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Professor at Panteion University of Social and Political Sciences, Univ. of Athens, (Vis. Prof.), Lawyer, Ex Ch.L.U.L. Bruxelles, Ex Int. I.I.A.P. Paris

EUROPEAN UNION LAW Basic terms and delimitations Union’s Philosophy Arrangements regarding European Union Enlargement and Integration Relations between European Union Law and National Law European Union’s policies Vol. A' New edition Contribution: Dr Vas. DELITHEOU Dr Helen KAVVADIA

2008, Athens

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Κείμενα / Articles ΕΠΙΘ. ΑΠΟΚ. ΤΟΠΙΚ. ΑΥΤΟΔ. ΚΑΙ ΠΕΡΙΦ. ΑΝ. R.D.L.G.R.D., R.D.A.L.D.R., Αθήναι ΤΕΥΧΟΣ Ν. 87 . 2017

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Τεύχος / Ν. 87 ΑΘΗΝΑΙ / ATHENES / ATHENS 2017

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Τοις Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Τοις Εντευξομένοις Εντευξομένοις ήή Concerns Μεταναστευτικές ροές και Σχέσεις των Οργάνων Περί υποχρεώσεων της Ελληνικής Δημόσιας Ανθρώπινα Δικαιώματα: της Ευρωπαϊκής Διοίκησης έναντι του Ένωσης Δικαίου George-Sp. C. C. ATHANASOPOULOS ATHANASOPOULOS

By Mr. George-Sp. Ετερόκλητες προσεγγίσεις και των Διοικήσεων των Κρατών Μελών και των Οργάνων Ε.Ε.

School of Design, Design,της Student, Harvard University, Graduate School of Student,

George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS ATHANASSOPOULOS

By Mr. George-Sp. C. Architect Kε�άλαι� ΙΗ΄ Architect κ. Κωνστ. ΓΕ. ΑΘΑΝΑΣΟΠΟΥΛΟΥ of the School of of Architecture Architecture ΤουΤου κ. Κωνστ. ΑΘΑΝΑΣΟΠΟΥΛΟΥ StudentΓΕ. of the School Technical University of Crete �ι υπ��ρεώσεις της Ελληνικής ∆ηµ�σιας Technical University of Crete Καθηγητού και Κοινωνικών Επιστ. Καθηγητού Μετ.Σχολ. Πρ. Σπ.Νομικών Παντείου Πανεπιστ. Κοιν. Πολιτ. Επιστ., Μετ. Πρ. Σπ. Πανεπ. Αθηνών Πανεπιστημίου ΝΕΑΠΟΛΙΣ, Πάφος, έναντι τ�υ δικαί�υ 1. Introductory∆ι�ίκησης approach: Defining the concept και Μετ.Προγρ. Πρ. Σπ. Πανεπ. ΝΕΑΠΟΛΙΣ, Πάφος, Καθηγητού Επισκ. Μετ. Σπ. Πανεπ. Αθηνών, 1. Introductory approach: the και τωνDefining �ργάνων Ε.Ε.

BC -- 370 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC BC, Athens), Exconcept Ch.της L., U.L. Bruxelles, Ex Int. I.I.A.P., Paris

Ομοτ. Καθηγητού Π.Κ.Π.Ε., ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC --“principle”: 370 BC, BC, Athens), BC 370 Athens), great “principle”: the among other wise heritage he left us, he established a ΠΑΝΤΕΙΟΥ great the Ex Ch. L. U. L. Bruxelles, Ex. Int. I.I.A.P., Paris greatof “principle”: the among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a great “principle”: the content of concepts. acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. Γενική content of concepts. concepts. acquisition of πρ�σέγγιση knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of approach, the term term Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the 1 (and urban final, approach, the term term Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if not final, approach, the gentrification) (in the area of Planning) Planning) (or gentrification area of (or 1 (and urban area of Planning) (or gentrification gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or Η Ευρωπαϊκή Ένωση έ�ει ασ��ληθεί κατ’επανάληψη και µε from this, (in various various Sociology as well), Έλλην as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from (in Ο αρχαίος κυνικός Φιλόσοφος ΑΝΤΙΣΘΕΝΗΣ, μαςthis, κληροδότησε removal from this, (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various τ� of θέµα των Εθνικών ∆ηµ�σίων ∆ι�ικήσεων, επί σκ�πώ, placement thereµέσω of artists, artists, ways), social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of μία σπουδαία επιστημονική «αρχή»: «Αρχή σοφίας ονομάτων επίσκεψις», ενώ placement there ofτινός artists, ways), social groups, usually of low-income and placement there of artists, “change”, regardless of operation ofτ� art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of οthe ΑΡΙΣΤΟΤΕΛΗΣ διετύπωσε την άποψη, ότι the «Ορισμός ουσίας τ�υof κατά δυνατ�ν εκσυγ�ρ�νισµ�ύ τ�υς, αυτές να �δηγηθ�ύν “change”, regardless of theσε operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless land prices (and the whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the γνωρισμός». συγκλίν�υσες δι�ικητικές ρυθµίσεις, τείν�υσες σε «�µ�γεν�- of whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the land prices (andεν the potential speculation). Μεrelative βάση, αυτές τις επιστημονικές παρατίθενται π�ίηση» τωνλοιπόν, δι�ικητικών συστηµάτων τωνπροτροπές, Κρατών Μελών. potential relative speculation).

1960s and it refers to The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to συνεχεία Είναι οριοθετήσεις μερικών εννοιών, υπεισερχομένων στο υπό αυτ�ν�ητ�, �τι ηβασικών «�µ�γεν�π�ίηση», πέραν τωνand άλλων early 1960s and it refers to The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s it refers property in poor areas of the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas of διαπραγμάτευση θέμα: Πρόσφυγες τα στην Κύπρο και ανά τον Κόσμο.to συνεπειών της, θα διευκ�λύνει µέγιστα την ε�αρµ�γή κ�ινών property in poor areas of the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas of thus old old residents residentsare are London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus Ανθρώπινα δικαιώματα. πρακτικών και δράσεων, επ’ω�ελεία των δι�ικ�υµένων διακι- are thusκαι old residents residents are London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old being indirectly “squeezed”. Ελλείψει χρόνου ο λόγος θα είναι αποσπασματικός. being indirectly “squeezed”. ν�υµένων ε� �ίας δήπ�τε αιτίας εντ�ς τη επικράτειας της Ένωσης. ofφαινόμενα Sociologist Ruth Ruth A description phenomenon is included in theότι work Sociologist Σπεύδω of να this σημειώσω, ευθύς εξ αρχής, ταof της work of of Sociologist Sociologist Ruth A description ofperiod, thisπρ�σ�ατων phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work Ruth Εκ των πλέ�ν ρυθµίσεων ανα�έρ�νται εδώ �ι recorded in other major GLASS at the same while similar in other major προσφυγιάς και της μετανάστευσης εμφανίζονται ακόμη και σε πρώϊμες recorded in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major citiesρυθµίσεις inτης Western countries, by other Researchers. των Συν�δων Κ�ρυ�ής της Ε.Ε. της Λισσα�ώνας εποχές ανθρώπινης ιστορίας, ενώ π.χ. κατά τον προηγούμενο αιώνα, οι cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. scholars andτων for its its more Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for more (Μάρτι�ς 2000),η ηΜεγάλη �π�ία Βρετανία �δήγησε και και ηστην διαµ�ρ�ωση κειΗνωμένες Πολιτείες, Γερμανία υπεδέχθησαν scholars andthe forπλήθος its more more Since then, the issue has preoccupied several below, scholars and for its below, from the various comprehensive approach are being summarized from various µένων της �µώνυµης και της Φέϊρα (Ι�ύνι�ς 2010). ατόμων, (40.000.000 ψυχές,Συνθήκης, οιare πρώτες, οιsummarized Η.Π.Α.). comprehensive approach being below, from the various below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: following: Κατάτην την Σύν�δ� της Λισσα�ώνας απε�ασίσθη, (ωςεπιθυμητός απ�ρΚατά σύγχρονη περίοδο, η Ευρώπη είναι ο πλέον interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of category of social social groups groups προορισμός προσφύγων της Ασίας, της Αφρικής, κ.ά. περιοχών. ρ�ια µακράς σειράς πρ�ηγηθεισών δια��υλεύσεων µετα�ύ των to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: reasons: high high costs costs in in money money Κατά τους συγχρόνους καιρούς, όπως γνωρίζετε,ανάπτυ�η οι πληθυσμιακές �τιpurlieus η �ικ�ν�µική και κ�ινωνική της and Κρατών-Μελών), time to travel from the to downtown, where work of work place place is, is, lack lack of the the μετακινήσεις οφείλονται ή συνδέονται, με την οικονομική κατάσταση της in Ένωσης και τ�ν εκσυγ�ρ�νισµ� των παρε1.of The termσυνδέεται from στερρώς Sociologist Ruthµε GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth GLASS was born GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS wasbetter born in sense safety atcomes the distributed residencies outside town centres, for centres, search for better χώρας προέλευσης, (υπανάπτυξη, ποσοστά κ.ά.),entitled: με Berlin, where she made her first studies.

Inμεγάλα 1932 an important study 1932 she she published published anανεργίας important study entitled: ��µενων υπηρεσιών υπ� των ∆ηµ�σίων ∆ι�ικήσεων των Κρατών services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment.

The same year she left Germany and movements for Germany and after after continuous continuous movements for εμφύλιες ή διακρατικές περιφερειακές συγκρούσεις, ή με την επιθυμία Μελών. lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc. access to markets, etc. studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and New York came back to where London andcar Neweasier York she she cameto back to London, London, where αναζήτησης καλλίτερης τύχης σε άλλους τόπους. in According 1943Υπ’αυτή she published regarding city planning.

In she became the city planning.

In 1950 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the phenomenon is due aa systematic and to systematic and τηνstudies ένν�ια � δι�ικητικ�ς εκσυγ�ρ�νισµ�ς, ωςteacher συνι- in Ενδεικτικώς σημειώνεται, ότι ο πληθυσμός του πλανήτη αυξάνεται University College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public action and continued her social research.

Her public action and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of manufacturers, brokers of buying buying condicio sineby qua non για την ε�υπηρέτηση �λων των καταherστών work are characterized a passion for justice.

See ENGLISH DICTIONARY. justice.

See also: also: COLLINS COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. κατά 250.000 ψυχές την ημέρα. and selling real estate, etc., for the depreciation initially of part of the urban web, in part of the urban web, in 10th edit.

Wil. COLLINS SONS AND Co Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: στατικών στ��ων τηςδηλαδή Ένωσης, είναι αναγκαί� να απ�τελέσει Στην περιοχή μας, στην λεκάνη της Μεσογείου, μέχρι(actually τοα-έτος G. ALEXANDRI: Abstract. http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm “voluntary”, (actually 2025 η αύξηση του πληθυσμού, των έξι μεσογειακών Κρατών Μελών της 21 21311 25 25 11 Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης, θα ανέλθει σε 5.500.000 ψυχές, ενώ η αύξηση του 254 πληθυσμού στις χώρες του Μεσογειακού Νότου θα προσεγγίσει τα 107.000.000! Ακολουθών, λοιπόν, τώρα τον Κυνικό Φιλόσοφο ΑΝΤΙΣΘΕΝΗ, θα

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Definition, Types ofIntervention, intervention, Concerns of Gentrification Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns Concerns

competence ofπρώτης state affairs in their Region, based on Article 101�π�ία of current ντικείµεν� πρ�τεραι�τητας για τα Κράτη Μέλη, τα 3 Constitution. υπ��ρε�ύνται σε σειρά ενεργειών, µερικές των �π�ίων ανα�έρ�Abolition νται εδώ: of the 13 Regions of the Government Decree of 6/3/1987. 13 new Regions come inδυνατ�τητας their place (Organizations ofνα second local government) Παρ��ή στ�υς Π�λίτες έ��υνgrade γενική ηλεκτρ�along with the municipalities (Organizations of first grade) as an expression of νική πρ�σ�αση στις παρε��µενες υπ� των Κρατών υπηρεσίες. popular sovereignty, they consistα�ι�λ�γησης a fundamental institution the Greek public life,

By Mr. George-Sp. C. of ATHANASOPOULOS Θέσπιση διαδικασιών της απ�δ�τικ�τητας των 4 and the HarvardofUniversity, Graduate SchoolConstitution of Design, Student, as guaranteed by the provisions Article 102 of the current ∆ηµ�σίων Υπηρεσιών.

By Mr. Mr. George-Sp. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS ATHANASOPOULOS 5 By C. Architect European Charter of Local Self-Government.

Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, Άρση των γρα�ει�κρατικών εµπ�δίων �π�υ δήπ�τε και Student of the School of �π�τε Architecture Abolition from 1/1/2011 of the Prefecture, Local Government of second grade, By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect δήπ�τε αυτά εντ�πί��νται στα δι�ικητικά συστήµατα των ΚραTechnical University of Crete Student of the School of Architecture as it wasΜελών. provided by Law 1622/1986 (which ultimately was not implemented τών University of Crete 1. Introductory approach: Defining theπρ�σ�ασης concept Technical ∆ιασ�άλιση της δυνατ�τητας στ� ∆ιαδίκτυ� και 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, theΠ�λυµέσων ancient Greek philosopher, 1.στις Introductory approach: Defining the concept άλλες πηγές �λων των Σ��λείων εκάστ�υ ΚράANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage heDefining left us, he established a great the 1. Article Introductory approach: the concept (444 3.

101 of current 1975/1986/2001/2008: τ�υς.

ANTISTHENIS, the Constitution ancient Greek philosopher, - 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us,definition he to established aBC great “principle”: the ñ State’s administration is organized according the decentralized system. acquisition of knowledge starts with the of the content of concepts. the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other heritage hecountry left he established a content great the Ε� άλλ�υ, �ι συµµετέ��ντες στην Σύν�δ� της Φέϊρα, επανα�εñANTISTHENIS, Administrative division of the is formed on the basis ofBC geo-economic, social and acquisition ofwise knowledge starts withus, the definition of the of concepts.

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Central Government, apart from special the general direction, coordination Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various 1 Based, therefore, onthe this “principle” inindicated a as first, if (in notby final, approach, the term (and urban gentrification) is the area of Planning) (or gentrification and control of legitimacy of Regional institutions provided law.

Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various γράµµισαν τ�νurban σηµαντικ� ρ�λ� των ∆ηµ�σίων ∆ι�ικήσεων των ways), of social1groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, gentrification (and gentrification) isarea, indicated (in the area of (or ñ Common legislator and Administration, when theythe act removal normative, they this, arePlanning) obliged to take Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city from (inofvarious ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless of Κρατών Μελών (και) στην ενίσ�υση της ανταγωνιστικ�τητας εinto account the special of island mountainous areas, ensuring theirof growth.

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However this “change”, regardless of whatever other has, results also rising of land prices (and the Authority, its Members are appointed for a fixed tenure and they are governed by personal and potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to functional independence, as specified by law. whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the σε την υπ��ρέωση των Κρατών Μελών για άνευ1960s άλλ�υ potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UKτην in early andτιν�ς itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor 4. Article 102 of the Constitution 1975/1986/2001/2008: potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and itυπ� refers to ε�αρµ�γή των ν�µικώς δεσµευτικών Πρά�εων της Ένωσης the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas ñ Administration of local affairs belongs to Local Government Organizations of first and second London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old and residents areof The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s it refers to the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas of grade. των ∆ηµ�σίων ∆ι�ικήσεων των Κρατών Μελών.

London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. theTothen observed trend of wealthy sometimes people buy property in poor areas of Local Government Organizations there is to presumption of competence forare the London, upgrade them, stay themselves there and thus old residents being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description thisaffaires. phenomenon is included in there the Sociologist Ruth administration of of local Law defines the extend and work types of local and the London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes and of thus oldaffairs residents are being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description ofperiod, this grade. phenomenon included inwere theGovernment work of Sociologist Ruth �ι σ�ετικές ρυθµίσεις έ��υν ως ε�ής: distribution between each Law may is delegate to Local organizations the GLASS at the same while similar situations recorded in other major being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist exercise ofat powers that consist state’s mission.

GLASS the same period, while similar situations were recorded in δικαίother Ruth major 1.Τα Κράτη Μέλη θεσπί��υν �λα τα µέτρα εσωτερικ�ύ cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. description ofperiod, this phenomenon included inwere the work of Sociologist Ruth ñALocal Government Organizations haveisadministrative and financial autonomy.

Their GLASS at the same while similar situations recorded in other major cities inτα Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more �υ, �π�ία είναι αναγκαία για την ε�αρµ�γή των δεauthorities are elected byperiod, universal and secret voting, as provided by law. ν�µικώς GLASS at the same while similar situations were recorded in other major citiesSince in Western countries, by other Researchers. then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars andthe for various itsofmore ñ Law may provide the establishment ofsummarized compulsory or voluntary associations Local comprehensive approach are being below, from σµευτικών πρά�εων της Ένωσης. cities in Western countries, by other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars for itsvarious more Government Organizations for works or provision of services.

Theseand associations may be comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the interpretations ofthe the issue phenomenon of gentrification, thescholars following: Since then, has several and for various its more 2. �ταν απαιτ�ύνται ενιαίες πρ�ϋπ�θέσεις για την εκτέλεση administrated by elected comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized below, from the interpretations of thebodies phenomenon of gentrification, the following: In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new category of social groups ñ State exercises supervision over Local Government Organizations, which concerns solely to comprehensive approach are πρά�εων being summarized below, from theαυvarious των ν�µικώς δεσµευτικών της Ένωσης, �ι πρά�εις interpretations ofand the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: control it leaving is not allowed to block their initiativereasons: and freedom ofcosts action.

Legitimacy tolegitimacy “return” to the city, the purlieus for several high in money interpretations the phenomenon of thecategory following: Inτές a sense, theof phenomenon is due togentrification, a trend of sanctions a στην new of social groups αναθέτ�υν εκτελεστικές αρµ�δι�τητες Επιτρ�πή ή lack σε ειcontrol as provided by law. to elected of local and timeistoexercised travel from the purlieus to Disciplinary downtown, where work place are is,bodies of the administration, apart from cases involving automatic deduction or idleness, being applied to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money δικές περιπτώσεις δε�ντως αιτι�λ�γηµένες και σε περιπτώσεις 1.

The term comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth GLASS was born sense of safety at the distributed residencies outside town centres, search for better only with the consent of a Council, consisted at majority of regular judges, as provided by law. in and time to travel from the purlieus toIn downtown, where work place is,άρθρα lackeconomic of the Berlin, where she made her first studies.

1932 she published an needed important study entitled: π�υ πρ��λέπ�υν άλλα άρθρα της Συνθήκης, (�πως π.�. τα ñ The State takes all the legislative, regulatory and fiscal measures to ensure services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment.

The same year she left GLASS, Germany and after continuous movements for 1.of The term comes from Sociologist Ruth 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS wasbetter bornthe in sense safety at the distributed residencies outside town centres, for independence and provides the necessary resources for the accomplishment of the tasks and 24living (Π�λιτική ασ�αλείας), 26London (Πρ�σδι�ρισµ�ς των στρατηγικών lower cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc. studies and research in Geneva, Prague, and New York she came back to London, where Berlin, where she made her first studies.

In 1932 she published an important study entitled: exercise of of competences of Localentertainment Government Organizations withof simultaneous ensuring of services health, education, “at the heart the city”, (possibly) in 1943 she published studies regarding city planning.

In defines 1950 she became teacher in the Youth Unemployment.

The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for According tothe another approach, the phenomenon is due to a systematic and συµ�ερ�ντων της Ένωσης, κ.ά. για την Ευρωπαϊκή Ένωση), στ�the transparency in management of these resources.

Law the relative with and lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc.where University College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public action and studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back to London, distribution, among Local Government Organizations of taxes or fees, determined in their favour, and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying Συµ��ύλι�. her workshe areState. characterized byapproach, a passion for justice.

See state’s also: DICTIONARY. in According 1943 published studies regarding city planning.

InCOLLINS 1950 sheENGLISH teacher the to Each another the phenomenon is due tobecame a systematic and collected by transferral of competences from central regional bodies toin Local and selling real estate, etc., for the depreciation initially ofprovides partorof therelative urban web, in 10th edit.

Wil. COLLINS SONS AND Co Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Encyclopedia: University informal College of transfer London, where she continued her social Her public action and Government implies of corresponding resources.

Lawresearch. theFree regarding long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: Abstract. http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a definition variety of characterized ways, inoforder to achieve the “voluntary”, (actually her work are by a passion for justice.

See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and collecting local revenues directly from“assisted”, Local Government organizations. and selling real estate, etc., for theCo depreciation initially of part of the urban in 5.edit.

Because of their importance, issues Local 2009.

Government Organizations haveweb, 10th Wil. COLLINS SONS AND Ltd. of London WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: 255become 4 asubject a series of International Conferences as well as regulations at 11 Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm varietyofof ways, inConferences, order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually 2521

414 24

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, 3. Για τ�υς ωςGENTRIFICATION άνω σκ�π�ύς τ� Ευρωπαϊκ� Κ�ιν���ύλι� και τ� Definition, Types of Definition, Types ofIntervention, intervention, Concerns ofµέσω Gentrification Συµ��ύλι�, απ��ασί��ντας, Καν�νισµών, σύµ�ωνα µε την Definition, Types of intervention, συνήθη ν�µ�θετική διαδικασία, θεσπί��υν εκ των πρ�τέρων γενιConcerns of Gentrification Concerns κ�ύς καν�νες και αρ�ές σ�ετικώς µε τ�υς τρ�π�υς ελέγ��υ απ� Concerns τα Κράτη Μέλη της άσκησης των εκτελεστικών αρµ�δι�τήτων α-

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS π� την Επιτρ�πή.

Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, 4. Τ� επίθετ� «εκτελεστικ�ς» ή «εκτελεστική» παρεµ�άλλεται

By Mr. Mr. George-Sp. C. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS ATHANASOPOULOS By George-Sp. Architect Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, στ�ν τίτλ� των εκτελεστικών πρά�εων.

Student of the School of Architecture By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Ε� άλλης πλευράς, η Επιτρ�πή ανεκ�ίνωσε στις Βρυ�έλλες Technical University of Crete Student of the School of Architecture τ�ν Ιαν�υάρι� 2007 ειδικ� Πρ�γραµµα ∆ράσης Μείωσης των ∆ιTechnical University of Crete 1.�ικητικών Introductory approach: Defining the concept Βαρών µε τ� π�σ�στ� κλιµακ�ύµεν�, �π�ί� στις αρ1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 τ� ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, - 370 BC, Athens), 1.�ές Introductory Defining the conceptτ� 25%BC τ�υ έτ�υς approach: 2013 πρέπει να πρ�σεγγίσει εκτιµώντας, �τι ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage heDefining left us, he established a great the 1.

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ANTISTHENIS, theΕγ�ώρι�υ ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other heritage he left us, he established a content great the τ�υ Ακαθάριστ�υ της Ε.Ε. κατά 1,4% (πεacquisition ofwise knowledge starts withΠρ�ϊ�ντ�ς thein definition of the of concepts.

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2 A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth Υπηρεσίες της ‘Ενωσης.

GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist GLASS at the same period, situations were recorded in other Ruth major cities Western countries, bywhile othersimilar Researchers.

Aindescription ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

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Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for itsvarious more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the interpretations ofthe the issue phenomenon of gentrification, thescholars following: Since then, has preoccupied several andthe for various its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from interpretations the phenomenon of thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is due togentrification, a summarized trend of a new of social comprehensive approach are being from the groups various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thebelow, following: tointerpretations “return” to theof city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, the phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where place is, lack of the Β. ∆ΕΛΗ∆Σ�Υ, ΔΕΛΗΘΕΟΥ, 1.Βλ. Κων.ΓΕ.ΑΘΑΝΑΣ�Π�ΥΛ�Υ καιwork to “return” toγενικώς: the city,from leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs was inΕλ. money 1.of The termat comes Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

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The year she left GLASS, Germany and after continuous movements έκδ. Αθήναι 2008.

1.of The termat comes fromsame Sociologist Ruth 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS wasbetter bornfor in sense safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, for lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc. studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back to London, where Berlin, where she made her first studies.

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University College of London, where she continued her social research.

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InCOLLINS 1950 sheENGLISH teacher in the Αθήνα, σ.635. to τ.2-3, another the phenomenon is due tobecame a systematic and and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCo depreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: University College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public action and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of characterized ways, in order to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually her work are by a Abstract. passion for justice.

See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: 256 G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually 2521 511 2521511

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Με �άση τηςGENTRIFICATION ισ�ύ�υσες ρυθµίσεις: Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, Types ofτης intervention, Concerns of Gentrification Η �ρι�θέτηση των αρµ�δι�τήτων Ένωσης διέπεται απ� Types of intervention, την Definition, αρ�ήConcerns της δ�τής αρµ�δι�τητας. Η άσκηση of Gentrification Concerns των αρµ�δι�τήτων της Ένωσης διέπεται απ� τις αρ�ές της επικ�υρικ�τητας και της Concerns αναλ�γικ�τητας.

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Σύµ�ωνα µε την αρ�ή της δ�τής αρµ�δι�τητας, η Ένωση εHarvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, νεργεί µ�ν�ν εντ�ς των �ρίωνBy των αρµ�δι�τήτων, π�υ της απ�νέBy Mr. George-Sp. C. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS ATHANASOPOULOS Mr. George-Sp. Architect Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, µ�υν τα Κράτη Μέλη µε τις ΣυνθήκεςStudent για τηνofεπίτευ�η των στ�the School of Architecture By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Technical University of Crete �ων, π�υ �ι Συνθήκες αυτές �ρί��υν. Κάθε αρµ�δι�τητα, η �π�ία Student of the School of Architecture δεν απ�νέµεται στην Ένωση µε τις Συνθήκες ανήκει στα Κράτη 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept Technical University of Crete Μέλη.

1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek the philosopher, 1.ANTISTHENIS, Introductory Defining concept (444 στ�υς Σύµ�ωναapproach: µε την αρ�ή της επικ�υρικ�τητας τ�µείς, �ι the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage heDefining left us, he established a great the 1.

Introductory approach: the concept (444 �π�ί�ι δεν υπάγ�νται στην απ�κλειστική της αρµ�δι�τητα, ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts.η the ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he a content great the Ένωση παρεµ�αίνει µ�ν� ε�’�σ�ν και κατά τ�ν �αθµ�, π�υ acquisition of knowledge starts with thein definition the of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” aestablished first, if of not final, approach, the�ιterm among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great “principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with the definition of the content of concepts.

1 (and Based, therefore, on this “principle” inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term στ���ι της πρ��λεπ�µενης δράσης δεν µπ�ρ�ύν να επιτευ�θ�ύν urban gentrification) is area of Planning) (or gentrification acquisition of knowledge starts with the definition of the content of concepts.

1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” in isaarea, first, if removal not(infinal, approach, the term gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated the area ofσε Planning) (or επαρκώς απ� Κράτη Μέλη, σε κεντρικ�, �σ� και περιSociology as well), asτα the “refining” of aτ�σ� city the from this, (in various 1 (and urban Based, as therefore, on this “principle” inindicated aarea, first,the if removal notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) is (in area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology well), as the “refining” of a city from this, (in various ways), of social1και groups, usually of low-income and the placement of artists, �ερειακ� τ�πικ� επίπεδ�, µπ�ρ�ύν �µως, λ�γω της there κλίµακας gentrification (and urban gentrification) isarea, indicated (in thefrom area of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city the the removal this, (inofvarious ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and placement there artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless of ή των απ�τελεσµάτων της πρ��λεπ�µενης δράσης, να επιτευSociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usuallyrestaurants, ofhas, low-income andrising the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, etc.also However this regardless whatever other consequences results of “change”, land prices (and theof �θ�ύν καλύτερα στ� επίπεδ� της Ένωσης. ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless of whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative Τα θεσµικά �ργανα της Ένωσης ε�αρµ���υν την αρ�ή της the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless of whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the επικ�υρικ�τητας σύµ�ωνα µε τ� Πρωτ�κ�λλ� σ�ετικά µε την εpotential relative speculation).

The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to �αρµ�γή των αρ�ών της επικ�υρικ�τητας και της αναλ�γικ�τηthe then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas of London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are The term gentrification isthemselves found 3atµεριµν�ύν first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersare to the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor of London, upgrade them, stay sometimes there and thus old residents για την τήρηση της αρτας. Τα Εθνικά Κ�ιν���ύλια being indirectly “squeezed”. the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas of London, upgrade them, themselves and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. της επικ�υρικ�τητας σύµ�ωνα µε την διαδικασία, π�υ πρ�-Ruth A�ής description of thisstay phenomenon issometimes included inthere the work of Sociologist London, upgrade them, stay themselvesissometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon included in the work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the στ� sameεν period, similar situations were recorded in other major �λέπεται λ�γωwhile Πρωτ�κ�λλ�. being indirectly “squeezed”.

A in description of this phenomenon is included in the work Sociologist GLASS at the same period, while situations were recorded in other Ruth major cities Western countries, byαρ�ή othersimilar Researchers. Σύµ�ωνα µε την της αναλ�γικ�τητας, τ�of περιε��µεν� A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since the issue has several scholars andτα forαπαιits more και ηthen, µ�ρ�ή της δράσης τηςsimilar Ένωσης δεν υπερ�αίν�υν GLASS at the same period, while situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized from τ�ύµενα για την επίτευ�η των στ��ων των Συνθηκών. cities in Western countries, byare other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars more comprehensive approach being summarized below, and fromfor theitsvarious

interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: Since then, the has preoccupied severalthe scholars andthe for its more comprehensive approach are being below, from interpretations theissue phenomenon of following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is due togentrification, asummarized trend of a new category of socialvarious groups comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations ofcity, the phenomenon of gentrification, following: to “return” to the leaving the purlieus for several the reasons: high costs in money interpretations the phenomenon of gentrification, thecategory following: a sense, theof phenomenon is due a trend ofwhere a new of is, social andIntime to travel from the purlieus toto downtown, work place lackgroups of the 3 Βλ. Θ. ΚΑΛΛΙΑΝ�Σ : Η αρ�ή της επικ�υρικ�τητας, τα Εθνικά Κ�ιto “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for was born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, better ν���ύλια καιmade ηfrom Συνθήκη της Λισσα�ώνας: µίαpublished νέα διάσταση Ευρωπαϊκής Berlin, she her studies.

1932 she an important entitled: and timewhere tohealth, travel thefirst purlieus toIndowntown, where work place is,study lack of the services of education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment.

The year she left Germany and after continuous movements Συνεργασίας. ΕΠΙΘΕΩΡΗΣΗ ΑΠ�ΚΕΝΤΡΩΣΗΣ, 1.of The termat comes fromsame Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

RuthΤ�ΠΙΚΗΣ GLASS wasbetter bornfor in sense safety the“withdrawal” distributed residencies outside town centres, search for lower living cost of, from private car easier access to markets, etc. studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back to London, where Berlin, where she made her first studies.

