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ΛΕΝΕΤΑ ΣΤΡΑΝΗ: ΑΛΠΙΚΗ ΖΩΝΗ GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, ofΤου intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification κυρίου Αθαν. ΝΙΑΡΧΟΥ Συγγραφέα Concerns

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Στα 57 ποιήματα της Λενέτας Στράνη που συγκροτούν το

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS ποιητικό της βιβλίο «Αλπική Ζώνη» οκτώ είναι τα ποιήματα που τις Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, λέξεις των τίτλων τους και επομένως και τους ίδιους τους τίτλους θα

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect μπορούσε να τους διαβάσει κανείς προκειμένου να στεγάσουν και ένα Student of the School of Architecture Technical University υφής. of Crete επικαιρικό δημοσιογραφικό κείμενο, πολιτικής ή κοινωνικής Διαβάζω τους οκτώ αυτούς τίτλους: «Το ατύχημα», «Μεταμεσονύκτιο 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept συμβάν», «Ασύμφορη Μάχη», «Ακριβά «Γεγονός μη 1. Introductory approach: the conceptΛάφυρα», ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), αναστρέψιμο», «Σε περίοδο ισχνών αγελάδων», «Η δεξίωση», ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the «Απόδοση Τιμών». Τα επόμενα 49 ποιήματα είτε πρόκειται για among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts.τους τίτλους «Φθινοπωρινός περίπατος» και if of «Το μαλακό φως acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, not final, approach, the μιας term 1 (and Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, Ερέβους» if (in notthe final, approach, the term υδατογραφίας» είτε για τους τίτλουςisin«Οδός και με urban gentrification) indicated area of«Αγκαλιά Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various το λυκόφως» ακόμη και αν δεν τους χαρακτήριζε κανείς αμέσως ως Sociology well), as the “refining” ofτο a city area, the fromthere this, (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andπολύ theremoval placement of στίχους ήasτίτλους ποιημάτων, πολύ να τους απέδιδε ως ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless of ονομασίες μουσικών συμφωνιών που έχουν μια μακρά και ένδοξη the operation ofconsequences art galleries, restaurants, etc.also However this “change”, regardless of whatever other has, results rising of land prices (and the ιστορία στον χώρο της μουσικής, αλλά συμβαίνει οofίδιος να τις αγνοεί. whatever other consequences has, results also rising land prices (and the potential relative speculation). Θα ήθελαrelative να επιμείνω σ’ αυτό το θέμα των λέξεων όσον αφορά την potential speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to ποιήτρια Λενέτα Στράνη, σοφή Πολ The term gentrification foundπειθαρχώντας atpeople first in the UKστην in early 1960s and του itareas refers the then observed trend ofisτόσο wealthy to buy property inρήση poor ofto Βαλερί ότι «η ποίηση φτιάχνεται μεsometimes λέξεις»toόσο έναν άλλοareas λόγο. the then observed trend of wealthy people buyκαι property in poor London, upgrade them, stay themselves there andγια thus old residents areof London, upgrade them, themselves sometimes and thus old residents are Θεωρώ το βιβλίο τηςstay «Αλπική Ζώνη» σαν there ένα ντοκουμέντο για τη being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”.

A descriptionήofμάλλον this phenomenon included in the σημασία work of Sociologist Ruth δισυπόστατη άπειρωνisυποστάσεων των λέξεων.

