苏州 常熟 PUBLIC REALM STUDIO
2016 Spring PENNDESIGN
目录 TABLE OF CONTENTS 前言 Foreword
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常熟 Published by the Department of City and Regional Planning School of Design University of Pennsylvania 210 South 34th Street 127 Myerson Hall Philadelphia, PA, 19104-6311 Phone: 215-898-8329 Fax: 215-898-5731 www.design.upenn.edu Copyright: 2016 Trustees of the University of Pennsylvania All rights reserved.
Front cover image: Jae Min Lee
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CPLN 760 Public Realm Studio • Spring 2016 - PENNDESIGN
琴湖愿景 现状分析 框架理念 设计 生态修复
现状分析 十全街 苏州新大门 苏州水岸改造 新姑苏枕河空间 叶家巷之云 改善公共空间
Changshu Ningxiao Cao; Paula Melissa Narvaez; Naeem Shahrestani Qin Lake Vision Understanding Existing Condition Framework Concept Design Remediation Strategy
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苏州
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Suzhou Understanding Existing Suzhou Shiquan Street - Design for Experience New Gateway to Suzhou Suzhou Riverfront Redevelopment Reclaiming Canalfront - Soochow Canal Rethink Local Culture - Yejia Cloud Public Space Improvement Public Realm Studio
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38 Chrstopher DiStasi 46 Amy Triscoli 54 Katie McLaughlin 62 Shi-Yuan Yao 70 Claudia Zarazua 78 Qi Wang
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目录 · table of contents 3
前言 在一项2015年的研究中，中国环境部将国内百分之六十的地下水和三分之一的地表水评定为不适宜 人体接触。尤其对于那些文化认同依赖自然水系的城市，例如有着”东方威尼斯“之称的苏州，这是一 个很大的问题。苏州的运河有着一千多年的历史而且与长城同在中国顶尖旅游目的地之列。 与其它中国城市一样，苏州和它的周边城市包括常熟在内经历了史无前例的城市化进程。九十年代 早期两个经济特区的建立使得城市的人口翻了五倍，2014年达到了五百多万人。但是伴随着高速经济增 长的是环境的退化，空气质量和水质量的恶化，千篇一律的住宅建设，缺乏设计感的公共空间和行人难 以通过的街道。这些都威胁着苏州两千五百多年的历史文化遗赠以及作为一个风景如画的绿色城市的名 声。 我们这个城市设计课程提出了一套重新发展苏州和常熟城内运河的模式，旨在通过包括环境修复， 邻里活动和大众交通在内的一些尊重文化历史和环境的城市发展改善公共空间并且提升运河价值。课程 将不同学科包括景观建筑，建筑，交通规划，环境规划和城市设计汇聚到一起。 课程做的是苏州和常熟市区内的真实项目，当地政府也非常重视。我们在当地的合作伙伴有：中国 城市规划设计研究院，苏州城市设计院，常熟城市设计院和同济大学。我们有信心将这门课程的成果作 为中国其它运河城市的发展范本。
Dr. Stefan Al Associate Professor of Urban Design
常熟古城区;
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Paula Melissa Narvaez
CPLN 760 Public Realm Studio • Spring 2016 - PENNDESIGN
前言 · foreword 5
FOREWORD A 2015 study by China’s Environment Ministry rated sixty percent of the country’s underground water, and one-third of its surface water, unfit for human contact. This is an especially big problem for cities that rely on canals for their cultural identity, such as Suzhou, known as the “Venice of the East.” The city’s canals date back a thousand years and rank among China’s top domestic tourist destinations, on par with the Great Wall. Like many other Chinese cities, Suzhou and its satellites including Changshu have witnessed unprecedented urbanization rates. The establishment of two Special Economic Zones (SEZ’s) in the early 1990’s has five-folded the city’s population to more than 5 million people in 2014. But fast-paced economic growth has come at the cost of environmental degradation, deteriorating air and water quality, monotonous housing developments, a poorly designed public realm, and streets that are virtually impossible to cross. These threaten Suzhou’s two and a half millennia legacy and reputation as a green, resort-like city. This advanced urban design studio developed models for the redevelopment of Suzhou’s and Changshu’s inner city canals. It aims to improve the public realm and upgrade the canals through culturally and environmentally sensitive urban development, including environmental remediation, community projects, and mass-transportation. The studio brought together different disciplines, including landscape architecture, architecture, transportation, environmental planning, as well as urban design. The studio worked on real projects within the inner city of Suzhou and Changshu that are top priorities of the local governments. Our local partners included the Chinese Academy of Urban Planning and Design, the Suzhou Urban Design Department, the Changshu Urban Design Department, and Tongji University. It aspires to serve as a model for other Chinese canal cities. Dr. Stefan Al Associate Professor of Urban Design
同里古镇;
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Stefan Al
CPLN 760 Public Realm Studio • Spring 2016 - PENNDESIGN
前言 · foreword 7
致谢
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Public Realm 这一设计课程的实现得益于我们当地合作伙伴的大力支持，包括中国城市规划设计研究 院，苏州规划设计研究院，常熟规划院和同济大学。感谢我们的同事，邓东先生，范嗣斌先生，黄硕 女士，张佳女士，孙令国先生，张昊先生，郑俊先生，他们给我们这门设计课程提供了非常专业的帮 助。 同时也要感谢课程的评审：Marilyn Jordan Taylor院长，Gary Hack名誉院长，Jonathan Barnett教授，Tom Daniels教授，童明教授， Richard Weller教授，还有Scott Page，Nick Pevzner，Gregory Haley和Adam Frampton，他们与我们分享了自己的观点和见解。
This studio was made possible through the generous support of PennDesign and Penn Global, and though our local partners including the Chinese Academy of Urban Planning and Design, the Suzhou Urban Design Department, the Changshu Urban Design Department, and Tongji University. Dong Deng, Sibin Fan, Shuo Huang, Jia Zhang, Lingguo Sun, Hao Zhang and Jun Zheng all provided vital expertise and support that greatly assisted the studio.
