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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns Τοις Εντευξομένοιςή
Μεταναστευτικές ροές και Περί Ανεξάρτητων By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Ανθρώπινα Δικαιώματα: Harvard University, Graduate School of Design,Αρχών Student, ΕτερόκλητεςByπροσεγγίσεις Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Student of the School of Architecture Technical University of Crete Του κ. Κωνστ. ΓΕ. ΑΘΑΝΑΣΟΠΟΥΛΟΥ
Καθηγητού Σχολ. Νομικών και Κοινωνικών Επιστ. 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept 1. Introductory approach: the concept (444 ΝΕΑΠΟΛΙΣ, Πανεπιστημίου ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, BC - 370 BC,Πάφος, Athens), Kε�άλαι� Ι�΄ Καθηγητού Επισκ. Μετ. Προγρ. Σπ. Αθηνών, ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BCΠανεπ. -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition heΚαθηγητού established a greatof“principle”: Ομοτ. ΠΑΝΤΕΙΟΥ Π.Κ.Π.Ε.,the acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. �ι Ανε�άρτητες Aρ�ές acquisition of knowledge starts definition the content of concepts. Exwith Ch.the L. in U. Bruxelles, Ex. Int. I.I.A.P., Paris Based, therefore, on this “principle” aL.first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Α. Γενική πρ�σέγγιση Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, from this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, of low-income andthe theremoval placement Ο αρχαίος Έλληνusually κυνικός Φιλόσοφος ΑΝΤΙΣΘΕΝΗΣ, μας there κληροδότησε �ι Ανε�άρτητες(∆ι�ικητικές) Αρ�ές, (Independent ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, theσπουδαία operation επιστημονική of art galleries,«αρχή»: restaurants, etc.σοφίας However this “change”, regardless μία «Αρχή ονομάτων επίσκεψις», ενώof Regulators-Agencies, Quangos, Authorites Administratives the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof ο ΑΡΙΣΤΟΤΕΛΗΣ Independantes, διετύπωσε την άποψη, Administrativas ότι «ΟρισμόςIndependientes), ουσίας τινός Autoridades µε whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative speculation). γνωρισμός». την τρέ��υσα µ�ρ�ή τ�υς, ανάγ�υν την γένεσή τ�υς στις αρ�ές potential relative speculation). TheΜε term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refersενto βάση, λοιπόν, αυτές τις επιστημονικές προτροπές, παρατίθενται τ�υ 20�υ (Η.Π.Α.), δεin η early σύστασή τ�υς σεitareas διά��ρα The term gentrification isαιώνα found atpeople first inέκτ�τε the UK 1960s and refersofto the then observed trend of wealthy to buy property in poor συνεχεία οριοθετήσεις μερικών βασικών εννοιών, υπεισερχομένων στοareas υπό of Κράτη γενικευθεί, της Ελλάδ�ς περιλαµ�αν�µένης. the then observed trend of wealthy people to there buy property in poor London, upgrade them, stayέ�ει themselves sometimes and thus old residents are διαπραγμάτευση θέμα: Πρόσφυγες στην Κύπρο και ανά τον Κόσμο. Ωςstay λ�γ�ι λειτ�υργίας των Ανε�άρτητων Αρ�ών London, upgrade them, themselves sometimes there and(∆ι�ικητικών) thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. Ανθρώπινα δικαιώματα. being indirectly “squeezed”. έ��υν επιστρατευθεί η ε�ασ�άλιση της δια�άνειας περί την διαA description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth χρόνου λόγος θα είναι A Ελλείψει description of thisοphenomenon is αποσπασματικός. included inwere the work ofηSociologist Ruth �είριση δια��ρων �ητηµάτων, �π�υ απαιτείται τήρηση GLASS at the same period, while similar situations recorded in otherλεπτών major Σπεύδω να σημειώσω, ευθύς εξ αρχής, were ότι είναι τα σε φαινόμενα της GLASS at the same period, while similar situations recorded in other major ισ�ρρ�πιών, τις �π�ίες ενδε��µένως δεν θέση να ε�ασ�αcities in Western countries, by other Researchers. προσφυγιάς καιthe της μετανάστευσης εμφανίζονται ακόμη cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. λίσει η ∆ηµ�σια ∆ι�ίκηση ήseveral η Π�λιτική Ηγεσίακαι τ�υ σε Κράτ�υς, (π.