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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
regarding that matter and Laws 2218/1994 and 2240/1994, which were Γεωπολιτική καιever), Γεωστρατηγική Ανατομία Ανατολικής effective Μεσογείου since January 1,και 1995.οι Επιπτώσεις μιας Μεγάλης Prevision for operation at First Grade Local Government level of Committees Γεωπολιτικής Δίνης with responsibilities established forσε the Κύπρο first timeκαι suchΕλλάδα as, among others, Committee for Quality of Life, (decisive and initiator Πάφος, Aύγουστος 2018 body for exercise of the related with quality of life, zoning, urban planning and environmental protection, competences of municipality with more thanΤου 10.000 inhabitants) and Consultation Ανδρέα Π. ΧΑΡΑΛΑΜΠΟΥΣ By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Committee (as a body with advisory powers on matters of Development Υποψήφιου Διδάκτ.Student, (PhD) Programmes, Action Programmes of the Municipality, etc.). Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Πανεπιστημίου ΝΕΑΠΟΛΙΣ , Πάφος By Mr.ofGeorge-Sp. ATHANASSOPOULOS Regarding the under research matter every type C. intervention at Architect city level Student the School concisely of Architecture with several Restoration Programmes, etc, here areofmentioned the University Crete responsibilities of the new Decentralized and new Regionsofand to Εισαγωγική προσέγγιση τουAdministrations θέματος Technical a greater extent the (new) Local Government of first grade. Decentralized α. ΓΕΝΙΚΑapproach: Defining the concept 1. Introductory Administrations as successor of Government Regions have among othersπου the (1) Η Μεσόγειος είναι μια κατ' εξοχήν κλειστή θάλασσα, 1. Introductory approach: the concept following responsibilities: ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), βρίσκεται ανάμεσαfor σεdirect τρειςsale ηπείρους: την την- 370 Ασία και την ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC Athens), Recommending of landΕυρώπη, or (444 assignment ofBC, communal among other wise heritage he left us,public he established a great “principle”: the Αφρική. Επικοινωνεί στα δυτικά μεdefinition τον Ατλαντικό Ωκεανό μέσω των among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the municipal or lands for establishment orthe expansion of“principle”: industrial and acquisition of community knowledge starts with the of content concepts. στενών ενώ στα ανατολικά μεofsuch την Ερυθρά manufacturing installations.This provision does not specify whether lands are acquisition ofΓιβραλτάρ, knowledge starts with the of the content concepts. Based,του therefore, on this “principle” indefinition a first, ifεπικοινωνεί not final, approach, the term 1 (and within or outside cities. Θάλασσα διαμέσου της διώρυγας Σουέζ. Τμήμα της, μπορεί να Based, therefore, on this “principle”του inindicated a first, if (in not final, approach, the term urban gentrification) is the area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban Award monitoring and oversight as the well asοποίο approvement of gentrification gentrification) isarea, indicated (in area of Planning) (or θεωρηθεί Εύξεινος Πόντος (βορειοανατολικά), με τον ενώνεται Sociology asοwell), as the “refining” ofofa the cityelaboration, the removal from this, (in various Studies, General Urban planning projects, and Plans for territorial and housing Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, removal fromthere this, (inartists, various μέσω των Δαρδανελίων, της of Προποντίδας καιthe του Βοσπόρου. Η διαίρεσή ways), of social groups, usually low-income and the placement of organization of Open City (Law 2508/1997, Law 2539/1997). ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, τηςoperation μπορεί να σε δύοrestaurants, μέρη, την etc. Δυτική και την Μεσόγειο. the of γίνει art galleries, However thisΑνατολική “change”, regardless of Assignment ofartplot land of the Port Land Zone for the construction of the the operation of galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has,νοητή resultsγραμμή also rising of land prices (and theof Η διαίρεση γίνεται βάζοντας μία από την Κέρκυρα έως την buildings forother “docker’s roof”. whatever consequences has, results also rising of από land τα prices (and the potential relative speculation). Κυρηναϊκή (Λιβύη). Έτσι, guidelines η Δυτική Μεσόγειος ξεκινά στενά του Specialization of general and directives regarding issues of Urban potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found first in the in early 1960s itwithin refersthe to Γιβραλτάρ και Affairs φτάνειand έως τηνatΑδριατική Θάλασσα, ενώ and η Ανατολική Planning, Urban Housing as well asUK Building Regulations The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor area of theirξεκινά territorial Μεσόγειος απόjurisdiction. το Ιόνιο Πέλαγος και φτάνει έως την διώρυγα του the then observed trend of wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas of