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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types ofΨυχρός Intervention, Κίνα - Ιαπωνία: Ασιατικός Πόλεμος και κούρσα Definition, Types of intervention, Concerns ofεξοπλισμών Gentrification
ConcernsΤου κ. Παν. ΣΚΑΛΤΣΟΥΝΗ By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS
Ο ανταγωνισμόςHarvard μεταξύUniversity, της Κίνας και τηςSchool Ιαπωνίας έχει αυξηθεί Graduate of Design, Student, Mr. George-Sp. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect σημαντικά τα τελευταία χρόνια By προξενώντας όλοC.και περισσότερο το Student of the School of Architecture ενδιαφέρον της διεθνούς κοινότητας, δεδομένου ότι η ανατολική Ασία Technical University of Crete αποτελεί μια από τις ταχύτερα αναπτυσσόμενες αλλά και πολυπληθείς περιοχές του κόσμου. Η Defining μορφή του ανταγωνισμού αυτού λαμβάνει 1. Introductory approach: the concept 1. Introductory approach: Defining the conceptκαι χώρα, εκτός του οικονομικού πεδίου, στον των ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC - 370τομέα BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC 370 BC, Athens), στρατιωτικών και us, έχει αφετηρία aτις εδαφικές κυρίως among other wiseεξοπλισμών heritage he left he established great “principle”: the among other wise leftthe us, he established a greatτης the acquisition of knowledge startshe with definition of Θάλασσα the content of“principle”: concepts. διαφορές των δύοheritage χωρών στην Ανατολική Κίνας και acquisition of knowledge starts with the definition of the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term συγκεκριμένα το νησιωτικό σύμπλεγμα Senkaku ή Diaoyu, όπως το 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification αποκαλούν Ιαπωνία και Κίνα αντίστοιχα. Αν και τα νησιά του 1 (and urban gentrification gentrification) indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal (in various συμπλέγματος αυτού της Ανατολικής Θάλασσας της this, Κίνας δεν Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, αποτελούν εδάφη σημαντικής στρατηγικής σημασίας τα there νερά ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement ofγύρω artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of από αυτά είναι πλούσια αλιευτικά πεδία ενώ το υπέδαφός τους είναι the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof whatever other consequences rising of land prices (andσε the πλούσιο σε speculation). ενεργειακούςhas, results πόρουςalso και συγκεκριμένα potential relative potential relative speculation). υδρογονάνθρακες και φυσικό αέριο. ταand νησιά αυτά The term gentrification is found at first inΣταδιακά the UK in λοιπόν, early 1960s it refers to The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas of έχουν μετατραπεί σε μήλον της έριδος για τις δύο ασιατικές χώρες πουto the then observed trend of wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves andνα thusδιασφαλίσει old residents are διψούν για ενέργεια με την Ιαπωνία να προσπαθεί ταof London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. κυριαρχικά της“squeezed”. δικαιώματα πάνω σε αυτά, έναντι της Κίνας, καθώς being indirectly A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth Η βρίσκονται υπό τον της για περισσότεροαπό έναν αιώνα.1Ruth A description of thisέλεγχό phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist GLASS at the same period, while similar in other major προσπάθεια της by Ιαπωνίας στηρίζεται εκσυγχρονισμό και GLASS at theαυτή same period, while situationsστον were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, othersimilar Researchers. στην αύξηση των αμυντικών της δαπανών καθώς και στη βελτίωση της cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more Since then, the issue has several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized from 1 comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various Η Ιαπωνία υποστηρίζει ότι of επίgentrification, 10 χρόνια the παρατηρούσε του interpretations of the phenomenon following: τα νησιά interpretations of the(στα phenomenon gentrification, thecategory following: συμπλέγματος Senkaku ιαπωνικά) Diaoyu (στα για να καθορίσει ήταν In a sense, the phenomenon is dueήof to a trend ofκινέζικα) a new of socialαν groups ακατοίκητα στιςcity, 14 Ιανουαρίου 1895 τα επισήμως to “return” και to the leaving theτου purlieus forενσωμάτωσε several reasons: high στην costsεπικράτειά in money της. Υποστηρίζει επίσης, ότι μόνο μετά τη δεκαετία του '70, όταν εντοπίστηκαν and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the ενεργειακοί πόροι στα distributed νησιά, έσπευσαν να ταGLASS, διεκδικήσουν η Κίνα και ηsearch Ταϊβάν. Από τηνin 1.of The term from Sociologist Ruth 1912-1940. Ruth GLASS was born sense safety atcomes the residencies outside town centres, for better Berlin, where she made υποστηρίζει her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: πλευρά του, το Πεκίνο ότι τα κυριαρχικά του δικαιώματα επί των νησιών services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for ανάγονται στο αυτοκρατορικό παρελθόν της χώρας και συγκεκριμένα στις δυναστείες lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, των Mingshe (1368-1644) και των Qing (1644-1912). Πιο συγκεκριμένα, κινεζική πλευρά in According 1943 published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due aη systematic and University College of London, where sheαποτελούσαν continued her social της research. Her public and θεωρεί ότι informal τα αμφισβητούμενα νησιά μέρος Κινεζικής Αυτοκρατορίας long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers ofaction buying her διαδραμάτιζαν work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: ENGLISH DICTIONARY. και σημαντικό ρόλοdepreciation στην άμυνα κατάCOLLINS τωνpart ιαπωνικών πειρατικών and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for the initially of of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Co Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: επιδρομών. G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
