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Η Definition, προστασίαGENTRIFICATION της Συνταγματικής ταυτότητας των Types of Intervention, κρατών μελών της ΕΕ

Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Της κυρίας Φωστ. ΠΑΡΑΔΕΙΣΟΥ ΚΩΝΣΤΑΝΤΙΝΟΥ Concerns LLB Πανεπιστήμιο ΝΕΑΠΟΛΙΣ, Πάφος Φοιτήτριας LLM στο Διεθνές Ευρωπαϊκό και Οικονομικό Δίκαιο

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student,

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Εισαγωγή Student of the School of Architecture of Crete Η εθνική συνταγματική ταυτότητα κάθε Technical κράτουςUniversity συγκροτείται

από τις θεμελιώδεις αρχές που αποτελούν τμήμα της κοινής 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept συνταγματικής της the Ευρώπης και τις συνταγματικές 1. Introductoryκληρονομιάς approach: Defining concept (444 ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC - 370 BC, Athens), 1 . Greek ιδιαιτερότητες κάθεthe λαού ANTISTHENIS, ancient philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the Η other ανάγκη σεβασμού της εθνικής ταυτότητας μελών among wise heritage left us,definition he established a των greatκρατών the acquisition of knowledge startshe with the of the content of“principle”: concepts. αποτυπώθηκε ρητά Συνθήκη Συντάγματος γιαterm την acquisition of knowledge starts with theΘέσπισης of the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on στη this “principle” indefinition a first, ifενός not final, approach, the 1 (and urban Based,(αρθρα therefore, on 2this “principle” inindicated a first,ήδη if (in notαπό final, approach, the term Ευρώπη 1-5) ,gentrification) ενώ οι Συνθήκες, τις πρώτες τους is the area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, various εκδοχές, as υποχρέωναν την Ένωση να σεβασθεί τις εθνικές και(inτοπικές Sociology as well), the “refining” of aάνθηση city area, the removal fromthere this, of (in various ways), of social groups, usually ofστην low-income and theπολιτισμών placement artists, ιδιομορφίες και ναasσυμβάλει των των κρατών ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of μελών. the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless of whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the Το δίκαιο της ΕΕ έχει άμεσο ή έμμεσο αντίκτυπο στη νομοθεσία whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative των κρατών μελών της και γίνεται μέρος της έννομης τάξης κάθε potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to 3. Η αυτονομία της έννομης τάξης της ΕΕ εξασφαλίζει κράτους μέλους The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor τη ενιαία εφαρμογή του δικαίου της Ένωσης σε όλα τα κράτη μέλη. the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof London, them, stay themselves sometimes andμέλη thus old residents are Μεupgrade την προσχώρηση τους στην ΕΕ, τα there κράτη παραχωρούν being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”. description of this phenomenon is included in the work Sociologist Ruth σε Aαυτήν αρμοδιότητες με άμεση συνέπεια την ofεκχώρηση των A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included in the περιπτώσεις work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar were recorded in other major κυριαρχικών τους δικαιωμάτων, ιδιαίτερα στις εκείνες, GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities countries, by other Researchers. όπουinηWestern άσκηση αρμοδιοτήτων σε εθνικό επίπεδο δεν είναι αρκετά cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more αποτελεσματική.

Since then, the issue has several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized from Τα κράτη μέλη για να διαφυλάξουν και ναbelow, τονίσουν την εθνική comprehensive approach are being summarized from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: υπεροχή των Συνταγμάτων τους, εκεί όπου επέρχεται σύγκρουση interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new category of social groups μεταξύ εθνικού δικαίου καιpurlieus δικαίου της ΕΕ, καταφεύγουν στο to “return” to the city, leaving the for several reasons: high costs in money and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: 1 of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) services Law – constitution, Sakoulas, Papadopoulou, Youth Unemployment.

Theweb.Auth.gr/files/2009 same year she left Germany and after continuousYperohivivlio, movements for lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, proepiskopisi, σελ.299.

2 she published in According 1943 studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and Σχέδιο Συνθήκης γιαwhere τη she Θέσπιση Συντάγματος της Ευρώπης, Ευρωπαϊκή University College of London, continued her social research.

Her public action and long-term informal by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying Συνέλευση, 18characterized Ιουλίουeffort 2003, 9-10. for justice. her work are byσελ a passion See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. 3 and selling real estate, etc., for the depreciation initially of the urban web, in 10th edit.

Wil. COLLINS SONS AND Co Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: Ευρωπαϊκό Κοινοβούλιο στην υπηρεσία σαςof part (www.europarl.europa.eu Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: Abstract. http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a/atyourservice.). variety of ways, in order to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually Θεματολογικά δελτία για τη Ευρωπαϊκή Ένωση.

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

Δικαστήριο της ένωσης με σκοπό την επίλυση της διαφοράς ως προς την υπεροχή του δικαίου. Κάποια εκ των κρατών μελών εκφράζουν έντονο προβληματισμό και δεν αποδέχονται την υπεροχή του δικαίου της ΕΕ, κάποια άλλα αποφαίνονται υπέρ της υπεροχής του Ευρωπαϊκού δικαίου. Και οι δύο τάσεις εκφράζουν τους προβληματισμούς τους με νομικά

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS επιχειρήματα.

Harvard University, Schoolπαρακάτω, of Design, Student, Η νομολογία του ΔΕΕ, όπως θαGraduate εξετάσουμε δίνει

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect απάντηση σε αυτούς τους προβληματισμούς.

