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Περιφερειακή Πολιτική της ΕΕ GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, για την ανάπτυξη 2021–2027: από την οικονομική σύγκλιση Definition, Types of intervention, Concerns of Gentrification στην εδαφική συνοχή Concerns Της κυρίας Χριστ. ΜΠΑΡΜΠΑΡΟΥΣΗ

Υποψ. Δρος Τμήμ. Μηχανικών Χωροταξίας, Πολεοδομίας και

By Mr.Ανάπτυξης, George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Περιφερειακής Πολυτεχνικής Σχολής Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, Πανεπιστημίου Θεσσαλίας

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Student of the School of Architecture Technical University of Crete

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Περίληψη Η παρούσα εργασία έχει ως στόχο τη συγκριτική διερεύνηση και 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept αντιπαραβολή του approach: προηγούμενου προτύπου της Περιφερειακής Πολιτικής 1. Introductory Defining the concept ANTISTHENIS, theμε ancient Greek (444συμβολής BC - 370 BC, Athens), Συνοχής με το νέο, σκοπό τηνphilosopher, εξέταση της τους στην ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the άμβλυνση των περιφερειακών ανισοτήτων και την παραγωγή among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the στρατηγικής στην with Ε.Ε. the Ειδικότερα, εξετάζεται το of πώς ανάμεσα acquisition ofανάπτυξης knowledge starts the content concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” indefinition a first, if of not final, approach, the term στο οικονομικό κεφάλαιο (μηχανισμός τιμών, ρυθμοί μεγέθυνσης, χωρική 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term (and urban gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 συγκέντρωση, σύγκλιση οικονομιών προς τα άνω) και το κοινωνικό – gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal (in various σχεσιακό κεφάλαιο ανάπτυξη, ρύθμιση/αναδιάρθρωση Sociology as well), as(υπεραξία the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually ofγνώσης, low-income andthe theremoval placement ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, με συμπίεση προς τα κάτω), οικοδομείται μια νέα συνιστώσα the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless διαπραγμάτευσης μεταξύ των το also εδαφικό κεφάλαιο: ενδογενής whatever other consequences has,δύο, results rising of land prices (and theof whatever other consequences has, resultsστρατηγικά, also rising ofμεland prices (andκαι the ανάπτυξη, οι οικονομίες αναπτύσσονται συνάρθρωση potential relative speculation). potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to συνοχή, ανάλογα με ταisιδιαίτερα φυσιογνωμικά χαρακτηριστικά τους· The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas of αποστολή του εδαφικού κεφαλαίου είναι η ενεργοποίησή του για τηνto the then observed wealthy people to there buy property inοικονομικών, poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes and thus old residents areof εξισορρόπηση τωνtrend εν of λόγω αντίρροπων δυνάμεων London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. εδαφικών πόρων και δημόσιων πολιτικών, που οδήγησαν στο ασύμμετρο being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included the work of Sociologist Ruth χωρικό πρότυπο ανάπτυξης εντός Ε.Ε.inin(περιφερειακό πρόβλημα, A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is της included the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar situations were in other major πρόβλημα ανισοτήτων). Η σπουδαιότητα της ωςrecorded άνω παρεμβολής GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. προκύπτει από countries, το γεγονός, ότι Researchers. η οικονομία δεν πρέπει να θεωρείται cities in Western bypreoccupied other Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more ανεξάρτητη απόthe τοissue χώρο, αφού ό,τι συμβαίνει μέσα στο σύστημα της Since then, has preoccupied several below, scholars and for various its more comprehensive approach are being summarized from the αγοράς, συναρτάται από το έδαφος πάνω στο οποίο συμβαίνει. Κατ’ αυτό comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: τον μεταβλητή τουis χώρου εμπλακεί ωςof επιταχυντής interpretations of the phenomenon thecategory following: Inτρόπο, a sense,ηthe phenomenon dueof togentrification, aμπορεί trend ofνα a new social groups των συντελεστών συμμετοχής, εγκατάστασης και ειδίκευσης στην to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money οικονομική και περιφερειακή ανάπτυξη και ως τέτοιος πρέπει να and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the 1.

The term comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth GLASS was born θεωρείται. sense of safety at the distributed residencies outside town centres, search for betterin Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, Εισαγωγή in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and Η πολιτική συνοχής της Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης στο University College of London, where she continued her social research.αναφέρεται Her public and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers ofaction buying her workτων are characterized byπου a passion for justice. also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. σύνολο προάγουν τη See μείωση των ανισοτήτων μεταξύ and selling realενεργειών, estate, etc., for the depreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. COLLINS SONS AND Co Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: των διαφόρων περιφερειών. Πριν από τη Συνθήκη της Λισσαβόνας G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

(2009), η περιφερειακή πολιτική της Ε.Ε. είχε ως επίκεντρο την οικονομική και κοινωνική συνοχή μεταξύ των ευρωπαϊκών περιφερειών, με γνώμονα την προοδευτική σύγκλιση των οικονομικών επιδόσεων των ασθενέστερων χωρικών οικονομιών με το μέσο όρο των σταθερότερων. Στην Ε.Ε., ένα κράτος–μέλος αποτελεί και μια περιφέρεια ή τμήμα μιας ομάδας κρατών, που αποτελούν μια περιφέρεια. Κατά το προηγούμενο πρότυπο Πολιτικής Συνοχής

By Mr.ανάπτυξης George-Sp.της C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, της Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης, ο στόχος ήταν η οικονομική και κοινωνική By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect σύγκλιση των οικονομιών των κρατών–μελών, με την προσδοκία της Student of the School of Architecture άμβλυνσης των ευρωπαϊκών περιφερειακών ανισοτήτων. Στα πλαίσια της Technical University of Crete ευρωπαϊκής ολοκλήρωσης, η έννοια της συνοχής ήταν αρχικά αντιληπτή ως1.σύγκλιση και approach: δύσκολο να προσδιοριστεί. Το Ευρωπαϊκό Κοινοβούλιο Introductory Defining the concept 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept ορίζει αυτή τη διαδικασία, ως το βαθμό στον οι BC, ανισότητες ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444οποίο BC - 370 Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC 370 BC, Athens), κοινωνικής ευημερίας σε διαφορετικές περιφέρειες ή among otherκαι wiseοικονομικής heritage he left us, he established a great “principle”: the among εντός other wise leftthe us,definition he established a greatof “principle”: the ομάδες της heritage Ένωσης είναι πολιτικά και κοινωνικά ανεκτές. acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts.Αυτό acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition of the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, not final, approach, the term σημαίνει, ότι τα επίπεδα υστέρησης μιας ifπεριφερειακής οικονομίας 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification μπορούν να 1είναι μόνο ως κατώτατα επιτρεπτά/αποδεκτά, πάντα σε gentrification (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various σύγκριση με τα επίπεδα του μέσου ρυθμού ανάπτυξης μιας ανεπτυγμένης Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually οικονομίας. of low-income Κάτω and the από placement of artists, και συνήθως κεντρικής το there ανεκτό όριο ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However “change”, regardless of καθυστέρησης, οι συρρικνωμένες οικονομίες υποχρεούνται να συγκλίνουν the operation ofconsequences art galleries, restaurants, etc.also However this “change”, regardless of whatever other has, results rising of land prices (and the με τις διευρυμένες και μάλιστα has, το ταχύτερο δυνατό. whatever other consequences results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative speculation). αντιθέτου, η isως άνω πολιτική συνοχής έχει and επιτύχει potential relative speculation).

