HK and Mainland
- receive strong opposition from local residents and environmental groups
- to develop Hong Kong as the hub of higher education and high-tech R&D centre
Environmental
- dredging of Shum Chun River may expose highly-contaminated mud - an ecological zone would serve as the which may cause huge environmental reedbed compensation area destruction in the lower course in Mai Po - existing bird flight lines would be preserved as well as corridors for terrestrial animals
- destruction of natural habitats for wildlife and migratory birds - destruction of nearby fish ponds and woodland may lead to the reduction of biodiversity
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KAI TAK CRUISE TERMINAL Kai Tak Cruise Terminal will open in mid-2013, providing a gateway to Hong Kong, and from Hong Kong to Asia. The cruise terminal will provide efficient services for embarking and disembarking cruise passengers, and enjoyable rooftop garden and dining experiences for locals and visitors alike.
LOCATIONAL ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES The size of the current Ocean Terminal is small. It provides a few berthing spaces for the cruises. However, it is expected that the Asia-Pacific region is an emerging market in the cruise industry, with enormous growth potential. The existing supply of the cruise berthing facilities is not sufficient to meet the growing demand. So the development of the new terminal facilities is important for Hong Kong to capture the growth of the cruise industry in the Asia-Pacific region. The new terminal can also handle large cruise lines with big new ships such as Royal Caribbean. Besides, as a Special Administrative Region of China, Hong Kong can sustain its development as a regional cruise hub, serving as a stepping stone to Mainland tourism. Conversely, there is a large vacant land on the old runway which provides abundant space for further development. The long runway with a length of 2800 m bordering the sea provides sufficient space for the berthing of cruises. Actually, it is the only site within Victoria Harbour with the capability to provide two or more alongside berths without reclamation. Secondly, the deep sea provides an ideal site for the berthing of large vessels. The submarine contour lines show the depth to be 5 to 10 m. Thirdly, as it is located in the spacious part of Kowloon Bay, it provides a sheltered bay for navigation. Fourthly, there are proposed transport links with existing road and highway network which provide high accessibility to tourists. For example, an electrified monorail system will be built to connect the cruise terminal to Kwun Tong and Kowloon Bay MTR Stations. The major transport corridors surrounding the site include Prince Edward Road East on the north and Kwun Tong Bypass on the east. Therefore, it has proximity to major urban areas like Kwun Tong, Kowloon Bay and Kowloon City. The driving distance between the cruise terminal and the CBD is only 10 minutes.
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KAI TAK CRUISE TERMINAL
Last but not least, cruise terminal is only part of the comprehensive planning in Kai Tak Development. There are other major plans of development in the old Kai Tak Airport such as government, institution and community facilities, residential and commercial areas and an extensive open space network. For government, institution and community facilities, there are hospital, metro Park, multi-purpose stadium complex and district cooling systems. For residential area, Public Rental Housing is built. For commercial areas, there are tourism nodes of cruise terminal. Finally Trunk Road T2 and Shatin-to-Central Link (Tai Wai to Hung Hom Section) are built for transport network. All these provide useful supporting services and facilities for the future cruise terminal. 7
IMPACT ON LAND USE PATTERN IN EAST KOWLOON
Due to the KTD the government will put more resources to the surrounding areas in transportation, tourism and commercial. More transportation land use would be found as a new cruise terminal and the Shatin to Central Link are built which to increase the accessibility. Besides, there will be more commercial land use in Kwun Tong and Kowloon as the increase of accessibility attract more investors to start their business there. As Kowloon and Kwun Tong are the transshipment station, rest area and accommodation centre of the passengers, more hotels will be constructed. In addition, there will be more large-scale recreation area to the tourist and general public such as the Metro Park and the Multi-purpose Stadium Complex.
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IS THE CRUISE TERMINAL AN EXAMPLE OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT?
Sustainable Economic
- to increase job opportunities
Not sustainable - higher land rent may increase the operating cost of business
- to increase flow of customers so as to - long-term investment is required and increase the business opportunities of profits are difficult to estimate the nearby shops - to attract more tourists
Social
- to improve community facilities, e.g. Metro Park, multi-purpose stadium complex and hospitals
- increase the traffic flow in east Kowloon
- to provide more open space and green areas so as to increase people’s quality of life and reduce air pollution - to keep the collective memories, e.g. preservation of Lung Tsun Stone Bridge - to increase land supply for housing the increasing population Environmental
- more green areas to improve air quality - lower building height to improve wind circulation - to preserve the harbour resources - it does not require any reclamation
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THIRD RUNWAY According to the government planning, the new runway should be located north of, and parallel to, the existing two runways in Chek Lap Kok. About 650 hectares of land to the north of the existing airport island has to be reclaimed. Then, a third runway, dual parallel taxiway and connecting taxiways to the passenger concourses and apron areas will be built. A 58 new passenger aircraft parking stands and new passenger concourses for the third runway will be constructed.