London, upgrade them, stay themselves and thus old residents Monitoring, coordination and expression of opinion regarding programs ofare the Σουέζ. London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. General(2) Urban Plans ofτης the territorial areaΜεσογείου of their jurisdiction. Η λεκάνη Ανατολικής (ΠΑΡ. Α / Χάρτης 1,2) being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work Sociologist Approval of amendments of previously approved town of planning, usesRuth and αποτελεί κατά κοινή παραδοχή, από την αρχαιότητα σήμερα το A description ofperiod, this phenomenon included inwere the workμέχρι ofofSociologist Ruth GLASS at the while similar situations recorded in other major conditions for same their building in OT on isthe main road network prefectures of σημαντικότερο κομβικό σημείο υδρογείου, στην περιοχή GLASS atThessaloniki. the same period, while similar situationsκαθώς were recorded in otherαυτή major cities inand Western countries, by otherτης Researchers. Attica To be continued... αναπτύχθηκαν οι σημαντικότεροι πολιτισμοί, οικονομίες και cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then, the issue has severalθρησκείες, scholars and for its more Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more κουλτούρες. Πρόκειται για μια περιοχή, η οποία γεωγραφικά ενώνει τρεις comprehensive approach areetcbeing summarized below, from the various International Organizations, Bodies,are level. comprehensive approach being summarized below, from the ηπείρους, την Ευρώπη, την Ασία και Αφρική, όπως επίσης καιvarious δύο interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thesubject, following: Among the recent international activities regarding the here are mentioned interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: θάλασσες, την Μαύρη Θάλασσα και Ερυθρά Θάλασσα. Έτσι λόγω της In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new category of social groups indicatively the Seventh Conference of European Ministers responsible for issues of Local Organization (8-10 October 1986 a.D.). The eighth Conference of European Ministers, γεωγραφικής της διαχρονικά σημείο ενδιαφέροντος, to “return” to the city,θέσης leavingαποτελεί the purlieus for severalτο reasons: high costs in money Responsible for Local Government at kong of Ireland (14-15 September 1988a.D.), the elaboration and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the τόσο των κρατών που την περιβάλλουν, όσο και των εκάστοτε μεγάλων of a “special charter” for Local Government by Council of Europe (October the 15th 1985 a.D.) 1.of The term comes fromΔρώντων), Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS wasbetter born in sense safety at the distributed residencies outside town centres, for δυνάμεων (Διεθνών οι οποίες επιδιώκουν συνεχώς την The European Charter for Local Autonomy of Council of Europe has been ratified so far by 22 Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services health, education, entertainment “atratified the και heart of thesigned city”,by(possibly) countries,of was signed by another 7, while it has not been and has not other 9. ανάμειξη τους στα γεωπολιτικά τηςfor Youth Unemployment. The διάφορα same year she left Germany and afterγεωστρατηγικά continuous movements Theliving countries that have not signed the Charter are: car 1. Albania. 2. Andorra. 3. Czech Republic. lower cost of, “withdrawal” from private easier access to markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back to London, δρώμενα. 4.inIreland. 5. Latvia. 6. Lithuania. 7. Moldova.city San Marino.In9.1950 Switzerland 1943 she published studies regarding planning. sheto became teacher in the According to another approach, the8.phenomenon isofείχε due a systematic and (3) Από τοLondon, 19ο αιώνα, η Μεγάλη Βρετανία κυριαρχήσει στην Greece has already ratified the Charter, based on paragraph 1research. Article 28 the Constitution University College of where she continued her social Herofpublic action and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying with thatελέγχοντας the country undertake theSee responsibility to be ENGLISH bound the provisions περιοχή αυτή, τηnot διώρυγα του Σουέζ, τα στενά τουbyΓιβραλτάρ, herprejudice, work are characterized bydoes a passion for justice. also: COLLINS DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of(prerequisites part of the urban web, inof of10th Article 5 (protection of the territorial limits of L.G.Os.), 7 WIKIPEDIA: par.2 for exercise edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. The Free Encyclopedia: τις νήσους Κύπρο, Μάλτα και τα Επτάνησα, με σκοπό να αποκόψει την competences at local level 8 par. 2 (administrative control of L.G.O. acts), etc., (L. 1850/10.5.1989). G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually έξοδο της Ρωσίας προς τα θερμά νερά της Μεσογείου. Οι ΗΠΑ, μετά το Β΄ See other items in: Const. GE. ATHANASOPOULOS: op. c., Volume II, p. 144 et seq.
