Chengdu 5th ring: Rice industry hub

[Rih] RICE INDUSTRY HUB

organizational system for balancing urban and agricultural land

CHENGDU-SMART CITY, 5th ring as an incubator Professor:Raoul Bunschoten Tutor:Tomas Pipan SS 2012 Tu Berlin

INTRODUCTION Prototype “ Rice Industry Hub” is a device for connecting multiple components into systems together and making them act as a single network segment.It is an organizational system for balancing urban and agricultural land. An increasing problem in Chengdu is a signifficant contrast of agricultural and urban areas. In addition to this, agricultural area became uncontrollable space which is more and more often occupied by industrial and residential buildings. It leaves no space for traditional idea of being in harmony with nature in living environment.

After research it appeared that agricultural land in 5th ring is mostly occupied by rice paddies. Rice straw waste could be recycled in a different ways to get eco products. You can get food, building materials and energy. Prototype “ Rice Industry Hub” increases profit of agricultural land makes it enjoyable as well as controllable. Also disappearance of the farmland will have an impact to the future food production as the population is growing there will be more import which means more co2 emission and increased food prices.

Our prototype tried to deal with this problem by making agricultural land profitable, usable, enjoyable and controllable.

After research it appeared that agricultural land in 5th ring is mostly occupied by rice paddies.This means that adding additional processes into rice growing process it is possible to get eco products,like building materials and rice husk energy.

The idea of the project is insipired by emergence urbanism concept which uses fractal geometry to create principles of chaotic environment. Our created system works with 5 components placed in areas around urbanized zone creating centers, which can attract more investors interested in similar business.

Although, the agricultural land is shrinking and the future of it is vertical farms. However,its energy consumption is not efficient way of supplying community with food. Our main concern is to create structure which would accommodate agricultural land reducing its footprint. It also should be easily built, using inexpensive sustainable materials.

Our structure creates green corridors with public spaces around the suburban street,making the street lively. The ground floor of the structure can be used for retail.

PT

Rice Industry Hub

Laura Petruskeviciute, Paulina Naruseviciute, Huang

Authors: Zhen

[RiH]

Description: Prototype “ Rice Industry Hub” is a device for connecting multiple components into systems together and making them act as a single network segment.It is an organizational system for balancing urban and agricultural land. An increasing problem in Chengdu is a signifficant contrast of agricultural and urban areas. Rice straw waste could be recycled in a different ways to get eco products. You can get food, building materials and energy. Prototype “ Rice Industry Hub” increases profit of agricultural land makes it enjoyable as well as controllable.

Branding: The idea is to rice industry viable and profitable in the future so as to preserve argiculture land.The rice industry hub could be integrated in each stages of urbanization in a transformative form, from field farming in suburban area, to multi-layer farming in peri-urban area and finally vertical farming in densed urban area.

Earth: The supporting 5 components for the prototype can be adapted to different sites and situations, together representing both the productive factor in rice industry and the cultural-influential factors for the city. And 2 typologies of intensified farming present different stages of urban scenary that changed by our 5 component.

Flow: From the exsiting rice board factory in Chengdu, this prototype develops a more holistic vision of rice industry, all the building material, energy and food department can work together, not only reduce the energy waste in the industry like transportation, and also could be more innovative by involving education and research departments.

Incorporation: To achieve the final goal of keeping balance of agriculture and urban land,our prototype is a developing process involving local government, production companys, densign instituions and developers. It’s not only based on obligation to compensate agricultural land loss during urbanizion but also to establish a profitable rice industry for every actors.

Links:

[Aa00] [Aa00] [Aa00] [Aa00] [Aa00] [Aa00] [Aa00]

[

EVERY YEAR BURNT RICE STRAWS COVER CHENGDU SKY WITH FOG WHICH CAUSES STRNG LUNG DESEASES.

]

FLOW

In Phase I is important to control farmers from burning waste as a result all farmlands are connected into straw waste collection network which would be supplied to mills producing bioproducts as boards which could be alternative to wood products. Phase II requires to create a smart grid were the sustainable cycle of waste and consumption would be generated. We set a module of farm unit which is capable to feed certain amount of community unit in corrporation with straw waste factory and husks power plant.The grid would integrate farm land into community and city environment reducing product transportation to community .Also, as the first generation of residents would be farmers it would create job places in their field of knowledge as well as it would give them an opportunity to teach younger generation of farming As the city grows and generation is changed urbanized space would become to Phase III were hydroponic rice growing in vertical farms would save the land area.