TheΕξ term gentrification found at first in the UK in early 1960s it refersτα to The term gentrification found firstδημιουργία in the UK in early 1960s andχωρικών itareas refersofto αντίστροφα αποτελέσματα, με atτη οικονομιών the then observed trend ofiswealthy people to buy property in poor the then observed trend of wealthy people to there buy –property in poor areas συγκεντρώσεων δύο ταχυτήτων: των κεντρικών μεγεθυμένων και των London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes and thus old residents areof London, upgrade stay themselves there and thus old residents are περιφερειακών – them, δορυφόρων, ειδικά sometimes μετά και τη διεθνή οικονομική κρίση. being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”. description of this phenomenon is included the workδηλαδή, of Sociologist Ruth Γι’ Aαυτό το λόγο, ο διττός χαρακτήρας της in συνοχής, αφενός η A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at theκαι same while similar in other major οικονομική αφετέρου η κοινωνική παράμετρος, κρίθηκε αναγκαίο να GLASS at–the same period, situations in other major cities in Western countries, bywhile othersimilar Researchers. εξελιχθεί επεκταθεί (Επενδυτικό Σχέδιο γιαwere τηνrecorded Ευρώπη : Σχέδιο cities in Western countries, by other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more Juncker).

Since then, the issue has several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized from comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: 1. Η Πολιτική Συνοχής της Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups 1.1.Γενικά to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money and time travelηfrom the purlieus to downtown, where work place lack of the Εν toαρχή, ευρωπαϊκή πολιτική της οικονομικής και is, κοινωνικής 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, σύγκλισης σχεδιάστηκε για τον προοδευτικό συντονισμό των επιδόσεων Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at τα the heart of τιμών, the city”, (possibly) των συνδεδεμένων ως Germany προς επίπεδα το δημόσιοfor Youth Unemployment. κρατών–μελών The same year she left and after continuous movements lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc.where studiesτη andσυναλλαγματική research in Geneva, Prague, London and Newτα York she came back to London, χρέος, σταθερότητα και μακροπρόθεσμα επιτόκια in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and των ομολόγων. Η London, σύγκλιση χαρακτηρίζεται από κάθετη και προς τα University College of where she continued her social την research.

Her public and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers ofaction buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice.

See also:ευνοημένων COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. άνω δημοσιονομική κατεύθυνση των λιγότερο περιφερειών, and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: με όσο το δυνατό μικρότερη απόκλιση από το μέσο όρο των G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

136

σταθερότερων, ώστε να επιτευχθεί μακροπρόθεσμα ένα και μόνο σημείο ισορροπίας εντός της Ε.Ε. (ολοκλήρωση). Στην πορεία, κατέστη αντιληπτό, ότι αυτού του είδους η σύγκλιση ήταν αδύνατο να επιτευχθεί μεταξύ των οικονομιών των κ–μ, διότι οι όροι της προσφοράς ενδο-και-διαπεριφερειακά παρεκκλίνουν, λόγω των διαφορών που παρατηρούνται σε κοινωνικό επίπεδο (η διαπίστωση των έντονων αποκλίσεων, που εμποδίζουν την ευρωπαϊκή

By Mr. George-Sp. C.ολοκλήρωση).

ATHANASOPOULOS Έτσι, κρίθηκε αναγκαίος ο επαναπροσδιορισμός της έννοιας της Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS σύγκλισης, η οποία διευρύνθηκεBy με την εισαγωγή της έννοιας της Architect Student of the School of Architecture αλληλεγγύης, ώστε να μετατραπεί σε συνοχή. Η συνοχή περιλαμβάνει την Technical of Crete αλληλεγγύη: το ανεπτυγμένο κράτος παραχωρεί μέρος τουUniversity παραγόμενου πλούτου του στο κράτος σε υστέρηση, 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept γεγονός που δημιουργεί προσπάθεια για οικονομική ανάπτυξη.

1. Introductory approach: the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, Ωστόσο, η αρχική ευρωπαϊκή θέση για(444 και ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC(οικονομική -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established aτην great the κοινωνική) συνοχή, επειδή δέχθηκε κριτική ως αναποτελεσματική καθώς among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the προωθεί την αναδιανομή (αρχή επικουρικότητας) και όχι την acquisition of knowledge starts with theτης the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” indefinition a first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on επαναπροσδιορίστηκε this “principle” is inindicated a first,και if (in not final, approach, the term ικανότητα ανάπτυξης, παρουσιάζει σημαντικές gentrification) the area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification διαφορές τη σύγχρονη αντίληψη (για τηνthe εδαφική Η βασική Sociology asμεwell), as the “refining” of a city area, removalσυνοχή). from this, (in various Sociology as well), asτης the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of στην social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement κριτική αρχή επικουρικότητας (Συνθήκη του Μάαστριχτ, 1993) ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of artγεγονός, galleries, restaurants, However this “change”, regardless of εστιάζει στο ότι δεν etc. συμβάλλει στην ενίσχυση της the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results alsoπεριφερειών rising of landούτε pricesκαι (and theof υπευθυνότητας των χρηματοδοτούμενων στην whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative ευαισθητοποίηση των πολιτών απέναντι στις τοπικές υποθέσεις. potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at firstτην in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to Αντίθετα, ενισχύει την εξάρτηση από ευρωπαϊκή χρηματοδότηση.

The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor Η εδαφική συνοχή, εκτείνεται της οικονομικής καιof the then observed trend wealthy peopleπέραν to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes and thus old residents are κοινωνικής, διευθρύνοντας την έννοιαsometimes αυτή. Κατά τοand ευρωπαϊκό όραμα, are ο London, upgrade them, stay themselves there thus old residents being indirectly “squeezed”. στόχος είναι να συμβάλει στην επίτευξη της ισορροπημένης ανάπτυξης, being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth μειώνοντας υφιστάμενες ανισότητες, αποτρέποντας τις εδαφικές A description of this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the τις same period, while similar in other major ανισορροπίες. Αποβλέπει στην επιτάχυνση της εδαφικής ολοκλήρωσης με GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. τη συνεργασία των περιφερειών, μέσω της ομοιόμορφης, οριζόντιας και Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more then, διάρθρωσης the issue has several scholars andthe for its more κατάSince τόπους των ενδογενών μεγεθών τους, (εργατικό comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized below, from various comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various δυναμικό, εδαφικές επενδύσεις),ofως αντίβαρο στις αρνητικές επιπτώσεις interpretations of the phenomenon gentrification, the following: interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: Inοικονομικής a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups της ολοκλήρωσης. to “return” the city, leaving purlieusπαρά for several reasons: high costs in money Και ηtoσύγκλιση και ηthe συνοχή, τις εσωτερικές διαφορές τους, and to travel the purlieus to downtown, where των workπεριφερειών place is, lack ofαπό the στο time σύνολό τουςfrom ορίζουν το μέτρο της απόκλισης 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, τον κοινό ευρωπαϊκό στόχο: τη δημοσιονομική και χωρική ισορροπία.

Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) την education, αρχική θέση, ταleftεπιμέρους στοιχεία τηςfor YouthΚατά Unemployment.

The same year she Germany andσυστατικά after continuous movements lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York came back to London, συνοχής αποτελούσαν: ο κεντρικός σχεδιασμός – she ρύθμιση των δημόσιων in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and πολιτικών αναδιανεμητικού χαρακτήρα με στόχο τηHerσύγκλιση, οι University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. public and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers ofaction buying her work are κλίμακας characterized by τα a passion for justice.