Student of the School of Architecture Technical University of Crete

Αρχή της Υπεροχής 1. Introductory Defining the1964 concept 4 καθιέρωσε την αρχή της Η απόφασηapproach: Costa κατά Enel 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept ANTISTHENIS, the ancient philosopher, (444 BC το - 370 BC,ανέφερε, Athens), υπεροχής του δικαίου της ΕΕ.Greek Στη εν λόγω απόφαση, ΔΕΚ ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the ότι δίκαιο που απορρέει από τα ευρωπαϊκά θεσμικά όργανα among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. ενσωματώνεται στα νομικά συστήματα των κρατών μελών, τα οποία acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term υποχρεούνται να το σέβονται. Επομένως το ευρωπαϊκό δίκαιο υπερέχει 1 (and Based, therefore, on this “principle” inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term urban gentrification) is area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 των εθνικών δικαίων. Οπότε στην περίπτωση όπου εθνικός κανόνας gentrification (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various αντιβαίνει σε μια ευρωπαϊκή διάταξη, οι αρχές των κρατών μελών Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement artists, υποχρεούνται ναgalleries, εφαρμόσουν τηνetc.ευρωπαϊκή διάταξη. Το of εθνικό the operation of art restaurants, However “change”,there regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever otherακυρώνεται consequencesούτε has, results also rising of land prices (and the δίκαιο δεν καταργείται, αλλά αναστέλλεται ηof whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative speculation). υποχρεωτική ισχύς του.

potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to δικαστηρίων buy property in poor Απόψεις των Συνταγματικών Γερμανίας, the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof Ιταλίας London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. Την άποψη ΔΕK περί υπεροχής του Ένωσης, Ruth δεν being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of του this phenomenon is included in δικαίου the work της of Sociologist ακολουθούν όλα τα κράτη μέλη. Τα Συνταγματικά δικαστήρια της A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major Γερμανίας και countries, Ιταλίας by δενother αποδέχονται την υπεροχή του δικαίου της cities in Western Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more Ένωσης.

Since then, the issue has several scholars andthe for its more 5 comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized below, from various Το ιταλικό συνταγματικό δικαστήριο με τις αποφάσεις Frontini comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, following: 6 (1980), αναγνωρίζει (1973) και Granital την the υπεροχή του ενωσιακού interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thecategory following: In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new of social groups δικαίου ως προτεραιότητα εφαρμογής του έναντι του εθνικού κανόνα. to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money Διευκρινίζει όμως πως δεν υπερισχύει των θεμελιωδών διατάξεων του and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the Συντάγματος όπως τα θεμελιώδη δικαιώματα και τη δημοκρατική αρχή 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, 4 she published in According 1943 studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and ΔΕΚ College 6/64, ofFlaminio Costak.sheEnte Nazionaleper LEnergia Elettrica (E.N.E.L.), University London, where continued her social research.

Her public action and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying 15.06.1964. her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. 5 and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit.

Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: Frontiniv.

Ministerodelle Finaze (1974).

6 G. ALEXANDRI: Abstract. http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually S.p.a. Granital v. Amministrazione delle Finanzedellostato (1984).

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

οι οποίες εξακολουθούν να αποτελούν τον υπέρτατο κανόνα αναφοράς για τα όργανα της Ιταλικής Δημοκρατίας. Στη περίπτωση της Γερμανίας ο προβληματισμός και οι αντιδράσεις εκδηλώθηκαν στο εσωτερικό της γερμανικής έννομης τάξης με το Ομοσπονδιακό Συνταγματικό Δικαστήριο της Γερμανίας7 να διατυπώνει αντιρρήσεις σχετικά με το ζήτημα της υπεροχής της

By Mr. George-Sp. C. κοινοτικής έννομης τάξης και ουσιαστικά ναATHANASOPOULOS δημιουργεί τον Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, ισχυρότερο αντίλογο στη νομολογία του ΔΕΚ.

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Στην υπόθεση Solange 18 αφορμήStudent αποτέλεσε η έλλειψη ενός of the School of Architecture καταλόγου θεμελιωδών ατομικών δικαιωμάτων από μέροςof Crete της Technical University Κοινότητας. Το Συνταγματικό Δικαστήριο της Γερμανίας επεσήμανε approach: Defining the concept την1. Introductory ελλιπή προστασία των θεμελιωδών δικαιωμάτων στο κοινοτικό 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, δίκαιο και επιβεβαίωσε την αρμοδιότητα του, στο βαθμό που η ANTISTHENIS, ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise he left us, he established a great παρεχόμενη από heritage ταthe όργανα αυτά προστασία δεν ήταν ισοδύναμη the με among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. την προστασία που starts είχε with κατοχυρωθεί σεtheεθνικό επίπεδο. Οι acquisition of knowledge theindefinition content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term αντιστάσεις αυτές η area προστασία 1 (and Based, therefore, onκάμφθηκαν this “principle”μόνον inindicated a first,όταν if (in notthe final, approach, theτων term urban gentrification) is of Planning) (or gentrification 1 θεμελιωδών δικαιωμάτων στην έννομη τάξη της Ένωσης έφτασε σε gentrification (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various επίπεδο ουσιαστικά αντίστοιχο των εθνικών συνταγμάτων. Τότε το Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement of artists, ΔΕΚ άρχισε αντιμετωπίζει τα θεμελιώδη δικαιώματα ως γενικές the operation ofνα art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”,there regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has,και results also rising of land αναπόσπαστο prices (and theof αρχές του κοινοτικού δικαίου σήμερα αποτελούν whatever other consequences potential relative speculation). μέρος του κοινοτικού δικαίου.has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative speculation).