High tecnology of vertical farming would create enough amount of rice to keep the same balance with food and population as in Phase II . New types of compounds with integrated hydroponic systems is proposed.

SUBURBAN

[ ] T1

[ T4] Rnd

RICE STRAW FACTORY

[ T5] Market

PERI-URBAN

The concept of the prototype is to create a system which could be adopted into growing city through three phase.Phase I is dealing with existing situation : farmlands would be served by straw waste mills protecting from burning waste. Phase II introduces a module of the structures for city expansion which creates balance between new community population,rice production ,bioproducts and energy supply. Phase III is coping with higher density requirement introducing hydroponic rice growing in vertical farms.

RICE INDUSTRY HUB RICE INTERVENTION

[ T3

RICE HUSK ENERGY PLANT

[ T2] RICE MILL

URBAN

Branding

AND AGRICU LT URAL LAND

[

B

ORGANIZA TIONAL SYSTEM FOR BALANCING URBAN

NOW

CONTRAST BETWEEN URBAN ENVIRONMENT AND EXSISTING FARMLAND

FUTURE

RAPID URBANIZATION MAKES LOCAL AGRICULTURE EXTINCT

PROTOTYPE GOAL

FARMLAND BECOMES AN INTEGRAL PART OF URBAN ENVIRONMENT

Prototype “ Rice Industry Hub” is a device for connecting multiple components into systems together and making them act as a single network segment.It is an organizational system for balancing urban and agricultural land. An increasing problem in Chengdu is a signifficant contrast of agricultural and urban areas. In addition to this, agricultural area became uncontrollable space which is more and more often occupied by industrial and residential buildings. It leaves no space for traditional idea of being in harmony with nature in living environment.

After research it appeared that agricultural land in 5th ring is mostly occupied by rice paddies. Rice straw waste could be recycled in a different ways to get eco products. You can get food, building materials and energy. Prototype “ Rice Industry Hub” increases profit of agricultural land makes it enjoyable as well as controllable.

[

DUE TO FAST URBANIZATION FARMERS ARE FORCED TO LEAVE THEIR HOMES AND EXCHANGE THEIR WORK IN A FIELD TO WORK ON A CONSTRUCTION SITE

]

E Earth

The biggest problems that Chengdu is facing are the environmental problems caused by the growth of the city, lacking of energy supply on the other hand emitting too much CO2. As well as the problems that farmlands gradually give way the the city, result in lacking of food, especially local rice supplies. Moreover, the CO2, SO2 and dust from the burning of rice straw in the farmland of satellite cities which sit on the fifth ring of Chengdu polluted the atmosphere and hard to dissipate as Chengdu is situated in a basin.

The prototype lies in not only solving the current problems, but also proposing a system which is flexible in urbanization that can always stay self-sustained. The first step is to place several rice straw factories around Chengdu. Those factories are able to turn most of the rice straws of Chengdu into products like boards and bricks in a zero-carbon procedure, reducing the air pollution from the rice straw burning.

The second step is to organize the scattered farmland into farm units by � closing� 9km2 of agricultural land with four components. 1km radius collection points are placed in a field which later on becomes public spaces.

The rule of placing a vertical structure around road is inroduced (1 aeroponic farm structure to replace 1 acre of farmland). The third step is to put a hybrid tower with hydroponic rice farm into the urbanized area.

A system cycles food, waste, product and energy, at the same time, being able to maintain the previous productivity of rice.

With all three steps, Chengdu is released from CO2, SO2 and dust pollution, having abondant rice supply while urbanized, and operating in an smart, self-sustained way.

Creating a system

INDEX MAP.Placing the prototype around the urbanised areas

INDEX MAP.Rules for placing prototype

PHASING

TYPOLOGY TYPOLOGY PHASE TYPOLOGY PHASE 2 2 5255000m2 216500 5255000m2 216500

EARLY STAGE EARLY STAGE TYPOLOGIES. EARLY STAGETotal

farmland footprint population farmland footprint population

areas reduction

densified withpopulation bamboo structures .