See also: COLLINSτων ENGLISH DICTIONARY. οικονομίες και συγκριτικά πλεονεκτήματα επιχειρήσεων, and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: η αναδιάρθρωση και η ισότητα έναντι της αποτελεσματικότητας G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

κατανομής των πόρων καθώς και η διευθυνόμενη οργάνωση του ευρωπαϊκού χώρου. Αναλύοντας τα ως άνω, σε μια οικονομική ένωση με γεωγραφικό προσδιορισμό, ο κεντρικός σχεδιασμός της ρύθμισης και αναδιανομής προσαρμόζεται με αντικατάσταση των παικτών σε υπερεθνικό επίπεδο (Ε.Ε., Κράτη–Μέλη, Περιφέρειες) και εναρμονίζεται με το «ευρωπαϊκό κεκτημένο» (δηλαδή, την αποστολήByτης Mr.Ε.Ε.).

George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS

Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student,

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect 1.2.Κεντρική Ρύθμιση Πόρων και Πολιτικών, StudentΑναδιανομή of the SchoolΕισοδήματος of Architecture Σύμφωνα με αυτό το μοντέλο, η ρύθμισηTechnical των πόρων καιofτων University Crete

δημόσιων πολιτικών καθώς και η αναδιανομή του εισοδήματος 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept Επιτροπή) και ασκούνται σχεδιάζονται κεντρικά (από την Ευρωπαϊκή 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, theτις ancient GreekΚυβερνήσεις philosopher, αποκεντρωμένα (από Κεντρικές των κ–μ). Παρ’ όλα αυτά, ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he he established a great the η διαδικασία της ρύθμισης καιleft τηςus, αναδιανομής λειτουργεί ως παρέμβαση among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. και όχι ωςof θεραπεία σε ένα υπάρχονof δημόσιο θέμα, όπως ο acquisition knowledge starts withήδη theindefinition the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if not final, approach, the term προσδιορισμός της ποσότητας παροχής αγαθών και 1 (and Based, therefore, on this “principle” inindicated a των first, δημόσιων if (in notthe final, approach, the της term urban gentrification) is area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 φορολόγησης για τη χρηματοδότησή τους. Προσανατολίζεται στη διανομή gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal (in various των παραγόμενων αποτελεσμάτων της αγοράς και όχι στην ίδια κρατική Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, προσφορά, αφήνοντας ακάλυπτα (κενά) στον κοινωνικό ιστό. ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. σημεία However this “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever consequences has, results also rising land prices (and Στη other συνέχεια, οι δημόσιες αποφάσεις που of λαμβάνονται για the τιςof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, για results also risingτων of land prices (and the potential relative δημόσιες πολιτικές που ασκούνται τη φροντίδα ως άνω δημόσιων potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in theκυβέρνησης UK in early 1960s and it refers to υποθέσεων βασίζονται σε εκτιμήσεις της αναφορικά με τις The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor συναρτήσεις χρησιμότητας όλων των ατόμων της οικονομίας· η the then observed trend of wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade stayδημόσια themselves and thus old residents areof κυβέρνηση μέσαthem, από κατανάλωση επένδυση, αλλά και την London, upgrade them,τη stay themselves sometimesκαι there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. εκλογική διαδικασία, προσδοκά να προσδιορίσει τις άριστες κατανομές. being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth Έπειτα, οι δημόσιες αποφάσεις που is έχουν ληφθεί, μετατρέπονται σε μέσα A description ofperiod, this phenomenon included inwere the work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar situations recorded in other major άσκησης δημοσιονομικής πολιτικής του κράτους για τη σταθεροποίηση GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. των οικονομικών διαταραχών (πληθωρισμού καιscholars ανεργίας), cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has several andπου for οδηγούν its more στις εισοδηματικές ανισότητες (αμοιβών εργασίας και συγκέντρωσης Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for various its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various πλούτου) μεταξύ των ατόμων. of gentrification, the following: interpretations of the phenomenon interpretations the phenomenon of thecategory following: In aΕντούτοις, sense, theof phenomenon is due togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups ένας τέτοιος προσδιορισμός δεν ανταποκρίνεται στην to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus forκαθότι several reasons: high costs in money αποτύπωση της πραγματικότητας, δεν υπάρχει κάποιος and time to travel from the αποκάλυψης purlieus to downtown, where work place lack of the αξιόπιστος μηχανισμός των προτιμήσεων των is, ατόμων σε 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, αγαθά και υπηρεσίες. Πρόκειται, δηλαδή, για μια προσδοκία των Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”,movements (possibly)for Youth Unemployment. same year she left Germany and makers, after continuous διαμορφωτών των The δημόσιων πολιτικών (policy ήτοι Κυβέρνηση lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back to London, και Κεντρική Διοίκηση), ότι θα καταγράψουν τις πραγματικές ανάγκες in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and ή/και προτιμήσεις τωνbywhere ομάδων/ατόμων και προσαρμόσουν την University College of London, she continued her socialθα research.

Her public and long-term informal effort organized groups, manufacturers, brokers ofaction buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice.

COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. προγραμματική τους διάταξη έτσι, ώστεSee ναalso: επιτύχουν μακροπρόθεσμα and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: δημοσιονομική σταθερότητα και ευημερία.

G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

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Η προσδοκία των policy makers αντλεί τη δύναμή της από τις εκτιμήσεις τους, όπου με τη σειρά τους διαμορφώνονται από τη δημόσια επιλογή των ατόμων στην κατανάλωση (προτίμηση του αγαθού α έναντι του β), στην επένδυση (προτίμηση της δημόσιας επένδυσης α έναντι της ιδιωτικής β) και εκφράζονται, εκτός από τα παραπάνω, και με την ψήφο στα πολιτικά κόμματα. Και σε αυτό το σημείο, εφόσον κράτος θεσμοθετεί για θέματα