A το description ofκαι thisτόσο phenomenon isότι included inwere the recorded work κόβεις of Sociologist Ruth GLASS atγνωστό the same period, while similar situations in other major Κατά εύστοχο με ένα μαχαίρι μια φέτα GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities Western countries, by ψωμίinαλλά σκοτώνεις κι other ένανResearchers. άνθρωπο. Η Στράνη χρησιμοποιεί τις cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more λέξεις της με έναν τρόπο τόσο διαυγή ώστε εξίσου διαυγής να γίνεται Since then, the issue has several scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized below, from και ο χώρος τωνapproach υπαρξιακών αναφορών, πουbelow, έχουμε συνηθίσει να comprehensive are της being summarized from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: τον λογαριάζουμε ως έναν χώρο πολυδαίδαλο, ασαφή. Γράφει: «Τα interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups αιωνόβια χέρια των μοναχικών γυναικών / καθώς χάϊδευαν to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs ακίνητα in money στιςtime αυλές / κάθε απόβραδο το to παρελθόν τους». and to travel from the purlieus downtown, where work place is, lack of the 1.of The term from Sociologist Ruthμοναχικές, GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS -for was born in Ξέρουμε πωςatcomes υπάρχουν γυναίκες ότιcentres, υπάρχουν ακόμη sense safety the distributed residencies outside town better Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of-health, entertainment “at the heart ofλέξη the city”, (possibly) ευτυχώς αυλές,education, φτάνουν δυο ακίνητα και ηfor Youth Unemployment.

The same όμως year she left μονάχα Germany λέξεις, and afterηcontinuous movements lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc. studies and research Geneva, Prague, London andαίσθηση New York she came back to London,μιας where λέξη αιωνόβια γιαin να αποκτήσουμε την μιας λειτουργίας, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the toκαλύτερα another approach, the is due a systematic and τελετουργίας που μεταβάλλει, με το να αναγεννάται και να University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, ofaction buying her work are characterized by a passion justice.των See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. διαιωνίζεται, σε «αιωνόβια» ταforχέρια γυναικών, τόσο πρόσκαιρα and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: κι’ αυτά όπως το κάθε τι στην ένσαρκη παρουσία του ανθρώπου.

G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

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Οι τρεις αυτοί στίχοι από το ποίημα «Ακριβά λάφυρα» που θα GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, τους υπέγραφε με ενθουσιασμό ο Γιάννης Ρίτσος, συνοψίζουν κατά Types Concerns of Gentrification κάποιο Definition, τρόπο την «ποιητική» αλλά καιof τηνintervention, καλλιτεχνική ιδιοσυστασία της Λενέτας Στράνη. Το κάθε τι για να υπάρξει, χρειάζεται να Concerns μεταποιηθεί σε κάτι άλλο είτε μέσα στον ποιητικό είτε μέσα στον

ιστορικό χρόνο και εδώ θα επικαλούμασταν ακόμη μια φορά τον Mr.το George-Sp. ATHANASOPOULOS Γιάννη Ρίτσο, στον οποίο ακόμηByκαι πέταγμαC.μιας μύγας δηλώνει Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, έναν κόσμο ανυποψίαστο ως τη στιγμή που ο ποιητής αποφασίζει να

