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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Τοις Εντευξομένοις Definition, of intervention, Η΄ ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Οι θεμελιώδεις «αρχές» Concerns
οι διέπουσες την δράση της Ελληνικής By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Δημόσιας Διοίκησης Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student,
By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect
StudentΓΕ. of the School of Architecture Του κ. Κωνστ. ΑΘΑΝΑΣΟΠΟΥΛΟΥ
Technical University Επιστ. of Crete Καθηγητού Σχολ. Νομικών και Κοινωνικών και Μεταπτ. Προγραμμάτων 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept Πανεπιστημίου Πάφος, Kε�άλαι� ΙΓ ΄BCΝΕΑΠΟΛΙΣ, 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, - 370 BC, Αθηνών, Athens), Καθηγητού Επισκ. Μετ. Προγρ. Σπ. Πανεπ. ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BCτην -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us,αρ�ές he established a great the θεµελιώδεις διέπ�υσες δράση Ομοτ. Καθηγητού ΠΑΝΤΕΙΟΥ Π.Κ.Π.Ε., among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a great “principle”: the acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content of concepts. Ch.definition L. U. L. Bruxelles, Ex. Int. Paris της ∆ηµ�σιας ∆ι�ίκησης acquisition of knowledge starts withExthe the content of I.I.A.P., concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), asα.the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Γενική πρ�σέγγιση Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, of low-income and�µαλ�τητας theremoval placement Yπ�usually καθεστώς δηµ�κρατικής η δύν�λη δράση της ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However�τι thisδιέπεται “change”, regardless of ∆ηµ�σιας ∆ι�ίκησης είναι πρ��ανές, υπ� την εκάστ�the operation ofconsequences art galleries, restaurants, etc.also However regardless whatever other has, results risingthis of “change”, land prices (and theof ισ�υ�υσών περίhas, αυτής ρυθµισεων, απ�ρρε�υσών εκ τ�υ(and δικαί�υ whatever otherτε consequences results also rising of land prices the potential relative speculation). της Eυρωπαϊκής Ένωσης, τ�υ Συντάγµατ�ς και των N�µ�θετικών potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to ρυθµίσεων, is(ενί�τε δεσµεύσεων εκ των δεδικαThe term gentrification foundκαι atpeople first in the UKαπ�ρρε�υσών in early 1960s and itareas refers the then observed trend of wealthy to buy property in poor ofto σµένων απ��άσεων ∆ικαστηρίων). the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof Oι τρέ��υσες συνθήκες �ωής επέ�αλαν, συνε�ή London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and ως thusγνωστ�ν, old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. διεύρυνση των δράσεων της ∆ηµ�σιας ∆ι�ίκησης, τ�σ� πρ�ς κάλυbeing indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth ψηofperiod, νέων καιν��ανών αναγκών, και recorded πρ�ς of ικαν�π�ίηση συνεA description this phenomenon is situations included�σ� inwere the work Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major �ώς διευρυν�µενων πρ��ληµάτων των ∆ι�ικ�υµένων. cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Eνδεικτικώς ανα�έρεται εδώ, �τι ηscholars εν γένει σύνν�µη της Since then, the issue has several and for δράση its more Since then, ∆ηµ�σιας the issue ∆ι�ίκησης has severalσα�ώς scholars and for various its πρ�σδι�ρί�εται και διέπεται, ωςmore ελέcomprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized below, from the comprehensive approach are being summarized from the various υπ� της εκάστ�τε ισ�ύ�υσας ν�µ�θεσίας κ.ά. interpretations of�θη, the phenomenon of gentrification, thebelow, following: interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: Aκ�µη, ανα�έρεται παρατηρηθείσα «µετε�έλι�η» καιgroups «µετάIn a sense, the phenomenon is due to aη trend of a new category of social to “return” to theλα�η» city, leaving the τ�υ purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money της υ�ής Kράτ�υς κατά τις τελευταίες εκατ�νταετηρίand time to travelδες, from theσε purlieus to�σ� downtown, whereεπίπεδ�: work place is, lack ofKράthe τ�σ� ∆ιεθνές, και σε Eθνικ� Aστυν�µικ� termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth GLASS was born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, search for better τ�ς, Kράτ�ς ∆ικαί�υ, Kράτ�ς Πρ�ν�ιας. Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) αυτών, υπενθυµί�εται, �τιafter (και) κατά τ�movements πρ�σ�ατ� Youth Unemployment.