By Mr.το George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS ανισοτήτων που δεν μπορεί προσδιορίσει, η Design, αποτυχία της Harvardνα University, Graduateαρχίζει School of Student, Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS κυβέρνησης (government failure)Byστη λήψη άριστων αποφάσεων, που Architect Student of the of Architecture ικανοποιούν τις προτιμήσεις όλων των ψηφοφόρων / School φορολογουμένων, Technical University of Crete κατ’ αντιστοιχία με την αποτυχία της αγοράς (market failure) να επιτύχει το 1.μέγιστο επίπεδο ευημερίας των the ατόμων μιας οικονομίας με βάση το Introductory approach: Defining concept μηχανισμό των τιμών. Δηλαδή, οι ατέλειες του κράτους τοποθετούνται 1. Introductory approach: the concept (444 ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, BC - 370 BC, Athens), δίπλα στις της αγοράς το ίδιο ακριβώς την ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -πρόβλημα: 370 BC, Athens), among other ατέλειες wise heritage he left us,για he established a great “principle”: the αδυναμία και των δύο να μεγιστοποιήσουν το όφελος της κατανομής among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the πόρων για όλα τα on άτομα τηςwith κοινωνίας / οικονομίας, εξίσου καιtheχωρίς acquisition of knowledge starts theindefinition the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, term 1 (and Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term επιβαρύνσεις ή αποκλεισμούς. urban gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Απόasαυτό τοthe σημείο και ofέπειτα, αναλαμβάνει να ερμηνεύσει το Sociology well), as “refining” a city area, the removal from this, (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social usuallyηofΑνάλυση low-income and the placement thereκαι of artists, πρόβλημα τηςgroups, αδυναμίας Πολιτικής: Ποιος, πώς γιατί ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. δημόσιων However “change”,there regardless of αποφασίζει; Είναι οι διαμορφωτές των πολιτικών κατάλληλοι the operation ofconsequences artΜπορούν galleries, restaurants, etc.also However this regardless whatever other has,σχεδιαστές results rising of “change”, land prices (and και theof ως σχεδιαστές; οι να είναι ταυτόχρονα whatever otherspeculation). has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative ψηφοφόροι; Και consequences υπό ποια κριτήρια ψήφου; Και με βάση τη νομιμότητα, τη potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK Είναι in early γνωστές 1960s and itόλες refers οι to σκοπιμότητα ή την αποτελεσματικότητα; The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor πληροφορίες και trend όλοι οι wealthy πιθανοίpeople συνδυασμοί επιλογών, πουareas είναιof the then observed to there buy property in poor London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes and thus old residents are απαραίτητα στοιχεία λήψη μιας απόφασης; ρύθμιση και London, upgrade them,για stayτη themselves sometimes there Οπότε, and thusηold residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. αναδιανομή πόρων και δημόσιων πολιτικών είναι όλα αυτά που το κράτος being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth (μέσω των εκφραστών του) επιλέγει κάνει ήinwere ναthe μην κάνει.

A description ofperiod, this phenomenon isνα included work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar situations recorded in other major Άρα, το ερώτημα που κυριαρχεί για τη φύση της κεντρικής ρύθμισης GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. και αναδιανομής είναι εξής: πρέπει ναseveral παρεμβαίνει η and κυβέρνηση (ή η Since then, the issueτο has preoccupied scholars for its more Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more Ευρωπαϊκή Επιτροπή); comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: interpretations theΚλίμακας, phenomenon thecategory following: In a1.3.Οικονομίες sense, theof phenomenon is Συγκριτικά dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups Πλεονεκτήματα Επιχειρήσεων to “return” to theοcity, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costsκ–μ, in money Έπειτα, μηχανισμός των εσωτερικών αγορών των που and time toτο travel fromτου the purlieus to downtown, whereυποστηρίζεται work place is, lack σηκώνει βάρος κεντρικού σχεδιασμού, απόof the τις 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, οικονομίες κλίμακας, που προωθούν τον ανταγωνισμό των μεγάλων Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart the city”, (possibly) επιχειρήσεων (στο επίπεδο τωνshe τιμών), ο οποίος με of τη σειρά του για ναfor Youth Unemployment.

The same year left Germany and after continuous movements lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva,από Prague, and New York she came back to London, κινηθεί τροφοδοτείται ταLondon συγκριτικά τους πλεονεκτήματα. Η in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and συμμετοχή τουςof στο ρυθμό μεγέθυνσης μιας οικονομίας εξαρτάται είτε University informal College London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, ofaction buying her work are characterized by a passion justice.

See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. από το μέγεθος των ίδιων είτε for από το μέγεθος του κλάδου στον οποίο and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: ανήκουν, όπου είναι αποτέλεσμα της ορθολογικής άσκησης της G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually τιμολογιακής πολιτικής τους σε σχέση με τα κόστη που αντιμετωπίζουν.

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

Δηλαδή, το συγκριτικό πλεονέκτημα είναι το πλεονέκτημα, που προκύπτει σε σχέση με κάτι (εδώ: με μια άλλη επιχείρηση) και όχι αυτοδύναμα. Αν αυτό εκλείψει, αυξάνει και το συγκριτικό πλεονέκτημα της επιχείρησης (ευαισθησία στις εξωτερικές μεταβολές). Επομένως, καθορίζει και τη (μικρή ή μεγάλη) συμμετοχή της στη διαμόρφωση του ΑΕΠ και, συνεπώς, στη διάχυση του οφέλους στο εξωτερικό περιφερειακό ή ευρωπαϊκό περιβάλλον· αν και το

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS επιχειρηματικό κέρδος αποτελεί μια μικρο-επιχειρησιακή υπόθεση και δεν Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student,

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS αντιμετωπίζεται μέσο-περιφερειακά (κλαδικά/βιομηχανικά), αφετέρου, η Architect Student ofεξαρτάται the School ofαπό Architecture ανταγωνιστική επίδοση μιας περιφέρειας την Technical University Crete ανταγωνιστικότητα των επιχειρήσεων, που είναι εγκατεστημένες σε of αυτή. Όμως, η κάθε approach: επιχείρηση, πουthe εμπλέκεται στην περιφερειακή 1. Introductory Defining concept ελκυστικότητα, δεν είναι απλώς μια επιχείρηση, αλλά μια επιχείρηση στο 1. Introductory approach: the concept (444 BC ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, - 370 BC, Athens), χώρο. Που σημαίνει, ότι πρέπει να αναπτύξει τα ανακλαστικά μιας ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC,έξυπνης Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the χωρικής οικονομικής μονάδας: καινοτομικότητα, έξυπνη εξειδίκευση among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. και υψηλή επιχειρηματική –starts επενδυτική αντίληψη για ναcontent είναι και ελκυστική acquisition of knowledge with thein definition the of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 (and Based, therefore, on this “principle” inindicated a first,διαταραχές. if (in notthe final, approach, the term και να μπορεί και να αντέχει στις οικονομικές urban gentrification) is area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Παρ’asόλα αυτά, πόσο αντέχουν οι επιχειρήσεις σε ένα που Sociology well), as theτο “refining” of a city area, the removal from this,χώρο, (in various Sociology asαπό well), as the “refining” of a city area, removal fromthere this,επαρκώς (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe the placement of υποφέρει τις οικονομικές κρίσεις, είναι ένα μη ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, etc. However this “change”, regardless of προσδιορισμένο μέγεθος,restaurants, με ασαφή εργαλεία μέτρησης ενώ η the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever otherπολιτική consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the αναπτυξιακή οικονομικής και κοινωνικής σύγκλισης πρέπει ναof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative είναι ορισμένη. Απαιτεί μια σαφή και απλή μεθοδολογία θεραπείας του potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to ευρωπαϊκού περιφερειακού προβλήματος.

The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor Ειδικά, όταν ηtrend δημοσιονομική αστάθεια είναι μια κατάσταση, πουof the then observed wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old residents are αφενός οupgrade κεντρικός σχεδιαστής μπορεί ναand ελέγξει, διότι την London, them, stay themselvesδεν sometimes there thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. παθογένεια της οποίας δεν μπορεί να προσδιορίσει (ποιες κοινωνικές being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth ομάδες ήatεπιχειρήσεις αποκαλύπτουν τις προτιμήσεις τους δημόσια A description ofperiod, thisδεν phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS the same while similar inσε other major αγαθά/υπηρεσίες ή επενδύσεις;) και αφετέρου μια διαταραχή, που ο GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. μηχανισμός των τιμών δεν μπορεί να εξομαλύνει.

Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more Since the issue has several scholars andοικονομιών for various its more Άρα,then, το ερώτημα που κυριαρχεί για τη below, φύση from των comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized the comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various κλίμακας είναι εξής: αμβλύνουν ή οξύνουν τις ευρωπαϊκές interpretations of theτοphenomenon of gentrification, the following: interpretations the phenomenon of thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is togentrification, aεμπλοκή trend of a new social groups περιφερειακές ανισότητες μεdue την τους στην of περιφερειακή to “return”οικονομικής to the city, leaving the purlieusσύγκλισης; for several reasons: high costs in money πολιτική και κοινωνικής and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin,1.4.Αναδιάρθρωση where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for Έτσι, ο κεντρικός σχεδιασμός αποκλίνει απόetc.where τα lower living costόταν of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, προγραμματισθέντα, προχωρά σεthe αναδιάρθρωση πόρων και ανακατανομή in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, is due a systematic and University Collegeπολιτικών, of London, where sheνα continued her social research. brokers Herτους public action and των δημόσιων ώστε επιτύχει τη διαρθρωτική ισότητα long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and realCOLLINS estate, etc., for the depreciation initially of part of the urban in ή10thselling αποτελεσματικότητα στις περιφέρειες. Με web, την edit. Wil. SONS AND Co Ltd.ευρωπαϊκές London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm aαναδιάρθρωση, variety of ways, order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually οιin ευρωπαϊκές περιφέρειες σε ανάπτυξη παραχωρούν

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μέρος του παραγόμενου πλούτου τους στις περιφέρειες σε υστέρηση. Και οι περιφέρειες σε υστέρηση συμμετέχουν εξίσου στην ανακατανομή του πλούτου στο σύνολο των κ–μ. Οι δε διαθέσιμοι σκληροί και μαλακοί πόροι παραμένουν οι ίδιοι. Είναι, δηλαδή, μια εκ νέου πολιτική παρέμβαση (τι θα γίνει) σε ένα υπάρχον ζήτημα (τι μπορεί να γίνει). Συνεπώς, απαιτείται από τους policy makers ο εντοπισμός του συνδυασμού εκείνων των περιφερειακών πολιτικών, πουBy ανακατανέμουν τον πλούτο στις Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS ευρωπαϊκές περιφέρειεςHarvard με ισότητα καιGraduate αποτελεσματικότητα. η University, School of Design,Όμως, Student,

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS ισότητα προϋποθέτει, ότι ο πλούτος εντός της Ένωσης θα διανεμηθεί με Architect Student of the School Architecture κοινωνικά κριτήρια ενώ η αποτελεσματικότητα προτάσσει τα ofοικονομικά Technical University of Crete κριτήρια. Το αποτέλεσμα αυτής της αντιπαράθεσης είναι η σύγκρουση μεταξύ των στοχεύσεων για τηνtheπεριφερειακή πολιτική και των 1. Introductory approach: Defining concept επιδιώξεων για την οικονομική ανάπτυξη αντίστοιχα, policy 1. Introductory approach: the concept (444 BC των ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, - 370 ίδιων BC, Athens), makers.

ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition heγια established aτης great Άρα, τοknowledge ερώτημα πουhe κυριαρχεί τηofφύση αναδιάρθρωσης acquisition of starts with the content of“principle”: concepts. the acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term είναι το εξής: είναιon τοthis δίκαιο αποτελεσματικό; Και αν ναι, ποιος είναι ο 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification ευρωπαϊκός μέσος όρος ανάπτυξης με τον οποίο είναι και δίκαιο και 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as “refining” ofοι a city area, the removal this, (in various αποτελεσματικό ναtheσυγκλίνουν προβληματικές με from τις ανεπτυγμένες Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, of (inartists, various ways), of socialΚαι groups, of low-income and the placement περιφέρειες; ποιοςusually το ορίζει (η Ευρωπαϊκή Επιτροπή ή ταthere κ–μ); ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has,Χώρου results also rising of land prices (and the 1.5.Διευθυνόμενη Οργάνωση potential relative potential relative speculation).

TheΑυτό term gentrification found at firstέως in the UK in and it refers to το πρότυπο isανάπτυξης, τώρα η early Ε.Ε. 1960s το διοικεί υπό τη The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor λεγόμενη διευθυνόμενη (managerial) οργάνωση του ευρωπαϊκού χώρου. the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus residents areof Δηλαδή, η έμφαση δίδεται περισσότερο στη διανομή τωνold οικονομικών London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. αποτελεσμάτων από ό,τι στην παραγωγή τους. Ωστόσο, η managerial being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth διάσταση αποκαλύπτει την ανεπάρκεια της ωςin άνω πολιτικής A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included theευρωπαϊκής work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar were recorded in other major σύγκλισης να αντιμετωπίσει τις χωρικές επιπτώσεις της οικονομικής GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. κρίσης όπου has παρατηρήθηκαν και ταscholars πιο έντονα φαινόμενα cities inστα Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then,κ–μ, the issue several and for its more κυκλικότητας και ευπάθειας των διασυνδεδεμένων οικονομικών Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for various its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various περιφερειών. of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: interpretations interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money 2. Η Ευρωπαϊκή Πολιτική Εδαφικής Συνοχής and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the 2.1.Από τη Δημοσιονομική Λειτουργία στην Οικονομική Χωροταξία The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.of safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, entertainment “at the ηheart of the city”,Επιτροπή (possibly) Για όλους education, τους παραπάνω λόγους, Ευρωπαϊκή Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc.where προχώρησε σε μεταβολή από τη ρυθμιστική πολιτική studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she cameαναδιανεμητικού back to London, in 1943 she published studies regarding city planning.

In 1950 she became teacher in the According to another approach, the phenomenon is due to a systematic and χαρακτήρα, συμβατής και με τον κρατικό παρεμβατισμό και την ελεύθερη University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying αγορά, μέσο αυτών δύο. τηSee διόρθωση τωνENGLISH ανισοτήτων (ex her workστο are characterized by aτων passion forΑπό justice. also: COLLINS DICTIONARY. and selling real estate, etc., for the depreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit.

Wil. COLLINS SONS AND Co Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: post προσέγγιση του προβλήματος) στον ειδικό για κάθε χώρο σχεδιασμό G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually (ex ante προσέγγιση). Δηλαδή, στο στρατηγικό ρόλο του περιφερειακού

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

προγραμματισμού με ενεργοποίηση της εδαφικής διάστασης της ανάπτυξης: την Ευρωπαϊκή Πολιτική Εδαφικής Συνοχής. Κατά τη σύγχρονη ευρωπαϊκή θέση, τα επιμέρους συστατικά στοιχεία της συνοχής είναι : ο κατά τόπους στρατηγικός σχεδιασμός, οι οικονομίες εντοπιότητας, η έξυπνη εξειδίκευση, τα απόλυτα εδαφικά πλεονεκτήματα, η συνάρθρωση και η ενδογενής ενεργοποίηση του εδαφικού κεφαλαίου καθώς και η George-Sp. επιχειρηματική οργάνωση του

By Mr. C. ATHANASOPOULOS University, Graduate School of Design, Student, ευρωπαϊκού χώρου, πουHarvard οδηγούν στην έξυπνη ανάπτυξη.

