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GENTRIFICATION THE TRAFFIC Definition, Types ofLIGHT Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Georgios-Spyridon Gentrification ATHANASOPOULOS PhD Candidate - Department of Engineering - University of Cambridge Concerns Lecturer in Digital Architecture - Kent School of Architecture and Planning
Harvard University - Graduate School of Design MAUD 2014 Technical University ofBy Crete School of Architecture BArch 2012 Mr. -George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS
Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Student of the School of Architecture Technical University of Crete
Introduction The purpose of this essay is to make an attempt to detect the influences 1. Introductory approach:in Defining concept of the theory of anarchism utopianthe projects that were conducted through 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept theANTISTHENIS, twentieth century. The selected projects that include the ancient Greek philosopher, (444are BC -analyzed 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 among other wise heritage he left he established a great the Ebenezer Howard’s Garden City, Leus, Corbusier’s Contemporary CityBC, andAthens), Frank among other wise heritage he us,definition he to established a greatof “principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with the the content concepts. Lloyd Wright’s Broadacre City. Inleft addition theof investigation of influences of acquisition knowledge starts theindefinition the content concepts. Based, on this “principle” aorfirst, if of not final, approach, the the theorytherefore, ofofanarchism to the with architects to the projects, theofessay willterm try 1 (and urban Based, therefore, “principle” inindicated a first,utopia if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) is area (or gentrification to examine the degreeoninthis which each proposed could beofa Planning) reflection of 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various an ideal world that would be based on anarchism. At this point, in order for Sociology astowell), asathe “refining” of aperhaps city area, removal this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there artists, the reader have clear picture, itthe would be from useful to of refer to ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, 1: the operationdefinition of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of Kropotkin’s of anarchism the operation ofconsequences art galleries, restaurants, etc.also However regardless whatever other has, results risingthis of “change”, land prices (and theof “Anarchism (from the Gr. has, άν-, results and αρχή, authority), is the whatever otherspeculation). consequences alsocontrary rising oftoland prices (and the potential relative name given to a principle or theory of life and conduct under which society is potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to conceived without government-harmony in such a society being obtained, not by The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor the then observed of wealthytosometimes people to there buy property in poor areas submission to law, ortrend by any authority, but thus by free agreements London, upgrade them, stayobedience themselves and old residents areof London, upgrade them, themselves sometimes there andprofessional, thus old residents are concluded between thestay various groups, territorial and freely being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”. constituted for the sake of production and consumption, as also for the A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth satisfaction of the infinite variety needs and aspirations of a civilized being.” GLASS at the same while of similar in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. For both Howard’s Garden City and Frank Lloyd Wright’s Broadacre City cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more the Since influences theissue anarchist Peter Kropotkin arescholars quite evident. is then,ofthe has several andthe forWhat its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized below, from various more interesting isapproach the case ofare Le being Corbusier’s Contemporary City. Even though comprehensive summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: the persists in the issignificant roleof of architecture shaping a interpretations of the phenomenon thecategory following: Inarchitect a sense, the phenomenon dueof togentrification, a trend a new ofinsocial groups utopian world and probably denies proposing new social structures, there to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money might be to still an attempt expresstohis political ideas his project. and time travel from thetopurlieus downtown, wherethrough work place is, lack of the From a single perspective what all projects seem to have in for common 1. The term comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth GLASS was born in sense of safety at the distributed residencies outside town centres, search better Berlin, where sheabsence made her of firstany studies. In 1932inshe published an city important study entitled: would be the element the utopian that stops the services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for movement, by any means, of the individual. In other words, all projects are lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, characterized byanother thestudies absence of the traffic light. The traffic lightteacher marks a in According 1943 she published regarding city planning. In 1950 she in the to approach, the phenomenon is due tobecame a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research. Her public action and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: 1 azʹ 1842-1921., Emile Capouya ed., and Keitha Tompkins G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually
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ed. The Essential Kropotkin. 1st ed. New York: Liveright, 1975. Print. p. 108
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