εκπαίδευσης των στρατιωτικών της δυνάμεων σε συνεργασία με αυτές των Η.Π.Α., ώστε να περιοριστούν οι απειλές που θέτουν στην περιοχή οι κινεζικές φιλοδοξίες. Από την πλευρά της, η Κίνα, που θέτει ως στόχοτην εδραίωσή της ως νέα υπερδύναμη στο παγκόσμιο στερέωμα, κατανοεί ότι η μονόπλευρη ανάπτυξη της οικονομίας της δεν θα οδηγήσει στην επίτευξη του στόχου της αλλά οφείλει να ενισχύσει και By Mr. George-Sp. ATHANASOPOULOS τις ένοπλες δυνάμεις της. Οι τελευταίες, αν και C. έχουν βελτιωθεί και Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, εκσυγχρονιστεί σημαντικά τα τελευταία χρόνια, σε πολλούς Student, τομείς By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect παραμένουν απαρχαιωμένες σε σύγκρισηStudent με τις δυνάμεις άλλων χωρών of the School of Architecture όπως αυτές των Η.Π.Α., αλλά σε ορισμένους τομείς καιUniversity με αυτές της Technical of Crete Ιαπωνίας. Υπό αυτό το πρίσμα η συνεχής αύξηση των στρατιωτικών 1. Introductory approach: concept δαπανών της Κίνας δενDefining είναι the παράλογηπρακτική καθώς όπως 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, υποστηρίζουν και πολλοί αξιωματούχοι στο Πεκίνο, δεν γίνεται η Κίνα ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great να διεκδικεί ηγεμονικό ρόλο σε παγκόσμιο επίπεδο όταν δεν μπορεί the να among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the επιβληθεί στους γείτονές της.with Δενthe αποτελεί λοιπόν έκπληξη το γεγονός acquisition of knowledge starts the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” indefinition a first, if of not final, approach, the term ότι το 2016 οι αμυντικές δαπάνες της Κίνας αυξήθηκαν κατά 7%,σε 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term (and urban gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 σχέση μεasτις αντίστοιχες του προηγούμενου προσεγγίζοντας το gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in the areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, theέτους, removal from (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ποσό των 225δις δολαρίων σύμφωνα με το ινστιτούτο SIPRI, ενώ το ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), social groups, usually of and thethis placement of 7%. artists, 2017 οιofαμυντικές δαπάνες τηςlow-income χώρας αυξήθηκαν εκ νέουthere κατά the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”, regardless of2 the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land (and theof Ακολούθως, η Ιαπωνία με τον ShinzoAbe στο τιμόνι της prices συντηρητικής whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative κυβέρνησης καιspeculation). παρά το τεράστιο δημόσιο χρέοςτης χώρας που αγγίζει potential relative speculation). termτου gentrification is found first in the UK in early να 1960s it refers to το The 240% ΑΕΠ, δείχνει και at αυτή μηand μείνει πίσω The term gentrification found atpeople firstαποφασισμένη in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refers the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor ofto στην κούρσα των εξοπλισμών δαπανώντας το 2016ένα ποσόof the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old residents are 3 Παράλληλα, το μεγαλύτερο των50δις δολαρίων για το σκοπό αυτό. London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. Ιαπωνικό κοινοβούλιο έχει ήδη εγκρίνει του 1,3% being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is includedαυξήσητηςτάξεως in the work of Sociologist Ruth 4 Ποιο in A description of this phenomenon is included the work of Sociologist Ruth των αμυντικών δαπανών για το 2017. είναι όμως το μέγεθος και GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major οι δυνατότητες των στρατιωτικών δυνάμεων των δύο χωρών και πόσο cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in είναι Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then,να the issue has several scholars and for περιοχή its more πιθανό εμπλακούν σε μία σύγκρουση στην ευρύτερη Since then, the issue has preoccupied several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach are being summarized from της ανατολικής Ασίας; comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations ofαφορά the phenomenon of gentrification,δυνάμεις the following: Όσον στις στρατιωτικές της Ιαπωνίας, interpretations the phenomenon the following: In a sense, theof phenomenon dueof togentrification, a trend of a new σύμφωνα με τα επίσημα isστοιχεία που δίνει category η ίδια of η social χώραgroups στη to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money δημοσιότητα, αποτελούνται από 247.000 άτομα, ενώ το εφεδρικό and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the προσωπικό ανέρχεται 57.000 άτομα. Τα1912-1940. άρματα μάχης που διαθέτει 1.of The term from σε Sociologist Ruth GLASS, Ruth search GLASS wasbetter born in sense safety atcomes the distributed residencies outside town centres, for Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc. studies 2 and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back to London, where http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-39165080[accessed June 2017]in in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher the to another approach, the is due a 20 systematic and 3 University College of London, where she continued her social research. Her 2017] public action and http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-28978322[accessed 22June long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying 4 her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. http://www.janes.com/article/66509/japan-approves-2017-defence-budget-ofand selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: usd43-6-billion[accessed 22 June 2017] G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