�. Since then, issue has scholars and forπρώϊμες its more εποχές της ανθρώπινης ιστορίας, ενώ π.χ. κατά τον προηγούμενο αιώνα, οι Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more πρ�στασία ατ�µικών δικαιωµάτων των Π�λιτών, π�λυ�ωνία στ� comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various Ηνωμένες Πολιτείες, η Μεγάλη Βρετανία και η Γερμανία υπεδέχθησαν πλήθος comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various �ώρ� των ΜέσωνofΜα�ικής Επικ�ινωνίας, πρ�στασία τ�υ υγι�ύς interpretations of the phenomenon gentrification, the following: ατόμων, (40.000.000 ψυχές, οι πρώτες, οι Η.Π.Α.). interpretations the phenomenon of thecategory following: ανταγωνισµ�ύ, απ�τρ�πή κατα�ρηστικής εκµετάλλευσης δεσπ�In a sense, theof phenomenon is due togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups Κατά την σύγχρονη περίοδο, η Ευρώπη είναι ο πλέον επιθυμητός ��υσας θέσης εντ�ς της εσωτερικής αγ�ράς εν�ς Κράτ�υς κ.ά.) to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money προορισμός προσφύγων της Ασίας, της Αφρικής, κ.ά. περιοχών. Με δεδ�µένη την πρ�σωπική και λειτ�υργική ανε�αρτησία and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of των the Μελών των Ανε�άρτητων (∆ι�ικητικών) Αρ�ών ετέθηfor τ�better θέµαin Κατά τους καιρούς, όπως γνωρίζετε, οι search πληθυσμιακές term from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth GLASS was born sense1.ofThe safety atcomes theσυγχρόνους distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, where she made herπ�σ�ν first studies. In 1932 important entitled: κατά η πρ��λεπ�µενη, είτε υπ�an Συνταγµάτων, είτε υπ� μετακινήσεις οφείλονται ή συνδέονται, με she τηνpublished οικονομική κατάσταση της services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”,study (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for ν�µων, ανε�αρτησία αυτών των Αρ�ών δεν εγκυµ�νεί κινδύν�υς χώρας προέλευσης, (υπανάπτυξη, μεγάλα ποσοστά ανεργίας κ.ά.),etc.where με lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, ασυδ�σίας και κατα�ρηστικής ¨α�ι�π�ίησης¨ κατά την ενάσκηση εμφύλιες ή published διακρατικές περιφερειακές συγκρούσεις, ήsheμε επιθυμία in According 1943 she studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 teacher in the to another approach, the is due tobecame aτην systematic and University informal College of των London, where she continued her social research. Her public and σ�ετικών επί π�ικίλλων θεµάτων συνα�ών αρµ�δι�τήτων. αναζήτησης καλλίτερης τύχης σεκαι άλλους τόπους. long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers ofaction buying her work are characterized by τ�υ a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. Επί τελευταί�υ σηµεί�υ ανα�έρεται εδώ σειρά σκέψεων Ενδεικτικώς ότι ο πληθυσμός του πλανήτη αυξάνεται and selling realCOLLINS estate,σημειώνεται, etc., for the depreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Co Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: τ�υ Εισηγητ�ύ της Κ�ιν���υλευτικής Πλει�ψη�ίας (ΠΑΣ�Κ) κατά 250.000 ψυχές την ημέρα. G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually Στην περιοχή μας, δηλαδή στην λεκάνη της Μεσογείου, μέχρι το έτος 2521 311 2025 η αύξηση του πληθυσμού, των έξι μεσογειακών Κρατών Μελών της 253 249 Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης, θα ανέλθει σε 5.500.000 ψυχές, ενώ η αύξηση του πληθυσμού στις χώρες του Μεσογειακού Νότου θα προσεγγίσει τα 107.000.000!
