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Συνεργασία δημοσίου – ιδιωτικού τομέα και τοπική GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, ανάπτυξη στην Ελλάδα: Κριτική αξιολόγηση της Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification εμπειρίας εφαρμογής του προγράμματος JESSICA
Concerns
Του κυρίου Σήφη ΠΛΥΜΑΚΗ Διδάσκ. Πανεπιστημίου Πελοποννήσου, Ερευν. National Centre for By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Public Performance, Rutgers University Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student,
By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Student of the School of Architecture συμμετοχής των ιδιωτών στην Ελληνική Technical University of Crete
Η αποτίμηση της τοπική αυτοδιοίκηση αποτελεί ένα εγχείρημα ιδιαίτερα σύνθετο, καθώς βρίσκεταιapproach: σε άμεση συνάρτηση με τις ιδιαίτερες παραμέτρους 1. Introductory Defining the concept 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept διαμόρφωσης του εθνικού μοντέλου τοπικής Ένα ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444διακυβέρνησης. BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC 370 BC, Athens), μοντέλο τοπικής διακυβέρνησης στοestablished οποίο ανa great και έχουν επέλθει among other wise heritage he left us, he “principle”: the among other wise heritage leftthe us, he τελευταία established a greatof “principle”: the acquisition of μεταρρυθμίσεις knowledge startshe with definition of the content concepts. ως σημαντικές κατά την 20ετία κυριότερα acquisition of knowledge starts with the definition of the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term προς την προώθηση του εκδημοκρατισμού, την αποκέντρωση των 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification αρμοδιοτήτων και τη συνένωση των δήμων, εντούτοις παραμένει σε 1 (and gentrification urban gentrification) isarea, indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city the removal (in various μεγάλο βαθμό μονοπωλιακό και διακρινόμενο από την περιορισμένη Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, αποδοτικότητα. Μονοπωλιακή παροχή των δημοτικών υπηρεσιών η ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”,there regardless of οποία συνεχίζει χαρακτηρίζει τηνetc. Ελληνική τοπική the operation ofconsequences artνα galleries, restaurants, However regardless whatever other has, results also risingthis of “change”, land αυτοδιοίκηση, prices (and theof παρά τα σημαντικά προβλήματα αποδοτικότητας που τη διακρίνουν, whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative speculation). potential relative speculation). καθώς και gentrification το σημαντικό αριθμό νομοθετικών την The term is found at first in the UK inπρωτοβουλιών early 1960s and it για refers to The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK που in earlyέχουν 1960s andεισαχθεί. itareas refersofto the then observed ofiswealthy to buy property in poor προώθηση της trend εναλλακτικής παροχής the then observed trend wealthy people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes and thusτων old residents areof Πρωτοβουλίες προώθησης της εναλλακτικής παροχής δημοτικών London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. υπηρεσιών, οι οποίες προωθήθηκαν ήδη από τα μέσα της δεκαετίας being indirectly “squeezed”. this phenomenon included in the work of Sociologist Ruth τουAAdescription 80, μέσωofofδράσεων όπως isisοι προγραμματικές η this phenomenon included inwere the recorded work ofσυμβάσεις, Sociologist Ruth GLASSdescription at the same period, while similar situations in other major διαδημοτική συνεργασία, οι συμβάσεις παραχώρησης και οι ΣΔΙΤ, τα GLASS at the same period, situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, bywhile othersimilar Researchers. οποία όμως επέφεραν τελικά περιορισμένα αποτελέσματα της cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars andεξαιτίας for its more Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more κανονιστικής πολυπλοκότητας που διέκρινε τη λειτουργία τους, της comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various αυξημένης γραφειοκρατίας προς τηνtheεποπτεία interpretations of the phenomenon ως of gentrification, following: τους, της interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: περιορισμένης διοικητικής των φορέων και την In a sense, theof phenomenon isικανότητας dueof togentrification, a trend of aτοπικών new of social groups to “return” to the city, τους leaving the purlieus for several reasons: προγραμματισμό high costs in money αδυναμία ένταξης στον ευρύτερο αναπτυξιακό and to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the 1. της time τοπικής αυτοδιοίκησης termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc. studies 1 and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back to London, where (2000), μεταξύ κράτους και αγοράς, Αθήνα: Εκδόσεις Παπαζήση in According 1943Καζάκος she published studies regarding city planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the toΠ.another approach, the phenomenon is due a systematic and University CollegeΠ,of(2009), London, continued her social research. Her public action and Μαίστρος ταwhere τρίαshe κύματα τμεταρρυθμίσεων της δημόσιας διοίκησης long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by aΠαπαζήση passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. στην Ελλάδα, Αθήνα: Εκδόσεις and selling real estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. COLLINS SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: Kalyvas S – Pagoulatos G – Tsoukas H ed, (2011), From stagnation to forced G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually
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