TheΑργότερα term gentrification is found at first in the in early Solange1 1960s and itεξώθησε refers to όπως ήταν αναμενόμενο η UK απόφαση The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor το ΔΕΚ ναobserved αναλάβει δράση και να people προβείtoσεbuy σειρά αποφάσεων με τις the then trend of wealthy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof οποίες καταρτίστηκε ένας κατάλογος θεμελιωδών δικαιωμάτων.

London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residentsΤο are being indirectly “squeezed”. αποτέλεσμα ήταν το 1986 το Γερμανικό Ομοσπονδιακό Συνταγματικό being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth διακήρυξε εφόσον οι Δικαστήριο την απόφαση του SollangeII A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included 9inwere the recorded work ofότι Sociologist Ruth GLASS at theμε same while similar in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major κοινότητες διέθεταν σύστημα προστασίας των θεμελιωδών cities in Western countries, ένα by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has several scholars for its more δικαιωμάτων δεν υφίσταται πλέον λόγος ελέγχου της and συμβατότητας Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for various its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the του ευρωπαϊκού δικαίου με τα θεμελιώδη δικαιώματα του comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations the phenomenon of gentrification, following: Θεμελιώδους of Νόμου. Η απόφαση αναφέρεται the μάλιστα στο γεγονός ότι interpretations of the phenomenon thecategory following: a sense, theμέλη phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trendστην of a new of social groups όλαInτα κράτη έχουν προσχωρήσει Ευρωπαϊκή Σύμβαση για to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money τα Δικαιώματα του Ανθρώπου με την έγκριση των κοινοβουλίων τους. and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the ΄Ετσι μεatcomes την απόφαση SolangeII από 1912-1940. τηtown μια centres, αφήνεται ανοιχτό τοin The term from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, Ruth search GLASS wasbetter born sense1.of safety the distributed residencies outside for Berlin, where she made her first studies.

In 1932 she published an important study entitled: ενδεχόμενο επέμβασης της εθνικής έννομης τάξης, στην περίπτωση services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for

lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, 7 she published in According 1943 studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and Das CollegeBundesverfassungericht, βλ. αναλυτικά σε action http: University of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying www.Bundesverfassungsgericht. her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. 8 and selling realCOLLINS estate,2Bvt.52/71 etc., for theSolange depreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit.

Wil. SONS AND Co Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: BVerfGE 37,271 i-decision(1974).

9 G. ALEXANDRI: Abstract. http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually BVerfGE 73, 339 2 Bvr 197/83 Solange II-decision (1986).

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

που η εξέλιξη της νομολογίας του ΔΕΚ πάψει να ανταποκρίνεται στην ανάγκη προστασίας των θεμελιωδών δικαιωμάτων, από την άλλη, όμως, αναγνωρίζεται η υπεροχή του κοινοτικού δικαίου. Η απόφαση Maastricth10 ήταν ακόμα μια υπόθεση αμφισβήτησης της υπεροχής του κοινοτικού δικαίου. Η απόφαση αυτή επιβεβαίωσε την κυριότητα των κρατών μελών έναντι των Συνθηκών, με δεδομένο

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS ότι για να ανατεθούν νέες αρμοδιότητες στη ένωση, αυτό προϋποθέτει Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, την ομόφωνη έγκριση και επικύρωση τους, από την πλευρά των

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect κρατών μελών της. Ενώ τα κράτη διατηρούν την αρμοδιότητα της Student of the School of Architecture οριοθέτησης των κοινοτικών αρμοδιοτήτων.Technical ΤούτοUniversity διότι, of όπως Crete επισημαίνεται στην απόφαση, τα κράτη μετέφεραν στην ένωση 1. Introductoryκαι approach: Definingαρμοδιότητες the concept και σύμφωνα πάντοτε συγκεκριμένες περιορισμένες 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), the ancient Greek philosopher, με ANTISTHENIS, τις συνταγματικές τους διατάξεις. Συνεπώς η ΕΕ δεν έχει ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the αρμοδιότητα να οριοθετήσει το εύρος των αρμοδιοτήτων της και βάσει among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. αυτού το Γερμανικό Δικαστήριο ότι σεcontent περίπτωση χρήσης acquisition of knowledge starts withπροειδοποιεί theindefinition the of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term της Based, Συνθήκης μεurban επιτακτικό τρόπο των ευρωπαϊκών 1 (and therefore, on this “principle” inindicated aαπό first, μέρους if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) is area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 οργάνων οι πράξεις αυτές δεν θα έχουν ισχύ στο γερμανικό κράτος. gentrification (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various

Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, Η προσέγγιση τηςrestaurants, Ελλάδας etc.

- Απόψεις μελών της Ελληνικής the operation of art galleries, However this “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences Ακαδημαϊκής Κοινότητας has, results also rising of land prices (and theof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results of landσυνταγμάτων prices (and the potential Η relative σχέση κοινοτικού δικαίου καιalso τωνrising εθνικών potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to απασχόλησε τα μέλη της ελληνικής ακαδημαϊκής κοινότητας.

The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor Όπως είναι γνωστό ηwealthy Ελλάδαpeople επικύρωσε τις ιδρυτικές Συνθήκες the then observed trend of to buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof και κάθεupgrade μεταγενέστερη τροποποίηση, τουςthere βασιζόμενη άρθρο London, them, stay themselves sometimes and thus oldστο residents are being indirectly “squeezed”.