In 1932 she published an important study entitled: ΑΥΤ�∆Ι�ΙΚΗΣΗΣ ΚΑΙ ΠΕΡΙΦΕΡΕΙΑΚΗΣ ΑΝΑΠΤΥ�ΗΣ. (Επιστ. services of education, entertainment “at the of the (possibly) in 1943 shehealth, published studies regarding city planning.

Inheart 1950 she became teacher in the According to another approach, the is due to acity”, systematic and Youth Unemployment.

The same year she leftphenomenon Germany and after continuous movements for Υπευθ. Καθηγητήσς Κωνστ. ΓΕ.ΑΘΑΝΑΣ�Π�ΥΛ�Σ). Αθήναι, 2011 University College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public action and lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc. studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back to London, where long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her workσ. are characterized byapproach, a passion for justice.

See also: DICTIONARY. in According 1943 she published studies regarding city planning.

InCOLLINS 1950 sheENGLISH became teacher in the τ.64, 19. to another the phenomenon is part due to a systematic and and selling real estate, etc., for theCo depreciation initially of of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. COLLINS SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: University College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public action and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of characterized ways, in order to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually her work are by a Abstract. passion for justice.

See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: 257 6 a Gentrification: 2521 11 G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

6

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Pierre MOSCOVICI Definition, Types of intervention, Concerns of Gentrification European Commissioner for Economic and Concerns Financial Affairs, Taxation and Customs Speech at the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15 February 2017

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student,

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Ladies and Gentlemen, good afternoon.

Student of the School of Architecture Technical University of and Crete It is a pleasure and a great honour to stand before you here today

accept your Doctor Honoris Causa. I have long had a deep affection for 1. Introductory approach: the concept Greece and its people, with Defining their unparalleled history. More recently, I have 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept ANTISTHENIS, ancient philosopher, (444 BC - 370effort BC, Athens), been personally, andthe still am, atGreek the forefront of the collective to help ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great “principle”: this proud nation emerge from a crisis that has lasted far too long.

And I the am among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. confident that Greece is closer than ever to turning the page on this difficult acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition of the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if not final, approach, the term chapter, to emerging with a stronger and more stable economy, and with its 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification place confirmed in the eurozone and the European Union.

1 (and gentrification urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various But today, here at the oldest university of the modern Greek state, I want ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, of to social groups, usually of low-income and placement there of artists, toways), speak you much more broadly about ourthe shared European future. the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless Because, as we consequences prepare to mark sixtieth the Treaty ofof whatever other has,the results also anniversary rising of landofprices (and the whatever otherspeculation). consequences results alsochallenges. rising of land prices (and the Rome, therelative European Union faces has, unprecedented potential potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to I was born the same year isasfound that Treaty signed - I will notand ask you The term gentrification first inwas the UK in early 1960s itareas refersto the then observed trend of wealthyatpeople to buy property in poor ofto comment on which of us has aged better!

My generation is the first in the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof Western Europe not to have lived through the devastation of war, or the London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. cruelty of undemocratic regimes. My mother and father - both Jewish, one being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth bornAindescription France ofofPolish parents, oneisborn in Romania - knew this phenomenon included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same period, while similar situations inthose otherthings major first hand.

For me, those times are memories conveyed to me by my parents.

GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, issue has more Of course, forthe Greeks, and even moreseveral so forscholars citizensand of for ouritsnewer Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various Member States, the transition or return to democracy after yearsmore of comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon ofisgentrification, following: dictatorship and totalitarianism more recent.the But for anyone turning 18 interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: In ain sense, is due a trend of a new of social groups today anythe of phenomenon our countries, the to only Europe theycategory have known is one of to “return”democracy to the city, and leaving theborders. purlieusThat for several reasons: high costs in -money freedom, open is of course a happy thing but it and to travel purlieus to because downtown, work place of is, lack of the alsotime presents us from withthe a challenge, thewhere counterfactual a Europe 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, without the European Union is for them abstract and intangible. Many young Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) people in the south of our continent have also come to associate withfor Youth Unemployment.

The same year she left Germany and after continuousEurope movements lower living costcrisis of, in “withdrawal” from private easier access etc.where studies and research Geneva, London and New York she came to back to London, the economic and thePrague, huge levels of car unemployment wemarkets, have seen in in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and recent years.

Forofthem, thewhere European ideal has failed, and theyHer seepublic austerity as University College London, she continued her social research. action and long-term informal by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying aher very heavy price effort to pay being the euro.

And the populists that work are characterized by afor passion forin justice.

See also: COLLINS ENGLISH know DICTIONARY. and selling real estate, etc., for the depreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit.

Wil. COLLINS SONS AND Co Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: very well.

G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

8

Europe's political and economic landscape has changed immeasurably.

The UK referendum and the US election have shaken our preconceptions about politics in the Western world. Brexit and the presidency of Donald Trump are two major challenges: we need to build a strong response to those who dream of a divided or weakened Europe, and this response is our unity.

These were two major electoral upsets - and there are many more unpredictable appointments with the ballot box in the next ten months: in the

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Netherlands, France and Germany, to name but a few. And yet there may also Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, be an opportunity for voters to take a bold, positiveC.step towards aArchitect bright

By Mr. George-Sp. ATHANASSOPOULOS future of peace, if, as I hope, an agreement canStudent be reached in Cyprus and put to of the School of Architecture the people for their endorsement. Think what a Technical wonderfulUniversity and inspiring of Crete counter-example that could be, the year following the Brexit vote. Of course, Introductory approach: Defining the concept we1.are not there yet.

1.

Introductory the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS,approach: the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, I would like to talk to you today about how I interpret, to ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370and BC,how Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the respond, to the populist tsunami that is rumbling across the“principle”: West. among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a great acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content of concepts. the acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a wave?] first, if of not final, approach, the term [First, how do we interpret the populist 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term (or gentrification (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) The achievements of thegentrification) past half-century are (in under threat as never 1 (and urban gentrification is indicated the area of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various before.

Notasonly the achievements ofa city European integration, butthis, those of the Sociology well), as the “refining” of area, the removal from (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, international and security architecture, toplacement which we owe our ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and thethis there of artists, the operation oftrading art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”, regardless of unprecedented peace and prosperity.

But what is driving this backlash?

The the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof fact is that a growing part of has, our results populations consider themselves whatever other consequences also rising of land prices (andthe the potential relative speculation). losers of globalisation.

They feel they are at a dead-end economically, potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to socially thus politically.

They lost trust in in the existing systems, and The and term gentrification foundhave atpeople first in the UK early 1960s and itareas refers the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor ofto are seeking new ways to express their frustrations, and new leaders who they the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof hope will champion their interests.

They want radical and do not London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes therechange, and thus oldthey residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”. believe it can come from an establishment they see as detached from reality, A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth A description this phenomenon is situations included the recorded work oftoSociologist Ruth geographically andofsocially distant from them, andinwere indifferent inequality.

GLASS at the same period, while similar in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries,to bythis other Researchers.

[So how do we respond wave?] cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more Since the issue has preoccupied several below, scholars andthe fornational its more There arethen, of course many facets to this situation, many from specific comprehensive approach are being summarized various comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various or local aspects within the international trend.

There is no one-size-fits-all interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: response, and no silver bullet that can burst the populists’ bubble.

I certainly In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new category of social groups do“return” not havetoall answers, but purlieus I do have for high how costs the European to thethe city, leaving the forseveral severalideas reasons: in money Union, and eurozone particular, can respond to this challenge. and time to the travel from theinpurlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, 2016 theshe year that our certainty into question, and is likely to be Berlin,was where made her called first studies.

In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment.

The same she leftwas Germany after continuous movements remembered as the year whenyear Europe hit byand Brexit.

Some would add thatfor lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, 2016 also marked ourstudies entry regarding into a post-factual world. in According 1943 she published cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public action and long-term informal effort bycannot organized brokers of buying What I know is that 2017 be groups, the yearmanufacturers, that Europe stood still. her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit.

Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: Instead, it must be the year in which pro-European parties begin to join forces.

G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually Because we have little time to ensure that what President Juncker has called

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, My message today therefore is clear: we need to respond to Europe’s Definition, of Concerns ofcitizens.

Gentrification challenges and the demands ofTypes our We intervention, need to fight the populists and euroscepticism with vigour and with ideas. !

Concerns

the "last chance Commission" does not become simply "the last Commission". !

My vision is simple: some might regret it, those who dreamed with Victor Hugo of "United States of Europe", but Europeans are not ready for a federal George-Sp. ATHANASOPOULOS leap forward. They want nations toBy beMr. respected and C. closely involved in the Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, design of the European project. A federation of nation states, as Jacques Delors

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect said, remains the most relevant and dynamic concept to shape common Student of the Schoolour of Architecture future.

Technical University of Crete

My ambition is strong: we must build a more political Europe, with a 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept strong eurozone atapproach: its heart.

1. Introductory the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BCa -book 370 BC, Athens), Following thewise UK referendum, I spent my summer writing to develop among other heritage he left us, he established a great “principle”: the among other he leftthe us,definition he established a need greatof “principle”: this concept.

Ifwise we heritage wantstarts a more political Europe, three things: the a acquisition of knowledge with of thewe content concepts. acquisition of knowledge starts theindefinition the content of concepts.

Europe that better protects its with citizens; aa first, Europe that is both more political Based, therefore, on this “principle” if of not final, approach, the term 1 (and urban therefore, on this “principle” in a first, real if (in not final, approach, the term and Based, more democratic; and a Europe thatis delivers economic dynamism. gentrification) indicated the area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various [Our first response: Europe thatofprotects] Sociology as well), as A the “refining” a city area, fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of Europe needs to be able to prove toetc. all However parts of this its “change”, population thatartists, it is the operation of art galleries, restaurants, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results of mean land prices (and theof still able to offer them protection.

And byalso thatrising I do not a protectionist whatever otherspeculation). consequences has,not results also rising of land (and the potential Europe - relative protectionism is a danger, a solution - I believe in prices a Europe that potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to has the capacity to make globalisation work for those that currently see it as The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas of their enemy. the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas of London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are We need to ensure that competition policy is applied way that London, upgrade them, stayour themselves sometimes there and thus in oldaresidents are being indirectly “squeezed”. facilitates the creation of European "champions", able to compete and win being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth global market share.

A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western by otherour Researchers.

We also need countries, to modernise trade policy, by strengthening our cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has several scholars and forinto its more defence instruments and by integrating fiscal dumping our Since then, the issue has preoccupied several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach are being summarized from negotiations. And of course, we must be vigilant about future trade policy comprehensive approach are being summarized from the various interpretations of the of gentrification, thebelow, following: moves by the new USphenomenon administration. interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new category of social groups We also need learn to the think "European" inreasons: terms high of security, both to “return” to theto city, leaving purlieus for several costs in money internal and external.

Defence spending must be a shared burden.

Terrorists and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the threaten European values, and European cities.

This requires 1.of The termat comes from European Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS wasbetter bornain sense safety thelives, distributed residencies outside town centres, for Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: collective response. services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private easier access to markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and car New York show she came back And as Greece knows very well, Europe must that itto London, is able to in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and protect not only its own people, but also those fleeingHer from war and University College of London, where she continued her social research. public action and long-term informal by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying persecution.

Thereeffort is no between open DICTIONARY. mind and her work are characterized by acontradiction passion for justice.

See also:keeping COLLINS an ENGLISH and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit.

Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: heart for those fleeing persecution elsewhere, and the need to secure our G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually external borders, which is a key condition for Europeans to accept the absence

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification [Our second response: A more political and more democratic Europe] Concerns

of internal borders. We must always remember that European values are those of open societies and open economies: while some want to build walls, we must build bridges - human, cultural, economical bridges.

10

There is no single institutional answer to delivering a more democratically legitimate Europe. I know the European institutions better

By Mr.of George-Sp. C. of ATHANASOPOULOS than most: I have twice been a member the Council Ministers, twice a Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, member of the European Parliament, and now since 2014 a member of the

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect European Commission. I know their strengths.

But I also recognise their Student of the School of Architecture shortcomings, and I know that the inefficiencies Technical and complexities of the University of Crete current situation are a key driver of the urge to “take back control". Nation 1. Introductory approach: the concept states are portrayed as theDefining only political vehicle able to provide efficient 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept action, democratic acceptability and control of one's is a ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444own BC -destiny.

370 BC,This Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BCto-“principle”: 370 Athens), mirage: but itwise is aheritage politically bankable one.

So we(444 findBC, a way to among other he left us, he established ahave great the among other wise heritage left us,definition he established a great the strengthen the political contract - and the political contact - between Europe acquisition of knowledge startshe with the of the content of“principle”: concepts. acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term and its citizens.

1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification Above all, for1 (and voters to see the EU asislegitimate, they must see it as (or a gentrification urban gentrification) indicated (in the area of Planning) Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various problem-solver rather than a problem-maker or a problem-amplifier.

Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of the of art restaurants, etc. and However this “change”, regardless of To operation bridge the gulfgalleries, between EU citizens the EU institutions, we artists, need the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other results also rising ofdecisions land prices theof governments to consequences overcome thehas, temptation to support in (and Brussels whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential only to relative attack them when they get home.

Inconsistency of this sort potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to undermines trust, not only in the EU institutions, but also in the politicians The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas of who pass such messages, further fuelling popular disdain. the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas of London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are And we need to them, forgestay a stronger between voters and who London, upgrade themselveslink sometimes there and thus oldthose residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. represent them in Europe.

The European Parliament and the Commission being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth can Aboth their by inwere investing further inmajor the description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at thestrengthen same while legitimacy similar in other GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major Spitzenkandidaten idea, whereby each pan-European political party nominates cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. in Western countries, by other Researchers. acities candidate to be President ofpreoccupied the Commission.

I would also and support themore idea Since then, the issue has several scholars for its Since then, the issue has several scholars and for various its more of strengthening the European Parliament's role of supervisor andthe democratic comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized below, from comprehensive approach are being summarized the various monitor, including when it comes to economic governance of from the eurozone.

At interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thebelow, following: interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: the same time, I believe that there is more that can be done to strengthen the In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new category of social groups role of national policymaking. to “return” to theparliaments city, leavingin theEuropean purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the [Our third response: A more economically dynamic Europe] termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, she made first to studies.

1932 published an important study entitled: But wewhere will never beherable takeInon theshe populist movements in(possibly) Europe services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for until we reverse austerity trend and eurozone lower living cost of,the “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London andthe Newdivergence York she cameamong back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding city planning.

In 1950 sheWe teacher in the economies that has defined the past six or seven years. to another approach, the phenomenon is due tobecame a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public action and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by arecovery passion forwhose justice.fruits See also: DICTIONARY. need to deliver a stronger areCOLLINS sharedENGLISH more equally, not and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: only between countries butAND also within countries and societies.!

G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, Types of aintervention, Concerns of We Gentrification We need to act on several levels. need relentless focus on human capital and productivity. That means structural reforms to improve the level Concerns of education and training for all of our citizens, from early schooling to lifelong

It is my sincere hope that Greece can be the first country to implement such an economic strategy. !

learning. That is one of the most concrete ways in which we can fight inequality.

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS

Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student,

We need to do more to close the enormous investment gap that is one of

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect the lasting legacies of the crisis. We have made a start theofInvestment Student of thewith School Architecture Plan for Europe, through which financing agreements signedUniversity as of January Technical of Crete 2017 have the potential to trigger almost 170 billion in additional 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept investments.!

1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greekfor philosopher, And we need to continue fighting fair taxation. Having had to tighten ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he more left us,than he established a great their own belts and nowhere in Greece - Europeans havethe no among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition hehere established a great acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content of“principle”: concepts. the indulgence for those who starts do notwith paythe their fair share the of taxes.

Our is clear: acquisition of knowledge content ofgoal concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” indefinition a first, if of not final, approach, the term multinationals must pay their appropriate share of taxes where they create 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification profits.

We are moving in that direction.

I am proud to say this European 1 gentrification (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Commission has done more in the lastarea, twothe years to promote fairvarious and Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city removal from this, (in ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, transparent taxation than has been achieved inand thethe previous twothere decades.

But ways), of social groups, usually of low-income placement of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of we have much work still to do. the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof whatever otherthe consequences potential relative speculation).

[Strengthening eurozone] has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to Above we need press with business The all, term gentrification found aton first in the UK unfinished in early 1960s and itareas refersof the then observed trendto ofiswealthy people tothe buy property in poor ofto completing the Economic and Monetary Union. the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”.

The eurozone must become the beating heart of the and newthus Europe that will being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description this phenomenon is included in the Ruth emerge from theofupcoming separation with the UK.work And of forSociologist that to happen, A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major the eurozone needs to show that integration is not the problem, but the GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. solution.

The eurozone needs to deliver prosperity for all of its Member States, cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has several scholars andpeople. for itsI more and all sections of society. This is for Greece, and for the Greek have Since then, the issue has preoccupied several below, scholars andthe for its more comprehensive approach are being summarized from dedicated much of my efforts in recent years to avoiding Grexit: thisvarious would comprehensive approach are being summarized from the various interpretations the phenomenon of gentrification, thebelow, following: have damaged of the integrity and even the "raison d'etre" - the meaning - of the interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: In aThis sense, phenomenon is due to aintrend of a new category social groups euro. is the no longer a threat.

Now, the days to come, we of must pave the to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money way for a success story: a strong Greece, recovering growth and confidence, and time jobs, to travel from the purlieus toat downtown, work place is, lack of the creating attracting investment, the heart where of a reinforced eurozone. termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, where she made her first studies.

In 1932 she published an important studyhealth entitled: The European Union willentertainment survive Brexit - but its long-term services of health, education, “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for depends on us of, being able to strengthen the eurozone.

That’s why weetc. have lower living cost “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back to London, where 1943 she published studies regarding city planning.

In 1950 sheto became teacher in the toin According continue working onapproach, the future ofphenomenon our single currency.

European to another the is due a The systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public action and long-term informal effort organized manufacturers, Commission will set out by proposals ongroups, the future of the EU brokers at 27 inofa buying white her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, for the depreciation initially ofambitious part of the urban web, in paper which we willetc., publish next month, ideas for the 10th edit.

Wil. SONS AND Co Ltd. Londonincluding 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: Abstract. http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm adeepening variety ofofways, in orderand to achieve theunion. “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually the economic monetary

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student,

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Student of the School of Architecture Technical University of Crete My own views on what is needed are firmly held: completing the

12

institutional and political architecture of the euro area implies in particular 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept providing it with a approach: real budget and creating a eurozone minister of finance, 1. Introductory Defining the concept ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444longer-term BC - 370 BC, Athens), accountable to the European Parliament.

But those are goals.

ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the Inamong the short need to tackle the profound that exist other wise we heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of term, knowledge startshe with of the divergences content concepts. inacquisition our currency union and learn act in the common interest. of knowledge starts withtothe the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” indefinition a first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” is in a first, if (in not final, approach, the term gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification Ladies and gentlemen, the coming yearindicated will be onethe of political transition 1 (and urban gentrification gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various in Europe - but it must not be a year of paralysis!

Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, of low-income andare thethis placement there artists, The achievements of usually therestaurants, past half-century under threat asofnever the operation of art galleries, etc. However “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless before. While do not yet has, know the details of the policies the(and Trump whatever otherwe consequences results also rising of land prices theof whatever otherwill consequences has,do results rising of land priceswill (andbe the administration pursue, we knowalso that their instincts potential relative speculation). potential relative speculation). protectionist and nationalist, and at that leitmotiv will 1960s be "America First".

The term gentrification is found firsttheir in the UK in early and it refers to The term gentrification foundtrading atpeople first inand the UK in early 1960s and to itareas refers Thatthen means that thetrend international architecture, which the observed ofiswealthy to security buy property in poor ofto theowe then observed trend wealthy people to there buy property in poor we our unprecedented peace and prosperity, is threatened asareas never London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes and thus old residents areof London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. before. being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth So let us mobilise.

Let ensure thatis2017 is the year in which we standRuth up A description ofperiod, thisus phenomenon included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist GLASS at the same while similar situations in other major and fight at forthe the united Europe that we continue believe in and that more GLASS same period, situationsto were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, bywhile othersimilar Researchers. than ever, we need.

A Europe that is not only dynamic and competitive but cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more also inclusive, social, fair.

A Europe that stands tall and strong on the Since then, the issue has several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized from international stage, proud of its values of openness and tolerance.

In that comprehensive approach are being summarized from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thebelow, following: sense, we must see the Trump administration not only as a challenge, but as interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new category of social groups an opportunity. to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money and timemoment, to travel from purlieus downtown, work placeofis,those lack ofwith the In this morethe than ever, to Europe needswhere the firmness 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, vision to mobilise resources and take this project forward.

Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for I studies will living beand pushing that, and more broadly for a more positive narrative lower cost of,for “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where research in Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, on Europe, and against populist lies, not only inInmy country but also in According 1943 she published studies regarding city planning.

1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the phenomenon is home due a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public action and beyond, in the coming months.

The honour you give me today will remain an long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. invaluable encouragement tothe doCodepreciation soLtd. in London the future. and selling real estate, etc., for initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. COLLINS SONS AND 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: Abstract. http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm aThank variety of ways, in order to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually you for your time and attention. !

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WINTER 2010

V O L . 5 1 N O. 2

GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Spyros Makridakis, Robin M. Hogarth and Anil Gaba Definition, Types of intervention, Concerns of Gentrification Concerns

As Hogarth showed in 1720 after the South Sea Bubble, people have always expected forecasters to protect them. And forecasters have always been punished for it.

Why Forecasts Fail.

What to Do Instead

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student,

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect LEADING Student of the School of Architecture THE QUESTION Technical University of Crete How can Spyros Makridakis, Robin M. Hogarth and Anil Gaba managers use forecasting 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept tools to plan 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), effectively and ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 great the build better fieldwise of forecasting hasleft advanced significantlya ain recent“principle”: years. amongThe other heritage us,definition he established great acquisition of knowledge startshe with the of the content of concepts. the strategies?

Why Forecasts Fail.

What Why to Do Instead Forecasts Fail.

But managers needstarts to learn from history about what they can and acquisition of knowledge with theindefinition the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term FINDINGS cannot predict, and develop plans that are sensitive to surprises. most areas of 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or XInbusiness, gentrification accurate

BY SPYROS MAKRIDAKIS, ROBIN M. HOGARTH AND ANIL GABA 1 forecasting is not gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or possible. Future Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal (in various is Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, of (inartists, various uncertainty ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement much greater than most managers ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of acknowledge.

IT SEEMS LIKE a long time ago in a galaxy far, far away. But in reality it was 2006, on this very the operation ofconsequences art galleries, restaurants, etc.also However this “change”, regardless of XStatistical regularity whatever other has, results rising of land prices (and the planet. The entire world was booming, partly on the back of triple-A investment innovations devised not imply whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the does predictability. potential by relative a master race of financial Jedi. And then: crash, bang, global recession. Suddenly it was all over. of seeking potential relative speculation).

Triple-A turned into a euphemism for “subprime,” which began translate into “toxic.”

The term gentrification is found at first in theitself UK in to early 1960s and itThe refers to XInstead predictability, Thebanking term gentrification first UK in earlyor1960s and itareas refersofto managers should F Oout R Ewith C Sfound Tbonuses I N Gat Jedi were trend cast —people many in intothe bankruptcy, takeover nationalization. the then observed ofAisno wealthy to buy property in poor channel their Welcome to the empire of the credit crunch. the then observed trend wealthy people to there buy property in poor areas R E P R I N Tefforts N U M B Einto R 5being 1214 London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes and thus old residents areof prepared for By now, it’s a story as well known as “Star Wars.”sometimes But what fascinates us about the storyold of theresidents crisis London, upgrade them, stay themselves there and thus are different being indirectly “squeezed”. contingencies. is one single, often overlooked fact — that almost no one saw it coming: none of the experts, none of being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is the included the work of Sociologist academics,in none of the politicians and, as far as Ruth models were capable of emoti A description ofperiod, this phenomenon iswesituations included the work ofSoSociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar were recorded inthink other major WINTER 2010 SLOAN MANAGEMENT 83 know, none ofin the banking CEOs. we it’s MIT surprised by the size REVIEW of their erro GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major ■ On a more positive note, averagi time for business experts and practitioners to come cities in Western countries, by other Researchers.

ABOUT THE predictions of several individua to termsseveral with the reality, harsh as it and is, that for accurate cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has scholars its more RESEARCH or not) generally improves forec forecasts simply aren’t possible in their world.

(See Since then, the issue preoccupied several below, scholars andthe for various its more The origin ofhas the research for comprehensive approach are being summarized from Averaging forecasts based o “About the Research.”)

In addition to highlighting this article is referenced in comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon the sidebar “Why Simple of gentrification, R E Psolace R I N T N UinM B E R model 5 1 2 1 4 also improves accuracy. that alarming point,the we’dfollowing: like to offer some interpretations the phenomenon the following: Statistical Models is Aredue Bet- of In a sense, theof phenomenon togentrification, a trend a new category of social These empirical conclusions r the form ofof an analogy with natural disasters.

We’ll groups ter.” After Spyros Makridakis anyone making business decision also use our earthquake and hurricane comparisons to “return” to the city,finished leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money his first study on to examine twowhere types of work uncertainty.

Finally, we’ll ofmanagers forecasting using the 111 to downtown, and time to travel from the purlieus place is, lack the formulate a strategy, le time series, he approached context provide a framework for making decisions, plans termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth GLASS wasbetter born inof high uncertainty and sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, search for Robin M. Hogarth, a cognican’t even imagine? and strategies in the absence accurate forecasts.

Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published anofimportant study entitled: tive psychologistentertainment who was services of health, education, “at theweheart of the city”,movements (possibly) Fundamentally, believe that business needs a Youth Unemployment.atThe same year she left Germany and after continuous for the time a colleague. lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc. studies and research in“Since Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back to London, where The Sucker That Could whole new attitude toward the future. sophisticated statistiin According 1943 she published regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher Have in theGone Down to another approach, is due a systematic and calstudies forecasting methods the University informal College of London, where socialof research.

Her public andpursuing an answer, let’ don’t work so well, ” she continued A Briefher History Prediction Before long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers ofaction buying Makridakis “perhapsfor justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. her work are characterized by asaid, passion in the Social Sciences was arguably the worst day so far and selling realCOLLINS estate,oneetc., theCo depreciation initially of part of the urban web, in shouldfor advocate the use London 2009.

10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: To understand our fascination with the shortcomsis — Friday, October 10, 2008, w of intuition?”

“No way, ” reG. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

What to Do Instead

COURTESY OF WIKIPEDIA/ SCANNED FROM THE GENIUS OF WILLIAM HOGARTH OR HOGARTH’S GRAPHIC WORKS

plied Hogarth. “Research in psychology shows that simple statistical models predict more accurately than the judgments of even highly qualified professionals in difficult diagnostic tasks.” It turned out that Hogarth had also done work on prediction showing how, although far

ings of prediction, we invite you to travel back in time to an episode that occurred in our world of business school academia in the 1970s and 1980s. At that time, business professors and other social scientists hoped that post-space-age computing technology and sophisticated models would enable them to have the same success in forecasting as their colleagues in the physical sciences had. For a variety

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ings prediction, wein invitemodel you to travel back inacc done work on prediction plied Hogarth.

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Instead, how people can planhopes ac- were fromby simple models cal time forecasting methods Have Gone we know, none of the banking CEOs. So we think it’s surprised the size of their els that can —Down and th ■ On a more positive note, averaging thefit independen for business experts andperfect, practitioners toerrors, comeontoo. empirical evidence the following: tions in situations wherehas it is demonstrated canA perform surprisingly well don’t work so well,” ■ On a more ABOUT THEand practitioners Brief History of Prediction Before pursuing an an positive note, averaging the independent time for business experts to come almost perfectly.

Howev predictions of several individuals (whether expert to terms with the reality, harsh as it is, that accurate impossible to rely on accu- a bit like the past, but never compared with both more Makridakis said, “perhaps ABOUT RESEARCH F O R ETHE C A S T I N G to terms with ■ The future is often in the Social Sciences was arguably thepredict worst 1 d predictions of several individuals (whether experts the reality, harsh as it is, that accurate don’t necessarily t or not) generally improves forecasting accuracy. forecasts simply aren’t possible in their world.

(See The work RESEARCH The origin of the research for one should advocate the use complex statistical models rate predictions. exactly the That means that extrapolating 1 same.

To understand our fascination with the shortcomsis — Friday, October 10 generally improves forecasting accuracy. forecasts simply aren’t possible in in their world. (See took many years and multiConversely, simple statist and intuitive judgment. of intuition?”

“No way,”or re-not)In Averaging forecasts ■based on more than one “About the Research.”) addition to highlighting The origin of the research for this article is referenced patterns and relationships from the past to the fuings of prediction, we invite you toalso travel back inaccuracy.

Industrial Average expe ple digressions, asimproves they In the late 1970s, plied Hogarth.

“Research in based on more than one “About thethe Research.”)

InSimple addition to highlighting this article is referenced in sidebar “Why the past very well, but th model that alarming point,Averaging we’d like toforecasts offer some solace in ture can’t provide accurate predictions. pursued their individual Makridakis and Hogarth repsychology shows that simthe sidebar “Why Simple Statistical Areto Bettime to andisasters. episodeWe’ll that occurred in our worldconclusions of predicting pointraise dropthe in future history (6 model also improves accuracy. that alarming point,Models we’d like offer some in an analogy These empirical vital issuesthan fo the solace form of with natural careers on different contisolved to pursue research the academics, of Makridakis the politicians and, as far as predict modelsbusiness were capable of emotion, would be1980s. ple statistical models Statistical Models Are Bet■ they There arefor plenty of statistically sophisticated mod- i ter.” Afternone Spyros school academia the 1970s and At decisions: many companies These empirical conclusions raiseinvital issues the form of an analogy with natural disasters. terparts.(See “Why Simpl anyone making business How canwent senio also useWe’ll our than earthquake and hurricane comparisons nents. in 2006, they on how can ac-errors, more accurately the surprised ter.” After Spyros Makridakis finished histhe firstbanking study onCEOs. we know, none of So we think it’s bypeople the size ofplan their too. elsBut that can fit — and thus “explain” — past dataea that time, business professors and other social sciSome six months anyone making business decisions: How can senior also use our earthquake and hurricane comparisons ■ Empirical evidence up with Anilformulate Gaba, a a strategy, let alone a plan,has in a to examine two types oftions uncertainty.

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However, U.S. theseSecretary complex of models entists tohoped post-space-age the Tr managers formulate a strategy, let alone a plan, in ahigh to examine two typesheofapproached uncertainty.qualified Finally, we’ll decision scientist, who enimpossible rely on that accuprofessionals in forecasting using the 111 time series, judgment is even worse ABOUT THE context ofcomputing uncertainty and futures that they provide a framework for making decisions, plans predictions of several individuals (whether experts to terms withM. theHogarth, reality, aharsh as itdifficult is, thatdiagnostic accuratetasks. don’t necessarily predict the statements: future quite as well. couraged the collaboration predictions.

The work Mr. George-Sp. C.and ATHANASOPOULOS ” It rate time series, he approached cogni- decisions, and sophisticated models would enable RESEARCH oftechnology high uncertainty futures that they provide a Robin framework for making plans By than are statistical mode can’t even imagine? and strategies incontext the absence of accurate forecasts.