Πέραν The same year she left Germany and continuous for lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private easier access markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and car New Yorkκλιµάκωση she came to back to London, ακ�µη παρελθ�ν παρετηρήθη έντ�νη των παρεµ�άσεin According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to ων another approach, the is due a systematic and των Oργάνων τ�υ Kράτ�υς επί π�λλαπλών τ�µέων δραστηρι�University College of London, where she continued her social research. Her public action and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying τήτων των τ�υ Kράτ�υς δρώντ�ς, είτεENGLISH µ�ν�πωλιακώς και her work are characterized by aIδιωτών, passion for justice. See also: COLLINS DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for the depreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Co Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: πρ�ν�µιακώς, (π.�. επί θεµάτων υπηρεσιών επικ�ινωνίας: OργανιG. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually σµ�ς Tηλεπικ�ινωνιών Eλλάδ�ς, O.T.E., άλλ�τε), είτε παραλλήλως,
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns (π.�. επί θεµάτων ενέργειας: παράλληλες πρ�ς την ∆ηµ�σια EπιBy Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS �είρηση Hλεκτρισµ�ύ, ∆.E.H., δραστηρι�τητες Iδιωτών).School of Design, Student, Harvard University, Graduate Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS ∆ιά��ρης υ�ής θέµατα είναι τ� By �ήτηµα της αυτεπάγγελτης Architect the δι�ιSchool of Architecture ενέργειας της ∆ηµ�σιας ∆ι�ίκησης, π.�. επί τ�υStudent πεδί�υofτων Technical University of Crete κητικών συµ�άσεων, � δι�ικητικ�ς καταναγκασµ�ς, (πρ�ηγ�υµένης ενν�είτ� της έκδ�σης εκτελεστών πρά�εων της ∆ηµ�σιας ∆ι�ί1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept κησης), η δράση τηςapproach: ∆ηµ�σιας Defining ∆ι�ίκησης,the ��ιconcept επειδή αυτή «πρ�1. Introductory ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), �λέπεται» συγκεκριµµένως ή «επι�άλλεται» υπ� των κειµένων ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the ν�µων, αλλά �ταν η δράση γίνεται πρ�ς πραγµάτωση επί µέρ�υς among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great “principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with the definition of the content of concepts. σκ�πών της απ�στ�λής τ�υ Kράτ�υς, (απ�στ�λής «π�λύµ�ρ�ης», acquisition of knowledge starts with the definition of the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term «δηµι�υργικής», «π�ικίλλης υ�ής», «επείγ�ντ�ς �αρακτήρ�ς» 1 (and urban therefore, on this “principle” inindicated a first, notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) is (in area of Planning) (or gentrification κ.ά.),Based, υπ� την condicio sine qua non, �ε�αίως, �τι ηif δράση αυτή 1 (and urban gentrification gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or Sociology as well), theπλαισί�υ “refining” ofκείµενης a city area, the removal from this, (in various «συντελείται» εντ�ςasτ�υ της ν�µ�θεσίας, τηρ�υSociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually ofτων low-income and �λέπετε the placement µένης «της αρ�ής» της διάκρισης Λειτ�υργιών, και εν there of artists, ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of συνε�εία υπ� στ�ι�εί� �. the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the H εν λ�γω «αρ�ή» δεν είναι ιδιαιτέρως «σε�αστή» σε πλείστες whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative �σες περιπτώσεις: ενί�τε «η παρέµ�αση» της µίας Λειτ�υργίας στ� potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in και the UK early 1960s and it refers to πεδί� αρµ�δι�τήτων της άλλης, πρ��λέπεται υπ� in τ�υ ΣυντάγThe term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property µατ�ς, υπ� ν�µων κ.ά.: άρθρ� 94 παράγρ. 4 τ�υ ισ�ύ�ντ�ς Συντάγ-in poor areas of the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there thus old residents areof µατ�ς: Στα Π�λιτικά ή ∆ι�ικητικά ∆ικαστήρια µπ�ρεί να and ανατεθεί London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”.δι�ικητικής �ύσεως, �πως ν�µ�ς �ρίκαι κάθε άλλη αρµ�δι�τητα being indirectly “squeezed”. description of this phenomenon is included the work of Sociologist Ruth �ει.AΣτις αρµ�δι�τητες αυτές περιλαµ�άν�νται και in η λήψη µέτρων A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar για την συµµ�ρ�ωση της ∆ι�ίκησης µε τις δικαστικές απ��άσεις... in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities Western countries, other Researchers. T�inαντίστρ��� �µως, by δηλαδή επέµ�αση της Eκτελεστικής cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. scholars and for its more Since then, the issue has E��υσίας επί της ∆ικαστικής δεν επιτρέπεται, several τ�υ σ�ετικ�ύ «επεµSince then, the issue has several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being from �ατικ�ύ» ν�µ�θετήµατ�ς κριν�µέν�υ ως summarized «αντισυνταγµατικ�ύ». comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the of gentrification, the following: Πάντως, κατά τηνphenomenon τρέ��υσα δεκαετία εµ�ανί��νται έντ�νες interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: In a sense, τάσεις, the phenomenon due to a trend of Kράτ�υς a new category �υγ�κεντρες τ�υ άλλ�τεis«παρεµ�ατικ�ύ» εγκα- of social groups to “return” to the leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money ταλειπ�µέν�υ, ως city, µη απ�δώσαντ�ς τα αναµεν�µενα ��έλη, (π.