Carbohidratos 2 by Paúl Navarro

Carbohidratos Introducciรณn Monosacรกridos Oligosacรกridos Polisacรกridos

Carbohidratos Celulosa

Juan José Suárez Menéndez Catedrático de Física y Química Asociación de Químicos del Principado de Asturias

Carbohidratos Introducciรณn Monosacรกridos Oligosacรกridos Polisacรกridos

Introducción ¿Qué es un carbohidrato? • Son polihidroxi-aldehídos o polihidroxicetonas o compuestos que conducen a ellos por hidrólisis y sus derivados. • Se denominan Hidratos de carbono por responder muchos de ellos a la formula empírica:

C(H2O)n

Introducción ¿Qué es un carbohidrato? • Se producen en la fotosíntesis. • Las plantas verdes contienen clorofila que capta de la luz solar la energía necesaria para realizar el proceso:

6 CO2

+ H2O

C6(H2O)6 + 6 O2

Introducción ¿Cómo se clasifican? C a r b o h i d r a t o s

Monosacáridos

Cetosas

Azúcares Oligosacáridos

Polisacáridos

Aldosas

-2

-3

Tri

-4

tetr

-5

pent

-6

Hex

- 7 Hept

Carbohidratos Introducciรณn Monosacรกridos Oligosacรกridos Polisacรกridos

Monosacรกridos

Estructura Reacciones y derivados Aislamiento y anรกlisis

MonosacĂĄridos

Estructura Aldosas Cetosas Estructura cĂclica

Monosacáridos

Estructura

Aldosas Tres carbonos: Aldotriosas CHO

CHO

CH2 OH

D (+)

L (-) Gliceraldehído

currentpoint 19

Monosacáridos

Estructura

Aldosas Cuatro carbonos: Aldotetrosas

dL DSt 20 370 796 552 952 352 513 214 095 822 122 1 1952 [14 59[12 1345 2047 2086 1878 1904 2736 2756 2580 2606 1033 50 I 1345 I3122 40 2464 4370 1427 4921 1952 4352 4882 3845 1453 3122 801952 3425 2580 40 1714] 2416] 2455] 1878] 1904] 3105] 3125] 2580] 2606] 3425] 20 1714] DSt DSt chemdict gr[13 [0 I 1952 1453 begin1714 2606 SP gr 211 /bs[[1 [1 ]d 2606 DSt end 1 120 2 gs 4370 1796 4552 1952 4352 4513 4214 2095 1822 3122 dL DSt [1 Db 1 1952 I[14 544370 [12 1345 2047 2086 1878 1904 2736 2756 2580 2606 1033 50 I 1345 I3122 40 2464 1714 4370 1427 4921 1952 4352 4882 3845 1453 3122 801952 3425 2580 40 DSt 1714] 2416] 2455] 1878] 1904] 3105] 3125] 2580] 2606] 3425] 20 1714] DSt [2DSt chemdict I gr 1952 [13 [0 I2416 1952 1453 beginDSt 1714 2606 SP [3DSt I 4370 [1 DbI2455 4370DSt 171

