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Περί ελευθεριών GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, βάσει των Χαρτών Συμβ. της Ευρώπης και της Ε.Ε. Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Της κυρίας Άρτεμ. Δ. ΣΑΒΒΙΔΟΥ Concerns
Μέλους Ειδ. Διδ. Προσωπ. Πανεπιστημίου ΝΕΑΠΟΛΙΣ, Πάφος Υποψήφ. Διδάκτ., Δικηγόρου
By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, 1 Ελευθερία του συνέρχεσθαι συνεταιρίζεσθαι Byκαι Mr.του George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect 1. Κάθε πρόσωπο έχει δικαίωμα στην ελευθερία του Student of the School of Architecture Technical Universityσε of όλα Crete συνέρχεσθαι ειρηνικώς και στην ελευθερία του συνεταιρίζεσθαι
τα επίπεδα, ιδίως στον πολιτικό και στον συνδικαλιστικό τομέα, καθώς 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept και 1.στους τομείς που αναφέρονται στον Πολίτη, πράγμα που Introductory approach: the concept ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), συνεπάγεται το δικαίωμα κάθε προσώπου να ιδρύει ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370με BC,άλλους Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the συνδικαλιστικές ενώσεις και να προσχωρεί σε αυτές για την among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. υπεράσπιση συμφερόντων acquisition ofτων knowledge starts withτου. theindefinition the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 Πολιτικά Based, therefore, on Κόμματα, this “principle” a first, ifτης notΈνωσης, final, approach, the term 2. Τα στο isin επίπεδο (and urban gentrification) indicated (in the area ofσυμβάλλουν Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as theπολιτικής “refining” ofβούλησης a city area, the removal from this, various στην έκφραση της των Πολιτών της (in Ένωσης Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of12). social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement (άρθρο ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of Οι διατάξεις της παραγράφου 1 αντιστοιχούν στις διατάξεις του the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the άρθρου 11 της ΕΣΔΑ, έχοντας ταυτόσημη έννοια με εκείνες, ενώ η whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative παράγραφος 2 του άρθρου 12 αντιστοιχεί στο άρθρο 191 της Συνθήκες potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to για την ίδρυση της Ευρωπαϊκής Κοινότητας, παράγραφος 4 του The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK νυν in early 1960s and itareas refers the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor ofto άρθρου 10 της Συνθήκης για την Ευρωπαϊκή Ένωση. the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof London, upgrade them, stay themselves Ελευθερία της Τέχνης και της sometimes Επιστήμηςthere and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”. A description is included in the work Η Τέχνηof this καιphenomenon η επιστημονική έρευνα είναιof Sociologist ελεύθερες.Ruth Η A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the ελευθερία same whileσεβαστή similar were in other major ακαδημαϊκή είναι (άρθροin 13). GLASS at the same period, similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, bywhile other Researchers. Το εν λόγω δικαίωμα δύναται να ασκείται ακωλύτως εντός των cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then, the issue1has several scholars and for its more πλαισίων του άρθρου του Χάρτη. Since then, the issue has several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized from Δικαίωμα approach εκπαίδευσης comprehensive are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: 1. Κάθε πρόσωπο έχει δικαίωμα στην εκπαίδευση και στην interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new category of social groups πρόσβαση στην επαγγελματική και συνεχή κατάρτιση. to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money Το δικαίωμα αυτό toπεριλαμβάνει την ευχέρεια δωρεάν and time2.to travel from the purlieus downtown, where work place is, lack of the 1.of The termat comes fromυποχρεωτικής Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in παρακολούθησης εκπαίδευσης. sense safety the της distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) 3. Η ελευθερία ίδρυσης εκπαιδευτικών μεmovements σεβασμόfor Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and ιδρυμάτων after continuous lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access to markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car New York she cameτων back to London, των δημοκρατικών αρχών καθώς και το easier δικαίωμα γονέων να in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research. Her public action and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying 1 are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. her work Τοreal κείμενο αποτελεί μέρος εκτενούς εργασίας τηςofΣυγγραφέως υπό τονweb, τίτλο: and selling estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially part of the urban in 10th edit. Wil. COLLINS SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: Οι ειδικώτερες ρυθμίσεις περί Ανθρωπίνων Δικαιωμάτων του Συμβουλίου της Ευρώπης G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually
και της Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης. Πάφος, 2017.