ο ιαπωνικός στρατός αριθμούν γύρω στα 700 και τα μαχητικά αεροσκάφη περίπου στα 720, ενώ το πολεμικό ναυτικό διαθέτει μεταξύ άλλων 16 υποβρύχια και 2 πλοία της κλάσης «Hyūga», που αποκαλούνται «helicopter destroyers» και όχι «aircraft carriers», καθώς και ένα πλοίο της κλάσης «Izumo» το οποίο βαφτίστηκε και αυτό «helicopterdestroyer».5 Η αποφυγή της χρήσης του όρου By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS «aircraftcarrier» εκ μέρους της Ιαπωνίας γίνεται καθώς στο σύνταγμα Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, ου της τελευταίας, μετά το τέλος του 2 παγκοσμίου πολέμου, By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect συμπεριλήφθηκε ρήτρα που καθιστά Student παράνομο τηof χώρα να of the για School Architecture διαθέτει επιθετικό στρατό και ένα αεροπλανοφόρο χαρακτηρίζεται ως Technical University of Crete 6 επιθετικό όπλο. Έτσι, αν και προς το παρόν τα τρία αυτά πλοία 1. Introductory Defining the concept μεταφέρουν και approach: χρησιμοποιούνται από ελικόπτερα αναλυτές εκτιμούν 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, ότι στο μέλλον το «Izumo», που είναι και το μεγαλύτερο από τα τρία ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the ελικοπτεροφόρα πλοία του ιαπωνικού στόλου, θα μπορούσε να among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the χρησιμοποιηθεί από μαχητικά πουthe έχουν τηofδυνατότητα acquisition of knowledge starts withαεροπλάνα theindefinition content concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term κάθετης αποπροσγείωσηςαυξάνονταςμε αυτό τον τρόπο τιςPlanning) μαχητικές 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term (and urban gentrification) area of (or gentrification 7 Η εκτίμηση 1 (and δυνατότητες της χώρας. αυτή από τη gentrification urban gentrification) indicated (in ενισχύεται thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various συνεχιζόμενη ένταση στις διμερείς σχέσεις Κίνας-Ιαπωνίας αλλά και ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), social groups, usually of low-income andΔεκέμβριο thethis placement of artists, από τοofγεγονός ότι τοΤόκιο, ήδη etc. απόHowever το τουthere 2011, έχει the operation of art galleries, restaurants, “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other has, results πολλαπλών also rising ofρόλων land prices (and theof παραγγείλει 42consequences μαχητικά αεροσκάφη τύπου F-35, whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, resultsτα also rising ofχρόνια land prices (and the potential τα οποίαrelative αναμένεται να παραδοθούν επόμενα και μεταξύ potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first inαποπροσγείωσης. the UK in early 1960s and it refers to άλλων τη δυνατότητα κάθετης Παράλληλα,τα Theέχουν term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor νέα μαχητικά αεροσκάφηθα αντικαταστήσουν αρκετά από τα the αυτά then observed trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old residents areof απαρχαιωμένα αεροσκάφη τύπουF-4 PhantomII αυξάνοντας την ισχύ London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. των αεροπορικών δυνάμεων isτης χώρας,ενώθα να being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon included in the work ofμπορούσαν Sociologist Ruth
A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major 5 GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities inhttp://www.jeffhead.com/worldwideaircraftcarriers/22ddh.htm[accessed Western countries, by other Researchers. 22June cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more 2017] 6 Since issue το has preoccupied several scholars andthe forΙαπωνίας, its more Από then, το 2014the ωστόσο, υπουργικό του πρωθυπουργού της comprehensive approach are being συμβούλιο summarized below, from various comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various ShinzoAbe, προχώρησε σε μία επανερμηνεία του άρθρου 9 του Συντάγματος interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: interpretations of the phenomenon the following: προκειμένου τις στρατιωτικές δυνατότητες της χώρας. of Μέσωαυτής της In a sense,να theδιευρύνει phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new category social groups επανερμηνείας του Συντάγματος της Ιαπωνίας τερματίστηκε η απαγόρευση της άσκησης to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money «συλλογικής αυτοάμυνας», προσφοράς where βοήθειας φιλική χώραofπου and time to travel from the δηλαδή purlieusτης to downtown, workσεplace is, lack the δέχεται επίθεση. Η σημασία αυτής της απόφασης είναι ιδιαίτερα σημαντική ανin 1. The term comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth GLASS wasbetter born sense of safety at the distributed residencies outside town centres, search for Berlin, whereκανείς she made her first studies. In Σύνταγμα 1932 she published an important study entitled: αναλογιστεί ότι το μεταπολεμικό της Ιαπωνίας, το οποίο δεν είχε services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for υποστεί μέχρι τότε αναθεώρηση, απαγόρευε ρητώς τηcame διατήρηση επιθετικών lower living cost of, καμία “withdrawal” from private access to markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she back to London, στρατιωτικών δυνάμεων καθώς και την the αποστολή στρατιωτικών δυνάμεων πέρα απόin τα in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 she teacher the to another approach, is due tobecame a systematic and University College where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and σύνορα της informal χώρας. of London, long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying 7 her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. http://nationalinterest.org/blog/the-buzz/japans-navy-unveils-aircraft-carrierand selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: disguise-12483[accessed 24June 2017] G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
καταστήσουν το «Izumo» ένα πανίσχυρο όπλο στην Ανατολική Θάλασσα της Κίνας.8 Για την ώρα πάντως και σύμφωνα με την κυβέρνηση της χώρας του ανατέλλοντος ηλίου τα πλοία αυτά χρησιμοποιούνται σε αποστολές εθνικής άμυνας, κυρίως ανθυποβρυχιακού πολέμου και επιτήρησης θαλάσσιων συνόρων καθώς και για τη μεταφορά προσωπικού και εφοδίων σε περιοχές που By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS έχουν πληγεί από φυσικές καταστροφές. Εκτός των πλοίων που Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, αναφέρθηκαν παραπάνω μεγάλο ενδιαφέρον παρουσιάζουν και τα By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect ιαπωνικά υποβρύχια τύπου «Sōryū». Student Πρόκειται για ντιζελοκίνητα of the School of Architecture ηλεκτρικά υποβρύχια τα οποία θεωρούνται από τα πιο προηγμένα Technical University of Crete παγκοσμίως. Στις υπηρεσίες του ιαπωνικού πολεμικού ναυτικού 1. Introductory approach:8Defining concept βρίσκονται τουλάχιστον τέτοιουthe τύπου υποβρύχια, ενώ άλλα 4 είναι 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, υπό κατασκευή και σε συνδυασμό με το καλά εκπαιδευμένοτους ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among otherαλλά wise heritage heδυνατότητες left us, he established a ίδιο great the