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GENTRIFICATION Μπορεί να αλλάξει η Ευρωπαϊκή Πολιτική; Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Του κυρίου Ναπ. ΜΑΡΑΒΕΓΙΑ Καθηγητού Ευρωπαϊκής Ολοκλήρωσης και Concerns Αντιπρύτανη του Εθνικού και Καποδιστριακού

Πανεπιστημίου Αθηνών

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, Το εγχείρημα της Ευρωπαϊκής Ολοκλήρωσης πλησιάζει τα

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect εξήντα του χρόνια.(1957-2016). Ωστόσο ,όσο αυξάνονται οι χώρες – Student of the School of Architecture Technical Universityκαι of Crete μέλη που αποτελούν την Ευρωπαϊκή Ένωση, τόσο αυξάνονται οι

δυσκολίες του εγχειρήματος.

1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept

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1. Introductory the concept ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, (444 BC BC, Athens), Η ιδέα τηςapproach: Ενωμένης Ευρώπης συνεχίζει να- 370 συγκινεί τους ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great “principle”: λαούς των χωρών της ΕΕ. Ο τρόπος, όμως, που επιχειρείταιthe η among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of theσε content concepts. ενοποίηση, φαίνεται να τους προβληματίζει, βαθμό που, όταν acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term κάποιος τουςurban ευρωπαϊκούς λαούς δημοψήφισμα 1 (and Based,από therefore, on this “principle” inindicated a καλείται first, if (in notμε final, approach, the για term gentrification) is the area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 να αποφανθεί για τις“refining” επιλογές πολιτικών ηγεσιών του, απαντά gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the of των a cityis area, the removal (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various συνήθως αρνητικά. Έτσι, ο Γαλλικός και ο Ολλανδικός λαός ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement there of λαός artists, the operation of galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”, regardless of αρνήθηκαν τηart Συνταγματική Συνθήκη (2005), ο Ιρλανδικός the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the χρειάστηκε να ψηφίσει δύο φορές για να αποδεχθεί τη Συνθήκη τηςof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative Λισαβόνας,(2009) ενώ το αποκορύφωμα της άρνησης της potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to Ευρωπαϊκής Ολοκλήρωσης ήρθε με το πρόσφατο δημοψήφισμα στη The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refers the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor ofto Βρετανία.(23.6.2016) the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old residents areof London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. Προφανώς, στην αρνητική στάση των πολιτών σε διάφορες being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth ευρωπαϊκές χώρες παίζουν isσημαντικό συγκυριακοί A description ofperiod, this phenomenon included inwere the ρόλο work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar situations recorded in other major παράγοντες και ζητήματα εσωτερικής πολιτικής (ανεργία, GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, byμετανάστες, other Researchers. κοινωνικές οικονομική δυσπραγία Since then,ανισότητες, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its κ.α.), more Since then, the issue has preoccupied several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach being summarized from όμως και ο τρόπος πουare προχωρεί η ευρωπαϊκή ολοκλήρωση δεν comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: φαίνεται να εγκρίνεται από τους Ευρωπαίους πολίτες. interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups Η διάσταση μεταξύ διακηρύξεων της Ευρωπαϊκής to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costsΈνωσης in money and to travel fromεπιτευγμάτων the purlieus to downtown, where workτης place is, lack of the και time πραγματικών για τη βελτίωση καθημερινής 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search wasbetter born in sense safety the distributed residencies outside townΗcentres, for ζωής των ευρωπαίων πολιτών μεγαλώνει. Ε.Ε.GLASS εμφανίζεται Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the (possibly) αδύναμη να αντιμετωπίσει οικονομική τωνcity”, τελευταίων Youth Unemployment.

The same yearτην she left Germany andκρίση after continuous movements for lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, ofaction buying her workΤο areκείμενο characterized a passion for justice. also: COLLINS DICTIONARY. αυτόbyαποτελεί μέρος τηςSeeεισαγωγής τουENGLISH νέου συλλογικού and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: βιβλίου με επιμέλεια του Ναπ. Μαραβέγια με τίτλο «ΕΥΡΩΠΑΙΚΗ ΕΝΩΣΗ G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually Δημιουργία, Εξέλιξη, Προοπτικές» Εκδ . Κριτική , Αθήνα 2016.