With growing part of agriculture land is + Structures footrprint of farmland allowing densified withreduce bamboo structures . more housing to be built while keeping the same + Structures reduce footrprint of farmland allowing balance of residents number yield. the same more housing to be built whileand keeping LATER STAGE + Structures are cheap and easy built . balance of residents number and to yield.

LATER STAGE + .Structures + Engaging Structurescommunity are cheap STAGE and easy tobecome built . as LATER place activators . + Engaging community .Structures become as place activators .

- A huge number of structures needs to be built in to replace -order A huge numberall offarmland. structures needs to be built in order to replace all farmland.

T1 STRAW BOARD FACTORY T1 BOARD FACTORY T1 STRAW STRAW BOARD FACTORY 288500 288500

33600m2

farmland footprint

33600m2

populationfootprint farmland

PHASE PHASE 1 1

NOW NOW T1 Straw board factory Footprint - 626 m2

Footprint - 8875 m2 Footprint - 8875 m

2

Existing farmland is scattered.

Existing farmland is scattered.

Footprint - 626 Verym2hard to control farmers from burning rice -waste.

Very hard to control farmers from burning rice -High transportation of products cost . waste.

- Verytransportation low density. of products cost .

-High - Very low density.

Footprint - 626 m2

T2 RICE MILL FACTORY T2 MILL FACTORY T2 RICE RICE MILL FACTORY

Footprint - 4800 m2

Footprint - 626 m2

Footprint - 4800 m2

Footprint - 626 m2

Footprint - 4800 m

Footprint - 626 m

2

2

C -CHENGDU TH RING AS INCUBATOR T2 Rice mill PLANT HUSKS5 CITY ITY-CT3 HENGDU 5ENERGY TH RING AS INCUBATOR T3 HUSKS ENERGY PLANT

900m ed into x 900m ged into x 900m er into ged ger me ger .ame ts. ame gy ts. ing. ogy ining. ogy ining.

and is land is owing land is ame allowing same allowing same as e as e as uilt in built in built in

zed

T3

HUSKS ENERGY PLANT

Footprint - 11700 m2 Footprint - 11700 m2

Footprint - 2750 m2 Footprint - 2750 m2

T4 RESEARCH CENTER T3 Rice husk power plant T4 RESEARCH CENTER T4 RESEARCH CENTER Footprint - 11700 m2

Footprint - 2750 m2

Footprint - 11700 m2

Footprint - 2750 m2

T4 CENTER T4 RESEARCH RESEARCH CENTER

Farmland with at least 2500 acres is centralized within production nods.2500 The balance is kept Farmland with at least acres is centralized between residentsnods. number farmland yield . within production Theand balance is kept + Reducing transportation product to community. between residents numberof and farmland yield . + Reducing Sustainable cycle + transportation of product to community. + Protects from burning rice straw and reduces + Sustainable cycle annual distribution of CO2 + Protects from burning rice. straw and reduces annual distribution of CO2 .

- Low density for growing city - Low density for growing city

population

Footprint - 8875 m2

Footprint - 11700 m2

Footprint - 2750 m2

Footprint - 2275 m2

Footprint - 625 m2

Footprint - 2275 m2

Footprint - 625 m2

Footprint - 122500 m2

Footprint - 626 m2

Footprint - 122500 m2

Footprint - 626 m2

T4 Research and development centre

T5 T5 MARKET MARKET

Laura Petruskeviciute, T5 Paulina Market Naruseviciute, Huang Zhen Laura Petruskeviciute, Paulina Naruseviciute, Huang Zhen

E Earth

Guideline diagram is introduced to start implement prototype into real environment.

First phase is to lock the agricultural land with four components and place the collection points 1km radius.

Secon phase is when because of reduction of farmland aeroponic farms are introduced.1 farm to replace one acre. Farms are placed next to collection points and roads to rice waste factory and rice mill. The road to educational centre becomes secondary road.

The space around the aeroponic farms become a public space,which incorporate communal gardens and rural tourist houses.

Proposed structure is easy buildable and adoptable for other uses. Depth of the space is 12 meters to help sun penetrate and ceilings are double high according the sun angle in summer and winter. Concrete consists of 50% of rice husk ashes.

