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The paintings on the front and back cover of this book and the sketches are an artist’s impression of the richness of the Sungai Enam basin in terms of its flora and fauna. Nature’s beauty is an art form that is very hard to imitate and one is left to his/her imagination to perceive it in its purest form. Credit is given to both LAr. Charles Teo and Mohd Amin Hadarih for their excellent art works used in this book.
Preface
This picturesque book is a product following the 2nd Scientific Expedition carried out in Temengor and within the Sg. Enam Basin. The aim of this book is to give a picture journey of the flora, fauna and the Orang Asli living and using this basin. A few snap shots of the expedition team and their activities are also depicted in the book. In general the book avoids voluminous write-up and only focuses on nice pictures taken during the expedition and some follow up photo sessions. The book is divided into four parts. The first gives highlight to the expedition and a map of the venue of the expedition; the second part features the Orang Asli and their routines; the third part focuses on the flora while the fourth part looks at the fauna. All new records of species found have a tag to their respective photos to show their status. Where possible both local and scientific names of the species have been given to help newcomers to know the names of the species found within this forest. This book we hope will also be helpful to students who go into this forest during the Green Ranger Malaysia camps to identify the specimens they collect during their explorations.
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Last but not the least, this book could not have been produced without the financial support provided by our Hon. Prime Minister, YAB Dato Seri Mohd Najib Tun Haji Abdul Razak. We thank him for this kind gesture that will help promote the Belum Temengor as a premier Eco-Tourism Destination. DR. DANIEL BASKARAN ZAINON KASIM Editors
EAST-WEST HIGHWAY PULAU BANDING
SUNGAI ENAM BASIN EXPEDITION ZONE
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Photo courtesy of Pulau Banding Foundation
Acknowledgement PULAU BANDING FOUNDATION on behalf of its Patron, Advisor and Chairman extend their thanks to the following for their support to ensure the success of the publication of this book. • The Prime Minister of Malaysia for his generous financial support through his good office for organising the Expedition, the Symposium and the publication of this book. • The Following Agencies who provided the excellent photographs taken during the 2nd Temengor Expedition and for technical support during the Expedition and in Paper Presentation at the Symposium: 88 GLIMPSES GLIMPSES
a. Forestry Department Peninsular Malaysia (JPSM) b. Perak State Forestry Department c. Department of Wildlife and National Parks (DWNP) Peninsular Malaysia d. Department of Wildlife and National Parks, Perak e. Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM) f. Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM) g. Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) h. Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM) i. Universiti Malaya (UM) j. Sunway University k. Folia Malaysiana Sdn. Bhd. l. World Wildlife Fund (WWF) m. Malaysian Nature Society (MNS) n. Yayasan EMKAY o. Rainwalker Ecosystems Sdn. Bhd. p. The Royal Botanic Gardens, Edinburgh
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dedicated to the inhabitants of
Temengor Forest Reserve 11 GLIMPSES GLIMPSES
Photo courtesy of Kamal S.
GLIMPSES - The Inhabitants of Temengor Forest Reserve Editors: Dr. Daniel Baskaran, Pn. Zainon Kasim ISBN: 978-967-12081-1-3 1. Forest reserves-Perak-Temengor. 2. Forest management-PerakTemengor. I. Baskaran,Daniel, 1950-. II. Zainon Kasim, 1964-. 634.9209595114 All rights reserved. No part off this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or any means, electronic or mechanical including photocopy, recording or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the Publisher. Date of Publication 1 December 2013 Editorial Board • Prof. Emeritus Dato’ Dr. Abdul Latiff Mohamad (Chairman) • Dr. Daniel Baskaran Krishnapillay • Zainon Kasim • Zulfadhlan Ahmad Khushairi • Ahmad Ridzuan Yeop Aznan • Eza Feizaty Nor Rezan 12 • Mohd Syaiful Mohammad • Nurul Irdayu Ismail GLIMPSES • Alizah Sadali • Ahmad Najmi Nik Hassan • Hamiazrim Baharim Design & Complilation Design218 Illustrations Mohd Amin Hadarih Colour Separation & Printing Atlas Cetak (M) Sdn. Bhd. Editors Dr. Daniel Baskaran| Pn. Zainon Kasim
Published by Pulau Banding Foundation Unit 3A-3, Level 4, Perdana The Place, Jalan PJU 8/5G, Bandar Damansara Perdana, 47830 Petaling Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan. TEL: (603) 7710 7066 FAX: (603) 7710 5066
Supported by The Prime Minister’s Department
All enquiries should be forwarded to: Pulau Banding Foundation: E-mail: info@pbf.org.my www.pbf.org.my
Prickly Sedges in Bloom Cyperus javanicus Nurolhuda Nasir
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Explore Temengor 06 Preface 08 Acknowledgement
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16
Message from the Prime Minister Dato’ Sri Mohd Najib bin Tuan Haji Abdul Razak
17
Message from the Patron Tun Abdullah bin Hj Ahmad Badawi
18
Message from the Advisor Tan Sri Datuk (Dr) Hj Mustapha Kamal bin Hj Abu Bakar
19
Message from the Chairman Prof. Emeritus Dato’ Dr. Abdul Latiff bin Mohamad
21 Introduction
24
Recce & Expedition
116
Fauna of Sungai Enam
33
Orang Asli
40
Flora of Sungai Enam
43 Flowering Plants 63 Orchids 73 Gingers 81 Lianas 91 Ferns 99 Mosses 105 Fungi
119 Large Mammals 123 Small Mammals 129 Bats 135 Birds 147 Hornbills 163 Reptiles 185 Amphibians 199 Fishes 205 Termites 211 Butterflies and Moths 221 Insects and Related Species 235 Aquatic Insects
240
Summary & Conclusion
242 Contributors 245 Appreciation
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Harlequin Tree Frog
Rhacophorus pardalis Lim Boo Liat
Message From the Prime Minister I take great pleasure in penning a few words to this book, “Glimpses – The Inhabitants of Temengor Forest Reserve”. I wish to congratulate Pulau Banding Foundation for coming out with this timely publication. This book I have been told is the outcome of the 2nd Scientific Expedition into Temengor Forest Reserve to document the Flora and Fauna found therein. About 60 scientists along with their assistants, a total number of about 127 participants, from the various Universities, Research Institution and Non-Governmental Bodies took part in the Expedition. Subsequent to the expedition I have been told that a Symposium too was held to discuss the findings. I have also been told that there was overwhelming response to the symposium and a total of 130 participants from the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, officials from the Perak State Government, scientists and other interested parties attended the Symposium. The findings have also been documented into a book of proceedings. This book ‘Glimpses –The Inhabitants of Temengor Forest Reserve’ now gives a picturesque journey of the findings seen within the Temengor Forest Reserve for creating awareness of the natural heritage our forest holds. I am glad this book has come to print because we are now at the cross-roads where issues like Climate Change and Protection of our Natural Heritage are issues that have become global concerns. 16 GLIMPSES
Malaysia has been one of the pioneers in efforts associated with global issues on environment and development, having actively participated in negotiations leading to the Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro in June, 1992. On the road towards vision 2020, Malaysia will continue to be committed to the agreements on the environment that we are party to in the global arena. While it is directed towards achieving the targets of vision 2020, Malaysia will ensure that its commitments to these targets are tempered with considerations for the environment. There is a need to strike a balance between development and environment as development that does not take into account environmental considerations will, in the end, be self-defeating. To further show Malaysia’s commitment to protecting the environment, in my speech at the United Nations Climate Change Conference at Copenhagen, Denmark in December of 2009, I put forward the proposal that Malaysia will reduce its CO2 emissions to 40% by year 2020 compared to the 2005 levels, conditional upon receiving transfer of technology and adequate finance from the developed world. We want to propel the country towards a low carbon economy and to ensure we meet our pledge to reduce the carbon intensity of national production by the promised 40% from the 2005 level. For this, the remaining forests in Malaysia will play a significant role. We need to strife hard to preserve these remaining national treasures from being lost and instead use them to generate wealth for the country through eco-tourism activities. I hope this book will help to strengthen environmental educational programmes geared to the development of a more knowledgeable and caring Malaysian society
DATO’ SRI MOHD NAJIB BIN TUN HAJI ABDUL RAZAK Prime Minister of Malaysia
Message From the Patron My heartiest congratulations to the Pulau Banding Foundation in coming out with the publication of this book, “Glimpses - The Inhabitants of Temengor Forest Reserve�. This book, documenting the local indigenous people together with the flora and fauna found in Temengor Forest Reserve, is a result of the expedition carried out in October of 2012. Malaysia is a party to the Convention on Biological Diversity and has committed to the protection of its environment and natural heritage, and to ensure they are sustainably managed. It is therefore important that we take stock of the biodiversity our forest holds. In this respect Belum-Temengor is an important Forest Reserve that needs our microscopic scrutiny to discover and to recognize the diversity of flora and fauna it holds. This forest reserve, which is about 300,000 hectares, is still mostly pristine and has evolved over a period of 130,000 million years. For that reason, documenting all the resources and their diversity in this forest is vital for our decision making process on conservation, restoration, utilization and also into promoting eco-tourism. The Pulau Banding Foundation, which is within the vicinity of the Belum-Temengor Forest, has an important role to play in creating awareness on the importance of nature and the environment. It is my sincere hope that this book will provide a gateway to get the attention of the public to be aware of the beauty of nature and will also help to strengthen educational programmes that will provide awareness and knowledge thus, increasing the concern for conservation among our Malaysian society. I hope you will enjoy the beauty of life as depicted by the pictures within and will gain a new awareness to love and save this forest for our future generations.