11 28 του Συντάγματος. being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth 12 να θεωρηθεί δεδομένη υπεροχή προσέγγιση AΚατ΄άλλη description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while πρέπει similar in η other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major του δικαίου της Ένωσης των Εθνικών Συνταγμάτων, ιδίως για cities in Western countries, byέναντι other Researchers. cities inαρμοδιότητες Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue ειδικά has several scholars and for its more όσες και περιοριστικά αναφέρονται στις Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various συνθήκες. Το Ενωσιακό δίκαιο δεν υπερισχύει ούτε είναι πάνω απόmore το comprehensivethe approach are being summarized from the various interpretations phenomenon ofδικαιώματα, gentrification, thebelow, following: πολίτευμα ή of τα συνταγματικά γιατί απλούστατα καμιά interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: social groups In a sense, theof phenomenon dueof togentrification, a trend of a new σχετικά αρμοδιότητα και isκαμιά δικαιοδοσία δεν έχει of εκχωρηθεί ή to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money ανατεθεί στην ΕΕ για θέματα που αφορούν τη οργάνωση και and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the λειτουργία του πολιτεύματος μας ή για θέματα που σχετίζονται μεbetter τηνin 1.of The term from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for was born sense safety atcomes the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, where she made her first των studies.

In 1932 she published an important study entitled: οργάνωση και άσκηση συνταγματικών δικαιωμάτων. Επίσης services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, 10 she published in According 1943 studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and Bundesverfassungsgericht, 89, 155 της 12/10.93, Maastricht.

University College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public action and 11 long-term informal by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying Άρθρο 28 τουeffort Συντάγματος της for Ελλάδος. her work are characterized by a passion justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. 12 and selling real estate, etc., for the depreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit.

Wil. COLLINS SONS AND Co Ltd. London WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: Βλ. Κωνστ. ΓΕ. Αθανασόπουλος, (2010) Το2009. Δίκαιο της Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης. Νέα Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: Abstract. http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm aέκδ. variety of ways, in order to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually Αθήναι, 2010, σελ. 180.

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

ανέφερε, ότι από τις ευρωπαϊκές συνθήκες όσο και από το άρθρο 28 παρ. 3 του Συντάγματος, συνάγεται ότι στον τομέα της προστασίας και ρύθμισης των θεμελιωδών δικαιωμάτων οι εθνικές αρχές και κυρίως ο εθνικός δικαστής διατηρούν στο ακέραιο τις ρυθμιστικές και εγγυητικές αντίστοιχα δικαιοδοσίες τους. Άποψη του Σπηλιωτόπουλου 13 είναι ότι σε περίπτωση Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS σύγκρουσης μεταξύ κοινοτικού Byκανόνα και εθνικής συνταγματικής Harvard University, Graduate School of Student, διάταξης υπερέχουν μόνο εκείνοι οι κανόνες του Design, ευρωπαϊκού

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect κοινοτικού δικαίου οι οποίοι έχουν άμεση εφαρμογή. Τέτοιοι είναι Student of the School of Architecture αυτοί που παρέχουν αμέσως στα άτομα δικαιώματα απέναντιof στα Technical University Crete κράτη μέλη ή και τους ιδιώτες.

1. Introductory approach: Defining Ο Μαυριάς14 υποστηρίζει ότιtheτοconcept κοινοτικό δίκαιο βρίσκεται σε 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, αντίστοιχο επίπεδο με το Σύνταγμα, εφόσον δεν προσκρούει σε ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: BC, Athens), among other heritage he left us, he established a great the διατάξεις μεwise συνταγματική ισχύ που συγκροτούν το370 σύνολο των among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. ρυθμίσεων εκφεύγουν του the ρυθμιστικού πεδίου τωνof κοινοτικών acquisition ofπου knowledge starts with the content concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” indefinition a first, if of not final, approach, the term κανόνων.

1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban Ο Πρόεδρος της Ελληνικής Δημοκρατίας κ. Προκόπης gentrification gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various 15 τόνισε πως, στην κορυφή της έννομης τάξης βρίσκεται Παυλόπουλος Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, usually of Νόμος» low-income and thethis placement there of artists, το Σύνταγμα «θεμελιώδης οποίο οδηγεί στην καθολική the operation ofως art galleries, restaurants, etc. το However “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences results also rising ofέννομης land prices (and theof και αδιάστικτη υπεροχή του,has, εντός της εσωτερικής τάξης όπως whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative speculation). προκύπτει από το άρθρο 28 του Συντάγματος. Ανέφερε potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to χαρακτηριστικά, ότι το Σύνταγμα ως θεμελιώδης νόμος αποτελείται όχι The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor μόνον από τους κανόνες δικαίου περιλαμβάνει, αλλά από τιςof the then observed trend wealthyπου people to there buy property in και poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes and thus old residents are γενικές αρχές οι οποίες πηγάζουν από αυτό, υπερισχύει κάθε άλλου London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. κανόνα δικαίου, είτεphenomenon αυτός εντάσσεται δίκαιο Ruth είτε being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this is includedστο in theεσωτερικό work of Sociologist στους κανόνες διεθνούς δικαίου όπως ενσωματώνονται κάθε φορά A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major στηνinέννομη μας. Στην ομιλία του κάνει αναφορά στη νομολογία cities Westernτάξη countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Since then, the issue has several Επικρατείας scholars and 3242/2004 for its more που διαμόρφωσε η απόφαση τουResearchers. Συμβουλίου Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and forκαι its more 16 comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from various την (Βασικός Μέτοχος ), αφού σημείωσε την ανωτερότηταthe comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: ευχέρεια τουofεθνικού συνταγματικού νομοθέτη να θεσπίζει τέτοιες interpretations the phenomenon of thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is due togentrification, a trend of στον a new of ΕΕ social διατάξεις, ακόμα και εάν αυτές αντιβαίνουν δίκαιο της . groups to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in 13 sense1.of safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Σπηλιωτόπουλος Π.first Επαμεινώνδας (2001), Εγχειρίδιο Δικαίου Ι, Berlin, where she made her studies. In 1932 she published anΔιοικητικού important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Ενδέκατη Έκδοση, Εκδόσεις Αντ. Ν. Σάκκουλα, Αθήνα-Κομοτηνή.