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect μας τον αποκαλύψει. Όπως ακριβώς συμβαίνει με το ποίημα «Ομοειδή» Student of the School of Architecture της Στράνη που υπόθεση (αν μπορεί να εννοηθεί ποίημαUniversity με υπόθεση), Technical of Crete ατμόσφαιρα, λέξεις καθώς και η άηχη μουσική ενός κόσμου υπαρκτού, 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept αλλά αθέατου, συγκροτούν ένα σκηνικό που μεγεθυμένο θα στοίχειωνε 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), Greek τονANTISTHENIS, πλανήτη, αλλάthe ενancient σμικρώ είναιphilosopher, μόνο ο ποιητής που μπορεί να το ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among otherΣαν wiseμια heritage he left us, he established a great the παρατηρεί. αρχή γένεσης των πάντων τα(444 ποιήματα της Στράνη, among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. είτε πρόκειται για έννοιες, είτε τα ίδια τα πράγματα, περισσότερο acquisition of knowledge starts withγια thein definition the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term δείχνει να therefore, οσφραίνεται την καταγωγή που ενδιαφέρεται να 1 (and urban Based, on this “principle” inindicated aτους first,παρά if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) is area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 την επαναφέρει όπως υπήρξε κάποτε. Γεγονός που δίνει μια μεγάλη gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal (in various ελευθερία στις λέξεις της και στις διαδρομές που έχουν διανύσει αυτές Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), ofναsocial groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement of artists, ώσπου φτάσουν να γίνουν τα απαραίτητα υλικά για there τη σύνθεση the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices theof των ποιημάτων της, με αποτυπωμένο όμως πάνω τους το (and ακριβό whatever other consequences resultsεκδοχή also rising land pricesπου (andτη the potential relative δακτυλικό της speculation). αποτύπωμα. has, Τη διττή τηςofγλώσσας, potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first inπαρουσία the UK in early and itθα refers to σημειώσαμε ήδη ως δισυπόστατη των 1960s λέξεων, την The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor αναγνωρίσει κανείς στην κατακλείδα πολλών Στράνη the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people to there buyποιημάτων property in της poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old residents areof με έναν στίχο που φαίνεται συμπερασματικός, κάτιand σαν επιμύθιο, αλλά London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. στην πραγματικότητα συνιστά αυτή την μορφή αυθαιρεσίας, που being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth υιοθετεί ποίηση προκειμένου να isδώσει σχήμα στο άμορφο υλικόmajor του A description ofperiod, this phenomenon included inwere the work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS atηthe same while similar situations recorded in other GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major κόσμου, όπως συσσωρεύεται καθημερινά, cities in Western countries, by other Researchers.επί αιώνες. Με τον σύγχρονο cities inνα Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue and έχει for its more ποιητή στέκεται απόhas πάνω του τόσοseveral ενδεής,scholars σαν να μην γραφεί Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various ούτε ένας στίχος από έναν προγενέστερο συνάδελφό του και more να comprehensivethe approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations theχάρη following: χρειάζεται ο of ίδιος phenomenon εξ υπαρχής ofναgentrification, ανακαλύψει, σε έναν ήχο, αν interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense,ένα theof phenomenon is dueof toήgentrification, a trend a new of social κρύβεται σπάνιο μέταλλο ένας ofαπλός ντενεκές μέσαgroups στα to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money παλίμψηστα και στις επιχωματώσεις όπως δημιουργούνται στις and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the εκβολές της ποίησης τηςresidencies καθημερινότητας. Στράνη φαίνεται ναin 1.of The termat comes fromκαι Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS wasbetter born sense safety the distributed outside townΗcentres, for Berlin, where she madeτο herμυστικό first studies.

In 1932 she published an important study entitled: έχει πολιορκήσει του πώς επιτυγχάνεται η εξόρυξη της services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for αυθεντικότητας ενός μετάλλου. Αφού τον χρόνο lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private easier access markets, etc.τον studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car New York αισθητικό she came to back to London, where in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning.

In 1950 sheto became teacher in the περιβάλλει με ακριβή ιδιωτεία των στίχων ρυάκι ατίθασο η to την another approach, the is«ένα due a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying χωρίστρα που / ξεδιψούσε η έγνοια μου για τη συγκομιδή», για να μας her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling real estate, etc., for the depreciation initially of part the urban web,αν in 10th edit. σ’ Wil. COLLINS SONS AND Co Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: περάσει έναν χρόνο, θα τολμούσε κανείς να τον πειof συμπαντικό, Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: Abstract. http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm aκαι variety of ways, in order toυπάρχουν achieve the “voluntary”, (actually οι σχετικοί στίχοι του σ’“assisted”, ένα ποίημα που τιτλοφορείται 252185 11

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

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«Ο μικρόκοσμος». Γράφει: «Σίσυφοι μιας ατέρμονης / ματαιοπονίας για να κερδίζει την πληρότητα η τροχιά». Η ποίηση μπορεί να δίνει όποιο περιεχόμενο θέλει στις λέξεις και τα γεγονότα και το συνειδητό ον, που υπόκειται σε όλα τα ποιήματα της Στράνη, να μεταβάλλεται αιφνίδια σε έναν Σίσυφο που ενεργεί ερήμην του, ή μάλλον για να συντηρείται η κίνηση μιας τροχιάς που Byτους Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS αγνοεί ο ίδιος τους σκοπούς για οποίους έχει τεθεί σε κίνηση.

Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Θεωρώ πως η στάση αυτή της Στράνη δεν είναι άσχετη με μιαStudent, άλλη,

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect απολύτως κατακτημένη, ποιητική της εκφορά, να μην είναι δηλαδή το Student of the School of Architecture υποκείμενο που θεάται τον κόσμο, αλλά να Technical είναι ο University αδιαπέραστος of Crete αντικειμενικός κόσμος που θεάται περίσκεπτος το υποκείμενο, χωρίς Introductory approach: Defining theτο concept να 1.μπορείς να καταλάβεις αν τελικά υποκείμενο έχει καταφέρει να 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek - 370 BC, Athens), κλέψει το αυτεξούσιό του, ή philosopher, παραμένει (444 ένα BC ενεργούμενο του ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great μακρόκοσμου. Ενδεικτικό από την άποψη αυτή θα θεωρούσαμε the το among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. μια εκπληκτικό ποίημα «Γεγονός μη αναστρέψιμο» που μεταφέρει acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term διαπίστωση καθαρά κλινικής υφής χώρο εννοιολογικής 1 (and Based, therefore, on this “principle” inindicated aσε first,έναν if (in notthe final, approach, the term urban gentrification) is area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 σύγκρουσης, καθώς και τα ποιήματα «Ουσιομανής άγγελος» και «Ιστοί gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal (in various κατάλληλοι» από το προηγούμενο ποιητικό βιβλίο της Στράνη «Διεθνή Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement of artists, Ύδατα». the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”,there regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices στίχους, (and theof Μιλήσαμε όμως για συμπερασματικούς, ακροτελεύτιους whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, resultsπολύ also rising land the potential κάτι σανrelative επιμύθιο, κι ενώ γνωρίζουμε καλά of πως η prices ποίηση(and τόσο potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s it refersνα to περισσότερο πείθει όσο λιγότερο αισθάνεται την and ανάγκη The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor επιχειρηματολογεί, μπαίνουμε να αντιγράψουμε the then observed trend wealthyστον peopleπειρασμό to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes and thus old residents areof μερικούς. Έχουμε λοιπόν: «Καλά κρατεί τα μυστικά έρως», «Τα London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there andτου thusοold residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. σήμαντρα του πάθους ραγισμένα», «Στον έρωτα δεν συνηθίζεται being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth ανάσταση», τον· για ποιητή», «Κιofο Sociologist ύπνος A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work Ruth GLASS at the«Συλλάβετέ same whileπρόκειται similar in otherάφησε major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major τα όνειρα ξεκλείδωτα», «Σε κάθε άνοιξη καταλογίζεται απληστία», «Ο cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has several for its more ουρανός ασέληνος πενθοφορούσε». Αν scholars προσέξειand κανείς θα Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various παρατηρήσει πως με μια διαφορετική διατύπωση, με τις ίδιες ακριβώς comprehensive approach are being summarized from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, theηbelow, following: λέξεις όλων αυτών των ακροτελεύτιων στίχων, Στράνη θα μπορούσε interpretations of the phenomenon of thecategory following: a sense, the togentrification, a trend of a άραγε; new να Inγράψει έναphenomenon καινούργιοis due ποίημα. Γιατί Γιατίof social μέσα groups τους to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money υπάρχουν όλες οι λέξεις κλειδιά - σύμβολα της ποίησης όπως and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the «μυστικό», «έρως», «ανάσταση», 1.of The termat comes from «πάθος», Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS«όνειρο», wasbetter born in sense safety the distributed residencies outside town«ποιητής», centres, for Berlin, where she made her first και studies.