TUN ABDULLAH HAJI AHMAD BADAWI Patron Pulau Banding Foundation
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Message From the Advisor I am naturally delighted to be able to share my thoughts and feelings about this book “Glimpses - The Inhabitants of Temengor Forest Reserve�. I am delighted not just because of the charm and grace of its presentation but more importantly because of its accurate portrayal of the diverse Flora and Fauna in this forest that has come to mean so much to me personally.
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Belum-Temengor Forest Reserve is a jewel in the crown of the Perak State and the opportunities it offers for learning and also for eco-tourism activities are endless. We have an obligation to protect and nurture this heritage for ourselves and also our children for the most practical and economic reasons. It is nature that has provided us the resources for our prosperity and it will be nature that will continue to provide such resources if they are treated wisely. This expedition that was conducted in late 2012 has been the source from which this book has been prepared. New records of species not reported earlier in Belum-Temengor have been seen during this expedition. I only hope that more intense studies will be carried out in the other parts of the forest to discover what nature has in store that we will stumble upon. While we sustainably manage these resources, it is my humble plea that more scientists will look at some of the hidden potent and active compounds that have industrial applications that can increase the wealth of the nation without much damage to the forest. This book would also be useful to the members of the Green Ranger Malaysia as a source of information. This book provides a delightful and non-technical understanding of the flora and fauna which, at the same time, does not sacrifice accuracy or pertinence on an alter of generalizations. I am proud to be associated with this book which I believe will be a real pleasure to all those who read it. Last but not the least, I would like to extend my sincere thanks to our Right Honorable Prime Minister Dato’ Sri Mohd Najib bin Tun Hj Abdul Razak for his trust and in the provision of funds to the Pulau Banding Foundation to undertake this venture.
TAN SRI DATUK (DR) HJ MUSTAPHA KAMAL HJ ABU BAKAR Advisor Pulau Banding Foundation
Message From the Chairman Having to confront on a daily basis issues that are weighty and serious, and to review voluminous technical reports that are generally dry, it is to me a real pleasure to be able to pen a few words on a subject close to my heart that is light, user friendly and delightful to read. Malaysia has recognized that development and the environment go hand in hand in a sustainable manner. All the states in Malaysia have a mandate to ensure that development of the forest resources is carried out sustainably to ensure that our future generations will be able to utilise what we have done currently. Being a party to the Convention on Biological Diversity, it is important specifically, to recognise the richness of the natural wealth in Perak. The forests we have there are still only partly understood. We all must support any efforts taken which can help to give a better insight of this part of our important biological heritage. The expedition conducted in Temengor Forest Reserve is a fifth in the series carried out in Belum-Temengor Forest Complex. It is the 2nd into the Temengor Forest Reserve and the first into Sungai Enam. The findings from the expedition have been very interesting as a number of new records of both the flora and fauna have been documented in this forest which was not reported before. It is my desire to see that more such studies are carried out within the Royal Belum State Park forest where there are many new areas that have not been explored yet. I believe there could be many more surprises in store for us from these areas. This book “Glimpses - The Inhabitants of Temengor Forest Reserve” is written in a non-scientific way, without too many scientific jargons and nomenclature, to cater for the needs of the layman and the public at large. I hope this book will capture the interest of all Malaysians, especially the school children and will create an awareness of the secrets our forest holds and the urgent need to protect this biological heritage for the future generations. At this juncture, I would also like to thank our Hon. Prime Minister Dato’ Sri Mohd Najib bin Tun Hj. Abdul Razak for graciously providing the funds to undertake this venture and to come out with this book.
PROF. EMERITUS DATO’ DR. ABDUL LATIFF BIN MOHAMAD Chairman Pulau Banding Foundation
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Temengor Forest Reserve It covers an area of 148,870 hectares and was gazetted in 1991 as
a production forest. The Temengor dam located at Kuala Temengor within the Temengor Forest Reserve was completed in 1978.
It is 127m high and holds back a lake with a size of 152 km2 and
which is estimated to contain about 6,050 million m3 of water.
The area covered by this forest reserve has major conservation
significance nationally and internationally. It supports a substantial
population of the iconic big mammals like the elephants and tigers,
several rare and little known mammals such as the Himalayan water shrew and some species of bats found only in these forests. A wide
variety of bird species, reptiles, amphibians and insects are also seen here. Similarly, the plant diversity in this forest which includes ferns,
gingers, orchids, herbs and other flowering species are high. One of
the other spectacular sights in this forest is the 10 species of hornbills that visits the forest during the fruiting season. The river tributaries
leading into the lake and the lake itself are also store houses for about 42 species of fishes and about 7 species of turtles. By and large the
Temengor Forest Reserve is nature’s treasure trove for the flora and fauna of a tropical forest.
Let’s explore...
21 21 GLIMPSES GLIMPSES
22 GLIMPSES
Sungai Enam at its purest 23 GLIMPSES
Photo courtesy of Evan S.H. Quah
Rearing To Go! The 2nd Scientific Expedition into Sg. Enam within the Temengor Forest Reserve was carried out from the 1st -10th October, 2012. Prior to the Expedition, a recce was done from the 1st – 5th July, 2012 with the following objectives: • to create appropriate trails for the expedition, • to ensure adequate telecommunication contacts over the entire exploration area, • to gauge the needed safety measures to be put in place 24 24 GLIMPSES GLIMPSES
• to ensure that there were no unforeseen danger during the expedition proper. The expedition was carried out successfully with a total of 60 scientists and their assistants. The total number of participants was 127 in total. Over the 10 days period the entire 1500 hectares of the Sg. Enam Basin was covered by the scientists.
expedition group
set the navigation Photo courtesy of Pulau Banding Foundation
Cruising on the Temengor Lake
taking the plunge
25 25
the journey
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briefing session
journey of discoveries
observing & analysing
camera trap
giant tree
setting up a camera trap
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observing plant specimens
Photo courtesy of Pulau Banding Foundation
sungai enam recce team
27
measure up
recording the findings
collecting specimens
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riverine turtle
so genteel !
snap! snap!
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fish sample collection Photo courtesy of Pulau Banding Foundation
miniature dragon
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sampling rodents
cute birdie
observing the sample
grouping the catch
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sungai enam base camp
Photo courtesy of Pulau Banding Foundation
beautiful specimen of temengor
the moth of temengor
recording ens the specim
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termites analysis
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Orang Asli of Temengor
Pulau Banding Foundation
Orang Asli Our Native Inhabitants
There are two main Orang Asli groups living within the Temengor Forest Reserve. They are the Jahai and Temiar. While the Jahais are semi-nomadic,
the Temiars are mostly an agricultural community. Based on the last census in 2011, within the
Temengor Forest Reserve, there are 18 villages
with 457 families and with a population of 2346 individuals. They use the Temengor Forest
Reserve to meet their daily needs for food and trade.