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
Παγκόσμιο Πόλεμο επιδίωξαν να έχουν ικανή στρατιωτική και ναυτική δύναμη στην περιοχή, για να είναι εύκολη τόσο η πρόσβαση, όσο και ο έλεγχος της νευραλγικής, για τα αμερικανικά συμφέροντα περιοχής, αλλά και στην ευρύτερη Μέση Ανατολή. (4) Σήμερα, η περιοχή αυτή αποτελεί ζώνη αντιπαραθέσεων και πολιτικής αστάθειας. Υπάρχουν πολεμικές αντιπαραθέσεις που είτε είναι σε ύφεση όπως τα Ελληνοτουρκικά, το πρόβλημα της Κύπρου, η By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS αραβοϊσραηλινή διένεξηHarvard και ο University, πόλεμος Graduate στο Λίβανο, είτε βρίσκονται σε School of Design, Student, By Mr. George-Sp. C. μεταξύ ATHANASSOPOULOS εξέλιξη όπως στην Συρία, ο παρατεταμένος εμφύλιος Σουνιτισμού Architect of the School δράση of Architecture η τρομοκρατική των και Σιιτισμού,1 (ΠΑΡ. Α / Χάρτης 3), Student Technical University of 2 τη τζιχαντιστών και η ανακήρυξη του λεγόμενου χαλιφάτου με Crete δημιουργία Ισλαμικού κράτους (ΠΑΡ. Α / Χάρτης 4) και οι Κούρδοι που 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept 1. Introductory the conceptΚουρδικού μάχονται για τηνapproach: δημιουργία Ανεξάρτητου Τα ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, (444 BC - 370Κράτους. BC, Athens), γεγονότα αυτά, προκαλούν αστάθεια στην περιοχή και αναμένεται ότι θα ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great “principle”: the μεταβάλουν το γεωπολιτικό της χαρακτήρα. Μέσα από αυτές τις among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the acquisition of knowledge starts with the content of concepts. αντιπαραθέσεις, έχει καιtheοindefinition στρατηγικός στόχος της Τουρκίας, Based, therefore, on αναδυθεί this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 (and urban therefore, on this “principle” inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term για Based, τη δημιουργία ενός ηγεμονικού συστήματος ελέγχου «νέοgentrification) is area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the περιοχή, “refining” of a city area, the (in various οθωμανισμός» στην παρόμοιου με removal αυτού from της this, «πάλαι ποτέ Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement Οθωμανικής Αυτοκρατορίας». ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation art galleries,πλούσιων restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of (5) Οof εντοπισμός κοιτασμάτων υδρογονανθράκων στην the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the λεκάνη της Ανατολικής Μεσογείου, πέραν των υφισταμένων τηςof whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative Αιγύπτου, εντόςspeculation). της Αποκλειστικής Οικονομικής Ζώνης ( ΑΟΖ) της Κύπρου potential relative speculation). termΙσραήλ gentrification first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to καιThe του (ΠΑΡ.is found Αfound / at Χάρτης έχουν αναβαθμίσει ακόμη The term gentrification atpeople first in5), the UK in early 1960s and itareas refers the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor ofto περισσότερο το γεωπολιτικό ενδιαφέρον για ευρύτερο χώρο τηςof the then observed trend wealthy people to buyτον property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are Μέσης Ανατολής και συνάμα έχει αποκτήσει βαρύνουσα σημασία, London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. αναδεικνύοντας τον ωςphenomenon «ένα από ταisπιο νευραλγικά σημεία του πλανήτη». being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this included in the work of Sociologist Ruth A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major 2. ΣΚΟΠΟΣ cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities inΣκοπός Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. της παρούσας διατριβής είναι η γεωπολιτική και Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars andthe for various its more γεωστρατηγική approach ανατομία are της ανατολικής Μεσογείου, προκειμένου να comprehensive being summarized below, from comprehensive approach areγεωπολιτικό being summarized from the interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thebelow, following: διαπιστωθεί το υφιστάμενο περιβάλλον, όπως αυτόvarious έχει interpretations of the phenomenon of thecategory following: In a sense, the phenomenon is togentrification, a trend of a -new of δυναμικές social groups διαμορφωθεί καταλήγοντας σεdue συμπεράσματα γεωπολιτικές to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the 1 Ιωάννης Η residencies Καθ΄ημάς Θάλασσα, Γεωστρατηγική Ανάλυση τηςin termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS wasbetter born sense1.ofThe safety theΠαρίσης, distributed outside town centres, for Berlin, where she made her κύρια first studies. In του 1932Ισλάμ she published an important study entitled: Μεσογείου, σελ. 87. Τα δύο δόγματα είναι ο Σουνιτισμός που θεωρεί ότι services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for ο χαλίφης δεν χρειάζεται να είναι απόγονος του Μωάμεθ και ο Σιιτισμός που θεωρεί ότι lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, οin χαλίφης πρέπει να είναι απόγονος του the Μωάμεθ. 