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
50
εξασφαλίζουν την εκπαίδευση και τη μόρφωση των τέκνων τους σύμφωνα με τις θρησκευτικές, φιλοσοφικές και παιδαγωγικές πεποιθήσεις τους, γίνονται σεβαστά σύμφωνα με τις εθνικές νομοθεσίες που διέπουν την άσκησή τους (άρθρο 14). Το κείμενο του άρθρου απηχεί κοινές συνταγματικές προσεγγίσεις του θέματος από τα Κράτη Μέλη, αλλά και του άρθρου 2 George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS του Α΄ Προσθέτου Πρωτοκόλλου By τηςMr. ΕΣΔΑ. Harvard University, Graduate School η of προσθήκη Design, Student, Με την πάροδο των καιρών εκρίθη αναγκαία της By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect διάταξης περί επαγγελματικής και συνεχής κατάρτισης. Student of the School of Architecture Τέλος, με την διάταξη της παραγράφου Technical 3 η ελευθερία ίδρυσης University of Crete Εκπαιδευτικών Ιδρυμάτων κατοχυρώνεται ως έκφανση της 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept όμως εκ των ορίων του επιχειρηματικής ελευθερίας, οριοθετουμένη 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, σεβασμού των Δημοκρατικών αρχών. ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the Ελευθερία του επαγγέλματος και δικαίωμα(444 προς εργασία among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. 1. Κάθε πρόσωπο έχει δικαίωμα να εργάζεται καιofνα ασκεί το acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term επάγγελμα, οποίοonεπιλέγει ή αποδέχεται ελεύθερα. 1το Based, therefore, this “principle” inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term (and urban gentrification) is area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 2. Κάθε Πολίτης της Ένωσης είναι ελεύθερος να αναζητά gentrification (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various απασχόληση, να εργάζεται, να εγκαθίσταται ή να παρέχει υπηρεσίες σε Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement of artists, κάθε Κράτος the operation ofΜέλος. art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”,there regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever consequences has, results rising of land prices (andστο theof 3. other Οι υπήκοοι τρίτων χωρών πουalso έχουν άδεια να εργάζονται whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also risingσυνθηκών of land prices (and the potential relative έδαφος των Κρατών Μελών δικαιούνται εργασίας potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to αντίστοιχων με εκείνες που απολαύουν οι Πολίτες της Ένωσης (άρθρο The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor 15). the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old residents areof Η upgrade σημασία τουstay ωςthemselves άνω δικαιώματος, επιβεβαιωθέντος και υπό London, them, sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. πλήθους αποφάσεων του Δικαστηρίου, πρέπει να συνεκτιμηθεί σε being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth συνεκτιμηθεί σεofperiod, συσχετισμό και isμε τις ρυθμίσεις των άρθρων 45, A description this phenomenon included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar situations in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major (ελεύθερη κυκλοφορία των Εργαζομένων cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. εντός της Ένωσης) και 49, cities in Western countries, byεντός other Researchers. Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for για its more (ελεύθερη εγκατάσταση της Ένωσης) της Συνθήκης την Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various λειτουργία της Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης. comprehensive approach are being summarized from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thebelow, following: Η τρίτη παράγραφος του άρθρου εδράζεται επί της interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: In a sense, the1 phenomenon due to trend of a newΧ,category of social groups παραγράφου του άρθρουis153 εκaτου τίτλου Κοινωνική Πολιτική, to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money της Συνθήκης για την λειτουργία της Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης. and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the Ζητήματα κατά τηνGLASS, πρόσληψη καταγομένων termat comes from Sociologist Ruth 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety theγεννώνται distributed residencies outside townατόμων centres, for Berlin, where Κρατών she made her first studies. In 1932 she publishedΚράτους an important study entitled: εκ Τρίτων σε πλοία φέρονται σημαία Μέλους της services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for Ένωσης. lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, in According 1943Επιχειρηματική she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the ελευθερία to another approach, the is due a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research. Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of με buying Η informal επιχειρηματική ελευθερία αναγνωρίζεται σύμφωνα το her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling real estate, etc., depreciation initially of partπρακτικές of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. COLLINS SONS AND Co Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: Δίκαιο της Ενωσης καιfor τιςtheΕθνικές νομοθεσίες και (άρθρο Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a16). variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually
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Το δικαίωμα αυτόTypes τελούν υπό το καθεστώς του υγιούς GENTRIFICATION Definition, of Intervention, ανταγωνισμού, είναι ενδεχόμενο και υπόκειται, (υπό προϋποθέσεις) σε Definition, Types of intervention, Concerns of περιορισμό εφαρμογής βάσει τηςGentrification παραγράφου1 του άρθρου 52 του Χάρτη: Κάθε περιορισμός πρέπει να προβλέπεται από νόμο και να Concerns σέβεται το βασικό περιεχόμενο του δικαιώματος ή της ελευθερίας…
Είναι αυτονόητο, ότι σε κάθε περίπτωση κατά την άσκηση του George-Sp.οιC. ATHANASOPOULOS εν λόγω δικαιώματος πρέπει By ναMr. τηρούνται αρχές του υγιούς Harvard University, Graduate School Design, Student, ανταγωνισμού τόσο σε επίπεδο Κράτους Μέλους, όσοofκαι σε επίπεδο By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης (εάν όχι και εκτόςStudent αυτήςofτηρουμένων κανόνων the School of Architecture 2 άλλης έννομης τάξης) . Technical University of Crete Το Δικαστήριο έχει αναγνωρίσει με σειρά αποφάσεών του την 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept ή Νομικών Οντοτήτων ελευθερία άσκησης υπό φυσικών Προσώπων 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the Ένωσης ancient Greek δρώντων εντός της την philosopher, ελευθερία άσκησης οικονομικής ή ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, among other heritage he left us,συναφούς) he established a great the 3. Athens), εμπορικής (ήwise και άλλης προφανώς δραστηριότητας among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. Δικαίωμα ιδιοκτησίας acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term 1. Κάθε δικαιούται είναι των νομίμως 1 (andπρόσωπο Based, therefore, on this “principle” inindicated aνα first, if (in notκύριος final, approach, the term urban gentrification) is the area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 κτηθέντων αγαθών του, να τα χρησιμοποιεί, να τα διαθέτει και να τα gentrification (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various κληροδοτεί. Κανείς δεν μπορεί να στερείται την ιδιοκτησία του, παρά Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and περιπτώσεις thethis placement of artists, μόνον για λόγους δημόσιας ωφέλειας, στις και υπό τις the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”,there regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results rising land prices (and και theof προϋποθέσεις που προβλέπονται στοalso νόμο καιofέναντι δίκαιης whatever otherspeculation). consequences has,απώλειά results also rising of land των pricesαγαθών (and the potential relative έγκαιρης αποζημίωσης για την της. Η χρήση potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to μπορεί να υπόκειται σε περιορισμούς από το νόμο, εφόσον αυτό είναι The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor αναγκαίο προς το γενικό συμφέρον. the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old residents areof 2. Η διανοητική ιδιοκτησία προστατεύεται (άρθρο 17). London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. Το κείμενο απηχεί συναφείς ρυθμίσεις πολλών Εθνικών being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth 4, όπως του similar Ελληνικού, άρθρο 17recorded «η ιδιοκτησία τελεί Συνταγμάτων A description ofperiod, thisπ.χ. phenomenon is situations included inwere the work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major υπό in την προστασία του Κράτους…», του Βελγικού, άρθρο 11, του cities Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. Since then, the issue has preoccupied several and for its more Γαλλικού, άρθρο 34, του Γερμανικού, άρθρο 14,scholars του Δανικού, Κεφάλαιο Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various Η΄, παράγραφος 73 κ.ά. comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations the phenomenon ofστο gentrification, following: Ακόμη,of περιλαμβάνεται άρθρο the 1 του Α΄ Προσθέτου interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: In a sense, theτης phenomenon is due a trend of a newτων category of social groups Πρωτοκόλλου Σύμβασης περίtoπροασπίσεως Δικαιωμάτων του to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money Ανθρώπου και των θεμελιωδών Ελευθεριών και έχει ως εξής: and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, 2 Berlin, where she madeΑρτ. her first studies. InΘέματα 1932 she published an Ρυθμίσεις important study entitled: Βλ.health, σχετικώς: Δ. ΣΑΒΒΙΔΟΥ: Ανταγωνισμού: Ευρωπαϊκής services of education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for Ένωσης και Κρατών Αθήναι, 2014, 15and επόμ. lower living cost of,Μελών. “withdrawal” from σ. private car access markets, etc.where studies Neweasier York she came to back to London, 3and research in Geneva, Prague, London ης ης Βλ.published σχετικές αποφάσεις τηςthe 14phenomenon Μαΐου 1974: υπόθεση 4/73, της in 27the in According 1943 she studies regarding city planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher to another approach, is due a systematic and ης University informal College London, where she her social Her public and Οκτωβρίου 1999,research. υπόθεσηbrokers C-240/97 κ.ά. Σεπτεμβρίου 1979: of υπόθεση 230/78, τηςcontinued 5 groups, long-term effort by organized manufacturers, ofaction buying 4 are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. her work Περί Ελλάδος βλ. ακόμη: Βουλή των Ελλήνων, Ε΄ Αναθεωρητική: Πρακτικά των and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: Βουλής τουAbstract. Συντάγματος 1975, Αθήναι, Αύγουστος 1975, άρθρο 17 σ. Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm aΣυζητήσεων variety ofτης ways, in επί order to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually 442, 455, 555, 601, άρθρο 111 σ. 1030,1033, 1037, 1045, 1088.