33 GLIMPSES
34 GLIMPSES
Photo courtesy of Kamal S.
commuting
the village
Native Inhabitants of Temengor the dream team
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daily chores
leisure 36 GLIMPSES
wisdom
household life
clean gushing stream
living in the forest
pensive & eager
Native Inhabitants of Temengor
37 GLIMPSES
future leaders
life at home education going home
washing up Photo courtesy of Pulau Banding Foundation, EMKAY Foundation & Kamal S.
local handicraft
the elderly 38 GLIMPSES
blow pipe in the making
craft making
Native Inhabitants of Temengor
39 GLIMPSES
celebrating spring
picturesque village (Kg Semelor) Photo courtesy of EMKAY Foundation & Kamal S.
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Photo courtesy of Pulau Banding Foundation
Flora of Sungai Enam Floral Splendours of Nature
Nature’s floral splendour of Sungai Enam Basin fills and covers the entire Temengor Forest
Reserve. They come in the form of trees, shrubs, ornamentals, palms, gingers, lianas, mosses and fungi.
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42 GLIMPSES
Bunga Bangkai Amorphophallus sp. Ummul Nazrah
Flowering Plants Nature’s Bloom
The flowering plants are also called angiosperms. They
are the most diverse group of land plants. Angiosperms are seed producing plants and their characteristics
include flower, endosperm within the seeds and the
production of fruits. It is estimated that there are about 12,000 species of flowering plants in this forest.
43 GLIMPSES
New Record Endermic to Perak
Begonia
Begonia variabilis Siti Munirah
44 GLIMPSES
Amischotolype Amischotolype gracilis Siti Munirah
45
Corrida Yerba de Guava Geophila repens Ummul Nazrah
Begonia
Begonia integrifolia Peter Wilkie
Begonia
Begonia wrayi Peter Wilkie
GLIMPSES
Balanophora
Balanophora papuana Siti Munirah
Saurauia
Saurauia pentapetala Ummul Nazrah
46 GLIMPSES
Balanophora
Balanophora abbreviata Siti Munirah
Polyalthia
Polyalthia cauliflora var cauliflora Ummul Nazrah
New Record Endermic to Perak
47 GLIMPSES
Scaphochlamys
Scaphochlamys kunstleri var. speciosa Siti Munirah
Boesenbergia Boesenbergia sp. CK Lim
48 GLIMPSES
Clerodendrum
Clerodendrum deflexum Siti Munirah
Thunbergia Thunbergia sp. Siti Munirah
Pseuderanthemum
Pseuderanthemum graciliflorum Siti Munirah
Pepper Piper kurzii Siti Munirah
49 GLIMPSES
Barringtonia
Vitex
Siti Munirah
Siti Munirah
Barringtonia macrostachya
Vitex vestita
Elatostema Elatostema sp. Siti Munirah
Lasianthus
Lasianthus montanus Siti Munirah
50 GLIMPSES
Ardisia
Plagiostachys
Siti Munirah
CK Lim
Ardisia sp. (left)
Ixora
Ixora sp. (below) Siti Munirah
Plagiostachys odorata (above)
Piptospatha
Piptospatha perakensis Siti Munirah 51
Oxyspora
Oxyspora bullata Siti Munirah
Arisaema
Arisaema laminatum Siti Munirah
GLIMPSES
Epithema
Epithema saxatile Ummul Nazrah
Epithema
Epithema saxatile Ummul Nazrah
Biophytum (Flower)
Biophytum adiantoides Siti Munirah
Custard Apples
52
Orophea cuneiformis
GLIMPSES
Ummul Nazrah
Jambu Cicit
Jambu Cicit
Thottea
Ummul Nazrah
Siti Munirah
Siti Munirah
Polyalthia stenopetala
Polyalthia macrophylla
Thottea tomentosa
53 53 GLIMPSES GLIMPSES
Tapak Rimau Trevisia burckii Siti Munirah
Homalomena
Wild Cherry
Ummul Nazrah
Ummul Nazrah
Elephant Ear Giant
Homalomena
Homalomena pontederiifolia
Antidesma sp.
54 GLIMPSES
Colocasia gigantea Saw Leng Guan
Homalomena pontederiifolia Ummul Nazrah
Melinjo
Glory Bower
Siti Munirah
Ummul Nazrah
Gnetum sp
Clerodendrum breviflorum 55
Water-willow
Mycetia
Siti Munirah
Siti Munirah
Justicia ptychostoma
Mycetia malayana
GLIMPSES
56 GLIMPSES
Pollia Pollia sp
Saw Leng Guan
Biophytum
Biophytum adiantoides Saw Leng Guan
Cyrtandra
Cyrtandra cupulata Peter Wilkie
Stauranthera
Stauranthera grandiflora Siti Munirah
57 GLIMPSES
Limau Kadangsa Citrus halimii Imin Kamin
New Record Rare species currently found in Temengor
Areca
Areca tunku CK Lim
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Hooker Fishtail Palm Arenga hookeriana Charles Teo
Caryota
Caryota hookeriana Siti Munirah
Iguanura
Iguanura polymorpha CK Lim
Calamus
Calamus castaneus Siti Munirah
New Record Potentially a new species
Palas
Licuala sp. Ummul Nazrah
59 GLIMPSES
Iguanura
Iguanura belumensis CK Lim
60 GLIMPSES
Cycad
Cycas clivicola Saw Leng Guan
Pinang Hutan
Pinanga malaiana Ummul Nazrah
Cycad
Cycas clivicola Siti Munirah
61 GLIMPSES
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The Java Plocoglottis Plocoglottis javanica Rusea Go
Orchids Pandas of the Plant Kingdom
The Orchidaceae in Peninsular Malaysia numbers
close to about 905 species in 143 genera and about 20% of this number is found nowhere else in the
world, hence, is touted as the Pandas or Jewels of the Tropical wet forest of Peninsular Malaysia. At
Sungai Enam, 42 species comprising of 26 genera of orchids were recorded. Of these records, 27
species comprise of ephiphytes, growing on tree
tops (aerial) and 15 species that are growing on the ground (terrestrial). 63 63 GLIMPSES GLIMPSES
64 GLIMPSES
White Cinnamon Orchid Corymborkis veratrifolia Rusea Go
The Blistered Adenoncos
65
Adenoncos vesiculosa Rusea Go
GLIMPSES
Habenaria
Habenaria reflexa Rusea Go
New Record New record for Peninsular Malaysia
The Pointed Dendrobium
The Serrated Leaf Liparis
The Lanceolate Hylophila
Rusea Go
Rusea Go
Rusea Go
Dendrobium acerosum
Liparis lacerata
Hylophila lanceolata
66 GLIMPSES
The Two-Colored Cymbidium Cymbidium bicolor Rusea Go
The Giant Plocoglottis
Williamson’s Cleisostom
The White Vrydagzynea
The Lanceolate Hylophila
Rusea Go
Rusea Go
Rusea Go
Rusea Go
Plocoglottis plicata
Cleisostoma williamsonii
Vrydagzynea albida
Hylophila lanceolata
67 GLIMPSES
Medusa’s Bulbophyllum Bulbophyllum medusae Rusea Go
Jewel Orchid Ludisia discolor Rusea Go
68 GLIMPSES
New Record New record to Perak State
Biermannia
Biermannia laciniata Rusea Go
Clumping Liparis Liparis cespitosa Rusea Go
69 GLIMPSES
The Bearded Liparis Liparis barbata Rusea Go
The Bare Apostasia Apostasia nuda Rusea Go
70 GLIMPSES
The Truncate Dendrobium Dendrobium truncatum Rusea Go
71 GLIMPSES
The Blistered Adenoncos
Adenoncos vesiculosa Rusea Go
Liparis
Liparis lacerata Rusea Go
72 GLIMPSES
Ginger
Etlingera venusta Siti Munirah
Gingers Cures from Nature
The wild gingers found in Temengor offer great
potential for the discovery of medicinal products,
flavourings, industrial chemicals and as ornamental plants. In Peninsular Malaysia, there are about 150
species and these species form an important com-
ponent of the ground flora in Temengor. In Temengor from an earlier expedition about 30 species were recorded. During the recent expedition, a
total of 20 of the 30 species supposedly found in
Temengor were recorded. Two un-described species were also recorded among the 20 species. 73 73 GLIMPSES GLIMPSES
Alpinia
Alpinia cf. javanica C.K. Lim
74 GLIMPSES
Orchid Ginger Alpinia mutica C.K. Lim
Alpinia
Ginger Lilies
C.K. Lim
C.K. Lim
Alpinia sp.