REASONS FOR A THIRD RUNWAY
Hong Kong Ideas Centre under the Hong Kong Airport Focus Group research report pointed out that the airport's two existing runways usage has reached 93%, even if the measures taken to improve passenger and cargo capacity, can only hold 2016, 2017 runway would will be saturated. With a third runway, Hong Kong International Airport (HKIA) would be able to handle 102 air traffic movements (ATMs, also known as flight movements) per hour, or a practical maximum annual capacity of about 620,000 ATMs. This means HKIA could accommodate its forecast demand up to 2030 and possibly beyond, giving a substantial boost to Hong Kong’s economy and securing the airport’s status as one of the world’s most important aviation hubs.
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VARIOUS VIEWPOINTS OF DIFFERENT STAKEHOLDERS
Business sector
Environmental groups
The Chamber of commerce/businessmen agreed to build the third runway of Chek Lap Kok Airport. They think that is can be beneficial to the foreign trade, tourism and logistics industries of Hong Kong as this can increase the competitiveness of Hong Kong and consolidate the status of International Airport. Also, they think the third runway of Chek Lap Kok Airport can increase the job opportunities and attract more foreign airlines to join which can increase the status of Hong Kong Airport.
They think that this reclamation programme will destroy the habitats of the dolphins as water pollution exists. Also, they will be affected by the water pollution which sludge disposal cannot help much as the problem cannot be controlled. The polluted water will affect the health of dolphins and also affect the food chain of the dolphins. Therefore, the environmental groups do not agree with the progrmme of the third runway of the airport of Hong Kong.
Government The Government thinks that this project can boost up the growth of an engine. Hong Kong International Airport (HKIA) is much more than just a piece of transport infrastructure. It is an international aviation hub that creates enormous economic value for Hong Kong. The economic contribution generated by Hong Kong's aviation industry in 2008 was HK$78 billion in value added*, corresponding to 4.6% of Hong Kong's gross domestic product (GDP). By facilitating the flow of people and goods, HKIA actively supports the four pillars of Hong Kong's economy: financial services, trading and logistics, tourism, and producer and professional services, which together accounted for 57% of Hong Kong's GDP in 2008.
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IS THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE THIRD RUNWAY IN LINE WITH THE PRINCIPLES OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT?
Air connectivity - the number of destinations served and the frequency of flights along each of the routes - is essential for Hong Kong to maintain its competitiveness as a world city. Today, international businesses tend to cluster around the aviation hubs with extensive connectivity. Hong Kong International Airport is the lynchpin of Hong Kong's global connectivity. Our hub airport facilitates an efficient and convenient flow of people and goods, which is of paramount importance to Hong Kong's role as Asia's financial centre as well as its pillar industries of financial services, trading and logistics, tourism, and producer and professional services. These traffic forecasts have taken into consideration factors such as cross-strait direct flights and the growth of high-speed rail. Traffic forecasts from both Boeing and Airbus also indicate that over the next 20 years, global passenger and cargo traffic will grow at around 5% a year. Asia Pacific - driven by the Mainland - will see even higher growth of about 6%. Though those data, we can see that construction of the third runway can coincide with the principles of sustainable development. First, the economic aspect. The Hong Kong International Airport (HKIA) is much more than just a piece of transport infrastructure. It is an international aviation hub that creates enormous economic value for Hong Kong. If building the third runway, the transportation of goods and tourists can be increased. It bring a lot of money to hong kong. Also, it can bring a lot of employments to Hong Kong. Second, the social aspect. Building the third runway in HKIA is one of the capital construction. It can benefits to HK citizens when they traval to other place. Third, the Ecological aspect. Though those data. We can see building the third runway will not decrease the air quality in HK. In the conclusion, we think that building of the third runway can coincide with the principles of sustainable development as it does not have a large damage to the ecological but can bring a lt of economics benefits to HK.
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SOUTH ISLAND LINE South Island Line (East), or SIL in short, is a railway by MTRC that connects the northern and southern part of Hong Kong Island. Its construction started in May of 2011, and is expected to last until year 2015. The line has a length of 7 km and stations include: Admiralty, Ocean Park, Wong Chuk Hang, Lei Tung and South Horizons. Admiralty will be an interchange station with existing MTR lines and the future Shatin to Central Link. The route of another part, the western part, is still under planning.