Third phase for extremely urbanised zones,when vertical farms are implemented.They are placed not far to main road to reduce trransportation.

Guidelines. Diagram showing green corridor’s development starting from the collection point and finishing with vertical farms.

ADOPTING THE GIDELINES

Creating a green corridor in between the roads to the components

MASTERPLAN

9.Public space is created next to rice growing structures

4.Communal gardens

7.Rural tourist houses built from rice straw enviro boards

VIEW OF THE FARM AND MARKET

RICE METABOLISM

S Y S T E M F O R B A L A N C I N G U R B A N A N D A G R I C U LT U R A L L A N D

TREE FARM SCHEME

N TREE FARMING

Spaces in the concrete frame can also be turned into greenhouses. Housing units, galleries etc.

The ground floor can be freed to accomondate different functions according to the environment of its location.

During harvesting period rice is collected via pipe to containers where it goes to main collection storage points where it is separated to rice grains and straw waste.

Structure’s footrpint on the ground is only 42m2.Rest of space could support diversity of programatic events. It can be public recreation zones as market , cafeterias and shops or private offices.

1. Service space collection pipes and water pipes 2. Growing area.

Structure can be composed of different modules. Of which one is with loadbearing circulation core and another one is supported on columns.Modules can vary in floor to ceiling height .

Plan view

Circulation and collection point Structure is made of concrere .The amount of concrete is

reduced by using bubble deck. The holes in the deck could be made by using plastic bottles. This technique would save up to 35 % of used concerete . Also,ashes waste from husks energy plant could replace up to 25%-50% of portland cement. That would reduce carbon dioxide footprint.Moreover , some of material properties would be improved: fresh workability,

Schematic sections

TREE FARM SCHEME

Schematic sections showing rain water collection

TREE FARM SCHEME Implementation

[

“WE KNOW THAT SOON WE WILL BE MOVED OUT AND THIS PLACE WILL BE BUILT UP”

]

2km

HOUSING

40 2,6 75

feed population of 144500

T3

Rice Straw Board Mill 2 million boards / year

T2

Rice Husks Power Plant

FARM

Rice Mill Factory

events

self built house

COLLECT

To gasify rice husks and generate three valuable products: electricity, waste ash that can be sold as an ingredient for cement and a reduction in carbon emissions

T5 farmers

+

T4

education center

D

2428 million t of rice husks

12140,4 tons of rice

gallery

R & D Center 20,000 tons rice straw

2500 ACRES URBAN UNIT

other product

ENOUGH FOOD

×1 FIELD UNIT

HOUSING UNIT

900m

300m

×1

ENOUGH WASTE

×1 ×1

×1

×12

300m

Particle board Medium density fibre board Straw Board Straw Bales Thatched roofs Cement bonded boards Composites Design products

900m

building material

T1 rice straw board mill T2 rice mill factory T3 rice husk energy plant T4 R & D

T1

BEFORE

E

IN G

RIC IRE

MI LL

WH

G

RI CE

BR OW N

G SK IN HU

RB OI LIN PA

OR

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SE AS ON

D

AT IV GE T

TE

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TIN AN VE

MI

NG

T5 market

SO WI

SUBFACTOR

designers

+

PL

2

29136960 RMB

147,627 MWh/year

Market

AN S

The initial thoughts on the prototype is to create a green industrial oases where farmers are able to go back to and taught how to re-use and manufacture rice waste in educational and research center and work in the factory where rice straw is manufactures into building materials.

Those materials are passed to the design firms and used into newly constructions. During the process of cleaning preparing rices for food rice husks are the main waste and in our system are be used for generating energy.

sa ton

T1

TR

Further, we did researches the agriculture department and found out that there were a few rice straw factories in Chengdu. As we interviewed them, we found out the ways they were doing their business is very inefficient, and they were facing the problem of farmland’s shrinking too. Because of which, the prototype has to work in an system not only dealing with the current problems but also be viable in the future situation when the field is all urbanized.

5b

2500-6000 houses

Flow

In the field trip, it was just the time of the year farmers burning rice straws. And it caused a huge problem to Chengdu not only about the air quality but also about influencing transportation. As a result, it is crucial to think big and deal with the whole fog issue.