Alpinia latilabris
Malay Rose
Burmese Ruby
Hornstedtia
C.K. Lim
Ummul Nazrah
C.K. Lim
Etlingera maingayi
Zingiber sp.
Hornstedtia conica
75 GLIMPSES
Etlingera
Etlingera apus-hang (above) Etlingera coccinea (below) C.K. Lim
Etlingera
Etlingera triorgyalis (above) C.K. Lim
Golden Star
Etlingera littoralis (below) C.K. Lim
New Record New species
76 GLIMPSES
Ginger
Zingiber sp. A C.K. Lim
Singapore Gold
Etlingera
C.K. Lim
C.K. Lim
Zingiber spectabile
Etlingera rubrostriata
Ginger
77
Etlingera littoralis
GLIMPSES
Siti Munirah
New Record New species
Ginger
Zingiber raja C.K. Lim
Ginger
Costus
C.K. Lim
Ummul Nazrah
Zingiber sp. B
Cheilocostus globusus
Scaphochlamys Scaphochlamys kunstleri C.K. Lim
New Record New variety
78 GLIMPSES
“Stink-bug” Ginger Elettariopsis slahmong (above) C.K. Lim
Geostachys
Geostachys belumensis (left) C.K. Lim
79 GLIMPSES
Etlingera
Etlingera
Etlingera
C.K. Lim
C.K. Lim
C.K. Lim
Etlingera fulgens
Etlingera venusta
Etlingera terengganuensis
Alpinia
Tepus Gajah
C.K. Lim
C.K. Lim
Alpinia mythiana
Etlingera triorgyalis
80 GLIMPSES
Lianas in the Forest Rahmad Zakaria
Lianas Tarzan’s Vines
Lianas are a group of woody climbers that are rooted in the soil and climbs or twines around other plants/
trees for support. They are a conspicuous component of tropical forest ecosystems. Lianas come from
several different plant families. They are flattened or twisted and often different species become tangled together to form a hanging network of vegetation. They can grow up to 60 cm in diameter and about 100 m in length. Lianas are seen associated with
about 38% of trees in the forest and they contribute about 35% of the above ground biomass in a forest.
81 81 GLIMPSES GLIMPSES
82 GLIMPSES
Diplecteria
Diplecteria divaricata Rahmad Zakaria
Akar Saga Molek Argyreia rubicunda Rahmad Zakaria
New Record For Temengor
American Beautyberry
Callicarpa americana Rahmad Zakaria
Cayratia
Dissochaeta
Rahmad Zakaria
Rahmad Zakaria
Cayratia mollissima
Dissochaeta annulata
83 GLIMPSES
New Record New species
Ventilago Ventilago sp.
Rahmad Zakaria
84 GLIMPSES
Jasmine
Catbriers
Spatholobus
Rahmad Zakaria
Rahmad Zakaria
Rahmad Zakaria
Tetrastigma
Willughbeia
Ziziphus
Rahmad Zakaria
Rahmad Zakaria
Rahmad Zakaria
Jasminum cordatum
Tetrastigma pedunculare
Smilax barbata
Willughbeia angustifolia
Spatholobus macropterus
Ziziphus kunstleri
85 GLIMPSES
Hodgsonia
Hodgsonia macrophylla Rahmad Zakaria
1
2
Callicarpa Callicarpa sp.
86
Rahmad Zakaria
GLIMPSES
3
4 1. 2. 3. 4.
Uncaria Uncaria sp.
Rahmad Zakaria
Artabotrys gracilis Smilax luzonensis Mussaenda mutabilis Desmos dumosus
Rahmad Zakaria
87 GLIMPSES
Tetrastigma
Tetrastigma leucostaphylum Rahmad Zakaria
88 GLIMPSES
Tetracera
Tetracera macrophylla Rahmad Zakaria
89 GLIMPSES
Tetracera Tetracera akara Rahmad Zakaria
90 GLIMPSES
Peacock Fern
Selaginella willdenowii Saw Leng Guan
Ferns Shade Lovers
Ferns are nonflowering vascular plants having roots, stem and fronds. They reproduce by
spores instead of seeds. They are known as
Pteridophytes and it is estimated that there are about 1136 fern species in Malaysia. Many of
these species are used in traditional medicine
for general health care. Additionally, many fern species have also been found to have good anti-oxidant properties. 91 GLIMPSES
92 GLIMPSES
Tranquil Environment Saw Leng Guan
Selaginella
Selaginella cf plana Saw Leng Guan 93
Selaginella
Selaginella mayeri Saw Leng Guan
GLIMPSES
Selaginella
Selaginella delicatula Imin Kamin
94 GLIMPSES
Selaginella
Selaginella padangensis Imin Kamin
Fishtail Sword Fern Nephrolepis falcata Imin Kamin
95 GLIMPSES
Silverback Fern
Pityrogramma calomelanos Imin Kamin
Adiantum
Adiantum latifolium Imin Kamin
96 GLIMPSES
Lineleaf Fern
Antrophyum callifolium Imin Kamin
97 GLIMPSES
Spleenwort
Asplenium longissimum Imin Kamin
98 GLIMPSES
Christmas Moss Vesicularia montagnei Pulau Banding Foundation
Mosses Velvet Mats
Mosses are soft plants that are typically 1–10
cm tall, They commonly grow close together in clumps or mats in damp or shady locations on
the forest floors and on rocks. They do not have
flowers or seeds and their simple leaves cover the thin wiry stems. A total of 561 species of mosses
has been recorded for Peninsular Malaya. During
the expedition a total of 62 species were recorded in Temengor Forest Reserve. 99 99 GLIMPSES GLIMPSES
Boulder Moss Tourtula sp.
Mohd Damanhuri
100 GLIMPSES
Moss
Moss
Mohd Damanhuri
Mohd Damanhuri
Calymperes moluccensis
Calymperes lonchophyllum subsp. lonchophyllum
101 GLIMPSES
Moss
Mitthyridium fasciculatum Mohd Damanhuri
Moss
Mitthyridium undulatum Mohd Damanhuri
Moss
Arthrocormus schimperi Mohd Damanhuri
102
Moss
GLIMPSES
Pinnatella mucronata Mohd Damanhuri
Moss
Moss
Mohd Damanhuri
Mohd Damanhuri
Leucophanes octoblepharioides
Chaetomium ornithorhynchum
103
Moss
Leucobryum aduncum Mohd Damanhuri
Moss
Fissidens crispulus var. crispulus Mohd Damanhuri
GLIMPSES
104 104 GLIMPSES GLIMPSES
Bracket Fungi Pycnoporus sp.
Pulau Banding Foundation
Fungi Decomposers
Fungi are eukaryotic organisms distinct from plants and animals. Fungi are particularly
important in both their ecosystem and in our lives. In their natural habitat, they are one
of the major contributors of decomposition. While some fungi are edible, many are
poisonous. Fungi are also important to the
medical industry for production of penicillin.
During the expedition a total of 77 specimens of macro-fungi belonging to 25 families were recorded.
105 105 GLIMPSES GLIMPSES
106 GLIMPSES
Fly Agaric Amanita sp Thi Bee Kin
107 GLIMPSES
Gloiocephala Gloiocephala Tan Yee Shin
Marasmius
Marasmius angustilamentus Tan Yee Shin
Formitella
Formitella rhodophea Tan Yee Shin
108 GLIMPSES
Bracket Fungi Ganoderma australe
Trogia Trogia sp.