p}{sqrt A OrA{py v2180 -2 9.6 spA}{cw restore sc m emDraw pyRight t{1 mv a}b/PT{8 cm 6 ansform ct/chemdict Y exec}{al dv -1 px 2sm 0s{dp gr}{pp}{gs m gdv dp mv HA}{dL dv dp -.6 x rO exec sc py 12 neg sm b2 0st WI -1 CA np lp neg wF mv 0 n LB py 1.2 pgr -9.6 sc bd p a}{ex st L/gs/gsave eneg p 15 at clip}b/Ct{bs mv OA}{1 px 1986, np L/xl/translate Laser arcn ln 5pp aL p m neg}if/py gs 0m gr mv lp2cp OB st}b/HA{lW p -1 ex 16.8 lo 1at 2.25 0 mv wy m sl gs 190 145 0px 8l12 n lp ac fill counttomark{bs py rst}{0 n/ex sg ro aR bW 3.375 np ix 10.3 Prep dp 1987, dv ro 0.6 py wx bd ac 8cv OB/bL -1 sc SA gr fill dict px 1aL 0rad L/ie/ifelse DLB neg x m1 01eq{DD}{DS}ie nsc -9.6 p at 0 end}b/Db{bs{dp 1.2 x8dp 0ey gr py ne{bW sc DA}{dL SA m pput bd lrot dp Cambridge -1 0 mt 120 pm eL/S{sf px cm l}for p0 n/ey 180 m rad 21.6 -1 rO xcpt mv 2p1m/w DA}{cw 0 b1 gro 0lchemdict bW 0py dv sm CA ac 0 -.6 -1 bs lt{-1 12 ac 180 paA 0 tr/dy a}ie}b/WW{gs a}ie}b/BW{wD xl 2x 0st L/ix/index -8 80sc dp x rot m}b/dA{[3 py st}{Asc l2.2 0 px dx dv}{bd}ie 1.5 0 p sc eOA}{1 gr}{gs 0cp py np s24.6 ne{bW 6DLB g 1 360 3Scientific 16 m n/dx 180 neg py gpx/dx -1 2SA sc cm -1 50lp gs begin/version al54mv 0m 0 rarc -4.8 px neg}if/px ersqrt -1 type[]type ac arc o gi gs DA}{dL sm x1s12 xps-1 neg LB sl L/l/lineto CB dy 20.6 180 ac 0 py al rgs 30.5 mv 02.25 % userdict/chemdict L/gr/grestore L/tr/transform xl lpp SA RA}{6 -1 st}b/OrA{py -8 py np gs efill o acp wy dp In x 5 OB wF 25.8 st}{0 sc dv/bd 2dp rO lW S]}b/dL{dA py 1 pp w 16 gs eComputing, 2 0 dp/cY n/dy 1 cw py g bW -1 2.2 p dp CB eq{DB}{DS}ie wD sc 8 cm p ChemDraw CopyRight r90 6fill sg w xl}{xl 0 -1 m2 gr pp}{sqrt pA ix o 1 begin sg DA}{cw p dv 2rev{neg}if ac m 0.5 2 1 ellp 0r-9.6 ol-1 SA cv lt{1 -2 180 2 spxsc m px mv cm a}b/PT{8 fill sp-1 exec}{al dv px 2CA sc sm 1fill 16 0rO gr}{pp}{gs cX x}if cW px s{dp begin xm gnp[{py py dv L/mt/matrix dp mv m re23 HA}{dL dv sg l-1.6 dp eq{dp SA setgray -.6 x rO lx sc exec 0 DA}{cw np sneg 12 py gr wy 0cm sm bs 1b2 0gr pp -1 CA WI st pnp dp ne OA}{1 lp afill plp arc neg def/b{bind ly np wF rlineto 0mv 1LB py 0 n1.2 pcm mv DA}{2.25 bW cm 1gr -9.6 esc bd 27 p a}{ex lbs sm st opL/gs/gsave eneg wx pp}ifelse ac p 1at 5 clip}b/Ct{bs 0pmv dp OA}{1 cp gr g/wb Inc. ogs 0px 1986, L/xl/translate arcn lnp Laser 5 ncY pp p aL m sc}b/Ov{OrA 0mv neg}if/p gs sm m gr mv p lrO 16 0lesm 1.6 ncm 2cp clippath px 0OB st gs -1 p st}b/HA{lW w at 16.8 ex gcm WI lo 10gat 2.25 mv 0 wy py pm 1 sl gs 145 90 0ne ne{bW cp px -1 85 2 div pp}{2 lac st}{Asc 1 gr}b/OB{/bS 12 n lp 32fill counttomark{bs cm mt lp st rpy xsm st}{0 27 n/ex L/mv/moveto sg lro aR bW mv 3.375 np ix 1m eq{gs sm 0.3 p 0P 1987, dp dv lW 4px sc m or{4 bs 1ro 0.6 fill}b/SA{aF bd p wx 0ac 8gr cv sdef}bind OB/bL -1 dup rep sc ro pdict SA fill gr 4.8 sm lgi px 1sl est}]e ySA 10yaL w 0270 bL rad st ecp L/ie/ifelse DLB neg st}{px py ZLB m1 x 0m 1lp nsc eq{DD}{DS}ie -9.6 fill 1 al 0 end}b/Db{bs{dp p 1.2 at 1.5 tr px8g/bb 4dp 0 2gr ey ppy ne{bW st 1DA}{dL sc 25.8 gr SA p m dp lOA}{1.5 put 2 S bd py fill dp rot Cambridge lpp -1 wy mv 0 120 mt gs rO gi p dv/bd em cp lAA}{1 r0 L/S{sf cm px l}for 39 gr S dv pSA cpt 0 n/ey 180 m rad 21.6 gs x -1 4 rO cpt p1mv 2al p 1setgray DA}{cw m/w 4-1 0 end x b1 rO g lt{pp 0 o ro lac chemdict cm np bW px cv a/py 0 1 def/L{load 0.4 lW py dv ap sg CA sm dp ac 0 wb -.6 m lt{-1 bs 0.5 -1 pp xDA}{270 12 oesetdash}d/cR ac -1 180 w p aA r}if g0 1 L/m/mul xl tr/dy a}ie}b/WW{gs a}ie}b/BW{wD px 2ac st 0 x3 x}if L/ix/index 8-8 0-0.4 at 8 m xl gr}b/In{px dv sm}b/CB{np[{[{CS}{CS}{cB 0mv sc exec dp 2 rot xsc m}b/dA{[3 py 0 st}{Asc leq{dL}if 2.2 px p dx dv}{bd}ie 1.5 sc 0 DT}]o 4ix eOA}{1 sg 24.6 -1 px gr}{gs 0cp x py SA s24dv np 24.6 ro}ie}b/AA{np lW ne{bW 6pp 1 g DLB 360 lg/cX round 3cm 0Bd 3Scientific wx 16 1m neg ZLB n/dx 180 g py fill S}if/lp -1 psc rad x/dx -0.4 -1 2py SA sc -1 cm st}{1.0 gr}ie}b/Cr{0 5 0ix lp a1gs px 0begin/version OA}{1 m/aL al5pp 9.6 4mv 0currentmatrix rgr}b/wD 180 m 1 a/px lW rarc -4.8 0gr nH px neg}if/px p xl erL/n/neg sqrt w def}b/d/def type[]type -1 ac arc lp x 3o gi DA}{dL gs sm x 1 CA 0s12 x0 sc sp gs -1 neg 2LB L/l/lineto sl ap cm wb o/cX 3-1 CB 21.6 2dy 0.6 6180 ac n gpy al 0rO -2 r3 gs 360 ac 10.5 mv AA}{1 x dx o0LB -1 OB 2.25 25.8 wF 1 xsc dv/bd st}{0 12 g 42pdp rO lW S]}b/dL{dA 1 py DA}{180 rlpp lp s{nH 16 Ac}{0.5 aL ogs Computing, edv sm 1 n/dy cw gs px 5sg exec}b/CS{p 2.2 ac SA gi ep eq{DB}{DS}ie CB ne{py s/wx wD lr6 90 sg xl}{xl w lt{e}if 9.6 arc d/wF xsg begin gs g/cY w L/np/newpath 0nrev{neg}if ac m s1 0.5 e2llp 0cX 18 al 1ofill p-1 px py SA cv st}{0 dp/cY -2 xpx 2pe3fill sOA}{1 CA sc dv 1fill 16 2aR x}if cX rO cW px mv pp 360 begin xcm rad np[{py py 16.8 dv L/mt/matrix n rem dict -1 x23 1mv sg -1.6 dv l0 cY gr eq{dp L/a/add SA setgray sg m 2lx x0 np DA}{cw pp sgr 0 wy cm 1.5 s/wy bs 1dy rpp gr s0 pne dp OA}{1 sc dv DS bb dp pp acm Ac}{1.0 sm rO arc p fill lp 0w def/b{b np ly fill e0 rlineto np 1xl 0m CA 0 cm x DA}{2 mv d/WI{ bW cm 1cv elW 27 rad lbs ssm o p120 d/aF pp}if wx ac n ppx 0 o 4pnp rO dp bd cp np gr Inc. g/wb cvi/n osm -1 gs gr}{ 0gr opx arc cY 0 sc} xmv 9.6 psm ap 16 mv iX rO gl0 esm 1.6 DA n cm cli sl 0 px L/a o st 18 gs lp bs at w g sg sc cm W m ac 0 pcX rl lg 0A psdpn 1cas