�. and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the δυσλειτ�υργίες ∆ηµ�σίων Eπι�ειρήσεων), και καταλείπ�ντ�ς 1. The term comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth GLASS for wasbetter born in sense of safety at the distributed residencies outside town centres, �ώρ� σε ανάληψη υπ� Iδιωτών δράσεων ασκ�υµένων παλαι�τε-search Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) ρ�ν υπ� τ�υ Kράτ�υς, Συµπρά�εις ∆ηµ�σι�υ Youth Unemployment. The(ιδιωτικ�π�ιήσεις, same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, και Iδιωτικ�ύ T�µέα κ.ά.). in According 1943 she published studies regarding city planning. In 1950 she became teacher in the to another approach, the phenomenon is due to a systematic and Aνε�αρτήτως �µως �λων αυτών, η σύν�λη δράση (π.�. έκδ�ση University College of London, where she continued her social research. Her public action and long-term informal effort by organized groups, συµ�άσεων manufacturers, brokers of buying δι�ικητικών πρά�εων, η byσύναψη κ.ά.), her work are characterized a passionδι�ικητικών for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of partκατ’ of the urban web, in της ∆ηµ�σιας ∆ι�ίκησης, είτε αυτή «λειτ�υργεί» δεσµευτικώς 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns επιταγήν ισ�υ�ντων καν�νων δικαί�υ, είτε πρ�κρίν�υσα, εκ π�λBy Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS λών, συγκεκριµµένη ενέργεια,Graduate πρέπει ναSchool διέπεται (και) υπ� άλλων Harvard University, of Design, Student, By της Mr. George-Sp. ATHANASSOPOULOS «αρ�ών», �πως εκείνες ν�µιµ�τητας,C.τ�υ δηµ�σί�υ συµ�έρ�Architect Student of κ.ά. the School of Architecture ντ�ς, της πρ�στασίας των ∆ι�ικ�υµένων Technical University of Crete �. Aρµ�δι�τητα της ∆ηµ�σιας ∆ι�ίκησης: δέσµευση και διακριτική ευ�έρειαDefining the concept 1. Introductory approach: 1. IntroductoryΣε approach: the concept µεDefining τις ανα�ερθείσες δύ� εκ�άνσεις ANTISTHENIS, theσ�έση ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC - 370αρµ�δι�τητας, BC, Athens), την δεσµευτική και την κατά διακριτική ευ�έρια ασκ�ύµενη, αναANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the �έρ�νται ενδεικτικώς τα ε�ής, λαµ�αν�µένης υπ’ �ψει της ιδιαamong other wise heritage he leftthe us, he established a great the acquisition of knowledge starts with definition of the content of“principle”: concepts. ��ύσης της.theindefinition acquisition of knowledge starts with the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on σηµασίας this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 (and H πρώτη ε� αυτών είναι «υπ��ρεωτική» για την Based, therefore, on this “principle” inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the∆ι�ίterm urban gentrification) is area of ∆ηµ�σια Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and κηση και τ� �ικεί� «εντεταλµέν�», «πρ�στηθέν» υπ’ αυτής �ργαgentrification urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ν� πρ�ς ε�αρµ�γή καν�νων δικαί�υ, επί σκ�πώ «υλ�π�ίησης» Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, «της εντ�λής» τ�υ συντρε��υσών, ενν�είται, των �ίων ways), of social groups, usually ofN�µ�θέτ�υ, low-income and thethis placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”, regardless of δήπ�τε πρ��λεπ�µένων πρ�ϋπ�θέσεων (π.�. έκδ�ση αδείας the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof αυτ�κινήτ�υ δηµ�σιας ή ιδιωτικής whatever otherκυκλ���ρίας consequences has, results also rising of land�ρήσης). prices (and the potential relative speculation). H δευτέρα, περιλαµ�άν�υσα πρά�η ή παράλειψη, potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and συνίσταται it refers to στηνtrend εκ τ�υ ,επιλέThe term gentrification foundευ�έρεια atpeople first inτ�υ the UK in early Oργάν�υ, 1960s and να itareas refers the then observed ofisν�µ�υ wealthy to ενεργ�ύντ�ς buy property in poor ofto the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas �ει» συνν�µως (ενδε��µένως) εκ περισσ�τέρων ενεργειών ad hoc, London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof London, upgrade stay themselves sometimesεκείνη there and oldθεωρεί residents are επίthem, συγκεκριµµένης περιπτώσεως, την thus �π�ία (συνbeing indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”. ν�µως) πρ�σ��ρώτερη για τ�ν ∆ι�ικ�ύµεν�. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth A description ofH this phenomenon is situations included inwere theτ�υ work of Sociologist Ruth διακριτική ευ�έρεια δράσης Oργάν�υ εντάσσεται GLASS at the same period, whileαυτή similar recorded in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major πρ��ανώς στην γενικώτερη ένν�ια της ν�µίµως ασκ�υµένης δράcities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. σης της ∆ηµ�σιας ∆ι�ίκησης και των Oργάνων της. for its more Since then, the issue has several scholars and Since then, the several scholars and for various its απαmore Hissue ένν�ιαhas τηςpreoccupied κατά ευ�έρεια δράσης Oργάν�υ comprehensive approach are beingδιακριτική summarized below, from the comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various ντάται, πέραν της ∆ι�ικητικής Λειτ�υργίας και σε επίπεδ� N�µ�interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: interpretations of the phenomenon thecategory following: Aρ�ών, �µως σε ∆ικαστικών. In a sense, theθετικών phenomenon is σπανίως dueof togentrification, a trend of aεπίπεδ� new of social groups to “return” to the city, theν�µιµ�τητας purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money γ. leaving Aρ�ή της and time to travel from the purlieus where την work place της is, lack of the Σ�ετικώς µε τηνtoεκdowntown, των διεπ�υσών δράση ∆ηµ�σιας termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, ∆ι�ίκησης αρ�ή της ν�µιµ�τητας σηµειώνεται, �τι αυτή µετα�ράBerlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) �εταιThe στην υπ��ρέωση τηςGermany ∆ηµ�σιας και των Oργάνων Youth Unemployment. same year she left and∆ι�ίκησης after continuous movements for lower living cost of, “withdrawal” private car access markets, etc. studies and research Geneva, London Neweasier York she came to back to London, where της,in αλλά καιPrague, τωνfrom υπ� τ�υ and Kράτ�υς συνιστωµένων N�µικών Πρ�in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 she became teacher in the toσώπων, another approach, the is due a systematic and να ενεργ�ύν εντ�ς των πλαισίων τ�υ to εκάστ�τε ισ�ύ�ντ�ς University College of London, where she continued her social research. Her public action and long-term informal effort byκαθεστώτ�ς, organized groups, manufacturers,στις brokers of buying δικαιϊκ�ύ «να See υπ�τάσωνται» διατά�εις των her work are characterized by a passion for justice. also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for the depreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Co Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: ν�µων. G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually 2521 511 235 231
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns «H καταγωγή» της αρ�ής της ν�µιµ�τητας της δράσης της By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS 1 εµµέσως Harvard University, Graduate School ofσεDesign, Student, ∆ηµ�σιας ∆ι�ίκησης και των Oργάνων της ανάγεται By Mr. George-Sp. Architect διατά�εις τ�υ Συντάγµατ�ς, �πως εκείνες των άρθρων 1,C. 5, ATHANASSOPOULOS 43, 78, Student of the School of Architecture 79, 82, 83, 94, 95: Technical 1: �λες �ι ε��υσίες πηγά��υν απ� τ�ν Λα�, υπάρ��υν υπέρUniversity of Crete Aυτ�ύ και τ�υ Έθν�υς και ασκ�ύνται �ρί�ει τ� Σύνταγµα. 1. Introductory approach: Defining �πως the concept 5: H πρ�σωπική ελευθερία είναι απαρα�ίαστη. δεν 1. Introductory approach: the conceptKανένας ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), καταδιώκεται, �ύτε συλλαµ�άνεται, �ύτε �υλακί�εται, �ύτε περι�ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the ρί�εται �π�ι�ν δήπ�τε τρ�π�, left παράus, µ�ν�ν �ταν και �πως �ρί-“principle”: the amongµε other wise heritage he established a great acquisition of knowledge startshe with the definition of the content of concepts. �ει � ν�µ�ς. of knowledge starts with the definition of the content of concepts. acquisition Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term 43: O Πρ�εδρ�ς της εκδίδει τα ∆ιατάγµατα, τα 1 Based, therefore, on∆ηµ�κρατίας this “principle” inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) is area of Planning) (or gentrification (and urban �π�ία είναι αναγκαία για την εκτέλεση των ν�µων και δεν µπ�ρεί 1 gentrification (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various π�τέ να αναστείλει την ε�αρµ�γή τ�υς, �ύτε να ε�αιρέσει κανέναν Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, απ� τηνofεκτέλεσή τ�υς. usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), social groups, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of Kανέναςof��ρ�ς δεν επι�άλλεται, �ύτε