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect κατά την αναθεώρηση τ�υ Συντάγµατ�ς τ� έτ�ςStudent 2001, � of �π�ί�ς the School of Architecture ετ�νισε και τα ε�ής: Technical University of Crete �ι Ανε�άρτητες (∆ι�ικητικές) Αρ�ές καταδεικνύ�υν µία �αθεία κρίση τ�υ δηµ�κρατικ�ύ �αιν�µέν�υ, συνδε�µενης µε 1. Introductory approach: Defining the ως concept 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept την ANTISTHENIS, κάµψη των δηµ�κρατικών αντανακλαστικών, α��ύ η(444 Εκτελεthe ancient Greek philosopher, BC - 370 BC, Athens), στική Ε��υσία ανα�ητά υπ�κατάσταση ή ��ήθεια απ� θεσµ�ύς, ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the �πως �ι Αρ�ές αυτές. among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the Άραγε, δεδ�µέν�, η “principle” Π�λιτική Ε��υσία έ�ειif of απ�δε�θεί acquisition of knowledge starts with the the content of concepts. Based, µε therefore, on�τι this indefinition a first, not final, approach, the term 1 (and Based, therefore, onσεthis “principle” inindicated aδια�ανής, first, if (in not final, approach, the term την αδυναµία της να είναι �ρισµέν�υς τ�µείς α�ι�πιurban gentrification) is the area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification στη και απ�τελεσµατική, (π.�. τ�µείςof Επικ�ινωνίας, Sociology as well), as the “refining” a city area, theανταγωνιremoval from this, (in various Sociology as well), asενέργειας the “refining” of city area, removal fromthere this, of (inartists, various σµ�ύ, κε�αλαιαγ�ράς, κ.ά.), �ι aΑνε�άρτητες (∆ι�ικητιways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe the placement ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, κές) Αρ�ές είναι α�’εαυτών ικανές, υπ� τ�ν ν�µικ� µανδύα, υπ� the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless τ�ν �π�ί� συγκρ�τ�ύνται και λειτ�υργ�ύν, να πρ�σ�έρ�υν α�ι�whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the πιστες λύσεις; potential relative potential relative speculation). Ανε�αρτήτως αυτών, �ι Ανε�άρτητες Αρ�ές, (ήτ�ι1960s and it refers to The term gentrification is found at(∆ι�ικητικές) first in the UK in early Theν�µικά term gentrification found atpeople firstειδική in the UK in early and itareas refersofto κρατικά µ�ρ�ώµατα, ασκ�ύν και 1960s the then observed trend τα ofis�π�ία wealthy toδι�ικητική buy property in poor the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy τυπική property in poor areas κυ�ερνητική αρµ�δι�τητα, µη of ενσωµατωµένα στην συνήθη London, upgrade them, stay themselves and thus old residents areof London, them, stay themselves sometimes and thus old residents are ιεραρ�ία τηςupgrade Εκτελεστικής Ε��υσίας), διακριν�µενες σε there δύ� µεγάbeing indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”. λες κατηγ�ρίες έ��υν κ�ινών �αρακτηριστικών. A description of σειρά this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth A description ofperiod, this is situations included work of Sociologist Ruth �ι δύ�atκατηγ�ρίες είναιphenomenon εκείνη πέντε Αρ�ών,in �ιthe �π�ίες GLASS the same while των similar were recorded in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. πρ��λέπ�νται ευθέως υπ� τ�υ ισ�ύ�ντ�ς Συντάγµατ�ς, (Αρ�ή cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Εθνικ� Researchers. Since then, the issue∆εδ�µένων, has several scholars Πρ�στασίας Πρ�σωπικών Συµ��ύλι� Ράδι�- and for its more Since then, issue has preoccupied several scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from Τηλε�ρασης, Αρ�ήthe Πρ�στασίας τ�υ απ�ρρήτ�υ των τηλεπικ�ινωcomprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: νιών, Ανώτατ� Συµ��ύλι� Επιλ�γής Πρ�σωπικ�ύ, Συνήγ�ρ�ς τ�υ interpretations the Αρ�ών, phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups Π�λίτη), και εκείνη των �ιis �π�ίες είναι δυνατ�ν να συνιto “return” to the(ενδεικτικώς city, leavingανα�έρ�νται the purlieusηfor several Ανταγωreasons: high costs in money στώνται µε ν�µ�, Επιτρ�πή and time to travel from theΕνέργειας, purlieus toη downtown, where work place is, lack of the νισµ�ύ, η Ρυθµιστική Αρ�ή Επιτρ�πή Κε�αλαιαγ�The termΕπιτρ�πή from Sociologist Ruth και GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1. safety atcomes the distributed residencies outside town centres, search ράς, η of Εθνική Τηλεπικ�ινωνιών Τα�υδρ�µείων, � Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services ofΚαταναλωτή health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Συνήγ�ρ�ς κ.