Enantiómeros CHO

Enantiómeros

CHO

CH2 OH

D-eritrosa

CH2 OH

L-eritrosa

2 OH currentpointCH 192837465

D-treosa

DIASTEROISÓMEROS

CH2 OH

L-treosa

currentpo

Monosacáridos

Estructura

Aldosas Cuatro carbonos: Aldotetrosas

D-gliceraldehído

CHO

CH2 OH

D-eritrosa

CH2 OH

L-eritrosa

2 OH currentpointCH 192837465

D-treosa L-gliceraldehído

CH2 OH

L-treosa

currentpo

dp cm 1p8sc ChemDraw CopyRight w p/cY r/transform W b/OrA{py fill r/grestore rdict/chemdict y0gr -1 m2 1oix pp}{sqrt pA }{6 pDA}{cw dv 2r-9.6 llt{1 sp180 2-2 sc m mv a}b/PT{8 cm -1 exec}{al dv px 2sm 05xIn gr}{pp}{gs s{dp gm dv mv dp dv HA}{dL dp xrO exec sc 12 neg py sm 0b2 CA -1 st WI np neg wF mv 0lLB py n1.2 plt{1 -9.6 gr bd sc eneg L/gs/gsave pgm clip}b/Ct{bs at 5mv OA}{1 1986, 5nlarcn np L/xl/translate Laser pp pm aL neg}if/py 0gs pmv lgr m 2cp -1 pst}b/HA{lW 16.8 ex o1lneg mv at wy 2.25 0wF 1m gs sl 90 0145 8lgr lp ac 12 nbd fill counttomark{bs rpy st}{0 n/ex aR ro 3.375 ix np 1OA}{1 0.3 dv 1987, dp Prep 0.6 ro bd py wx 8ac cv -1 sc fill dict gr SA 1px aL 0lo1rad neg DLB L/ie/ifelse 0m1 xm neq{DD}{DS}ie -9.6 sc 0pend}b/Db{bs{dp at 8xcounttomark{bs gr dp ey ne{bW py sc DA}{dL pm SA put rot Cambridge dp ldp -1 0120 mt ppbd em px L/S{sf l}for prep 0180 n/ey m rad x-1 rO 2mv 1p0m/w DA}{cw 0b1 gm1 bW 0end}b/Db{bs{dp dv py ac CA sm 0bs lt{-1 -1 12 ac 180 paA xl 0a}ie}b/BW{wD a}ie}b/WW{gs 2-1 st 00120 xmt -8 sc rot x02.2 py lst}{Asc 0m}b/dA{[3 dv}{bd}ie dx px sc p21.6 01.5 OA}{1 emv 0gr}{gs py cp snp 6bW 1360 gDLB 16 Scientific neg m 180 n/dx gpy p12 x/dx -1 2180 sc SA -1 cm 52lp 0st begin/version 4s0dp m -4.8 rarc 01.5 px ereOA}{1 ac type[]type -1 arc 1sm xgs DA}{dL sx24.6 xne{bW sp6neg -1 LB L/l/lineto sl CB 0.6 2dy ac 180 py al rx/dx 0.5 mv OB wF 2.25 dv/bd sc st}{0 2rO dp lW py S]}b/dL{dA pp 16 Computing, 1cw n/dy 2.2 peq{DB}{DS}ie wD rogi 690 sg w begin m rev{neg}if ac e10.5 20lp loCB -1 cv SA 2mv spfill sc CA dv fill 12.25 cX x}if rO cW px py np[{py erm 23 -1.6 lsg dv setgray eq{dp SA lx np 0w DA}{cw sr0cm gr wy bs gr ps0begin ne dp OA}{1 aarc lp pfill def/b{bind np ly 1-1 cm 0xmv DA}{2.25 bW cm 1fill sm lbs popx ac pp}ifelse wx pnp[{py 0L/mt/matrix dp gr oInc. g/wb gs 0sg cY mv 0sc}b/Ov{OrA rO lgr 1.6 sm 0ebs ngr clippath px 0p0st gs at w gWI 0def/b{bind g0rlineto py ne{bW ne cp -1 2pp}{2 5e1gr}b/OB{/bS ac st}{Asc 23lbs lp cm st mt sm xpp}ifelse l0mv sm eq{gs 0p4lW or{4 1sc px bs m fill}b/SA{aF 0sm gr s0sm def}bind dup pst ro sm lgi st}]e esl 1gWI SA 270 st cp epZLB st}{px py m lp-1 1fill al 1.5 g/bb 024L/mv/moveto pl25.8 1st gr dp lm S 2put OA}{1.5 py fill wy 0dv/bd gi rO gs rAA}{1 ls0def}bind 39 dv S gr cpt SA rad p4gs al setgray 4est -1 xend lt{pp rO olpcm ac 0cv px np 1def/L{load a/py sap lW 0.4 gg/bb m xpp oDA}{270 edp -1 w gr}if 1pp L/m/mul px x}if 30ac 8cp -0.4 dv sm}b/CB xl m gr}b/In{p mv exec sc 2eq{dL}i sc pgs DT}]o sc 4124.6 sg px -1 cp xlt{pp 24py SA dv lW pp g/cX l0.4 cm Bd 30w 1wx S}if/ fill -1 sc rad py st}{ ix 0ppx 1abac OA 9.6 pp cu r2sc gr 18 lW 1pangD px2-pL dw l3 Monosacรกridos Estructura % userdict L/gr/grestore L/tr/transform xl lpp SA RA}{6 -1 st}b/OrA{py -8 py np gs efill o acp wy dp 0 w 2-.6 0 dp/cY cw py 1 g bW -1 dp cm ChemDraw Copy sc 8 p fill 0 -1 m2 gr pp}{sqrt pA ix o 1 2 DA plp dv r-9.6 -2 180 2 spm sc cm mv