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ΕΥΡΩΠΑΪΚΗ ΟΛΟΚΛΗΡΩΣΗ : GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, ΑΛΥΣΙΤΕΛΕΙΣ ΡΥΘΜΙΣΕΙΣ, ΕΤΕΡΟΚΛΗΤΕΣ ΠΡΑΚΤΙΚΕΣ .

Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification ConcernsΤης κυρίας Γεωργίας ΜΕΗ

Πτυχ. Πολιτ. Επιστ. και Δημόσ. Διοίκησης (Κατεύθυνσης Διεθνών και Ευρωπαϊκών Σπουδών)

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS του Εθνικού και Καποδιστριακού Harvard University, GraduateΠανεπιστημίου School of Design,Αθηνών Student, Φοιτήτριας ΣχολήςByΝομικών και Κοινωνικών Επιστημών Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Student of theΝΕΑΠΟΛΙΣ, School of Architecture του Πανεπιστημίου Πάφος Technical University of Crete

Πριν από 61 χρόνια Defining ξεκίνησεthe στη Ρώμη η πορεία της ενωμένης 1. Introductory approach: concept Ευρώπης. Πρωταρχικός στόχος Αγορά η 1. Introductory approach: Defining theΚοινή concept ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek η philosopher, (444 BCκαι - 370απώτερος BC, Athens), Ευρωπαϊκή ολοκλήρωση. Το ευρωπαϊκό οικοδόμημα επεδίωξε να ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great “principle”: the among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a great the εξασφαλίσει στους Ευρωπαίους πολίτες μιαofυψηλή ποιότητα ζωής και acquisition of knowledge startshe with the content of“principle”: concepts. acquisition ofαίσθημα knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts. γενικευμένο ασφάλειας.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 (and urban Based, therefore, this “principle” inindicated a φτάνουν first, if (in notthe final, approach, term gentrification) is area of Planning) (or gentrification Σήμερα, όμως,on οι αντοχές του στα όριά του.theΤην 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various τελευταία περίοδο η Ευρώπη έχει δεχθεί τους κλυδωνισμούς τριών Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income placement μεγάλων κρίσεων: Της θεσμικής του 2005and μεthe την αποτυχίαthere του σχεδίου ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of για «Σύνταγμα τηςgalleries, Ευρώπης». Της οικονομικής του 2010, με regardless την κρίση the operation of art restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof του ευρώ. Τηςspeculation). πολιτικο-κοινωνικής του την prices έκρηξη του whatever other consequences has, results also2015, rising με of land (and the potential relative προσφυγικού – μεταναστευτικού. Σε αυτές προστέθηκε αργότερα και η potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to The term found first in the UK μίσους in early 1960s and itareas refersofto έκρηξη της gentrification τρομοκρατίας με at τις επιθέσεις σε ευρωπαϊκές the then observed trend ofiswealthy people to buy property in poor the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas πρωτεύουσες.

London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old residents areof London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. Τα ερωτήματα είναι επίκαιρα όσο και αμείλικτα . Χρειαζόμαστε being indirectly “squeezed”.

A descriptionΕυρώπη; of this phenomenon is included in theνα work of Sociologist Ruth περισσότερη Με ποιο τρόπο πρέπει προχωρήσουμε την A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major Ευρωπαϊκή ολοκλήρωση; GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. Ηin Western Ευρωπαϊκή Ένωση δείχνει στα μάτια πολλών Ευρωπαίων cities countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more αναποτελεσματική. Ένας γραφειοκρατικός οργανισμός αδύναμος να Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for various its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the δώσει λύσεις στην ανεργία, στην ανέχεια, σε φοβίες. Ωστόσο, για τα comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: interpretations of the phenomenon thecategory following: περισσότερα αυτά τα isπροβλήματα ηofΕ.Ε., αλλά οι In a sense, theαπό phenomenon dueof togentrification, a trendδεν of a ευθύνεται new social groups αποτυχίες των εθνικών κυβερνήσεων, που συχνά χρεώνουν στην to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money and time to travelτων fromΒρυξελλών» the purlieus toτα downtown, where place is, lack the «ευρω-κρατία αρνητικά και work πιστώνονται οι of ίδιες 1.of The term from Sociologist RuthοGLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruthαπαιτήσεις GLASS for wasbetter born in sense safety atcomes the distributed residencies outside town centres, search τα θετικά. Όλα αυτά , την ώρα που φόβος μπρος στις και Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health,της education, entertainment “at heart of the city”, προόδου (possibly)for τις ανατροπές παγκοσμιοποίησης καιthe της τεχνολογικής Youth Unemployment.

The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc.where studiesφέρει and research Geneva, Prague, London and New York sheΕυρωπαϊκό came back to London, έχουν στηνinεπιφάνεια δυνάμεις ξένες με το Ιδεώδες: in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and λαϊκισμό, μισαλλοδοξία και κακώς εννοούμενο εθνικισμό.

University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, ofaction buying her work characterized byαυτές a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. Οι arereal δυνάμεις «μπόλιασαν» τον ήδη υπαρκτό and selling estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. COLLINS SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: ευρωσκεπτικισμό, μετατρέποντάς τον σε σκληρό αντιευρωπαϊσμό. Η G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

απόφαση των Βρετανών για Brexit αποτελεί δείγμα τέτοιας εξέλιξης. Έτσι, από την Ευρώπη της διεύρυνσης περάσαμε στη συρρίκνωση. Από την ολοκλήρωση στην αποδόμηση. Το Brexit θα μπορούσε να ενθαρρύνει και σε άλλα κράτη τις δυνάμεις του αντιευρωπαϊσμού. Ευτυχώς, στην Ολλανδία η ορμή του αντιευρωπαϊκού εθνικισμού απομακρύνθηκε. Δεν ηττήθηκε όμως

By Mr.σε George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS οριστικά. Η επόμενη μάχη δόθηκε χώρα εμβληματική για την Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, ενωμένη Ευρώπη, τη Γαλλία. Η Ουγγαρία η Αυστρία και η Student, Ιταλία

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect παρεκκλίνουν σε δρόμους φυγόκεντρουςStudent . Η επικράτηση του λαϊκισμού of the School of Architecture και των μυωπικών εθνικών ανταγωνισμών θαTechnical αποβεί University τραγωδία για of Crete όλους.