1 or not) generally improves forecasting accuracy. forecaststive simply aren’t who possible in their that■led toforecasting this article and astatistical models took manytoyears and multisimple don’t explain turnedworld. out that(See Hogarth had Robin Hogarth, cogni- for and TheM. origin of the aresearch them have the same success in as their I have con Harvard University, Graduate School of Conversely, Design, Student, can’t even imagine? strategiespsychologist in the absence was of accurate forecasts.

■ In fact, angreat, expertgreat doesn’ Fundamentally, we believe that business needs abook, Dance With Chance: ple digressions, as they work on prediction tivethis psychologist who was in at the time a colleague.

Averaging forecasts based on more than one “About the Research.”)

In additionalso to done highlighting article is referenced the past very well, but they generally are better atfin colleagues in the physical sciences had.

For a variety markets and in our Fundamentally, we believe that business needs a By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect than a moderately well-i The Sucker That Could whole new attitude toward the future.

Making Luck Work For You pursued their individual showing although far at the time a colleague.

“Sincepoint, sophisticated statistisidebar “Why Simple model also improvesthese accuracy. that alarming we’d like to offer some how, solace in the future than are their complex counofStudent reasons, hopes werepredicting unfounded.

Instead, financial The Sucker That Could whole newcal attitude toward the future.from perfect, simple models (Oneworld, 2009). careers on different ofcontithe School of Architecture oninstitutions, the street.

“Since sophisticated statistiforecasting methods Have Gone Down or woman Statistical Models Are BetThese empirical conclusions raise vital issues for the form of an analogy with natural disasters.

We’ll terparts.(See “Why Simple Models Areare Better.”) nents.

But in 2006, they empirical evidence has demonstrated the following: banks strong.

Oure canA perform surprisingly well calter. forecasting methods Have Gone Down don’t work so well,” ” After Spyros Makridakis ■ Human aretooften Brief History of Prediction Before pursuing answer, let’s beings go back wha Technical University ofan Crete anyone making business decisions: How canpast, senior use Makridakis our earthquake and hurricane comparisons Empirical evidence has also shown that human linked up with Gaba, a a bit compared with both more don’t work his so well, said, finished first”study on ■ The future is often like the but never resilient.

They’re effic Aalso Brief History of “perhaps Prediction Before pursuing an Anil answer, let’s go ■back to what extent of their forecasti in the Social Sciences was arguably the worst day so far in the present cri decision scientist,a who en- let alone statistical managers formulate strategy, athat plan, in even a to examine two types of uncertainty.

Finally, we’ll models Makridakis said, “perhaps one should advocate the use complex is worse at predicting the future forecasting using the 111 exactly the same.

That extrapolating in the Social Sciences wasfascination arguably the worst day so far in means thejudgment present criTo understand our with the shortcomsis — Friday, October 10, 2008, when the Dow Jone couraged the collaboration and intuitive judgment. one should advocate the use “Nofor way, ” retime series, he approached context ofpatterns high uncertainty and futures that theyto themodels. provideofa intuition?” framework making decisions, plans than are statistical President George W. Bu and relationships from the past To understand our fascination with shortcomOctober 10, 2008, Dow Jones MIT SLOAN MANAGEMENT REVIEW WINTER 2010 one-day that led to this and awhen prediction, weFriday, invite you to article travel back in84 the Industrial Average fuexperienced its largest In theoflate 1970s, sis — of Robin intuition?”

“No way, replied Hogarth. in theings M. Hogarth, a”cognican’t even ture imagine? and strategies in the“Research absence of accurate forecasts.

■ In fact, an expert doesn’t predict more accurately ful that summer.

On Julo can’t provide accurate predictions.

Dance With Chance: ings of prediction, invite travel Industrial Average experienced its one-day replied “Research in psychologywe shows thatyou sim-to Makridakis tiveHogarth. psychologist who was timeback toand aninHogarth episode thatbook, occurred in our world of largest point drop in history (679 points) and the shares Fundamentally, wemodels believepredict that business needs research a thanshares a moderately well-informed, intelligent man Making Luckare Work For You to pursue psychology shows that simstatistical There plenty of statistically sophisticated modOur economy has con at the time a colleague. time to anple episode that occurred insolved our world of point drop history points) of business school academia in■inthe 1970s(679 and 1980s.

Atand the many companies went into free fall.

The Sucker That whole new attitude toward the future.

2009). Could on how people can ac- (Oneworld, or woman — on past the street. ple“Since statistical models predict more accurately than sophisticated statisti- business school academia in the 1970s and 1980s. At plan els that can fit — and thus “explain” data sumers are spending, many companies went into free fall. that time, business professors and other social sciSome six months earlier, Henry Paulson, the tions in situations whereHave it is more accurately than the judgments of even highly cal forecasting methods Gone Down Human beings often extremely surprised by the perfectly.

However, theseSecretary complex models continue incre that time, qualified businessprofessionals professors inand other socialtohoped sciSome sixalmost months earlier, Henry■Paulson, the are entists post-space-age computing U.S. of the Treasury,exports was making upbea impossible rely on that accujudgments of so even highly don’t work well, ” A Brief History of Prediction Before pursuing an answer, let’s go back to what extent of their forecasting mistakes.

If statistical don’t necessarily predict the future quite as well. productivity remains entists hoped that post-space-age computing U.S. Secretary of the Treasury, was making upbeat 1 predictions.and The work qualified professionals in difficult diagnostic tasks.” It ratetechnology sophisticated models would enable statements: Makridakis said, “perhaps in theturned Social Sciences was arguably the worst day so far in the present crimany multi■ Conversely, simple statistical models don’t explain confidence in the long difficult diagnostic tasks.the ” It use technology out1that Hogarthmodels had took and sophisticated would enable one should advocate them toyears haveand thestatements: same success in forecasting as their I have great, great confidence in our capital To understand our fascination with the shortcomsis —84 Friday, October 10, 2008, when the Dow Jones MIT SLOAN MANAGEMENT REVIEW WINTER 2010 ple digressions, as they turned out that Hogarth had also done work on prediction of intuition?”

“No way, ” rethegreat past very well, but they generally are better atfinancialour economy.…

I thin them to have the same success in forecasting as theirin the physical I have sciences great, confidence in our capital colleagues had.

For a variety markets and in our institutions.

Our pursued individual also done work on predictionin showing how,we although ings of prediction, invitefar you to traveltheir back in Industrialpredicting Average experienced its largest one-day counplied Hogarth.

“Research the future than are their isand sound.

I truly do.3 colleagues in the physical sciences had. For a varietythese hopes markets andunfounded. in our financial institutions.

Ourcomplex of reasons, were Instead, financial institutions, banks investment careers on different contishowing how, although far perfect, simple models in our world of psychology shows that simtime to from an episode that occurred point dropterparts.(See in history (679 points) and the shares of “Why Simple Models Areare Better.”) these hopes were unfounded.

Instead, institutions, and investment But in 2006, they financial empirical evidence has demonstrated thebanks following: banks strong. Our capital markets are from simple models can perform surprisingly well nents. pleperfect, statistical models predict of reasons, business school academia in the 1970s and 1980s. At many companies went into free fall.

■ Empirical has also that human But by lateflexible.

September, t 2 linked up with Anil is Gaba, a a bit empirical evidence the banks are strong.

Ourevidence capital markets areshown canmore perform surprisingly well comparedhas withdemonstrated both more accurately than the ■ following: The future often like the past, but never resilient.

They’re efficient.

They’re that time, business professors and other social sciSome six months earlier, Henry Paulson, the 2 decision scientist, who encompared with complex statistical judgments ofboth evenmore highly judgment is even worseflexible. at predicting the future son warned: ■ The future is often a bit models like the past, but never They’re They’re exactly the same.resilient.

That means thatefficient. extrapolating entists and hoped that post-space-age computing U.S. Secretary the Treasury, was making upbeat couraged the collaboration complex statistical models intuitive judgment. qualified professionals in thanof are The outwardly market turmoil exactly the same.

That means that extrapolating President George W. Bush stayed cheerw patterns and relationships from thestatistical past to themodels. futhatwould led to this article and a and intuitive judgment. thesophisticated late 1970s, difficult diagnostic tasks.” It technologyInand models enable statements: ■ In fact, anBush expert doesn’t predict more accurately poseshe great risk to U.S President George W. stayed outwardly cheerpatternsMakridakis and relationships from the past to the fuful that summer.

On July 15, 2008, said: ture can’t provide accurate predictions. book, Dance With Chance: In the late 1970s, and Hogarth returned out that Hogarth had them to have the same success in forecasting as their I have great, confidence in our capitalintelligent man thansophisticated agreat moderately well-informed, ful summer.

On July 15, 2008, he said: Our economy has continuedfinancial ture can’tsolved provide accurate predictions.

Making Luckare Work For You Makridakis Hogarth reto pursue research also doneand work on prediction ■ There plenty ofthat statistically modgrowing,system con- doesn colleagues in the physical sciences had.

For a variety markets and in our financial institutions.

Our (Oneworld, 2009). solved to pursue research far onplenty how people can plan acor woman on the street.

Americans’ personal s showing how, although ■ There are of statistically sophisticated modOur economy has continued growing, conels that can fit — and thus “explain” — past data sumers are spending, businesses are investing, of reasons, these hopeswhere were unfounded.

Instead, financial institutions, banks andextremely investment onfrom how perfect, people can planmodels actionsfit in— situations it is simple ■ Human beings are often surprised by the consumers and busine els that can and thus “explain” —almost past data sumers are spending, businesses are investing, perfectly.

However, these complex models exports continue increasing and American tions situations where it is impossible relydemonstrated on accuempirical evidencetohas the following: banks are strong. Our capital markets are caninperform surprisingly well extent their forecasting mistakes.

If statistical and job cr almost perfectly. However, these complex models exportsthe continue increasing and American don’t necessarily predict future of quite as well. productivity remains strong.investment We can have impossible towith rely both on accurate predictions. compared more ■ The future is often aThe bitwork like the past, but never resilient. They’re efficient. They’re flexible.2 don’t necessarily predict the future quite as well. productivity remains strong.

We can have rate predictions.

The work took many years and multi■ Conversely, simple statistical models don’t explain confidence in the long-term foundation of complex statistical models exactly the same. That means that extrapolating 84 don’t MIT SLOAN MANAGEMENT REVIEW WINTER 2010 foundation of took many years and multi■ Conversely, simple statistical in the long-term ple digressions, as theymodels and intuitive judgment. theexplain past very well,confidence but they generally are better at our economy.… I think the system basically President George W. Bush stayed outwardly cheerpatterns and relationships from the past to the fuple digressions, they their individual In the late as 1970s, the past pursued very well, but they generally arepredicting better at the future ourthan economy.… think the counsystem basically are theirI complex is sound. I truly do.3 ful that summer. On3 July 15, 2008, he said: ture can’t provide accurate predictions. pursued their individual careers on different contiMakridakis and Hogarth repredicting the future than are their complex coun- “WhyisSimple sound. Models I truly do. terparts.(See Are Better.”) careers contiBut inof2006, they sophisticated solvedontodifferent pursue research ■ There nents. are plenty statistically modOur economy has continued growing, conterparts.(See “Why Simple Models Are Better.”)

■ Empirical evidence has also shown that human But by late September, the tone had changed. Paul nents.

But in 2006, they linked up with Anil Gaba, a on how people can plan acels that can fit — and thus “explain” — past data sumers are spending, businesses are investing, evidence has who also enshown that human is even But by late at September, had changed.

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The market turmoil we are experiencing today don’t necessarily predict future quite as well. productivity remains strong. We can have couraged the collaboration led to this articlethe and a rate predictions.

The work than arethat statistical models. market turmoil weaccurately are experiencing today ■ In fact, an expert The doesn’t predict more poses great risk to U.S. taxpayers. When the that ledmany to thisyears article and a book, Dance Chance: took and multi■ Conversely, simpleWith statistical models don’t explain confidence in the long-term foundation of ■ In fact, an expert doesn’t predict more accurately poses great risk tointelligent U.S. taxpayers. than a moderately well-informed, man When the financial system doesn’t work as it should, book, Dance With Chance: Making Luck Work For You ple digressions, as they the past very well, but they generally are better at our economy.… I think the system basically than a moderately intelligent man on the financial work as it should,Americans’ personal savings, and the ability of Making Luck Work For You (Oneworld, well-informed, 2009). or woman street. system doesn’t pursued their individual 3 predicting the future thanfrom are their complex counis sound. I 1912-1940. truly do.

The term comes Sociologist Ruth GLASS, Ruth GLASS born in (Oneworld, 2009). or1.woman on the street. personal savings, of was careers on different conti■ Human beings areAmericans’ often extremely surprised byand the the ability consumers businesses to finance spending, Berlin, where “Why she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important studyand entitled: terparts.(See Simple Models Are Better.”) nents. But in 2006, they 4 ■ Human beings are often extremely surprised by the consumers and businesses to finance spending, extent ofshe theirleft forecasting mistakes.

If statistical investment and job creation Youth Unemployment.

The same year Germany and after continuous movements for are threatened.

■ Empirical evidence has also shown that human But by late September, the tone had changed.

Paullinked up with Anil Gaba, a extent of their forecasting mistakes. If statistical investment and job creation are threatened.4 and research in at Geneva, Prague, London New York she came back to London, where decision scientist, who en- studies judgment is even worse predicting the future son and warned: e politicians and, as far as models were of emotion, they would be 2010 MITcapable SLOAN MANAGEMENT REVIEW WINTER SLOANREVIEW.MIT.EDU she published studies regarding city planning.

In 1950 became teacher in the couraged the collaboration in 1943 84 than are statistical models.

The market turmoil we areshe experiencing today ingthat CEOs. wearticle thinkand it’sa REVIEW surprised byCollege the size ofoftheir errors, too.

84 MIT SLOAN MANAGEMENT WINTER 2010 SLOANREVIEW.MIT.EDU led toSo this University London, where she continued her social research.

Her public action and ■ In fact, an expert doesn’t predict more accurately poses great risk to U.S. taxpayers. When the Dance With ■ On a more positive note, averagingby theaindependent andbook, practitioners toChance: come her work are characterized passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. than a moderately well-informed, intelligent financial system doesn’t work as it should, Making Work For You 10th predictions of several individuals (whether arsh as it Luck is, that accurate edit. Wil. COLLINS SONS ANDexperts Coman Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: (Oneworld, 2009). or woman on the street.

Americans’ personal savings, and the ability of 1

GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept 1. Introductory approach: the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term (or gentrification (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) gentrification (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”,there regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more Since then, the issue has several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized from comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new category of social groups to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the sense of safety at the distributed residencies outside town centres, search for better services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc.

According to another approach, the phenomenon is due to a systematic and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying and selling real estate, etc., for the depreciation initially of part of the urban web, in G. ALEXANDRI: Abstract. http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm variety of ways, inforecasting orderaccuracy. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually or not) generally improves ssible in their world. (See a Gentrification:

■ Human beings are often extremely surprised by the Averaging forecasts based on more than one addition to highlighting extent their forecasting 14in model alsoof improves accuracy. mistakes. If statistical ike to offer some solace These empirical conclusions raise vital issues for th natural disasters. We’ll MIT SLOAN MANAGEMENT REVIEW WINTER 2010 anyone making business decisions: How can senior d 84 hurricane comparisons managers formulate a strategy, let alone a plan, in a uncertainty. Finally, we’ll context of high uncertainty and futures that they making decisions, plans can’t even imagine? nce of accurate forecasts. ve that business needs a

consumers and businesses to finance spending, investment and job creation are threatened.4

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

President Bush was reportedly less circumspect, WHY SIMPLE STATISTICAL MODELS ARE BETTER DuringWHY the 1970s, one of the authors, a statistician who was working in aBETTER busiwas reportedly circumspect, SIMPLE STATISTICAL MODELS ARE BETTER Bush was reportedly less circumspect, WHY SIMPLE STATISTICAL MODELS ARE stating: President “IfPresident moneyBush isn’t loosened up, less this sucker ness school, realized thatone executives were deeply preoccupied with forecasting.

During thethe 1970s, of the authors, a statistician who was working in ainbusiDuring 1970s, one of the authors, a statistician who was working a busi“If5“If money isn’t loosened up,up, thisthis sucker money isn’t loosened sucker couldstating: gostating: down.”

Their main interest was business and economic data: the sales of their prodness school, realized thatthat executives were deeply preoccupied with forecasting. ness school, realized executives were deeply preoccupied with forecasting.

5 5 could go down.” could down.”

So much forgothe politicians. What about the proucts, their company’s profits and exports, and information about exchange Their main interest waswas business and economic data: thethe sales of their prodTheir main interest business and economic data: sales of their prodmuch foritfor the politicians.

What about thethe proSo much politicians.

What about professionalsSowhose job is the to forecast?

Well, they didn’t rates and industrial output …profits things like that. ucts, their company’s and exports, andand information about exchange ucts, their company’s profits and exports, information about exchange fessionals whose job itsome isittoispublic forecast?

Well, they fessionals whose to forecast?

Well, they didn’t The statistician was concerned practitioners were making their forecasts rates andand industrial output …that things likelike that. fare much better.

Here arejob statements bydidn’t rates industrial output … things that.

Bywithout Mr. George-Sp. C.concerned ATHANASOPOULOS the of thewas latest, most theoretically sophisticated methods.

Thebenefit statistician concerned thatthat practitioners were making their forecasts The statistician was practitioners were making their forecasts farefare much better.

Here areare some public by by much better.

Here some public statements the International Monetary Fund during the statements period: Instead, they seemed to prefer simpler techniques, whichStudent, they could at methods. least Harvard University, Graduate of Design, without thethe benefit ofSchool the latest, most theoretically sophisticated without benefit of the latest, most theoretically sophisticated methods. thethe International Monetary Fund during the period: International Monetary Fund during the April 2007: “Notwithstanding the recent bout of period: explain to theirthey bosses.

And so the statistician decided to teach them a lesson.

Instead, seemed toC. prefer simpler techniques, which they could at least Instead, they seemed to ATHANASSOPOULOS prefer simpler techniques, which they could at least George-Sp. Architect 2007: “Notwithstanding thelooks recent bout of of ByHeMr. April 2007: “Notwithstanding the recent bout financialApril volatility, the world economy still well embarked ontheir a research project demonstrate the superiority explain to bosses.

AndAnd sothat the statistician decided to teach them aoflesson. explain to their bosses. so would the statistician decided to teach them a lesson.

Student of the School of Architecture 6 financial volatility, the world economy still looks well financial robust volatility, the world economy still looks well the latest statistical techniques. set for continued growth in 2007 and 2008.”

He He embarked on aonresearch project thatthat would demonstrate thethe superiority of of embarked a research project would demonstrate superiority 6 6 The professor and his research assistantUniversity set about collecting sets of Technical of many Crete the latest statistical techniques. set set forfor continued robust growth 2007 andand 2008.” the latest statistical techniques. continued robust growth in 2007 2008.”

October 2007: “The problems in in credit markets economicThe and business data over time from a wideset range of collecting economic andmany busiprofessor and his research assistant about many setssets of of The professor and his research assistant set about collecting October 2007: “The problems in credit markets October 2007: “The in is credit markets have been severe, and while theproblems first phase now ness sources.

They came up with 111 different time which then andand economic andand business data over time from a series, wide range ofthey economic busieconomic business data over time from a wide range of economic busi1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept have been severe, and while the first phase is now have been severe, and while the first phase is now over, we are still waiting to see exactly how the conused to mimic the real process of Each series was split into two ness sources.

They came upforecasting. with 111111 different time series, which they then ness sources.

They came up with different time series, which they then 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept over, we are stillout. waiting see exactly thethe conover, we are still waiting topoint, see exactly how consequences will play ... Atto this wehow expect earlier andthe later data.

The researchers simply pretended that the later used todata mimic real process of -forecasting.

Each series was split into twotwo used to mimic the real process of370 forecasting.

Each series was split into ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greekparts: philosopher, (444 BC BC, Athens), will play out. ... At thisthis point, wewe expect part hadn’t happened yet and proceeded fitresearchers various statistical techniques, parts: earlier data and later data.

Theto researchers simply pretended thatthat thethe later sequences will play out. ...

At point, expect parts: earlier data and later data.

The simply pretended later globalsequences growth to slow in 2008, but remain at a buoyANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great “principle”: the both simple and sophisticated, to the earlier data.

Treating that earlier data as partpart hadn’t happened yetyet and proceeded to fit statistical techniques, 7 growth hadn’t happened and proceeded tovarious fit various statistical techniques, global to slow in 2008, butbut remain at aatbuoyglobal growth to slow in 2008, remain a buoyant pace.” among wise heritage leftthe us, he established a great the “the past, ” simple they used both approaches “the future, ” then back both and sophisticated, toto the earlier data.

Treating thatsat earlier data as as acquisition of knowledge startshe with definition ofand the content of“principle”: concepts. both simple sophisticated, topredict the earlier data.

Treating that earlier data 7 7 other ant pace.” ant pace.”

April 2008: “Global growth is projected to slow anddefinition compared their with what had happened. “the past, ” they used both approaches toof predict “the future, ” then sat sat back “the past, ”“predictions” they used both approaches toactually predict “the future, ” then back acquisition of knowledge starts with the of the content concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term April 2008: “Global growth is to slow April “Global growth is projected to slow to 3.7% in 2008 ...2008: Moreover, growth is projected projected to Toand theand theoreticians’ chagrin, the practitioners’ simple techniques turned compared their “predictions” with what had actually happened. compared their “predictions” with what had actually happened.

1 (andgrowth Based, therefore, this “principle” inbeindicated aTo first, if (in not final, approach, the term i togentrification 3.7% in 2008 ... Moreover, is projected to to to 3.7% inunchanged 2008 ... Moreover, growth isgentrification) projected out is to more accurate than the their own statistically sophisticated methods. urban area ofpractitioners’ Planning) (or the theoreticians’ chagrin, the practitioners’ simple techniques turned remain broadly in 2009. ...on The U.S. To the theoreticians’ chagrin, the simple techniques turned 1 (and i i In out theout wake of his embarrassment, the statistician searched for a way tomethods. to be more accurate than their own statistically sophisticated methods. remain broadly unchanged in 2009. ...

The U.S. to be more accurate than their own statistically sophisticated remain broadly unchanged in 2009. ...

The U.S. gentrification urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or economy will tip into a mild recession in 2008 as Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various explain why that was so.

His rationale: Complex models try to find nonexistent In the wake of his embarrassment, the statistician searched for a way to In the wake of his embarrassment, the statistician searched for a way to economy willwill tiptip into a mild recession inthe 2008 as as of a city area, the removal from this, (in various economy into a mild recession in 2008 the result of mutually reinforcing cycles in Sociology as well), as the “refining” ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there ofmodels artists, patterns in past data; simple models ignore such “patterns” and extrapolate explain why that waswas so.

HisHis rationale: Complex models tryjust to find nonexistent explain why that so. rationale: Complex try to find nonexistent thethe result of of mutually reinforcing cycles in thethe result mutually reinforcing cycles housing and financial markets, before starting a in trends.

The professor also went on to repeat the “forecasting hindsight” patterns in past data; simple models ignore such “patterns” and justjust extrapolate ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there ofwith artists, patterns in past data; simple models ignore such “patterns” and extrapolate the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless of housing andin financial markets, before starting a a housing and financial markets, before starting modest recovery 2009 as balance sheet problems experiment many times over the years, large setswith ofwith data and trends.

TheThe professor also went onusing to thethe “forecasting hindsight” trends. professor also went onrepeat toincreasingly repeat “forecasting hindsight” the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless of whatever other has, results also rising of land prices (and the ii But 8 problems more experiment powerful computers. the same empirical truth came back each time: modest recovery inare 2009 asconsequences balance sheet many times over the years, using increasingly large setssets of data andand modest recovery in slowly 2009 asresolved.” balance sheet problems experiment many times over the years, using increasingly large of data in financial institutions ii But ii land whatever other consequences has, results also rising of prices (and the 8 8 Simple statistical models are better at forecasting than complex ones. more powerful computers. thethe same empirical truth came back each time: more powerful computers.

But same empirical truth came back each time: in financial institutions are slowly resolved.” potential relative speculation). in financial institutions are slowly resolved.”

October 2008: “The world economy is entering Simple statistical models areare better at forecasting than complex ones. statistical better at forecasting than complex relative speculation).

October 2008: “The world economy isis entering October 2008: “The economy isfound entering at first in Simple a major potential downturn in the face ofworld the most dangerThe term gentrification the UK in models early 1960s and it refers to ones. a major downturn in gentrification the face of the most a major downturn in the face of the most dangerThe term iswealthy found atpeople first in letting the UK in early and itareas refersofto it. However, before ourselves off the1960s hook, ous financial shock in mature financial markets the then observed trend ofdangerto buy property in poor it. However, before letting off the hook, financial shock in in mature financial markets it. However, before letting ourselves the hook, financial shock financial markets let’s consider our track record of ourselves predicting inoff ecosinceous theous 1930s.

Global growth ismature projected to slow the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof let’sand consider ourSadly, track record of is predicting ecosince thein 1930s.

Global growth is projected to slow let’s consider our track ofnot predicting in ecosince the 1930s. growth is projected to slow nomics business. the record great.inold substantially 2008, andGlobal a modest recovery would London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus residents are being indirectly “squeezed”.

9 and andand business.

Sadly, thethe record is not great. substantially 2008, a modest recovery would nomics business.

Sadly, record is not great. substantially in 2008, and a modest recovery would nomics only begin later in in 2009.” being indirectly “squeezed”.

9 of 9 Abegin description this phenomenon is Bubble, included in the Trouble work of Sociologist Ruth begin later in George 2009.” only later in 2009.”

Soonly Henry Paulson, Bush and the IMF Bubble, Forecast AHenry description ofBush this phenomenon isthesituations included in the work of Sociologist Ruth So So Henry Paulson, George and the IMF Bubble, Bubble, Forecast George Bush and the IMF Bubble, Bubble, Forecast atPaulson, the same period, while similar were in other major Remember Japanese miracle?

Backrecorded inTrouble theTrouble 1980s, didn’tGLASS predict the credit crunch.

But that doesn’t GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major Remember the Japanese miracle?

Back in the 1980s, didn’t predict the credit crunch.

But that doesn’t Remember JapaneseJapan’s miracle?

Back in the 1980s, predict the credit But that doesn’t everyone was tryingthe to emulate business sucmean cities todidn’t say no one predicted it,crunch. right? Businessin Western countries, by other Researchers. everyone was trying emulate Japan’s business to say noWestern oneone predicted it, forecasters, right?

Businesseveryone was trying to emulate Japan’s business suctoin say no it, right?

Businesscities countries, by other Researchers. cess. The boom, fueled bytogains in productivity and sucWeek,mean inmean itsSince annual survey ofpredicted business then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more 10 business cess.

The boom, fueled by gains in productivity and Week, inSince its annual survey of forecasters, cess.

The boom, fueled by gains in productivity and Week, in its annual survey of business forecasters, concluded: quality, was the envy of the world.

During the 1980s, published on December 20, 2007, then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various 10 10 concluded: quality, was thethe envy of the world.

During thethe 1980s, published on on December 20,20, 2007, concluded: the Nikkei quality, was envy of sixfold, the world.

During 1980s, published December 2007, 225 stock index rose from around comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various of thethat phenomenon oftothe gentrification, the following: Nikkei 225 stock index rose sixfold, from around Nikkei 225 stock index rose sixfold, from around Theinterpretations economists project, on average, the 6,500the almost 39,000.

But at the end of 1989, the interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: In aeconomists sense, the phenomenon due6,500 to a trend of39,000. a anew category ofthe social groups The economists project, average, thatthat thethe isJapanese to almost 39,000.

But atdecline. the endend ofApril 1989, The project, on average, 6,500 to almost But at the of 1989, the economy will grow 2.1% fromon the fourth stock market began long By grow from theleaving fourth Japanese market began a long decline.

By By April economy grow from the fourth the2003, Japanese market a long April in money toeconomy “return” to the city, purlieus forstock several reasons: high costs quarter of 2007will towill the end2.1% of2.1% 2008, vs.

2.6% when it stock briefly started tobegan recover, thedecline.

Nikkei quarter oftwo 2007 to the endend of 2008, vs.

2.6% 2003, when it of briefly started recover, thethe Nikkei quarter ofto 2007 to the of[out 2008, 2.6% 225 had 2003, when itits briefly started to recover, Nikkei in 2007.

Only of the forecasters of vs. lost 80.5% peak value.towork and time travel from the purlieus to downtown, where place is, lack of the in 2007.

Only two of the forecasters [out of of 225lesson hadhad lost 80.5% of its peak value. in1.

2007.

Only two of the forecasters [out 225 lost 80.5% of its peak value.

54 in total] expect a recession.

The is that, whether we’re talking about The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense of safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, 54 54 in total] expect ashe recession.

The1932 lesson is whether we’re talking about in total] expect a recession.

The lesson is that, whether we’re talking about the dot-com boom ofthat, the 20th century, the South Berlin, where made her first studies.

In she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) thethe dot-com boom ofand the 20th thethe South dot-com boom of the 20th century, South Could itYouth be, then,Unemployment. that the current crisis is a same “black year Seashe Bubble ofGermany the 18th century or thecentury, Amsterdam The left after continuous movements for lower cost of, “withdrawal” from private easier access to markets, etc.where Could it be, then, that thethe current crisis is ais“black Sea Bubble of 17th the 18th century or thecan Amsterdam studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London New York she came back to London, Could itliving be, then, that current crisis a “black Sea Bubble ofcar the 18th century or the Amsterdam swan,” the term eloquently coined by Nassim Nichtulip mania of and the century, no one ever 11 in 1943 she published studies regarding city planning.

In 1950 she became teacher in the swan,” the term eloquently coined by Nassim Nichtulip mania of the 17th century, no one can ever According to another approach, the phenomenon is due to a systematic and swan,” the2007 termbook eloquently coined

by Nassim tulip maniapoint. of the 17th century, no one can ever to mean a rare and Nicholas Taleb in his predict the bursting 11 London, 11 to University College of where she continued her social research.

Her public action and to mean a rare and olas Taleb in his 2007 book predict the bursting point. mean a rare and olas Taleb in his 2007 book predict the bursting point. unique event that is not only completely unexpected So what about less ambitious forecasts directed long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her event work are characterized by aunexpected passion forSo justice.

See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. unique that is not only completely unexpected what about ambitious forecasts directed unique event that is of not only completely what about less ambitious forecasts but also outside the realm our imaginations?

If theatdepreciation a single So company orless industry?

1968, C. the Jaydirected and selling real estate, etc., for initially ofInpart of urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. COLLINS SONS AND Co Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: but also outside the realm of our imaginations?

If at a single company or industry?

In 1968, C. Jay but also outside the realm of our imaginations?