Pulau Banding Foundation
Thi Bee Kin
109 109 GLIMPSES GLIMPSES
Red Cup Fungus Cookeina tricholoma Thi Bee Kin
Nigroporus
Abundisporus
Thi Bee Kin
Tan Yee Shin
Nigroporus vinosus
Abundisporus fuscopurpureus
110 GLIMPSES 110 GLIMPSES
Fairy Inkcap
Coprinellus disseminatus Thi Bee Kin
Agaricus
Sweetbread Mushroom
Fairies Bonnets
Thi Bee Kin
Thi Bee Kin
Thi Bee Kin
Cup Fungus
Pored Ghost Mycena
Russula
Thi Bee Kin
Thi Bee Kin
Thi Bee Kin
Agaricus sp.
Cookeina sulcipes
Clitopilus sp.
Filoboletus manipularis
Amauroderma rugosum
Russula sp.
111 GLIMPSES 111 GLIMPSES
Polyporus
Rigidoporus
Micropsalliota
Thi Bee Kin
Thi Bee Kin
Thi Bee Kin
Bracket Fungus
Yellow-footed Tinypore
Shelf Fungus
Thi Bee Kin
Thi Bee Kin
Thi Bee Kin
Polyporus tenuiculus
Polyporus grammocephalus
Rigidoporus microporus
Microporus xanthopus
Micropsalliota sp.
Stereum ostrea
Basket Stinkhorn
112
Dictyophora sp. Tan Yee Shin
GLIMPSES
112 GLIMPSES
Earth Star
Stereopsis
Marasmioid Fungi
Tan Yee Shin
Tan Yee Shin
Tan Yee Shin
Geastrum sp.
Stereopsis hiscens
Marasmius sp.
New Record For Peninsular Malaysia
Fairy Ring Mushroom Marasmius pellucidus Tan Yee Shin 113 GLIMPSES
New Record For Peninsular Malaysia
Leucophellinus Leucophellinus hobsonii Tan Yee Shin
114 GLIMPSES
Micropsalliota Micropsalliota elegans Chandra A.
115 GLIMPSES
Bracket Fungus Polyporus sp.
Pulau Banding Foundation
Fauna of Sungai Enam They Come in Both Great and Small
The wildlife in Temengor is some of the most diverse on earth.
There are approximately 300 bird species including the hornbills, more than 100 species of mammals including 14 of the world’s most threatened mammals like the Malaysian tiger, Asiatic
elephant, white handed gibbon, Malaysian sun bear, tapir, wild
buffalo (seladang) and a number of species of deer. In terms of
reptiles and amphibians there are more than 150 species found 116 GLIMPSES
in this forest. The number of fish species is close to 32 while the
other invertebrate fauna like insect, molluscans and crustaceans are numerous and still new ones are being found .
117 GLIMPSES
Planthopper
Centromeria viridistigma Pulau Banding Foundation
118 GLIMPSES
Malayan Tapir Tapirus indicus Charles Teo
Large Mammals The Threatened Big 14
The Temengor forest is home to 14 of the world’s most threatened mammals that include the Malaysian Tiger, the Asiatic
Elephants, Sumatran Rhinoceros, White
Handed Gibbon, Siamang, Malaysian Sun Bear, Tapir, Seladang, Deer and some of the other members of the feline family like the Clouded Leopard, Golden Cat
and Marbled Cat. During the expedition,
the presence of at least 10 of these large mammals were detected either by their
vocal call, appearance on camera traps, by their sightings or by their foot prints. The presence of the Rhinoceros has not been
detected for a number of years now in this forests complex because of the elusive
nature of this animal and the very small population existing within the area.
119 GLIMPSES
Asiatic Elephant Elephas maximus Christopher Wong
120 GLIMPSES
Serow
Sambar Deer
Gaur
Lim Boo Liat
Dionysius Sharma
Lau Ching Fong
Capricornis sumatraensis
Rusa unicolour
Bos frontalis
Sumatran Rhinoceros Dicerorhinus sumatrensis Lim Boo Liat
Malayan Sun Bear Helarctos malayanus Charles Teo
121 GLIMPSES
Dhole
Marbled Cat
Malayan Tiger
Shariff Mohamad
Shariff Mohamad
Elangkumaran Sagtia Siwa
Spotted Deer
Leopard Cat
Sambar Deer
Mark Rayan
Lau Ching Fong
Christopher Wong
Cuon alpinus
Cervus axis
Pardofelis marmorata
Prionailurus bengalensis
Panthera tigris jacksoni
Rusa unicolor
122 GLIMPSES
White-handed Gibbon Hylobates lar
Dionysius Sharma
Small Mammals Small Warm Blooded Creatures
This comprises largely of squirrels, civets, rats, shrews,
porcupines and pangolins. These small mammals inhibit the forest and play their own role in a significant way. A total 58 species comprising of 29 families of small mammals were recorded during the expedition.
123 GLIMPSES
Palm Civet
Paradoxurus hemaphroditus Lim Boo Liat
Lesser Mouse-deer
Small Indian Civet
Lim Boo Liat
Lim Boo Liat
Tragalus javanicus
Viverricula indica
124 GLIMPSES
Red Checkered Flying Squirrel Hylopetes spadiceus Lim Boo Liat
Slow Loris
Nycticebus coucang Lim Boo Liat
Malayan Pangolin Manis javanica
Banded Linsang
Dionysius Sharma
Prionodon linsang Lim Boo Liat
Red Giant Flying Squirrel
Whitehead’s Spiny Rat Maxomys whiteheadi Lim Boo Liat
Petaurista petaurista Lim Boo Liat
125 GLIMPSES
Bamboo Rat
Moonrat
Muller’s Rat
Shahfiz
Shahfiz
Shahfiz
Rhyzomis sumatrensis
Echinosorex gymnurus
Sundamys muelleri
Brown Spiny Rat Maxomys rajah Shahfiz
126 GLIMPSES
Smooth-coated Otter Lutrogale perspicillata Yeap Chin Aik
127 GLIMPSES
128 GLIMPSES
Lesser Dog-faced Fruit Bat Cynopterus brachyotis Lim Boo Liat
Bats The Blind Flyers
Bats are very dependent on forests for their survival.
They fly around the forest with their well-developed radar sensors during the nights as it hunts for insects and fruits. They are an important member in the forest ecosystem where they help in pollination and in dispersal of small
seeds. During the expedition, a total of 25 species of bats were recorded in Temengor indicating that this forest is an important home for bat species.
129 129 GLIMPSES GLIMPSES
130 GLIMPSES
Groove-toothed Batďżź Phoniscus atrox
Christine Fletcher
131
Geoffroy’s Rousette
GLIMPSES
Rousettus amplexicaudatus Shahfiz
Short-nosed Fruit Bat Cynopterus sphinx Shahfiz
Papillose Wooly Bat Kerivoula papillosa Shahfiz
Clear-winged Woolly Bat Kerivoula pellucida Christine Fletcher
132 GLIMPSES
Blyths Horseshoe Bat
Lesser Brown Horseshoe Bat
Christine Fletcher
Christine Fletcher
Rhinolophus lepidus
Rhinolophus stheno
Trefoil Horseshoe Bat Rhinolophus trifoliatus Christine Fletcher
133 GLIMPSES
Papillose Wooly Bat with her newly born babyďżź Kerivoula papillosa
Christine Fletcher
134 GLIMPSES
Spectacled Bulbul Pycnonotus erythropthalmos Jabatan Perhilitan Perak
Birds The Colourful Birds
Apart from the Hornbills, the forest in Temengor houses close to 247 species of birds that inhibit this ecosystem.
During the expedition a total of 44 species in 29 families
were recorded. Temengor is a paradise for bird watchers.