εισπράττεται �ωρίς the78: operation art galleries, restaurants, etc.also However regardless whatever other consequences has, results risingthis of “change”, land prices (and theof τυπικ� ν�µ�... whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative 79: Mε relative ν�µ� µπ�ρεί να καθιερωθεί η σύντα�η πρ�ϋπ�λ�γισµ�ύ potential speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to για The διετήterm �ρήση. gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor 82: H κυ�έρνηση καθ�ρί�ει και κατευθύνει την γενική π�λιτι-in poor areas of the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are κή της Xώρας, σύµ�ωνα µε themselves τ�υς �ρισµ�ύς τ�υ Συντάγµατ�ς και old residents are London, upgrade them, stay sometimes there and thus being indirectly “squeezed”. των being indirectly “squeezed”. Aν�µων. description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth 83: Kάθε Yπ�υργ�ς ασκεί τις αρµ�δι�τητες, π�υ in �ρί�ει � ν�µ�ς. A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar were in other major 94: Στ� Συµ��ύλι� της Eπικρατείας και τα τακτικά ∆ι�ικητικά GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. ∆ικαστήρια υπάγ�νται �ι has δι�ικητικές δια��ρές, �πωςscholars ν�µ�ς �ρίcities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then, the issue several and for its more �ει... Since then, the issue has several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized from 94: Σε ειδικές περιπτώσεις, µπ�ρεί να ανατεθεί µε ν�µ� η εκδίcomprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: καση κατηγ�ριών ιδιωτικών δια��ρών. interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new category of social groups 94: Στα to Π�λιτικά ∆ι�ικητικά ∆ικαστήρια µπ�ρείreasons: να ανατεθεί to “return” the city,ήleaving the purlieus for several high costs in money και κάθε άλλη αρµ�δι�τητα δι�ικητικής �ύσης, �πως and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, whereν�µ�ς work�ρίplace is, lack of the �ει. 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private car access to markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London Neweasier York she came back to London, 1. Παρά�. «τεκµήρι� ν�µιµ�τητας»: �ρ�ς µη and τυγ�άνων γενικής απ�δ�in 1943 she published studies regarding city planning. In 1950 she became teacher in the According to another approach, the phenomenon is due to a systematic and �ής. Eν Γαλλία: τεκµήρι� ν�µιµ�τητας, τεκµήρι� ν�µικής αληθείας, τεκµήUniversity College of London, where she continued her social research. Her public action and long-term informal effort by�ασική organized manufacturers, brokers of buying ρι� εγκυρ�τητας. Eν Γερµανία: ισ�ύς groups, δι�ικητικής πρά�ης. Eν Hνωher work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. µένω Bασιλείω: τεκµήρι� καν�νικ�τητας, τεκµήρι� and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of κ.ά. part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. Londonεγκυρ�τητας 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns 95: Kατηγ�ρίες υπ�θέσεων της ακυρωτικής αρµ�δι�τητας τ�υ By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University, Graduate of Design, Student, Συµ��υλί�υ της Eπικρατείας µπ�ρεί ναSchool υπάγωνται µε ν�µ�... στα By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect τακτικά ∆ι�ικητικά ∆ικαστήρια. T� Συµ��ύλι� της Eπικρατείας Student of the School of Architecture δικά�ει σε �’ �αθµ�, �πως ν�µ�ς �ρί�ει. Technical University of Crete Eν περιπτώσει παρά�ασης της αρ�ής της ν�µιµ�τητας υπ� της ∆ηµ�σιας ∆ι�ίκησης Oργάνων της και των υπ’ αυτής 1. Introductory approach: Definingκαι theτων concept 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept συσταθέντων N�µικών Πρ�σώπων, εάνBC, αυτά διέπ�ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, αδιακρίτως (444 BC - 370 Athens), νται υπ� καν�νων ∆ηµ�σί�υ ή Iδιωτικ�ύ δικαί�υ, δύναται να ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the �ητηθεί υπ� παντ�ς έ��ντ�ς ένν�µ� η of ακύρωση, η ανάamong other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a great “principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of συµ�έρ�ν the content concepts. acquisition of knowledge starts with theτης the content of concepts. κληση, τρ�π�π�ίηση πρά�ης, η απ�κατάBased, therefore, on ηthis “principle” indefinition a συγκεκριµµένης first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 (and Based, therefore, on this “principle” inπρ�κληθείσης a first, if (in notthe final, approach, theαπ�term σταση των πραγµάτων επίis �ηµίας, ηofκατα��λή urban gentrification) indicated area Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” a city area, the removal fromείτε this,µέσω (in various �ηµίωσης κ.