a}b/PT{8 -1 p exec}{al dv 2spa}{ex 0st gr}{pp}{gs s1 m dv dp }{cw mv xpx /chemdict {dp HA}{dL dv dp -.6 x rO Right exec sc 12 py neg sm 0OB b2 st WI CA -1 np lp mv 0 n LB py 1.2 ppx -9.6 sc a}{ex p st L/gs/gsave neg esg p 1bW 5 at clip}b/Ct{bs mv px 1986, np arcn L/xl/translate ln Laser 5 p pp aL m neg}if/py 0 gs m mv gr p lOB/bL 2cp OB st}b/HA{lW p -1 ex 16.8 at 2.25 mv 0 wy gs sl 1190 145 0 px 81.2 l12 n lp ac fill py r0 st}{0 n/ex sg ro bW aR 3.375 np ix 1bd 0.3 P dv 1987, ro 0.6 w ac 8cm cv OB/bL -1 sc SA dict gr fill px 121.6 ycpt x aL rad DLB L/ie/ifelse neg 0l0ro x 1chemdict n eq{DD}{D sc -9.6 p 1.2 0 at x8-.6 dp 0ey gr py ne{bW DA}{dL sc SA p m put bd rot dp ltr/dy Cambridge pL/ix/index m e80L/S{sf px cm l}for pdp n/ey 180 m rad x -1 rO cpt 2p 1 DA}{cw m/w 0 b1 g24.6 0ro lne{bW chemdict 03py dv CA sm ac 0 -.6 bs lt{-1 -1 ac paA 0a}ie}b/BW{wD a}ie}b/WW{gs tr/dy xl x 0gs L/ix/index -8 8l5a0mv rot xm}b/dA{[3 pl0 s2.2 dx dv}{bd}ie 0p sneg}if/px csqrt S}ie gr}{gs t}{Asc 0ogi py cp y np cs12 g 360 1 DLB 3 16 Scientific m n/dx 180 neg gpy p03gs 2 -1 SA sc cm -1 5025.8 0 lp gs begin/vers a5 l1 4mv 0egs m 0 arc r-4.8 px neg}if/p erCB sqrt -1 type[]ty ac arc DA}{dL sm x gs 1xl}{xl 12 sxsg ps-1 neg sl LB L/l/lineto dy 0.6 2 180 ac py al 0-2 rgs 3xpx 0.5 016 OB wF 25.8 sc st}{0 dv/bd 2xbegin dp rO lW S]}b/dL{dA py 1L/mt/matrix pp 16 gs eComputing, 1 n/dy cw 2.2 p CB eq{DB}{DS}ie 90 61w spp xl}{xl x rev{neg}if ion ac m 0.5 1 g 2 elD lp 00gorlineto SA pe cv -2 px 2 p se27 CA sc dv 1fill 16 rO cX cW x}if begin x py m recp 23 ldv -1.6 SA eq{dp setgray lx DA}{cw np 0sm s16 0 cm wy 1cm pp ne dp OA}{1 acm fill p lp arc ly np 1p0 cm DA}{2.25 mv cm bW 1div 27 sm op27 wx ac pL/mv/moveto dp cp gr g/wb oInc. gs 0m cY sc}b/Ov{OrA 0mv 16 lrO e1.6 ncm clippath px 04.8 gs w at cm cm 00gw pbL ne{bW ne cp 5pp}{2 div 2 ac gr}b/OB{/bS st}{Asc 10tr y3 2pst cm lp mt xsm 27 mv eq{gs sm p0bd lW 4pp sc px bs m or{4 1mv fill}b/SA{aF 0cp gr dup ro p4.8 sm lgi sl st}]e eSA 1 01w 270 bL cp ZLB st}{px py m fill 1al 1.5 0 tr pdp 4wb 200.5 pst 125.8 gr lsetdash}d OA}{1.5 S 2put fill py bd mv wy gi rO gs dv/bd AA}{1 l0 r0at 39 gr dv SSA cpt rad 4pix al set 4-1 x end rO oro}ie} ac 0cm np pcv def/L a/py 1round lW sap g dp m p0.5 xZLB DA} x o-0.4 esetd gray -1 w r}if ggr}i 1L/m x}i 30px 8m/ 0-0. at xl gr} m sm dv ex eq s4ix

Aldosas Cinco carbonos: Aldopentosas D-eritrosa

D-ribosa

CHO

CH2OH

D-treosa CHO

CH OH C H OH currentpointC H192837465 OH current currentp oint2 192837465 currentp oint 192837465 2

D-arabinosa

D-xilosa

D-lixosa

Monosacรกridos

Estructura

70end /bs[[1 [1 ]d gr 1165 [0 742 746 762 864 638 881 633 I 1759 6759 4200 4010 2850 4770 3349 3520 4641 4662 2669 100 2487 2181 40 742 746 762 1169 333 1186 328 80 DSt 759 4505] 4010] 3155] 5075] 3349] 3825] 4662] 2669] 40 4010] 3349] 4641] 2669] [12487] I3064 746 4505 D begin StDSt [240 SP I[11186 4010 DSt 328 40102589 DSt DSt [4 I [3 742 3155 4456 D St 75 /bs[[1 [1 ]d gr Db end 120 [0 166 3218 3321 3280 3033 3145 3073 3162 3264 3038 3344 Ichemdict 13182 123 3182 2092 4150 3961 4720 2589 3470 4591 4613 3271 96 3075 2770 40 3218 3626 3585 2727 3145 2768 3162 3569 2732 3649 2759 803182 2397] 4456] 3961] 5026] 2589] 3775] 4591] 4613] 3271] 20 3075] I 3218 chemdict 2397 begin D[3 St I[2 SP I 3626 I 3145