135 135 GLIMPSES GLIMPSES
Yellow-breasted Flowerpecker Prionochilus maculatus Jabatan Perhilitan Perak
136 GLIMPSES
Rufous-collared Kingfisher Actenoides concretus Jabatan Perhilitan Perak
Large Hawk-Cuckoo Hierococcyx sparverioides Jabatan Perhilitan Perak
137 GLIMPSES
Rufous-winged Philentoma
Siberian Blue Robin
Jabatan Perhilitan Perak
Jabatan Perhilitan Perak
Philentoma pyrhopterum
Luscinia cyane
138 GLIMPSES
Asian Paradise Flycatcher
Greater Racket Tailed Drongo
Jabatan Perhilitan Perak
Jabatan Perhilitan Perak
Terpsiphone paradisi
Dicrurus paradiseus
Black-capped Babbler
Emerald Dove
Jabatan Perhilitan Perak
Jabatan Perhilitan Perak
Pellorneum capistratum
Chalcophaps indica
Buff-necked Woodpacker
Blue-banded Kingfisher
Jabatan Perhilitan Perak
Jabatan Perhilitan Perak
Meiglyptes tukki
Alcedo euryzona
Scarlet-rumped Trogon
Green Broadbill
Jabatan Perhilitan Perak
Jabatan Perhilitan Perak
Harpactes duvaucelii
Calyptomena viridis
139 GLIMPSES
Slaty-backed Forktail Enicurus schistaceus Jabatan Perhilitan Perak
140 GLIMPSES
Snowy-browed Flycatcher
Scaly-crowned Babbler
Shahfiz
Shahfiz
Ficedula hyperythra
Malacocinda cinereum
White-rumped Shama Copsychus malabaricus Jabatan Perhilitan Perak
141 GLIMPSES
Purple-naped Sunbird
Little Spiderhunter
Shahfiz
Shahfiz
Hypogramma hypogrammicum
Arachnothera longirostra
Blue-banded Kingfisher Alcedo euryzona Shahfiz
142 GLIMPSES
Black-backed Kingfisher Ceyx erithacus Shahfiz
Tiger Shrike Lanius tigrinus Shahfiz
143 GLIMPSES
Buffy Fish Owl Bubo ketupu Shahfiz
White-rumped Shama Copsychus malabaricus Shahfiz
144 GLIMPSES
Yellow Wagtail
Chestnut-naped Forktail
Shahfiz
Shahfiz
Motacilla flava
Enicurus ruficapillus
Scaly-breasted Bulbul Pycnonotus squamatus Shahfiz
145 GLIMPSES
Yellow-bellied Bulbul
Black-naped Monarch
Shahfiz
Shahfiz
Alophoixus phaeocephalus
Hypothymis azurea
146 GLIMPSES
Great Hornbill Buceros bicornis Charles Teo
Hornbills Ambassadors of Temengor
There are 10 species of Hornbills in Temengor. The Belum Temengor Forest Reserve can be called the Hornbill
capital of Malaysia. In all the other parts of Malaysia the maximum number of species found is only 8. The two
additional species not found anywhere in Malaysia except
in Temengor are the Great Hornbill and the Plain Pouched Hornbill.
147 147 GLIMPSES GLIMPSES
Bushy-crested Hornbill Anorrhinus galeritus Tee Lian Huat
148 GLIMPSES
Plain-pouched Hornbill in Flight Rhyticeros subruficollis Yeap Chin Aik
149 GLIMPSES
Plain-pouched Hornbill Rhyticeros subruficollis Tee Lian Huat
150 GLIMPSES
151 GLIMPSES
Oriental Pied Hornbill Anthracoceros albirostris Yeap Chin Aik
White-crowned Hornbill Berenicornis comatus Tee Lian Huat
152 GLIMPSES
Wreathed Hornbill Rhyticeros undulatus Tee Lian Huat
153 GLIMPSES
Oriental Pied Hornbill Anthracoceros albirostris Yeap Chin Aik
Helmeted Hornbill Rhinoplax vigil Tee Lian Huat 154 GLIMPSES
Helmeted Hornbill Rhinoplax vigil Yeap Chin Aik
155 GLIMPSES
156 GLIMPSES
Great Hornbill Buceros bicornis Yeap Chin Aik
157 GLIMPSES
Wrinkled Hornbill Aceros corrugatus Charles Teo
158 GLIMPSES
Rhinoceros Hornbill
Buceros rhinoceros Yeap Chin Aik
Rhinoceros Hornbill (infant) Buceros rhinoceros (left) Yeap Chin Aik
Black Hornbill
Anthracoceros malayanus (below) Pulau Banding Foundation
159 GLIMPSES
Black Hornbill (infant) Anthracoceros malayanus Tee Lian Huat
160 GLIMPSES
We Care for Our Hornbills
Yeap Chin Aik
161 GLIMPSES
162 GLIMPSES
Black Bearded Gliding Lizard Draco melanopogon Nurolhuda Nasir
Reptiles Cold Blooded Dwellers
These would include the Fresh water Turtles, Lizards/ Geckos and Snakes. During the expedition, a total of
14 species of lizards/geckos, 18 species of snakes and
1 freshwater turtle was recorded. Of these, 2 species of lizard/gecko and 4 species of snakes were new records for Temengor.
163 163 GLIMPSES GLIMPSES
164 164 GLIMPSES GLIMPSES
The Abbott’s Crested Lizard Gonocephalus abbotti Nurolhuda Nasir
Orange Ringed Anglehead Lizard Gonocephalus liogaster Lim Boo Liat 165 165 GLIMPSES GLIMPSES
Gaint Anglehead Lizard (Female) Gonocephalus grandis Lim Boo Liat
166 GLIMPSES
Black Bearded Gliding Lizard Draco melanopogon Nurolhuda Nasir
Giant Anglehead Lizard (Male) Gonocephalus grandis Nurolhuda Nasir 167 GLIMPSES
Bell’s Anglehead Dragon Gonocephalus bellii Lim Boo Liat
Smith’s Giant Gecko Gecko smithii Lim Boo Liat
168 GLIMPSES
Slender-toed Gecko Cyrtodactylus pulchellus Lim Boo Liat
169 GLIMPSES
Cat Gecko
Aeluroscalabotes felinus Lim Boo Liat
New Record Belum Temengor
Bintang Lowland Bent-toed Gecko
Cyrtodactylus bintangrendah Evan SH Quah 170 GLIMPSES
New Record Belum Temengor
Narathiwat Bent-toed Gecko
Cnemaspis cf. narathiwatensis Evan SH Quah
Thin Headed Bent-toed Gecko Cyrtodactylus consobrinus Nurolhuda Nasir 171 GLIMPSES
Marbled Bent-toed Gecko Cyrtodactylus quadrivirgatus Nurolhuda Nasir
172 GLIMPSES
Malayan Forest Softshell Turtle Dogania subplana Evan SH Quah
Malayan Forest Softshell Turtle Dogania subplana Nurolhuda Nasir
173 GLIMPSES
New Record Belum Temengor
Müller’s Blind Snake Typhlops muelleri Amirah Hurzaid 174 GLIMPSES
Wagler’s Pit Viper Tropidolaemus wagleri Amirah Hurzaid
Pink headed Reed Snake Calamaria schlegelii Nurolhuda Nasir
New Record Belum Temengor
175 GLIMPSES
Speckle-bellied Keelback Rhabdophis chrysargos Nurolhuda Nasir
New Record Belum Temengor
New Record Belum Temengor
176 GLIMPSES
Scarce Wolf Snake Lycodon effraenis Evan SH Quah
Brown Kukri Snake Oligodon purpurascens Evan SH Quah
177 GLIMPSES
Malayan Banded Wolf Snake Lycodon subcinctus Nurolhuda Nasir
178 GLIMPSES
Blunthead Slug Snake Aplopeltura boa Evan SH Quah
179 GLIMPSES
Specklebelly Keelback Rhabdophis chrysargo Evan SH Quah
180 GLIMPSES
Elephant Trunk Snake
King Cobra
Lim Boo Liat
Lim Boo Liat
Acrochordus javanicus
Ophiophagus hannah
181 GLIMPSES
Blue Coral Snake
Wagler’s Pit Viper
Calliophis bivirgatus
Tropidolaemus wagleri
Lim Boo Liat
Lim Boo Liat
Common Python Python reticulatus Lim Boo Liat
182 GLIMPSES
Yellow Ringed Cat Snake Boiga dendrophila Lim Boo Liat
Oriental Whip Snake Ahaetulla prasina Lim Boo Liat
183 GLIMPSES
Painted Bronze Back Dendrelapis pictus Lim Boo Liat
Hagen’s Green Pit Viper Parias hageni Lim Boo Liat
184 GLIMPSES
Hose’s Rock Frog Odorrana hosii Nurolhuda Nasir
Amphibians Land & Water Dwellers
These would generally include the Anurans (frogs and toads) and the Caudatas (salamanders). During the expedition, a total of 20 species of frogs and toads were documented.