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CPLN 760 Public Realm Studio • Spring 2016 - PENNDESIGN
Many thanks go out to our studio critics including Dean Marilyn Jordan Taylor, Dean Emeritus Gary Hack, Department Chair Tom Daniels, as well as faculty including Jonathan Barnett, Tong Ming, Richard Weller, Scott Page, Nick Pevzner, plus practitioners Gregory Haley, Adam Frampton, and Kate Dunham for imparting wisdom during the course of the semester. 致谢 ·acknowledgments 9
常熟 PUBLIC REALM STUDIO 2016 Spring PENNDESIGN
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CPLN 760 Public Realm Studio • Spring 2016 - PENNDESIGN
苏州 PUBLIC REALM STUDIO 2016 Spring PENNDESIGN
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CPLN 760 Public Realm Studio • Spring 2016 - PENNDESIGN
环境修复规划
规划远景与目标
REMEDIATION PLAN
VISION & GOALS 规划远景： 苏州的公共空间与河道空间将通过契合文化与环 境发展的城市开发行为得到提升
Improve the public realm and reinvigorate the canals through culturally and environmentally sensitive urban development.
规划目标： 1）在道路设计中优先步行者的快适度与安全 2）在新开发中推行与老城区传统空间形态吻 合的发展 3）在提高水质与增添开放空间的同时，修复 苏州的河道与被遗忘的公共空间，从而把 老城区建成一个城市生活的功能中心
1. Give priority to pedestrian comfort and safety in streetscape design 2. Promote development that respects the old city’s traditional urban form. 3. Restore Suzhou’s waterways and forgotten public spaces to a functional center of city life a. Restore water quality b. Increase open space
修复重点：步行街道 Type I: Pedestrian Street
修复重点： 河道岸边 Type II: Canal Frontage
修复重点：步行街道 Type I 修复重点： 河道岸边 Type II 修复重点： 污水处理公园 Type III
修复重点： 污水处理公园 Type III: Stormwater Park 42
CPLN 760 Public Realm Studio • Spring 2016 - PENNDESIGN
苏州 | 老城区现状 ·Suzhou | existing condition 43
交通循环策略 Circulation Strategy
再开发策略 Redevelopment Strategy
仅限步行者使用道路 Pedestrian Only-Street 步行者优先使用道路 Pedestrian Priority 步行者友好道路 Pedestrian Friendly Street
交通管理策略 Traffic Management Strategy
新村单位房公共空间改造 Danwei Redevelopment 提案修复河道 Recovered Canals 现有新村单位房小区 Danwei Housing $
步行者友好道路 Pedestrian Friendly Streets 44
步行者优先使用道路 Pedestrian Priority Streets
CPLN 760 Public Realm Studio • Spring 2016 - PENNDESIGN
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新增停车车库 Parking Garages 停车路线 Parking Route 观光巴士路线 Tourist Bus Route 分区停车收费 Parking Price
观光向导策略 Wayfinding strategy
园林 Garden 文化景点 Cultural Attraction 观光客向导路线 Tourist Wayfinding Route
仅限步行者使用道路 Pedestrian Only-Streets 苏州 | 老城区现状 ·Suzhou | existing condition 45
集市广场既保护尊重了区域的历史风貌，也 促进了旅游业的发展。广场创造了一个手工 业者，游客和当地居民互动交流的空间，同 时体现了城墙作为一个目的地的存在。围绕 城墙的边界是一个为节假日拥挤的游客人流 设计的公共空间和绿色设施。
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The marketplace plaza celebrates history and tourism. The plaza creates engagement between artisans, tourists, and residents, while also announching the arrival of a destination, the city wall. The edge surrounding the wall is a public space meant for heavy tourist circulation, and green infrastructure.