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Student of the School of Architecture Technical University of Crete

2.2.Εδαφικό Κεφάλαιο Στο νέο αυτό ευρωπαϊκό πρότυπο περιφερειακής πολιτικής, βασική 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept συνιστώσα της ανάπτυξης των κ–μ αποτελεί το εδαφικό κεφάλαιο 1. Introductory approach: the concept (444 ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, BC - 370 BC, Athens), (territorial capital), δηλαδή η ιδιαίτερη εδαφική φυσιογνωμία των ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the περιφερειών: φυσικοί πόροι –the γεωγραφική θέση, δομές (υποδομή, among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the acquisition of knowledge starts with definition of the content of“principle”: concepts. ανωδομή), εργατικό τομείς παραγωγής, επιχειρηματικότητα – acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, onδυναμικό, this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 ανταγωνιστικότητα, δίκτυα (ηλεκτρονικά, συστάδες). Η Based, therefore, on γνώση, this “principle” inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term (and urban gentrification) is area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 του gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or ενεργοποίηση κεφαλαίου δίδει τηremoval δυνατότητα στις Sociology as well), asεδαφικού the “refining” of a cityisarea, the (inχωρικές various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various οικονομίες να διαχειρίζονται μόνες τους την ανάπτυξή τους, με σκοπό την ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, of low-income and thethis placement of artists, πραγματική (αυτή τη usually φορά) άμβλυνση των περιφερειακών ανισοτήτων the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”,there regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever otherΟιconsequences results also rising of land δυναμικότητας prices (and theof εντός Ε.Ε. οικονομικέςhas,περιφέρειες εδαφικής whatever other consequences has, results alsoτους risingεδαφικό of land κεφάλαιο prices (andκαι the potential relative εξαρτώνται και speculation). τροφοδοτούνται από το δικό potential relative speculation). term φυσιογνωμικά gentrification is found at first in theεπιστρατεύονται UK in early 1960s and it refers to τα The ως άνω χαρακτηριστικά προκειμένου The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor να αντιμετωπίσουν εξωτερικούς κραδασμούς και να επανέλθουν στα the then observed trend of wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves and thus old residents areof επίπεδα, που προσέγγιζαν πριν από μια οικονομική London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes thereδιαταραχή and thus old(self-reliant residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. and resilient). το εδαφικό κεφάλαιο δίνει το έναυσμα για τη being indirectlyΔηλαδή, “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth μετάβαση από τη βιωσιμότητα στην ανθεκτικότητα οικονομικών A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded workτων of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major περιφερειών, ως ένα πολλαπλώς καινοτόμο εργαλείο περιφερειακής GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. πολιτικής για την ανάπτυξη. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more Since then, the issue has several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized from comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: 2.3.Κατά Τόπους Στρατηγικός Σχεδιασμός Πόρων και Πολιτικών interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups Σύμφωνα με αυτό το μοντέλο, η κεντρική ρύθμιση και αναδιανομή to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money πόρων δημόσιων πολιτικών συνταγή απόwork τα άνω όλες τις and timeκαι to travel from the purlieus to(μία downtown, where placeγια is, lack of the οικονομίες) αντικαθίσταται από το στρατηγικό σχεδιασμό (regional 1.

The term comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth GLASS was born sense of safety at the distributed residencies outside town centres, search for betterin Berlin, where she made her first studies.

1932 she published an important entitled: planning, τόπους και entertainment από ταIn κάτω προγραμματισμός, μεstudy βάση τις services of κατά health, education, “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for ιδιαίτερες ανάγκες των περιφερειακών Οιto περιφερειακές lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private car access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and οικονομιών).

Neweasier York she came back to London, in According 1943 she γνωρίζουν published studies regarding city planning.

In 1950 she teacher in the οικονομίες καλύτερα τις ανάγκες τους από ταtobecame απομακρυσμένα to another approach, the phenomenon is due a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying κέντρα λήψης αποφάσεων για τη διαμόρφωση της προγραμματικής her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate,agenda). etc., for the depreciation initially of part of the urban web, in διάταξης (regional Πρόσθετα, ο στρατηγικός σχεδιασμός μειώνει 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Co Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: Gentrification: G. μεταξύ ALEXANDRI: Abstract. http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm aτην variety of ways, in order to achieve the “assisted”, απόσταση : ατόμων και αγοράς, ατόμων“voluntary”, και κράτους,(actually ατόμων 141 2521 11

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

και χώρου (οριζόντια και κάθετη τήρηση ίσων αποστάσεων όλων των εμπλεκομένων). Επεκτείνοντας, εξατομικεύει την ευθύνη των εμπλεκομένων, σε αντίθεση με την κεντρική ρύθμιση της αναδιανεμητικής πολιτικής (κράτους και αγοράς), που την καθιστά απρόσωπη.

142

2.4.Έξυπνη Εξειδίκευση Ενδογενούς Δυναμικού

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Εδώ, ο μηχανισμός υποστήριξης των περιφερειακών οικονομιών Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, απέναντι στις οικονομίες κλίμακαςBy(μηχανισμός τιμών ελεύθερης Architect αγοράς, Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS ευέλικτη συσσώρευση και έντονη χωρική Student συγκέντρωση δραστηριοτήτων of the School of Architecture = μεγάλες χωρικές ανισότητες) είναι η έξυπνη εξειδίκευση Technical University(smart of Crete specialization) του ενδογενούς δυναμικού (δηλαδή, συμπεριλαμβανομένου Introductory approach: Defining the concept του1.1. λανθάνοντος εργατικού δυναμικού, δεν αρκεί να απασχολείται, Introductory approach: Defining the όπου concept ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -και 370τις BC,κλαδικές Athens), αλλά να απασχολείται σωστά με βάση τις δεξιότητες ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great ανάγκες του χώρου). Έτσι, μέσω αυτού του μηχανισμού προάγεταιthe η among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge startshe with ofδιαταραχής, the content concepts. κοινωνική προστασία έναντι μιας οικονομικής αφού ο ίδιος ο acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term μηχανισμός χωροθετεί inδίκαια κοινωνικές αξίες. Το 1 υποστήριξης Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, ifτις notthe final, approach, the term (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 βιοτικό επίπεδο των ατόμων (ανάπτυξη) διαμορφώνεται όχι μόνο από την gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal (in various οικονομική, αλλά και τη χωρική πολιτική, που επηρεάζει την ποιότητα των Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, τόπων, όπου και εργάζονται. Άρα, μεHowever την συνοχή η αρχή της ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andεδαφική thethis placement there of artists, the operation ofζουν art galleries, restaurants, etc. “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless αλληλεγγύης μεταξύ των ανθρώπων προεκτείνεται στην αλληλεγγύη whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the μεταξύ των εδαφών (εδώ : οι περιφέρειες). potential relative speculation). potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor 2.5.Οικονομίες Εντοπιότητας, Απόλυτα ή Ανταγωνιστικά the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old residents areof Πλεονεκτήματα Χώρου London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly Κατ’ αυτό“squeezed”. τον τρόπο, έναντι των συγκριτικών πλεονεκτημάτων των A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth επιχειρήσεων τα situations απόλυτα ή ανταγωνιστικά GLASS at the sameπροτάσσονται period, while similar were recorded in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. πλεονεκτήματα του χώρου (absolute or competitive advantages), που είναι cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, issue has scholarsπραγματικά and for its more μοναδικά γιαthe κάθε περιφέρεια καιseveral αμβλύνουν τις Since then, the issue has preoccupied several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach are being summarized from περιφερειακές ανισότητες μεταξύ των οικονομιών. Τα απόλυτα comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the(σε following: πλεονεκτήματα δεν προκύπτουν συγκριτικά σχέση με κάτι), interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thecategory following: In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new of social groups βασίζονται σε εγγενή χαρακτηριστικά και είναι αυτοδύναμα, to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money αυτοτροφοδοτούμενα. Ο ανταγωνισμός στην ενιαία ευρωπαϊκή αγορά and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the αποτελεί μία από τιςfrom κινητήριες δυνάμεις της 1912-1940. χωρικής ανάπτυξης στην Ε.Ε. termat comes Sociologist Ruth GLASS, Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, ΟιBerlin, περιφέρειες συνοχής (όπωςInοι1932 επιχειρήσεις της σύγκλισης) δεν θα where she της her first studies. she published an important study entitled: services of health,made education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”,movements (possibly) Youth Unemployment.