If at athen single company or Anaconda industry? Co. In 1968, so, we humans may be forgiven for failing to forecast Parkinson, president of the — a C. Jay Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: Abstract. http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a variety of ways, in order to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually so,so, wewe humans may be forgiven forfor failing to forecast then president of the Anaconda Co.Co. —— a a humans may be forgiven failing to forecast Parkinson, Parkinson, then president of the Anaconda SLOANREVIEW.MIT.EDU SLOANREVIEW.MIT.EDU SLOANREVIEW.MIT.EDU

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FORECASTING

GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

FORECASTING

major producer of copper and part of a cartel that founders, there were no takers at their modest price. had been hiking up its prices for more than 35 Yahoo! Inc. and a whole bunch of well-known venture years — proclaimed, “This company will be going capitalists didn’t even make an offer. major producer of copper and part of a cartel that founders, there were no takers at their modest price. strong 100had andbeen evenhiking 500 years from now.”

Within up its prices for more than 35 Yahoo! Inc. and a whole bunch of well-known venture An Analogy Aseven Powerful 15 years the company had collapsed and the will whole years — proclaimed, “This company be going capitalists didn’t make an offer.

As An Earthquake industry had been by years the invention By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS strong 100decimated and even 500 from now.”of Within Physical scientists generally very good at makfiber optics, made obsolete the use of copAn Analogyare As Powerful 15 which years the company had collapsed and the whole Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, 12 As An Earthquake industry had been decimated by the invention of ing George-Sp. predictions.

But C. the ATHANASSOPOULOS scientific community per wires in the telecom industry.

By Mr. Architect Physical are generally very good at makfiber optics, which madeBear obsolete the use Today, amid all the fuss about Stearns, Leh-of copknows its ownscientists limits. Scientists accept that it’s imStudent of the School of Architecture 12 ing to predictions. the scientific community per and wiresAIG, in the man Brothers it’stelecom easy to industry. forget that it has all possible predict theBut timing and location of large Technical University of Crete Today, amidmore all therecently fuss about Bear knows itsIndeed, own limits.

Scientists accept that it’s imhappened before — and than theStearns, Great Lehearthquakes. current understanding of the man Brothers and AIG, it’s easy to forget that it has all possible to predict the timing and location of large In 1998, Long-Term Capital Manageprocesses that produce earthquakes suggests that happened before — and more recently than the Great earthquakes. Indeed, current understanding of the 1.Depression.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept ment LP, an investment fund managed by experts no one should be able to pinpoint their occurrence Depression. Inapproach: 1998, Long-TermDefining Capital Manageprocesses that produce earthquakes suggests that 1.

Introductory the concept ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -frequency 370 BC, Athens), that included two Prize-winning economists, in advance. the(444 intensity of earthment LP,Nobel an investment fund managed by experts no oneYet should be able to and pinpoint their occurrence ANTISTHENIS, ancient philosopher, (444 BC 370pattern.

BC, Athens), was saved from bankruptcy by a consortium ofGreek banks quakes exhibit aYet remarkably consistent In the among other heritage he left us, he established a great “principle”: that wise included two the Nobel Prize-winning economists, in advance. the intensity and-frequency of earthany year, are 134 earthquakes among other wise heritage he leftthe hegiven established aroughly great the was knowledge saved from bankruptcy by a consortium ofus, banks quakes exhibit a remarkably consistent pattern. In acquisition of starts with definition ofthere the content of“principle”: concepts. worldwide measuring to 6.9 on the Richter any given year, there6.0 are roughly 134 earthquakes acquisition of knowledge starts with the definition of the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term VARIATIONS IN COMMUTING TIME TO OFFICE 6.0ofto7.0 6.9toon theand Richter scale,worldwide 17measuring a value 7.9, one 1 (and Based, therefore, onOFFICE this inindicated aaround first, ifwith not final, approach, the term The bars represent the numbers of for different times (in minutes) that“principle” Pierre VARIATIONS INdays COMMUTING TIME TO urban gentrification) is the area oftoPlanning) (or gentrification around (in 17 with a value of 7.0 7.9, and one at 8.0scale, or above.

The bars represent the numbers days for different times (in minutes) 1 needed to get to the office.

The smooth curveof(in the background) shows how a that Pierre gentrification (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or at 8.0 or above.

Sociology as well), as the “refining” thehowever, removal this, (in various needed to get to the Pierre’s office. The smooth curve (in the background) shows howof a a city area, Our point, is thatfrom statistical regularity normal distribution approximates commuting times.

Our point, however, is that statistical regularity normal distribution approximatesas Pierre’s commuting times.“refining” of a city area, Sociology well), as the the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income placement there based of artists, does notand equalthe predictability.

For example, Number of Days does not equal predictability. For example, based ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, on the historical data, we“change”, have a pretty good idea Number of the Days 100 operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this regardless of on the historical data, we have a pretty good idea 100 -2 -3 -1 Mean +1 +2 +3 -3 -2 -1 Mean +1 +2 +3 that the next 35 years will bring roughly 44 earththe operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless of Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard has, results that the next 35 years will bring roughly 44 earthwhatever other consequences also rising of land prices (and the Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard Deviations Deviations Deviation Deviation Deviations Deviations Deviations Deviations Deviation Deviation Deviations Deviations quakes with an intensity of 7.5 up to 7.6 on the quakes with an intensity of 7.5 up to 7.6 on the whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the 80 potential relative 80 Richter scale.scale.

But But seismologists have nonoclue Richter seismologists have clueasasto to potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at firstwhen in the UK inthey’ll early 1960s and it refers to or where they’ll occur (apart from when or where occur (apart frombeing beingin in 60 60 The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor areas of the world’s earthquake-prone zonesand andacacone ofone theofworld’s earthquake-prone zones the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas of companied by aftershocks).

Will these zones be companied by aftershocks).

Will these zones be London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are 40 populated or unpopulated?

Will there aresidents tsunami?

40 London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old are populated or unpopulated?

Will there bebea tsunami? being indirectly “squeezed”.

Will they large-scale death and destruction?

Will they causecause large-scale death and destruction? being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth No scientist can say.

20 scientist can say.

20 A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is No included inwere the work ofcope Sociologist Ruth How, then, doesrecorded the world earth-major GLASS at the same while similar situations inwith other How, then, does the world cope with earthquakes?

Instead of relying on prediction, the focus GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major 0 cities in Western countries, by 51other Researchers. quakes?

Instead of relying prediction, the focus 33 35 37 39 41 43 45 47 49 53 0 is on being prepared.

If on you’re lucky enough to live cities Western by other Researchers.

33 35 37 39 41 in43 45 to Get 47tocountries, 49 51 has 53 preoccupied Minutes theissue Office Since then, the several and for is on in being prepared.

If world, you’reengineers lucky enough toits live more a rich part ofscholars the can construct Minutes to Get to the Office Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more in a rich part ofcapable the world, engineers canvery construct buildings of withstanding strong comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized below, from the various buildings capable of withstanding very strong comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various and governmental bodies.

The reason might give you tremors.

But if you live in a poor region, you take interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: a chillingof sense ofThe déjà vu: It was donegive in the name of yourBut chances and suffer the consequences. and governmental bodies. reason might you tremors. if you live in a poor region, you take interpretations the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: Ina achilling sense, the phenomenon is due to a your trend of aandnew category of social groups saving entire system.

Of course, hurricanes such as Katrina can cause sense ofthe déjà vu: financial It was done in the name of chances suffer the consequences. to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in In money In fairness, it’s not just business catastrophes that just as much devastation as big earthquakes. saving the entire financial system.

Of course, hurricanes such as Katrina can cause failfrom to forecast. also oftento unable to contrast where earthquakes, meteorologists canlack usuallyof the and time to experts travel theThey’re purlieus downtown, work place is, In fairness, it’s not just business catastrophes that just as muchtodevastation as big earthquakes.

In predictcomes success.

Take Google Inc., Ruth for exampredict1912-1940. where hurricanesRuth will strike a few days in born in term fromalso Sociologist GLASS, GLASS was experts fail to forecast.

They’re oftenresidencies unable to contrast to earthquakes, meteorologists can usually sense1. ofThe safety atbusiness the distributed outside town centres, search for better ple.she At themade end of the 1990s, thestudies. founders tried to1932 sell advance.

If you’re out atimportant sea with a safe harborentitled: Berlin, where her first In she published an study predictof business success.

Take Google Inc., for exampredict where hurricanes willthe strikecity”, a few days in services health, education, entertainment “at the heart of (possibly) their company with its unique nearby, early extremely useful.movements On land, Youth The samesearch yeartechnology she leftfor Germany andwarning afteratiscontinuous for ple.Unemployment.

At the end of the 1990s, theknown founders to sell advance.

If you’re sea with a staying safe harbor $1.6 million.

If they’d thattried less than 10private years however, the keyout isaccess being prepared: home, lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from car to markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and Neweasier York she came back to London, their company with its unique search technology formarket nearby, early warning is extremely useful. On land, it would bestudies worth $230 billion (the covering your windows andbecame down.

In in the in According 1943 shelater published regarding cityphenomenon planning.

In 1950 she teacher to another approach, the is due tofastening a staying systematic and $1.6 million.

If they’d known that less than 10 years however, the keythere is being prepared: home, capitalization in mid-2008), they might have set some cases may be time and resources for a University College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public action and long-term informal byFortunately organized groups, manufacturers, brokers ofInbuying later itare would be worth $230 billion (the market their sights a effort little higher. for Google’s covering windows and ENGLISH fastening down. mass evacuation (as occurred with Gustav inDICTIONARY. August her work characterized by a passion for justice.

Seeyour also: COLLINS and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCo depreciation initially ofbepart the urban in capitalization in mid-2008), they might have set London some cases there may time of and resources for web, a 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: 86 MIT SLOAN MANAGEMENT REVIEW WINTER 2010 Fortunately for Google’s their sights aways, little higher. mass “assisted”, evacuation (as occurred withSLOANREVIEW.MIT.EDU Gustav in August G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of in order Abstract. to achieve the “voluntary”, (actually

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

2008, when 1.8 million people were moved from almost all the values in a normal distribution lie the coastal areas of southern Louisiana). But hurriwithin three standard deviations of the mean, while canes can change course (as Gustav did), once again 95% lie within two standard deviations. There are highlighting the inaccuracy of predictions. almost no extreme values; most of Pierre’s journey As an analogy, think of the enormous number times are clustered neatly around the average of 43 of small businesses or new ventures that start fail George-Sp. minutes. The graph represents what we call “subByorMr. C. ATHANASOPOULOS worldwide. The precise figures vary from year to way uncertainty.” It effectively models the time it Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, year, but there is a continual process of businesses takes Pierre to get to his office each morning, toBy Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect entering and leaving the market — with some regether with the uncertainty of being earlier or later Student of the School of Architecture gions of the world more prone to both startup and than the average. Indeed, Pierre has used it to make Technical University of Crete failure than others. A few companies that hang on probabilistic predictions of how long his journey through the early years may go on to be hugely sucwill take — and was satisfied to find that his fore1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept cessful; many more simply survive. Sticking with casts were accurate. Pierre’s model makes some 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept the natural disaster analogy, small-business failures important (444 assumptions. begin, it assumes that ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -To370 BC, Athens), can be seen as minor movements financial tecfuture days are from the same distribution ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he of left us, he established adrawn great the tonics, while the collapses of thehe Lehman Brothers, as was observed in past. “principle”: there is nothe among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a the great acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content ofProvided concepts.

Enrons and WorldComs are the larger tremors. And major change — a prolonged shutdown of the enacquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts.

Based,thetherefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term current recession is a major earthquake, shaktire Métro system, interruptions to the city’s power 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in—the Planning) (or gentrification ing Western capitalism to its core and sending huge supply, a strike thatarea is a safeof assumption.

As long 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociologyaftershocks as well),rippling as the “refining” the removal from this, (in various across the world. of a city area, as there’s continuity between the past and future, Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the fromthere this, of (inartists, various the model reliable. ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and theisremoval placement Back to Normal In addition to liking a reliable commute, Pierreof ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless Of course, there are limits to the earthquake analalso likes exoticthis vacations.

Unfortunately, on a trip of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However “change”, regardless whateverogy. other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the Large earthquakes are extreme, if imaginable, Thailand he had a deadly accident. While seeking whatever other consequences has, results toalso rising of land prices (and the potential relative speculation). events that occur rarely, even in temblor-prone shade under a palm tree, a coconut fell on his head. potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early andof ita highly refers zones. Many things that occur in the business Our unlikely hero was1960s the victim un-to The term gentrification found atpeople first in likely the UK in early 1960s and itareas refers world may not be predictable, but their unpredictevent that we call “coconut uncertainty” — of a to the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas ability can at least be modeled.

In other words, kind of freak happening that you just can’t plan for.

London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof there are two types of uncertainty that practitioThe truththere is that and most real-life situations are mix-are London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes thus old residents being indirectly “squeezed”. ners need to“squeezed”. be aware of. We call them subway and tures of subway and coconut uncertainty, which is being indirectly A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth coconut uncertainty, respectively, and we’ll explain precisely why coconut uncertainty interests us.

A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS atby the same while similar in othercan’t major way of a story.

In technical terms, coconut uncertainty be GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, bycalled other Researchers.

Let’s imagine a character Pierre.

He’s a modeled statistically using, say, the normal districities in Western countries, by other Researchers. graduate France’s famous engineering school, several bution. That’s because there more and Since then, of the issue has preoccupied scholars andarefor itsraremore Sincethethen, the issueandhas preoccupied severalevents scholars and for its more École Polytechnique, he lives and works in unexpected than, well, you’dthe expect.

In addicomprehensive approach are being summarized below, from various Paris. One of his passions is recording how longsummarized it tion, there’s no regularityfrom in the occurrence of comprehensive approach are being the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thebelow, following: takes him to get to work each morning via Paris’s coconuts that can be modeled.

And we’re not just interpretations of the phenomenon of thecategory following: In a sense, phenomenon is due togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups highly the efficient Métro system. The wait generally talking about Taleb’s “black swans” — truly bizarre to “return” to between the city, leaving purlieus for several costs inThere money varies almost nothingthe and just a few minevents thatreasons: we couldn’thigh have imagined. are utes.

However, therethe are purlieus many one-day and time to travel from to strikes, downtown, where work and place is, lack the also bubbles, recessions financial crises,of which which cause considerable delay or even force may 1912-1940. nottown occur often but dosearch repeat atfor infrequent termcan from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, Ruth GLASS was born in sense1.ofThe safety atcomes the distributed residencies outside centres, better Berlin, where hertofirst 1932 an important entitled: him toshe walkmade all the way work.studies.

Some days,In too, the she andpublished irregular intervals.

Coconuts, instudy our view, are services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment.

The same year she Germany continuous large crowds of tourists on the platform canleft force less rareand thanafter you’d think.

They don’tmovements need to be big for lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private car easier access tospace. markets, etc.be studies and Geneva, Prague, London andand New York came to London, himresearch to miss a train. hairy andshe come fromback They can alsowhere in According 1943 sheThe published studies regarding city planning.

In 1950 she became teacher in the to another approach, the phenomenon is due to a systematic and graph of Pierre’s daily commuting times fits small and prickly and occur without warning. CoUniversity College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public action and long-termtheinformal by organized groups,conuts manufacturers, brokers of buying well-knowneffort bell-shaped curve of the normal can even be positive: an inheritance from a her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. (See “Variations inthe Commuting Time long-lost relative, a lottery win orurban a yachting invita-in and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for depreciation initially of part of the web, 10th edit.distribution.

Wil. SONS AND Co Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: In in his statistics he learned that tion from a rich client.

G. ALEXANDRI: Abstract. http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: varietytoofOffice.”) ways, order class, to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually SLOANREVIEW.MIT.EDU

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FORECASTING

GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

Pierre didn’t study psychology along with engias many other daily series of data in economics and neering and statistics. But if he had, he might have business. But it’s not the same shape as the normal come across research showing that while people may distribution shown by the smooth pattern in the be quite aware that rare events can occur, and may background. In particular, there are more extreme FORECASTING even be able to imagine several examples, they connegative daily changes in the oil price — both up sistently underestimate the probability of at least one Byand down — than you would expect if the values Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS such event (including the ones they didn’t imagine) were normally distributed. For example, between Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, study along with engi- June as many otherOctober daily series 11, of data in economics andwent up otherdidn’t words, wepsychology tend to underestioccurring.13 In Pierre 20 and 1990, oil prices By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect and statistics. But if he had, he might have business. But it’s not the same shape as the normal mate the size neering of the class of rare events. And that can 160%, from $26 to $67.30. By February 25, 1991, come across research showing that while people may distributionStudent shown by theof smooth in the of Architecture thepattern School lead to serious, sometimes mortal errors.

Engineerthey were back down tothere $28.areThroughout be quite aware that rare events can occur, and may background.

In particular, more extreme that peTechnical University of Crete ing disasters, for example, often because there were vertiginous daily and falls, even be able to imagine severalarise examples, they con- riod, negative daily changes in the oil price — rises both up sistently crash underestimate probability of at least and down — than you would expect if the values “fail-safe” systems due tothethe breakdown ofone including several of the 13 values greater than 1. Introductory approach: concept such event (including the ones they Defining didn’t imagine) the were normally distributed. For example, between only one previously unconsidered component.

10.41% and the 21 lower than –10.35%, respec13 In other words, we tend to underestioccurring.

June 20 and October 11, 1990, oil prices went up 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept the$26 other hand, during of the timeAthens), ANTISTHENIS, Greek philosopher, (444 BCthe-25,rest 370 BC, mate the size of thethe class ofancient rare events. And that can tively.

160%,On from to $67.30.

By February 1991, Coconut Oil? maybe fordown a few more volatile pe- Athens), lead towise serious, sometimes errors.

Engineerthey were back to days $28.

Throughout that pe- BC, ANTISTHENIS, themortal ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 among other heritage he left us,(and he established aduring great the ingatdisasters, for example example, often arise because riod, there were vertiginous daily rises small and falls, Now let’s look a real-life that affects us riods, too), there were also more rises than among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great “principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with the definition of the content of concepts. crash due to the breakdown of including several of the 13 values greater than all: the price “fail-safe” of oil. Insystems 2008, the soaring price of oil you would “normally” expect. acquisition ofoneknowledge starts with the definition of the content of concepts. only previouslyon unconsidered component.

10.41% and the 21 lower than –10.35%, respecBased, therefore, this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term reminded the world that there was such a thing as In short, prices nice, predictable tively.

On theoil other hand,don’t duringdisplay the rest of the time 1 (and urban Based,Coconut therefore, on this “principle” inmaybe auncertainty. first, if Thus, not final, approach, the term gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification inflation, something that most Western economists subway people whose job it is to Oil? (and for a few days during more volatile pe1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Now let’s look at a real-life example that affects us riods, too), there were also more small rises than Sociology as well), as Consider the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this,more (in various had all but forgotten about. the graph dispredict tomorrow’s oil price must cope with all: price of oil.

Inthe 2008, “refining” the soaring price ofof oil a you would “normally” expect.

Sociology asthewell), city area, the removal from this, (inartists, various playingof daily changes in oilas prices over a two-decade coconuts than might reasonably expect.

And, ways), social groups, usually of low-income andthey the placement there of reminded the world that there was such a thing as In short, oil prices don’t display nice, predictable period.

(See “Changes in Oil Prices, 1986-2008.”) as we saw above, the entire developed world is at the ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, inflation, something that most Western economists subway Thus,this people“change”, whose job it is to regardless the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. uncertainty.

However of On first impression, the galleries, graph a rather nice,dis- mercy oftomorrow’s these lurking coconuts. had all but forgotten about.has Consider the graph predict oil price must cope with more the operation of art restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless of whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the changes in oilthe prices over apattern two-decade coconuts than might reasonably expect. symmetrical playing shape,daily with roughly same So what dothey economic forecasters doAnd, in such cirwhatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the period.

(See speculation).

“Changes in Oil Prices, 1986-2008.”) as we saw above, the entire developed is at the potential relative cumstances?

Remember, it’s world difficult — if not On first impression, the graph has a rather nice, mercy of these lurking coconuts. potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and folit refers to to modelforecasters uncertainty doesn’t symmetrical shape, with roughly the same pattern impossible So what — do economic do in that such cirThe term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto CHANGES IN OIL PRICES, 1986-2008 low known statistical models.

Forecasters have the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor cumstances? Remember, it’s difficult — if not The bars represent the numbers of days that daily changes in oil prices (expressed as impossible —done to model uncertainty that doesn’t folthe then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas traditionally exactly what Pierre did.

In practiLondon, upgrade stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof percentages) had different values.

The smooth curve (in thethem, background) shows a CHANGES IN OIL PRICES, 1986-2008 known statistical models. Forecasters have callow terms, they havethere treated and unexpected like London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes thusevents, old residents are The bars represent the numbers of days that daily changes in oil prices (expressed as theoretical normal distribution.

It does not fit the empirical data, which have both being indirectly “squeezed”. traditionally done exactly what Pierre did. In practipercentages) had different values. The smooth curve (in the background) shows a the steep 1973-1974 oil price increase or the more remany more outliers and values being closer to the mean. The data“squeezed”. are from the U.S. Energy cal terms, they have treated unexpected events, like indirectly theoretical normal It does not fit the which have both Adistribution. description ofempirical thisdata,phenomenon is included inoilthe work ofmore Sociologist Ruth Information Administration. rise 1973-1974 of 2007-2008, as outliers have to be steep price increase or the that remany more outliers and values closer to the mean. The data are from the U.S. Energy A description of this phenomenon cent isthe included inwere the work oftoSociologist Ruth GLASS situations recorded in other major Information Administration. at the same period, while similar cent rise of 2007-2008, as outliers that have be ignored because they can’t be modeled.

Number of Days GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major ignored because they can’t be modeled.

Number of Days 900 cities in Western countries, by other Researchers.

Now, don’t get us wrong. The field of forecasting 900 Now, don’t get us wrong. The field of forecasting cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. has excellent work over the— years both Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more 800 hasproduced produced excellent work over the years both — 800 Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more practical and academic.

It created has created models ofvarious practical and academic.

Itbelow, has models of the comprehensive approach are being summarized from 700 700 subway uncertainty uncertainty thatthat can can be assessed with re-with resubway be assessed comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various 600 interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, following: markable precision andthe incorporated into all kinds 600 markable precision and incorporated into all kinds interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: 500 of analyses to produce the best possible decisions.

In a sense, the phenomenon is due toofaanalyses trend ofproduce a new category of social groups 500 bestwith possible decisions.

However, it’sto just not set upthe to cope coconuts, 400 to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money However, it’s just not set up to cope with coconuts, which are a fact of life in the real world of business.

400 300 In essence, message is: By all means make and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the which are athen, factour of life in the real world of business.

200 300 — just don’t believe them.

Inforecasts essence, then, our message is:Ruth By all means make termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

GLASS wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, search for 100 200 Berlin, where she made her first studies.

In 1932 she published important study entitled: forecasts — just don’t believean them. <-10.35% >10.41% Juggling With Coconuts: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) 0 Youth Unemployment.

The+7.16% same+10.41% year she leftThe Germany Three A’s and after continuous movements for -10.35% -7.11% -3.21% 0.029% 100 lower living cost of,in+3.27% “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back to London, Percent Daily Change Oil Price In the end, we admit that our message isn’t particu<-10.35% >10.41% Juggling With Coconuts: 0 in According 1943 she published studies regarding city planning. became teacher in the larly positive. PeopleIn still1950 have to she maketo decisions to another approach, the phenomenon is due a systematic and The Three A’s -10.35% -7.11% -3.21% 0.029% (Official +3.27% +7.16% Source: Energy Information Administration Energy Statistics from the U.S. +10.41% Government): based on what they think will happen in theHer future.public action and http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/dnav/pet/pet_pri_spt_s1_d.htm University College of London, where she continued her social research.

Percent Daily Changeinformal in Oil Price effort by organized In long-term groups, brokers of buying the end, wemanufacturers, admit that our message isn’t particuher work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. larly positive.

People still have toof make decisions 88 MIT SLOAN MANAGEMENT REVIEW WINTER 2010 SLOANREVIEW.MIT.EDU and selling real estate, etc., for the depreciation initially of part the urban web, in 10th edit.

Wil. COLLINS SONS AND Co Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: Source: Energy Information Administration (Official Energy Statistics from the U.S. Government): based what they think will happen in the future. http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/dnav/pet/pet_pri_spt_s1_d.htm G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve theon“assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

But we do But have we some do have advice somefor advice juggling for juggling with cocowith cocoFUTURE-PERFECT FUTURE-PERFECT THINKING THINKING AlthoughAlthough people have people great have difficulty great in difficulty predicting in predicting the future, the they future, havethey littlehave little nuts by using nuts by theusing threethe A’s:three Accept, A’s:assess, Accept,augment. assess, augment. difficulty in difficulty explaining in explaining the past. the Future-perfect past. Future-perfect thinking forces thinking you forces to exploit you to exploit Accept that Accept you’re thatoperating you’re operating in an uncertain in an uncertain iii iii hindsighthindsight (even if it (even is purely if it imaginary). is purely imaginary). world. Psychologically, world. Psychologically, it’s tough, it’sbut tough, ignoring but ignoring ununHere’s anHere’s example an … example … certaintycertainty is not anis option. not an option.

In fact, whether In fact, whether your your Assume you’re Assume theyou’re CEO of thea CEO majorofairline, a major and airline, in order andtoinformulate order to formulate your your corporatecorporate strategy, you strategy, needyou to forecast tooil forecast prices oil forprices the next forfive the years. next five years. interest interest is in tomorrow’s is in tomorrow’s oil price,oilnext price, quarter’s next quarter’s By Mr. George-Sp. C.need ATHANASOPOULOS First, imagine First,that imagine five years that five have years already havepassed. alreadyYou’re passed. now You’re ablenow to look able to look sales data, sales next data, year’s nextstock year’s price, stockearthquakes price, earthquakes or or Harvard University, Graduate of Design, Student, back on what back happened on what happened overSchool that over period. that It period. turns out It turns that oil out prices that oil have prices beenhave been simply getting simplyto getting work to onwork time,on you time, can’tyou be can’t realis-be realisquite lowquite and stable low and over stable the “past” over five “past” years,five which years, was which a great was benefit a greattobenefit to By Mr. George-Sp. C. the ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect tic about ticassessing about assessing the chances the chances of a given of aevent given event the airlinethe (and airline your(and career). yourHowever, instead ofinstead just enjoying of just that enjoying imaginary that imaginary Student ofcareer). the However, School of Architecture good luck,good explain luck, —explain or tell the — or story tell the of ---story howof such --- how favorable such favorable circumstances circumstances occurring occurring unless you unless firstyou confront first confront all the other all the other University Crete came about. came What about. were What theTechnical were particular the particular economic economic and geopolitical andof geopolitical events that events that possibilities possibilities that might thatcome might true come instead. true instead. contributed contributed to the low, tostable the low, oil stable prices?oil prices?

Assess the Assess levelthe of uncertainty level of uncertainty you face.you By face. all By all Now,concept takeNow, a second take atrip second forward tripfive forward yearsfive on the years time on machine. the time machine.

This time,This time, 1. Introductory approach: Defining the means, model means,your model uncertainty your uncertainty as if it were as ifsubway it were subway however,however, when youwhen look back you look at oilback prices, at oil you prices, are exasperated. you are exasperated.

All you see Allisyou see is 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept uncertainty: uncertainty: Use a statistical Use a statistical model ifmodel you’re you’re feeling mayhem: a period of a period steep and of steep highly and volatile prices volatile that prices made that running madethe running air- the airANTISTHENIS, theiffeeling ancient Greekmayhem: philosopher, (444 BC -highly 370 BC, Athens), almost line impossible. almost impossible.

Once again, Once explain again, explain happened. what happened.

What were What the were the mathematical, mathematical, thenother consider then wise consider how coconut how coconut unceruncerANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -what 370 BC, Athens), among heritage he left us,line he established a great “principle”: the particularparticular economiceconomic and geopolitical and geopolitical events that events led tothat thatled painful to that scenario? painful scenario? tainty might tainty come mightinto come into Ironically, play.heritage Ironically, having having among other wise leftthe us,definition established great the acquisition ofplay. knowledge startshe with ofofthatthe of“principle”: concepts.

If he you do that If you kind do exercise kindcontent ofaaexercise few times, a few focusing times, on focusing the realms on the ofrealms your of your acceptedaccepted uncertainty, uncertainty, you can you startcan to gather start tomore gather more own experience, own experience, you’ll start you’ll tofinal, develop start toaapproach, develop feelingof for a feeling different for futures different and futures the and the acquisition of knowledge starts with the definition of the content concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not the term data anddata judgments and judgments than youthan might youotherwise might otherwise have have fact that they fact that are all they plausible. are all plausible.

Some of these Somefutures of thesewill futures involve will coconuts involve coconuts of of 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) different kinds different and,kinds though and, there though is no there formal is no technique formal technique for converting for(or converting plausibil- plausibilthoughtgentrification thought relevant.relevant.

Take, forTake, example, for example, the salesthe of asales of a 1 gentrification (and urban gentrification) (in the area oftoinsights Planning) into is probability, ityindicated into probability, you can use youyour can new use your insights new develop appropriate develop (or appropriate risk risk Sociology asunknown well), as the area, the removal from this, (intovarious first novel first bynovel an unknown by an author.

It author. sounds It“refining” like sounds a like a of aitycity protectionprotection strategies. strategies.

That is theThat essence is the of essence future-perfect of future-perfect thinking. It thinking. involvesIt involves Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various uniqueways), case. unique Butcase. our But suggestion our suggestion to publishers to publishers is to is to of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of vivid artists, harnessing harnessing the claritythe of hindsight clarity of hindsight to develop tomore develop vivid more pictures of pictures the future. of the future. ignore the the ignore uniqueness. the of uniqueness.

Instead, Instead, look at the look track at the track ways), social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement of artists, It’s aetc. wayIt’s not aonly way to not accept, only toassess accept, and assess augment andthere augment the likelihood the likelihood of a coconut operation of art galleries, restaurants, However “change”, regardless of of a coconut record ofrecord the sales of the of first-time sales of first-time authors in general. in general. hittingetc. you hitting onHowever the you head on the but head also to but devise also to a plan devise for acoping plan for with coping it in advance. withof it in advance. the operation ofauthors art galleries, restaurants, this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the You haveYou no have validno reason validtoreason believe tothat believe the that uncerthe uncerwhatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative tainty surrounding tainty surrounding your new your author new differs authorfrom differs from and smallest and smallest observations. observations.

Why? Well, Why? to estimate Well, to estimate a a potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification ishefound firstaccurately, inyou the UK in early 1960s the wider the population wider population of new authors of new authors that he or that she orrange she at accurately, range need you to observe need to observe values atvalues the and at theit refers to The term gentrification found at first in the UK in early and refersofto belongsthe belongs to —then especially to — especially if you’ve ifused you’ve an used industry anis industry two extremes. two extremes.

However, However, bybuy definition, by definition, extreme1960s extreme valval- it observed trend of wealthy people to property in poor areas the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas standard standard process process for collecting for collecting reader feedback reader feedback ues occur ues only occur rarely, only so rarely, you’re so unlikely you’re unlikely to observe to observe London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof 14 Doubling 14 Doubling what you’ve what obyou’ve (also known (also as known human asupgrade judgment). human judgment).