πλήρωμα και τις που το το υποβρύχιο among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the προσφέρει, η επιχειρησιακή του αυτονομία, οι τορπίλες και οι acquisition ofόπως knowledge starts with thein definition the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term βαλλιστικοί πύραυλοι που μπορεί να φέρει αλλά και να 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term (and urban gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 εκτοξεύσεικαθώς η ικανότητα stealthπου διαθέτει-παρά το gentrification (and urban gentrification) isarea, indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), asκαι the “refining” of a city the removal (inμεγάλο various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various του μέγεθος καθιστούν τον τύπο του υποβρυχίου αυτού ένα ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, ofτης low-income and9 the placement of artists, Παράλληλα, η Ιαπωνία σημαντικό όπλο σταusually χέρια Ιαπωνίας. the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”,there regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has,ότι results rising of land prices «Sōryū» (and theof εκμεταλλεύεται το γεγονός ταalso υποβρύχια τύπου whatever otherspeculation). consequences results also rising of Mitsubishi land prices (and the potential relative κατασκευάζονται από τις has, εγχώριες εταιρείες Heavy potential relative speculation). The term και gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to Industries Kawasaki Shipbuilding της τη The term gentrification found atpeople first in Corporation, the UK in earlyδίνοντας 1960s and itareas refers the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor ofto δυνατότητα να προμηθεύσει με αυτά και άλλες πουinθεωρούν ότιof the then observed trend wealthy people to there buyχώρες property poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes and thus old residents are τα συμφέροντα τους απειλούνται από την Κίνα. Μία από αυτές London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residentsτις are being indirectly “squeezed”. χώρες είναι η Ινδία η οποία σύμφωνα με πρόσφατα δημοσιεύματα, being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth A description this απόκτηση phenomenon included inwere the work of Sociologist Ruth ενδιαφέρεται γιαofperiod, την 6 isυποβρυχίων τύπου«Sōryū» απόmajor την GLASS at the same while similar situations recorded in other GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major Ιαπωνία, δημιουργώντας επιπλέον πονοκεφάλους στην κινεζική cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Since then, issueβλέπει has several scholars and for its more κυβέρνηση η the οποία με Researchers. δυσαρέσκεια την ισχυροποίηση των Since then, the issue has preoccupied several below, scholars andthe for various its more 10 comprehensive approach are being summarized from γειτονικών της κρατών. Τέλος, όσον αφορά στα αντιπυραυλικά της comprehensive approach are being summarized from the various interpretations ofΙαπωνία the phenomenon of gentrification, thebelow, following: συστήματα,η κατέχει βαλλιστικούς πυραύλους MIM-104 interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups Patriot που διαθέτουν αντιπυραυλικές ικανότητες, ενώ παράλληλα σε to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money συνεργασία με from τις Η.Π.Α. η Ιαπωνία έχει where αναπτύξει τουλάχιστον 6 and time to travel the purlieus to downtown, work place is, lack of the The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.of safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin,8https://www.reuters.com/article/us-lockheed-martin-canada-f35-orders/factboxwhere she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for the-11-countries-expected-to-buy-f-35-fighter-jet-idUSKBN0EG2XD20140605[accessed lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, 24June 2017] in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and 9 University College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public and http://www.janes.com/article/68275/japan-to-equip-future-soryu-classlong-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, ofaction buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. submarines-with-lithium-ion-batteries[accessed 26See June 2017] and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: 10 http://nationalinterest.org/feature/five-japanese-weapons-war-china-shouldG. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually
fear-10660[accessed 26 June 2017]
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
πολεμικά πλοία που διαθέτουν το σύγχρονο αντιπυραυλικό σύστημα AEGIS, με το εύροςτου βεληνεκούς των αντιβαλλιστικών πυραύλων τουςνα προσεγγίζει τα 2.500 χιλιόμετρα και η ταχύτητα τους τα 4,5 χιλιόμετρα το δευτερόλεπτο.11 Από την πλευρά της, η Κίνα, διαθέτει τις πολυπληθέστερες στρατιωτικές δυνάμεις παγκοσμίως, οι οποίες ξεπερνούν τα 2.285.000 By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS άτομα με μία πρόσθετη δυνατότητα 2.300.000 εφέδρων. Μία Harvard University, Graduate School of Student, βασικήδιαφορά ανάμεσα στις δυνάμεις της Κίνας και Design, της Ιαπωνίας By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect είναι πως αυτές της πρώτης κατέχουνStudent 250 πυρηνικές σε of the Schoolκεφαλές of Architecture αντίθεση με αυτές τις Ιαπωνίας που δενTechnical διαθέτουν πυρηνικό University of Crete οπλοστάσιο. Τα άρματα μάχης του κινεζικού στρατού ξεπερνούν τα 1. Introductory approach: Defining concept 9.000, ωστόσο πολλά από αυτά the είναι παλαιάς τεχνολογίας ενώ τα 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, μαχητικά της αεροσκάφη προσεγγίζουν τα 1800, αρκετά εκ των ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the 12 Τα τελευταία χρόνια όμως οποίωνείναι επίσης απαρχαιωμένα. among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the γίνεται μεγάλη προσπάθεια να the αναπτυχθούν ταcontent κινέζικα μαχητικά acquisition of knowledge starts with the of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” indefinition a first, if of not final, approach, the term ης γενιάς τύπου J-20 και αεροσκάφη 5 J-31, ως απάντηση στα F1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term (and urban gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 35.