In 1932 she published an important study entitled: «άνοιξη», «σελήνη», έστω ως «ασέληνος ουρανός». services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for Είναι του from συνόλου ποιημάτων της «Αλπικής lower living costενδεικτικές of, in “withdrawal” private car access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London andτων Neweasier York she came to back to London, in According 1943 she studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the Ζώνης» οι published λέξεις αυτές; Χωρίς the να πλειοψηφούν σε σχέση με άλλες to another approach, is due a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying λέξεις, έχουν το προσόν, αν και λέξεις αφηρημένες, να υπηρετούν με her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realευθύβολο estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially ofπου part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. COLLINS SONS AND Ltd. 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: εξαιρετικά τρόπο μιαLondon εικονοποιία μετεωρίζεται, ή Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: Abstract. http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm aκαλύτερα variety ofακροβατεί, ways, in order to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually ή ακόμα καλύτερα ερωτοτροπεί με την άβυσσο

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

του αισθήματος, τουαλλά αισθήματος, τελικά να αλλά κερδίζει τελικά (ηνα εικονοποιία κερδίζει (ηεννοούμε) εικονοποιία τηνεννοούμε) τ αιχμηρότητα αιχμηρότητα ενός διαπεραστικού ενός διαπεραστικού ξίφους. «Δραπέτη ξίφους. σε «Δραπέτη συνέλαβε σε η συνέλαβε αφοσίωση / αφοσίωση πάνω στο ατσάλινο / πάνω στο άλογο ατσάλινο της προδοσίας». άλογο της Επομένως προδοσίας». Επομένω όλοι αυτοί όλοι και άλλοι αυτοί τόσοι και άλλοι ακροτελεύτιοι τόσοι ακροτελεύτιοι στίχοι μοιάζει στίχοι να μοιάζει υπαινίσσονταιυπαινίσσονται σε ποιήματα σε ολοκληρωμένα ποιήματα ολοκληρωμένα κάτι που μένει κάτιαπέξω που μένει απέ πάντα, ακόμαπάντα, και σε ακόμα σχέση και με το σεπιο σχέση εντελές με τοποίημα. πιο εντελές Δεν συνοψίζουν ποίημα. Δεν συνοψίζο By δεν Mr. George-Sp. ATHANASOPOULOS επ’ ουδενί το ποίημα, επ’ ουδενί δεντοτοποίημα, συμπληρώνουν, το συμπληρώνουν, μόνοC. που το ποίημα μόνο που χωρίς το ποίημα χωρ Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, τον ακροτελεύτιο τον ακροτελεύτιο στίχο θα διαβαζόταν στίχο θαδιαφορετικά, διαβαζόταν διαφορετικά, έστω κι αν δενέστω το κι αν δεν

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect υποψιαζόταν υποψιαζόταν κανείς. Δουλειά κανείς. όμωςΔουλειά του ποιητή όμως είναι του αυτή ποιητή ακριβώς: είναι αυτή Να ακριβώς: Ν Student of the School of Architecture θεωρεί πως θεωρεί το πολιορκήσιμο πως το πολιορκήσιμο αλλά και ουδέποτε αλλά καιεκπορθούμενο ουδέποτε εκπορθούμε Technical University of Crete πρόσωπο τηςπρόσωπο Μέδουσας, τηςθαΜέδουσας, αρκούσε μια θα αρκούσε αθέατη αμυχή μια αθέατη του, για αμυχή να του, για 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept εισδύσει στο εισδύσει εσωτερικό στο του εσωτερικό σε βαθμό του πουσεθαβαθμό ήταν που αδύνατον θα ήταν να αδύνατον το να 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, ancientπάγια Greek philosopher, κατορθώσει κατορθώσει με theτην με την ενατένιση πάγια των ενατένιση πιο καίριων των πιο καίριω ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, established a «Διεθνή great the Ύδατα» τ χαρακτηριστικών. χαρακτηριστικών. «Η Αλπική Ζώνη» «Η he Αλπική όπως και Ζώνη» τα όπως και Ύδατα» τα «Διεθνή της among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. Λενέτας Στράνη Λενέτας συγκεράζουν Στράνη συγκεράζουν την ποιητική την κυριολεξία ποιητική με τη γοητείαμε τη γοητε acquisition of knowledge starts with thein definition the content ofκυριολεξία concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term του Based, μυστηρίου, του δηλαδή μυστηρίου, τις“principle” λέξεις δηλαδή όπως λέξεις διέπουν όπως οιarea τις δικοί διέπουν τουςthe νόμοι οι term δικοί τους νόμ 1 (and therefore, on this inτις a τις first, if (in not final, approach, urban gentrification) is indicated the of Planning) (or gentrification 1 μέσα στην ποίηση μέσα με στην την ποίηση έλξη όπως με την την έλξη ασκεί όπως το αβυθομέτρητο την ασκεί το αβυθομέτρητο βάθος βάθ gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal (in various του ανθρώπου. του ανθρώπου.

Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement

ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”,there regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless of whatever otherδύο consequences has, results alsoαπό rising land prices (andέκδ. the Ακολουθούν Ακολουθούν ποιήματαδύο απόποιήματα τη συλλογή Διεθνή τηofσυλλογή ύδατα Διεθνή (1η ύδατα (1η έκ whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential speculation). Στιγμή, relative 2η έκδ. Κουκκίδα) τέσσερα και ποιήματα απόποιήματα τη συλλογή Στιγμή, 2η έκδ.και Κουκκίδα) τέσσερα από τη συλλο potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at firstΚίχλη). in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to Αλπική ζώνη (εκδόσεις Κίχλη). Αλπική ζώνη (εκδόσεις The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old residents areof Ουσιομανής άγγελος Ουσιομανής άγγελος London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth Το του Το κορμί A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS atκορμί the same whileτου similar in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major από την ξύλινη καρέκλα έγερνε από την ξύλινη καρέκλα cities inέγερνε Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more σε τραπεζάκι καφενείου μαρμάρινο σε τραπεζάκι καφενείου μαρμάρινο Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach are being summarized from Κέρδιζε η σιωπή στο τάβλι Κέρδιζε η σιωπή στο τάβλι below, comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of theεφημερίδα phenomenon of gentrification, the following: Μια πρωινή ατσαλάκωτη Μια πρωινή εφημερίδα ατσαλάκωτη interpretations the phenomenon of thecategory following: In aτον sense, theof phenomenon is due togentrification, a trend of a new κοίταζε απ’ την πρώτη σελίδα της τον κοίταζε απ’ την πρώτη σελίδα της of social groups to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money απ’ ευθείας στα απ’μάτια ευθείας στα μάτια and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin,Μάτια where she made Μάτια her firstτρικάταρτα studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: ναυαγισμένα ναυαγισμένα τρικάταρτα services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for ξεβρασμένα στο αρχαίο λιμανάκι ξεβρασμένα στο αρχαίο λιμανάκι lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private easier access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car New York she came to back to London, in According 1943 she ύψιλον published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning.

1950 sheto became teacher in the ενός —άλλωστε τα—άλλωστε πνεύματα ενός ύψιλον ταInπνεύματα to another approach, the is due a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying έχουν εκλείψει— με εκλείψει— κοκκινόψαρα έχουν με κοκκινόψαρα her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, να etc., for the depreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit.

Wil. SONS AND Co Ltd. London WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: να περιδιαβαίνουν τις κόγχες τους περιδιαβαίνουν τις2009. κόγχες τους G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in λευκά order Abstract. to the “assisted”, (actually λευκά μαργαριτάρια οιachieve κόρες μαργαριτάρια οι κόρες “voluntary”, 252187 11

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Από το σάπιο δοκάρι του τίτλου Definition, Types of intervention, Concerns of Gentrification τσακισμένα φτερά γερανού κρέμονταν τα όμορφα χέρια του Concerns Χέρια καλλιτέχνη κι ας το ’κρυβαν

φανερές οι ουλές από σκάγια κατά μήκος της φλέβας By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS

Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student,

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Μυρωδάτα Πηλίου, φώναξε Student of the School of Architecture ο μανάβης της λαϊκής παίζοντας Technical University of Crete

στον αέρα δυο μήλα κόκκινα

88

1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept Η δωδεκάχρονη συμπόνια 1.