1. Introductory approach: Defining the Ίσως μερικοί αναρωτηθούν: Μαconcept για ποια Ευρώπη μιλάμε; Την 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancientκρίσης, Greek philosopher, Ευρώπη της οικονομικής της λιτότητας, της ύφεσης, της ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wiseπροβληματικού heritage he left us, he established a great the ανεργίας; Του ευρώ; Του άλυτου προσφυγικού και among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. μεταναστευτικού; Την Ευρώπη της τρομοκρατίας και acquisition of knowledge starts withτης theανασφάλειας, the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” indefinition a first, if of not final, approach, the term της Based, αναποτελεσματικής κοινής εξωτερικής πολιτικής καιapproach, άμυνας; 1 (and urban therefore, on this “principle” inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, the term gentrification) is area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 Η υπογράφουσα εντάσσεται ανάμεσα σε αυτούς που gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom areathis, of πιστεύουν, Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal (in various ότι όλα αυτά τα προβλήματα προέκυψαν ως αποτέλεσμα «λιγότερης» Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement of artists, Ευρώπης. the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”,there regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also of landβρήκε pricesτην (andΟΝΕ theof Η οικονομική κρίση που χτύπησε την rising Ευρωζώνη whatever otherspeculation). consequences results also rising (and the potential relative μισή. Ελλειμματική. Μόνον ωςhas, «Νομισματική» και of όχιland ωςprices πραγματική potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s it refers to «Οικονομική Ένωση». Τη στιγμή της διαμόρφωσής της, and αντί για το The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor πολιτικό θάρρος, trend επικράτησε η people χαμηλών προσδοκιών άποψη να the then observed wealthy to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes and thus old residents areof προχωρήσει μόνον νόμισμα και there όχι and η κοινή London, upgrade them,το stayκοινό themselves sometimes thus oldοικονομική residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. πολιτική, που θα το στήριζε. being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth όχι εύκολα, έγινανinwere βήματα ενίσχυσης της A Μετά description ofκρίση, this phenomenon is situations included the work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at theτην same period, while similar recorded in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major Ευρωζώνης. cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Since then, the issue scholars and for its more Χρειάζονται όμωςhas και άλλα.Researchers. Όπωςseveral η ολοκλήρωση της Τραπεζικής Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for various its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the Ένωσης και ένα ευρωπαϊκό σύστημα ασφάλισης καταθέσεων. comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: Αργότερα πρέπει να αποφασισθεί η μετατροπή του Ευρωπαϊκού interpretations of the phenomenon of thecategory following: In a sense, the phenomenon isσε dueΕυρωπαϊκό togentrification, a trend of aΝομισματικό new of social groups Μηχανισμού Σταθερότητας, Ταμείο, ώστε to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money η Ευρωζώνη να απαλλαγεί από το Διεθνές Νομισματικό Ταμείο. Επίσης, and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the πρέπει να εξετασθεί η residencies πρόταση για Ευρωπαϊκό Υπουργείο 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS wasbetter born in sense safety the distributed outside town centres, for Berlin, where sheκαι made her first studies. In 1932 sheώστε published an important study entitled: Οικονομικών ενιαίο προϋπολογισμό, να μπορεί η Ευρωζώνη services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for να αντιμετωπίζει υφεσιακές κρίσεις, που πλήττουν τρόπο lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private easier access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car New York she came to back toμε London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning.

In 1950 sheto became teacher in the ασύμμετρο μεμονωμένα κράτη. Ισχυρή Ευρωζώνη σημαίνει ανάπτυξη, to another approach, the is due a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying νέες θέσεις εργασίας και μια πιο δίκαιη κοινωνικά Ευρώπη. her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

Περισσότερη Ευρώπη, όμως, χρειάζεται και για την αντιμετώπιση του προσφυγικού – μεταναστευτικού. Η προσφυγική κρίση βρήκε την Ευρωπαϊκή Ένωση ανέτοιμη: χωρίς συγκροτημένη ευρωπαϊκή πολιτική ασύλου. Χωρίς συγκροτημένη πολιτική φύλαξης και διαχείρισης των ευρωπαϊκών συνόρων. Χωρίς μηχανισμούς αποτελεσματικής εφαρμογής της οικονομικής και επιχειρησιακής Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS κοινοτικής αλληλεγγύης, προςByκράτη «υποδοχής» και «πρώτης Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, γραμμής» όπως αυτά του Ευρωπαϊκού νότου.

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Ποιά είναι όμως τα θεωρητικά μοντέλα , στα οποία βασίστηκε η Student of the School of Architecture Ευρωπαϊκή ολοκλήρωση και πόσο επίκαιρα είναι; Είναι University δυνατόν ofαυτά Technical Crete να μας ‘χαρίσουν’ αυτή την περισσότερη Ευρώπη την οποία 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept χρειαζόμαστε;

1. Introductory approach: the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among«ΛΕΙΤΟΥΡΓΙΣΜΟΣ» other wise heritage- he left us, he established(444 a great the D. Mitrany among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. Οι σύγχρονοι μελετητές πολιτικής ολοκλήρωσης οφείλουν acquisition of knowledge starts with the the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” indefinition a first, if of not final, approach, the term σημαντικό πνευματικό χρέος στην εύνοια τουif λειτουργισμού, η the οποία, 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” inindicated a first, notthe final, approach, term gentrification) is (in area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 όπως έχει υπαινιχθεί ο Johan K. De Vree, παρείχε μία εναλλακτική gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal (in various επιλογή στις παραδοσιακές νομικές έννοιες του κράτους και της Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), ofκυριαρχίας social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement there of artists, εθνικής . Δεσπόζουσα θέση λειτουργισμό καταλαμβάνει the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.στο However “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever has,τα results alsoτου rising of land prices (and theof η εργασίαother του consequences D. Mitrany , που γραπτά επηρέασαν βαθειά τους whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative μεταγενέστερους της Ευρωπαϊκής Ολοκλήρωσης. Ο Mitrany potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960sπερίοδο and it refers to δημοσιοποίησε τις σχετικές απόψεις του στην του The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor μεσοπολέμου, όπως και στα χρόνιαpeople που ακολούθησαν το in Β’ poor Παγκόσμιο the then observed trend wealthy to there buy property areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes and thus old residents areof Πόλεμο.