Ωστόσο, προς το“refining” παρόν δεν είναι εφικτόνα με gentrification (and urban gentrification) isarea, indicated (in theπροσδιοριστεί areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the of a city the removal from (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ασφάλεια η μαχητική τους αξία καθώς η ηγεσία της χώρας δεν αφήνει ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, 13and ways), of social groups, usually of low-income thethis placement there of artists, Όσον αφορά στις ναυτικές να διαρρεύσουν σχετικές πληροφορίες. the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever consequences has, resultsαρκετά also rising of land prices (and και theof δυνάμεις other της Κίναςέχουν αναπτυχθεί τα τελευταία χρόνια whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative speculation). σε αυτές συμπεριλαμβάνονται,μεταξύ άλλων,το αεροπλανοφόρο potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first inΚίνα the UK earlyαπό 1960sτην andΟυκρανία it refers to «Liaoning», το οποίο είχε αποκτήσειη τοin1998 The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor και προκειμένου να to μπορεί να ανταποκριθεί στιςof theανακατασκευάστηκε, then observed trend wealthy sometimes people buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves there and thus old residents are απαιτήσεις της ηγεσίας, ενώ κατασκευάζεται ακόμα ένα London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. 14 Το αεροπλανοφόρο και υπάρχουν σχέδιαγια τουλάχιστον τρία ακόμα. being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth A description ofδιαθέτει this phenomenon is situations included inwere theστόλο work of Sociologist Ruth κινέζικο επίσης έναν αξιόλογο ντιζελοκίνητων GLASS atναυτικό the same period, while similar recorded in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major και πυρηνοκίνητων υποβρυχίων, σαφώς μεγαλύτερο σε μέγεθος από cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then, the issue has several for its more τον αντίστοιχο ιαπωνικό,ενώσύμφωνα με τηνscholars ετήσιαand αναφορά του Since then, the issue has preoccupied several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach are being summarized from πενταγώνου των Η.Π.Α. στο κογκρέσο, έχει ξεπεράσει και τον comprehensive approach are being summarized from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thebelow, following: interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups 11 https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2017/06/26/national/politicsto “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money diplomacy/japan-u-s-mull-quicker-missile-defense-upgrades-deployment-aegisand time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the ashore/#.WgL87Wi0Pcc[accessed 26residencies JuneRuth 2017] 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense safety the distributed outside town centres, Berlin,12where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/international/world-news/chinaservices of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for mulls-first-joint-military-command-system/articleshow/28334053.cms[accessed 26etc. June lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, where 2017] in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and 13 University College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public and http://nationalinterest.org/feature/five-chinese-weapons-war-america-shouldlong-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, ofaction buying her work are characterized by2017] a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. fear-10388[accessed 26 June and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: 14 https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/apr/26/china-launches-secondG. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually
130
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
αντίστοιχο στόλο των αμερικανικών υποβρυχίων σε μέγεθος.15Αν και είναι γεγονός πως αρκετά από τα υποβρύχια του κινεζικού στόλου είναι απαρχαιωμένα και δεν μπορούν να συναγωνιστούν τα ιαπωνικά «Sōryū», τα πυρηνοκίνητα υποβρύχια τύπου 094 της Κίνας είναι εξοπλισμένα με βαλλιστικούς πυραύλους JL-2, με μέγιστο βεληνεκές έως και 8000 χιλιόμετρα, δίνοντας τους τη δυνατότητα να προσβάλουν By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS στόχους πέραν του ιαπωνικού εδάφους, αποτελώντας έτσι μια σοβαρή Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, απειλή όχι μόνο κατά της Ιαπωνίας αλλά και κατά των συμμάχων της.16 By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Σχετικά με τις πυραυλικές και αντιπυραυλικές Κίνας, Studentδυνατότητες of the School ofτης Architecture άξιο αναφοράς είναι το αντιπυραυλικό σύστημαTechnical κινεζικής τεχνολογίας University of Crete FD-2000 το οποίο έχει τη δυνατότητα εντοπισμού στόχων σε πολύ 1. Introductory approach: the concept μεγάλη απόσταση και σεDefining συνδυασμό με τη μεγάλη ταχύτητα των 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, αντιβαλλιστικών πυραύλων που εκτοξεύει, η οποία αγγίζει τα 4,2Mach, ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the αποτελεί ένα ιδιαίτερα αποτελεσματικό αμυντικό σύστημα. Άλλο ένα among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the πλεονέκτημα του συστήματος αυτού είναι ηtheτοποθέτησή του σε acquisition of knowledge starts with the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” indefinition a first, if of not final, approach, the term κινητές μονάδες που τo καθιστά ευέλικτο καθώς και προστατευμένο, 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term (and urban gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and ως ένα βαθμό, αντίμετρα. η Κίνα έχει αναπτύξει τον gentrification urban gentrification) indicated (in the area of Planning) (or Sociology as well), asαπό the “refining” of a Ακόμα, cityisarea, the removal from this, (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various αντιπλοϊκό πύραυλο Dong Feng 21D, ο οποίος εκτοξεύεται στο ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and placement of artists, διάστημα και συνέχεια κατέρχεται γηthe μεthis ταχύτητα μεγαλύτερη the operation ofστη art galleries, restaurants, etc. στη However “change”,there regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever otherκαι consequences has, results also rising of landΑυτός prices ο(and theof των 10 Mach εμβέλεια 1500 χιλιομέτρων περίπου. τύπος whatever other consequences has, also rising ofεναντίον land prices (and the potential relative speculation). αντιπλοϊκού πυραύλου μπορεί ναresults χρησιμοποιηθεί εχθρικών potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to πλοίων στην περιοχή της atatΑνατολικής της Κίνας, The term gentrification found first in the UKΘάλασσας in early 1960s and itareas refers the then observed trend ofiswealthy people to buy property in poor ofto καθιστώντας ευάλωτα ταwealthy μεγάλαpeople πλοίαto της Ιαπωνίας, καθώς καιof the then observed trend buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are έναντι των αεροπλανοφόρων των Η.