The same year she left Germany and after για continuous for μπορούσαν να μην ανταγωνίζονται μεταξύ τους επιχειρηματικές lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, δραστηριότητες, θέσεις εργασίας και δομές (οικονομίες εντοπιότητας με in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning.

In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public action and επιχειρήσεις συγκεντρωμένες στον ίδιοmanufacturers, χώρο). Παρά ταύτα, δεν long-term informal effort by organized groups, brokers of buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. εισέρχονται όλες οι ευρωπαϊκές περιφέρειες από το και τα ίδια and selling real estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially ofίδιο part σημείο of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. COLLINS SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: χωρικό ανταγωνισμό. Ωςthe εκ“assisted”, τούτου, καθίσταται αναγκαία η Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: Abstract. http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm aμερίδια varietyστο of ways, in order to achieve “voluntary”, (actually

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification 2.6.Συνάρθρωση Concerns

σταδιακή χωροταξική ισορροπία, ώστε να παραχθεί η ομοιόμορφη γεωγραφική κατανομή της ανάπτυξης στην ευρωπαϊκή επικράτεια. Δηλαδή, οι περιφέρειες οδηγούνται από την παρέμβαση (που καλύπτει τα συμπτώματα) της σύγκλισης με το μέσο όρο και προς τα άνω,

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS στην ενδογενή παραγωγή της συνοχής (territorial cohesion, που θεραπεύει Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, το πρόβλημα)· που σημαίνει, ότι By εν Mr. συνεχεία εγκαταλείπουν το δίλημμα George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect της αναδιάρθρωσης (ισότητα ή αποτελεσματικότητα κατανομής πόρων: Student of the School of Architecture μεταφέροντας τον πλούτο από τις περιοχές όπου πλεονάζει προς τις Technical University of Crete περιοχές σε υστέρηση, διότι το σωστό δεν είναι πάντα δίκαιο), 1. Introductoryπρος approach: Defining the (territorial concept κατευθυνόμενες τη συνάρθρωση articulation, ο πλούτος 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC - 370 BC,οφέλους, Athens), παράγεται κατά τόπους, ενδογενώς και με διάχυση του ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the διακρίνεται ανάπτυξη σε όλες τις περιοχές και όχι μόνο στις among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. υπανάπτυκτες). Η έμφαση της ευρωπαϊκής πολιτικής εδαφικής συνοχής acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term μετατοπίζεται από onτην επένδυση σεa first, περιφέρειες που χρειάζονται 1 (and Based, therefore, “principle” is in if (in notthe final, approach, the term urbanthis gentrification) indicated area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 περισσότερη ανάπτυξη, σε εκείνες που διαθέτουν το μεγαλύτερο δυναμικό gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal (in various ανάπτυξης, με σκοπό να μην αφήνει ακάλυπτα (κενά) σημεία στο χώρο.

Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”,there regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless of whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the 2.7.Έξυπνη Ανάπτυξη whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative speculation). προεκτεθέντα να inσυσφίξουν τους1960s δεσμούς μεταξύ potential relative speculation).

TheΤα term gentrification isμπορούν found at first the UK in early and it refers to αστικών, αγροτικών και αλιευτικών περιοχών, όπως και τις σχέσεις The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor πόλεων και υπαίθρου, τη μορφή εταιρικών συμβάσεων έξυπνης the then observed trend of wealthy people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stayυπό themselves sometimes and thus old residents areof London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus oldτα residents are ανάπτυξης (smart territorial development) με εργαλεία Τοπικά being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”. Προγράμματα και τις Ολοκληρωμένες Εδαφικές Επενδύσεις (στοχοθεσία A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth description ofperiod, thisΤα phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth και Aαιρεσιμότητες). χρηματοδοτικά εργαλεία (διαρθρωτικά και GLASS at the same while similar in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. επενδυτικά ταμεία) αναδιαμορφώνουν το ρόλο τους, ώστε να ενισχύουν cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has several for its more οικονομικά τους αναπτυξιακούς στόχους με scholars επάρκειαand σκληρών και Since then, the issue has preoccupied several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach are being summarized from μαλακών περιφερειακών δομών, όπου αποτελούν τις ελάχιστες comprehensive approach are being summarized from the various interpretations of the phenomenon ofτων gentrification, thebelow, following: απαιτήσεις για την υλοποίηση προγραμμάτων, ως βελτίωση της interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thecategory following: In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new of social groups επικουρικότητας. to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.of safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, 3. Συμπεράσματα Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health,Λειτουργία education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth3.1.Τριπλή Unemployment.

The same Εδαφικής year she leftΣυνοχής Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, Συνοπτικά, η studies έξυπνη ανάπτυξη της πολιτικής εδαφικής συνοχής in According 1943 she published regarding cityphenomenon planning.

In 1950 she teacher in the to another approach, the is due tobecame a systematic and University informal College ofστον London, where she continued social Her public action and ανταποκρίνεται ρόλο her της: 1) research. καταμερίζει τοofόφελος long-term effortτρισδιάστατο by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. μεταξύ πυκνότητας πληθυσμού, αριθμού μικρομεσαίων επιχειρήσεων και and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: δομών, χρησιμοποιώντας τα δίκτυα ως διαύλους επικοινωνίας G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

(μεταφοράς του οφέλους)· 2) επιταχύνει την απόδοση των συντελεστών συμμετοχής, εγκατάστασης και ειδίκευσης στην οικονομική και περιφερειακή ανάπτυξη· 3) συγκεντρώνει και συμπυκνώνει την τριπλή ικανότητα μιας οικονομικής περιφέρειας: i) την καινοτομικότητα (στην τεχνολογία, την κλαδική παραγωγή και υπηρεσίες), ii) τη χωρική αλληλεγγύη και iii) τη δικτύωση (ψηφιακή και clusters).