33

TIMELINE OF RICE

LA

F

2km

T3

AFTER

FLOW

O R G A N I Z AT I O N A L S Y S T E M F O R B A L A N C I N G U R B A N A N D A G R I C U LT U R A L L A N D STATISTICS AND PROBLEMS

PROBLEMS RISING RICE IMPORT

China craves corps

Rice consumption and production

POLLUTION Wind vectors showing the concentration of the fog

FARMLAND LOSS Typical suburban faric SETBACK

DISPLACEMENT

9 km2

9 km2 ZONING

Import map

9 km2 GATED COMMUNITY INDUSTRY

2km2

FARMLAND UNIVERSITY HOUSING

2km2

TIMELINE OF RICE 2500-6000 houses

T1

Rice Straw Board Mill 2 million boards / year

T3

Rice Husks Power Plant To gasify rice husks and generate

feed population of 144500

T2

Rice Mill Factory

2km2

2km2

RIC

2km2

FARMLAND

farmers

UNIVERSITYdesigners

2km2

HOUSING

2km2

330,000 ha farmland in total

RICE METABOLISM T4

+ + EXISTING SITUATION AND GATHERED DATA

5 board factory can consume all rice straw

2428 million t of rice husks

save 42,643 tons of coal, reduce 1,406 tons of rice ,106,286 tons of CO2 tons12140,4 of SO 2

gallery

EXSITING T1

20,000 tons rice straw

feed population of 144500

T3

T2

building material

other product

Particle board Medium density fibre board Rice Mill Factory Straw Board Straw Bales Thatched roofs Cement bonded boards Composites Design products very high high middle low very low

FIELD UNIT

motorway

metro(plan) railway

900m

DENSITY

300m

very high high

29136960 RMB

147,627 MWh/year

HOUSING UNIT 200 RMB

COLLECT

To gasify rice husks and generate three valuable products: electricity, waste ash that can be sold as an ingredient for cement and a reduction in carbon emissions

×1

per ton

T5

×12

STRW BOARD FACTORY

T1 rice straw board mill T2 rice mill factory T3 rice husk energy plant

SUBFACTORY

very low Market

×1

ENOUGH WASTE

×1 ×1

TRANSPORT

middle low

ENOUGH FOOD

×1

FARMERS

DENSITY

Rice Husks Power Plant

DATAS

NEW BUILT AREA

400,000,000 bricks 2,600,000m2 house 2500 ACRE S URBAN UNIT 750,000m2 land

R & D Center

300m

education center

900m

D

2km2

66,000 ha farmland T4 R & D 83,000 tons rice straw

T5 market

motorway

400,000,000 bricks 2,600,000m2 house 2 2750,000m 5 0 0 Aland CRES URBAN UNIT

300m

300m

COLLECT

900m

FIELD 200 RMB per ton UNIT HOUSING UNIT 900m

×1

E

G

RIC

RI

OI

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CE

G LIN

G

IRE

WH

MI

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OW

BR

SK

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EP

-S

YS

DE

DD

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NG

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SH

HI LIS PO

GR ITE

PA

NEW BUILT AREA

T1

T3

T3

T1

×1

×12

STRW BOARD FACTORY T1 rice straw board mill

SUBFACTORY

66,000 ha farmland 83,000 tons rice straw

T2

T2 rice mill factory T3 rice husk energy plant T4 R & D T5 market E

RIC

LL ING

IRE

WH

OW BR

MI

ICE

BEFORE NR

NG ILI BO

SK ING

OR

DY

PA D

MESTER

PA R

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AT

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PA R

ON ER -ST

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DATAS Se 2012

ITE RIN

WH

SUMMER

SH IF

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R DE RA

G

HG GT LE N

G DIN

ST

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MA

CH

LIH I

INE

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ECO-BRICK FACTORY

BL EN

MI

ENOUGH WASTE

×1 ×1

TRANSPORT

5

ENOUGH FOOD

AD

IN

CH

TH NG LE

save 42,643 tons of coal, reduce 1,406 tons of SO212140,4 ,106,286 tons of CO2 tons of rice

×1

ECO-BRICK FACTORY

DATAS

5 board factory can consume all rice straw

2428 million t of rice husks

FARMERS

WH

LA

BL

EN

MI

DI

ST

NG

PO

MA

LIH

IN

railway

330,000 ha farmland in total

000 tons rice straw

ER

E

G

RT ER

N

BA

CO

GG

IN

LO

G

R

ST

DR

SO

YIN

AT IO

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metro(plan)