Aldosas

%w userdict L/gr/grestore L/tr/transform xl lpp SA RA}{6 -1 st}b/OrA{py -8 py np gs efill o acp wy dp 0 In x 5 2-1 0 dp/cY cw py 1 g bW dp cm ChemDraw Copy sc 8 p fill 0 -1 m2 gr pp} pA 1 ix o dv 2 DA pr-9.6 llt{ -2 180 2ssc p m a} cm mv p -1 2 exec}{al dv sgr}{pp}{gs 0sgm m dv }{cw dp mv x{sqrt /chemdict HA}{dL 1 {dp dv b/PT{8 dp -.6 x rO Right exec sc py 12 neg sm b2 0st CA WI -1 np lp neg wF mv 0n LB py p 1.2 gr -9.6 bd sc p a}{ex st L/gs/gsave eneg p15clip}b/Ct{bs at mv OA}{1 px 1986, np arcn n Laser lL/xl/translate 5pp p aL m neg}if/py 0 gs m mv gr lp2cp OB st}b/HA{lW p-1 ex 16.8 o l1at 2.25 mv 0wy sl gs m 1 145 90 0px 8l12 nac lp counttomark{bs fill py rst} n/ex sg ro bW aR 3.375 np ix 15 0.3 P dp dv 1987, ro 0.6 bd p w ac 8cv -1 rep sc dict SA fill gr px {0 1y8 aL xfill 0gr DLB neg 0x1eq{DD}{D m1 nsc -9.6 01.2 plx8lt{1 at end}b/Db{ dp 0gr ey py ne{bW DA}{dL sc p m bd rot dp lCambridge 120 0 mt pmv m eL/S{sf cm px l}for prO 180 m rad 21.6 -1 x rO cpt mv 2sm p1{py DA}{ m/w 0b1 g0lro chemdict bW 0wF py dv CA sm ac 0-.6 lt{-1 -1 12 ac 180 aA p 0a}ie}b/BW{wD a}ie}b/WW{gs tr/dy xl 2p -8 80px s1986, rot dp xlnp m}b/dA{[3 p s0 l2.2 dx dv}{bd}ie 0psp eOA}{1 cbs{dp S}ie t}{Asc gr}{gs 0OB py cp np ycsst}b/H ne{bW 1 DLB 3gs 16 Scientific n/dx 180 neg gpy SA sc -1 5sg 0lp gs begin/vers 5 aldv 4mv 00.6 m 0r-4.8 neg}if/p px ressqrt -1 type[]ty ac arc DA}{dL x sm gs 112 sxycaL neg L/l/lineto sl LB dy 20.6 ac al py 0end}b/Db{bs{dp rgs 3x 0.5 0py 2.25 OB wF 25.8 sc st}{ dv/bd 2dp rO lW S]} py 1dp pp 16 gs eComputing, cw 2.2 CB eq{DB}{DS}ie pl}for w 90 6m w sxl}{xl sbegin ion rev{neg}if m ac 0.5 b/dL{dA 1 ge2gD llp 00lro gchemdict o -1 SA pe cv xsm 2px splt{-1 CA sc dv 1fill 16 cX cW rO x}if px begin xpaA np[{py py L/mt/matrix erst sg dv l-1.6 SA setgray eq{dp DA}{cw np 0rot 0wy cm bs 10sc gr pp 0pne dp anp parc lp def/b{bind ly np rlineto 061360 0DA}{ mv bW cm 1neg e27 bs lsm pp}ifelse wx ac 0cm dp g/wb cp oInc. 0gs cY 0mv lrO sm e01.6 ncm px 0neg}if/px st w at cm WI gogi 0cm gs12 pxsppneg 2.25 ne ne{bW cp b/Ov{OrA -1 5pp}{2 div 20.6 ac gr}b/OB{/bS 1180 32y0 cm st mt lp 27 L/mv/moveto lmv m sm eq{gs p02lW 4rO sc or{4 bs m px 1S]}b/dL{dA 016 gr s1n/dy def}bind dup ro pp 4.8 sm gi lwD sl st}]e erSA 1690 0xl}{xl w 270 bL est cp ZLB st}{px py m 1 al 1.5 0tr p-2 g/bb 02ppsfill st 1sc 25.8 gr dp lrO OA}{ S put 2ppy fill bd pp mv wy gi gs dv/bd rO 0rcp AA} rlB}{DS}ie 0lsg 39 gr dv SSA cpt rad 11bs al set xend lt{ rO oa0 ac cm np ply cv def/L{load 10 a/py 0.4 lW sap gw m p0.5 xDA}{2.25 ox27 setdash}d/cR gray 1.5 {1 -1 w pp gac L/m/mul 1pppx ac 3cp 00-0.4 at xl m sm}b/CB{np gr}b/In{px dv mv exec 2 eq{dL}if p sc 4 -1 px cp xSA 42 py dv ro}ie}b/A lW lround cm 3ne{bW 1wx ZLB -1 S}if/lp rad -0.4 py gr}ie}b/Cr{ st}{1.0 0ix px 0OA}{ m/aL pp currentma rfill}b/SA{ 180 gr}b/w lW a/px nH xl pL/n/neg w x CA 0st}]e 00sc gs 2st ap cm wb o/cX 3m -1 21.6 -2 rO 360 ac xdx o04 1 1 g12 4lS A{n pOA DA rlpp s{n lp A} Ac [{[ aL osm dv 5rlgs px ex sg SA ac gi edv s/ ne lrSA 9a1dxagL n % userdict L/gr/gres L/tr/transform xl lpp SA RA}{6 -1 st}b/OrA -8 py np gs oefill acp wy 0dp xIn w 02OB/bL dp/cY -1 cw g1py bW dp ChemDraw Copy cm psc 0rad -1 m2 pp}{sqrt pA oix 1L/ie/ifelse dv p2DA}{cw r-9.6 2180 sp-2 sc m cm a}b/PT{8 mv exec}{al dv -1 px mv 2SA sm 0put gr}{pp}{gs s-1 gm dv dp {dp /chemdict HA}{dL dv dp -.6 x0n/ey tore Right sc exec py neg 12 0b2 -1 CA WI st np lp neg 0mv LB npy 1.2 pbs -9.6 gr sc bd pa}{ex st neg eL/gs/gsave 10xst at clip}b/Ct{bs 5L/ix/index mv OA}{1 L/xl/trans 5arcn nLaser pp paL m neg}if/p gs 01.5 gr lmv m cp 2cw -1 px24.6 16.8 ex lo16g360 0mv at 2.25 wy m 1sl 90 145 0m px 8plx/dx 12 lp ac n2-1 fill counttomark{bs py rcm st}{0 n/ex ro bW aR 3.375 np ix 10.3 dp Prep 1987, ro py bd w ac 8arc cv O -1 gr fill SA dict p1ogi xpsA{lW 0-1 rad B/bL neg L/ie/ifelse DLB late x0m1 1CB eq{DD}{DS}ie n180 -9.6 sc 1.2 p0at 8mv 0gr dp ey ne{bW sc DA}{dL pSA m put bd lrot Cambridge -1 0120 mt p1n/dy em L/S{sf cm px pr0n/ey 180 rad 21.6 rO cpt x-1 2mv 1pxm/w DA}{cw 0b1 bW 0-2 dv py ac CA -.6 0fill bs -1 12 ac 180 xl 0tr/dy a}ie}b/WW{gs a}ie}b/BW{wD 2m x023 L/ix/index -8 80lx sc dp xsm}b/dA{[3 2.2 lpy st}{Asc 0gr px dx dv}{bd}ie p1.5 eOA gr} 0OA}{1 cp py sfill 24.6 ne{bW 1D g3cm 16 Scientific m n/dx 180 gpy popx/dx -1 2psc {gs LB SA -1 }{1 5gr lp 0gs begin/version l5asc} mv 4sm 016 m rarc -4.8 0clippath px ergs sqrt type[]type ac -1 arc sm 1gs xDA}{dL -1 L/l/lineto LB sl CB dy 2st}{Asc ac py al gs r3xsm mv 0.5 0OB 25.8 wF 2.25 st}{0 dv/bd sc dp lW py 1fill}b/SA{aF pp egs Comp cw 2.2 CB eq{D w sg sg begin ac rev{neg}if m 1e0.5 2plllp 0ofill -1 cv SA x42px dv CA fill 116 cX x}if cW xbegin np[{py pL/mt/matrix em 23 uting, -1.6 dv eq{dp xsetgray SA ylx 0np DA}{cw s4gs cm 0pgr wy gr pp 0p4-1 ne dp OA}{1 parc lp fill def/b{bind np rlineto 1dp 0cm mv cm bW 1eDA}{270 lesm bs por}if pp}ifelse wx 0bx}if dp gr o8Inc. g/wb gs cY 0sc sc}b/Ov{OrA mv sm 16 rO lDT}]o sm 0ix 1.6 esg cm n24.6 px clippat 0st gs w at gcm WI 0pp gg/cX py p0Bd ne cp -1 div 2fill pp}{2 5sc gr}b/OB{/b 1ac st}{Asc 32st lp cm mt 27 sm xL/mv/move la1mv eq{gs sm m 0plW 49.6 px m or{4 1sc bs 01gr sgr def}bind dup pdef} 4.8 ro sl3lp gi esl 1hSA w m bL 270 cp eZLB st}{px py l6pgn1fill al 0tr 1.5 p1A g/bb 2LB p-1 st 25.8 1xgr dp 2b/d/ put py fill bd mv wy rO 0gi gs dv/ cp AA 0D 39 S gr cp ra gp4lt s40w