Youth Unemployment.

The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for 14 and research lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car access to markets, etc.where studies in Geneva, Prague, London andΔίκαιο Neweasier York she came Αντ. back to Σάκκουλα.

London, Μαυριάς Γ. Κώστας (2000), Συνταγματικό Ι, Εκδόσεις Ν, 15 she published in According 1943 studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and Προκόπης Παυλόπουλος Πρόεδρος της Ελληνικής Δημοκρατίας, Το Σύνταγμα University College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public action and long-term informalκαι effort by organized groups,Ηmanufacturers, brokers of buying μεταξύ Ευρωπαϊκού ιεραρχία έννομης τάξης, her workΔιεθνούς are characterized by a passion forδικαίου. justice. See also: COLLINSτης ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling real estate, etc., for the depreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit.

Wil. COLLINS SONS AND Co Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: ιστοσελίδαpresidency,gr.

16 G. ALEXANDRI: Abstract. http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually ΣτΕ 3242/2004, Δ Τμήμα.

74

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

Η αντιμετώπιση του ενωσιακού δικαίου από την ελληνική δικαιοσύνη Οι απόψεις των ελληνικών συνταγματικών δικαστηρίων είναι πανομοιότυπες με αυτές των Γερμανικών και των Γαλλικών συνταγματικών δικαστηρίων. Κατά την αίτηση προδικαστικού 17 (επρόκειτο για Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS ερωτήματος προς το ΔΕΕ στην By υπόθεση 7/2/2014, Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, εξαγγελία αγοράς ομολόγων από την ΕΚΤ στα πλαίσια του

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect μηχανισμού στήριξης των υπερχρεωμένων κρατών μελών της Student of the School of Architecture ευρωζώνης). Το ερώτημα που τέθηκε στο ΔΕΕ ήταν University κατά πόσο η Technical of Crete απόφαση για αγορά ομολόγων συνιστούσε ultravires πράξη οργάνων Introductory approach: concept του ΔΕΕ θα κρινόταν το της1.Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης. Defining Από τηνthe απάντηση 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, κατά πόσο η γερμανική τράπεζα έπρεπε να συμμετέχει ή όχι σε αυτό το ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the πρόγραμμα. Ανεξάρτητα από την απόφαση του ΔΕΕ, τα γερμανικά among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. συνταγματικά δικαστήρια (παρακάμπτοντας το ΔΕΕ) αποφάσισαν ότι acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term η γερμανική τράπεζα θα“principle” μπορούσεisinindicated να αρνηθεί ναarea συμμετέχει 1 (and Based, therefore, on this a first, if (in notthe final, approach, theστο term urban gentrification) of Planning) (or gentrification 1 πρόγραμμα για βοήθεια. ΟΜΤ(OutrightMonetaryTransactions). Έτσι gentrification (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various λοιπόν το γερμανικό συνταγματικό δικαστήριο οδηγείται στο Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement there of artists, συμπέρασμα πως σε περίπτωση Συντάγματος και the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.σύγκρουσης However “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising κράτους of land prices (and theof ευρωπαϊκού δικαίου τα όργανα του γερμανικού δεσμεύονται whatever otherspeculation). consequences has,συντάγματος. results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative από τις επιταγές του γερμανικού potential relative speculation).

TheΣτο term gentrification is found at first in the in early 1960s and it refers to 18 του ίδιο μήκος κύματος βρίσκεται καιUK η απόφαση 653/2012 The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor Συνταγματικού Συμβουλίου της people Γαλλίας (Conseil Constitutionel). the then observed trend wealthy to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes and thus old residents areof Τέθηκε το ζήτημα κατά πόσον ο κυρωτικός νόμος της Συνθήκης London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. Σταθερότητας της Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης της 2.3.13 ήταν σύμφωνος με being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth τις A διατάξεις του γαλλικού τις διατάξεις description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations includedόσον inwere the αφορά work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same whileσυντάγματος similar recorded in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major αφενός του άρθρου 3 by περί εθνικής κυριαρχίας της Διακήρυξης των cities in Western countries, other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has several του scholars its more Δικαιωμάτων του Ανθρώπου και του Πολίτη 1789and καιfor αφετέρου Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various άρθρου 88 του γαλλικού συντάγματος, με βάση τις οποίες οριοθετείται comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the interpretations of the phenomenon gentrification, the following:ένωση. various το πώς η Γαλλική Δημοκρατίαofμετέχει στην Ευρωπαϊκή Κατά interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thecategory following: In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new of social groups την ερμηνεία των δύο αυτών διατάξεων το Γαλλικό Συνταγματικό to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money Συμβούλιο δέχθηκε ότι η συνθήκη κύρωσης της ΕΕ δεν μπορεί να and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: 17 of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) services Προκόπης Παυλόπουλος Πρόεδρος Ελληνικής Δημοκρατίας, Σύνταγμαfor Youth Unemployment.