Π.Α. στον Ειρηνικό Ωκεανό, London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residentsσε are being indirectly “squeezed”. περίπτωση μιας γενικευμένης σύρραξης στην ευρύτερη περιοχή της being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth 17 A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere theΩστόσο, work of Sociologist Ruth σύμφωνα με ανατολικής και του Ειρηνικού Ωκεανού. GLASS at theΑσίας same while similar recorded in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major τον ερευνητή Ινστιτούτου Διεθνών Σπουδών Κίνας, TengJianqun, cities in Western του countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Since then,πρόοδο the issueτης has and for its more «παρά την ΚίναςResearchers. στονseveral τομέαscholars των αντιπυραυλικών Since then, the issue has preoccupied several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach are being summarized from συστημάτων, η χώρα έχει αρκετό δρόμο να διανύσει στον τομέα αυτό comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the ακόμα following: καθώς τα αμυντικά της συστήματα δε διαθέτουν τη δυνατότητα interpretations the phenomenon the following: a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups να In προστατεύσουν ολόκληρη την επικράτεια σε category περίπτωση επίθεσης to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money από εχθρικούς πυραύλους», ενώ ένας ακόμα κινέζος αναλυτής and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack ofπου the διατήρησε την ανωνυμία του συμπληρώνει ότι«η Κίνα δεν είναιfor ακόμα 1.of The term from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth GLASS was born in sense safety atcomes the distributed residencies outside town centres, search better Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and 15 University College of London, where she continued her social research. Her public action and http://time.com/3724323/china-submarines/[accessed 26 June 2017] long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying 16 are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. her work http://www.military-today.com/navy/jin_class.htm[accessed 26the June 2017]web, in and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of urban 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: 17 https://thediplomat.com/2013/04/the-df-21d-or-carrier-killer-an-instrument-ofG. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
σε θέση να αναπτύξει αντιπυραυλικά όπλα πάνω σε πλοία, όπως έχουν ήδη πράξει οι Η.Π.Α. και η Ιαπωνία».18 Σε μια υποθετική μελλοντική σύγκρουση μεταξύ Ιαπωνίας και Κίνας είναι προφανές ότι σημαντικότερο ρόλο θα διαδραματίσουν οι αεροπορικές και οι ναυτικές δυνάμεις των δύο χωρών καθώς και οι αντιπυραυλικές τους ικανότητες,δεδομένου ότι κύριο πεδίο By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS ανταγωνισμού μεταξύ των δύο χωρών αποτελεί το νησιωτικό Harvard University, Graduate School of Student, σύμπλεγμα Senkaku ή Diayou το οποίο βρίσκεται σταDesign, ανοιχτά της By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Ανατολικής Θάλασσας της Κίνας. Προς Student την κατεύθυνση αυτή λοιπόν of the School of Architecture φαίνεται πως κινούνται οι δύο χώρες, με την Ιαπωνία σε στενή Technical University of Crete συνεργασία με τις Η.Π.Α. να ενισχύει σημαντικά την πολεμική της 1. Introductory Defining the concept F-3519 καθώς και με την αεροπορία με ταapproach: νέα μαχητικά αεροσκάφη 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, ανάπτυξη πολεμικών πλοίων εξοπλισμένων με το αντιπυραυλικό ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established aπολεμικά great the σύστημα AEGIS, ενώ παράλληλα τα ιαπωνικά υποβρύχια among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the «Sōryū» καθώς και τοstarts νέοwith τηςthe ελικοπτεροφόρο πλοίοofτης κλάσης acquisition of knowledge the content concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” indefinition a first, if of not final, approach, the term «Izumo» ενισχύουν σημαντικά τις επιθετικές και αμυντικές 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term (and urban gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification 1των δυνατότητες της. την πλευρά της καιthis, Κίνα έχει gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in the area ofηPlanning) (or Sociology as well), as δυνάμεων the “refining” of aΑπό cityisarea, the removal from (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various σημειώσει σημαντική πρόοδο στον τομέα των μαχητικών αεροσκαφών ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, usually of low-income thethis placement of artists, γενιάς μαχητικά αεροσκάφη με χαρακτηριστικότερο παράδειγμα τα However 5ηςand the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. “change”,there regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever otherπου consequences has, results also rising ofκρατικές land prices (and theof J-20 και J-31 κατασκευάζονται από κινεζικές εταιρείες. whatever consequences has, results risingτο of land prices (and the potential relative Ακόμα, μεother τιςspeculation). τροποποιήσεις που also υπέστη αεροπλανοφόρο potential relative speculation). The term gentrification found at first in theολοκλήρωσης UK in early 1960sενός and it refers to «Liaoning» και σε isαναμονή της ακόμα The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor αεροπλανοφόρου που κατασκευάζεται στα κινέζικα ναυπηγεία καθώς the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old residents areof και τουλάχιστον άλλων τριών που σχεδιάζονται, το κινεζικό πολεμικό London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. ναυτικό