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the According to another approach, is due a systematic and 2 University College of Loretta London, where she continued her social research. Her public and Napoleoni «Ο Ισλαμιστικός Φοίνικας», σελ.182, brokers Χαλιφάτο είναι η long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, ofaction buying her work are characterized by a passion for See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. επικράτεια όπου ασκεί την εξουσία του, ο justice. χαλίφης, δηλαδή οofπολιτικός καιurban θρησκευτικός and selling real estate, etc., for the depreciation initially part of the web, in 10th edit. Wil. COLLINS SONS AND Co Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: τωνofμουσουλμάνων, ο Abstract. οποίος θεωρείται διάδοχος του“voluntary”, Μωάμεθ και προστάτης Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm aηγέτης variety ways, in order to achieve the “assisted”, (actually
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns (Γεωπολιτική Ανάλυση) και διατυπώνοντας προτάσεις, που
θα προκύψουν από την μελέτη των αποτελεσμάτων της γεωπολιτικής ανάλυσης (Γεωστρατηγική Σύνθεση), ο προσδιορισμός και η ανάλυση των By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS παραγόντων, που επηρεάζουν την ασφάλεια καιSchool τη σταθερότητα στον Harvard University, Graduate of Design, Student, By επιπτώσεις Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS χώρο αυτό, καθώς και οι κυριότερες σε Κύπρο και Ελλάδα στα Architect Student of the School of Architecture πλαίσια μιας γεωστρατηγικής δίνης. Technical University of Crete
3. ΠΡΟΫΠΟΘΕΣΕΙΣ 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept Για την ολοκλήρωση της παρούσας μελέτης, τίθενται 1. Introductory the concept ANTISTHENIS,approach: the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), προϋποθέσεις – παράγοντες, οποίοι κρίνεται ότι θα-“principle”: μεταβληθούν ή ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he οι left us, he established aδεν great the εάν μεταβληθούν, δεν θα επηρεάσουν την γεωπολιτική γεωστρατηγική among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the κατάσταση της Ανατολικής Μεσογείου εκπόνηση της παρούσας acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” aκατά first, την if of not final, approach, the term 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term μελέτης: (and urban gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification α. as Οιwell), σχέσεις Ελλάδας – Τουρκίας, Τουρκίας – Κύπρου και(in Ισραήλ – Sociology as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, Τουρκίας δε θαgroups, διαφοροποιηθούν. ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement of artists, the operation art galleries, restaurants, etc.Ελλάδας-Κύπρου However “change”, regardless of β. Η ofενεργειακή συνεργασία – there Ισραήλ και the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever consequences has, resultsκαι also of τομείς. land prices (and theof Αιγύπτουother θα συνεχιστεί - θα βελτιωθεί σεrising άλλους whatever consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential speculation). γ.relative Ηother πρόσφατες εξελίξεις στη Μέση Ανατολή, δεν θα επηρεάσουν potential relative speculation). term gentrification is found at first inΙσλαμικού the UK in early 1960s it refers to τη The υφιστάμενη κατάσταση, δημιουργία κράτους ή and ανεξάρτητου The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor Κουρδιστάν και επίλυση Παλαιστινιακού. the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old residents areof δ. upgrade Η Ελλάδα, Κύπρος και sometimes Τουρκία there θα and εξακολουθήσουν London, them, stay themselves thus old residentsνα are being indirectly “squeezed”. συμμετέχουν στους διεθνείς οργανισμούς being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth ε.at the Το same περιβάλλον ασφάλειας στην inwere ευαίσθητη περιοχή της A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS while similar in other major Ανατολικής Μεσογείου θα παραμένει ρευστό και διαρκώς μεταβαλλόμενο. GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, byκαι other στ. Τα συμφέροντα το Researchers. ενδιαφέρον ΗΠΑ and και της Ρωσίας Since then, the issue has preoccupied severalτων scholars for its more Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more στην περιοχή παραμένουν αμετάβλητα. comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various ζ. Η Ελλάδα και Κύπρος συνεχίσουν την εξωτερική πολιτική interpretations of the phenomenon ofθα gentrification, the following: interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In aγια sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend και of a new of socialασταθή groups τους διατήρηση της σταθερότητας ασφάλειας στην to “return”της to the city, leaving Μεσογείου the purlieus for several reasons: highεπιδιώκοντας costs in money περιοχή Ανατολικής - Μέσης Ανατολής, and time to travel theτου purlieus to downtown, place is, lack of the καλές σχέσεις μεfrom χώρες Αραβικού κόσμου where και τοwork Ισραήλ. termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, for η. Η Τουρκία θα συνεχίσει την επεκτατική τηςGLASS στρατηγική, Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) προκειμένου να εδραιωθεί ηγεμονική δύναμη, ότι αυτό συνεπάγεται Youth Unemployment. The sameως year she left Germany and με after continuous movements for lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, and New York she came back to London, στις σχέσεις της μεinτα άλλαPrague, κράτηLondon της περιοχής. in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and θ. College Το Ισραήλ, θαwhere παραμείνει ο βασικός τωνpublic ΗΠΑ στην University of London, she continued her social εταίρος research. brokers Her and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, ofaction buying her work are a passion justice. Seeθα also: COLLINS ENGLISH περιοχή, οι characterized δε σχέσεις by του με τηνforΤουρκία, παραμείνουν στο DICTIONARY. σημερινό and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: επίπεδο. G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually
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ΚΕΦΑΛΑΙΟ Α: ΘΕΩΡΙΑ ΚΑΙ ΜΕΘΟΔΟΛΟΓΙΑ ΓΕΩΠΟΛΙΤΙΚΗΣ GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, α. Γενικά Definition, ofανάλυση intervention, Η Γεωπολιτική και η Types γεωπολιτική εξελίχτηκαν ιστορικά Concerns of Gentrification μέσα από τη μητρική επιστήμη της Γεωγραφίας. Οι διάφορες σχολές γεωπολιτικής συμφωνούν ως Concerns προς την εξέλιξη αυτή αλλά και την άρρηκτη
σχέση μεταξύ τους. Πρώτος ο Fr. Ratzel, της ιδρυτικής, για την Γεωπολιτική Γερμανικής Σχολής, την ονομάζειC. ATHANASOPOULOS αρχικά «Πολιτική By Mr. George-Sp. Γεωγραφία», ενώ ο Γάλλος γεωγράφος Lorot τηνofονομάζει «κόρη Harvard University,Pascal Graduate School Design, Student, By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS της Γεωγραφίας». Architect Student of the School of Architecture Technical University of Crete
β. Γεωπολιτική Πρώτος, που έδωσε Defining τον ορισμό γεωπολιτικής είναι ο Γερμανός 1. Introductory approach: theτης concept γεωγράφος Friedrich Ratzel, που θεωρείται και ο(444 πατέρας της. Κατ΄αυτόν 1. Introductory approach: the concept ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, BC - 370 BC, Athens), είναιANTISTHENIS, η other «γεωγραφία στην υπηρεσία πολιτικής (444 του κράτους ». ΟAthens), καθ.the Ι. the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 3BC, among wise heritage he left us,της he established a great 4 θέλοντας να διαχωρίσει την γεωπολιτική ανάλυση από τη Θ. Μάζης among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the 5: of acquisition of knowledge starts with the the content concepts. γεωστρατηγική προσέγγιση, έδωσε τον ορισμό «Γεωπολιτική Based, therefore, on this “principle” indefinition aπαρακάτω first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 (and Based,ενός therefore, on this “principle” inindicated a ανισόρροπου first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term ανάλυση Γεωγραφικού Συστήματος κατανομής ισχύος urban gentrification) is area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification καλείται η Γεωγραφική εκείνη μέθοδος, η οποία μελετά, περιγράφει και Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Sociology