Therefore, Therefore, you themselves you in them them smallsometimes in samples. small samples.

London, them, stay there and thus oldobresidents are being indirectly “squeezed”. served in served a limited in a number limited number of past occurrences of past occurrences is a is a should have should a reasonable have a reasonable estimate estimate of just how of just low how low being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of thisprobably phenomenon isof included in the work of Sociologist Ruth crude way crude way of estimating, say, the 95% say, the range.

95% range. or high or thehigh salesthe might salesgo. might Thatgo. range range probably A description ofThat this phenomenon isestimating, included inwere the work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same period, while similar situations recorded inpast other major On the hand, otherif hand, you have if you a wealth have aofwealth past of covers 95% covers of 95% all possible of all possible outcomes. outcomes.

Done that?

Done that?On the other GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities intake Western countries, byincrease other Researchers. data (oil data prices, (oilfor prices, example), for example), you mayyou notmay neednot to need to Well, now Well, takenow the estimated the estimated range …range and increase … and Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. double your double range. yourHowever, range. However, we’dscholars stillwe’d recommend still recommend it! Henceit!cities the Hence next in the step: next Augment. step: Augment.

Since then, the issue has several and for its more Since then, issueChances has preoccupied scholars and for various its more multiplying it by at least itseveral by1.5. at least Remember, 1.5.

Remember, as wefrom saw as we saw Augment Augment the range the of range uncertainty. ofthe uncertainty.

Chances are are comprehensive approach aremultiplying being summarized below, the earlier, people earlier,tend people to underestimate tend to underestimate the size of thethe size of the good that good you’ve thatjust you’ve underestimated just underestimated the range the ofrange of being comprehensive approach are summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: class of of potential classgentrification, of potential coconuts, coconuts, not tothe mention notfollowing: to mention the size the size uncertainty, uncertainty, no matter nohow matter realistic how realistic youphenomenon thought you thought interpretations of the In awhen sense, phenomenon isof due tothea coconuts trend of a new category of social groups the coconuts of themselves. themselves. you wereyou when were you assessed you the assessed it. Extensive it. Extensive empirical empirical to “return” to consistently the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money evidence evidence shows that shows people that people consistently underestiunderestiFromtoForecasting From Forecasting towhere Planning to Planning mate uncertainty mate time uncertainty — to their — powers theirfrom of powers imagination of imagination and travel the purlieus downtown, work place is, lack of the Given the Given number theoutside number of disastrously oftown disastrously badcentres, forecasts bad forecasts —search — for are usually are worse usually than worse their than powers their mathematmathemat1.of The term fromofSociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth GLASS wasbetter born in sense safety atcomes theofpowers distributed residencies Berlin, where she made her first studies.

In published anclear important study entitled: and notand just1932 not in the justshe last in few the last years few —years it’s — it’s that clear that ics. We services have ics.

We advice have for advice those for who’d those like who’d to stretch like to stretch of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment.

The same year shebusinesses left Germany and after continuous movements for businesses need a different need a different strategy strategy to cope to with cope with their imaginations, their imaginations, but if you’re but ifnot you’re feeling notcreative, feeling creative, lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back to London, coconutcoconut uncertainty. uncertainty.

As we saw As with we saw earthquakes with earthquakes we havewe a rule haveofa rule thumb. of thumb.

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FORECASTING

GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

F O R E C A S T I N G or a piece of a satellite falling from the sky. But

3. G.W. Bush/press conference, James S. Brady Press

Briefing Room July 15, 2008, http://georgewbush-white there are some actions you can take that can prohouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2008/07/ 20080715-1. tect you from events you cannot predict. Indeed, html. many of us already do so by purchasing insurance 4. H.M. Paulson, “Paulson Testimony on Turmoil in U.S. 3. G.W. Bush/press conference, James S. Brady Press or a piecefire of adrills satellite falling from the or practicing in the workplace.

Mostsky. in-But Credit Markets, ” Sept. 23, 2008, http://blogs.wsj.com/ Briefing Room July 15, 2008, http://georgewbush-white there policies are somecover actions you range can take can pro- economics/2008/09/23/paulson-testimony-on-turmoil-insurance a wide of that potential

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS house.archives.gov/news/releases/2008/07/ 20080715-1. us-credit-markets/. tect you events you techniques cannot predict.

Indeed, disasters, andfrom the evacuation practiced html.

Harvard University, of Design, 5. “TalksGraduate Implode DuringSchool a Day of Chaos; Fate of BailoutStudent, many of usbealready by purchasing for fire would just as do wellsosuited for bomb insurance scares, H.M. Paulson, “Paulson Testimony on Turmoil in U.S. Plan4.Remains Unresolved, ”C. New York Times, Sept. 26,

By Mr. George-Sp. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect or practicing fire drills in the workplace. Most in- 2008, floods or gas leaks.

Credit Markets,” Sept. 23, 2008, http://blogs.wsj.com/ http://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/26/ Student of the School of Architecture economics/2008/09/23/paulson-testimony-on-turmoil-inbusiness/26bailout.html. surancehow policies a wide range of potential Exactly you cover deal with uncertainty is for us-credit-markets/. Technical University of Crete 6. International Monetary Fund, “World Economic thetoevacuation techniques youdisasters, and yourand team decide. Perhaps you’llpracticed use a 5. “Talks Implode During Day ofinChaos; Fate of Bailout Outlook 2007: Spillovers and aCycles the Global for fire would be as well suited scares, hedging strategy or just develop a plan B for forbomb evolving Plan Remains Unresolved, New York2007).

Times, Sept. 26, Economy” (Washington, D.C.:”IMF , April 1.your Introductory approach: Defining the concept floods or gas leaks.Or maybe you’ll take a “venbusiness model.

2008, http://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/26/ 7.the International Monetary Fund, “World Economic 1. Introductory Defining concept business/26bailout.html.

Exactlyapproach how youtoapproach: deal with uncertainty is forphilosopher, ture capital” innovation, developing Outlook” (Washington, D.C.: IMF , October 2007).

ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), 6. International Monetary Fund, “World Economic younew and ideas your at team toknowing decide.

Perhaps use a 8.philosopher, several once, that onlyyou’ll one or ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek (444 BC 370 BC, Athens), Monetary Fund, “World Economic among other wise heritage he left us, heInternational established a great “principle”: the Outlook 2007: Spillovers and Cycles in the Global or develop a plan B is fortoevolving twohedging are likelystrategy to succeed.

The main thing stop Outlook” (Washington, D.C.: IMF, April 2008). among other wise heritage he left us,definition heEconomy” established aD.C.:great “principle”: the (Washington, IMF, April 2007). acquisition of knowledge starts with the of the content of concepts. your business model.

Or maybe you’ll a “ven- 9. International Monetary Fund, “World Economic believing your own predictions about thetake future 7.

International Monetary Fund, “World Economic acquisition of knowledge starts with the definition of the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term Outlook 2008: Financial Stress, Downturns, and capital”plans approach to innovation, andture to develop that will be sensitivedeveloping to sur(Washington, D.C.: IMF, October 2007).

1 (and urban (Washington, IMF, October Based, therefore, on this “principle” inOutlook” a first, if (in notD.C.: final, approach, the term gentrification) is indicated the area of 2008).

Planning) (or gentrification several new ideas at once, knowing that only one or Recoveries” prises, whether future credit crunches or other 8. International Monetary Fund, “World Economic 1 10. J.C. Cooper, “No Recession, Butarea …,” BusinessWeek gentrification (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the of Planning) (or two are likely to succeed.

The main thing is to stop recessionary forces.

Outlook” (Washington, D.C.: IMF , April 2008).

Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various (Dec. 20, 2007). believing your own predictions about the future As coconuts go, the current economic crisis is a Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various 9.

International Monetary Fund, “World Economic ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the 11. N.N. Taleb, “The Blackplacement Swan: The Impactthere of the of artists, Outlook 2008: Financial Stress, Downturns, and develop will be sensitive to sur- Highly big and hairy fromplans outerthat space.

Will global, ways), oftoone social groups, usually of free low-income and(Washington, the placement there Improbable” (New York: Random House, 2007). of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless of Recoveries” D.C.: IMF, October 2008). prises, whetherturn future crunches or other market capitalism out credit to be another of those 12.

S. Makridakis, R.M. Hogarth and A. Gaba, “Dance the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless of whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the 10.

J.C. Cooper, “No Recession, But …, ” BusinessWeek recessionary forces. great political ideas that didn’t work in practice? We With Chance: Making Luck Work For You” (Oxford: (Dec. 20, 2007). whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential speculation).

Asrelative coconuts the currenttoeconomic don’t know, but it’sgo, interesting speculate,crisis and is a Oneworld Publications, 2009).

11. N.N. Taleb, “The Black Swan: The Impact of the potential relative speculation).

A. Tversky and D.in Kahneman, “Judgment and Under it refers to hairy one outer space.

Will global, alsobig important.

In from the end, the empire of capitalism The term gentrification is found at free first13.in theImprobable” UK early Highly (New York:1960s Random House, 2007).

Uncertainty: Heuristics andearly Biases,” 1960s Science, New Series The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in and itareas refersofto market capitalism turn outit’s toof beisanother of fithose probably strike back, and likely that the the will then observed trend wealthy to buy property in poor Makridakis, Hogarth and A. Gaba, “Dance 185,12. no.S.4157 (Sept. 27R.M. , 1974): 1124-1131. greatJedi political ideas to that didn’t work in practice? nancial will return preeminence (albeit, with Wepeople the then observed trend of wealthy to buy property in poor areas With Chance: Making Luck Work For You” (Oxford: London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there andthat thus old residents areof 14. That also applies to samples are imaginary.

See Oneworld Publications, 2009). don’tdiminished know, but by it’s interesting to speculate,isand Psometimes powers regulation).

Capitalism .

Juslin, A. Winman and P .

Hansson, “The Naïve Intuitive London, upgrade them, stay themselves there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”.

13. A. Tversky and D. Kahneman, Under end, the empire of capitalism notalso just important. a good ideaIn —the it can work in practice again.

Statistician: A Naïve Sampling Model “Judgment of Intuitive Confibeing indirectly “squeezed”.

Uncertainty: andReview Biases,” Science, New SeriesRuth AButdescription of back, this phenomenon inHeuristics the work of114, Sociologist dence Intervals,” Psychological no. 3 (2007): will strike it’shistory likely that the is fi- included thisprobably time we should learnand from about 185, no. 4157 in (Sept.

27, 1974): 1124-1131.

678-703.

Anancial description ofpredict. this phenomenon included the work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS atcanthe same period, while similar were recorded in other major Jedi return to preeminence (albeit, withis situations what we andwill cannot 14.

That alsoand applies to samples that are imaginary.

See major i. S.situations Makridakis M. Hibon, “The Accuracy ofin ForecastGLASS at the same period, while similar were recorded other powers diminished by regulation).

Capitalism is ing: PAn cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. . Juslin, A. Winman and P.”Hansson, “The Naïve Intuitive Empirical Investigation, Journal of the Royal Spyros Makridakis is an emeritus professor of not just a goodthe idea — it can work in practice again. cities in Western countries, by other Researchers.

Statistician: A Naïve Sampling Model of Intuitive Statistical Society, Series A, 142, no.

2 (1979): 97-145.

Since then, issue has preoccupied several scholars and forConfiits more decision sciences at INSEAD and founding chief Intervals,” Psychological Review 114, no. 3 (2007): Butofthis time wethe should learn and from history about ii. S.dence editor the Journal of Forecasting the InternaSince then, issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more Makridakis, A. Andersen, R. Carbone, R. Fildes, M.various comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the 678-703. tional Journal of and Forecasting.

Robin M. Hogarth is R. Lewandowski, J. Newton, E. Parzen and R. what we can cannot predict. comprehensive approach are beingHibon, summarized below, from the various i. S. Makridakis and M. Hibon, “The Accuracy of Forecastinterpretations of theatphenomenon the following: ICREA Research Professor Universitat Pompeu of gentrification, Winkler, “The Accuracy of Extrapolation (Time Series) ing: AnResults Empirical ”Competition, Journal of the Royal Fabra, Barcelona. Anil Gaba isphenomenon the Orpar Chaired of gentrification, Methods: of aInvestigation, Forecasting ” Journal interpretations of the the following: Spyros Makridakis is an emeritus professor of In a sense, the phenomenon is due to aoftrend ofSociety, a new category of social groups Statistical Series A, 142, no. 2111-153; (1979): 97-145.

Professor of Risk Management at INSEAD, where Forecasting 1, no. 2 (September 1982): and S. decision sciences at INSEAD and founding chief he directs the Centre on Decision Makingthe and Risk and M. Hibon, “The M3-Competition: Results, to “return” city, leaving for reasons: costs inM.money editor ofto thethe Journal of Forecasting and thepurlieus Interna- Makridakis ii. S.several Makridakis, A. Andersen, R.high Carbone, R. Fildes, Analysis. They are the coauthors of Dance With Conclusions and Implications,” International Journal of tional Journal of Forecasting.

Robin M. Hogarth Hibon, R. Lewandowski, J. Newton, E. Parzen and R. of the and Chance: time to travel from purlieus tois downtown, where work place lack Making Luck Work Forthe You (Oneworld PubForecasting 16, no.

4 (October-December 2000):is, 451-476.

ICREA Research Professor at Universitat Pompeu Winkler, “The Accuracy of Extrapolation (Time Series) lications, 2009).

Comment on this article or contact 1.of The term from Sociologist Ruthiii.GLASS, 1912-1940.

GLASS wasbetter born in sense safety atcomes the outside town centres, search for Fabra, Barcelona.

Anil distributed Gaba is the Orparresidencies Chaired Methods: of a Forecasting Competition, ” Journal For a furtherResults application of this Ruth method, see T.S. Pitsis, the authors at smrfeedback@mit.edu.

Berlin, where her first studies. sheM.published an important study Professor ofshe Riskmade Management at INSEAD, whereIn 1932 Forecasting 1, no. 2 (September 1982): “Con111-153; and S.entitled: S.R.of Clegg, Marosszeky and T. Rura-Polley, services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) directs the Centre onThe Decision Making andshe Risk leftstructing Makridakis and M.Dream: Hibon, M3-Competition: Results, the Olympic Acontinuous Future Perfect Strategy YouthheUnemployment. same year Germany and after“The movements for REFERENCES Analysis.cost They are coauthors of Dance With Conclusions and Implications, ” International Journal of Project Management, ”she Organization Science 14, no. 5of etc. lower living of,thein “withdrawal” from private car access to markets, studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and Neweasier York came back to London, where Chance: Making Luck Work For You (Oneworld Pub- (September-October Forecasting 16, no.

4 (October-December 2000): 451-476.

2003): 1. See also, J. Surowiecki, “Thestudies Wisdom of regarding Crowds” in According 1943 she published cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to Comment another approach, the is 574-590. due a systematic and lications, 2009). on this article or contact iii.

For a further application of this method, see T.S. Pitsis, (New York: Anchor Books, 2005).

University College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public action and the authors at smrfeedback@mit.edu. long-term informal effort byto Calm organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying S.R. 51214.

Clegg, M. Marosszeky and T. Rura-Polley, “ConReprint “Paulson Says He’ll ‘Do What It Takes’ Mar- for justice. her2.work are characterized by a passion Seethe also: COLLINSA Future ENGLISH DICTIONARY. structing Olympic Dream: Perfect Strategy Copyright © Massachusetts Institute ofof Technology, 2010. kets, ” Mar.Wil. 16, 2008, http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/ and selling real estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part the urban web, in REFERENCES 10th edit.

COLLINS SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: of Project Management,” Organization Science 14, no. 5 All rights reserved. news?pid=20601087&sid=aPR8k.dkNie0&refer=home.

G. ALEXANDRI: Abstract. http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm (September-October 2003): 574-590. a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually 1. See also, J. Surowiecki, “The Wisdom of Crowds”

20

(New York: Anchor Books, 2005).

90 MIT SLOAN MANAGEMENT REVIEW WINTER 2010

2. “Paulson Says He’ll ‘Do What It Takes’ to Calm Markets,” Mar. 16, 2008, http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/ news?pid=20601087&sid=aPR8k.dkNie0&refer=home.

90 MIT SLOAN MANAGEMENT REVIEW WINTER 2010

SLOANREVIEW.MIT.EDU

Reprint 51214.

Copyright © Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010.

All rights reserved.

SLOANREVIEW.MIT.EDU

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ΣΤΡΑΤΗΓΙΚΕΣ ΓΙΑ ΤΗΝ ΑΝΤΙΜΕΤΩΠΙΣΗ ΤΟΥ ΧΡΕΟΥΣ GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention,

Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes ofΤου Gentrification Καθηγητού Ναπολ. ΜΑΡΑΒΕΓΙΑ Αντιπρύτανη Πανεπιστημίου Αθηνών Concerns

Εξοχώτατε Κύριε Πρόεδρε της Ελληνικής Δημοκρατίας1, Το Βιβλίο των συναδέλφων By μουMr.Καζάκου-Λιαργκόβα-Ρεπούση για το George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Δημόσιο Χρέος της Ελλάδας, δίνειUniversity, τη δυνατότητα ναSchool σκεφτούμε όχι μόνο τις Harvard Graduate of Design, Student,

By Mr. George-Sp. C. και ATHANASSOPOULOS μακροοικονομικές αλλά και τις πολιτικές, ακόμη θα έλεγα, τις κοινωνικές και Architect πολιτιστικές αιτίες της υπερχρέωσης της χώραςStudent μας. of the School of Architecture University of Crete Το Βιβλίο αυτό αποτελεί μια εξαιρετική ευκαιρίαTechnical να στοχαστούμε γιατί δεν μπορεί η χώρα μας να ξεφύγει από τις επαναλαμβανόμενες χρεωκοπίες στην 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept ιστορική της διαδρομή από την Επανάσταση του ’21 μέχρι σήμερα (1827, 1843, 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient philosopher, 1893, 1932). Οι χρεωκοπίες αυτέςGreek εξετάζονται τόσο ως προς τα αίτια, όσο και ως ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, -“principle”: 370ομοιότητες.

BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the προς τα αποτελέσματά τους με εξαιρετική τεκμηρίωση (444 και μεBC πολλές among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great “principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with the definition of the content of concepts. Ειδικότερα, όσον αφορά την πρόσφατη κρίση, πρέπει να σκεφτούμε τους acquisition of knowledge starts with the definition of the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term βαθύτερους λόγους, για τους οποίους υπήρξε «Ελλειμματική δημοσιονομική 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” inindicated a first,των if (in not final, approach, the term gentrification) is the area of Planning) (or gentrification διαχείριση», με αποτέλεσμα τη συσσώρευση χρεών πριν ξεσπάσει η 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various οικονομικήasκρίση.

Sociology as well), asθέτουν the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of συγγραφείς social groups, usually low-income andthe theremoval placement Οι τα of ακόλουθα ερωτήματα: ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation art galleries, However this “change”, regardless of Γιατί of διογκώθηκε τοrestaurants, Κράτος καιetc. τα έσοδα Κράτους δεν επαρκούσαν για the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof την κάλυψη των εξόδων; whatever other consequences resultsκατανάλωση; also rising of land prices (and the - Γιατί αυξήθηκε υπέρμετραhas, η ιδιωτική potential relative speculation). potential relative speculation).

- term Γιατί διογκώθηκε Τομέας των κατασκευών όχιandοιit refers διεθνώς The gentrification isοfound at first in the UK in earlyκαι 1960s to The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto εμπορεύσιμοι κλάδοιtrend παραγωγής; the then observed ofiswealthy to buy property in poor the- then observed trend of wealthy people buy property in poor areas Γιατί οι κοινωνικές δενsometimes μείωνανto τοthere ποσοστό της φτώχειας; London, upgrade them, stayδαπάνες themselves and thus old residents areof London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are Γιατί υπερτερούσε συστηματικά η εγχώρια παραγωγή και αυξάνονταν οι being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”. εισαγωγές; A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the work ofμε Sociologist Ruth -A description Γιατί γενικότερα υπήρχε υπερβάλλουσα ζήτηση μεγαλύτερο GLASS at the same while similar recorded in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major πληθωρισμό απόcountries, το μέσο όρο Ευρωζώνης; cities in Western by της other Researchers. cities Western countries, bypreoccupied other - inΓιατί αύξηση των Researchers. πραγματικών που Since then,υπήρχε the issue has several μισθών scholarsστο andδημόσιο for its more Since then,και the issue has several scholars andthe for various its more συμπαρέσυραν τους μισθούς στον ιδιωτικό τομέα; below, comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized from comprehensive approach areφοροδιαφυγή; being summarized from the various - Γιατί υπήρξε αυξανόμενη interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thebelow, following: interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: Όλα αυτά, απαντούν οι τρεις συγγραφείς, δεν οφειλόταν λάθη In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new category ofμόνο socialσεgroups πολιτικής και σε αδυναμία άσκησης εθνικής νομισματικής πολιτικής, π.χ. αύξηση to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money των time επιτοκίων ωςfrom μέσοthe αποπληθωρισμού ή/και where υποτίμηση νομίσματος ως and to travel purlieus to downtown, workτου place is, lack of the μέσο αύξησης της διεθνούς ανταγωνιστικότητας. termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin,Οφείλονταν, where she made her first studies. In και 1932 she an important study entitled: όπως γράφουν, σε published βραχυχρόνιους υπολογισμούς services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment.

Theυποβαθμίζονταν same year she left οι Germany and after συνέπειές continuous τους. movements εκλογικών κερδών, ενώ μακροχρόνιες Όμως,for lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc. studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, where in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public action and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. 1 and selling realCOLLINS estate, for the depreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit.

Wil. SONS AND Co Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: Εκδήλωση στηνetc., Αίθουσα Γερουσίας της Ελληνικής Βουλής για την παρουσίαση Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: Abstract. http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm aτου variety of ways, in order to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually βιβλίου περί Δημοσίου Χρέους της Ελλάδος, 6 Φεβρουαρίου 2017.

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

22

όπως επίσης επισημαίνουν, αυτό συμβαίνει σε πολλές χώρες και αποτελεί μέρος της πολιτικής δημοκρατικής κοινοβουλευτικής διαδικασίας. Όπως υποστηρίζουν, τα ζητήματα αυτά διογκώθηκαν, επειδή στη χώρα μας παρατηρούμε: - Ασθενείς τυπικούς θεσμούς διακυβέρνησης - Εκτεταμένες πελατειακές πρακτικές

By Mr. George-Sp. ATHANASOPOULOS - Αντιφιλελεύθερες (κρατικιστικές) αντιλήψεις C.που περιορίζουν την Harvard University, Graduate School Design, Student, ελεύθερη επιχείρηση και τον ανταγωνισμό και αντιμάχονται τιςofμεταρρυθμίσεις.

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Παράλληλα επίσης, γράφουν με παρρησία στη σελίδα 303, παρατηρήθηκαν Student of the School of Architecture φαινόμενα όπου: Technical University of Crete - «Πολιτικοί έχαναν βαθμιαία το αίσθημα ευθύνης απέναντι στο Δημόσιο συμφέρον, συνδικαλιστές πρότασσαν οφέλη της συντεχνίας τους, συχνά με το 1. Introductory approach: Definingταthe concept αζημίωτο, επιχειρηματίες αναζητούσαν πλεονεκτήματα μέσω της δωροδοκίας…»

1. Introductory approach: the concept (444 ANTISTHENIS, theκατάσταση ancientDefining Greek philosopher, BC - 370 BC, Athens), μέσα σε μια εκτεταμένη διαφθοράς και προσοδοθηρίας.

ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great Οι συγγραφείς καταλήγουν σε μια ενδιαφέρουσα επισήμανση σχετικάthe με among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. το ρόλο των «ελίτ», οι οποίες, όπως γράφει ο Acemoglou και Robinson, στις acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition of the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if not final, approach, the term χώρες που αποτυγχάνουν, όπως π.χ. η χώρα μας, καθιερώνουν αρπακτικούς – 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in not final, approach, the term gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification εκμεταλλευτικούς θεσμούς (extractive) έναντι των the συμμετοχικών θεσμών 1 (and urban gentrification) gentrification is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various (inclusive), που παρατηρούμε σε ανοιχτές κοινωνίες. Οι θεσμοί αυτοί οδηγούν Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, of low-income and the placement thereμεof συνεχή artists, στην προσαρμογή της usually κοινωνίας, στις μεταβαλλόμενες συνθήκες ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless of ανανέωση και ανατροπή των κεκτημένων. the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless of whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the Ωστόσο, κατά την άποψή μας, πολλές από τις πάνω παθογένειες whatever other consequences has, results rising of land prices (and the potential relative speculation). «ευδοκιμούν» ιδιαίτερα στην οικονομική καιalso κοινωνική πραγματικότητα, που potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to επικρατεί στη χώρα μας. Το ίδιο συμβαίνει και σε πολλές άλλες χώρες μέσου The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas of επιπέδου ανάπτυξης, που αντιμετώπισαν και αντιμετωπίζουν παρόμοιαto the then observed trend of wealthy people buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stayκαι themselves sometimes there and thus στο old residents areof προβλήματα υπερχρέωσης χρεωκοπίας και to παρουσιάζονται Βιβλίο αυτό London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. (Μεξικό, Ν.Αμερική κ.α.). being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included the work of Sociologist Ruth Αξίζει να επισημανθούν ορισμένα δομικά in χαρακτηριστικά της ελληνικής A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major οικονομίας: GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in1)Western countries, by otherτηResearchers. Αν παρατηρήσει κανείς δομή της απασχόλησης στη χώρα μας, θα cities in Western countries, by other Researchers.

Since then, issue has preoccupied severalδεν scholars and forέναντι its more διαπιστώσει ότιthe σχεδόν 50% των απασχολουμένων είναι μισθωτοί 10Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various 20% στις οικονομίες των Βορειοευρωπαϊκών χωρών. comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, following: 2) Επίσης, αν υπολογίσει κανείς το μέσο the μέγεθος των επιχειρήσεων interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: In a sense, the phenomenon due to a trend of a new category socialμας, groups συμπεριλαμβανομένων και τωνis αγροτικών εκμεταλλεύσεων στηofχώρα θα ανακαλύψει θάλασσα και μικροσκοπικών οικονομικών μονάδων to “return” toμια the city, leavingμικρών the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money έναντι αντιστοίχων επιχειρήσεων των ώριμων οικονομιών and timeτων to travel from theμεγάλων purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of της the 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in Δύσης. sense safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin,3)where she made herκάποιος first studies.

1932κατά she published important study entitled: εκτιμήσει το In μέσο κεφαλή ακόμη services ofΑν health, education, entertainment “at the heartan ofεισόδημα the city”,και (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for περισσότερο το μέσο εισόδημα των απασχολουμένων ελληνική οικονομία, θα lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier Yorkτην she came to back to London, διαπιστώσει ότι πολύapproach, χαμηλότερο του μέσου αντιστοίχου εισοδήματος in According 1943 she published studies regarding city planning.

In 1950 sheto became teacher στις in the to είναι another the phenomenon is due a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public action and προαναφερόμενες οικονομίες, προφανώς λόγω της χαμηλής παραγωγικότητας long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. της εργασίας στη χώραetc., μας.for and selling real estate, theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. COLLINS SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

4) Όμως, αν εκτιμήσει το κόστος διαβίωσης στη χώρα μας, θα ανακαλύψει ότι είναι ανάλογο του κόστους ζωής στις προαναφερόμενες οικονομίες της Β. Ευρώπης, ιδίως μετά την ένταξη της χώρας μας στην Ευρωζώνη. Συνεπώς, δεν είναι δύσκολο να σκεφτεί κανείς ότι τα προβλήματα της πολιτικής διαδικασίας, (βραχυχρόνια εκλογικά οφέλη έναντι μακροχρόνιων αρνητικών συνεπειών), των πελατειακών πρακτικών, της προσοδοθηρίας, των αδύναμων θεσμών κλπ διογκώνονται στη χώρα μας και οδηγούν πολύ

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS ευκολότερα στην ελλειμματική δημοσιονομική διαχείριση και συνεπώς στην Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, υπερχρέωση, λόγω ακριβώς της δομής της ελληνικής οικονομίας, που οφείλεται By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect στο σχετικά χαμηλό επίπεδο ανάπτυξής της. Αλλά και το επίπεδο ανάπτυξης Student of the School of Architecture εξαρτάται από την υπέρβαση των πιο πάνω παθογενειών.

University of Crete Έτσι, π.χ. η σύλληψη της φορολογητέας ύλης Technical είναι εξαιρετικά δύσκολη υπόθεση όχι μόνο approach: λόγω της Defining ανεπάρκειας των κρατικών μηχανισμών και της 1. Introductory the concept εκτεταμένης διαφθοράς, αλλά και εξαιτίας του τεράστιου πλήθους των μικρών 1. Introductory approach: the concept ancientDefining Greek philosopher, BC - 370 BC, Athens), καιANTISTHENIS, μικροσκοπικών the οικονομικών μονάδων και του(444 χαμηλού ποσοστού των ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great μισθωτών σε αντίθεση με ό,τι συμβαίνει στις Βορειοευρωπαϊκές Οικονομίεςthe με among otherknowledge wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition with the content concepts. the αποτέλεσμαofνα υστερούν starts συστηματικά τα κρατικάof έσοδα. acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, the term Επιπλέον, ο περιορισμός των κρατικών δαπανών, ώστεapproach, να μην ξεπερνούν 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, theόταν term urban gentrification) is indicated the area of Planning) (or gentrification τα έσοδα και να(and συσσωρεύονται έτσι ελλείμματα είναι(in εξαιρετικά δύσκολος, 1 (and gentrification urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or Sociology as well), κατ’απασχολούμενο as the “refining” of a στην city area, the removal from this,χαμηλότερο (in various το μέσο εισόδημα Ελλάδα είναι σημαντικά Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and αντίθετα the placement thereζωής of artists, από αυτό στις ΒορειοΕυρωπαϊκές Οικονομίες, ενώ το κόστος είναι ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless of στο ίδιο περίπου επίπεδο. the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the Έτσι, οι αυξήσεις των μισθών στο Δημόσιο παρασύρουν τους μισθούς στονof whatever otherλόγω consequences has, πίεσης results also of land (and the potential relative speculation). Ιδιωτικό τομέα της επίμονης τωνrising μισθωτών γιαprices αύξηση των potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to εισοδημάτων τους, προκειμένου να μιμηθούν τα καταναλωτικά πρότυπα των The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas of Βορειοευρωπαίων, με αποτέλεσμα να διογκώνεται η δημόσια δαπάνη, ναto the then observed trend wealthy people to buy property inέλλειμμα poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes and thusτοold residents areof δημιουργούνται ελλείμματα και ταυτόχρονα ναthere αυξάνεται του London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. εξωτερικού εμπορίου (υπερβάλλουσα ζήτηση). being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description this phenomenon is included in the workναof εξηγηθεί Sociologistμερικά Ruth Επίσης, ο of υπερτροφικός δημόσιος τομέας μπορεί A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included work ofπροσλήψεις Sociologist Ruth GLASS at theαπό same while were recorded in other major τουλάχιστον την ατροφία τουsimilar ιδιωτικού τομέα.in Ηthe πίεση για στο GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries,της by other Researchers. Δημόσιο είναι ανάλογη αδυναμίας του ιδιωτικού να προσφέρει θέσεις cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more εργασίας.