WHAT ARE THE CURRENT TRANSPORT PROBLEMS IN SOUTHERN DISTRICT?
Southern District provides limited job & education opportunities, shopping malls and recreational facilities to its residents. In order to satisfy residents’ needs, they need to access other districts, such as Central and Western District as well as Wan Chai District. This generates huge inbound and outbound traffic flow. The district relies on Aberdeen Tunnel and Pok Fu Lam Road for such connection. However, both of them are often congested. The winding and narrow Pok Fu Lam Road often causes traffic congestion for both inbound and outbound traffic. The situation is worsened by the congestion at Canal Road Flyover and Wong Nai Chong Gap Flyover during peak hours that stops the traffic from the tunnel. Ap Lei Chau, in addition, solely relies on Ap Lei Chau Bridge for external traffic with exception of kai-to. In an unfortunate event that the bridge breaks, the island would immediate lose road connection with Wong Chuk Hang.
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WHAT ARE THE POSSIBLE LAND USE CHANGES AFTER THE OPENING OF SOUTH ISLAND LINE? INCREASE OF COMMERCIAL LAND USES AND DECREASE OF INDUSTRIAL LAND USES Currently, Wong Chuk Hang consists of mainly industrial land uses and residential land uses. The industrial buildings are mainly along the Wong Chuk Hang Road nowadays. However, it is expected to be renewed as a commercial district due to various favorable factors, including: large number of cheap land available (by converting industrial buildings), direct connection to railway, accessible location (6 minutes away from CBD), being a developed town with manpower available. Examples of such land use may include office buildings, shopping malls, hotels, etc. There will be a possibility that Wong Chuk Hang may become a business centre due to increase of commercial land uses in coming years.
INCREASE OF RESIDENTIAL LAND USES AND INSTITUTIONAL LAND USES Residential superstructures will be built along the line, most notably 4700 flats provided at Wong Chuk Hang Station. Despite the development by MTRC, it is also expected that different developers will also convert existing industrial buildings into residential houses as accessibility is highly increased. Increase of residential land uses pushes the development of institutional land uses.
INCREASE OF TRANSPORT LAND USES In addition to the four new stations built, several transportation structures will be built. These include: Public Transport Interchange (PTI) at Wong Chuk Hang Station, widening and straightening of different roads, covered footbridge and footpath at different places. The increased accessibility allows distant residents, especially Ap Lei Chau Estate, to access the line more easily.
INCREASE OF RECREATIONAL LAND USES In order to compensate the disruption made to residents, MTRC will build numerous new open spaces and green parks to the public. This includes: overlaying part of the new extension of Admiralty Station at Harcourt Garden, the nullah adjacent to Wong Chuk Hang Station Station and underneath the viaduct.
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CAN SOUTH ISLAND LINE COINCIDE WITH THE PRINCIPLES OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT?
As defined by Brundtland Commission, sustainable development means "development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs." Common perspectives include: economy, environment, and society. There are increases in four main types of land uses, which will allow the community to develop sustainably as a self-contained town. Economic: Availability of job provides income to residents. Economic restructuring can be carried out when the accessibility is higher. Also, tourism in southern district will also benefit. As the land of the southern district hasn’t been all developed, if the accessibility is higher, a large piece of land can be developed well. Private housing estate may construct to boost the hosing price, as the housing estate may own a sea view. Social: The renewed town brings residents with better living standard. Residents can live, work and study right in the town without the need to travel. Commercial services such as banking and community facilities are provided due to increased commercial land use. At the same time, population redistribution is made possible to reduce urban population pressure and problems. Links to main urban areas are developed so urbanization is facilitated. Adequate parking facilitates and straightened/widened roads reduce traffic congestions to minimum. Land use conflicts are reduced due to better planning, such as separation of residential and industrial land uses. Environment: Better living environment brought by increased recreational areas and open spaces. Also, there will be more trees planted around the area. It is expected that the air will be cleaner in Wong Chuk Hang. The MTRC said that there would be a green belt along the depot façade. There will also be a shaded walking environment for pedestrians. The new trees and shrubs planted in the areas beneath the viaduct will provide a pleasant open space/plaza along the nullah for the use of the local community for rest and recreational purposes. This is considered a positive addition to the Wong Chuk Hang area.
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CENTRAL-WAN CHAI BYPASS The Central - Wan Chai Bypass and Island Eastern Corridor Link under construction forms part of an east-west strategic route along the northern shore of Hong Kong Island, which serves to alleviate the traffic congestion along the existing Gloucester Road - Harcourt Road Connaught Road Central corridor. The Central - Wan Chai Bypass and Island Eastern Corridor Link is a 4.5 km long dual three-lane trunk road with a 3.7 km long tunnel. It will link up the Rumsey Street Flyover at Central with the Island Eastern Corridor at North Point near City Garden.