185 185 GLIMPSES GLIMPSES
186 186 GLIMPSES GLIMPSES
Litter Frog
Microhyla heymonsi Nurolhuda Nasir
187 187 GLIMPSES GLIMPSES
Malayan Horned Frog Megophrys nasuta Nurolhuda Nasir
188 GLIMPSES
Malaysian Asian Toad Leptolalax heteropus Evan SH Quah
Hose’s Rock Frog Odorrana hosii Amirah Hurzaid
189 GLIMPSES
Corrugated Frog Limnonectes laticeps Amirah Hurzaid
Tree Frog
Polypedates leucomystax Lim Boo Liat
190 GLIMPSES
Hose’s Rock Frog Rana hosii Lim Boo Liat
Black-striped Frog
Larut Sucker Frog
Lim Boo Liat
Evan SH Quah
Rana nigrovittata
Amolops larutensis
191 GLIMPSES
Malayan Giant Frog Limnonectes blythii Lim Boo Liat
192 GLIMPSES
Copper-cheeked Frog Hylarana labialis Amirah Hurzaid
Wallace’s Flying Frog
Rhacophorus nigropalmatus Lim Boo Liat
193 GLIMPSES
Striped Stream Frog Rana signata Lim Boo Liat
Indian Tree Frog Rhacophorus maculatus Lim Boo Liat
Stream Toad
Ingerophrynus parvus Nurolhuda Nasir
194 GLIMPSES
Malaysian Asian Toad Leptolalax heteropus Amirah Hurzaid
195 GLIMPSES
Hour Glass Toad Leptophryne borbonica Nurolhuda Nasir
196 GLIMPSES
Asian Red Giant Toad Bufo asper Lim Boo Liat
197 GLIMPSES
River Toad
Phrynoides aspera Lim Boo Liat
198 GLIMPSES
Greater Scissortail
Rasbora caudimaculata (above) Amir
Queen Danio
Devario regina (below) Amir
Fishes Scaly Swimmers
Freshwater fishes in the Tropics are extremely diverse. In
Peninsular Malaysia there are about 200 species found in
the rivers and lakes. In Belum-Temengor it is reported that there are about 32 species present. During the expedition a total of 14 species were documented.
199 199 GLIMPSES GLIMPSES
New Record
Malayan Leaf Fish
Temengor Forest Reserve
Pristolepis fasciata Amir
200 GLIMPSES
Umbu-umbu
Labiobarbus leptocheilus Amir
Twospot Cat Fish Mystus nigriceps Amir
Pearl Cat Fish Mystus castaneus Amir
201 GLIMPSES
Long Pectoral-fin Minnow Macrochirichthys macrochirus Amir
Lalang
Oxygaster anomalura Amir
Spotted Barb Puntius binotatus Amir
202 GLIMPSES
Bonylip Barb Osteochilus vittatus Amir
Marbled Sand Goby Oxyeleotris marmoratus Amir
Beardless Barb
Cyclocheilichthys apogon Amir
Poissons of Java Hampala macrolepidota Amir 203 GLIMPSES
Common Barb Puntius binotatus Amir
204 GLIMPSES
Procapritermes Soldiers Procapritermes sp. Shawn Cheng
Termites The Terminators
Termites are a dominant decomposer on the forest floor. They affect the physical and chemical properties of the soil by adding humic materials and mineral particles as
they decompose dead wood material on the forest floor.
There are a total of about 176 species of termites found in Peninsular Malaysia. During the expedition a total of 22 species were documented in Temengor.
205 205 GLIMPSES GLIMPSES
Termites
Termes rostratus Shawn Cheng
206 GLIMPSES
Termites
Odontotermes hainanensis Shawn Cheng
207 GLIMPSES
Termites
Macrotermes gilvus Shawn Cheng
208 GLIMPSES
Termites
Microtermes pakistanicus Shawn Cheng
209 GLIMPSES
210 GLIMPSES
Spines of a Lasiocampid Moth Caterpillar Lasiocampid sp.
Pulau Banding Foundation
Butterflies and Moths The Colourful Flutters
The scales on the wings flattened as hairs gives the Butterflies and Moths their extraordinary variety of colours and patterns. There are a large variety of
butterflies and moths in the Tropical forest of Malaysia. During the expedition a total of 53 species of
butterflies in 5 families and 30 species of moths in 9 families were documented.
211 211 GLIMPSES GLIMPSES
Dark Blue Tiger
Tirumala septentrionis septentrionis Norela Sulaiman
212 GLIMPSES
Autumn Leaf Doleschallia bisaltide Norela Sulaiman
213 GLIMPSES
Malayan Wanderer Pareronia valeria lutescens Norela Sulaiman
The Common Jester Symbrenthia lilaea luciana Norela Sulaiman
214
The Orange Albatross
GLIMPSES
Appias nero figulina Norela Sulaiman
Yellow Glassy Tiger Parantica aspasia aspasia Norela Sulaiman
The Cruiser
Vindula dejone erotella Norela Sulaiman
Malayan Oakleaf Kallima limborgii
Mogana Sundram Arumugam
215 GLIMPSES
216 GLIMPSES
Tropical Swallowtail Moth Lyssa zampa docile Norela Sulaiman
Moth
Dyspania transducta Norela Sulaiman
Moth
217
Sarbanissa transiens
GLIMPSES
Norela Sulaiman
White Lopper Moth
White Lopper Moth
Norela Sulaiman
Norela Sulaiman
Pingasa chlora
Pingasa chlora
Goat Moth Xyleutes strix
Norela Sulaiman
218 GLIMPSES
Moth
Meganoton analis Mogana Sundram Arumugam
219 GLIMPSES
Underside View of Moths Norela Sulaiman
220 GLIMPSES
Lantern Bug Pyrops pyrorhyncha
Pulau Banding Foundation
Insects and related Species They Are All Around Us
There are thousands of known species of insects in
the country and with more species yet to be found. They are found in our homes, gardens, in rivers,
ponds, in our forest, and mountains. They have lived with other creatures much longer than humans, and small as they are, they play a very important role
in our ecosystem. During the expedition, various
insects including the beetles were documented within Temengor.
Beetles are by far the largest order of insects found in the Tropical Forest in Malaysia. Beetles are well represented in all terrestrial habitats which are
often used as indicators of environmental change due to their habitat specificity and sensitivity to
environmental stress. They are valuable in detecting impacts of tropical rainforest management. During
the expedition, a total of 165 species in 25 families were recorded indicating a healthy forest system.
221 221 GLIMPSES GLIMPSES
222 GLIMPSES
Cotton Stainer Bug (mating) Dysdercus suturellus
Pulau Banding Foundation
Lantern Bug Pyrops oculata
Pulau Banding Foundation
223 GLIMPSES
224 GLIMPSES GLIMPSES
Multi-coloured St. Andrew’s Cross Argiope versicolor
Pulau Banding Foundation
Locust
Valanga nigricornis (left) Pulau Banding Foundation
Shield Bug
Pentatomidae sp. (right) Mogana Sundram Arumugam
Stick Insect Phasmatodea sp.
Mogana Sundram Arumugam
225 GLIMPSES GLIMPSES
Golden Web Spider Nephila maculata
Pulau Banding Foundation
226 GLIMPSES
Weaver Ant
Oecophylla smaragdina Pulau Banding Foundation
Damselfly Zygoptera sp.