The same year she left της Germany and after continuous Το movements lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London Neweasier York came to back to London, μεταξύ Διεθνούς καιin Ευρωπαϊκού δικαίου. Η and ιεραρχία τηςshe έννομης τάξης, ιστοσελίδα in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and presidency,gr.

University College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public action and 18 long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying Προκόπης Παυλόπουλος Πρόεδρος της See Ελληνικής Δημοκρατίας, ΤοDICTIONARY. Σύνταγμα her work are characterized by a passion for justice. also: COLLINS ENGLISH and selling real estate, etc., for the depreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit.

Wil. COLLINS SONS AND Co Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: μεταξύ Διεθνούς και Ευρωπαϊκού δικαίου. Η ιεραρχία της έννομης τάξης, ιστοσελίδα Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm apresidency,gr. variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

συνεπάγεται μεταβίβαση κυριαρχικών αρμοδιοτήτων του γαλλικού κράτους που σχετίζονται με δημοσιονομικά θέματα. Η επίλυση του προβλήματος βρέθηκε σε μια μέση οδό. Όσον αφορά το ΔΕΕ οι αποφάσεις του θα πρέπει να είναι όσο το δυνατόν πιο σύμφωνες με τα εθνικά Συντάγματα και από την πλευρά των εθνικών δικαστηρίων η ερμηνεία των εθνικών συνταγματικών κανόνων να είναι όσο το

By Mr. George-Sp. δυνατόν πιο σύμφωνη με το ευρωπαϊκό δίκαιο. C. ATHANASOPOULOS

Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student,

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect προστασία της Student υπεροχής του κοινοτικού of the School of Architecture Technical University of Crete

Συνταγματική δικαίου Πέραν όμως από αυτή τη σχολή υπάρχει και η σχολή των κρατών 1.

Introductory the concept μελών τα οποία approach: βλέπουν Defining πιο ευνοϊκά την υπεροχή του δικαίου της 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, Ευρωπαϊκής ΄Ενωσης.

ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: BC, Athens), among wise heritage he left us, he established a great the Οιother Κάτω Χώρες αποτελούν περίπτωση στην370οποία δεν among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. εντοπίστηκαν δυσκολίες, επειδή το definition ολλανδικό the σύνταγμα acquisition of knowledge starts with the content ofαναγνωρίζει concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if of not final, approach, the term ρητώς τηνtherefore, υπεροχή δικαίου των έναντι των εθνικών 1 (and urban Based, onτου this “principle” inindicated aσυνθηκών first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) is area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 νόμων (άρθρα 65 έως 67). Στα άλλα κράτη μέλη αρχή της υπεροχής gentrification (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various του δικαίου της ένωσης έναντι των κοινών εθνικών νόμων έχει επίσης Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement of artists, αναγνωριστεί από τα εθνικά δικαστήρια. the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”,there regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results rising of land prices theof Περισσότερο συμφιλιωμένη μεalsoτη νομολογία του(andΔΕΚ whatever other consequences results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative εμφανίζεται η speculation). απόφαση τουhas, Ισπανικού Συνταγματικού Δικαστηρίου potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to για τη Συνθήκη της Ευρωπαϊκής ΄Ενωσης. Όταν κλήθηκε να The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas of 19 ως προς την πιθανή αντίθεση με το Σύνταγμα της νέας γνωμοδοτήσει the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas of London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are δυνατότητας συμμετοχής στις δημοτικές εκλογές πολιτών London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there αλλοδαπών and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. άλλων κρατών μελών (άρθρο 8) όχι απλώς θεώρησε τη Συνθήκη αυτή being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth συμβατή με same το άρθρο 93 τουsimilar ισπανικού συντάγματος δέχθηκε A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work ofαλλά Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the while in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major επίσης πανηγυρικά τη other συνταγματικότητα του συγκεκριμένου cities in Western countries, by Researchers. cities in Western countries, byαρμοδιοτήτων other Researchers.

Since then,εξουσιών the issue και has preoccupied several scholars and for its περιορισμού των ισπανικών αρχών κιmore έτσι Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various ακολούθησε αναθεώρηση του άρθρου 13 παρ. 2 του συντάγματος comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations phenomenon of gentrification, the following: ώστε να αρθείofηthe αντισυνταγματικότητα. interpretations of the phenomenon thecategory following: In aΗsense, the phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend new of social groups Κύπρος συμφιλιώθηκε με τηνof aιδέα της υπεροχής του to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money κεκτημένου πολύ πιο εύκολα. Η ένταξη της στην ΕΕ το 2004 σήμαινε and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the αυτόματα ότιatcomes έμπαινε σε μία αποκλειστικά διακρατική συμμαχία καιin 1.of The term from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS wasbetter born sense safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, for Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, 19 she published in According 1943 studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and “Αρμοδιότητες που where ασκούνται από τιςher αρχές του Βασιλείου μπορούν να University College of London, she continued social research.

Her public action and long-term informal effort αρχές by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of και buying μεταβιβασθούν σε διεθνείς μετάfor από αμοιβαία συμφωνία μεENGLISH άλλα Κράτη στο her work are characterized by a passion justice.

See also: COLLINS DICTIONARY. and selling real estate, etc., for the depreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit.

Wil. COLLINS SONS AND Co Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: βαθμό και το μέτρο που θα προσδιορισθεί από το νόμο, με σκοπό την προώθηση Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: Abstract. http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm aδιεθνών variety of ways, in order to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually κανόνων δικαίου και συνεργασίας”.