Since then, the several scholars andthe for its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized below, from various Παράλληλα, ταissue κάθεhas μορφής προνόμια, απαλλαγές, έλλειψη «πολιτικής comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various βούλησης για πάταξη της φοροδιαφυγής» και εξάλειψη της παραοικονομίας interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: αντικατοπτρίζουν συχνά τις is δυσκολίες των και μικροσκοπικών In a sense, the phenomenon due to a trend of aμικρών new category of social groups επιχειρήσεων ναcity, επιβιώσουν, τεχνολογικό και to “return” to the leaving the χωρίς purlieusοικονομίες for several κλίμακας, reasons: high costs in money οργανωτικό εκσυγχρονισμό. Έτσι, τα έσοδα υπολείπονται and time to travel from the purlieus to δημόσια downtown, where work place συστηματικά is, lack of the 1.of The termat comes fromΦΠΑ), Sociologist 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS wasbetter born in (φόρος εισοδήματος και όσο Ruth κι ανGLASS, επιβαρύνονται υπέρογκα οι μισθωτοί, sense safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, for Berlin, where she made herτο first studies.

In 1932 published an important study entitled: εφόσον αποτελούν μόνο 50% περίπου τωνshe απασχολουμένων. services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for Επίσης, οιof, υψηλές κοινωνικές δαπάνες γιαeasier συντάξεις σχετίζονται με την lower living cost “withdrawal” from private access to markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and car New York she came back to London, «ανάγκη» αύξησης του οικογενειακού εισοδήματος, τοshe χαμηλό όριο ηλικίας in According 1943 she published studies regarding city planning. Inενώ 1950 teacher in the to another approach, the phenomenon is due tobecame a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public action and των συνταξιοδοτούμενων συνδέεται με τις δυνατότητες συμπληρωματικής long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. απασχόλησης των συνταξιούχων μέσα στο πλαίσιο της παραοικονομίας. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCo depreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student,

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Student of the School of Architecture Technical University of Crete

24

1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept 1. Introductory approach: the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444great BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise όλα heritage he left us, he established Γενικότερα, τα προαναφερόμενα μπορούν aνα εξηγηθούν από the το among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. the γεγονός ότι η ελληνική οικονομία παράγει χαμηλό προϊόν κατ’ απασχολούμενο, acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts.

Based, on this first, if of not final, approach, the term λόγω του therefore, τεχνολογικού και “principle” οργανωτικού aτης ελλείμματος, το οποίο οφείλεται 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term urbanκεφαλαιακή gentrification) is indicated στην (in theαπόλυτη area of Planning) (or gentrification στην ιστορικά(and χαμηλή συσσώρευση, έκθεση της 1 (and gentrification urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or Sociology well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from (in various ελληνικής as οικονομίας στον διεθνή ανταγωνισμό, σε συνδυασμό με this, την αντίσταση Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups,και usually of low-income and the placement there ofτους artists, σε κάθε νεωτερισμό προσαρμογή. Η κατάσταση αυτή διόγκωσε μη ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless of διεθνώς εμπορεύσιμους κλάδους, όπως οι κατασκευές, και καθήλωσε τους the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the διεθνώς εμπορεύσιμους (βιομηχανία, γεωργία), με αποτέλεσμα την καχεξία τωνof whatever other consequences results alsoτου rising of landπληρωμών. prices (and the potential relative speculation). εξαγωγικών επιδόσεων της χώραςhas, και το έλλειμμα ισοζυγίου potential relative speculation).

TheΣυμπερασματικά, term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s andτων it refers to θα μπορούσε να υποστηριχθεί ότι, πέραν άλλων The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas of παθογενειών που προαναφέρθηκαν, η ανεπάρκεια των εισοδημάτων σε σχέση μεto theκαταναλωτικές then observed trend wealthy people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes and thus old residents areof τις απαιτήσεις, προκάλεσε μια τεράστια κοινωνική και πολιτική London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being “squeezed”. να εφαρμόσουν επεκτατική δημοσιονομική και πίεση indirectly στις κυβερνήσεις being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this προκειμένου phenomenonνα is included inτις theκαταναλωτικές work of Sociologist Ruth εισοδηματική πολιτική, καλύψουν συνήθειες description ofperiod, this is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at εμπεδωθεί the same while similar in other major που A έχουν στηνphenomenon ελληνική κοινωνία.

GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities inΤαυτόχρονα, Western countries, by other Researchers. η υπερβάλλουσα ζήτηση, σε σχέση με την εγχώρια παραγωγή, cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has several scholars and for more συντηρούσε πληθωρισμό υψηλότερο του Μ.Ο. στην Ε.Ε. αύξανε τοitsκόστος Since then, the issue has several below, scholars and for various its more comprehensive approach are being ανταγωνιστικότητα summarized from the παραγωγής, μείωνε συνεχώς τηpreoccupied διεθνή και το έλλειμμα του comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various ισοζυγίου εξωτερικών πληρωμών. interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: interpretations the phenomenon theκαι, following: υπερδανεισμός, έτσι,is ήταν αναπόφευκτος ότανof social αυτός groups έγινε In aΟsense, theof phenomenon dueof togentrification, a trend of a new category «ακριβός» της for παγκόσμιας κρίσης,high η χώρα οδηγήθηκε to “return”(επιτόκια to the city,ομολόγων) leaving theλόγω purlieus several reasons: costs in money σε χρεωκοπία. and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for was bornηin Ο μόνος δρόμος εξόδου από το φαύλο κύκλο τουcentres, υπερδανεισμού είναι sense1.of safety the distributed residencies outside town better Berlin, where made her first και studies.

In 1932 she published an important entitled: ανάπτυξη μεsheτεχνολογικό οργανωτικό εκσυγχρονισμό της study ελληνικής services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for οικονομίας, με εξωστρέφεια, προτεραιότητα στη γνώση, άνοιγμα των αγορών lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access to markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came back to London, στον ανταγωνισμό καιstudies δομικές μεταρρυθμίσεις στο Κράτος καιtobecame την Κοινωνία. in According 1943 she published regarding cityphenomenon planning.

In 1950 she teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public action and Προϋπόθεση για να επιτευχθούν όλα τα παραπάνω είναι η συνεννόηση των long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. πολιτικών καιCOLLINS των κοινωνικών Εξάλλου οofμόνος σίγουρος τρόπος and selling real estate, etc., for theCoδυνάμεων. depreciation initially part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: μείωσης του βάρους του χρέους είναι η αύξηση της εγχώριας παραγωγής.

G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification ΤΕΧΝΕΣ ΚΑΙ ΠΟΛΙΤΙΣΜΟΣ ΣΤΑ ΙΟΝΙΑ ΝΗΣΙΑ Concerns

Η ΠΡΟΣΦΟΡΑ ΤΟΥ ΤΕΧΝΟΛΟΓΙΚΟΥ ΕΚΠΑΙΔΕΥΤΙΚΟΥ ΙΔΡΥΜΑΤΟΣByΙΟΝΙΩΝ ΝΗΣΩΝ Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student,

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Του Καθηγητού κ. Ιωάν. ΔΡΑΓΩΝΑ Student of the School of Architecture Προέδρου Τ.Ε.Ι. University Ιονίων Νήσων Technical of Crete

1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, Το Τεχνολογικό Εκπαιδευτικό Ίδρυμα Ιονίων Νήσων, συνεχίζει με ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC και -“principle”: 370την BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the αμείωτο ενδιαφέρον την προσπάθεια γύρω από την έρευνα ανάδειξη among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great “principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with the definition of the content of concepts. του επτανησιακού πολιτισμού. acquisition of knowledge starts with the definition of the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term Η ενασχόληση του Ιδρύματος μας με θέματα του πολιτισμού, 1 (and urban Based, therefore, this “principle” inindicated a first, ifτων notthe final, approach, term gentrification) is (in area of Planning) (or gentrification επιβάλλεται, εφ’ όσονonτα γνωστικά αντικείμενα τμημάτων μας, the μεταξύ 1 (and gentrification urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various άλλων, αφορούν την τέχνη συνδυασμένη με την τεχνολογία, την αναγνώριση Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, και διαχείριση της πολιτισμικής κληρονομιάς καθώς και την αποκατάσταση ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However “change”, regardless of και προστασία μνημείων και έργων τέχνης. the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless of whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the Η προσπάθεια αυτή έχει ως αποδέκτες πέρα από τους φοιτητές και το whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative εκπαιδευτικό μας προσωπικό, την τοπική αλλά και ευρύτερη κοινωνία. potential relative speculation).

TheΗterm gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to της επτανησιακής χάρη πρωτοβουλία The ανάδειξη term gentrification found atτέχνης first in ξεκίνησε the UK in earlyστην 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy people to buy property in poor της προηγούμενης Διοικούσας Επιτροπής καιtoτον Πρόεδρό της Καθηγητή, κ. the then observed trend of wealthy people buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof Ναπολέοντα Μαραβέγια με τη δημιουργία του κέντρου Κων/νος Παρθένης London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. στον όμορφο και“squeezed”. ιστορικό τόπο της Πεσσάδας, που βρισκόμαστε σήμερα. being indirectly A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth αποψινή of βραδιά αποτελεί συνέχεια της εκδήλωσης «Η τέχνη Ruth της A Ηdescription this phenomenon is situations included inwere the work of Sociologist GLASS at the same period, while similar recorded in other major επτανησιακής σχολής τον 18 καιsimilar 19 αιώνα», η οποία είχε λάβειinχώρα στην GLASS at the same period, while situations were recorded other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. αίθουσα του Πανεπιστημίου Αθηνών «Κωστής Παλαμάς» cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has several scholarsκαι andσυγκέντρωσε for its more το ενδιαφέρον της επιστημονικής και εκπαιδευτικής κοινότητας.

Since then, the issue has several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized from Η επαφή του Τεχνολογικού Εκπαιδευτικού Ιδρύματος με τον πολιτισμό comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: των Επτανήσων ξεκίνησε αρχικά σε συνεργασία με τις τοπικές κοινωνίες των interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new category of social groups καλλιτεχνικούς φορείς και νησιών μας, επεκτάθηκε σε επιστημονικούς και to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money τώρα κορυφώνεται με την κατάρτιση συμφώνων συνεργασίας με and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the εκπαιδευτικούς φορείς όπως το Πανεπιστήμιο Πειραιά, το Πάντειο termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, where sheτο made her first studies. In και 1932 published anΗimportant studyμας entitled: Πανεπιστήμιο, Ιόνιο Πανεπιστήμιο τοshe ΤΕΙ Αθήνας. συνεργασία δε services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for αυτή επεκτείνεται και σε ευρωπαϊκά Πανεπιστήμια. lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc. studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back to London, where ΤοsheΊδρυμά μας που είναιthe τοphenomenon πνευματικό επιφανούς in According 1943 published studies regarding city planning.

In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, is τέκνο due aτου systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public action and οραματιστή Κεφαλλονίτη, Υπουργού Γεράσιμου Αρσένη, ιδρύθηκε για να long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. υλοποιήσει τις προσδοκίες του επτανησιακού ελληνισμού για τεχνολογική and selling real estate, etc., for the depreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. COLLINS SONS AND Co Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: καιhttp://www.uncanny.net/ ανάπτυξη.

Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: wetzel/gentry.htm aπρόοδο, varietyεκπαίδευση, of ways, in καινοτομία order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

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TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP.AN. AN./ R.DEC. / R.DEC.ADM. ADM.LOC. LOC.DEV. DEV.REG. REG./ R. / R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC.GOV. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. DEV. E¶.

GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns Προσδίδουμε μεγάλη σημασία στην εξωστρέφεια του Ιδρύματος μας και

στην ανάγκη για διαρκή όσμωση με όσο το δυνατόν μεγαλύτερο κομμάτι της κοινωνίας.

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Πρόσφατα άλλωστε, είχαμε την ιδιαίτερη τιμή να αναγορεύσουμε τον Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, Πρόεδρο της Δημοκρατίας και Καθηγητή Προκόπη Παυλόπουλο σεArchitect επίτιμο

By Mr. κ.

George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Καθηγητή του ΤΕΙ Ιονίων νήσων, γεγονός που ενίσχυσε θεσμικά το κύρος Student of the School of Architecture του Ιδρύματος.

Technical University of Crete Η δύσκολη εποχή την οποία διανύουμε μας καλεί να προσαρμοστούμε 1. Introductory approach: Defining theσυμβάλλουμε concept στις νέες συνθήκες και ανάγκες για να αποτελεσματικά στην 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), πρόοδο και την εξέλιξη χώρας.

ANTISTHENIS, theτης ancient Greek philosopher, ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 μας BC, Athens), among wise heritage he left us,περιορισμένων he established(444 a great the Ηother ορθολογική αξιοποίηση των οικονομικών πόρων, other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatτης the acquisition of knowledge startshe with of τα theθέματα content of“principle”: concepts. ηamong συνεχής και επίμονη δραστηριότητά γύρω από έρευνας και acquisition of knowledge starts with the definition of the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term του πολιτισμού, καθώς και η τελευταία θετική εξωτερική αξιολόγηση, μας 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” inindicated a first, ifότι notηthe final, approach, gentrification) is (in area of Planning) (or gentrification επιτρέπουν να αισιοδοξούμε και να ελπίζουμε, πολιτεία αλλάthe καιterm η 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, theνα removal from this,με(inαμείωτο various επτανησιακή κοινωνία θα μας ενισχύσουν ώστε συνεχίσουμε, Sociology asτην well), as the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement ενδιαφέρον προσπάθεια μας. ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants,Ίδρυμα etc. However thisνήσων “change”, regardless of Το Τεχνολογικό Εκπαιδευτικό Ιονίων έχει αποδείξει the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the εμπράκτως την τεράστια δυναμική του όπως αποτυπώνεται από τηνof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative ιδιαιτέρως θετική Αξιολόγηση που συνέταξαν πρόσφατα διακεκριμένοι potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early and it refersτη to Έλληνες και Ξένοι αξιολογητές. Αποτελεί χρέος μας να1960s αξιοποιήσουμε The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor δυναμική αυτή προς όφελος της ακαδημαϊκής μας κοινότητας και των the then observed trend of wealthy sometimes people to buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves and thus old residents areof τοπικών κοινωνιών των νησιών μας. sometimesthere London, upgrade them, stay themselves there and thus old residents are being indirectly Για άλλη“squeezed”. μια φορά, θέλουμε να εκφράσουμε την ευγνωμοσύνη μας being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description this phenomenon is included Γεράσιμου in the work of Sociologist Ruth απέναντι στην of οικογένεια του αείμνηστου η οποία A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded workΑρσένη, of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major γενναιόδωρα καθιέρωσε τραπεζικό λογαριασμό στη recorded μνήμη του για major την GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were in other cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. χορήγηση υποτροφιών στοbyόνομά του, με αποτέλεσμα να συγκεντρωθεί το cities in Western countries, other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more ποσόSince των 50.000 ευρώ περίπου. then, the issue has several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized from Η προσφορά αυτή θαare αξιοποιηθεί επωφελώςbelow, για την ανάδειξη του comprehensive approach being summarized from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: Ιδρύματος προάγοντας την αριστεία και τη διεύρυνση των ακαδημαϊκών interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups οριζόντων των φοιτητών μας. to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money Σαςtoευχαριστώ εύχομαι να απολαύσετε αποψινό and time travel fromκαι theσας purlieus to downtown, whereτο work place ταξίδι is, lackστους of the δρόμους της επτανησιακής επιστήμης και τέχνης, μέσα από τα κείμενα των termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for was born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, better Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: ομιλητών που ακολουθούν. services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for Σας ευχαριστώ πολύ . lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public action and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: Προσλαλιά σεinΣυνέδριο περί Ιονίων Νήσων, Πεσσάδα, 2016.

G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

26

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TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP.AN. AN./ R.DEC. / R.DEC.ADM. ADM.LOC. LOC.DEV. DEV.REG. REG./ R. / R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC.GOV. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. DEV. E¶.

GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student,

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Student of the School of Architecture Technical University of Crete

1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept 1. Introductory approach: the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term (or gentrification (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more Since then, the issue has several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized from comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new category of social groups to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public action and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually 252127 11

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TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP.AN. AN./ R.DEC. / R.DEC.ADM. ADM.LOC. LOC.DEV. DEV.REG. REG./ R. / R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC.GOV. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. DEV. E¶.

GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student,

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Student of the School of Architecture Technical University of Crete

1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept 1. Introductory approach: the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term (or gentrification (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more Since then, the issue has several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized from comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new category of social groups to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public action and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

28

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TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP.AN. AN./ R.DEC. / R.DEC.ADM. ADM.LOC. LOC.DEV. DEV.REG. REG./ R. / R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC.GOV. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. DEV. E¶.

GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student,

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Student of the School of Architecture Technical University of Crete

1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept 1. Introductory approach: the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term (or gentrification (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more Since then, the issue has several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized from comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new category of social groups to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public action and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually 252129 11

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student,

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Student of the School of Architecture Technical University of Crete

1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept 1. Introductory approach: the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term (or gentrification (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more Since then, the issue has several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized from comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new category of social groups to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public action and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

30

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student,

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Student of the School of Architecture Technical University of Crete

1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept 1. Introductory approach: the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term (or gentrification (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more Since then, the issue has several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized from comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new category of social groups to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public action and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually 252131 11

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

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By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student,

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Student of the School of Architecture Technical University of Crete

1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept 1. Introductory approach: the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term (or gentrification (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more Since then, the issue has several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized from comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new category of social groups to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public action and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student,

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Student of the School of Architecture Technical University of Crete

1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept 1. Introductory approach: the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term (or gentrification (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more Since then, the issue has several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized from comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new category of social groups to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public action and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually 62

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student,

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Student of the School of Architecture Technical University of Crete

1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept 1. Introductory approach: the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term (or gentrification (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more Since then, the issue has several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized from comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new category of social groups to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public action and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

34

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns Prodromos MAVRIDIS: Prodromos MAVRIDIS:

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Les Turcs dans l’Union Les Turcs l’Union Harvard University, Graduate Schooldans of Design, Student, C. ATHANASSOPOULOS européenne. Réflexions sur la By Mr. George-Sp. européenne.

Réflexions Architect sur la Student of the School of Architecture préémininence du droit. préémininence du droit.

Technical University of Crete 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept La de l’éventuelle adhésion The question of Turkey’s possible 1.question Introductory approach: the concept ANTISTHENIS, thealimente ancientDefining Greek BCUnion - 370 BC, Athens), de la Turquie à l’ Union une philosopher, accession(444 to the is fuelling a ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the controverse passionnelle qui, trop heated controversy, which is too often, a among other wise heritage he left us, he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with the content concepts. souvent, se nourrit d’a priori dictés parthe definition priori, of dictated by ideology and indeed acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition of the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if not final, approach, the term l’idéologie, voire par les fantasmes et le both fantasy and fanaticism. In his 1 (and urban Based,Professeur therefore, on this “principle” inindicated a first, ifto not final, approach, the term gentrification) is (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification fanatisme. de droit àParis X this book, Antoine Lyon1 (and urban gentrification) ispreface gentrification indicated (in the area of Planning) (or Sociologyetasdirecteur well), asd’études the “refining” of a city area, thearemoval this,at (inParis various Nanterre à l’École Caen, lecturerfrom in law X Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social usually of low-income and theand placement there of artists, de hautes étudesgroups, en sciences sociales, Nanterre Director of Studies at the ways), ofLyon-Caen social groups, usually of low-income anddethe placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.École However this “change”, regardless of Antoine le confirme dès hautes études en sciences the operation ofconsequences art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this whatever has,à results also rising of “change”, land (and theof l’entame deother la préface qu’il a donnée sociales, confirms thisprices fromregardless the outset whatever other consequences alsoherising of land prices benefits (and the potential relative speculation). cet ouvrage, lorsqu ’il relève quehas, la results when explains that Turkey potential relative Turquie du speculation). «triste privilège» the «sad privilege» of creating «the The bénéficie term gentrification is foundde at first infrom the UK in early 1960s and it refers to The«la term found first in the UK in earlyof1960s and itareas refers susciter plusgentrification richetrend floraison de lieuxatpeople richest flourishing commonplaces and the then observed ofiswealthy to buy property in poor ofto the then observed trend wealthy people to there buyideas property in poor areas communs, ces idées sommaires, sans sometimes summary in analytical London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and lacking thus old residents areof London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are fondement analytique qui, pour cette foundations, which for this reason, being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”. raison, circulent sans retenue». Ά circulate, in an illogical fashion».

Some A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth A description this phenomenon included the recorded work Ruth entendre lesthe uns, la of Turquie admise en is situations punditsin would have of us Sociologist believe GLASS at same period, while similar were in otherTurkish major Europe ne serait rien d’autre qu’un accession to Europe would be no less GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. «cheval de Troie islamiste»; d’autres leur than bringing in an «Islamic Trojan cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more rétorquent, sur the le issue même mode horse»; other commentators respond in Since then, has preoccupied several scholars andthe for its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from various abominablement simpliste, que s’ouvrir an otherwise but equally and comprehensive approach are being summarized from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thebelow, following: aux Européens reviendrait à ouvrir lesof gentrification, abominably simplistic way by claiming interpretations of the phenomenon the following: In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new category of social groups portes de la Turquie aux «croisés des that opening up to the Europeans would to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money temps modernes». Ce n’est pas sur le mean opening Turkey’s doors to «the and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the terrain de ces anathèmes croisés, aussi crusades of the modern age». It is not on termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside townofcentres, stériles que dangereux, qu’entend se torn and equally Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932this she terrain published an important study sterile entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) situer MAVRIDIS, même and and dangerous anathema thatfor YouthProdromos Unemployment.

The same year she left Germany after continuous movements lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private car access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and Neweasier York she came to back to London, s’il reconnaît être parti du principe, pour Prodromos MAVRIDIS intends to in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due adoes systematic and rédiger cet ouvrage, qu’une adhésion de tread, even though he acknowledge University College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public action and long-term effort by servir organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying la Turquie àinformal l’Union «pourrait his editing of this her work are characterized by a passionde for justice.that See the also:principle COLLINSfor ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit.

Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

The Free Encyclopedia: trait d’union pour une meilleure book is WIKIPEDIA: based on the idea that Turkey’s G. ALEXANDRI: Abstract. http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order to achieve theaccession “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually compréhension des différentes to the Union «could act as a 64

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

cultures». En l’occurrence, ce qui est bridge for greater understanding of intéressant n’est pas tant le fruit de sa different cultures». In this case, what is réflexion personelle que le chemin interesting is not so much the fruit of his intellectuel qu’il emprunte pour l’étayer. personal reflection so much as the Arrivé à la Commission européenne intellectual path he has trodden in order comme stagiaire dans le cabinet du to back up his thesis.

Delors, l’auteur en est aujourd ’hui l’un The author originally started as a des hauts fonctionnaires, spécialiste By Mr. George-Sp. trainee at President Delors’ cabinet at C. ATHANASOPOULOS reconnu de la libre circulation et deUniversity, la the European Commission and is now Harvard Graduate School of Design, Student, C. ATHANASSOPOULOS sécurité sociale à la DG Emploi, Affaires By Mr. George-Sp. one of the senior officials and recognised Architect Student of freedom the School of Architecture sociales et Égalité des chances. C’est sur experts in the of movement and Technical University of Crete la base de son expertise que ce juriste social security at DG Employment, qui, non content de fréquenter Social Affairs and Equal Opportunities.

1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept assidûment la Cour de justice, enseigne It is on the basis of his expertise that this 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek aussi dans trois Universités françaises - a philosopher, legal expert, who not content to ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -his 370time BC, Athens), among other wise left us, he established a great “principle”: bâti sa plaidoirie, en heritage partant duhe constat exlusively(444 spend at the among other wise he left us,definition heEuropean established a great the que la prééminence du heritage droitstarts constitue lethe Court of Justice and teaching acquisition of knowledge with of the content of“principle”: concepts. acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts. «fondement de l’ordre public three French yniversities - has Based, therefore, on this “principle” aatfirst, if of not final, approach, thechosen term 1lequel Based, therefore, on this “principle” inindicated a first, if (in not final, approach, the européen», implique des to launch his appeal, on term the (and urban gentrification) is the area of based Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification «limitations à la souveraineté nationale» observation that the pre-eminence of law Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city constitutes area, from this, of (inartists, various dans leofprocessus d’intégration the «basis of European public ways), social groups, usually ofqui low-income andthe theremoval placement there ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, valent tant pour les États membres que order», which implies «limitations to the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless pour les pays candidats. Ά l’aune de ce resultsnational sovereignty the process ofof whatever other consequences has, also rising of land in prices (and the whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land (and the constat, il explore brièvement la question integration applying toprices member states potential relative speculation). depotential savoir cerelative qu’est réellement «État countries In the speculation).

The term gentrification is un found at first inand the and UKcanditate in early 1960s andalike. it refers to européen» etgentrification ce que veut dire light of this observation, briefly The term foundlaatpeople first in the UK in early 1960s andheitareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor «capacité d’intégration», mais il observe explores theproperty question really is aof the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy inwhat poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus of old residents are surtout que l’Union, «fondée sur la «European state» and «integration London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. prééminence du droit, est tenue de capacity».

Above all, he points out that being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth respecter sesthe engagements la is situations the Union «based onof theSociologist pre-eminence» A description ofperiod, thisvis-à-vis phenomenon included inwere the work Ruth GLASS at same whiledesimilar recorded in other major Turquie», tous sessame engagements depuis of law and «isrecorded bidden to respect its GLASS at the period, while similar situations were in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. l’Accord d’association d’Ankara qui, en commitments to Turkey», including all of cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more 1963,Since avait prévu la réalisation graduelle those made since the Ankara then, the issue has several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized from decomprehensive la libre circulation travailleurs, ainsi Association Agreement, which, in 1963, approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: que l’élimination des restrictions à la planned for the gradual accomplishment interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups liberté d’établissement et à la libre of free movement of labour, as well as the to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money prestation des services, ouvrant même la scrapping of restrictions on the freedom and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place lack of the possibilité d’envisager, à terme, une of establishment and freeis,provision of 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, adhésion de la Turquie.

Ces intentions services.

It even included the possibility Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment the heart ofthe thelong-term, city”,movements (possibly) ont étéUnemployment. ensuite concrétisées le left Germany of“at envisaging, Turkishfor Youth The samedans year she and afterincontinuous lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc. studies and research in entré Geneva, New YorkThese she came back to London, where Protocole additionnel enPrague, vigueurLondon and accession. intentions were then in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and en 1973 - qui a été ponctué par further made official in the Additional University College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public action and long-term informal effortdouanière by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers offorce buying l’achèvementy de l’Union which entered into in her work are characterized by a passionle for justice.Protocol, See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate,- etc., for thetrois depreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 3110th décembre 1995 et dans 1973 andWIKIPEDIA: characterised by the conclusion edit. Wil. SONS AND Co Ltd. London 2009.

The Free Encyclopedia: Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: Abstract. http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm adécisions variety of in order to achieve theof “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually duways, Conseil d’association the Customs Union of 31 December

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

relatives aux droits sociaux des 1995. Three decisions by the Association travailleurs turcs. Curieusement, deux de Council on Turkish social and labour law ces décisions n’ont jamais été publiées au were also added to these achievements.

Journal officiel, et la troisième ne l’a été Curiously, two of these decisions have qu’au titre de «communication», pas de never been published in the Official «législation», ce qui laissait aux États Journal and the third was only published membres les mains libres pour agir à leur as a «communication» and not guise. C’était compter sans l’intervention By Mr. «legislation» which left it up to member George-Sp.,C. ATHANASOPOULOS de la Cour européenne de Harvard justice qui, to interpret as Student, they so University,states Graduate School of them Design, alors que ces différents textes ne By Mr. George-Sp. ATHANASSOPOULOS wished. ThisC.failed to countArchitect on the semblaient pas contraignants, a Student ofof the School of Architecture intervention the European Court of Technical University oftexts Crete commencé, à partir de 1987, à les Justice (given that these different interpréter de manière extensive, en did not appear binding), which, as from 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept veillant à ce que le droit communautaire 1987, began to subject them to extensive 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient devienne, pour les travailleurs turcs,Greek «un philosopher, interpretation and ensure that ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370for BC, rempart contrewise les lois du marché, qui among other heritage he left us, he established a great the Community(444 law became, allAthens), Turkish among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition heworkers, established a great font du migrant un homme jetable après against the laws the of acquisition of knowledge startshe with of «a therampart content of“principle”: concepts. acquisition starts with theindefinition the content of concepts. emploi».

Enof knowledge clair, onauthis fil“principle” d’une market, which turns immigrants into Based, therefore, athe first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 (and Based, therefore, on this inindicated a first, if (in not final, approach, term cinquantaine d’arrêts qui“principle” sont something tothe throw away after the work is urban gentrification) is area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification commentés par l’auteur au même titre done».

Following around fifty rulings, Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Sociology as well), the “refining” of a citycommented area, from this, of (in various que tousof lessocial accords deas base, la Courofa fait on by the author, as artists, he also ways), groups, usually low-income andthe theremoval placement there ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, en sorte que l’Accord d’association does with all the other basic agreements, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of the operation ofintégrante art galleries,durestaurants, etc.

However “change”, regardless devienne partie droit the European Court Justice, decided whatever other consequences has, results also risingthis of landofprices (and theof communautaire et aspeculation). ainsi permis quehas, les results whatever other consequences also of land prices (and the that therising Association Agreement should potential relative travailleurs turcs puissent s’éloigner partand of Community potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found«de at first inbecome the UKan in integral early 1960s it refers to law allow Turkish l’extranéité pourgentrification pénétrer, partiellement, The term found atpeople first in the UKsubsequently in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy toand buy property in poor workers to come in from the cold dans le cercle des citoyens de l’Union». the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents«and areof partially, penetrate the circle of citizens D’où ce commentaire du Pr. Lyon-Caen: London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. of the Union».

This explains why «L’on mesure mieux, grâce à cet ouvrage, being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth Professor Lyon-Caen that, ce qu’apporte un processus de is situations A description ofperiod, this phenomenon included inwere the work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar recorded inasserts other major «thanks towere this book, we are bettermajor able juridification, tel que celui dont les Turcs GLASS at the same period, while similar situations recorded in other cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. measure how this judicial process has ont pu tirer profit». countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western Since then, the issue has preoccupiedtoseveral scholars and for its more been of benefit to Turkish Toutefois, de par ces Accord, Since then, the issue has several scholars andcitizens». for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized below, from the Nonetheless, via these agreements, in Protocole et décisions tels qu»interprétes comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: addition to the protocol and decisions par la Cour de justice, la question se pose interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups interpreted by the European Court of aussi de savoir si la Turquie, en outre to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus forJustice, severalthere reasons: high costs in money is also the question of nantie désormais de son statut de pays and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lackfrom of the whether Turkey, now benefiting its candidat, témoigne de la même 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, status as candidate country, is subject to considération que l’Union pour «l’ordre Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, entertainmentthe “atsame the heart of the city”, the (possibly) Unionfor public baséeducation, surThe la prééminence Youtheuropéen Unemployment. same year she left Germany andconsideration after continuousasmovements lower living costquestion, of, in “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc. studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back to public London, where with regard to, «European order du droit».