London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. Υπογράμμισε ότι, η αύξουσαis πολυπλοκότητα των κυβερνητικών being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon included in the work of Sociologist Ruth συστημάτων διεύρυνε ουσιαστικά τεχνικά, μη recorded πολιτικά A description ofperiod, this phenomenon isτα included inwere the work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar situations inκαθήκοντα other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major που inαντιμετωπίζουν κυβερνήσεις. Τέτοια καθήκοντα όχι μόνο cities Western countries,οι by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has several σε scholars for its αλλά more απατούν εξαιρετικά καταρτισμένους ειδικούς εθνικόand επίπεδο, Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various ταυτόχρονα συνεισφέρουν έμμεσα στην εμφάνιση ουσιαστικών comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, theηfollowing: τεχνικών προβλημάτων σε διεθνές επίπεδο ,που λύση τους βρίσκεται interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thecategory following: social groups In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new μάλλον στη συνεργασία ανάμεσα σε τεχνικούς και όχι στηofσυνεργασία to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money μεταξύ των πολιτικών ελίτ. Η αύξηση του ειδικού βάρους που έχουν τα and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the ο αιώνα, λέγεται ότι έχει καταστήσει τεχνικά ζητήματα στον 20 1.of The term from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense safety atcomes the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, where she made her firstσχετικών studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: αναγκαία τη δημιουργία πλαισίων διεθνούς συνεργασίας. Οι services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for λειτουργικές αυτού του είδους μπορεί καιto αναμένεται ότι lower living costοργανώσεις of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding city planning.

1950 she teacher in the θα επεκταθούν τόσο σε αριθμόthe όσο και σεInπεδίο δράσης καθώς τα to another approach, phenomenon is due tobecame a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying τεχνικά προβλήματα που αντιμετωπίζει το ανθρώπινο είδος her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part the urban web,οι in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: μεγαλώνουν και σε έκταση καιLondon σε 2009. μέγεθος. Ως of αποτέλεσμα, G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

οργανώσεις λειτουργικής συνεργασίας μπορούν πραγματικά να ξεπεραστούν ή να καταστούν περιττές για τους πολιτικούς θεσμούς του παρελθόντος. Στη θεωρία του Mitrany περιέχεται ένα δόγμα «διακλαδώσεων» (ramifications) σύμφωνα με το οποίο η ανάπτυξη συνεργασίας σε ένα τεχνικό πεδίο οδηγεί σε ανάλογη συμπεριφορά σε άλλα τεχνικά πεδία.

Byτομέα Mr. George-Sp. ATHANASOPOULOS Η λειτουργική συνεργασία σε έναν γεννά μιαC.αισθητή ανάγκη για Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, λειτουργική συνεργασία σε έναν άλλον τομέα .

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Η προσπάθεια να δημιουργηθεί ‘Κοινή αγορά’, π.χ. προκαλεί Student of the School of Architecture πιέσεις για περαιτέρω συνεργασία σε τιμές, επενδύσεις, μεταφορές Technical University of Crete ,ασφαλίσεις, φόρους, μισθούς, κοινωνική ασφάλιση, τραπεζικές 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept εργασίες και νομισματική πολιτική. Ο Mitrany δεχόταν ότι η 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient θα Greek philosopher, λειτουργική δραστηριότητα μπορούσε να επαναπροσανατολίσει τη ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the διεθνή δραστηριότητα και να συμβάλλει στην παγκόσμια ειρήνη. among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. Πραγματικά, η συνεργασία αυτή θα μπορούσε να οικειοποιηθεί, ή acquisition of knowledge starts with thein definition the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term ακόμη καιtherefore, να απορροφήσει, τον πολιτικό τομέα. οapproach, λειτουργισμός 1 (and Based, on this “principle” inindicated a first, if (in notΈτσι, final, the term urban gentrification) is the area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 έρχεται σε οξεία και με έμφαση αντιπαράθεση με τη «Ρεαλιστική gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal (in various Θεωρία», που δίνει έμφαση στον ανταγωνισμό και τη σύγκρουση ως Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), ofανsocial groups, usually of low-income and the placement of artists, κύριο, όχι κυρίαρχο, χαρακτηριστικό της διεθνούς πολιτικής the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”,there regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever otherο consequences has,όπως resultsυπαινίσσονται also rising of land (and και theof .Απεναντίας λειτουργισμός, οι prices P.Taylor whatever other consequences has, results also of landότι prices (and the potential relative speculation).

A.J.R.Groom , “αρχίζει με την αμφισβήτηση τηςrising υπόθεσης, το κράτος potential relative speculation). term gentrification is found at firstτου in the UKότι in early and it refers to δενThe αποδέχεται την υποβάθμισή και τα 1960s συμφέροντα των The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor κυβερνήσεων επικρατούν, και ακολούθως προς την ενεργό the then observed trend wealthy people toπροχωρεί buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof θεώρηση των σχημάτων για συνεργασία προσανατολισμένος London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes.Είναι there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. προς την ειρήνη επιζητεί να isαποφύγει πλαίσιο νίκηbeing indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of και this phenomenon included inτο theαδιέξοδο work of Sociologist Ruth ήττα”.