CPLN 760 Public Realm Studio • Spring 2016 - PENNDESIGN
东大门地区是一个令人激动的开发项目，沿 着运河为当地居民和游客提供了一个多样化 的体验。这一体验源于苏州的历史文化特色 以及这一区域独特的周围环境。尽情享受苏 州的运河，园林，社区和文化吧！
The Eastern Gateway District is an exciting development that provides residents and tourists with a dynamic experience along the canal. This dynamic experience is a product of Suzhou’s identity and the surrounding context of this unique area. Enjoy the canals, gardens, community, and culture of Suzhou!
苏州 | 东大门 ·Suzhou | eastern gateway 61
建筑物与开放空间功能规划 SITE PLAN DORMITORY 学生宿舍
INSTITUTIONAL
CANAL MARKET
教室/公共设施
河浜集市
INSTITUTIONAL CAFE/TEA ROOM
SENIOR ACTIVITY
教室/公共设施
老年活动室
咖啡厅/茶室
RETAIL 商店
M ROO ION T A RM
L+
I RETA
CAFETERIA 社区食堂
DANWEI R ESIDENTIAL
集合住宅
INFO情报交流室 +
商店
LIBRARY ROOM
RETAIL 商店
社区阅览室
LOUNGE 社交舫
RETAIL 商店
UND GRO OR FLO AIL RET
商店
底层
CANAL MARKET 河浜集市
GARDEN 小花园
RESIDENTIAL RETAIL 商店
RESIDENTIAL
集合住宅
RESIDENTIAL DORMITORY
再开发将在功能上紧密连接周边的住宅、大学，并且吸 引社区周边的市民与游客进到场地活动。提案中的场地 含有4个区块：1）西片以社区食堂、美术馆以及开阔的 河道景观吸引居民与来访者聚集，是场地的入口处；2） 中心部引入能使人长时间逗留的咖啡厅与茶室、以及能 提供退休人群、大学生、青少年儿童、手工艺者、周边 市民之间知识共享技能传授的公共设施；南片则是中高 档复合式集合住宅区；3）东片以静态的活动场所与动态 的健身场所，既服务社区居民又服务苏州大学的学生与 退休职工，达到了从社区到大学的自然过渡。 The proposal envisions the site to be the ANCHOR that connects the different groups in the local community. The site will be divided into 4 areas: 1) Formal Gathering Space, attracting both the local and the visitors, 2) Community Connections for learning, living and recreation, and, 3) Transitions to Soochow University.
SENIOR HOUSE
SOOCHOW UNIVERSITY 苏州大学本部
老年公寓
DANWEI HOUSING 新村社区
集合住宅
学生宿舍
DANWEI HOUSING 新村社区
集合住宅
GALLERY
DANWEI RESID ENTIAL
BUILDING OF ELECTRONICAL & INFORMATION SCIENCE
集合住宅
ACTIVITY SPACE FOR ALL 积极的活动空间
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SHENG JIA DAI CANAL 盛家带河道
电子信息楼
美术馆
CAFE/TEA ROOM COURTYARD 咖啡厅/茶室院落
CPLN 760 Public Realm Studio • Spring 2016 - PENNDESIGN
INSTITUTIONAL PLAYGROUND 游乐场地
RESIDENTIAL SEMI-COURTYARD 住宅区半公共平台空间
CANAL TRAIL
沿河道的散步道
FORMAL GATHERINGS 公众聚集区 （西片）
COMMUNITY CONNECTIONS 社区共享区 （中心部）
TRANSITIONS TO UNIVERSITY 大学区入口 （东片）
苏州 | 新·姑苏枕河空间 ·Suzhou | soochow canal 73
空间营造手法(一): 模糊内外边界 BLURRED BOUNDARY
模糊入口处大体量公共建筑的内外边界以营造开阔视 野。1）从苏州园林学取柱子的使用，用于大体量公共建 筑中。其结果是模糊内外空间界限，餐饮、集会和展览的 空间可以自由地内外切换，增强人与河道的关系。 2）建 筑退线距离至少为9米，打造有退有进的墙面增添空间变 化的丰富度。 74
CPLN 760 Public Realm Studio • Spring 2016 - PENNDESIGN
空间的营造手法(二): 寓学于乐的公共空间 PUBLIC REALMS FOR LEARNING AND RECREATION
Blurred Boundary. 1) Application of columns (abstracted from classical Suzhou gardens) to largescale public buildings. As a result, the boundary between inside and outside gets blurred and dining activities and exihibitions can extend into canal-centered open space. 2) Minimum setback: 9m; various setbacks for various spatial forms.