Introductory approach: the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, πλανόδια ανθοπώλης στο επάγγελμα ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among απίθωσε other wiseδυο heritage he leftγαρύφαλλα us, he established(444 a great the κάτασπρα among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. στο φέρετρο τραπεζάκι acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and Έπειτα έσκυψε στο ανοιχτό πουκάμισο gentrification urban gentrification) isarea, indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city the removal (in various λιγάκι προς τ’ αριστερά του στέρνου Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement of artists, να διαπιστώσει ιδίοις όμμασι τονHowever ήλον the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. “change”,there regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has,της results also rising of land prices (and theof πάνω στο άτριχο σημείο καρδιάς whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor Μοιραία συνάντηση the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old residents areof London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. Μέλωνε “squeezed”. το λαρύγγι του ο τζίτζικας being indirectly A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth όταν πρόλαβε να βγαίνω απ’ την πόρτα A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at theμε same while similar situations in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major ολόλευκο χιτώνα με κουκούλα cities in Φορούσε Western countries, by other Researchers. cities inαπό Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more σχισμές διέκρινα τα μάτια της Since then, the issue has preoccupied several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach are being summarized from Στα χέρια κράταγε δρεπανηφόρα απαγόρευση comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of theαπό phenomenon of gentrification, the following: Μου ’γνεψε απόσταση να σταματήσω interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money Έναν περίπατο μονάχα, της δικαιολογήθηκα and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the να δω at τα στάχυα πρινresidencies το θερισμό term comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed outside town centres, Berlin, where sheβρήκε made her first studies. μου In 1932 she published an important study entitled: Η λάμα της ανάσας τον τράχηλο services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for Σωριάστηκε η παράκληση υποταγμένη lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying Έβαλα πάλι το κλειδί στην τσέπη her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate,στον etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit.

Wil. SONS AND Ltd. διάδρομο London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: μπαίνοντας Αχέροντα G. ALEXANDRI: Abstract. http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order toεισέπραξε achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually Κλειδί αντίτιμο που η απόφαση

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να με περάσει σε όχθη GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of ερημίας Intervention, Definition, Types of intervention, Concerns of Gentrification Όπως ο θάνατος και η τέχνη μάς διεκδικεί Concerns Ορέγεται τα θύματά της καθ’ ολοκληρίαν

Ναοί ανήλιαγοι τα δώματα των ποιητών By στην Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS η ίδια Κέρβερος έξοδο παραμονεύει

Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student,

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Student of the School of Architecture Αντι-θέσεις Technical University of Crete

Νοέμβρη μήνα οιthe φίλοι μου οι επιδημητικοί 1. Introductory approach: Defining concept προετοιμάζονται γιαconcept τον ερχόμενο 1. Introductory approach: the ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, (444 BCχειμώνα - 370 BC, Athens), Να επισκευάσουν λίγο την ανία ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a τους great the among other wise heritage left us,definition he established a great σπασμένα τζάμια στα εξώθυρα των καθιερωμένων acquisition of knowledge startshe with the of the content of“principle”: concepts. the acquisition of knowledge starts with theτζάκι of the content of concepts. καυσόξυλα στο τηςifασφάλειας Based, therefore, on this “principle” indefinition a first, not final, approach, the term 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification αλεξικέραυνο για τα απρόοπτα και τις εκπλήξεις 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various άλλοι φίλοι αποδημητικοί θα ταξιδέψουν Sociology as well), asΟι the “refining” ofμου a cityοιarea, from this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement there ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, χτενίζουν τα φτερά τους στον ορίζοντα the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences results also rising Πούπουλαhas, γκρίζα πέφτουν απ’ of τοland χτένιprices τους (and theof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising ofονείρου land prices (and the potential relative και σκοτεινιάζει η προοπτική του potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first inθ’the UK in early 1960s and it refers to Μα και ακάλυπτοι αποτολμήσουν τη διαδρομή The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor the then observed trend wealthy people to buy in poor areas Μνήμα τους τα sometimes πελάγη και οι property κάμποι London, upgrade them, stay of themselves there and thus old residents areof London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth Ο μικρόκοσμος A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. Θραύσματα περιστρεφόμαστε cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied otherμοναξιάς Researchers.

Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more γύρωhas απ’ τον εαυτό μας και την Αφροδίτη Since then, the issue several scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized below, from με κύριο μέλημα τις αποστάσεις comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: interpretations theασφαλείας phenomenon of thecategory following: αφού τάξηofαπειλείται In a sense, theof phenomenon is due togentrification, aη trend a new of social groups απ’ την εγγύτητα. Σίσυφοι μιας ατέρμονης to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the ματαιοπονίας γιαGLASS, να κερδίζει termat comes from Sociologist Ruth 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside townτην centres, Berlin, where she made πληρότητα her first studies.

In 1932 she published anπου important study entitled: η τροχιά σ’ ένα πεδίο services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for επιταχυνόμενο επεκτείνεται lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier Yorkκαι she came to back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding city planning.

1950 sheto became teacher in the οι αποστάσεις μεταξύ μας In αλαργεύουν to another approach, the phenomenon is due a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, ofaction buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, Στη etc., for theCodepreciation initially of επιθυμία part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: σκοτεινή και ανεξιχνίαστη μας G. ALEXANDRI: Abstract. http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in Εκεί orderθα toβρίσκονται achieve theοι “assisted”, “voluntary”, συνδετικοί μας κρίκοι(actually

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, Types of intervention, Concerns of Gentrification Ακριβά λάφυρα Concerns Σηκώσαμε το καλοκαίρι στους ώμους μας

Τα ξύλινα παραθυρόφυλλα που άνθιζαν ήλιο

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Τις μονωδίες τωνHarvard παφλασμών στην πανσέληνο University, Graduate School of Design, Student, Τα αιωνόβια χέρια των μοναχικών γυναικών

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Student of the School of Architecture καθώς χάιδευαν ακίνητα στις αυλές Technical University of Crete κάθε απόβραδο το παρελθόν τους

90

1. Introductory Defining theώμους conceptμας Σηκώσαμεapproach: το καλοκαίρι στους 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, Θα το κρεμάσουμε να ξεραθεί αβίαστα ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the amongκάτω other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: απ’ την ωχράδα του φθινοπώρου acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the acquisition of knowledge starts withστο thein definition the content of concepts. καιtherefore, θα το καίμε λίγο λίγο τζάκι Based, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification για να 1πυρώνονται τα χειμωνιάτικα όνειρα gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal (in various Σηκώσαμε το καλοκαίρι στους ώμους μας Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement of artists, the operation of art galleries, etc. However “change”,there regardless of Το βάρος του τόσοrestaurants, ανάλαφρο όσο οι φτερούγες the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof των γλάρων που μας ξεπροβοδίζουν whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative speculation). potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor the then observed wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas Γεγονός μηtrend αναστρέψιμο London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old residents areof London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth Οι λέξεις“squeezed”. μεταφέρθηκαν νύχτα. Σήκωσαν A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASSέπιπλα at the same while similar in other major άδειασαν τιςwhile ντουλάπες κι άφησαν GLASS at the same period, similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. κλειδί countries, στην έξοδο. Τα φόρτωσαν cities inτο Western bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more Since then, the issue has preoccupied several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach are being summarized from όλα στην αργυρή κούπα του ύψιλον comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of ξεδιψούσαμε the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: –σ’ αυτή χρόνια interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon dueof togentrification, a trendτου of aρω new of social groups κλείνοντας πίσω τουςis την παροχή to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money σκέφτηκαν φαίνεται μήπως στάζει and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed outside town centres, Στενότης στο χώρο η residencies σιωπή κατέλαβε Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of δωμάτια health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) τα εκπνέει διοξείδιο Youth Unemployment.

The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies –το and research in Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, γνωρίζαμε πάντα in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and ήρθε η ώρα φοβάμαι να δραπετεύσουμε University College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, ofaction buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. αθόρυβα ένας ένας and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

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