Cette Prodromos in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and based on the pre-eminence of law».

MAVRIDIS ne l’élude pas, bien au University College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public action and long-termluiinformal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers does of buying MAVRIDIS not contraire, instruit ce dossier avec la her work arequi characterized by a passion for justice.Prodromos See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling real estate, etc., for the depreciation initially of part of the urban web, in attempt evade the question and, on the 10th edit.

Wil. COLLINS SONS AND Co Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: même méticulosité juridique. Examen Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: Abstract. http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a variety of ways, in order to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually contrary, tackles it with the same réussi? Des carences restent patentes 66

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student,

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Student of the School of Architecture Technical University of Crete

1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept 1. Introductory approach: the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” ameticulous first, if of not final, approach, the as term judicial approach he 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification (and urban gentrification) is indicated tackles the rest of the book.

Does he pull 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various off? There are obviously glaring Turkish Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city shortcomings, area, the removal from this,the (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of which is why author dans le chef d’Ankara. D’où la bonne ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art etc.cites, However “change”, regardless of as partthis of his conclusion, an idea put idée de l’auteur de galleries, citer, en restaurants, guise de the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless of whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the forward by Jacques Delors at the conclusion, un propos tenu par Jacques whatever othereuropéen consequences also rising of land prices (and«for the potential relative speculation).

European College of Palma in 2005, Delors au Collège de Parmehas, en results potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to Turkey, it is a question of whether the 2005: «Pour la Turquie, la question est de The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to European Union, in the face of rising the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas of savoir si l’Union européenne, devant la the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas of fundamentalism, rejection of otherness London,des upgrade them, stay montée intégrismes, duthemselves rejet de sometimes there and thus old residents are London, them, stay themselves sometimes there attacks, and thus old are and violent has residents to say no, l’autre et laupgrade violence des attentats, doit being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”. definitively.

If it did, we would be direA non, définitivement non.

En agissant is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth description of this phenomenon A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the work ofthat Sociologist Ruth reinforcing therecorded feeling Christian ainsi, nous le sentiment GLASS atrenforcerions the same while que similar in the other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major world rejects the Muslim world.

Should le monde chrétien rejette by le other monde cities in Western countries, Researchers. we not be sendingand outfor a different cities in Western countries, by other musulman.

Est-ce qu’il faut pasResearchers.

Since then, the issuene has preoccupied several scholars its more message that demonstrates our Since then, the issue has several below, scholars andthe foropenness its more donner le signe contraire, montrant notre comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized from various of spirit, our passion through respect for ouverture d’esprit, notre passion par le comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: others and their convictions, in favour of respect autres de leurs convictions, interpretations of the phenomenon thecategory following: In ades sense, theet phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups the path of dialogue and mutual pour le chemin dialogue la to “return” to thedu city, leaving et thedepurlieus for several reasons: high costs in money recognition? This is what the European reconnaissance mutuelle?

C’est ce qu’a and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the Council has done byGLASS saying yes to fait le1.Conseil disant oui à laRuth GLASS, termeuropéen from Sociologist 1912-1940.

Ruth search wasbetter born in sense ofThe safety atcomes the distributed residencies outside town centres, for negotiations.

No more than that.

It is up négociation.

Pas plus.her Ά first chacun de In 1932 she published an important study entitled: Berlin, where she studies. services of health,made education, entertainment heart of the city”,that (possibly) to“at allthe of us to demonstrate we canfor Youth Unemployment. same year she left Germany and after continuous movements démontrer que l’on peutThe vivre ensemble, lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back to London, live together, in a spirit of diversity, dans un esprit de différences et sous in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and subject to bona fide rules acceptable to l’emprise des règlesofdu jeu acceptées parcontinued University College London, where she her social research.

Her public action and long-term informal by organized groups, The manufacturers, brokers of test will still need toDICTIONARY. bebuying taken, tous.

Le test reste effort à faire, cours her work are characterized by a au passion for justice.all.

See also: COLLINS ENGLISH and selling real estate, etc., for the depreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit.

Wil. COLLINS SONS AND Co Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: precisely through negotiations». précisément des négociations».

G. ALEXANDRI: Abstract. http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually Michel Theys Michel Theys

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Towards more financial stability and European integration: the role of Definition, Types of intervention, Concerns of Gentrification the European Investment Plan Concerns Helen KAVVADIA Abstract

Senior Adviser European Investment Bank

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS

Since the establishment of the single monetary policy and introduction of the euro, it is Harvard University, Graduate School ofintegration.

Design, Student, pertinent to investigate the link between financial stability and European

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect

Is there a complementarity between the two or are financial and of integration a Student of stability the School Architecture contradiction in terms? In other words, isn’t a search for a highly integrated financial Technical University of Crete system that would strengthen stability a bit like a search for the Holy Grail?

Investment has been approach: the cementing elementthe of EU integration, institutions and policies – in 1. Introductory Defining concept brief,1.inIntroductory creating more approach: Europe. More concretely, investment in people, in knowledge and in Defining the concept ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444position BC - 370 BC, Athens), physical assets, to ensure that Europe preserves its role and in the world.

The ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -is“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he even left us, he established aEurope great current crisis transcends national, continental borders.(444 reminded of the its amongon other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established aconsequences; greatof“principle”: the severity a daily basis.

Record unemployment is oneofofthe thecontent shrinking acquisition of knowledge startshe with concepts. public budgets financial austerity theifrun-up to the current recession acquisition of and knowledge starts withanother. theindefinition of the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a In first, not final, approach, the term investment by 5-6%on a year.

Exporters and buyers this expansion,the which 1 (and Based,grew therefore, this “principle” inhome a first, if (in notdrove final, approach, term urban gentrification) is indicated the area of Planning) (or gentrification ended in 2008. 1Since then, the lack of investment has been a main source of demand gentrification (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or Sociology asthe well), as the Union. “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various weakness in European

Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement A collapse of investment activity of this magnitude has inevitable repercussions for ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art in galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless economic expansion the longer term. If productive capital stocks do not grow – indeed, ifof the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever consequences has, results rising ofshrink. land prices (and theof they are notother even maintained – EU growth potentialalso will inevitably whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative A revival of investment activity is therefore crucial to the long-term growth prospects of potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification found first in the UK is in access early 1960s and it refers Europe. One precondition forissuch an at investment revival to reasonably pricedto The for term gentrification found atpeople first in UKconsolidation in early 1960s and itareas refers funding long-term projects.

The process of the fiscal national and the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property inatpoor ofto European level has already placed a severe restriction on public budgets – and will the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof continue toupgrade do so in them, the medium term. This pressure means thatand the thus EU has find waysare London, stay themselves sometimes there oldtoresidents being indirectly “squeezed”. to achieve more with less. In particular, at European level, one needs to ensure that a being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description thistophenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth limited EU budget isofused maximum effect.

A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major The need of a bridge between ample liquidity on one side, and investment opportunities on GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by at other Researchers. the other, was clearly perceived EU level.

This has indeed been the philosophy behind cities in Western countries, bydesign otherofResearchers.

Since then, the issue has preoccupied scholars and for more the European Investment Bank’s a seriesseveral of new financial products.

Lastits addition Since then, the issue has several scholars and for(EIB its more to the financial tool-kit, is the InnovFin rangesummarized of products, which the EIB Group and comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being below, from the various EIF) together with the European Commission launched in 2014 in support of research, comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: development and innovation across Europe. interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups The EU project bond initiative launched in 2012 is also seen as a means to go in ahead in to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs money the current circumstances. As it does not impose an additional burden on domestic and time sovereign to travel debt fromorthe purlieusliabilities. to downtown, where work place is, lack of the budgets, contingent termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, ABerlin, bridge at she a significant bigger scaleIn to better connect liquidity and study investment where made her first studies.

1932 she published an important entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) opportunities in EuropeThe came though as left an Germany essential and part after of the Investment Plan putfor Youth Unemployment. same year she continuous movements lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” car access to markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, Neweasier York she came back to London, forward by the Commission is to setfrom upLondon a private newand European Fund for Strategic Investment in 1943 she published studies regarding city planning.

In 1950 she became teacher in the According to another approach, the phenomenon is due to a systematic and (EFSI), which seeks very much to draw upon the above mentioned collective experience.

University College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public action and This will be a dedicated Fund, managed and hosted by the European Investment Bank long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work characterized byEIB a passion forEuropean justice. See also: COLLINS DICTIONARY. (EIB) and are co-financed the anddepreciation the Commission.

TheENGLISH purpose of the newin and selling realCOLLINS estate,byetc., for the initially of part of the urban web, 10th edit.

SONS Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: Fund is to Wil. complement currentAND EIBCo Group activities by focusing exclusively on strategic Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm ainvestments variety ofthat ways, in order Abstract. to Europe’s achieve the “assisted”, (actually are necessary for return to growth. “voluntary”, 252139 11

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

All the new European financial instruments mentioned, and ranging from risk finance for innovation under InnovFin to midcap loans, from innovative climate funds to trade finance, address projects with higher risk profiles, address market gaps, open up to new client groups, and reflect changing policy priorities and Member States’ financing requirements.

The review looks into the type of investment that can be catered by the European Investment Plan for magnifying the growth potential, and combining financial stability with European integration.

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS

Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student,

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Financial stability and European integration Student of the School of Architecture Since the establishment of the single monetary policy and introduction the euro,ofit Crete is Technical of University pertinent to investigate the link between financial stability and European integration.

1. Introductory approach: Defining theor concept Is there a complementarity between the two are financial stability and European integration a contradiction in terms?Defining In other words, isn’t a search for a highly integrated 1.

Introductory approach: the concept ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), financial system that would strengthen stability a bit like a search for the Holy Grail?

ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the

Recent on convergence in left relation economic a development since thethe amongstudies, other wise heritage us,definition hewith established greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with the of the content concepts. introduction of the euro, show that convergence between the countries in the EU has acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts.

Based,However, therefore, on this “principle” a first,economic if of not final, approach, the term increased. simultaneously with the reduced disparities at a national 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, theNot term gentrification) indicatedregions (in thewithin area ofcountries.

Planning) (or gentrification level, there has(and beenurban increasing disparitiesisbetween 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification surprisingly, it is the European capital and metropolitan regions that display the strongest Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various economic growth, while the peripheral and largely rural regions are lagging behind.

Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the from this, of (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and theremoval placement there artists, Stability and integration of theusually financial markets has hence indeed contributedthere to European ways), of social groups, of low-income and the placement of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of integration, which is one of the key policy objectives for the EU because it fosters the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless of whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the economic growth, albeit at national level.

whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative

This came about, as the integrated euro area financial sector has brought along additional potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in theand UKled in to early 1960s and it refers risk-sharing opportunities, improved market liquidity, significantly more cross-to The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refersofto the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas border activity by financial institutions.

the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas of

London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes therethanks and thus oldavailability residentsof are The EU enjoyed sustained growth till the outbreak of the crisis, to the London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thusperiod old residents being indirectly private equity, the “squeezed”. very low interest rates, coupled with an unprecedented of strongare being indirectly “squeezed”. world This benefited Europe as an is open and export-oriented 10 million A growth. description of this phenomenon included in the work economy: of Sociologist Ruth jobs have been created within three years justisbefore the crisis outburst.

A description ofperiod, this phenomenon included inwere the work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar situations recorded in other major GLASS at same period, while similar situations in other major In addition, thethe removal of the by foreign risk which were came recorded with the creation of the cities in Western countries, otherexchange Researchers. common currency has accelerated trade in goods and services inside the euro zone.

The cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more EU has indeed, witnessed the creation of new trade,several not just trade diversion Since then, the issue has preoccupied scholars andfrom for outside its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various the euro area. comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following:

However, it wasn’tofjust forex risk premium that has disappeared.

Most other risk interpretations thethe phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, the phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups premia have vanished as well. This has triggered external account imbalances (deficits in to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money some countries, surpluses in others), and fiscal imbalances in many countries.

and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the

As a result of the absence of the risk premia as price signals, many European banks took 1. The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense safety the distributed town centres, on theirofbooks a significant amount residencies of sovereignoutside debt from other Member States which, Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) unfortunately, later got into serious financial and economic difficulties.

For example, in Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for 2011 German banks still had a net sovereign exposure to European Economic Area lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc. studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back to London, where countries of which according to Goldman Sachs EUR 84.5bn toteacher Portugal, in According 1943 of sheEUR published studies regarding city planning.

In 1950 sheto became in the to425bn, another approach, the phenomenon is due a systematic and Ireland, Greece, Spain and Italy.where she continued her social research. Her public action and University College of London,

long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying

40

herunsustainable work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. The flows etc., of funds and depreciation accumulation of external governments andin and selling realCOLLINS estate, for the initially ofdebt partby of the urban web, 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Co Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free the private sector – the various “credit bubbles” – are phenomena with which we Encyclopedia: grapple to G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually this day.

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification This comes on top of an increasing spatial polarization in the EU as a general, and not Concerns strictly speaking in the Eurozone. According to the European Commission, the socio-

An adjustment process to correct these imbalances is underway, and will no doubt be long and painful. As part of this process, we have observed an increase in the “home bias” of financial institutions – reversed capital flows and financial nationalization.

economic disparities have actually doubled a few years the introduction of the euro, and more specifically since the accession of the ten new Member States in 2004, although at a Mr.on George-Sp. C. of ATHANASOPOULOS policy level, the EU has had its primarily By focus the objectives economic growth and University, Graduate School of Design, Student, competitiveness (the LisbonHarvard Strategy), the sustainable development (the Gothenburg Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Strategy), and later the comprehensive By Europe 2020 strategy.

At the one end of the Architect spectrum, there are the regions in the so-called European Pentagon (London,ofParis, Milan, Student of the School Architecture Munich and Hamburg), which covers only 14% of EU territory, but accounts for 32%of ofCrete the Technical University population and produces 46% of EU GDP. At the other end we find 64 peripheral regions, representingapproach: a quarter ofDefining Europe's the population, having a GDP of less than 75% of 1. Introductory concept the 1.

EUIntroductory average. approach: Defining the concept

ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), Therefore in 2004 the European Commission’s Third Cohesion Report, ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -identified 370 BC,territorial Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great “principle”: the cohesion as a additional strategic policy objective, aiming at the “provision of equal among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great “principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with the definition of the content of concepts. chances for all Europeans wherever they happen to live or work in the Union”. In the acquisition of knowledge starts withEU, theterritorial the content ofincluded concepts.

Based, Constitutional therefore, onTreaty this “principle” indefinition a first,cohesion if of not final, approach, theasterm proposed of the has been an 1 (and Based, therefore, on athis “principle” inindicated aoffirst, if (in not(Article final, approach, the term objective (Article I.3-3)urban and shared competence the Union I.14-3). gentrification) is the area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), the “refining” of a city area, thecohesion removalwere fromapplied this, (in The instruments for as achieving the objective of territorial asvarious part of Sociology as well), as the “refining” ofvarious a city sectoral area, removal this, of (in various the co-ordination of Regional Policy policies andfrom initiatives.

This was ways), of social groups, usually ofwith low-income andthe the placement there artists, expressed in the EU programs for the Structural and Cohesion Funds 2007-2013, which ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of have been described a significant change in policy thinking on“change”, regional development: the operation ofconsequences art as galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this regardless whatever other has, also landallprices theof “Regional policy is increasingly seen as aresults policy for all rising regions,ofwhile policies(and are now whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative considered as having a regional and/or territorial impact, even though they may not be potential speculation). ’regional’ inrelative their initial or primary statedatobjectives” (European Parliament, 2007,itp.

2). to The term gentrification is found first in the UK in early 1960s and refers The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas ofto The EU enhanced convergence efforts, have been interrupted by the largest drop in crossthe then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof border lending since Lehmann Brothers actually came in the fourth quarter of 2011. This London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are worldwide decline was largely driven by euro area banks trying to deleverage.

And even being indirectly “squeezed”. though cross-border claims expanded slightly at the beginning of this year, they remain being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth wayA below pre-crisisof levels.

Obviously, this isisnot beneficial in thework long term. description this phenomenon included inwere the of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same period, while similar situations recorded in other major At face value, then, one could see tension between financial integration and financial GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. stability. integration led to unsustainable debt accumulation – most notably by cities in Financial Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the has several andsovereign for its more some governments - issue and was therefore among the causesscholars of the current Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for various its debt more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the crisis. comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of risk the premia phenomenon of gentrification, the making following: Paradoxically, the came back with a vengeance, countries using the interpretations of the phenomenon of thecategory following: In acurrency sense, the phenomenon is due togentrification, arates trendonoftheir a new of social groups same paying vastly different interest debt. toBut “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money is it really the case that the concept of financial integration was the root cause of the and time instability to travelthat from purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the financial wethe currently observe?

1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for was born in sense safety theisdistributed residencies town centres, Financial integration good in itsstudies. own right, as itoutside allows capital to allocatedstudy to thebetter best Berlin, where she made her first In 1932 she published anbe important entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) possible use. Conversely, of year financial integration means that continuous capital is not allowed tofor Youth Unemployment.

Thelack same she left Germany and after movements lower living cost of,used. “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where flow where is best studies anditresearch in Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, in 1943 she published studies regarding city planning.

In 1950 she became teacher According to another approach, the phenomenon is due to a systematic and However, we’ve learned from the crisis that a closely integrated financial system does in notthe University College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public action and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers framework of buying result in more financial stability if it is not well managed and if the regulatory her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. doesn’t develop as quickly as the integration itself. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: Abstract. http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm aThe variety of episode ways, inof order toinstability achieve “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually current financial isthe rooted both in market and policy failures.

Investors made clearly wrong judgements by not pricing in any of the risks that have

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification The crisis has exposed some failures endangering the very essence of a sound financial system, for instance a lack of emphasis on risk management; the misuse of securitization Concerns and mistakes by the rating agencies when assessing securitized products; and, last but

materialized. And the institutional, regulatory and supervisory frameworks that were in place to support financial and broader macroeconomic stability were inadequate.

not least, moral hazard in the form of excessive reliance on the “lender of the last resort,” i.e. government.

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS

Thus, the right policy to restore financial stability is Graduate to address School those root causes, and one Harvard University, of Design, Student, should not fall into the trap of blaming financial integration itself for instability.

And

By Mr. George-Sp. C. creating ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect the core issues are being addressed at the EuropeanStudent level. The of the ECB and ESM ofroles the School of Architecture are key, and they are complementary in stopping and preventing contagion: The ECB Technical University of Crete focuses on securing an effective transmission of monetary policy into the real economy by providing liquidity through the financial system. The ESM, in turn, will provide a permanent 1. Introductory approach:Taken Defining the the concept crisis management mechanism. together, ECB and the ESM offer the firepower 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the conceptin(444 thatANTISTHENIS, is needed to confront negativeGreek impactphilosopher, of contagion the short thetheancient BC -and 370medium-term.

BC, Athens),

ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other heritage he left us,sources he established a great Europe is in thewise process of addressing the of the financial disequilibrium, and the is among other wise heritage he left us,definition he established a great well advanced setting up starts backstops tothe prevent, or at of least respond to, crises inthe acquisition of in knowledge with thebetter content of“principle”: concepts. the future. therefore, Europe therefore attempts to complete the establishment of aofsingle capital acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content concepts.

Based, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term market and atherefore, single market in financial services.

1 Based, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the (or gentrification (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning)term 1 (and gentrification urban gentrification) isarea, indicated (ineconomic thefrom areathis, of Planning) To restore as financial stability Europe needs more financial and integration, not(or Sociology well), as the “refining” of a city the removal (in various less.

A of weak and fragmented financial sector a risk forthe recovery andfrom sustained in Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a is city area, this,growth (inartists, various ways), social groups, usually of low-income and theremoval placement there of Europe.

At the same time one can certainly say that and financial integration isthere a means, not ways), of social groups, usually of low-income the placement of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, However this “change”, regardless an ends.

The goal being European integration,etc. through sustainable growth and increasedof the operation art galleries, restaurants, etc.also However regardless whatever other consequences has, results risingthis of “change”, land prices (and theof competition in theofglobalized economy. whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to NeedThe for term investment gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor As Philippe de Buck put it already in 2009, the main issue is “how we safeguard the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residentsthe areof European Social market economy.

Let us besometimes clear on this.

European business wants toare London, upgrade them, stay themselves there and thus old residents being indirectly “squeezed”. maintain the essence of the European social model. It is therefore urgent to find the ways being indirectly “squeezed”. description this phenomenon is included in growth the work of Sociologist thatAlead us back toof growth.

Our social model is based on on the one hand andRuth on A description this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth the way solidarity canof be maintained increased”.

GLASS at the same period, whileorsimilar in other major GLASS at the same period, while situations were recorded in other major cities Western countries, othersimilar Researchers.

Aboveinall else Europe needsbysustainable economic growth to raise living standards, cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then,and the issue has severalinscholars and forassets, its more secure welfare jobs.

Investment – smart investment key infrastructure in Sincein then, issue preoccupied several scholars and for various its more research, people the – is the keyhas toare raising productivity and long-term growth in Europe. comprehensive approach being summarized below, from the comprehensive approach being summarized below, from various interpretations ofinvestment the phenomenon of gentrification, following: The importance of canare be best illustrated by its the mere definition.

Asthe commonly interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: defined i.e. gross fixed capital formation together with changes in inventories – investment In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new category of social groups is “return” widely acknowledged as a keythe driver of growth: both in the short term, influencing the to to the city, leaving purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money length and depth of normal cyclical movements in economic activity, but also – through and time toand travel from thegains purlieus downtown, work place is, lackofofan the innovation productivity – in to determining thewhere long run growth potential 1.

The term comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth GLASS was born in sense of safety at the distributed residencies outside town centres, search for better economy.

Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) InYouth termsUnemployment. of investment in key sectors the has movements – since the for The same year of she lefteconomy, Germanyhowever, and after Europe continuous lower living costfallen of, in “withdrawal” from private access to markets, etc.

1990s – and steadily behind international economic rivals.

And not surprisingly, this studies research Geneva,its Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came back to London, where in According 1943 published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the has been she starkly aggravated by the crisis.the to another approach, is due a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public action and long-term informal effort by organized groups,quarter manufacturers, brokers of buying The exited from recession in the second following six quarters of her euro work area are characterized by a passion for justice.

See also: 2013, COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. declining For the first time since 2007 – the economies of EUof Member States arein and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially ofall part the urban web, 10th edit.GDP. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: again this year: the euro zone as a whole grew by 0.3% in(actually the last Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: Abstract. http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm aexpected varietytoofgrow ways, in order to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”,

42

quarter of 2014, and its biggest economy, Germany, expanded by 0.7%. The European

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Still, France and Italy, the zone's second- and third-largest economies, stagnated in the final quarter of the year. Greece hasConcerns the potential to unsettle markets. Fears grow that the Eurozone may fall into deflation increase: prices are falling in Germany, Italy and Spain.

Commission is forecasting growth in 2015 of 1.3%, which would be the euro area's best outcome since 2010.

The ECB has adopted measures to boost prices and growth—most notably by agreeing to a controversial programme of quantitative easing—but it did so for a reason. The

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS European Commission's most recent economic forecasts showed that weak investment Harvard University, Graduate Design, Student, has led to a fragile recovery from the economic crisis in the School EU and of even more so in the By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect euro area. While Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and private consumption in the EU were of2007, the School of Architecture in the second quarter of 2014 roughly at the same Student level as in total investment was Technical of Crete about 15% below 2007 figures. In certain Member States, the decline University in investment has been even more dramatic.

1. Introductory approach: Europe is still held back by weakDefining investmentthe andconcept high unemployment, causing widespread 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), social hardship.

ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher,

ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), Real gross fixed capital formation

by Member among other wise heritage heState left us, he established(444 a great the Index 2007=100 among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the acquisition ofwith knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts.

Member biggest in“principle” investment Based,States therefore, ondrop this a first, if of not final, approach, the term E.g., Greece, Ireland, Italy, Portugal, Spain 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term (or gentrification (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major Source: European Commission GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue several scholars and for its more Other selected Member States has E.g., Belgium, Finland, Germany, UK Since then, the issue Netherlands, has several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized from comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new category of social groups to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public action and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually Source: European Commission

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

Compared to the 2007 peak, investments have dropped by around EUR 430bn. Five Member States (France, the United Kingdom, Greece, Italy and Spain) account for around 75% of the drop, owing to the size of their economy or the sheer magnitude of the investment drop, or both.

Real gross fixed capital formation EU-28, in 2013 prices,EURbn

ShareBy of total by country Share of total drop by sector Mr.drop George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS U-28, in percentage* EU-26, in percentage* Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student,

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Student of the School of Architecture Technical University of Crete

1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept 1. Introductory approach: the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term (or gentrification (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof Source: European other Commission whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative Inpotential 2013, investment accounted 19.3% of GDP, roughly 2 percentage points below the relative speculation).

The term gentrification isforfound at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to longer-term average (excluding boom-bust years).

ThisUK meansearly that 1960s currentand investment The term gentrification found atpeople first in the refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy in property in poor itareas levels in the EU are EUR 230 to EUR 370bn below the historical norm. the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”.

Real gross fixed capital formation – Observed trend vs. "sustainable" level being indirectly “squeezed”.

Aindescription EU-28, 2013 prices, EURbnof this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more Since then, the issue has several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized from comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new category of social groups to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public action and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

44

Source: European Commission

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

Results are more alarming when viewed in comparison with Europe’s main competitors.

Real GDP per capita – European Union vs. USA Index 2007=100

By Euro Mr.area George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS (13 countries) Recovery from previous recession, 1993-97 Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student,

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect USA Student of the School of Architecture EU-28Technical University of Crete *

1. Introductory approach: Defining the conceptEuro Area (18 countries) 1. Introductory approach: the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BCloss -“principle”: 370 Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the (-----------Cumulative of BC, ~€1,700 in among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a great income/GDP per capita acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content of“principle”: concepts. the acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term (or gentrification (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to Source: European Commission The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof London, them, stay themselves sometimes residents The drop inupgrade investment accounts for the largest proportion there of the and fall inthus GDPold between 2007are being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”. and 2013.

To keep up with the pace of investment in the U.S., the EU should A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist have Ruth invested an additional bn in 2012-2013.

A description ofEUR540 this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same period, while similar in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major Investment drop which came partly as a result of the economic crisis, feeds into further cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. contraction of investment, and deepens crisis in a spiral development. In the run-up to cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied otherthe Researchers.

Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more the current recession investment grew by 5-6% a years.

Exporters and home Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars andbuyers for itsdrove more comprehensive approach are being summarized from this expansion, which ended in 2008. Since then, the lack of below, investment has the beenvarious a main comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon gentrification, following: source of demand weakness in the of European Union. the Gross fixed capital formation interpretations the phenomenon of thecategory following: contracted massively early in the crisis remained feeble, nearly of 15% lower than In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueand togentrification, ahas trend of a new social groups five years ago.

A collapse of investment activity of this magnitude has inevitable to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money repercussions for economic expansion in the longer term. If productive capital stocks do and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the not grow – indeed, if they are not even maintained – Europe’s growth potential will 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, inevitably shrink.

Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. samevolatile year she left Germany and after demand, continuous movements Investment tends to be The the most component of aggregate and, this crisis for lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” private easier access to markets, etc.where studies and Geneva, London and car Newprecisely York she came back to has not beenresearch an exception.

ThePrague, chartfrom below illustrates the impact of London, contracting in 1943 she published studies regarding city planning.

In 1950 she became teacher in the According to another approach, the phenomenon is due to a systematic and investment on the recent economic crisis. This chart plots the change in EU economic University College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public action and growth (scale on left-hand side) over time, with zero equal to the slump in 2009.

The long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work characterized by a passion for justice.

See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. change inare GDP isestate, brokenetc., down into investment through changes in gross capital formation and selling realCOLLINS for theCo depreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: (dashed grey colour) andSONS inventories (dark blue).

G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually 252145 11

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student,

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Student of the School of Architecture Technical University of Crete

46

1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept 1. Introductory approach: the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the The chart demonstrates how starts the contraction inhe investment in 2008 and 2009 explains a the among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition established a great acquisition of knowledge with of the content of“principle”: concepts. large percentage of the slumpstarts in GDP. In the 2010, partly due tothe coordinated

by EU acquisition of knowledge with content ofefforts concepts.

Based, therefore, on this formation “principle” indefinition a first, if of not final, approach, the term governments, gross fixed capital recovered to only slightly negative levels.

1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification Ingentrification the short term,1weak investment slows economic recovery. (in Thethe EU's recovery appears (or (and urban gentrification) is indicated area of Planning) Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various to have stalled, compared both to other major economies and the previous recession in Sociology as well), as the1997). “refining” of a city area, the removal fromthere this, (inartists, various ways), of social groups, low-income Europe (between 1993 andusually Inofthe longer term,and the the lackplacement of investment hurtsofgrowth ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the competitiveness. operation of artWeak galleries, restaurants, etc.area However this “change”, regardless of and investment in the euro has a considerable impact. the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless of whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the The crisis transcends national, even continental borders. Europe is reminded of its severity whatever other consequences has,isresults rising of landshrinking prices (and potential speculation). on a daily relative basis.

Record unemployment one of also the consequences; public the potential relative speculation). budgets financial austerity another.

The and term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to The term gentrification found atand firstthe in the UKthe in early 1960s and refers the central then observed ofiswealthy people to buy property inhas poor areas The position oftrend Europe’s economy impact downturn hadit on its ofto the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas trading partners – China, Russia, and the Americas.

Investment in Europe is therefore London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residentsinareof the interest of all of“squeezed”. itsthem, commercial partners London, upgrade stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly being indirectly “squeezed”.

An economic report of published by the European Investment Bank in March 2015 shows A description this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth that intangible investments, and development, have of held relatively A description ofperiod, thisincluding phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same whileresearch similar inupother major well during and after the economic crisis but their situations levels still lag world-best performers.

The GLASS at the same period, while similar were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. report further argues that in order for Europe to stay competitive, our economy should cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has several scholars and for more become more dynamic and more specialised in knowledge-intensive activities.

Thisits means Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various that innovation should be at the technological frontier or moving towards it, and implies an comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various ability to respond rapidly to new growth opportunities.

Improving resource reallocation from interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: less to amore productive is crucial inof this there seems to scope for interpretations thefirms phenomenon gentrification, thecategory following: In sense, theof phenomenon is due to a process trend ofand a new ofbe social groups such an improvement in most EU Member States. to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money Another study produced recently by the European Investment that Europe and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, whereBank workshowed place is, lack of the would1.have to invest heavily in order not to fall behind its competitors, giving some The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense of safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, indicative figuresshe as made below:her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: Berlin, where services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Unemployment.