Pulau Banding Foundation
227 GLIMPSES
Trilobite Beetle Larva Family: Lycidae Yeap Chin Aik
Weevil Beetle Homoelabys analis
Pulau Banding Foundation
228 GLIMPSES
Violin Beetle
Dung Beetle
Mogana Sundram Arumugam
Mogana Sundram Arumugam
Mormolyce phyllodes
Heliocopris dominus
Blue Marsh Hawk Orthetrum glaucum
Pulau Banding Foundation
229 GLIMPSES
Bug
Hemiptera Pulau Banding Foundation
230 GLIMPSES
Centipede
Scolopendra subspinipes (above & right) Pulau Banding Foundation
231 GLIMPSES
Millipede
Achispirostreptus gigas (above)
Malaysian Forest Scorpion Heterometrus spinifer (left)
232 GLIMPSES
Pill Millipede Glomeris marginata Charles Teo
233 GLIMPSES
234 GLIMPSES
Mayfly
Ephemeroptera sp. Che Salmah Md. Rawi
Aquatic Insects Food Chain Link
They form the important link in the aquatic and
terrestrial food chains and they also function in forest
litter decomposition. During the expedition, a total of 896 insects belonging to 39 families were documented.
235 235 GLIMPSES GLIMPSES
Mayfly (nymphs)
Rheonanthus sp. Che Salmah Md. Rawi
236 GLIMPSES
Mayfly (nymphs) Isonychia sp.
Che Salmah Md. Rawi
Mayfly (adult)
Epeorus sp. Che Salmah Md. Rawi
Mayfly (nymphs)
Campsoneuria sp. Che Salmah Md. Rawi
237
Mayfly (adults)
GLIMPSES
Che Salmah Md. Rawi
Mayfly Swarm (adults) Che Salmah Md. Rawi
Stonefly (nymph) Neoperla sp.
Che Salmah Md. Rawi
Stonefly
Cryptoperla sp. Che Salmah Md. Rawi 238 GLIMPSES
Dragonfly Macromia sp.
Che Salmah Md. Rawi
Damselfly Zygoptera sp.
Che Salmah Md. Rawi 239 GLIMPSES
Dragonfly (nymph) Zygonyx sp.
Che Salmah Md. Rawi
Dragonfly Euphaea sp.
Che Salmah Md. Rawi
Summary & Conclusion
Conserve for the future 240 GLIMPSES
Newly Hatched Spiders Zodariidae sp.
Pulau Banding Foundation
The captions illustrated in this book are only a cross section of the many flora and fauna that exists and co-exist within the Temengor Forest Reserve. The list of flora and fauna we have gathered is not exhaustive. We believe that with continued research and systematically organised scientific expeditions, many more of the wonders of the forest remain to be discovered. There is still a large tract of forest in the Royal Belum Forest Reserve that has not been explored/surveyed yet and the inventory of the species found there have yet to be fully documented. Our knowledge about the distribution of the flora and fauna in this forest is still relatively poor. They need to be urgently documented if we are to carry out any meaningful conservation strategies. Without doubt, in situ conservation is still the best option to maintain the sustainability of our flora and fauna in Belum Temengor. This approach is the best way to conserve the entire eco-community with all its inhabitants, whether large or small, that makes up the web of life. Although our technologies have advanced tremendously, yet we are nowhere near in being able to perfectly imitate a natural eco-system. Only, nature knows best how to preserve all of our flora and fauna in their natural habitat. In a broader sense, forest conservation measures directly affect our own quality of live too. The forest help to moderate our climate, sequester the carbon dioxide generated by us, maintain water quality and sustains human commercial activities like eco-tourism and bio-prospecting for novel medicines. Following the scientific expedition into Temengor in late 2012, the results showed that there are many endemic plants and animals present within Temengor. The same will also be true for the Royal Belum Forest Reserve. Species diversity in Belum Temengor is richer than in many other parts of the country meaning that the area is not only a living laboratory but it is a very cost-effective place for conservation. Malaysia is a party to the International Convention on Biological Diversity and we have a commitment to conserve our natural biological resources. This effort is not for ivory tower reasons but for basic economics and for human wellbeing. Since in Belum Temengor we have a rich and unusual biological resource present, the best we can do for Belum-Temengor becomes imperative.
241 GLIMPSES
Contributors Contributor
Contributor
Contributor
Contributor
Contributor
Assoc Prof. Dr. Rusea Go
Dr. Shawn Cheng
Ahmad Damanhuri Mohamad
Dato’ Dr. Dionysius Sharma
Thi Bee Kin
Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM)
Entomologist/Biotechnologist, Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM)
Curator, Herbarium Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM)
CEO, WWF-Malaysia
Mycology & Pathology Unit, Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM)
Contributor
Contributor
Contributor
Contributor
Contributor
Evan S.H. Quah
Dr. Peter Wilkie
Dr. Rahmad Zakaria
Siti Munirah Mat Yunoh
Yeap Chin Aik
School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM)
Tropical Diversity Section, Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh, England
School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM)
Forest Biodiversity Division, Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM)
Malaysian Nature Society (MNS)
Contributor
Contributor
Contributor
Contributor
Contributor
Shariff
Ching Fong
Amirah Hurzaid
Nurolhuda Nasir
Dr. Mark Rayan
WWF-Malaysia
WWF-Malaysia
Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM)
WWF-Malaysia
WWF-Malaysia
242 GLIMPSES
Contributor
Contributor
Contributor
Contributor
Contributor
Prof. Dr. Che Salmah Md Rawi
Dato Seri Lim Chong Kiat
Ummul Nazrah Abdul Rahman
Dr. Saw Leng Guan
Imin Kamin
School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM)
Folia malaysiana Suriana Botanic Conservation Gardens, Penang.
Forest Biodiversity Division, Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM)
Director, Forest Biodiversity Division, Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM)
Forest Biodiversity Division, Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM)
243 GLIMPSES
Contributor
Contributor
Contributor
Contributor
Contributor
Dr. Amir Shah Ruddin Md Sah
Dr. Norela Sulaiman
Dr. Lim Boo Liat
Tee Lian Huat
Mogana Sundram S. Arumugam
School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM)
School of Retired Environmental and Natural Institute of Medical Research Resources Sciences, Malaysia (IMR) Faculty of Science & Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM)
Malaysian Nature Society (MNS)
Ex-Jabatan Perhilitan Malaysia
Contributor
Contributor
Contributor
Contributor
Contributor
Dr. Christine Fletcher
Mohammad Shahfiz Azman
Dr. Tan Yee Shin
Kamal Solhaimi Fadzil
Chandra Arumugam
CBIOD Project (Bats), Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM)
Zoologist, Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM)
Universiti Malaya (UM)
Universiti Malaya (UM)
Rainwalker Ecosystems and ICEM
244 GLIMPSES
SPECIAL THANKS: The Pulau Banding Foundation wishes to acknowledge all the help and cooperation of the following, for their contribution to the success of bringing this book into its final form: Thanks are due to all the photograph contributors who went out of their way after the 2nd Scientific Expedition into Temengor Forest Reserve, to select and send their photographs fully identified and labelled for use in this book. Some of the contributors made subsequent trips into the expedition site to obtain better photographs suitable for use in this publication. Thanks are due to LAr. Charles Teo of the Institute of Landscape Architects Malaysia (ILAM) and Mohd Amin Hadarih of Kolej RISDA who took great pains to create the artistic impressions of the forest and its ecosystem that has been used in this book.
245 GLIMPSES
Hearty thanks are also due to the Editorial Committee who took time to peruse the many drafts to ensure that all errors in the book were minimized. Sincere thanks are also due to the Board of Trustees of the Pulau Banding Foundation for their unwavering support throughout the implementation and execution of this project. Last but not the least, our special thanks goes to our Honourable Prime Minister Dato Seri Mohd Najib bin Tun Haji Abdul Razak for the generous financial support from his Department, without which this book could not have come into print. This book is dedicated to all our brethren living in the Belum Temengor Forest Complex who have been managing our God given resources so wisely to ensure their sustainability to this date.
Dr. Daniel Baskaran & Zainon Kasim
Editors
248 GLIMPSES