αναβαθμίζεται σημαντικά ενώ ταυτόχρονα οι being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the workαυξάνονται of Sociologistκαι Ruth A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth δυνατότητες των μαχητικών αεροσκαφών της πολεμικής αεροπορίας GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major GLASS at theέχοντας same period, situations were recorded in other major της χώρας πλέον τηsimilar δυνατότητα να επιχειρούν και από cities in Western countries, bywhile other Researchers. cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. Since then, the issue hasΚίνα preoccupied severalσημαντική scholars and for its more αεροπλανοφόρο. Τέλος,η έχει γνωρίσει ανάπτυξη και Since then, the issue has preoccupied several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach are being summarized from στον τομέα των βαλλιστικών και αντιβαλλιστικών συστημάτων, όπως comprehensive approach are being summarized from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thebelow, following: αναφέρθηκε παραπάνω, ενώ δεν γίνεται να αγνοηθεί και το γεγονός interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups ότι κατέχει έναν σημαντικό αριθμό πυρηνικών κεφαλών που to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money 20 προσδίδουν επιπλέον κύρος στιςtoστρατιωτικές τηςwork δυνάμεις. and time to travel from the purlieus downtown, where place is, lack of the termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth18Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-28478853[accessed 26 June 2017] lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc. studies 19 and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back to London, where Ιαπωνία έχειstudies αναπτύξει ήδηthe από τη δεκαετία 1990 τα δικά in της in According 1943Ηshe published regarding city planning. In 1950 she teacher the to another approach, phenomenon isτου due tobecame a και systematic and Universityμαχητικά College of αεροσκάφη London, where she continued her social research. Her public action and σύγχρονα τύπου MitsubishiF-2, μέσω της ιαπωνικής εταιρείας long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. MitsubishiHeavyIndustries. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: 20 https://thediplomat.com/2014/10/a-closer-look-at-chinas-militaryG. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually
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Ωστόσο, παρά την Types ανάπτυξη των δυνάμεων και GENTRIFICATION Definition, of στρατιωτικών Intervention, την αύξηση των δαπανών των δύο χωρών στον τομέα των Definition, of intervention, Concerns of Gentrification στρατιωτικών εξοπλισμών,Types μία σύγκρουση στο άμεσο μέλλον δεν μοιάζει πιθανό σενάριο. Αυτή τη στιγμή η Ιαπωνία είναι η χώρα με το Concerns μεγαλύτερο δημόσιο χρέος παγκοσμίως, το οποίο υπολογίζεται ότι
ξεπερνά τα 10 τρις δολάρια, ενώ από την πλευρά της η Κίνα το By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS περασμένο έτος έθεσε το χαμηλότερο αναπτυξιακό στόχο των Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, 21 τελευταίων 15 ετών, ο οποίος ορίστηκε στο 6,7% για το 2016. By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Καθίσταται σαφές λοιπόν, ότι προτεραιότητα δύο of χωρών, σε Student of των the School Architecture αυτήν τουλάχιστον τη χρονική συγκυρία, είναι ηTechnical ρύθμισηUniversity και η επίλυση of Crete των οικονομικών τους ζητημάτων και όχι μία διένεξη με έπαθλο το 1. Introductory approach: Definingήthe concept Δεν είναι όμως μόνο οι νησιωτικό σύμπλεγμα Senkaku Diaoyu. 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, οικονομικές συγκυρίες που καθιστούν απαγορευτική μια σύγκρουση ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage heτο left us, he established a great the στο εγγύς μέλλον αλλά και αβέβαιο της έκβασης της. Το αριθμητικό among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the πλεονέκτημα της Κίναςstarts δενwith αποτελεί σε καμία περίπτωση εγγύηση acquisition of knowledge theindefinition the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term νικηφόρου αποτελέσματος σε περίπτωση μιας επιθετικής ενέργειας 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term (and urban gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification 1της της έναντι Ιαπωνίας. Αυτό η this, είναι gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (inδιότι thefrom area ofΚίνα Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisσυμβαίνει area, the removal (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various απομονωμένη στο χώρο της Ανατολικής Ασίας, με μοναδικό της ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, usually and the placement there of artists, σύμμαχο στην περιοχή τηνof low-income προβληματική και αναξιόπιστηΒόρεια the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, υπό results of land prices (and theof Κορέα,η κυβέρνηση της οποίας τονalso Κιμrising Γιονγκ-Ουν ενδιαφέρεται whatever other consequences has, εσωτερικό results also rising of landΠολλές prices (and the potential speculation). μόνο γιαrelative την εδραίωσή της στο της χώρας. άλλες potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found atεκτός first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to χώρες ευρύτερη περιοχή, Ιαπωνίας, με προεξέχοντες Theστην term gentrification found atpeople first inτης the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor την την Ταϊβάν, το Βιετνάμ και τιςtoΦιλιππίνες αισθάνονται ότιof the Ινδία, then observed trend wealthy sometimes people buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves there and thus old residents are απειλούνται και αυτές από τις φιλοδοξίες της Κίνας και επομένως η London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. στάση τους, σε “squeezed”. περίπτωση μίας σύγκρουσης Κίνα καιRuth την being indirectly A description of this phenomenon is included inανάμεσαστην the work of Sociologist A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth Ιαπωνία, σίγουρα θα ανησυχεί το Πεκίνο. Επίσης, δεν πρέπει να GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major παραβλέπεται το αξιόμαχο τωνResearchers. ιαπωνικών δυνάμεων οι οποίες έχουν cities in Western countries, by other cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then, the issue has several scholarsστις and αντίστοιχες for its more τη δυνατότητα να προξενήσουν μεγάλες απώλειες Since then, the issue has preoccupied several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach are being summarized from κινεζικές στα πλαίσια μιας σύγκρουσης, γεγονός που θα λειτουργούσε comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, theΚίνας. following:Ένας ακόμα αποσταθεροποιητικά στο εσωτερικό της interpretations the phenomenon of thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon togentrification, a trend of a new social groups παράγοντας που συνηγορείis due κατά μιας σύγκρουσης τωνofδύο χωρών to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money είναι η παρουσία των Η.