NEW BUILT AREA

SMART CITY-CHENGDU 5TH

AFTER RING AS INCUBATOR

T3

Laura Petruskeviciute, Paulina Naruseviciute, Huang Zhen

MODEL

1 housing compound 300x300m needs 9 farmland compounds

1 factory to work needs 12 m2 farm blocks,12m2 farm blocks can feed 12 300x300m2 housing compounds. (Presumingly in one housing compound live 12000 people)

BUILDING MATERIALS MADE FROM RICE

VISITING AGRICULTURAL DEPARTMENT OF CHENGDU AND JIAKUN ARCHITECTS

Agricultural waste expert showed us example of materials made from rice waste.

Jiakun architects studio presented us their “rebirth bricks” made from rice straws and building rubble

I

RICE METABOLISM

INCORPORATION

ORGANIZATIONAL SYSTEM FOR BALANCING URBAN AND AGRICULTURAL LAND

FARMING TYPOLOGY

COLLABORATION

Incorporation

The design is based on research of different paterns of agriculture in urban fabric and zero carbon factory which would involve traditional chinese building methods. As prototype has different stages vertical factory is considered as a possibility to maintain agriculture in densily urbanised environmnent.

Tree Farming

Verticle Farm

Tree Farming

TF

TF

VF

soil/water growing natural light

aeroponic natural light

aeroponic greenhouse natural /artificial light

hydroponic artificial light

1 hectare

×10

FF

BRANDING TYPOLOGY OF FARMING EQUATION OF PRODUCTIVITY

×3

Farmland

b

Urban area

d

d

×0.03

d CO

GV

RE b d

b

DP

NOW

50/50

URBAN AREA AGRICULTURE

RESIDENTS

DP

DEVELOPERS

CO

COMPANYS

FM

FARMERS

GV

GOVERNMENT

b

benefit

d

duty

1

ACTORS

b

300m2×2 Storage Shipping

300m2 Storage

Finish panel

300m2×4 Mill

raw material

FF

300m2×3 Storage

m

40

m×

7.5

Model house

4000m2 6000m2

Info

Straw board factory

2500m2 Mill Education center

1000m2 Office

d

1000m2 Office

1200m2 Storage

Shipping

Gallery

15

Floor area

0m

22500m2

Building components factory

FAR=0.6

Gallery

CO: the companys will benefit from b recyling the rice waste, are forced to produce ecologically.

FM: the farmer are abandoned to b burn the rice straw and with the duty to transport the waste to collecting point, they will also benefit from selling them ( now the price is 200 RMB/ ton)

VF

Land area

3500m2 Education

T1 Hydroponic VF

2

b

FM

d

T1

1 km2 compound 250,000 m2 farm area

T2 TF

T1

TF

d VF Renovated VF

leisure center

0 10

paths

b d

b

DP b

0m

walking axis

T3

GV: the governmant has the duty to preserve farmland through planning regulation DP: the developers has the duty to build certain amount of TF or FF according to the area they’re developing and meanwhile get more years of right for using the land from GV.

mixed axis

T4

TF

T1 TF RE

TF

TF

VF

rice straw

T2

FM

waste

d

Board factory

vegetables

energy plant

d

market

VF waste

0 10

energy

T5

community farm

VF

market fruits

1 km2 compound 350,000 m2 farm area

rice straw rice straw

TF

product

T4

Roof Farming

T1 FF RE

VF

100%

URBANIZATION

TDR

URBAN AREA

50/50

SMART CITY URBAN AREA AGRICULTURE

TRANSFERABLE FARMLAND PRESERVATION

Transfer of Development Rights (TDR) means making available certain amount of additional built up area in lieu of the area relinquished or

d CO

0m

rice

T3

3

b

community farm

COLLECTTING SYSTEM

T1

Incorporated VF

vertical farm

residential building

GV

RE

d CO

commercial

FF

RE

d CO

13500m2

Finish components

1200m2 Storage

FF

URBAN

RE

FM

FIELD FARM

URBANIZATION PROCESS

b

TREE FARM

Project to be fulfilled requires collaboration with farmers, government, local univerities and local investors, as existing rice staw boards company. The prototype would allow it to extend and possibly encourage more alternative building materials companies to be established in Chengdu as there is a possibility to collect different waste like leafs or crops waste and convert them into boards to replace timber.