WHY IS CWB NECESSARY?
Traffic congestion along the Connaught Road Central/Harcourt Road/ Gloucester Road Corridor (the Corridor) at present is not limited to just the few rush hours experienced by other busy roads in Hong Kong. Gridlocks are not uncommon at most times of the day, especially when there is a minor traffic accident along the Corridor. Vehicles commuting between the western part and the eastern part of the Hong Kong Island along its northern shore have to make use of the Corridor. CWB will divert such through traffic away from the Central Business District (CBD), cater for the anticipated traffic growth and alleviate congestion on the Corridor and the existing local road networks in the area. Gridlock: A traffic jam in which no vehicular movement is possible, especially one caused by the blockage of key intersections within a grid of streets.
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CAN CWB ACHIEVE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT?
Sustainable Development in Hong Kong balances social, economic, environmental and resource needs, both for present and future generations, simultaneously achieving a vibrant economy, social progress and a high quality environment, locally, nationally and internationally, through the efforts of the community and the Government The construction of the CWB is a long-term solution to the problem of traffic congestion along the Connaught Road Central/Harcourt Road/ Gloucester Road Corridor (the Corridor). The project can meet social, economic, environmental needs through the following ways: Economic: - around 6400 job opportunities will be created in by the construction work and benefit local job market - reduce economic cost as travelling time reduce. Business and economic activities can undergo efficiently Environment: - it diverts existing at-grade traffic underground, improving air quality
- it provides an opportunity to build noise barriers and noise semi-enclosures at Island Eastern Corridor Link to minimize noise levels, reducing noise pollution (fig.3) - it provides an opportunity to remove sludge in the Causeway Bay typhoon shelter during the construction, improving water quality - trees will be planted along the corridor, creating a greener environment. And more open area will b created. Air quality and ventilation system will thus be improved. (fig.4) Social: -improves living environment along corridor by reducing noise pollution, air pollution and water poluution -creates additional space at harbourfront for recreational land use & greeneries - providing an expressway for east-west traffic in Central and Wan Chai to divert traffic from commercial centre and alleviates the existing traffic congestion problem. At-grade: a junction at which two or more transport axes cross at the same level (or grade).
- ventilation system will be built to supply fresh air to maintain a good air-quality environment to the commuters inside the tunnel while discharging vitiated air in a controlled manner at predetermined suitable locations of exhaust. 20
CAN CWB EFFECTIVELY SOLVE THE TRANSPORT PROBLEMS?
The Central – Wan Chai Bypass constitutes a missing link in Hong Kong's transport network as it brings traffic from Hong Kong Island west to Hong Kong Island east. Without the bypass, the corridor along the northern shore of Hong Kong Island would result in a steady increase of bottlenecks and traffic congestion. On the other hand, enhancing transportation infrastructure capacity by constructing the Central – Wan Chai Bypass (4.5km long dual three-lane expressway, with 3.7km being road tunnel) would greatly facilitate east-west traffic flow around Central and Wan Chai districts (reducing traveling time to 5-minutes) and give drivers an alternative route to choose from, thus distributing traffic more evenly. The bypass will also enhance the capacity of the connecting road networks of the Western Harbour Tunnel and the overall efficiency of the traffic network in Hong Kong will thus be improved. This would also lower vehicular emissions and noises, reducing air pollution and noise pollution along the corridor. Thus, this project helps tackle the problem of deteriorating traffic congestion in the Central and Wan Chai areas, which is a major transport problem in the northern shore of Hong Kong Island.
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GUANGZHOU-SHENZHEN HONG KONG EXPRESS RAIL LINK
WHAT IS XRL?
The 26-km long Hong Kong Section of the GuangzhouShenzhen-Hong Kong Express Rail Link (Express Rail Link, or XRL) runs from West Kowloon in Hong Kong to the boundary of Hong Kong and Shenzhen. The Express Rail Link will connect with the 16,000-km National High-speed Railway Network and will enhance Hong Kong's role as the southern gateway to the Mainland. Construction of the Express Rail Link commenced in January 2010, with completion targeted for 2015.
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LOCATIONAL ADVANTAGES
WEST KOWLOON TERMINUS West Kowloon Terminus is centrally-located in the West Kowloon Reclamation Area. It has proximity to the present CBD in Tsim Sha Tsui. On the west of the railway terminus, commercial land use is found. On the south of the railway terminus, the future cultural centre is found. However, the railway terminus are not wellconnected with the existing rail network because of the 12minute walk from Kowloon Station. Various transport means are provided. This location may involve high construction and development cost as it is built underground.