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, 3.2.Εδαφική Ατζέντα 2020

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Κατ’ αυτό τον τρόπο, από τη διευθυνόμενη ευρωπαϊκή Student of the School of Architecture διακυβέρνηση μεταφερόμαστε ομαλά στην επιχειρηματική οργάνωση Technical University of Crete

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(entrepreneurial), της αύξουσας αποδοτικότητας των συντελεστών (α) Introductory approach: Defining the concept του1.1.χώρου, (β) της εργασίας, (γ) του (δ) του χωρικού Introductory approach: Defining the κεφαλαίου concept (444και ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC - 370σταδιακά BC, Athens), ανταγωνισμού· η Εδαφική Ατζέντα 2020, μεταξύ άλλων, θα ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the εκσυγχρονίσει και τέλος θα αντικαταστήσει τη λογική του (μη among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content επικαιροποιημένου) ΕΣΠΑ, με theπροσανατολισμό στηνofconcepts. ευρωπαϊκή acquisition of knowledge starts with the content concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” indefinition a first, if of not final, approach, the term χωροταξία της ισοβαρούς οικονομικής όλαapproach, τα κράτη–μέλη 1 (and Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inανάπτυξης a first, if (in notγια final, the term urban gentrification) indicated the area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 και ως τέτοια πρέπει να θεωρείται. Προτεραιότητα της Territorial gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal (inAgenda various 2020 είναι η διαχείριση των συγκεντρώσεων με τέτοιο τρόπο, ώστε οι Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, περιφέρειες ναart συνδεθούν μεταξύ τους η κυκλοφορία των πόρων σε ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement there of artists, the operation of galleries, restaurants, etc.και However “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless αυτές να συμβαίνει αρμονικά. whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also of land ως prices (and the potential Εν relative κατακλείδι, οι περιφέρειες παύουν ναrising υφίστανται παθητικοί potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found first in the UK in early 1960s/ and it refers to παίκτες, που υποβάλλονται στιςatαποφάσεις ενός εθνικού υπερεθνικού The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor ρυθμιστικού κέντρου ή στις διακυμάνσεις της παγκόσμιας αγοράς, αλλά the then observed trend of wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves and thus old residents areof μεταβάλλονται σε ενεργούς παράγοντες, πουthere διεκδικούν το residents δικό τους London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes and thus old are being indirectly “squeezed”. εδαφικό μερίδιο“squeezed”. στα κέρδη. Το νέο διεθνές παίγνιο ανταγωνιστικότητας being indirectly A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth παίζεται και κερδίζεται σε περιφερειακό επίπεδο.

A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more Ενδεικτική Βιβλιογραφία Since then, the issue has preoccupied several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach are being summarized from Α. Ελληνόγλωσση comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: Αθανασόπουλος Κωνστ., ΓΕ., (2007), Θεσμικό Πλαίσιο Περιφερειακής interpretations the phenomenon of thecategory following: In a sense,Τομ. theof phenomenon is due togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups Ανάπτυξης. Α., Αθήναι, εκδ. Κ.Ε.Μ.Ε.Α. to “return” to the city, leaving the ΓΕ., purlieus for several high costs in money Αθανασόπουλος Κωνστ., (2008), Δίκαιο reasons: Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης. Νέα and timeΤόμ. to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the έκδοση. Α και Β, Αθήναι, εκδ. Κ.Ε.Μ.Ε.Α.

The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.of safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Δεληθέου Βασ., Δ., (2018), Θεσμικό Πλαίσιο Περιφερειακής Ανάπτυξης.

Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Αθήναι, Παπαζήσης.

Youth Unemployment.

The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car access markets, etc.where studies and R., research in Geneva,J.,Prague, London Neweasier York she came to back to London, Noe Hollenbeck Gerhart B., and Wright P., Επιστημονική Επιμέλεια: in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and Καθηγητής Κωνστ. ΓΕ. ΑΘΑΝΑΣΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ, (2007), Διαχείριση Ανθρωπίνων University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying Πόρων, Α΄ και Β΄ Αθήναι, Παπαζήσης. her workΤόμοι are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCo depreciation initially of part the urban web, in 10th edit.

Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: Παπαδασκαλόπουλος Αθ., Χριστοφάκης Μ.,of Περιφερειακός G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually Προγραμματισμός και Αναπτυξιακός Σχεδιασμός. Αθήναι, Παπαζήσης.

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns Β. Ξενόγλωσση

Camagni, Ρ., Capello, P., (2013), “Regional Competitiveness and

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Territorial Capital: A Conceptual Approach and Empirical Evidence from the Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, European Union”, Regional Studies, 47(9): 1383–1402 Mr.governmentality George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Davoudi, S., (2016), “ResilienceByand of unknowns”, in M. Student of the School of Architecture Bevir (ed.) Governmentality after neoliberalism, Routledge Technical University of Crete Davoudi, S., (2005), “Understanding Territorial Cohesion”, Planning Practice and Research, 20(4): 433–441 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept Commission, (2011), “Territorial Agenda 1. European Introductory approach: the concept (444 ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, BC - of 370the BC,European Athens), Union 2020: anancient Inclusive, Smart and Sustainable of Athens), Diverse ANTISTHENIS, the Greek philosopher, (444 BCEurope -“principle”: 370 BC, among other Towards wise heritage he left us, he established a great the Regions”, Informal Ministerial Meeting of Ministers responsible for Spatial among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts.

Planning Development, Hungary acquisition ofTerritorial knowledge starts with thein definition the content of concepts.

Based,and therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term European Commission, (2008), “Green Paper Territorial Cohesion 1 (and Based, therefore, on this “principle” inindicated a first, if (in noton final, approach, the term urban gentrification) is the area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 Turning territorial diversity into strength”, from the gentrification (and urban gentrification) isarea, indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city the Communication removal (in various Commission to the Council, the European Parliament, the Committee of the Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, Regions European Economic and Social Committee, {SEC(2008) ways), ofand social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement of artists, the operation ofthe art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However “change”,there regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless 2550}, Brussels whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof whatever otherCommission, consequences has, results rising ofSpatial land prices (and the European (1999), “ESDP:also European Development potential relative speculation). potential relative speculation).

Perspective.

Balanced andatSustainable Development of the Territory The term Towards gentrification is found first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers of to The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refers the then European Union”, Office forbuy Official Publications of the the observed trendLuxembourg: ofiswealthy to property in poor ofto the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas European Communities London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old residents areof London, upgrade them, stay there and thus residents are Fisher, F.,“squeezed”.

Miller, G., themselves Sidney, M.,sometimes (2007), “Handbook ofold Public Policy being indirectly being indirectly “squeezed”.

Analysis : Theory,of Politics and Methods”, CRC Press A description this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth APapakonstantinidis, description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included the recorded work Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar were in other major L., Barbarousi, C., in (2018), “Aof Social Welfare GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries,Through by other Researchers.

Economics Proposal Bargaining Theory: a Win-Win-Win cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue several scholars andPlayer for its to more Papakonstantinidis Modelhas Approach Inserting Overall Arbitrator the then, the issue has several scholars and for its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized below, from the various LocalSince Development Game”, International Journal of Innovation and Economic comprehensive approach are being summarized from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thebelow, following: Development, 3(6): 55–60 interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In aPetrakos, sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of adynamics new social groups G., (2012), “Integration, spatial and of regional policy to “return”intothe theEuropean city, leaving the purlieus several reasons: high costs in money dilemmas Union”, Regionfor & Periphery, (2): 7–20 and time to travel Y., from the purlieus downtown, where work place is, Crisis lack ofand the Psycharis, Kallioras, D., to Pantazis, P., (2014), “Economic 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Regional Resilience: Detecting the Geographical Footprint of Economic Crisis in Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health,Science education, entertainment “at6(2): the heart of the city”, (possibly) Greece”, Regional Policy and 121–141 Youth Unemployment.

The same year shePractice, left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London New York“Territorial she came to back to London, Servillo, L., Atkinson, R., Russo, A., and P., (2011), attractiveness in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and inUniversity EU urban and spatial policy: A critical review and future research agenda”, College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying European Urban and Regional Studies, 0(0):1–17 her work are characterized by a passion for justice.

See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling real estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit.

Wil. SONS AND Ltd.Endogenous London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: Toth, B.,COLLINS I., (2011), “Changing Development: the Territorial Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm aCapital”, varietyJournal of ways, order Abstract. to and achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, of in Economics Business Research, 17(2): 137–151(actually

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