ά.). Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where Σε σ�έση µε τα �αρακτηριστικά των Ανε�άρτητων (∆ι�ικητιstudies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, in 1943 she published studies regarding city planning. In 1950 she became teacher in the According to another approach, the phenomenon is due to a systematic and κών) Αρ�ών ανα�έρ�νται συν�πτικώς τα ε�ής: University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying �ιwork Αρ�ές κρατικάby �ργανα, τ�υ ιεραρ�ικ�ύ her are είναι characterized a passionεκ�εύγ�νται for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling real estate, etc., for theCoυπ�κείµενα depreciation initially part of the urban web, in ελέγ��υ τηςWil. Κεντρικής ∆ι�ίκησης, σε of έλεγ�� 10th edit. COLLINS SONS AND Ltd. Londonµ�ν�ν 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G.ενεργειών ALEXANDRI: Abstract. http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety ofτων ways, in order toυπ� achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually ν�µιµ�τητας τ�υς των ∆ικαστηρίων.
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect �ι Αρ�ές έ��υν ευρύ �άσµα απ��ασιστικών αρµ�δι�τήτων επί Student of the School of Architecture �ωτικής σηµασίας τ�µέων της κ�ινωνικής, �ικ�ν�µικής �ωής κ.ά. Technical University of Crete Τα Μέλη των Αρ�ών διαθέτ�υν, ως ελέ�θη, πρ�σωπική και λειτ�υργική ανε�αρτησία, (µεconcept �,τι αυτ� συνεπάγεται). 1. Introductory approach: Defining the 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept Υπ� τ� κράτ�ς αυτών των �αρακτηριστικών, Ανε�άρτητες ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC - 370�ιBC, Athens), (∆ι�ικητικές) Αρ�ές, ως νέ� ¨εργαλεί�¨ δι�ικητικής �ργάνωσης τ�υ ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great “principle”: the Κράτ�υς, ��είλ�υν να ¨εναρµ�νί��υν¨ την δράση τ�υς πρ�ς among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. τις άλλες ¨συνιστώσεις¨ των συγ�ρ�νων Π�λιτειακών ∆�µών, acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the(∆ηµ�term Κράτ�ς ∆ικαί�υ, κ.ά.) 1 (and κρατία, Based, therefore, on this “principle” inΚράτ�ς a first,Πρ�ν�ιας if (in notthe final, approach, the term urban gentrification) is indicated area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 Τ�ύτ�, άλλως τε, επι�άλλει και η �ύση των π�ικίλλων gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom area of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal this, (inαρµ�δι�various τήτων των Ανε�άρτητων (∆ι�ικητικών) Αρ�ών δεδ�µέν�υ, �τι Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, αυτές usually είναι καν�νιστικές, �αρακτήρα, δικαστικέςways), of social groups, of low-income and thethis placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.δι�ικητικ�ύ However “change”,και regardless of επίλυση δια��ρών, επι��λή κυρώσεων, πρ�στίµωνκ.ά. the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof Τέλ�ς, σε σ�έση τ�ν έλεγ�� και τ� of κ�στ�ς εν γένει δραwhatever otherspeculation). consequences has, µε results also rising landτης prices (and the potential relative στηρι�τητας των Ανε�άρτητων (∆ι�ικητικών) Αρ�ών, τίθεται τ� potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to ερώτηµα της (ενδε��µενης) υπαγωγής της υπ� τ�ν έλεγ�� Σώµατ�ς, The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor (π.�. αντιστ�ί��υ τ�υ sometimes Σώµατ�ςto Επιθεωρητών/ Ελεγκτών ∆ηµ�σιας the then observed trend of wealthy people buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves there and thus old residents areof ∆ι�ίκησης, Υπηρεσίας sometimes Εσωτερικ�ύthere Ελέγ��υ κ.ά.),old καθώς και are τ� London, upgrade them, stay themselves and thus residents being indirectly “squeezed”. �ήτηµα της περιστ�λής των σ�ετικών δαπανών υπ� τις παρ�ύσες being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth 1 συνθήκες. A description of this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same period, while similar in other major