asτις well), as the “refining” of a city from this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement there προβλέπει συμπεριφορές και τις area, επιπτώσεις των σχέσεων των ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art restaurants, etc. However “change”, regardless of αντιτιθεμένων καιgalleries, διακριτών πολιτικών διεθνών this δράσεων ανακατανομής the operation art galleries, restaurants, etc.also However this regardless whatever consequences has, results of “change”, land prices (and theof ισχύος καιother τωνofιδεολογικών μεταφυσικών πουrising τις καλύπτουν, στο πλαίσιο whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative των γεωγραφικών Συμπλόκων, που οι πολιτικές δράσεις αυτές potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to εντοπίζονται, λειτουργούν και εφαρμόζονται». The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old residents areof γ. upgrade Γεωστρατηγική London, them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. Η φάση “squeezed”. της των συμπερασμάτων Γεωπολιτικής, being indirectly A description of thisεφαρμογής phenomenon is included in the workτης of Sociologist Ruth καλείται και συνεπώς, δεν είναι απαλλαγμένη από A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at «Γεωστρατηγική» the same while similar recorded in other major εθνικοκεντρικές θεάσεις και προσεγγίσεις, χωρίς αυτό να αποτελεί κάποιο GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. μειονέκτημα την has προσέγγιση «perseveral se» και τα and ζητούμενά της. Since then, για the issue scholars for its more Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more Μειονέκτημα, στη Γεωστρατηγική αποτελεί η επιδίωξη comprehensive approach are beingπροσέγγιση summarizedδεν below, from the various comprehensive approach are summarized the various του εθνικού of συμφέροντος διαbeing αξιοποιήσεως τωνfrom γεωπολιτικών interpretations the phenomenon ofτης gentrification, thebelow, following: interpretations theΜειονέκτημα, phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, aγια trend οποιαδήποτε of a new of social groups συμπερασμάτων. ορθολογιστική to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high«διεθνιστική» costs in money προσέγγιση αποτελεί η «εθνικιστική» ή η αντίστοιχη and time to travel fromεμπάθεια the purlieus to τον downtown, where work is, lack of the μεταφυσική με την και μεσσιανισμό που place τις χαρακτηρίζει 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, αμφότερες. Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and 3 University College Μάζης, of London, where sheηcontinued her Her public action and Ιωάννης Γεωπολιτική Θεωρία και η social Πράξη,research. σελ.11 brokers long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying 4 are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. her work http://www.geo-mazis.gr and selling real estate, etc., for the depreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. 5 Wil. COLLINS SONS AND Co Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: Ιωάννης Θ. in Μάζης, η Θεωρία και η “voluntary”, Πράξη», εκδ. Παπαζήσης, G. ALEXANDRI: Abstract. http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, order«Γεωπολιτική to achieve the “assisted”, (actually
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δ. Συστημική Γεωπολιτική Ανάλυση GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Η «Συστημική Γεωπολιτική Ανάλυση» δεν προτείνει μέτρα δράσης Definition, of και μάλιστα, δεν προτείνει τοTypes οτιδήποτε έχει intervention, πολωμένη οπτική γωνία και Concerns of Gentrification προσέγγιση του Γεωγραφικού Συστημικού Συμπλόκου. Το γεωπολιτικό Concerns υπόδειγμα χρησιμοποιεί πάντοτε το ρήμα «είναι» και ποτέ το ρήμα
«πρέπει». Το τελευταίο χρησιμοποιείται μόνο από τη γεωστρατηγική έχουν ως σύνθεση6.Οι εμπειριστές-ρεαλιστές Byαγγλοσάξονες Mr. George-Sp.