ά. είτε of µέσω δι�ικητικής πρ�σ�υγής, άλλης 2 of Sociology as well), as the “refining” ofπερίπτωση a city area, the fromthere this, (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually ofκατά low-income andσύνν�µης theremoval placement πρ��λεπ�µένης ρύθµισης. ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, However this “change”, regardless of δ. Aρ�ή τ�υ δηµ�σί�υetc. συµ�έρ�ντ�ς the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof H ένν�ια τ�υhas, δηµ�σί�υ σειρά whatever otherspeculation). consequences results συµ�έρ�ντ�ς also rising of απαντάται land pricesσε (and the potential relative άρθρων τ�υ ισ�ύ�ντ�ς Συντάγµατ�ς 1975/1986/2001, �πως αυτ� potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to έ�ειtrend αναθεωρηθεί τ� της 27ης Mαΐ�υ 2008 της of H’ The term gentrification foundµεatpeople firstΨή�ισµα in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refers to the then observed ofiswealthy to buy property in poor Aναθεωρητικής B�υλής των Eλλήνων: 1, 103, 106 κ.ά. the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas of London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes thereτ�υ and«εθνικ�ύ», thus old residents are H ένν�ια «διαστέλλεται» σε εκείνες «κ�ινωνιbeing indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”. κ�ύ», «γενικ�ύ», «τ�υ ∆ηµ�σί�υ» (ανα�ερ�µέν�υ στα συµ�έρ�A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth A description ofperiod, thisεν phenomenon isKράτ�υς), included in the∆ηµ�σιας work of Sociologist Ruth ντα τ�υ στενή «της Yπηρεσίας», της GLASS at the same whileενν�ία similar situations were recorded in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major διαστ�λής by αυτής cities in Western countries, otherεπι�ειρ�υµένης Researchers. διά της ν�µ�θετικής �δ�ύ και cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Since then, the issue has several απ�σκ�π�ύσης στην Researchers. πρ�στασία τ�υ. scholars and for its more Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for various itsπηγάmore comprehensive approach are being summarized below, the Aρθρ� 1 τ�υ ισ�ύ�ντ�ς Συντάγµατ�ς: �λεςfrom �ι ε��υσίες comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of��υν the phenomenon gentrification, following: απ� τ�ν Λα�,ofυπάρ��υν υπέρthe Aυτ�ύ και τ�υ Έθν�υς και interpretations the phenomenon of thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is due togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups ασκ�ύνται �πως �ρί�ει τ� Σύνταγµα. to “return” to the city, leaving theOι purlieus for several reasons: high costs money Άρθρ� 103: ∆ηµ�σι�ι Yπάλληλ�ι, εκτελεστές τηςinθέλησης and time to travelτ�υ from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the Kράτ�υς, υπηρετ�ύν τ�ν Λα�. termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter sense1.ofThe safety theΆρθρ� distributed residencies outside town centres, 106: T� Kράτ�ς, για την εδραίωση της κ�ινωνικήςborn ειρή-in Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) νης και πρ�στασία τ�υ γενικ�ύand συµ�έρ�ντ�ς, πρ�γραµµατί�ει Youth Unemployment. Theτην same year she left Germany after continuous movements for lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private easier access to markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car New York she cameστην back to London, καιin συντ�νί�ει την �ικ�ν�µική δραστηρι�τητα Xώρα, επιδιώin According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research. Her public action and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by aA. passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. 2 Bλ. και MAPKANTΩNATOY-ΣKAΛTΣA: ∆ι�ικητικ� ∆ίκαι�: 2. Βλ. Κωνστ. ΓΕ. ΑΘΑΝΑΣΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ: Δίκαιο, and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for the depreciation initially of partΔιοικητικό of the urban web, Eιin 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Co Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: σαγωγή, θεµελιώδεις ένν�ιες. Aθήνα, 2004, σ. 161 επ�µ. Αθήνα, 2014, σ. 237 G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually 2521 711 237 233
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS
κ�ν να ε�ασ�αλίσει την �ικ�ν�µική ανάπτυ�η �λων των τ�µέων Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, της εθνικής �ικ�ν�µίας.3 By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect H ένν�ια «δηµ�σι� συµ�έρ�ν» υπ� έπ�ψη Student ν�µική»ofδεν theέ�ει School of Architecture �ρι�θετηθεί σα�ώς, �πως απ�δεικνύεται απ� την πρ�ηγηθείσα Technical University of Crete ανα��ρά, αλλά � περί αυτήν έλεγ��ς τ�υ Σ.τ.E. θεωρείται δεδ�µέDefining τ�υ, the concept ν�ς,1. ωςIntroductory πρ�κύπτει εκapproach: σειράς απ��άσεών (π.�. 1682/2002 κ.ά.). 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept Παρα ταύτα, η ∆ηµ�σια ∆ι�ίκηση εν γένει και τα �ργανά ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BCτης - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise he των left us, he established a«πρ�αgreat the είναι αναγκαί� κατά heritage τηνthe άσκηση καθηκ�ντων των να among other wise heritage leftthe us, heκύκλ�υ established a great “principle”: acquisition knowledge startshe with definition of�ε�αίως the content concepts. the σπί��υν» τ�of δηµ�σι� συµ�έρ�ν, εντ�ς τ�υ της of acquisition of knowledge starts with κατά theindefinition the content of concepts. Based, ν�µ�θεσίας, therefore, onε�ειδικεύ�ντα this “principle” aπερίπτωση first, if of not approach, the term ισ�ύ�υσας τ�final, εύρ�ς, 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term 4 (andυ�ή urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification την έκταση και την «τ�υ περιε��µέν�υ» τ�υ. 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ε. H αρ�ή πρ�στασίας των ∆ι�ικ�υµένων Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement Mε δεδ�µένα τα διαλαµ�αν�µενα στ� άρθρ� 1 τ�υ ισ�ύ�ντ�ς ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of Συντάγµατ�ς: «�λες �ι ε��υσίες πηγά��υν απ� τ�ν Λα�, υπάρthe operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof ��υν υπέρ relative Aυτ�ύ τ�υ Έθν�υς has, και ασκ�ύνται, �πως �ρί�ει τ� prices (and the whatever otherκαι consequences results also rising of land potential speculation). Σύνταγµα», ηgentrification ∆ηµ�σια ∆ι�ίκηση ενatγένει και καθ’ έκαστ�ν potential relative speculation). The term is found first in theταUK in early 1960s and it refers to �ργανά είναι επι�ε�ληµέν�, εν at τωpeople κύκλω µέρ�υς The της term gentrification found first in the UKεπί in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy toτων buy property in poor the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas ασκ�υµένων υπ’ αυτών αρµ�δι�τήτων, να µεριµν�ύν για την σύνLondon, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there andτων thus old residents are ν�µη ε�υπηρέτηση των Π�λιτών και την αναγκαία πρ�στασία being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”. κατ’ ιδίαν δικαιωµάτων τ�υς, ενν�µων συµ�ερ�ντων κ.ά. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth ofperiod, thisδεν phenomenon is included the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth HA ωςdescription άνω πρ�σέγγιση απ�τρέπει, �ε�αίως, τηνin ενδε��µενη GLASS at the same while similar situations were in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major λήψη δυσµενών σε �άρ�ς των Π�λιτών, �ταν τ�ύτ� πρ�citiesµέτρων in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities inυπ� Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. �λέπεται τωνthe εκάστ�τε ισ�υ�υσών ρυθµίσεων ή επι�άλλεται Since then, issue has several scholars and for its more Since then, the issue π.�. has preoccupied several scholars andthe for various its more εκ των πραγµάτων, �πως περιπτώσεις απαλλ�τρίωσης comprehensive approach areσε being summarized below, from comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various ατ�µικής ιδι�κτησίας, κατά τα �ρι��µενα υπ� τ�υ ισ�ύ�ντ�ς interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new category of social groups Συντάγµατ�ς. to “return” to the theτης purlieus forδι�ίκησης several reasons: high costs in money Σηµειώνεται, �τιcity, «τ�leaving πνεύµα» �ρηστής πρέπει να and time travelτης from the purlieus to downtown, where place is, lack of the διέπει την to δράση εν γένει ∆ηµ�σιας ∆ι�ίκησης και τωνwork �ργάtermat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for 3. Bλ. Unemployment. Kωνστ. ΓE. AΘANAΣOΠOYΛOΣ: Θεσµικ� Πλαίσι� Περι�ερειlower living cost of, “withdrawal” private car easier access to markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, London and New York she came back to London, ακής Aνάπτυ�ης. T�µ. A’. NέαPrague, έκδ.from Aθήναι, 2007, σ. ? επ�µ. B. ∆. in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and ∆EΛHΘEOY: Θεσµικ� Πλαίσι� Περι�ερειακής Aνάπτυ�ης και OργάνωUniversity College of London, where she continued her social research. Her public action and long-term informal effort byMέρ�ς organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying σης τηςwork ∆ι�ίκησης τ�υ Kράτ�υς. ?. Aθήναι, ????, ? επ�µ. her are characterized by a passion for justice. Seeσ.also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling real estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part Eιof the urban web, in και A. MAPKANTΩNATOY-ΣKAΛTΣA: ∆ι�ικητικ� ∆ίκαι�: 4. Bλ. Βλ. Κωνστ. ΓΕ. ΑΘΑΝΑΣΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ: Διοικητικό Δίκαιο, 10th edit. Wil. COLLINS SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: Abstract. wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety ofσ.ways, in order to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually σαγωγή, Θεµελιώδεις ένν�ιες. Aθήνα, 2004, http://www.uncanny.net/ σ. 164 επ�µ. Αθήνα, 2014, 238