A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major GLASS at the same period, situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, bywhile othersimilar Researchers. cities in Western countries, by other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has preoccupied «ΝΕΟΛΕΙΤΟΥΡΓΙΣΜΟΣ»E.Haas several scholars and for its more Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars andthe for its more comprehensive approach are being summarized from various Ο νεολειτουργισμός αντιπροσωπεύει τονbelow, πνευματικό απόγονο comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: του λειτουργισμού. Η κύρια συνεισφορά του έγκειται στην interpretations of the phenomenon of thecategory following: In a sense, theτη phenomenon is dueκαι togentrification, a τον trendέλεγχο of a new of socialμε groups επεξεργασία, τροποποίηση των σχετικών την to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money ολοκλήρωση υποθέσεων. Στα κείμενα της νεολειτουργικής and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the κατεύθυνσης περιλαμβάνονται εργασίες των E.Haas, L.in 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

RuthP.Schmitter, GLASS for wasbetter born sense safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, search Berlin, whereJ.she made her first studies.

In 1932 she published an important study entitled: Lindeberg, Nye, R. Keohane, L. Scheineman . services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for Πολλοί, όμως από τους συγγραφείς της τάσης του lower living cost όχι of, in “withdrawal” from private easier access markets, etc. studies and research Geneva, όλοι Prague, London and car New York she came to back to London, where in According 1943 she published studies regarding city planning.τους In 1950 sheto became teacher in the νεολειτουργισμού, εστιάζουν την προσοχή δημιουργία και to another approach, the phenomenon is στην due a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying την εξέλιξη της Ευρωπαϊκής κοινότητας . her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

Σε αντίθεση με τις εργασίες των Deutch και Etzioni που είχαν περισσότερο συγκριτικό χαρακτήρα, η εργασία του Haas εξετάζει ειδικές περιπτώσεις, τις οποίες αναλύει με την χρησιμοποίηση ενός λεπτομερούς επεξεργασμένου θεωρητικού πλαισίου, στην εργασία του για την ΕΚΑΧ, όπου ο Haas δέχεται αξιωματικά, ότι η απόφαση προσχώρησης στη διαδικασία ολοκλήρωσης ή εναντίωσης σε αυτή,

By Mr. George-Sp. ATHANASOPOULOS εξαρτάται από τα προσδοκούμενα οφέλη ή τις C. αναμενόμενες ζημίες Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, από την πλευρά των μεγάλων ομάδων μέσα στην μονάδα που

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect πρόκειται να ολοκληρωθεί.

Student of the School of Architecture Αντί να στηριζόμαστε σε ένα πρότυπο ολοκλήρωσης που δέχεται Technical University of Crete αξιωματικά ορισμένα “αλτρουιστικά” κίνητρα ως ρυθμιστικούς 1. Introductory Defining the concept περισσότερο λογικό να παράγοντες τηςapproach: συμπεριφοράς, φαίνεται 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, theτην ancient Greek philosopher, συγκεντρώσουμε προσοχή μας στα συμφέροντα που ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the προασπίζονται από αυτούς ως πολύ σύνθετα για BC να -“principle”: αποδοθούν με among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. τόσο απλούς όρους όπως “η επιθυμία της Γαλλο-Γερμανικής ειρήνης” ή acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term “η Based, βούληση γιαurban μια ενωμένη Ευρώπη”. δέχεται, ότιterm η 1 (and therefore, on this “principle” inindicated a first, ifΟ(in notHaas final, approach, the gentrification) is the area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 ολοκλήρωση προχωρεί ως αποτέλεσμα των ενδιαφερομένων ελίτ του gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal (in various κυβερνητικού και του ιδιωτικού τομέα, που υποστηρίζουν την Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and placement of artists, ολοκλήρωση για πρακτικούς παρά γιαthe αλτρουιστικούς λόγους. the operation ofμάλλον art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”,there regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices theof Οι ελίτ που προσδοκούν οφέλη από τη δραστηριότητα μέσα(and σε ένα whatever other consequences has, results risingνα of land prices (andκαι the potential relative speculation). υπερεθνικό οργανωσιακό πλαίσιο είναιalso πιθανό αναζητήσουν potential relative speculation).

Theαπό termτα gentrification is found at first UK in early 1960s and it πέρα εθνικά σύνορα τους ελίτin μεthe ανάλογες προσδοκίες . refers to The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor Ο observed Haas προσπάθησε να people επεξεργαστεί λεπτομερώς μιαof the then trend wealthy to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes and thus old residents are λειτουργική θεωρία για themselves την ολοκλήρωση. Ασκώντας στον London, upgrade them, stay sometimes there and thusκριτική old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”.

Mitrany επειδή υποτίμησε την σημασία του στοιχείου της “ισχύος”, ο being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth HaasAδέχεται, ότιofηperiod, ισχύς δεν μπορεί να διαχωριστεί απόofτην ευημερία . description this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major Αφούin ελάχιστοι άνθρωποι θέτουν ως αντικειμενικό τους σκοπό την cities Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issueη has andένας for its more επιδίωξη της ισχύος, ισχύς πρέπει να several οριστείscholars “απλά ως βολικός Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various τρόπος για την περιγραφή των βίαιων μέσων που χρησιμοποιούνται comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: για την πραγματοποίηση των σκοπών της ευημερίας”. Ωστόσο, ο Haas interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thecategory following: In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new of social groups προχώρησε περισσότερο υποστηρίζοντας, ότι “διεθνή προγράμματα, to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money εξειδικευμένα από λειτουργική άποψη ή οργανωσιακά διαχωρισμένα and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the από1.διάχυτους προσανατολισμούς, τόσο την ευημερία termat comes from Sociologist Ruth μεγιστοποιούν GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS wasbetter born in sense ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, for Berlin, where she ολοκλήρωση”. made her first studies.