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ετών Definition, με την αρμόζουσα γενναιοδωρία από την πλευρά των GENTRIFICATION Types of Intervention, πλουσιότερων χωρών– μελών έναντι των φτωχότερων, ενώ Definition, Types of intervention, Concerns of Gentrification ταυτόχρονα, αποδεικνύεται ανίκανη να αντιμετωπίσει το προσφυγικό ζήτημα.

Concerns

Καθώς ένα όλο και μεγαλύτερο μέρος των ευρωπαίων πολιτών ανησυχεί για το μέλλον μπροστά στην αυξανόμενη

By Mr.του George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS ανεργία, τη ΄΄φτωχοποίηση΄΄ και τοGraduate φόβο School των of μεταναστών, ο Harvard University, Design, Student,

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS λαϊκισμός και η δημαγωγία βρίσκουν εύφορο έδαφος σχεδόν Architect σ’ όλες Student of the School of Architecture τις χώρες – μέλη. Αναδεικνύονται, έτσι, ηγέτες που υπόσχονται Technical University of Crete ΄΄παραδείσους΄΄, αρκεί να επιστρέψουμε στα εθνικά κράτη, αφού Introductory Defining the concept για1. όλα σχεδόνapproach: τα ΄΄δεινά΄΄ φταίει η Ευρωπαϊκή ολοκλήρωση. Η 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC 370 BC, Athens), απλοποίηση των προβλημάτων και οι concept υποσχέσεις για- μαγικές λύσεις ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great “principle”: the αποτελούν τα βασικά στοιχεία του λαϊκισμού. Η δαιμονοποίηση της among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. Ευρωπαϊκής Ολοκλήρωσης προσφέρεται για ΄΄άγρα΄΄ των acquisition of knowledge starts with the the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” indefinition a first, if of not final, approach, the term Ευρωπαίων πολιτών –gentrification) ψηφοφόρων σεPlanning) επισφαλή 1 (and Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated aπου first, βρίσκονται if (in notthe final, approach, the term urban area of (or gentrification 1 οικονομική κατάσταση . gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal (in various

Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), ofΑπό social groups, of low-income andthe theremoval placement την άλληusually πλευρά μπορεί η Ευρωπαϊκή Ένωση να ofπείσει ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of ότι βρίσκεται σε μια πορεία που ανταποκρίνεται στις προσδοκίες the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof της πλειονότητας των Ευρωπαίων Πολιτών; φαίνεται να το whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also risingΔεν of land prices (and the potential relative potential relative speculation). επιτυγχάνει, όχι μόνο isεπειδή The term gentrification found atδεν first έχει in theεπικοινωνιακή UK in early 1960s στρατηγική, and it refers to Theεπειδή term gentrification foundαπογυμνωθεί atpeople first in the UKαπό in early 1960s and itareas refers the then observed trend ofisέχει wealthy to buy property inπολιτικό poor ofto αλλά πράγματι κάθε και the then observed trend of wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves and thus old residents are ιδεολογικό περιεχόμενο περιοριζόμενη σε μια οικονομικήof London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. ΄΄τεχνοκρατική΄΄ διαχείριση. being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth A description this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same period, similar in otherχωρίς major Αλλά καιofαυτή ηwhile οικονομική τεχνοκρατική διαχείριση GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western other Researchers. ιδεολογικό καιcountries, πολιτικόbyπεριεχόμενο φαίνεται να μην υπολογίζει τις cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has several περιοχών scholars and its more ανάγκες των λιγότερο ευνοημένων χωρών, καιfor πολιτών, Since then, the issue has several below, scholars and for its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized from the various αλλά να προτάσσει αποκλειστικά σχεδόν την ανταγωνιστικότητα comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: της οικονομίας.