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

αυτό θα ήταν καθοριστικός παράγοντας για την επίλυση του Κυπριακού προβλήματος. Από την ώρα που έχει ενταχθεί στο υπερεθνικό μόρφωμα που λέγεται Ευρωπαϊκή Ένωση, έχει αντιληφθεί ότι, μας επιβάλλει με σύγχρονη μορφήαρκετούς περιορισμούς. Παρά το γεγονός της ομαλής προσχώρησης της στην ΕΕ, Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS αντιμετώπισε πολύ γρήγορα τοByπρόβλημα σύγκρουσης δικαίων. Το Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, 2005 προέκυψε πρόβλημα αντισυνταγματικότητας του νόμου και δεν

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect μπορούσε να προβεί σε εκτέλεση ευρωπαϊκού εντάλματος προσώπου Student of the School of Architecture του Συντάγματος με στην Κύπρο. Οπότε προέβη στην 5η τροποποίηση Technical University of Crete την προσθήκη του 1Α20. Η 5η τροποποίηση του Κυπριακού Συντάγματος 1. Introductory approach: Defining conceptφορά στην ιστορία της, η ήταν η πλέον σημαντική, διότι γιαtheπρώτη 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, Κυπριακή Δημοκρατία εκχώρησε αρμοδιότητα σε ξένο όργανο να ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the νομοθετεί επ΄wise αυτής. among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. Αφορμή για την πέμπτη δόθηκε στις of 7 concepts. Νοεμβρίου acquisition of knowledge starts withτροποποίηση theindefinition the content Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term 2005 με την απόφαση του Ανωτάτου της Κύπρουthe στην 1 (and Based, therefore, on this “principle” inindicated aΔικαστηρίου first, if (in notthe final, approach, term urban gentrification) is area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 πολιτική έφεση Γενικός Εισαγγελέας της Δημοκρατίας v Κώστα gentrification (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Κωνσταντίνου. Η αίτηση αφορούσε πολίτη της Κυπριακής Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andένταλµα thethis placement there of artists, Δημοκρατίας του οποίου εκδόθηκε σύλληψης από τις the operation ofεναντίον art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has,εκκρεμούσε results also ποινική rising of δίωξη land prices (andτου theof δικαστικές αρχές του ΗΒ, όπου εναντίον whatever other consequences has, results also of land prices (and the potential relative αναφορικά µε speculation). αδικήματα συνωμοσίας. Τοrising Επαρχιακό Δικαστήριο potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to Λεµεσού αποφάσισε πρωτοδίκως ότι η αίτηση της Κυπριακής The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to the then observed trend of to buy property in poor areas of 21 δεν μπορούσε να Δημοκρατίας, µε βάση τιςwealthy πρόνοιες τουtoΝόμου, the then observed trend of people buy property in poor areas of London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are προωθηθεί, αφού η ενstay λόγω εναρμονιστική της London, upgrade them, themselves sometimesνοµοθεσία there and thus oldαπόφασης residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. για το Ευρωπαϊκό Ένταλµα Σύλληψης, συγκρούετο µε τη διάταξη του being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth ηwork Τροποποίηση του άρθρου 11(2) (στ) Σ, ως είχε πριν την 5 A description of this phenomenon is included in the of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major Συντάγματος. cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more Since then, the issue has several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized from comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: 20 ΑΡΘΡΟΝ 1Α Συντάγματος interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new category of social groups Ουδεμία διάταξη του Συντάγματος θεωρείται ότι ακυρώνει νόμους που to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money θεσπίζονται, πράξεις που διενεργούνται ή μέτρα που λαμβάνονται από τη Δημοκρατία τα and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the οποία καθίστανται αναγκαία από τις υποχρεώσεις της ως κράτους μέλους της 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense safety theούτε distributed residencies outside town centres, Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης εμποδίζει Κανονισμούς, Οδηγίες ή άλλες πράξεις ήstudy δεσμευτικά Berlin, where she made her first studies.

In 1932 she published an important entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) μέτρα χαρακτήρα από την Ένωση ή από τιςfor Youthνομοθετικού Unemployment.

The sameπου yearθεσπίζονται she left Germany and Ευρωπαϊκή after continuous movements lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private car access to markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London Neweasier York she came back toτους London, Ευρωπαϊκές Κοινότητες ή από τα θεσμικά τουςand όργανα ή από τα αρμόδιά σώματα in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and στη βάση των συνθηκών που ιδρύουν τιςcontinued Ευρωπαϊκές Κοινότητες ή τηνHer Ευρωπαϊκή Ένωση University College of London, where she her social research. public action and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying από ναare έχουν νομική ισχύ Δημοκρατία. her του work characterized by aστη passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. 21 and selling real estate, etc., for the depreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit.

Wil. COLLINS SONS AND Co Ltd. London The Free Encyclopedia: Περί Ευρωπαϊκού Εντάλματος Σύλληψης2009. και WIKIPEDIA: των Διαδικασιών Παράδοσης Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: Abstract. http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm aΕκζητουµένων variety of ways, in order to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually μεταξύ των Κρατών Μελών της Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης Ν. 133(Ι)/2004.

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

Με αφορμή την ανωτέρω υπόθεση η Κυπριακή Δημοκρατία προέβη στην 5η τροποποίηση του Συντάγματος και προχώρησε ένα βήμα παρά πέρα παγιώνοντας την υπεροχή της ευρωπαϊκής νομοθεσίας έναντι του Συντάγματος.

Συμπεράσματα Η ανάγνωση και μελέτηBy Mr. τωνGeorge-Sp. ανωτέρωC. ATHANASOPOULOS υποθέσεων ήταν Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, καταλύτης για να εξαχθούν τα πιο κάτω συμπεράσματα.