In 1932 she published an important study entitled: όσο και την Τέτοια προγράμματα ενθαρρύνουν την services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for δημιουργία οργανισμών οποίων “οιcar εξουσίες και αρμοδιότητες lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private easier access to markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva,των Prague, London and New York she cameοι back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding city planning. In με 1950 sheto became teacher του in the διευρύνονται σε the αντιστοιχία την επέκταση to προοδευτικά another approach, phenomenon is due a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying συνειδητού καθήκοντος ή σε αντιστοιχία με την ανάπτυξη των her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

ακούσιων συνεπειών που προκύπτουν από τις προηγούμενες αντιλήψεις περί καθήκοντος. Επιπλέον οι κυβερνητικές δραστηριότητες που είναι προσανατολισμένες προς την ισχύ μπορούν να προσανατολιστούν σε δράση προσανατολισμένη προς την ευημερία. Εφόσον οι δρώντες αντιλαμβάνονται, ότι τα συμφέροντά τους εξυπηρετούνται καλύτερα

By Mr.οργανισμό, George-Sp. C. με την ένταξή τους σε ένα ευρύτερο η ATHANASOPOULOS μάθηση συμβάλλει Harvard University, Graduate School of Design,και Student, στην ολοκλήρωση. Οι αντιλήψεις του ίδιου συμφέροντος της

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect ευημερίας εκλεπτύνονται. Ο Haas Student προχωρεί περαιτέρω στο of the School of Architecture συμπέρασμα: “τα μαθήματα της ολοκλήρωσης που παίρνει ο ένας of δρών Technical University Crete σε ένα λειτουργικό πλαίσιο, μπορούν να μεταφερθούν σε άλλα πλαίσια 1. Introductory έτσι approach: Defining the concept υποσκελίζοντας τη διεθνή πολιτική“ .

1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient philosopher, Κρίσιμη σημασία για Greek την ολοκλήρωση έχει η “προοδευτική ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established great the πολιτικοποίηση των σκοπών των δρώντων, πουa θεωρήθηκαν αρχικά among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. «τεχνικοί» «μη αμφιλεγόμενοι». Οι δρώντες πολιτικοποιούνται, acquisition ofήknowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term ισχυρίζεται Haas,onεπειδή απαντώντας αρχικούς τεχνικούς 1ο Based, therefore, this “principle” inindicated a first,στους if (in notthe final, approach, the term (and urban gentrification) is area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 σκοπούς “συμφωνούν να θεωρήσουν το φάσμα των μέσων που gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal (in various εξετάζονται ως κατάλληλα της επίτευξής τους” .

Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), social groups, of low-income and the placement there of artists, Σεofσχέση με τηνusually λειτουργική πρόταση, ότι ο προσανατολισμός the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever consequences has, results also rising of land prices (andτης theof προς τηνother ευημερία επιτυγχάνεται πιο άμεσα αφήνοντας το έργο whatever otherspeculation). consequences results also risingή of land prices (and the potential relative διεθνούς ολοκλήρωσης στουςhas, εμπειρογνώμονες ομάδες τεχνικών, ο potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to Haas επισημαίνει δύο όρους : The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then trend ofiswealthy to buy property poor 1. observed Οι ομάδες αυτές που προέρχονται ένα inin περιφερειακό the then observed trend wealthy people to there buyαπό property poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes and thus old residents areof πλαίσιο, όπως ηthem, Δυτική ή η Κεντρική Ευρώπη, είναι πιο London, upgrade stay themselves sometimes there and thus oldπιθανό residentsνα are being indirectly “squeezed”. πετύχουν την Ευρωπαϊκή ολοκλήρωση από ό,τι μία οργάνωση με being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth αντιπροσώπους από τον κόσμο.

A description of thisόλο phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same period, while similar in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major Οι εμπειρογνώμονες, δεν είναι υπεύθυνοι έναντι ουδενός cities in2.Western countries, by otherπου Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has several,ότι scholars and for its more σε εθνικό επίπεδο, μπορούν να διαπιστώσουν οι συστάσεις τους θα Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various αγνοηθούν. Επομένως υποδείχνει, ότι οι έμπειροι manager λειτουργικά comprehensive approach are being summarized from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thebelow, following: εξειδικευμένων εθνικών γραφειοκρατικών δομών, που ενώνονται για interpretations the phenomenon of thecategory following: a sense, theof phenomenon is dueμια togentrification, a συγκεκριμένη trend of a new of social να Inικανοποιήσουν από κοινού ανάγκη, είναι groups πολύ to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money πιθανό να αποδειχτούν οι πιο αποτελεσματικοί φορείς της and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the ολοκλήρωσης.

1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin,Οwhere sheαναδιατυπώνει made her first studies.

Inλειτουργική 1932 she published an important study entitled: Haas τη πρόταση έτσι, που να services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for διαβάζεται: “ηof,διεθνής προχωρεί πιο γρήγορα απόetc.την lower living cost “withdrawal” from private car access to markets, studies and research in Geneva,ολοκλήρωση Prague, London and Neweasier York she came back to London, where in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning.

In 1950 sheto became teacher in the αφοσίωση προς την ευημερία, μέσα από οποία τα to another approach, the isμέτρα due aτα systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying επεξεργάστηκαν εμπειρογνώμονες, που ήταν ενήμεροι των πολιτικών her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

συνεπειών του έργου τους και αντιπροσωπευτικά των ομογενών και συμμετρικών κοινωνικών συνόλων, δημοσίων ή ιδιωτικών”. Έτσι και πάλι ο Haas αποδέχεται τη λειτουργική πρόταση, ότι οι πολιτικές νομιμότητες είναι αποτέλεσμα της ικανοποίησης από την επιτέλεση σημαντικών λειτουργιών από κυβερνητικούς φορείς. Βασική προϋπόθεση όμως γι’ αυτό είναι, οι πολίτες να είναι νομιμόφρονες

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS απέναντι σε μερικές αρχές ταυτόχρονα, ώστε υπάρξει μία βαθμιαία Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, μεταφορά νομιμότητας σε διεθνείς οργανισμούς που επιτελούν

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect σημαντικό έργο.