KAM TIN TERMINUS There is another option for the siting of the railway terminus, Kam Tin. However, the location is too remote and far away from the city centre. The choices of transport connection is also limited. Though the cost of construction is lower, the government does not prefer this location.
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WHY IS HIGHSPEED RAILWAY LINE NECESSARY TO HONG KONG?
Guangzhou-Shenzhen-Hong Kong Express Rail Link (XRL) is planned to connect three large cities in the Zhujiang Delta Region. It aims at providing a fast and direct route linking the three cities, creating synergy for economic development in the delta area. With the XRL, the journey time between Hong Kong and Guangzhou will be reduced from about 100 minutes to only 50 minutes in the future. Socially speaking, XRL can help to promote Hong Kong as a gateway to the international destinations. This further aids strengthening the economic ties and cooperation between Hong Kong and Mainland. In longer term, this can create lots of job opportunities, facilitate business and tourism. With the development of XRL, West Kowloon will be promoted as a tourist district with various tourist infrastructure, such as West Kowloon Cultural District, hotel development and large shopping malls.
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IS THE XRL DEVELOPMENT IN LINE WITH THE PRINCIPLES OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT?
Sustainable
Economic
Not sustainable
- XRL can enhance economic development. It is estimated that it can - high construction cost ($66.9 billion) bring up to $87 billion income in 50 years. - provide more job opportunities, e.g. workers, technicians
- high cost of compensation to villagers in Choi Yuen Village
- provide more business opportunities to attract mainland investors - foster the growth of commercial sector in the area - favour the development of various tourist spots, e.g. West Kowloon Cultural District Social
- can improve the inter-city transport with - can affect the residents’ daily life high accessibility during construction - upgrade the image of Tsim Sha Tsui as the CBD / core of the city
- some local residents think the project is not necessary
- upgrade the tourist facilities in old CBD in Tsim Sha Tsui - multiplier effect on the economic activities in Jordan, Tsim Sha Tsui area - attractive and modern urban design for - various environmental pollution during Environmental the future XRL terminus, promoting it as construction, e.g. air, water and noise an icon for international city pollution - railway is electrified which emit less pollutants / regarded as environmentallyfriendly means of transport
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Thank you for all students for their contribution to complete this booklet. Chapter 1: Lok Ma Chau Loop ~ Peter Lui, Daniel Chan, Gavin Cheung, Marco Tam, Karine Wong and Donna Cheung Chapter 2: Kai Tak Cruise Terminal ~ Jenny Ng, Pang Yiman, Ryan Wong, Sheen, Terry Ng and Kelly Lam Chapter 3: Third Runway in Chek Lap Kok ~ Sedrick Chan, Jennifer Wong, Eric Law, Victor Ma, Sam Wu and William Wu Chapter 4: South Island Line ~ Isaac Kwan, Jenny Chen, Yuki Cheung, Felix Lui, Alex Wong, Owen Yiu Chapter 5: Central-Wan Chai Bypass ~ Elizabeth, Eunice Lam, Doris Poon, Katherine Sze, Hilda Lau Chapter 6: Express Rail Link ~ Anthony Fung, Aaron Wan, Kelvin Ng, Jason Hung, Milky Wong, Daisy Yue
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REFERENCE
Š Copyrights belong to all 5E students (2012-2013) Sustainability indicators (http://www.susdev.gov.hk/html/en/su/SustainabilityIndicators_e.pdf) Joint development of Lok Ma Chau Loop as part of the proposed Hong Kong-Shenzhen Metropolis plan (http://www.lmcloop.gov.hk/eng/index.html) Cruise terminal in old Kai Tak Airport (http://www.tourism.gov.hk/english/ctkt/ctkt.html) Kai Tak Development (http://www.ktd.gov.hk) The third airport runway of Chek Lap Kok Airport (http://www.hkairport2030.com/en/masterplan/index.html) High-speed railway (Hong Kong Section) (http://www.hyd.gov.hk/xrl/public/LCPTP/eng/tp_rdp0502cb1-1439-1ec.pdf) MTRC site on high-speed railway (http://www.expressraillink.hk/en/home/) South Island Line (http://www.mtr-southislandline.hk/en/home/) Central-Wan Chai Bypass (http://www.hyd.gov.hk/eng/major/road/projects/6579th/index.htm) Central-Wan Chai Bypass and Island Eastern Corridor Link (http://www.cwb-hyd.hk/introduction.html)
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