Seis carbonos: Aldohexosas D-ribosa CHO

D-arabinosa CHO

CHO

CH2 OH

D-alosa

CHO

CH2 OH CH2 OH CH2 OH currentp oint 192837465 currentp oint 192837465 currentp oint 192837465 currentpoin

D-altrosa

D-glucosa

D-manosa

Monosacรกridos

Estructura

Aldosas

898 473 920 044 441 874 030 458 858 034 022 0DSt 80 5442 2460] 4477] 3995] 5038] 3339] 3808] 4611] 4632] 2662] 40 [1 end I161 205898 2662 DSt begin [240 SP I 5473 2460 DSt [3 [2 ISP5441 4477 DStDSt [4 [3 I 5920 3995 DSt [5 [4 I 5044 3995 DS 70 /bs[[1 [1 ]d gr Db 13155] [0 7835 7981 7707 7802 7819 7918 7697 7998 7723 Ichemdict 17842 356 7842 2131 4127 3962 4689 3459 4562 4583 3262 2622 99 3095 2790 40 7835 8282 7406 7802 7819 8219 7396 8298 7422 DSt 807842 2431] 4428] 3962] 4989] 3759] 4562] 4583] 3262] 2622] [1 20 3095] I 7835 chemdict 2431 begin DSt I 7802 4428 I 8282 3962 D St I 7406 3962