Student of the School of Architecture Ο Haas αποδέχεται την πρόταση αυτή, με την προειδοποίηση, ότι Technical University of Crete δεν είναι δυνατόν να ισχύει, εάν η διαδικασία ολοκλήρωσης 1. Introductory Defining concept επηρεάζεται απόapproach: έθνη στα οποίαthe αποδίδονται πρότυπα γοήτρου ή 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, ancient Greek philosopher, παραδοσιακή ή καιthe χαρισματική ηγεσία .

ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. «ΟΜΟΣΠΟΝΔΙΣΜΟΣ» acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term Η ομοσπονδιακή σχολή σκέψης, αποφασιστικά 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” inindicated a(που first,εντάσσεται if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) is area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 στις τάσεις του ιδεαλισμού), αντιλαμβάνεται την gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom areathis, ofευρωπαϊκή Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal (in various ολοκλήρωση με νομικούς και θεσμικούς όρους. Για τους Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there ofπαρά artists, ομοσπονδιστές, ηgalleries, ολοκλήρωση είναι ένα τελικό προϊόν, the operation of art restaurants, etc.μάλλον However this “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof μια διαδικασία. Αντιπροσωπεύει την πολιτική ένωση μεταξύ περιοχών, whatever other consequences has, results rising of land prices (and the potential relative speculation). που ήταν προηγουμένως κυρίαρχες και also ανεξάρτητες, όπως αυτή που potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found των at first in theκαι UK της in early 1960s and it refers to επιτεύχθηκε στις περιπτώσεις Η.Π.Α. Ελβετίας, προτείνουν The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor την τουtrend ομοσπονδισμού, τόσο to σεbuy περιφερειακό ,όσο και σε the υιοθέτηση then observed wealthy sometimes people in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves thereproperty and thus old residents areof παγκόσμιο επίπεδο, υπεύθυνο για πολέμους London, upgrade them,και stayθεωρούν themselvesως sometimes there andτους thus old residentsτο are being indirectly “squeezed”. “αναρχικό” σύστημα των εθνών-κρατών. Ακόμη απορρίπτουν την being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth άποψη, ότιsame οofperiod, ομοσπονδισμός σε παγκόσμιο επίπεδο είναι A description this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the while similar in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major ανεφάρμοστος και ουτοπικός. Πιστεύουν ότι, με τη συζήτηση και τη cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Since then, the issue has several scholars for its more μόρφωση, αρκετοί άνθρωποι θα Researchers. πειστούν, ότι πρέπει ναand υιοθετηθεί ένα Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various λογικό σχέδιο για το συντονισμό και τη διακυβέρνηση της comprehensive approach are being summarized from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thebelow, following: ανθρωπότητας. interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In aΌμως sense, το theof phenomenon isτων dueof togentrification, a trend ofτης a new of social groups οπλοστάσιο επικριτών ομοσπονδιακής σκέψης to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money είναι εντυπωσιακό και θα πρέπει για το λόγο αυτό να παραθέσουμε and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the την 1.of αρνητική για τη αυτή. Οι τηςin The termat comes from Sociologist Ruthθεωρία GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruthεπικριτές GLASS for wasbetter born sense safety theκριτική distributed residencies outside town centres, search Berlin, where sheτην made her first studies.ικανότητα In 1932 she published anνα important study entitled: αμφισβητούν οποιαδήποτε κράτους καταστείλει την services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for ένοπλη σύρραξη υποστηρίζουν, ότι ηcar ομοσπονδιακή κυβέρνηση lower living cost of, και “withdrawal” from private easier access markets, etc.δεν studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came to back to London, where in According 1943 να she ανταποκριθεί published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning.

In 1950 sheto became teacher που in the μπορεί στις ανάγκες των σύγχρονων κοινωνιών, to another approach, the is due a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying μεταβάλλονται και διευρύνονται συνεχώς. Η ικανοποίηση των her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling real estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part της of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. COLLINS SONS AND Ltd.τη London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: ανωτέρω αναγκών προϋποθέτει συνεχή επέκταση δικαιοδοσίας G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

και των εξουσιών της κυβερνήσεως και για το λόγο αυτό οι εγγενείς περιορισμοί λειτουργίας της υπερεθνικής ομοσπονδιακής αρχής αποτελούν τροχοπέδη στην εκτέλεση του δυσχερούς έργου της. Τέλος, η εμμονή των κρατών να διατηρήσουν αλώβητη την κυριαρχία τους και η αφοσίωση των ατόμων στο εθνικό κράτος, που δυσχεραίνει τον αποπροσανατολισμό των δεσμών τους προς μια

By Mr.λειτουργούν George-Sp. C.αποσαθρωτικά ATHANASOPOULOS υπερεθνική μετακρατική οντότητα, στο Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, υπέδαφος διεθνούς οργανώσεως και το καθιστούν ακατάλληλο για τη

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect θεμελίωση του ομοσπονδιακού οικοδομήματος .

Student of the School of Architecture Technical University of Crete

«ΣΥΝΑΙΝΕΤΙΚΗ ΣΥΝΟΜΟΣΠΟΝΔΙΑ»-Wessels 1. Introductory Defining the concept Εκτός απόapproach: το νεολειτουργικό και τα υποδείγματα της 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS,τέσσερα the ancient Greek αλληλεξάρτησης, είναι ταphilosopher, άλλα επικρατέστερα υποδείγματα ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage left us,εξέλιξη he established a great the για την ανάλυση, αλλά καιhe για την της Ε.Ε. among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. Α. Το διακυβερνητικό/Συνομοσπονδιακό. acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term Β. Τοtherefore, Ομοσπονδιακό.