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Η διαφύλαξη της συνταγματικής ταυτότητας των κρατώνArchitect μελών Student of the School of Architecture αναδεύεται από το γεγονός ότι στο ευρωπαϊκό περιβάλλον λόγο έχουν Technical University of Crete τα κράτη μέλη. Τα κράτη μέλη συνδιαμορφώνουν το ευρωπαϊκό 1. Introductory Defining theΕυρωκοινοβούλιο. concept Κεκτημένο με τη approach: συμμετοχή τους στο Τα κράτη μέλη 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, έχουν τη δυνατότητα να αναβαθμίζουν συνεχώς τη θέση τους μέσα the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, επηρεάζουν he established(444 a great στηνANTISTHENIS, ευρωπαϊκή ένωση και να τα πράγματα και the τις among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. εξελίξεις, ανάλογα με with την theδύναμη που απαριθμούν στο acquisition of knowledge starts the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” indefinition a first, if of not final, approach, the term Ευρωκοινοβούλιο.

1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban Εν κατακλείδι, η μεταφορά σημαντικών τομέων της εθνικής gentrification gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various διακυβέρνησης στην Ευρωπαϊκή ΄Ενωση αποκαλύπτει πως στενεύει το Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), ofτων social groups, usually of των low-income and the placement of artists, φάσμα αρμοδιοτήτων εθνικών συνταγμάτων αφού η the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”,there regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other has, results also rising of της landΈνωσης. prices (and theof νομολογία έχει consequences θεμελιώσει την υπεροχή του δικαίου

whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof ΒΙΒΛΙΟΓΡΑΦΙΑ London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth Βιβλία: A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major Αθανασόπουλος ΓΕ. Κωνσταντίνος cities1.in Western countries, by other Researchers. (2014), Διοικητικό Δίκαιο. cities in Western countries, by other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and forΈρευνας, its more Νέα έκδοση. Εκδόσεις Κέντρου Επιμόρφωσης, Μελετών, Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various Ανάπτυξης, Αθήναι. comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the of gentrification, the following: 2. Μαυριάς Γ.phenomenon Κώστας (2000), Συνταγματικό Δίκαιο Ι, Εκδόσεις interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: In Ν, a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new category of social groups Αντ. Σάκκουλα. to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money 3. Σπηλιωτόπουλος Π. Επαμεινώνδας (2001), Εγχειρίδιο and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the Δικοικητικού Δικαίου Ενδέκατη Έκδοση, Εκδόσεις Αντ.search Ν. Σάκκουλα, 1.of The termat comes fromΙ,Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth GLASS wasbetter born in sense safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, for Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: Αθήνα-Κομοτηνή. services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public action and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

78

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Άρθρα 4. Προκόπης Παυλόπουλος Πρόεδρος της Ελληνικής Δημοκρατίας, Concerns Το Σύνταγμα μεταξύ Διεθνούς και Ευρωπαϊκού δικαίου. Η ιεραρχία της έννομης τάξης ιστοσελίδα presidency,gr.

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, Ιστοσελίδες

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS 5. Ευρωπαικό Κοινοβούλιο στην υπηρεσία Architect σας Student of the School of Architecture (www.europarl.europa.eu/atyourservice.). Θεματολογικά δελτία για τη Technical University of Crete

Ευρωπαική Ένωση.

1.6.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept Law – constitution, web.Auth.gr/files/2009 Προεπισκόπηση 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, Βιβλίου Λ. Παπαδοπούλου, σελ.299.

ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. Νομοθεσία acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term Α.

7. Σύνταγμα Κυπριακής Δημοκρατίας. ΑΡΘΡΟΝ 1area 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) is of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban gentrification) 8. Ν.

133(Ι)/2004, Περί Ευρωπαϊκού Εντάλματος Σύλληψης και gentrification is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various των Διαδικασιών Παράδοσης Εκζητουµένων μεταξύ των Κρατών Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement of artists, Μελών της Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης. the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”,there regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other Συνθήκης consequences alsoΣυντάγματος rising of land της prices (and theof 9. Σχέδιο γιαhas, τη results Θέσπιση Ευρώπης, whatever other consequences has, results also 9-10. rising of land prices (and the potential relative speculation). Ευρωπαική Συνέλευση, 18 Ιουλίου 2003, σελ potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor Νομολογία the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof 10. ΣτΕ 3242/2004,Δτμήμα.

London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”.

11. ΣτΕ 3471/2011. being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth 12.

BVerfGE 37,271 2Bvt.52/71 A description ofperiod, this phenomenon isSolange includedi-decision(1974). inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar situations in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major 13.in Western BVerfGEcountries, 73, 339 by 2 Bvr 197/83 Solange II-decision (1986). cities other Researchers. cities Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more 14. inBundesverfassungsgericht, 89, 155 της 12/10.93, Maastricht.

Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from various 15. ΔΕΚ 6/64, Flaminio Costa k. EnteNazionale per the LforEnergia comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon Elettrica (E.N.E.L.), 15.06.1964. of gentrification, the following: interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: In phenomenon is due to a trendβλ. of a new category of social 16.a sense, Das theBundesverfassungericht, αναλυτικά σε groups http: to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money www.Bundesverfassungsgericht.de. and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the 17.

Frontiniv. delle Finaze (1974).

1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense safety theMinistero distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: 18.

S.p.a.

Granital v.

Amministrazione delle Finanze dello stato services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for (1984). lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public action and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually 252179 11