OB ex 16.8 xl/translate 1po86, svxser }b/Ct /gsave 0at mv wy 2.25 g}if/p 1t}b/H }{1 nm sl gs 190 0145 px 8lac lp 12 nfill counttomark{bs py rn/ex st} sg ro bW aR 3.375 np 1ix 0.3 dp 1987, P dv 0.6 ro pbd w ac 8cv -1 O sc rep gr SA fill dict px {0 1y{bs xaL yA{lW 0w rad B/bL DLB neg L/ie/ifelse 0xm1 1neq{DD}{DS}ie sc -9.6 pend}b/Db{bs{dp 1.2 at 08 8xfill dp ey 0gr py ne{bW sc SA pm bd put lCambridge dp rot -1 mt 0120 p2 esc px cm L/S{sf n/ey 180 0m 21.6 rO x-1 cpt 2mv 1pdp m/w DA}{cw b1 0HA}{dL gdp lro 0rO bW 0dv py ac CA sm -.6 0b2 -1 lt{-1 bs 12 ac 180 paA tr/dy 0a}ie}b/BW{wD a}ie}b/WW{gs xl 2mv st 0xn L/ix/index -8 80gr sc xdp rot l2.2 0py m}b/dA{[3 st pdv}{bd}ie dx 1.5 0sc eat gr}{gs 0OA}{1 cp pnp spx x24.6 ne{bW }{Asc 6gs 1360 ggr A}{1 3y16 Scientific m n/dx 180 neg py gpst}b/HA{lW x/dx -1 2lo sc cm -1 50lp gs begin/version 412 0-4.8 rarc px neg}if/px re3.375 sqrt ac type[]typ -1 arc gi odv sm 1DA}{dL gs x12 s0.6 xw ps-1 neg LB L/l/linet 0.6 2dy CB ac 180 al mv 0.5 0neg 2.25 OB wF 25.8 st}{0 sc dv/bd lW dp py 1S]}b/dL{dA pp 16 Computing, en/dy cw 1dp 2.2 peq{ CB wD rbd 90 6ldp w sg xl} begin sg rev{neg}if m 1e20.5 llp 0l}for op-1 SA cv -2 xomv 2px DB}{DS}ie sc dv CA {xl 116 fill cW ex}if cX px begin xbW py np[{py m ersm 23 sg dv SA eq{dp setgray lx DA}{cw 0np spaA cm wy 0gr 1bs pp p0L/ix/index dp ne OA}{1 parc fill ly def/b{bind 0rlineto mv DA}{2.25 bW 1cm et}{Asc sm lbs wx ac pp}ifelse p601360 og/wb gr Inc. 0gs sc}b/Ov{OrA 0x/dx sm 16 01.6 esm ncm 0clipp st gs w at gWI cm pm ne{bW ne cp -1 gr}b/OB{/bS ac 1st 23ogi lp mt cm ssm xs12 L/mv/moveto mv p}{2 tm eq{gs sm 0p}{Asc 4lW m px 1sc bs or{4 fill}b/SA{aF ath sdef}bind ro p4.8 lgi sm est}]e SA 1py 0pp w 270 bL cp est py st}{px ZLB m lpCB al 1fill 0tr pw g/bb 024sbegin p25.8 1st ldp put 2S fill bd mv wy rO 0dv/bd gi gs cp rpx 39 S gr dv SA cpt rad p4gs 1L/mt/matrix al end x-1 rO lt{p oac cm 0lx px cv np a/py 1def/L{load lW ap 0.4 scm gdp wb xpp 0.5 DA oOA}{1 setdash}d/cR eaw -1 gr} 1L/m/mul p1ac 3x}if 8cm 0mv sgr}b/In{px dv xl -0.4 at m p27 exec x2sc if pm}b/CB{np[{ ix DT}]o 4sc sg px -1 }{270 xpy SA 42dv ro}ie}b/AA{ lW pp lround g/cX cm 30Bd wx 1px ZLB -1 S}if/lp fill rad sc -0.4 py gr}ie}b/Cr{0 0pa1px 0OA}{1 m/aL 9.6 pp rcurrentmatrix gr}b/wD lW a/px 1xsm nH gr pxl w def}b/d/def lp 3xeq{gs 0lW 0sc gs ap wb cm 21.6 -1 6ro glsm rO -2 ac 360 10AA dx oxw -1 LB g412 plDA lrfill s{ lp A oaL sm pgs 504 spac SA egi ne{py sgr lrdp gpp xc}{0.5 }{1 9.6 lt{e}if [{CS}{CS}{cB}{CW}{ nH /wx arc xd/wF g/cY np gs w n0L/np/newpath s039 cX al 118 }{180 pfill px py dp/cY st}{0 OA}{1 1rO pp 360 cm rad dv nlW xdict mv 0cY gr L/a/add sg 2xDA}{270 0s/wy 1.5 spx sc dp pp DS bb Ac}{1.0 cm sm w 0mv efill 0np xl 0m CA d/WI{ lW srad d/aF nppx 0o4pp rO np bd dp cvi/nSq -1 gr}{ gs sm arc 9.6 xrad pap piX gmv DA sl L/al/aload oa1180 bs sm cm ac pcX l9.6 rlineto 0A lcurrentma sgr}b/w cggr at 10 st}b/DS{ mv wx 4.0 w xeq dp 12 0tlp L/pp/pop pCA A}{1 }{120 2.25 efill 0Ov}{0.5 gr sm ro spy eq 180 d/aR olac 018x0dx 1setmi py gs m lp 2gr m dp iY 0bL bb 0st}{ pdv px 4ac ne{ rad 6lrdp py 3st} 0.3 ac -1 4. pom eq C 0w g5sn-ca1e % userdict L/gr/grestore L/tr/transform xl lpp RA}{6 -1 st}b/OrA{py -8 py np egs o acp wy dp 0 In x 5 2 dp/cY -1 cw py g bW dp cm ChemDraw Copy sc -1 m2 pp}{sqrt pA ix o 1 dv 2 DA pDA}{dL r-9.6 lt{1 -2 180 sm mv a}b/PT{8 exec}{al dv p -1 2l}for spgr}{pp}{gs srad g m dv m x mv }{cw dv /chemdict {dp -.6 xchemdict Right sc exec neg 12 WI st CA np lp neg wF LB py p1.2 -9.6 bd pa}{ex neg eL/gs/gsave p1O 5 clip}b/Ct{bs mv 1986, lnp arcn L/xl/translate 5 n Laser p m aL pp neg}if/py 0DLB lpm mv 2 cp OB -1 ex 16.8 1SA 0 at mv 2.25 wy m 1sl 90 0145 px 8al5mv lp ac n0fill counttomark{bs py rm n/ex st}{0 sg ro bW aR np 1 ix 0.3 P 1987, dp ro bd ac 8sl cv OB/bL -1 sc rep gr SA fill dict px 10py y3rgs xaL 0rad DLB L/ie/ifelse x0m1 12eq{DD}{D nrO sc -9.6 end}b/Db{bs{dp p0 1.2 at x8gs gr ey 0py ne{bW sc DA}{dL m SA put rot Cambridge -1 0mt 120 peac px cm L/S{sf n/ey 0180 m rad 21.6 rO -1 cpt 1psfill m/w DA}{cw 0b1 grO 0 lro chemdict 0L/mt/matrix py dv CA ac -.6 0l-1.6 lt{-1 -1 bs 12 ac 180 xl tr/dy a}ie}b/WW{gs a}ie}b/BW{wD 2gr xst -8 8a0lp snp dp xrot lm}b/dA{[3 s2.2 p1dx dv}{bd}ie 1.5 p s0cm ceOA}{1 S}ie gr}{gs 027 cp py np ycspox24.6 ne{bW DLB gdp 3cp 16 Scientific m n/dx neg 180 py gcY pmv -1 2lrO sc SA -1 5px lp begin/vers al50mv 4g0py 0rarc -4.8 px neg}if/p re52pdiv sqrt type[]ty arc -1 DA}{dL gs 127 xlpsneg -1 LB L/l/lineto sl dy 0.6 2CB 180 ac 0py al 3gs r0gr mv 0.5 0dup 2.25 OB wF 25.8 st}{0 dv/bd sc 2sl dp rO lW S]}b/dL{dA 16 gs Computing, n/dy 1cw 2.2 eq{DB}{DS}ie w r1.5 690 sxl}{xl xgr ac rev{neg}if m ion 0.5 eg1OA}{1.5 llp D 0py gopp -1 pe SA cv -2 xlAA}{1 20spfill sc CA 1fill 16 rO x}if cX cW px xbegin py np[{py m er4setgray 23 sg ldv -1.6 eq{dp SA setgray 0DA}{cw 0 wy gr bs 1m gr p 0dp ne lp pfill arc ly np def/b{bind 0rlineto DA}{2.25 cm bW 1emv lsm bs poeq{dL}if wx pp}ifelse ac 0 p24.6 dp cp gr og/wb Inc. gs 0cp cY sc}b/Ov{OrA 0mv sm rO 16 lsm e1.6 ncm 0 clippath st gs w at WI gcm cm 0gst}{1.0 pix ne ne{bW cp -1 2div 5pp}{2 ac gr}b/OB{/bS 1st}{Asc y32180 lp cm mt st 27 L/mv/moveto lL/n/neg mv sm m pCA 4px m or{4 1 bs fill}b/SA{aF 02gr s3o/cX def}bind dup pn4.8 gi sl est}]e SA bL 270 cp st ex1py st}{px ZLB m 1al 0tr 1.5 pdv g/bb 2exec}b/CS{p st 125.8 OA}{1.5 2put Sfill py bd mv wy rO 0gi dv/bd cp lrAA}{1 gr S dv cpt SA rad gs p41e3pal set 4end -1 x2aR lt{pp omv ac 016.8 pnp cv a/py 1def/L{load 0.4 ap s1-1 gdp w 0.5 xpm opp esetdash}d/cR w gray -1 r}if grdy 1L/m/mul p0ac 3bx}if 8dv 0rO gr}b/In{px -0.4 at sm}b/CB{np dv m xl exec 2sc eq{dL}if p0xsc ix DT}]o 4cv sg 24.6 px -1 cp xpy 2SA 4p120 dv ro}ie}b/A lW lround g/cX cm 0Bd 3ogr wx 1px ZLB S}if/lp fill -1 sc -0.4 py st}{1.0 gr}ie}b/Cr{ 0ix px 0lp OA}{1 m/aL pp rdx 180 lW 1 a/px nH pxl L/n/neg def}b/d/d x 3px 0awF sc gs 2py ap cm 3 o/cX wb -1 21.6 62ongmv rO -2 360 oA xdv/m1 LB -1 x1cw 412 gpA{n lDA rp8glp s{n Ac} [{[{ o aL A}{ sm gs 5SA sg D exe eSA gi s/w lt9. ar xdllW gL nm