GLASS at the same period, situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, bywhile othersimilar Researchers. Β. �ι ισ�ύ�υσες ρυθµίσεις, ιδίως scholars επί των Συνταγµατικώς πρ�cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. Since then, the issue has preoccupied several and for its more �λεπ�µένων Αρ�ών. Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various Αρ�ή πρ�στασίας πρ�σωπικών δεδ�µένων. comprehensive approach are being summarized from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thebelow, following: έ�ει δικαίωµα πρ�στασίας τη συλλ�γή, επε�εργαinterpretations the Καθένας phenomenon of theαπ� following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is due togentrification, a trend of a new category of social groups σία και �ρήση, ιδίως µε ηλεκτρ�νικά µέσα, των πρ�σωπικών τ�υ to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money δεδ�µένων, �πως ν�µ�ς �ρί�ει. Η πρ�στασία των πρ�σωπικών and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the απ� Ανε�άρτητη Αρ�ή, π�υ centres, συγκρ�τείται και λειτ�υρtermat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS was born in sense1.ofThe safety theδεδ�µένων distributed residencies outside town for better Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she9Α) published an important study entitled: γεί, �πως ν�µ�ς �ρί�ει (άρθρ� services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, 1. Τ�approach, έτ�ς 2011 τ�the κ�στ�ς λειτ�υργίας κατ’ Αρ�ή ανήρ�ετ� (ενδεικτική in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another is due a systematic and : Αρ�ή πρ�στασίας πρ�σωπικών δεδ�µένων 2.339.500 ευρώ. University informal College of ανα��ρά) London, where she continued her social research. Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying Αρ�ή διασ�άλισης απ�ρρήτ�υ 9.051.500 ευρώ.Ανώher work are characterized by a passion τ�υ for justice. See των also:επικ�ινωνιών COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCo depreciation initially of partευρώ. of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: τατ� Συµ��ύλι� Επιλ�γής Πρ�σωπικ�ύ 8.442.800 Συνήγ�ρ�ς ΚαταG. ALEXANDRI: Abstract. http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually ναλωτή 1.525.000 ευρώ κ.ά.
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Εθνικ� Συµ��ύλι� Ραδι�-Τηλε�ρασης2 Student of the School of Architecture ** 2.Η ραδι��ωνία και η τηλε�ραση υπάγ�νται στ�νTechnical άµεσ� University of Crete έλεγ�� τ�υ Κράτ�υς. � έλεγ��ς και η επι��λή των δι�ικητικών κυρώσεων υπάγ�νταιapproach: στην απ�κλειστική 1. Introductory Defining αρµ�δι�τητα the concept τ�υ Εθνι1. Introductory approach: Defining theΑνε�άρτητη concept (444 κ�ύANTISTHENIS, Συµ��υλί�υ Ραδι�τηλε�ρασης π�υ είναι Αρ�ή, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC - 370 BC, Athens), �πως ν�µ�ς �ρί�ει. � άµεσ�ς έλεγ��ς τ�υ Κράτ�υς, π�υ λαµ�άνει ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the και τη µ�ρ�ή τ�υ καθεστώτ�ς της πρ�ηγ�ύµενης άδειας, έ�ει ως among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the σκ�π� την αντικειµενική µε“principle” ίσ�υς µετάδ�ση πληρ���acquisition of knowledge starts with�ρ�υς theindefinition the content of concepts. Based, therefore, onκαι this a first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 ριών και ειδήσεων, καθώς και πρ�ϊ�ντων τ�υ λ�γ�υ καιthe τηςarea Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in not final, approach, the term (and urban gentrification) of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban τέ�νης, τηνas ε�ασ�άλιση της π�ι�τικής τωνthe πρ�γραµµάgentrification gentrification) indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology well), as the “refining” ofστάθµης a cityisarea, removal (in various των, π�υ επι�άλλει η κ�ινωνική απ�στ�λή της ραδι��ωνίας και Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, της τηλε�ρασης η π�λιτιστική ανάπτυ�η �ώρας, καθώς ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement of artists, the operation ofκαι art galleries, restaurants, etc.της However “change”,there regardless of και τ� σε�ασµ� της α�ίας τ�υ ανθρώπ�υ και την πρ�στασία της the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof παιδικής ηλικίας και της νε�τητας (άρθρ� 15). also rising of land prices (and the whatever other consequences has, results potential relative speculation).
potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to Αρ�ή διασ�άλισης τ�υ απ�ρρήτ�υ επικ�ινωνιών The term gentrification foundτων atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor 1. Τ� απ�ρρητ� των επιστ�λών και της ελεύθερης ανταπ�κριthe then observed trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old residents areof σης ή επικ�ινωνίας µε �π�ι�νδήπ�τε άλλ� sometimes τρ�π� είναιthere απ�λυτα London, upgrade them, stay themselves and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. απαρα�ίαστ�. Ν�µ�ς �ρί�ει τις εγγυήσειςisυπ� τις �π�ίες η ∆ικαbeing indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon included in the work of Sociologist Ruth στική Αρ�ή δεν δεσµεύεται απ� τ� απ�ρρητ� για λ�γ�υς εθνικής A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major ασ�άλειας ή για διακρί�ωση ιδιαίτερα σ��αρών εγκληµάτων. GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. **2.Ν�µ�ς �ρί�ει τα σ�ετικά τη συγκρ�τηση, τη λειτ�υργία cities in Western countries, byµε other Researchers. Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more και τις αρµ�δι�τητες Ανε�άρτητης Αρ�ής, π�υ διασ�αλί�ει τ� from Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, απ�ρρητ� της παραγρά��υ 1. comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: **3.Απαγ�ρεύεται η phenomenon �ρήση απ�δεικτικών µέσων, έ��υν interpretations the the following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of aπ�υ new category of social groups απ�κτηθεί κατά παρά�αση τ�υ άρθρ�υ αυτ�ύ και των άρθρων 9 to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money και (άρθρ� 19). from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the and9Α time to travel 1. The term from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense of safety atcomes the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: Συνήγ�ρ�ς τ�υ Π�λίτη services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. same year left Germany and continuous movements for **9.Ν�µ�ς �ρί�ει ταThe σ�ετικά µε from τηshe συγκρ�τηση και τιςafter αρµ�lower living cost of, “withdrawal” private car easier access markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came to back to London, δι�τητες «Συνηγ�ρ�υ τ�υ Π�λίτη»,the π�υ λειτ�υργεί in According 1943 τ�υ she published studies regarding city planning. In ως 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, phenomenon is Ανεdue a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public and �άρτητη Αρ�ή (άρθρ� 103). by long-term informal effort organized groups, manufacturers, ofaction buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling real estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. COLLINS SONS AND London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: 2. Με δύ�Wil. αστερίσκ�υς δηλών�νται ταLtd. σηµεία της αναθεώρησης τ�υ The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety ofτ�υ ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually Συντάγµατ�ς έτ�υς 2001.