Π.Α. στην ανατολική Ασία και στον Ειρηνικό and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the Ωκεανό. Όπως είχε δηλώσει πολλές φορές στοcentres, παρελθόν πρώην 1.of The term from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASSοfor was born in sense safety atcomes the distributed residencies outside town better Berlin, whereτων she made her first studies. In 1932 she ο published an important study entitled: πρόεδρος Η.Π.Α., Barack Obama, γεωγραφικός χώρος της services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for ανατολικής Ασίας και τουPrague, Ειρηνικού Ωκεανού αποτελεί ζωτική περιοχή lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and για τα αμερικανικά συμφέροντα, ενώ αυτό αντικατοπτρίζεται και στην University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, ofaction buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: 21 https://qz.com/890084/chinas-official-2016-gdp-growth-was-6-7-and-theG. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
πράξη από τις πολυάριθμες στρατιωτικές βάσεις που διαθέτουν οι Η.Π.Α. στην περιοχή αυτή καθώς και από τα συχνά κοινά στρατιωτικά γυμνάσια και ασκήσεις που διεξάγονται από τις Η.Π.Α. και τους συμμάχους 22 Mr. ΔενGeorge-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS τους, Νότια Κορέα και Ιαπωνία.By Harvard University, πρέπει να θεωρείται λοιπόν και τόσοGraduate School of Design, Student, By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect πιθανό σενάριο η διακινδύνευση, εκ Student of the School of Architecture μέρους της Κίνας, μιας επιθετικής Technical University of Crete ενέργειας κατάτης Ιαπωνίας, στην 1. Introductory approach: concept οποία είναι πιθανόν να Defining πληγούνthe και 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, δυνάμεις των Η.Π.Α. που βρίσκονται ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wiseκαθώς heritage he left us, heθα established(444 a great the στην περιοχή, κάτι τέτοιο among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the περιέπλεκε κατάσταση θα acquisition of την knowledge starts withκαι theindefinition the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term απομόνωνε διεθνώς την Κίνα. Το πιο 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term (and urban gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban πιθανό σενάριο, όσον αφορά στο gentrification gentrification) isarea, indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city the removal (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various νησιωτικό σύμπλεγμα που διεκδικείται ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement of artists, από την Κίνα, είναι η restaurants, συνέχιση των the operation of art galleries, etc. However “change”,there regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences results also rising of land prices (and theof μικροεπεισοδίων, τα οποίαhas, συνήθως whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative παίρνουν τη speculation). μορφή συγκρούσεων potential relative speculation). The term gentrification foundλιμενικών at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to μικρής μεταξύisisτων The κλίμακας term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of wealthy to buy property in poor και πλοίων τωνwealthy δύο χωρών. theαλιευτικών then observed trend people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes and thus old residents areof Με τον τρόπο αυτό, η κυβέρνηση της London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. Κίνας, δείχνει “squeezed”. δεν σταματά να being indirectly A description ofότι this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth A description of this phenomenon is included the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth διεκδικεί τα εδάφη τα οποία θεωρεί GLASS at the same period, while similar situationsinwere in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major πως in της ανήκουν, ενώ by δημιουργεί μια cities Western countries, other Researchers. cities in Western countries, byζήτημα other Researchers. Since then, the issue preoccupied μόνιμη ένταση στοhas τηςseveral scholars and for its more Since then, the issue has several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive arepreoccupied being summarized from κυριαρχίας επίapproach των νησιών αυτών, comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations ofόταν the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: ούτως ώστε, οι συγκυρίες της interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups επιτρέψουν να τα διεκδικήσει με to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money δυναμικότερο τρόπο ναto downtown, έχει and time to travel from the purlieus where work place is, lack of the εξασφαλίσει την τουλάχιστον 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense safety theελάχιστη distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, where she made her first studies.που In 1932 she published an important study entitled: νομιμοποίηση των πολιτικών θα services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for ακολουθήσει προκειμένου να lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the another approach, the is due a systematic and καταφέρει ναtoτα προσαρτήσει. University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, ofaction buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: 22 https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-japan-defence/u-s-japan-to-conductG. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually
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