επιστήμονες C. ATHANASOPOULOS πάγια προσέγγιση να συνδέουν τη γεωπολιτική ανάλυση «τι μας Harvard University, Graduate School of(δηλαδή Design, Student, By κάνουμε») Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS συμβουλεύει η φύση- γεωγραφία να με την γεωστρατηγική («τι Architect Student of theΦυσικά, School of πρέπει να κάνουμε με δεδομένες τις επιδιώξεις μας»). οιArchitecture κλασικοί Technical University Crete Αγγλοσάξονες Γεωπολιτικοί / Γεωστρατηγιστές, εργάζονταν σεof δύο φάσεις: πραγματοποιούσαν την γεωπολιτική ανάλυση του Γεωπολιτικού / 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept γεωγραφικού συμπλόκου που τους απασχολούσε και κατόπιν 1. Introductory approach: the concept (444 BC - 370 ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, BC, Athens), προχωρούσαν στηheritage φάση του γεωστρατηγικού σχεδιασμού. Αυτό ακριβώς ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise he left us, he established a great the το μείγμα της κλασικής Αγγλοσαξονικής Πολιτικής Γεωγραφίας, η οποία among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. όμως λειτουργούσε συνειδητά καιindefinition πλαίσια ταυτοχρόνως, acquisition of knowledge starts with the the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” aστα first,δύο if of not final, approach, the term 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” inindicated a first, if notthe final, approach, the term παρερμηνεύτηκε από τους εκπροσώπους της λεγόμενης «Κριτικής gentrification) is (in area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Σχολής» Γεωπολιτικής Ανάλυσης, οποία να διαπράττει το Sociology as well), as the “refining” of aηcity area,εξακολουθεί the removal from this, (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually σφάλμα. of low-income andαυτά, the placement thereαποδεκτό of artists, κλασικό αυτό μεθοδολογικό Παρόλα είναι γενικά ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.Ανάλυση, However “change”, regardless of ότι η σύγχρονη Συστημική Γεωπολιτική πρέπει να σταματά στη the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequencesΥποδείγματος, has, results alsoσύμφωνα rising of land (and theof δημιουργία προβλεπτικού με prices τα αυστηρώς whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative ποσοτικά δεδομένα των γεωπολιτικών πυλώνων (Αμυντικού, potential relative speculation). The term gentrification found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to Οικονομικού, Πολιτικού is και Πολιτισμικού/Πληροφορίας). Η Μεθοδολογία The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor της Γεωπολιτικής Ανάλυσης αναλύεται στο Παράρτημα «Γ». theΣυστημικής then observed trend wealthy people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes and thus old residents areof London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. ε. Συμπεράσματα being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth Από τους ορισμούς προκύπτει συμπέρασμα η A description ofπιο thisπάνω phenomenon is situations included inwere theτοrecorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same period, while similar in otherότι, major Γεωπολιτική αποτελεί την πηγή παραγωγής που ερμηνεύει και προβλέπει GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. τους μηχανισμούς απόκτησης ή πολλαπλασιασμού ισχύος Since then, the issue has several scholars andκαι forεπιρροής its more Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more των οντοτήτων approach άσκησης πάσης φύσεως εξουσίας στο διεθνές σύστημα. comprehensive are being summarized below, from the various comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various Ενώ η Γεωστρατηγική αναλαμβάνει να περιγράψει τους πρακτικούς interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: interpretations of the phenomenon of thecategory following: In a sense, phenomenon is dueαυτά, togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups τρόπους πουtheθα συμβούν όλα δηλαδή λαμβάνοντας υπόψη την to “return” to the city, leaving purlieus forτρόπους several reasons: high costsώστε in money γεωπολιτική ανάλυση θαtheεισηγηθεί παρέμβασης να 7. and time to travel the purlieus to τους downtown, where work place is, lack of the υλοποιήσει τους from εθνικούς στόχους οποίους υπηρετεί termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and 6 University College ofΘ.London, where she continued her social research. Her public and Ιωάννης Μάζης, «Μεταθεωρητική Κριτική Διεθνών Σχέσεων και long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers ofaction buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. Γεωπολιτικής. Τοestate, νεοθετικιστικό εκδ. Παπαζήσης, σελ. 454 and selling real etc., forπλαίσιο», the depreciation initiallyΑθήνα of part2012, of the urban web, in 10th edit. 7 Wil. COLLINS SONS AND Co Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: Ιωάννης Θ. Μάζης, «Γεωπολιτική η Θεωρία και η Πράξη», εκδ. Παπαζήσης, G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually Αθήνα 2002,
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