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Ανώτατ� Συµ��ύλι� Επιλ�γής Πρ�σωπικ�ύ Student of the School of Architecture **6.Πρ��λεπ�µενες ή διατηρ�ύµενες στ� University ν�µ� 2190/1994, Technical of Crete �πως αυτ�ς ισ�ύει, ε�αιρέσεις απ� την αρµ�δι�τητα τ�υ Ανώτατ�υ Συµ��ύλι�υ Επιλ�γής Πρ�σωπικ�ύ ε�ακ�λ�υθ�ύν να ισ�ύ1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept �υν (άρθρ� 118) ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens),
ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the Άλλες ρυθµίσεις among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the απ�with τ� Σύνταγµα πρ��λέπεται η συγκρ�τηση και η λειacquisition of knowledge starts theindefinition the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on�π�υ this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 τ�υργία Ανε�άρτητης Αρ�ής, τα µέλη της δι�ρί��νται µε �ρισµένη Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term (and urban gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and και διέπ�νται απ� πρ�σωπική και λειτ�υργική ανε�αρτηgentrification urban gentrification) isarea, indicated (in the areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), asθητεία the “refining” of a city the removal from (in various σία, �πως ν�µ�ς �ρί�ει. Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, Ν�µ�ς �ρί�ει τα σ�ετικά µε τηνthe επιλ�γή και την υπηρεσιακή ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of κατάσταση τ�υ επιστηµ�νικ�ύ και λ�ιπ�ύ πρ�σωπικ�ύ της Υπηthe operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof ρεσίας, π�υ �ργανώνεται υπ�στήρι�η λειτ�υργίας whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, resultsγια alsoτην rising of land της prices (and the potential relative κάθε Ανε�άρτητης Αρ�ής. Τα πρ�σωπα, π�υ στελε�ών�υν potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers τις to Ανε�άρτητες Αρ�ές πρέπει ταearly ανάλ�γα �πως The term gentrification found atpeople first in να the UK in 1960s and itareas refers the then observed trend ofiswealthy toέ��υν buy property inπρ�σ�ντα, poor ofto ν�µ�ς �ρί�ει. Η επιλ�γή τ�υς to γίνεται απ��αση ∆ιάσκεψης the then observed trend of wealthy people buy µε property inτης poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof των Πρ�έδρων της Β�υλής και µεthere επιδίω�η ή πάντως London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes and συµ�ωνίας thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. µε την αυ�ηµένη πλει�ψη�ία των τεσσάρων πέµπτων των µελών being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth της. σ�ετικά µε την διαδικασία επιλ�γής �ρί��νται απ� τ�ν A description of thisΤαphenomenon is situations included inwere the work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same period, while similar recorded in other major Καν�νισµ� της Β�υλής. GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. Με τ�ν της Β�υλής επίσης, �σαmore α��cities in Western countries, byΚαν�νισµ� other Researchers. Since then, the issue has preoccupied severalρυθµί��νται, scholars and for its ρ�ύν στη σ�έση Ανε�άρτητων Αρ�ών µε την Β�υλή και � τρ�π�ς Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various 3 άσκησης τ�υ κ�ιν���υλευτικ�ύ ελέγ��υ. comprehensive approach are being summarized from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thebelow, following: interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the ΜΑΚΡΙ∆Η heart of the (possibly) 3. Άλλα θέµατα �λ. : Ε. ΜΠΕΣΙΛΑ: � city”, Ν.2477/1997 για τ�ν Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for Συνήγ�ρ� τ�υ Π�λίτη δεν ενισ�ύει την Κ�ινωνία των Π�λιτών και δεν lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc. studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back to London,κατ�where �υρώνει τηνregarding ανε�αρτησία τ�υ θεσµ�ύ. ΕΠΙΘΕΩΡΗΣΗ in According 1943 she published studies city planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the phenomenon is due aΑΠ�ΚΕΝΤΡΩΣΗΣ, systematic and ΑΥΤ�∆Ι�ΙΚΗΣΗΣ ΚΑΙ ΠΕΡΙΦΕΡΕΙΑΚΗΣ ΑΝΑΠΤΥ�ΗΣ University informal College of Τ�ΠΙΚΗΣ London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, ofaction buying her work are characterized byΥπευθ. a passion for justice. See also: ENGLISH DICTIONARY. (Επιστ. Καθηγητής Κωνστ. ΓΕ. COLLINS ΑΘΑΝΑΣ�Π�ΥΛ�Σ). Αθήναι, and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part: of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS Ltd. 2009. WIKIPEDIA: Free Encyclopedia: 1997, τ.9 σ.AND 12 επ�µ. Μ. Γ.London ΒΕΝΕΤΣΑΝ�Π�ΥΛ�Υ ΗThe θεσµική διαδρ�µή της G. ALEXANDRI: Abstract. http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order ∆ηµ�σιας to achieve the “assisted”, (actually Ελληνικής ∆ι�ίκησης. Αθήναι, 2002,“voluntary”, σ.296. 2521 711
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