Seis carbonos: Aldohexosas D-xilosa CHO

CHO

D-lixosa

C H 2OH

currentp oint 192837465 C H OH C H OH currentp oint 192837465 C H OH currentp oint 192837465currentp oi 2

D-gulosa

CHO

D-idosa

D-galactosa

D-talosa

MonosacĂĄridos

Estructura Aldosas Cetosas Estructura cĂclica

Monosacรกridos

Cetosas Tres carbonos: Cetotriosa CH2

C O CH2 OH Dihidroxiacetona

Estructura

Monosacรกridos

Estructura

Cetosas Cuatro carbonos: Cetotetrosas CH2 OH

CH2 OH

C O

H C OH CH2 OH

D-eritrulosa

HO C H CH2 OH

L-eritrulosa

Monosacรกridos

Estructura

Cetosas Cinco carbonos: Cetopentosas CH2OH

CH2OH

C O

H C OH

HO C H

H C OH

CH2OH

D-ribulosa

D-xilulosa

Monosacรกridos

Estructura

Cetosas Cinco carbonos: Cetopentosas CH2OH

CH2OH

C O

H C OH

HO C H

H C OH

HO C H

H C OH

CH2OH

D-psicosa

D-fructosa

D-ribulosa

HO C H

D-Sorbosa

HO C H

D-tagatosa

D-xilulosa

Carbohidratos Ha finalizado la exposición Muchas gracias por su atención Juan José Suárez Menéndez