1)滨水空间。长廊元素既提供了有遮蔽的步行空间 又提供了可以观赏河道的休憩空间。河道边的踏石 形成有富有动感的游水空间。 Waterfront. Colonnade for both passing and staying+ Stepping stones for recreation.
2)咖啡厅/茶室的院落。提供居民与来访者学习、办 公或放松的同时亦可欣赏树木、长廊、河道以及行 人的景观。 Cafe/Tea Room Courtyard, providing an informal gathering space for studying, business and recreation.
3）游乐场地。教室/公共设施一侧的半围合空间， 提供孩童的嬉戏空间的同时也提供了居民羽毛球网 或乒乓球桌等体育设施。 Playground. Semi-courtyard adjacent to institutional buildings, providing sports and game space for both children and residents.
三者之间的空间关系：通过向居民区递进的长廊、 咖啡厅/茶室院落与游乐场地， 河道滨水空间得以连 接到北面的住宅、学校以及社区服务设施。 Waterfront can be accessed to the residents and community facilities through the three types of public realms in sequence. 苏州 | 新·姑苏枕河空间 ·Suzhou | soochow canal 75
SITE PLAN
平面图
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CPLN 760 Public Realm Studio • Spring 2016 - PENNDESIGN
苏州 | 叶家巷段河道 ·Suzhou | yejia creek 87
路
干将东
平面图
设计理念
SITE PLAN
CONCEPT
建筑 BUILDING
凤凰街
沿河边界 EDGE
理念1
理念2
CONCEPT 1
CONCEPT 2
单位房改造 Housing Redevelopment
沿街商业 Commercial Street
传统长廊与拱门 Traditional Corridor & Arch
滨水台阶 Waterfront Terrace
娱乐与聚会 Recreation
户外用餐与临时集市 Outdoor dining and temporary bazaar
以当地居民为导向 Local Residents Oriented
以游客为导向 Visitors Oriented
公共空间 PUBLIC SPACE
活动 LIFE
十梓街
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CPLN 760 Public Realm Studio • Spring 2016 - PENNDESIGN
苏州 | 公共空间 ·Suzhou | Public Space 91
单位房改造
单位房改造
DANWEI REDEVELOPMENT
DANWEI REDEVELOPMENT 现存问题 EXISTING CONDITIONS
改造后类型一
建筑形态单一，体量较大 Monotonous Typology Large Building Volume
与外部公共空间缺少联系 Disconnected with Outer Public Realm
TYPOLOGY ONE
改造后类型二
TYPOLOGY TWO
公共开放空间：屋顶花园和操场 Public Open Space: Roof Garden & Playground 功能：居住和娱乐休闲 Programming: Living Space & Playing Area
公共开放空间：社区园艺 Public Open Space: Community Garden 功能：首层社区服务和零售，上层居住 Programming: Ground Floor Community Services & Retail; Upper Floor Residential
改造后类型三
改造后类型四
户外活动空间有限 Limited Open Space Lack of Public Activities
改造策略 STRATEGIES 为了营造出当地居民所熟悉与习惯的江南传统庭院以 及其它民居形式的空间围合感， 我选择将两栋单位建 筑作为此处改造的一个基本单元。这两栋单位楼之间 的空间将全部通过沿河街道上所设长廊一侧的拱门与 外部滨水空间相连。
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CPLN 760 Public Realm Studio • Spring 2016 - PENNDESIGN
To create a sense of enclosure that locals were accustomed to from courtyards of traditional residences, the proposal uses two danwei buildings as the basic unit for each new housing development. The space between the two buildings will be open, leading to an arch opening up to the canal.
TYPOLOGY THREE
公共开放空间：户外草坪 Public Open Space: Lawn 功能：首层社区服务；上层居住 Programming: Ground Floor Community Services Upper Floor Residential
TYPOLOGY FOUR
公共开放空间：社区小公园 Public Open Space: Neighborhood Park 功能：首层零售；上层居住 Programming: Ground Floor Retail Upper Floor Residential 苏州 | 公共空间 ·Suzhou | Public Space 93
Public Realm Studio - Spring 2016 Instructor: Stefan Al Teaching Assistants: Jae Min Lee, Qi Wang Ningxiao Cao Christopher DiStasi Katie McLaughlin Paula Melissa Narvaez Naeem Shahrestani
Yao Shi-Yuan Amy Triscoli Qi Wang Claudia Zarazua
同济大学设计研讨会;
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常熟古城区;
Paula Melissa Narvaez ;
与苏州政府部门座谈; Naeem Shahrestani
Paula Melissa Narvaez
公共领域工作室 · design studio 97
苏州 常熟 PUBLIC REALM STUDIO
2016 Spring PENNDESIGN