1 (and urban Based, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban gentrification) Γ. Του Συνεργατικού Ομοσπονδισμού. gentrification indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal (in various Δ. Της Συναινετικής Συνομοσπονδίας.

Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), social groups, usually of low-income and placement there of artists, Τοof διακυβερνητικό υπόδειγμα έλκει τηνthe καταγωγή του από την the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also of land (and theof ρεαλιστική σχολή των διεθνών σχέσεων και rising αποτελεί ένα prices διαπιστωτικό whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, resultsστη also εκ rising land prices (and the potential (ex post)relative υπόδειγμα, καθώς βασίζεται τωνofυστέρων εμπειρία potential relative speculation).

Theτηterm gentrification at first the UK in early 1960sτων and itΔιεθνών refers to από λειτουργία τωνis found θεσμών τηςin Ε.Ε. Στο επίπεδο The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor Σχέσεων παρουσιάζει μία ‘μονολιθική’ εικόνα τουproperty διεθνούςinσυστήματος the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old residents areof κρατών με τις κυβερνήσεις να έχουνsometimes τον πρωταρχικό London, upgrade them, stay themselves there andκαι thusτον old τελευταίο residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. λόγο στη λήψη“squeezed”. αποφάσεων.is included Στο διακυβερνητικό υπόδειγμαRuth το being indirectly A description ofτων this phenomenon in the work of Sociologist Ευρωπαϊκό (Ε.Κ.) και το Δικαστήριο των Ευρωπαϊκών A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the Κοινοβούλιο same while similar in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major Κοινοτήτων (Δ.Ε.Κ.) θαbyείναι cities in Western countries, otherπερισσότερο Researchers. διακοσμητικού χαρακτήρα cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Since then, issue has severalθα scholars and for its more όργανα και οιthe αποφάσεις του Researchers. Συμβουλίου απαιτούν συναίνεση Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the (ομοφωνία) ,στη βάση του χαμηλότερου κοινού παρονομαστή. various comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: υπόδειγμα Από τηνof άλλη πλευρά το ‘αυστηρό’ ομοσπονδιακό interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, μια theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups αποτελεί ουσιαστική αντιστροφή του διακυβερνητικού to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money υποδείγματος με το Ε.Κ. σε κυρίαρχη θέση, την Ευρωπαϊκή Επιτροπή and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the σε ρόλο κυβέρνησης και το residencies Συμβούλιο σε ρόλο νομοθετικού 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS wasbetter born in sense safety the distributed outside townδεύτερου centres, for Berlin, where sheυπόδειγμα made her firstτου studies.

In 1932 she published an important study entitled: σώματος. Το συνεργατικού ομοσπονδισμού βασίζεται services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for στην έννοια διπλής νομιμοποίησης, δηλαδή και to του – lower living costτης of, in “withdrawal” from private easier access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car New York she came back toκράτους London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding city planning.

1950 sheto became teacher in the μέλους αλλά και της ένωσης, όλες οι κρίσιμεςInαποφάσεις λαμβάνονται to another approach, the phenomenon is due a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her research. brokers Her public and long-term effort by organized manufacturers, ofaction buying από κοινού από το Συμβούλιο και groups, το Ε.Κ. . social Η κατ’ αναλογία εφαρμογή her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for the depreciation initially of partομοσπονδιακό of the urban web, in 10th edit.

Wil. SONS AND Co Ltd. London WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: του εν λόγω υποδείγματος, διαφέρει από2009. το αυστηρό G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

98

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification πρότυπο του διττού ομοσπονδισμού τύπου ΗΠΑ, λόγω της έλλειψης Concerns ενιαίου Δήμου στο επίπεδο της ένωσης, δηλαδή βάσης νομιμοποίησης

αλλά και συντάγματος.

By Mr. συνομοσπονδία George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Εξάλλης πλευράς η συναινετική έχει δύο βασικά Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, χαρακτηριστικά :

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect A. Aναφέρεται στη διαδικασία Student επίλυσης συγκρούσεων του of the School of Architecture συστήματος.

Technical University of Crete B. Διαθέτει ιδιότυπες ιδιότητες της δομικής του υπόστασης.

1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept με τη Διακυβερνητική Η όλη αναθεωρητική λειτουργία 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, Συνδιάσκεψη του 1996 δεν μπορεί παρά να αναφέρεται στο ευρύτερο ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the πλαίσιο ανάλυσης της συναινετικής συνομοσπονδίας. among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. Χρησιμοποιώντας την ορολογία τουdefinition Forsyth (1981), θεωρούμε ότι η acquisition of knowledge starts with the the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if of not final, approach, the term σημερινή Ε.Ε. βρίσκεται σε μια σχοινοβασία -‘inthe limbo’-μεταξύ 1 (and Based, therefore, on this “principle” inindicated a first, if (in not final, approach, theμιας term urban gentrification) is area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 Ομοσπονδιακής ένωσης κρατών (Ο.Ε.Κ.) και ενός Ομοσπονδιακού gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal (in various κράτους, ένα είδος θεσμικά ελεγχόμενου πλουραλισμού, δηλαδή μια Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, usually ofτην low-income thethis placement there of artists, κατάσταση πραγμάτων κατά οποία τοand κεντρικό πολιτικό σύστημα the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has,σε results also rising υποστηριζόμενη of land prices (and theof και τα κράτη-μέλη ευρίσκονται μία αμοιβαίως θέση whatever other consequences has,χρειάζεται results alsoτο rising of για landτην prices (and the potential relative speculation). συμβίωσης, όπου το ένα μέλος άλλο επιβίωσή potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to του.