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Student of the School of Architecture Technical University of Crete
1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept 1. Introductory approach: the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term (or gentrification (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well),νων as the of a city area, the πλέ�ν removal from this, µετα�ρά�ε(in various της,“refining” απ� τ�υ πρώτ�υ έως τ�υ κατωτέρ�υ, Sociology as well), the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, of (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement artists, ταιasδε σε ακρι�ή τήρηση πρ�θεσµιών, «ε�αρµ�γή» δια��ρων ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries,�πως restaurants, However “change”, regardless of «αρ�ών», π.�. τηςetc. αρ�ής της this αµερ�ληψίας, της ισ�τητας the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the (πρ��λεπ�µένης υπ� τ�υ Συντάγµατ�ς), της πρ�τέρας ακρ�ασης whatever otherτ�υ consequences has, results also rising of land (and the potential relative speculation). ∆ι�ικ�ύµεν�υ (πρ��λεπ�µένης ευθέως υπ� prices τ�υ άρθρ�υ 20 potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to τ�υ ισ�ύ�ντ�ς Συντάγµατ�ς), της αναλ�γικ�τητας κ.ά. The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refers the then observed trend ofiswealthy toενbuy property in ofto Eνδεικτικώς ανα�έρεται πρ�κειµένω «η poor επιταγή» τ�υ the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas London, upgradeισ�ύ�ντ�ς them, stay Συντάγµατ�ς themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof (άρθρ� 42) πρ�ς τ�ν Πρ�εδρ� της ∆ηµ�London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. κρατίας να εκδίδει και να δηµ�σιεύει τ�υς ν�µ�υς, �ι �π�ί�ι έ��υν being indirectly “squeezed”. A description ψη�ισθεί of this phenomenon is included the work of Sociologist Ruth υπ� της B�υλής, εντ�ςinτακτής πρ�θεσµίας µην�ς απ� A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major την ψή�ισή τ�υς, η πρ��λεπ�µένη εγγύηση τ�υ Kράτ�υς (άρθρ� GLASS at the same period, while situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, othersimilar Researchers. 25) για ταby δικαιώµατα τ�υ Aνθρώπ�υ ως Aτ�µ�υ και ως Mέλ�υς cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then, the has scholars and for itsτ�υ more τ�υissue κ�ινωνικ�ύ συν�λ�υ καιseveral για την ε�αρµ�γή της αρ�ής K�ιSince then, νωνικ�ύ the issueKράτ�υς has several scholars and for its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized below, from the various ∆ικαί�υ: �λα τα Kρατικά �ργανα υπ��ρε�ύcomprehensive approach are being summarized from the various interpretations ofνται the phenomenon of gentrification, thebelow, following: να διασ�αλί��υν την ανεµπ�διστη και απ�τελεσµατική άσκηinterpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: In a sense, the σή phenomenon is dueείδ�υς to a trend of a new �ι category social groups τ�υς, ... �ι κάθε περι�ρισµ�ί, �π�ί�ι of µπ�ρ�ύν να επιto “return” to the�ληθ�ύν city, leaving the purlieus forπρ��λέπωνται several reasons: high in money σε αυτά πρέπει να είτε απ’costs ευθείας απ� τ� and time to travelΣύνταγµα, from the purlieus downtown, work place is, υπέρ lack of the είτε απ�to ν�µ�, ε�’ �σ�νwhere υπάρ�ει επι�ύλα�η αυτ�ύ termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth GLASS was born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, search for better και να σέ�ωνται την αρ�ή της αναλ�γικ�τητας, (της τελευταίας Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) µετα�ρα��µένης ανάγκη ύπαρ�ης λ�γικής σ�έYouth Unemployment. The same year στην she left Germany and afterπρ��αν�ύς continuous movements for lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car access markets, etc.where σης µετα�ύ Prague, συγκεκριµµένης ∆ι�ικητικ�ύ και studies and research in Geneva, London and ενέργειας Neweasier York she came to back to�ργάν�υ London, 5 in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to επιδιωκ�µέν�υ another approach, the is due a systematic and σκ�π�ύ) κ.ά. University College of London, where she continued her social research. Her public action and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order toPAΪKOΣ: achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually 5. Bλ. και Abstract. A. Θεµελιώδη ∆ικαιώµατα. Aθήναι, 2002, σ. 203. 2521 911
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