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«Παν φυσικόν ή νομικόν πρόσωπον δικαιούται σεβασμού της GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, περιουσίας του. Ουδείς δύναται να στερηθή της ιδιοκτησίας αυτού ειμή Definition, Types intervention, Concerns ofκαιGentrification δια λόγους δημοσίας ωφελείας υπόof τους προβλεπομένους υπό του νόμου και των γενικών αρχών του διεθνούς δικαίου όρους. Concerns Αι προαναφερόμεναι διατάξεις δεν θίγουσι το δικαίωμα παντός
Κράτους, όπως θέση εν ισχύι Νόμους ους ήθελε κρίνει αναγκαίον προς By Mr. George-Sp. ATHANASOPOULOS ρύθμισιν της χρήσεως αγαθών συμφώνως προς τοC.δημόσιον συμφέρον Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, ή προς εξασφάλισιν της καταβολής φόρων ή άλλων εισφορών ή By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect προστίμων». Student of the School of Architecture Πέραν αυτών το δικαίωμα ιδιοκτησίας Technical έχει αναγνωρισθεί με University of Crete σειρά αποφάσεων του Δικαστηρίου, και ιδίως με την απόφασή του της 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept Δεκεμβρίου 1979, (υπόθεση HAUER). 13ης 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, philosopher, Πτυχή τουtheενancient λόγωGreek δικαιώματος αποτελεί «η διανοητική ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the ιδιοκτησία», επίσης προστατευομένη, υπό τις διάφορες εκφάνσεις της, among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a great5of“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. , ofυπό μορφή όπως Λογοτεχνική, Καλλιτεχνική εν γένει,of Μουσική acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if not final, approach, the term ευρεσιτεχνίας, σήματος προϊόντος ή is υπηρεσίας κ.ά. 1 (and Based, therefore, on this “principle” inindicated a first, if (in not final, approach, the term urban gentrification) the area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 Τέλος, σημειώνεται ότι Κράτη τινά Μέλη της Ε.Ε., όπως π.χ. gentrification (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Δανία βάσει του Πρωτοκόλλου 32, διετήρησαν ίδια νομοθεσία για την Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement of artists, ιδιοκτησία δευτερεύουσας κατοικίας. the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”,there regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof Δικαίωμα ασύλου whatever other consequences has, results alsoτηρουμένων rising of landτων prices (and the potential relative speculation). Το δικαίωμα ασύλου διασφαλίζεται κανόνων potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to ης της Σύμβασης της Γενεύης της 28 Ιουλίου 1951 και του Πρωτοκόλλου Theηςterm gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor της Ιανουαρίου 1967 wealthy περί του καθεστώτος των προσφύγων καιof the 31 then observed trend people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes and thus old residents are σύμφωνα με τη Συνθήκη για την Ευρωπαϊκή Ένωση και τη Συνθήκη για London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. τη λειτουργία της Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης (εφεξής οριζόμενες ως «οι being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth Συνθήκες»), 18. phenomenon A description ofperiod, this is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at theάρθρο same while similar in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major Το άρθρο απηχεί τις ρυθμίσεις των άρθρων 78 και 79 της cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied otherτης Researchers. Since then, issue has several scholars andαποδίδονται for its more Συνθήκης για the την λειτουργία Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης, Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for various its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the την αντίστοιχη ρύθμιση του άρθρου 63 της Συνθήκης περί Ευρωπαϊκής comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations Κοινότητας. of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new category of social groups Ουσιαστικώς πρόκειται περί αποδοχής της Σύμβασης της to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money Γενεύης περί Προσφύγων. and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the Το κείμενο του βασίστηκε στο άρθρο 63 search της Συνθήκης term from άρθρου Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth GLASS wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety atcomes the distributed residencies outside town centres, for Berlin, where she made αντικατασταθεί her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: ΕΚ, που έχει πλέον από το άρθρο 78 της Συνθήκης για services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for τη λειτουργία της Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης, τοeasier οποίο επιβάλλει στην lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private access to markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and car New York she came back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research. Her public action and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying 5 are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. her work Βλ.real καιestate, Const. DARAMARAS: Copyright and Challenges to Copyright: the web, case of and selling for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban in 10th edit. Wil. COLLINS etc., SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: piracy and private copying. Αθήναι, 1998, σ. 112. Έκδοση Κέντρου Επιμόρφ. Μελετ., G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually
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ΕνωσηTypes την τήρηση Σύμβασης της Γενεύης περί GENTRIFICATION Definition, ofτηςIntervention, των προσφύγων. Είναι σκόπιμη η παραπομπή στις Definition, Types of intervention, Concerns ofτων Gentrification διατάξεις Πρωτοκόλλων σχετικά με το Ηνωμένο Βασίλειο και την Ιρλανδία που είναι Concerns προσαρτημένα στις Συνθήκες, καθώς και με τη
Δανία, για να προσδιορισθεί σε ποιο βαθμό τα εν Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS λόγω κράτηByμέλη εφαρμόζουν εν προκειμένω το Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, δίκαιο της Ένωσης και σε ποιο βαθμό το ενStudent, λόγω By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect άρθρο εφαρμόζεται Student σε αυτά τα κράτη μέλη. Το of the School of Architecture άρθρο αυτό τηρεί το πρωτόκολλο σχετικά με το Technical University of Crete άσυλο, το οποίο είναι προσαρτημένο στις 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept Συνθήκες. 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, Προστασία σε περίπτωση απομάκρυνσης, ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us,έκδοσης he established(444 a great the απέλασης και among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. 1. Απαγορεύονται οι ομαδικές απελάσεις. acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term 2.“principle” Κανείς δεν μπορεί να απομακρυνθεί, να 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this inindicated a first, if (in not final, approach, the term gentrification) is the area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 απελαθεί ήofνα εκδοθεί προς κράτος όπου διατρέχει gentrification (and urban gentrification) isarea, indicated (in thefrom area of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” a city the removal this, (in various σοβαρό κίνδυνο να του επιβληθεί η ποινή του Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, usually ofήlow-income and the placement of artists, θανάτου να υποβληθεί σεthis βασανιστήρια ή άλλη the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”,there regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of landήprices (and theof απάνθρωπη ή εξευτελιστική ποινή μεταχείριση, whatever otherspeculation). consequences potential relative άρθρο 19.has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative speculation). The term gentrification isΠερί foundτων at first in the UKαπελάσεων in early 1960sγίνεται and it refers to ομαδικών λόγος The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor στο of υπ΄αριθμόν 4. Πρωτόκολλο της ΕΣΑΔ, άρθρο 4. the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves and thus old residents areof Η παράγραφος 1 του άρθρου αυτού έχει την London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. έννοια και την ίδια in εμβέλεια άρθρο 4Ruth του being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of thisίδια phenomenon is included the workμε ofτο Sociologist πρόσθετου πρωτοκόλλου αριθ. 4 της ΕΣΑΔ όσον A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major αφορά τις ομαδικές απελάσεις. Στόχος της είναι να cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then, the issue has several scholarsθα andβασίζεται for its more εξασφαλισθεί ότι κάθε απόφαση σε Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various ειδική εξέταση και ότι δεν θα είναι δυνατόν να comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, following: αποφασίζεται με ενιαίο the μέτρο η απέλαση όλων interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trendπου of a new category of social groups των προσώπων έχουν την ιθαγένεια to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money συγκεκριμένου κράτους (βλέπε επίσης το άρθρο and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the 13Sociologist του residencies Συμφώνου για1912-1940. τα ατομικά και πολιτικά termat comes from Ruth GLASS, Ruth search GLASS wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed outside town centres, for Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: δικαιώματα). services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for παράγραφος ενσωματώνει αποφάσεις του lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private car easier access markets, etc. studies and research Geneva,Η Prague, London and2 New York she came to back to London, where in According 1943 she published studies regarding city planning. In 1950 she teacher του in the Ευρωπαϊκού Δικαστηρίου των Δικαιωμάτων to another approach, the phenomenon is due tobecame a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research. Her public action and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, buying Ανθρώπου όσον αφορά το άρθροbrokers 3 τηςof ΕΣΑΔ, her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: 1996 Συλλ. 1996, Απόφαση τηςLondon 17ης Δεκεμβρίου G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually VI, σ.Abstract. 2206, Ahmed κατά Αυστρίας,….. 252153 11