The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in τη poor Η Ευρώπη ακολουθεί μια φάση αποσύνθεσης αυτή δεδομένη the then observed trend wealthy people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes and thus old residents areof στιγμή. Ο τρόπος οποίο sometimes αντιμετωπίζει ταthus ζητήματα που London, upgrade them,με stayτον themselves there and old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. ανακύπτουν, μερικά από τα οποία είναι μείζονα, δεν παραπέμπει being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth καθόλου σε same χώρες, που είναιsimilar διατεθειμένες να σεmajor μία A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the συνυπάρξουν work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the while recorded in other GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major κοινήin Ένωση. Η αντιπαλότητα είναι έντονη και ξεπερνά τα εθνικά cities Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, by other Researchers.

Since then,χωρών the issue has preoccupied scholars and for its more συμφέροντα που αποφάσισαν ναseveral συμβιώσουν.

Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from Ενδόμυχα, η Ευρώπη γνωρίζει, ότι είναι «δημιούργημα» της comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of theτην phenomenon of πολέμου, gentrification, following: γενιάς που έζησε φρίκη του και the θέλησε να δημιουργήσει interpretations the phenomenon of thecategory following: a sense, theof phenomenon is due togentrification, a trend ofΤα a new of social groups τιςInπροϋποθέσεις να μην την ξαναζήσει. φαντάσματα, όμως, του to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money παρελθόντος καραδοκούν και κάποια επανεμφανίζονται. Είτε and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the πρόκειται γιαatcomes ιδεολογικά ρεύματα, είτε για εθνικιστικές πολιτικές.

1.of The term from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth GLASS for wasbetter born in sense safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, search Berlin,Γι’αυτό, where sheπαρά made her first studies.της In 1932 sheπαρά published an important study entitled: τη γηραλέα όψη, τα μόλις 61 της χρόνια, services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for πρέπει να research διατηρήσουμε ζωντανή τηνand πορεία της ολοκλήρωσης. Ίσως lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private car access markets, etc. studies and Geneva, Prague, London Neweasier York she came to back to London, where in According 1943 να she γίνουν published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning.

In 1950 sheto became teacher the πρέπει πολλές διορθώσεις στις Ευρωπαϊκές πολιτικές, γιαin να to another approach, the is due a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying προχωρήσουν μαζί τα Ευρωπαϊκά Έθνη. Και το πράγμα επείγει. Τρόποι her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling real estate, theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: υπάρχουν. ΟιCOLLINS καιροίetc., ου for μενετοί.

G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

252199 11

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

ΒΙΒΛΙΟΓΡΑΦΙΑ

100

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student,

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Student of the School of Architecture Technical University of Crete

1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept 1. Introductory approach: the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, Κωνστ. ΓΕ. Αθανασόπουλος: Το Δίκαιο της Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης.

ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great Νέα Έκδοση. Εκδ. Κέντρο Επιμ. Μελετ. Έρευν. Ανάπτ. Αθήναι, 2010. the among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the J.E of Dougherty, R.L with Pfaltzgraff, JR: Ανταγωνιστικές θεωρίες acquisition knowledge starts theindefinition the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term Διεθνών Σχέσεων, Β Τόμος. Εκδόσεις Παπαζήση, Αθήνα 1992.

1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term (and urban gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban gentrification) Π.Κ. Ιωακειμίδης: Ευρωπαϊκή ένωση. Θεμέλιο, gentrification isarea, indicated (in theΕκδόσεις areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityπολιτική the removal from (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Αθήνα 1995. ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, etc. However “change”, regardless of Ν. Μαραβέγιας, Μ.restaurants, Τσινισιζέλης: Η ολοκλήρωση της Ευρωπαϊκής the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless of whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the Ένωσης, Εκδόσεις Θεμέλιο, Αθήνα 1995. whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potentialΘ.relative speculation). Κουλουμπής: Διεθνείς σχέσεις, Εξουσία και Δικαιοσύνη. potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to Εκδόσεις Παπαζήση, Αθήναfound 1995.

The term gentrification atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor Ν. Μαραβέγιας: Ευρωπαϊκή Ένωση, Δημιουργία, Εξέλιξη, the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old residents areof London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes Προοπτικές. Εκδόσεις Κριτική, Αθήνα 2016. there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth Άρθρα εφημερίδας «Καθημερινή» Αθηνών.

A description ofperiod, this phenomenon isΔιοικητικό included inwere the recorded workΕκδόσεις of Sociologist Ruth GLASSΚωνστ. at the same while similar situations in other major ΓΕ. Αθανασόπουλος: Δίκαιο. Κέντρο GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. Επιμόρφωσης Μελετών, Έρευνας και Ανάπτυξης, Αθήνα 2014. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more Mitrany, Theissue Prospect of Integration: Federation or Since then, the has several scholars andFunctional? for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized below, from the in International Regionalism: Readings, ed.

Joseph S. Nye Jr. (Boston: comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: Little, and Company, p.

5. of a new interpretations of the phenomenon thecategory following: In a Brown sense, the phenomenon is1968), dueof togentrification, a trend of social groups Haas, Ernst B. 1997.

Nationalism, Liberalism and Progress.

Vol. to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money and timeRise to travel from theof purlieus to downtown, where place is, lack of the 1. The and Decline Nationalism.

Ithaca, NY: work Cornell Univ.

Press. termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Haas, Ernst B. 2000.

Nationalism, Liberalism and Progress.

Vol. Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) 2.Youth TheUnemployment.

Dismal Fate of Ithaca, NY:and Cornell Univ. Press.

TheNew sameNations. year she left Germany after continuous movements for lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, De Vree, Johan K .Foundations of Social and she Political Processes: in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 teacher in the to another approach, the is due tobecame a systematic and The Dynamics Behaviour, Politics, and research.

Society:brokers Vol. 1,of Theory.

University Collegeof of Human London, where she continued her social Her public action and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, buying her work are characterized by a Prime passion Press, for justice.

See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. (Bilthoven, Netherlands: 1982. and selling real estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. COLLINS SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

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