Field Farming

NAME

VERTICAL FARM

The concept of reusing agricultural waste to produce building materials and energy is introduced by the grid all around the Chengdu’s 5th ring. The grid consist of 5 components placed after evaluation of urbanised zones border conditions. One of the component - rice straw mill produces insulation boards (+2mln per year) and rice husk power plant ( 65,728MWyear) . Rice straw insulation boards can influence building wall’s u value,as now the requirement in Chengdu is 0,7W/m2K. Although, to achieve sustainable building standarts it needs to be 0,1W/m2K ,which rice straw boards are able to do.

FM

TRANSFORMATION

COMBINATION

GV

RE d

b b

GV: the government should cooperate with various kinds of companys when planning residential areas, in order to make residential development more mixed and lively.

CO: the companies in rice industry could use the manpower of migrant farmers and workers in the residential area and much more integrated with commnity farming.

waste

VF

energy

VERTI

rice

T5

community farm

market fruits

1 km compound 350,000 m2 farm area 2

rice straw rice straw

T3 INCORPORATION

TF

product

T4

Roof Farming

T1 FF RE

VF

100%

URBANIZATION URBAN AREA

TDR URBAN

SUBURB

50/50

d

b b

GV: the government should cooperate with various kinds of companys when planning residential areas, in order to make residential development more mixed and lively.

CO: the companies in rice industry could use the manpower of migrant farmers and workers in the residential area and much more integrated with commnity farming.

SMART CITY URBAN AREA AGRICULTURE

TRANSFERABLE FARMLAND PRESERVATION

TRANSFORMATION

COMBINATION

Transfer of Development Rights (TDR) means making available certain amount of additional built up area in lieu of the area relinquished or surrendered by the owner of the land, so that he can use extra built up area either himself or transfer it to another in need of the extra built up area for an agreed sum of money

DP GET MORE DEVELOPMENT RIGHT IN URBAN AREA

DP KEEP THE FARMLAND IN SUBURBAN AREA

SUMMER SeMESTER 2012

SMART CITY-CHENGDU 5TH

RING AS INCUBATOR

Laura Petruskeviciute, Paulina Naruseviciute, Huang Zhen

[DEVELOPMENT]

STARTING FROM UTOPIAS

A long time ago, in a land far away, the city of Chengdu grew in a flat plane surrounded by mountains. The people there lived a rich and happy existence, developing their own unique skills, crafts, industries and arts. For many years, this culture was protected by the mountains around it but after time new inventions, technologies and ideas began to reach the city. As the population of Chengdu grew and grew, the cost of living increased and the city was forced to expand into 4 rings. The construction of industrial buildings and huge skyscrapers interrupted and divided the skyline of this once calm city.

One day, the people of Chengdu heard that the government was making plans to urbanise the 5th ring endangering the only remaining suburbs. Facing the threat of urban expansion, the people decided to erect walls and build a canal, around the highway of the 4th ring, to preserve their cultural identity from being further compromised. The space within the walls was reserved for smart, fast production industrial zones and transport networks. As one old city had already been destroyed, the government decided to introduce the game of six components to the remaining 5 cities. Educational, cultural, media facilities, housing industries and government faculties were given to the people of each town who, based upon their own unique cultural identities, with these tools, developed their own schemes for their respective cities.

The mountains form the natural boundary for the city’s expansion.

SCENARIO GAMES. PROBLEMS AND GOALS

FIRST PROPOSAL

1985

technique support

Self-built house

Architecture firm

raw material

1987

Design company

Factory

material innovation

Farmer 1990

1995

low-tech construction

reduce heating island effect

new material

Productions line 2000

guides

Education center

Gallery

events/market 2001

2004

Circle of rice From the farm to design company Circle ofstraws.

STRAW

INCORPORATION AND INVESTORS

PHASING I

PHASING II

Changing image of city Farmlandis mixed within growing urban fabric

farmland

city Waste collection and energy supply

PHASE III

Urban unit 300mX300m

Urbanized areas from PHASE II leads to vertical farming as well as introducing farmland into compound system. +Vertical farming would provide 3 times bigger annual yield. + Less land needs to be occipied vy farmling leading to bigger residents number - At the moment quite expensive technology.