Inευρωπαϊκής a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups to “return” to the city, leaving από the purlieus for severalρύθμιση reasons: high in money Η μεγάλη στροφή την κευνσιανή τηςcosts Οικονομίας and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the προς safety ταtermνεοφιλελεύθερα προτάγματα των οικονομικών τηςin from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born sense1.ofThe atcomes the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, where she first studies. In 1932 published an important study entitled: προσφοράς, μεmade τηνherαπορρύθμιση τουshe προστατευτικού κοινωνικού services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for πλαισίου και την υποβάθμιση του κοινωνικού κράτους από την lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc. studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back to London, where in According 1943 sheτου published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning.

In 1950 sheto became teacher in to ’80, another approach, the is των due a systematic and δεκαετία οδηγεί σε τεράστια αύξηση ανισοτήτων σεthe University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying όλες σχεδόν τις χώρεςbyσε παγκόσμια κλίμακα. her work are characterized a passion for justice.

See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

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TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP.AN. AN./ R.DEC. / R.DEC.ADM. ADM.LOC. LOC.DEV. DEV.REG. REG./ R. / R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC.GOV. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. DEV. E¶.

GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student,

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Student of the School of Architecture Technical University of Crete

30

1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept 1. Introductory approach: the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the acquisition of knowledge starts with κανόνων theindefinition the content of concepts.

Based, on this “principle” a first,γερμανικής if of not final, approach, the term Η therefore, αυστηρή τήρηση των έμπνευσης από 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification όλες τις χώρες της ευρωζώνης, χωρίς ουσιαστική συναίνεση της 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) gentrification (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various πλειοψηφίας των πολιτών τους, για τη διαχείριση των δημοσίων Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, οικονομικών και τουusually κοινού νομίσματος, την there οικονομική ways), of social groups, of low-income and εντείνει thethis placement of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless δυσπραγία των πολλών και ΄΄στραγγαλίζει΄΄ τις δυνατότητες whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has,στις results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative άσκησης κοινωνικής πολιτικής λιγότερο αποδοτικές οικονομίες potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is foundΝότου. at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to των χωρών του ευρωπαϊκού The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor the then observed trend people to there buy ούτε property in poor areas Ωστόσο, τίποτα δενwealthy είναι sometimes αναλλοίωτο νομοτελειακό. Ηof London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old residents are London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. πολιτική έχει πολλές δυνατότητες. Η οικονομία δεν έχει being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included the work of Sociologist Ruth ΄΄σιδερένιους΄΄ νόμους που δεν μπορούν ναinαλλάξουν.

A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major Παρά την πίεση που ασκεί η προϊούσα παγκοσμιοποίηση, η cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, by other Researchers.

Since then, the issue hasτους preoccupied several scholars and forδιεθνούς its more οποία επιβάλλει περιορισμούς της Since then, the issue has preoccupied several below, scholars andthe for various more comprehensive approach are being summarized from ανταγωνιστικότητας, υπάρχουν εναλλακτικές λύσεις. its Αυτές, comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, theΚράτος following:και η άνοδος προφανώς, δεν είναι η επιστροφή στο Εθνικό interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups των εθνικισμών που οδηγεί στη σύγκρουση, όπως συνέβη στο to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money Μεσοπόλεμο. and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Προφανώς εξαρτάται των Berlin, where she made her first studies. In από 1932 sheτους publishedσυσχετισμούς an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”,movements (possibly)for Youth Unemployment.

The same year she left Germany and after continuous οικονομικών, κοινωνικών και πολιτικών δυνάμεων σεmarkets, εθνικόetc.και lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, where διεθνές επίπεδο πόσο και πότε θα αλλάξει η ευρωπαϊκή πολιτική in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public and προς τηνinformal κατεύθυνση του εκδημοκρατισμού και τηςbrokers αλληλεγγύης long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, ofaction buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in μεταξύ ευρωπαϊκών κρατώνμελών . WIKIPEDIA: 10th edit.των Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

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