Rice field size enough to feed one urban unit

PHASE II

Farmlands are centalized around production nod and integrated into urban fabric. Keeping balance with residents number which coul be fed by farmland. + Engaging community + Reducing transportation of product to community +Sustainable cycle - Low density for growing city

PHASE I Exsisting farmland is connected into network were 5 straw mills are cabale of recyling straw. + protects from burning straw waste and reduce annual distribution of CO2 - very low density

WASTE

ENERGY

FOOD

BIO PRODUCT

COMMUNITY

EXISTING SITUATION

At the moment the existing Chengdu’s rice straws brick factory have a plan to establish 4 more factorys around the 5th ring,to reduce transportation loss. Although, they not consider agriculture land loss in the future.

THINKING OF AGRICULTURE AS INTEGRAL PART OF THE CITY

EXPLORING VERTICAL FARMS The initial idea of dealing with fast urbanization and agricultural land disappearance was vertical farms implementation. Although, the calculations showed that energy consumption is extremely huge. To maintain one tower is enough 8000 family electricity per year. Light penetration is low as buildings in suroundings cast a shadow. After the research we came up with an idea of a lighter and easy buildable structure whch could be cheap and fully recycl

Agriculture integration in urban environment

BAMBOO TREE FARM

Concept sketches

Concept .From rice to structure

Creating green fabric

CONCRETE TREE FARM Development

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

Concrete tree farm

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

[PRECEDENTS]

MASTERPLAN PRECEDENT

STRUCTURE PRECEDENTS Agricultural city concept Natural growth of the agricultural city is provided by a grid system of streets containing the utility pipes underneath.While each of the square units composed of several households is autonomous, linking these units together creates a village.The living units multiply spontaneously without any hierarchy, gradually bringing the village into being as the traditional rural settlement has developed throughout Japanese history.

Canada pavilion 1969

*Exhibited at the “Visionary Architecture” exhibition at the Museum of Modern Art, New York, in 1961

GROWING VERTICALLY

MVRDV “Pig city”

Intropolis, Walter Jonas Traditional or modern homes were all oriented towards the outside, but instead of great landscapes and views, they had noise, dust and noxious gases, the architect has worked in rethinking the meaning of “home” The design of the terraced, inward-arranged housing is compact and allows good light and visibility.

Through the funnel-shaped building structure more undeveloped green space for the public is available.

Vertical farms

Chinese greenhouse Chinede traditional houses

REFERENCES

http://www.slideshare.net/PamelaE/enviro-board-power-point-presentation http://r0.unctad.org/infocomm/anglais/rice/market.htm http://www.cdny.gov.cn/en/basic.asp?rid=1 http://www.greenstone.org/greenstone3/nzdl;jsessionid=5C3EB830C1D53ACC7AE7039753319BBC?a=d&d=HASH16ced04f610cd5230 c91a2.9.3.np&c=cdl&sib=1&dt=&ec=&et=&p.a=b&p.s=ClassifierBrowse&p.sa= http://www.google.de/imgres?q=rice+hydroponics&um=1&hl=de&client=firefox-a&sa=X&rls=org.mozilla:en-US:official&biw=1269& bih=659&tbm=isch&tbnid=ZZs5fmdmtamPKM:&imgrefurl=http://www.pb.ethz.ch/research/cerealbiotech1&docid=WcTN_AOPyExeM&imgurl=http://www.pb.ethz.ch/research/Rice2.png&w=477&h=274&ei=EWPUT4THGMnbtAbOkaGaDw&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=177& vpy=363&dur=1757&hovh=170&hovw=296&tx=191&ty=63&sig=101468263343251274832&page=1&tbnh=121&tbnw=210&start=0&nds p=15&ved=1t:429,r:10,s:0,i:101 http://www.renewableenergyworld.com/rea/news/article/2008/05/powering-villages-from-rice-husks-52488 http://edibleinfrastructures.blogspot.co.uk/p/density.html http://www.rdb.com.kh/data/green%20community.htm http://www.metaefficient.com/architecture-and-building/chinese-design-winner-high-rise-with-vertical-hydroponics.html