Thean same year she left130bn Germany andinafter • Youth Europe should invest additional EUR a year R&Dcontinuous to meet themovements EU’s own for lower living cost “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies andof research in Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, target 3% of, of GDP. in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and • University It should invest EUR 100bn yearly to upgrade energy networks to integrate College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public action and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying renewables, improve efficiency, and security of COLLINS supply, ENGLISH DICTIONARY. her work are characterized by a passion forensure justice.

See also: and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: • EUR 50bn yearly to upgrade transport networks to reduce congestion costs and Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: Abstract. http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a variety of ways, in order to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually trade bottlenecks, 2521 11

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, • EUR 55bn to reach the EU’s Digital Agenda standards in broadband and data Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification centre capacity, Investment is therefore needed to spin-off the crisis spiral movement. Investment is Concerns needed, in an abstract sense, in European unity, cohesion, institutions and policies – in brief, in creating more Europe.

Investment is needed on the capital stock, which in turn holds back Europe's growth

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS potential, productivity, employment levels and job creation.

Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student,

Investment is also needed in people, in knowledge and in physical assets, to ensure that

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Europe preserves its role and position in the world. Student of the School of Architecture

TechnicalatUniversity of Crete The need for investments to support jobs and growth is also recognised the international level, as witnessed by the G20 Communiqué and Brisbane Action Plan published on 16 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept November 2014.

1. Introductory Defining the concept A revival of investmentapproach: activity is therefore to the long-term prospects of ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek crucial philosopher, (444 BC growth - 370 BC, Athens), Europe.

This is the core message of the EU 2020 strategy –(444 to invest in370 smart in ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: BC,ways, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the sustainable core infrastructure; in research and innovation to increase productivity; in among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the people. In core infrastructure networks alone, such as the TEN networks in energy and acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition of the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if not final, approach, the of term transport; energy generation and broadband, the Commission has estimated a need 2 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the (or gentrification trillion euros until(and 2020.urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning)term

1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology well), thebefore; “refining” of a city area, the removal this,of(in various Europe hasastried thisasalso the Lisbon strategy failed largely from because a lack of Sociology as as the “refining” of a city from this, (inpriority various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement there of artists, commitment bywell), member states, and a failure to area, align national policies with EU ways), of This social groups, of low-income and placement of artists, objectives. the EUusually is expected to have thethe lesson and takethere advantage ofof the operation oftime, art galleries, restaurants, etc.learnt However this “change”, regardless a new model of economic governance. the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof whatever other consequences has, results risingtoofreverse land prices (and the Collective and coordinated efforts at European level also are needed this downward potential relative speculation). trend and put Europe firmly onisthe path of recovery. potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification found at economic first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to The term gentrification iswealthy found finance atpeople first ministers in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto In September 2014, therefore, European asked the European Investment the then observed trend of to buy property in poor Bank and the European Commission to chair a taskforce representing all EU member the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof states.

Thisupgrade initiative them, followed thethemselves speech to the Europeanthere Parliament in July by theare London, stay sometimes and thus old2014 residents being indirectly “squeezed”.

President of the then European Commission designate, Jean-Claude Juncker in which he being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description phenomenon included in the work Sociologist Ruth stated his intentionoftothis present a plan to isunlock investment in the of EU. The taskforce A description ofperiod, this is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS atmain the barriers same while similar in other major analysed andphenomenon bottlenecks hampering investment and proposed practical GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major solutions to overcome those impediments.

It also identified potentially viable investment cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. projects could beissue of strategic significance to recovery and growth be cities inthat Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the has several scholars andand for could its more realised in the short and medium term.

It laid in this way the foundation for a credible and Since then, the issue has preoccupied several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach are being summarized from transparent pipeline of projects toare boost EU competitiveness and growth potential in the comprehensive approach being summarized below, from the various interpretations of theThe phenomenon of Commission gentrification, the following: medium to long-term.

EIB and the reported on the outcome of the interpretations of the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, the phenomenon togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups taskforce work in December 2014. is dueof to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high in money The economic report published by the EIB in March 2015 demonstratescosts that the main and timefor to travel from the purlieus to downtown, workstandards place is, lack of the reasons weak investment in Europe compared towhere historical are weak 1.of The termat comes from uncertainty Sociologist Ruththe GLASS, Ruth GLASS wasbetter born economic prospects, and need 1912-1940. oftown all sectors in search the economy to in sense safety thepolicy distributed residencies outside centres, for Berlin,debt where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: reduce levels. services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for The European Commission put Prague, therefore forward incar December 2014 Investment Plan lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private easier access to markets, etc. studies and research Geneva, London and New York she camean back to London, where aiming at she reviving in Europe bythe addressing theIn main investment inthe in According 1943 published studies regarding city planning.

1950 sheto became teacher in toinvestment another approach, phenomenon is obstacles due a to systematic and aUniversity coherent way.

Theofnew approach consists of threeher strands: College London, where she continued social research.

Her public action and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work arefinancial characterized by a(in passion for justice.

See also: COLLINS Fund ENGLISH DICTIONARY. a) New tools particular the new European for Strategic and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: Investments), in partnership with the European Investment Bank, to address the current Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: Abstract. http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm ashortage varietyofof ways, in order to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually risk-financing in Europe.

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification c) A more stable, business friendly and predictable regulatory environment, at Concerns the European, national, and sub-national level, focussing on completing the single market

b) A pipeline of projects at EU level, and enhanced support for project development through more user-friendly technical assistance, for public sector stakeholders as well as private investors.

for energy, digital and transport and capital markets.

The Investment Plan has the ambition to serve as a paradigm shift in how public money is

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS used for strategic investments in Europe.

Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student,

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Student of the School of Architecture Financing investment Technical University of Crete One precondition for such an investment revival is access to reasonably priced funding for long-term projects.

1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept

The 1. process of fiscal consolidation at national and European level has already placed a Introductory approach: the concept ANTISTHENIS, the budgets ancientDefining - 370 BC, Athens), severe restriction on public –Greek and willphilosopher, continue to do(444 so in BC the medium term.

ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the Europe’s main concern is long-term investment underpinning sustainable growth. Of among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great “principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with the definition of the content of concepts. course, there is currently a compelling case for loans with a significant short-term multiplier acquisition of knowledge starts with the definition of the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term effect giving an immediate boost to production and employment. But long-term economic, 1 (and urban Based, on this “principle” inindicated a first, notthe final, approach, the term financial andtherefore, environmental soundness and viability of if investment must a pregentrification) is (in area ofremain Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban requisite for EU institutional support. gentrification gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various The “golden rule” is: debt should be incurred for investment capable of producing ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, economic that allowusually its repayments. ways), ofbenefits social groups, of low-income and thethis placement of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”,there regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless The need for a structural change to European economies is wellof published.

But a (and switch the to of whatever other consequences has, results also rising land prices awhatever more resource-efficient and smarterhas, economy – which absolutely vitalprices for Europe otherspeculation). consequences results also is rising of land (andif itthe potential relative wants to remain competitive on the global scale will not happen overnight.

This switch will potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to not come about without large volumes of long-term investment and structural reforms that Thethe term gentrification found at first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refers the then observed trend ofiswealthy people to buy property poor ofto unleash potential of that investment.

The “long view” must prevail. Itin must balance out the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves there and thus old residents areof short-termism, which has been at the root of sometimes the current financial crisis.

London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being “squeezed”.

There indirectly is systematic evidence that the near future, the drive for immediate profit being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description phenomenon in the work oftoSociologist Ruth maximization, playsofa this disproportionate roleisinincluded financial decision-making the detriment of A description ofperiod, this is situations included work ofcalled, Sociologist Ruth the more future.

Thisphenomenon “quarterly capitalism,” as itin isthe sometimes has major been GLASS atdistant the same while similar were recorded in other omnipresent in households, onwhile the financial markets, inwere banks, businesses, evenmajor in GLASS at the same period, similar situations recorded in other cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. governments.

This short-termism and the under-investment in projects with long payoff cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has several of scholars and who for its more periods that comes with it – has highlighted the importance those lenders have not Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various lost their sight from the long term comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the the phenomenon of need gentrification, This suggests that private sector will to do morethe andfollowing: in the right way. Yet it is interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: In athat, sense, thethephenomenon due to aatrend of a new category of social groups clear since crisis unfoldedis in 2008, substantial portion of market liquidity has to “return” city, leaving the purlieus several reasons: in money dried up – to in the particular the participation of for institutional investors high suchcosts as insurance companies pension At the same time, bank balance sheetsplace are under pressure and time toand travel fromfunds. the purlieus to downtown, where work is, lack of the and will continue to remain so under Basel 3.

As a result project companies face greater termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for was born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, better difficulties to secure long-term financing; from banks or fromancapital markets.

Berlin, where she made her first studies.either In 1932 she published important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment.

The same yearto she left Germany and after continuous movements for This pressure means that the EU has find ways to achieve more with less.

In particular, lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, at European level, one needs to ensure that a limited EU budget is used to maximum in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another the due a systematic and effect.

As the EU bank, weapproach, also consider the EIB to be a is‘second leg’ to finance EU University College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public action and long-term informal by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers ofneed buying policies, theeffort EU budget.

To be course, suchENGLISH instruments to her workalongside are characterized by a passion forsuccessful, justice. Seeof also: COLLINS DICTIONARY. unlock investment and etc., catalyse existing and new investors, aligning allurban EU funding and selling realCOLLINS estate, for the depreciation initially of part of the web, in 10th edit.

Wil. SONS AND Co Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: aG.judicious blend, Commission grants and European Investment Gentrification: ALEXANDRI: Abstract. http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm apossibilities variety ofinways, in order toincluding achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

48

Bank financing. The Project Bond Initiative is one result of those discussions.

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

Whereas grants are well understood policy instruments, what is the rationale for using public funds as risk capital? What determines the value to taxpayers in choosing one instrument or another? The chart below– although very simple – captures the essence of this trade-off. It matches project risk and return profiles with funding sources.

Why and when EIB/EU joint instruments?

Project characteristics

High Financial Profitability, Low risk

Positive Economic rate of returns

Low Financial Profitability/ High risk

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student,

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Student of the School of Architecture Technical University of Crete Funding instruments Commercial loan, Including EIB loan

Potential Blending area

Joint Instrument e.g. credit enhancement

1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept 1. Introductory approach: the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition of the content of concepts.

Based,fortherefore, a first, if projects not final, approach, the term Assume a momenton thatthis we“principle” have a set of European with a strong economic 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term (and urbanoutweigh gentrification) is Yet indicated (inset, thefinancial area of returns Planning) (or gentrification case: the benefits to society the costs. within this vary.

1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various At one extreme – at the bottom of the chart, we have projects with limited revenues Sociology as well), as the “refining” of the a city area, this, (in various ways), ofand/or social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement there streams significant risks such that financial rate of returnfrom is very lowof orartists, even ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, negative.

This of is the of grants – and will etc. remain so. the operation artworld galleries, restaurants, However this “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the At the other extreme – at the top of the chart, we have a set of projects with robust of whatever other consequences has, results also rising (and the financial returns.

This is the ‘bread and butter’ of financial marketsof– land there prices is little rationale potential relative speculation). potential relative speculation). for using public grants.

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to The term gentrification found first in–the UK in early 1960s andsignificant itareas refersofto In between, of course, – in the middle of at the chart arebuy a range of projects with the then observed trend ofis wealthy people to property in poor the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas revenue streams, with quantifiable and limited risk profiles – but which fail to make anof London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are investment grade rating.

This is exactly the set of projects for which a tailored instrument, London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. using risk capital provided by the public sector, can provide high value for money. In the being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description included in the worktooffinancial Sociologist limit, the presenceof of this suchphenomenon an instrument is can help bring a project closeRuth that A description ofperiod, this phenomenon issignificant includeddelay. inwere theInrecorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS the same similar situations other major otherwiseatcould not; or at leastwhile not without this sense,inrelative small GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major amounts of publiccountries, money can underpin and accelerate relatively large volumes of cities in Western byhelp other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. investment – the the so-called effect’’.

Since then, issue“leverage has several scholars and for its more then,been the issue has severalInvestment scholars andthe for its more ThisSince has indeed the philosophy behindsummarized the European Bank’s design of a comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being below, from various comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various series of new financial products.

Last addition to the financial tool-kit, is the InnovFin range interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: of products, whichofthe Group (EIB and EIF) together with the European Commission interpretations theEIB phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, the phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups launched in 2014 in support of research, development and innovation across Europe, as tosuccessors “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high in money of the Risk Sharing Finance Facility (RSFF) in the field ofcosts research and and time to travel from the the purlieus to downtown, whereprojects work place is,designed lack of the development, as well as and Loan Guarantee for TEN-T (LGTT) to 1.of The termat comes fromtoSociologist GLASS, Ruth search GLASS wasbetter born reduce investor exposure traffic riskRuth in the early1912-1940. years project operation.

Both in sense safety the distributed residencies outside town of centres, for Berlin, where shebeen made her first studies.

In 1932 sheInpublished entitled: instruments had successfully and well utilised. theheart case an of RSFF, for study example, at services of health, education, entertainment “at the ofimportant the city”, (possibly) Youth same yearEUR she left Germany and after the endUnemployment. of 2010, loans The worth almost 6.3bn were signed, withcontinuous EUR 3.5bnmovements disbursed.for lower living costisof, “withdrawal” from private car access markets, etc.where studies andthere research in Geneva, London and Neweasier Yorkof she came to back to London, For LGTT, pipeline of 16Prague, operations; with signatures guarantees for EUR 140m, in 1943 she published studies regarding city planning.

In 1950 she became teacher in the According to another approach, the phenomenon is due to a systematic and supporting capital investment of around 2.1bn.

University College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public action and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying InnovFin offers financing options tailored a wideSee range clients from innovative small her work are characterized by a passion forto justice. also:of COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling real estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part2014 of the urban web, in 10th edit. to Wil. COLLINS SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: start-ups large enterprises and public institutions.

Between and 2020, it is Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: Abstract. http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm aexpected variety that of ways, in order to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, the InnovFin products will make available more than EUR 24bn of(actually financing Low or negative financial profitability

EU budget grant

2

European Investment Bank

for research and innovation by small, medium-sized and large companies and the

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification The Europe 2020 Project Bond initiative was signed in November 2012 in the form of an EU and EIB cooperation agreement Concerns was designed as a credit enhancement mechanism to ensure that project companies can issue senior bonds with a high enough rating to be

promoters of research infrastructure. The European Investment Bank has to date financed under these new products some 40 projects with some EUR 30bn.

attractive for institutional investors. It can potentially play a useful role in securing renewed interest from institutional investors in sound infrastructure assets.

The project bond

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS initiative does not impose an additional burden on domestic budgets, sovereign debt or Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, contingent liabilities. On the contrary – it relies on a small EU budget contribution reBy Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect directed from existing programmes coupled with an EIB guarantee or loan.

Student of the School of Architecture

Together, these two elements will improve the quality of debt raised by project promoters, Technical University of Crete allow institutional investors to buy this debt and support considerable investment throughout Europe. The multiplierDefining effect – that is, the ratio of the budget contribution 1. Introductory approach: the concept versus investments supported – can be significant. Current estimates show that with a 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), the the ancient Greek philosopher, EURANTISTHENIS, 230m guarantee from EU budget and an EIB contribution, up to EUR 4.3 bn of ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), investment couldwise be supported– on 19x multiplier. among other heritage hea left us, he established(444 a great the

among wise heritage leftthe us, he established a great “principle”: acquisition of knowledge starts with concepts.

This is the other rationale for using publiche money asdefinition risk capitalofinthe thecontent times of of crisis.

A careful the acquisition of knowledge starts withelement theindefinition the content of concepts. scaling of thetherefore, EU guarantee and EIB loan allow for afinal, more efficient usethe of EU Based, on this “principle” a will first, if of not approach, term 1 budgetary resources.

The project bond initiative is therefore another fine example Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term (or gentrification (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning)of synergy between 1the “EUurban Bank” gentrification) and the European gentrification (and isCommission. indicated (in the area of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various

The EIB of has come up with 2usually structures deliver project bond credit enhancement: Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), social groups, of to low-income and theremoval placement

ways), groups, of low-income and thethis placement there artists, withofasocial tranche of EIB usually mezzanine debt standing between the equity and the of senior the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless debt, ie the project bonds. whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof whatever other consequences has, results rising landon prices potential relative speculation). an EIB guarantee through a contingent liquidityalso facility whichof comes top of (and a full- the potential relative speculation). funded structure with additional construction shortfalls.

This is a to The term gentrification is foundfunding at first to in cover the UK in early 1960s and it refers revolving guarantee thatof isiswealthy available end of the project lifeinand provides a ofto The term gentrification found atuntil firstthe in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refers the then observed trend people to buy property poor reduced probabilitytrend of default and losses given default. the then observed of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof The EIBindirectly is describing this structure as Project Bond Credit Enhancement (PBCE) and it is are London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents being “squeezed”. a being tool for improving project credit ratings – and therefore stimulating capital market indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth financing.

A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major It GLASS targets transport projects – predominantly thosesituations that fall within the TEN-T programme – at the same period, while similar were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. and energy deals falling under TEN-E, as well as broadband projects and it is available to cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. scholars and for its more Since then, the issue has projects able to reach financial close by calendar several end 2016. Project bonds will not be Since the issueprojects, has several scholars andthe for its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being below, from various restricted to then, greenfield PPP but willsummarized also be available to refinance brownfield comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various projects during construction or in the early phase of operations.

The European Investment interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: Bank has currently a pipeline of a handful of deals in six EU Member States in all the interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new category of social groups above sectors under this initiative. to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money In parallel, since thefrom 1990s, European Investment Bank has sought to broaden thethe and time to travel thethe purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of geographic and sector spreads of its PPP lending.

As a result, the Bank is now Europe’s termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies townand centres, foremost funder of PPP projects, a portfolio ofoutside 120 of around Berlin, where she made her firstwith studies.

In 1932 she projects published aninvestments important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) EUR 25m.

Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of,come “withdrawal” private easier access studies andvolumes research in Geneva, Prague, London New York she came back to London, where But lending only at thefrom end and and are car therefore only partto ofmarkets, the story.etc.

For in 1943 she published studies regarding city planning.

In 1950 she became teacher in the According to another approach, the phenomenon is due to a systematic and getting at the finance phase, projects have to be designed in a bankable way, being at the University College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public action and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying same time technically, economically and environmentally viable. The EU therefore has her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. developed a real series of complementary instruments initially as joint initiatives of the European and selling estate, etc., for theCodepreciation of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. COLLINS SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: Investment Bank andinthe Commission.

These designed “voluntary”, towetzel/gentry.htm boost infrastructure G. ALEXANDRI: Abstract. http://www.uncanny.net/ a Gentrification: variety of ways, order to achieve the are “assisted”, (actually

50

investment: from programme development, such as the European Centre of Expertise on

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, PPPs (EPEC) or project-level technical assistance in JASPERS, through to tailored Types of intervention, Concerns ofthrough Gentrification financialDefinition, support, through equity, notably the Marguerite Fund, as well as LGTT. Concerns European Fund for Strategic Investment (EFSI) The European Union Institutions with their studies as well as scholars and real economy actors believe that most of the money toBy overcome the investment gap must come from Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS private capital. This is not just due toUniversity, the budgetary constraints of Member States.

It is Harvard Graduate School of Design, Student, pivotal because private capital should beBy putMr. to George-Sp. work in a way C. that fosters growth, fosters ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect innovation, and fosters competitiveness.

Student of the School of Architecture

Tapping private funds shouldn´t be a problem. As studiesTechnical and data University demonstrate, the of Crete capital is there, there is ample liquidity in the system. As a matter of fact, Europe has become a net lenderapproach: of capital toDefining the rest of the the world.

1. Introductory concept

1. Introductory approach: the Also, the need for investment is Defining there.

Thephilosopher, taskconcept force of (444 the Member States, the ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek BC - 370 BC, which Athens), European Commission and the EIB jointly led, produced a list of 2000 potential projects ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the globally worth more than EUR 1.3trn. It is a diverse list, and projects need to be looked at among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. case by case. But the lack of demand has been shown to be a myth.

acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term Money is not directed to projects in Europe, because investments are perceived to be too 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term (and urban is indicated the area (or gentrification risky and too uncertain.

And gentrification) this brings a market failure not (in in liquidity, butofinPlanning) risk bearing.

1 (and urban gentrification gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various The need ofas a well), bridge as between ample liquidity on one side, and investment opportunities on Sociology the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usuallyatofEU low-income and theEuropean placement thereinstruments of artists, the other, was clearly perceived level. All the new financial ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and under thethis placement of loans, artists, the operation of ranging art galleries, restaurants, However “change”, regardless of mentioned, and from risk finance foretc. innovation InnovFin tothere midcap the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless from innovative funds to trade projects risk(and profiles, whatever otherclimate consequences has,finance, resultsaddress also rising of with landhigher prices theof address market gaps, open up to new client groups, andrising reflect of changing policy priorities whatever other consequences has, results also land prices (and the potential relative speculation). and Member States’speculation). financing requirements. potential relative The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to A then bridge at gentrification a significant bigger scale to better connect liquidity The term iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s andinvestment itareas refersofto the observed trend of to buy property in and poor opportunities in Europe cameofthough as an essential part property of the Investment Plan putof the then observed trend wealthy people to buy in poor areas London, upgrade them, stayisthemselves sometimes there andfor thus old residents are forward by the Commission to set up a new European Fund Strategic Investment London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”.

(EFSI), which seeks very much to draw upon the above mentioned collective experience. being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this Fund, phenomenon included of Sociologist This will be a dedicated managed isand hosted in by the the work European Investment Ruth Bank A and description ofperiod, this phenomenon included inwere the recorded workThe of Fund Sociologist Ruth (EIB) by the EIB and the is European Commission. will finance GLASS at co-financed the same while similar situations in other major strategic projects across the EU in infrastructure such as broadband, energy and transport; GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. education, research and innovation; renewable energy and energy efficiency. Part of the cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its middle more newSince financing will be dedicated to supporting investment

by SMEs and its then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars andthe for more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from various capitalisation (mid-cap) companies through the European Investment Fund (EIF), an entity comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations theofphenomenon gentrification, dedicated to thisof kind financing withinofthe EIB-Group. the following: interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thecategory following: In rationale a sense, the phenomenon dueto tocapture a trendriskier of a new of social groups The of the EFSI is to beisable projects and engage in activities tothat “return” the city, leavinginterest, the purlieus for several reasons: costs This in money are oftogreater strategic and thus more complex to high structure. goes beyond EUfrom programmes and the more traditional activities the EIB andof other and timeexisting to travel the purlieus to downtown, where work of place is, lack the financial institutions.

1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, where shewhich made her studies.

In 1932 she published important entitled: The new will first aim entertainment at strategic investment choices, be study attractive to services ofFund, health, education, “at the heartan ofshould the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment.

The same year shecomplex left Germany and after continuous movements for private investors as it assumes the more and risk-bearing part of the transaction. lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc. studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back to London, where The Fund provide partial risk protection (first loss protection) toto the EIB teacher Group (EIB in 1943 shewill published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning.

In 1950 she became in the According to another approach, the is due a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public action and and EIF).

This risk protection will allow the EIB to offer products that absorb more risk than long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her are characterized by a added passion for justice.

See also: ENGLISH DICTIONARY. theirwork traditional products. High value projects but withCOLLINS higher risks, that currently are and selling real estate, etc., forasthe depreciation initially ofA part of therisk urban web, in 10th edit.toWil. COLLINS SONS Ltd.become London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Encyclopedia: not able attract finance, willAND aCo result investible. part of theFree capacity of G. ALEXANDRI: Abstract. wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, order to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually the Fund can also bein used together with http://www.uncanny.net/ National Promotional Banks.

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

The purpose of the new Fund is to complement current EIB Group activities by focusing exclusively on strategic investments that are necessary for Europe’s return to growth but have a different risk profile to the projects currently financed by the EIB. The guarantee by the EU budget will ensure that investment in such projects will generate interesting returns and should therefore more easily crowd-in a greater number of private sector investors.

The new fund is only one part of a jigsaw. Alone, it will not solve the problem. A key element of the new approach is therefore that baselineC. funding activity will keep

By European Mr. George-Sp. ATHANASOPOULOS sprinkling real economy, being the foundation on which this new initiative rests. Member Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, States and National Promotional Banks will also be able to contribute additionally, either at

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect the level of the Fund or by co-financing various projects. Clearly and critically, decisive Student of the School of Architecture action on the regulatory front, at national and EU-wide levels, to create an environment Crete more conducive to private investment is a pre-requisite for theTechnical successful University operation ofofthe new fund. As the Investment Plan for Europe prioritized, Europe has to become much 1.business Introductory Defining the concept more friendlyapproach: than it is today.

1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept

the as ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), The ANTISTHENIS, EU budget will provide guarantee funding which will progressively constitute EUR ANTISTHENIS, theEU ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), 16bn, backed upwise by existing funds, while EIB will contribute an additional EUR 5bn among other heritage he left us,the he established a great the in risk-bearing Together thisleft can at of least 315bn in additional the among other wise heritage us,catalyse he established a great acquisition ofcapacity. knowledge startshe with the definition theEUR content of“principle”: concepts. investment finance. acquisition of knowledge starts with the definition of the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term Risk Capacity Multiplier Investment 1 (and urban therefore, on Bearing this “principle” inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) is area of Planning) (or gentrification (averaged) in the real economy 1 gentrification (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Long-term investments 16 bn 240 bn Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, SMEs & mid-cap 5 bn 75 bn 15 ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”,there regardless of companies the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless of whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the Total 21 bn 315 bn whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found in the UK in(EFSI) early 1960s and it refers to A new European Fundat forfirst Strategic Investments The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more Since then, the issue has several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized from comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new category of social groups to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public action and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: The new Fund will set up within EIB. Itsthe mission is to provide catalytic funding and G. be ALEXANDRI: Abstract. http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order to the achieve “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually EFSI Based,

52

to reduce the risk inherent in viable, necessary projects that are currently just on the wrong

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

side of the risk equation for potential investors. In other words: The fund will reduce the risk involved in existing strategic, value added, viable investment opportunities, and attract private capital to strategic projects which would otherwise have been delayed or never got off the ground.

To achieve this, EFSI will be initially endowed with a EUR 16bn guarantee from the Commission and EUR 5bn from the EIB´s own resources. By reducing risk, EFSI funds will help mobilise at least EUR 315bn bn in private and public investments over three years.

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS According to European Commission estimates, theGraduate InvestmentSchool Plan has the potential to Harvard University, of Design, Student, create 1 to 1.3 million new jobs in the coming three years.

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS

Architect

The Investment Initiative has often been criticised forStudent relying on an unrealistic of the School of multiplier.

Architecture EIB President Hoyer in February 2015 though, blankly stated that “This isUniversity not correct”.

Technical ofAs Crete he explained, in fact, the EFSI is no different in nature from what the EIB Group delivers in other of its activity.

The 15-fold multiplier is more conservative than the 18-fold 1. areas Introductory approach: Defining the concept multiplier the EIB predicted – and delivered – at the time of the 2013 capital increase.

1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept

ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens),

The EFSI comes about the by making smarter use of the EU budget by ANTISTHENIS, ancient Greek philosopher, BCresources -“principle”: 370 BC,and Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the redirecting the excess risk bearing capacity of the EIB. By doing a risk-buffer of EUR 21bn among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great “principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with the definition of the content of concepts. is created, which allows catalysing at least EUR 315bn in investments. The objective is to acquisition of knowledge starts with the definition of the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term mobilise additional investments that would not have happened in a “business as usual”1context, Based, therefore, on role this “principle” inindicated aand first, if (in not final, the term scenario.

In this the of the new Fund other policies is approach, to of mobilise public (and urban gentrification) is the area Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and money and kick-start private investment and co-financing without creating new debt.

The (or gentrification urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various EFSI will useasinstruments which are familiar to the Bank: removal high risk from loans,this, guarantees, Sociology well), as the “refining” of a city area, (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of equity low-income andthe the placement of subordinated and mezzanine debt and or equity-like investments alsothere for SMEs, so ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, thetooperation art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of as crowd-in asofmuch private investments as possible.

the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of

whatever other consequences has, results also rising ofsources land prices (andbutthe Each of these products has a different effect in mobilising further of funding whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative speculation). their common effect is that they serve as the buffer to absorb risk so others can provide potential relative speculation).

Thewhile term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to funding taking reduced risks.

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to

the trend of wealthy people buy property poor In thisthen way, observed investors are not crowded out but, on the to contrary, the way is in paved for areas privateof the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor London, upgrade them, stay themselves andinthus old residents capital which otherwise would be reluctant sometimes to invest inthere projects Europe.

The areas EFSIareof London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are funded investment will amount to around EUR 105bn on a yearly basis until 2017. being indirectly “squeezed”.

being indirectlyaround “squeezed”.

Awilldescription of thisa phenomenon included ininthe work ofinvestment Sociologist Ruth This represent third of total EIBisGroup impact mobilising across A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is close included inwere the recorded work ofCommission, Sociologist Ruth Europe, enable the EIB to further work in partnership with the to GLASSand at the same while similar situations in other major respond to Europe´s market failure.

This surely sends a strong signal to strengthen GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. confidence and to improve the competitiveness of Europe´s economy. cities in Western countries, by other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more Mobilising Finance for Investment-leverage Since then, the issue has preoccupied several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach are being summarized from comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new category of social groups to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public action and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, Types oftheintervention, Concerns of Gentrification The investment needs in infrastructure in Europe over next decade are tremendous – delivering this investment is key to ensuring economic growth and competitiveness in the region, as well as meeting long-term climate goals.

Concerns Conclusions

Public budgets – both at national and EU level – will remain constrained over the medium term and in some cases longer; hence it is paramount to involve the private sector. Yet,

By Mr. ATHANASOPOULOS due to the financial crisis, important sources of George-Sp. liquidity have C. dried up; and securing attractive long-term finance for Harvard project companies remains difficult.

University, Graduate School of Design, Student,

By financial Mr. George-Sp. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect The new European joint EU instruments and products, C. with EFSI spearheading of theeconomy, School ofcan Architecture the European response to the investment drying out ofStudent the European play a useful and significant role in stimulating investment in Technical key European sizeable University of Crete infrastructure and industrial projects, as well as SMEs.

1. Introductory approach: the Building on previous financial toolsDefining developed in concept synergy by the European Commission 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept and ANTISTHENIS, the EIB, the EFSI constitutes a prime paradigm shift in the use BC of limited funds, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 - 370 public BC, Athens), away from grants and subsidies towards loans and guarantees, in order leverage ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370toBC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the private capital and wise multiply the effecthe of left the initial funding. among other heritage us, he established a great “principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with the definition of the content of concepts.

Together with continuing

by Member States andifthe EU to introduce structural acquisition of knowledge starts with thein definition of the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, onefforts this “principle” a first, not final, approach, the term reforms and to modernise regulation, mobilising capital innot thefinal, way approach, the Juncker-Plan 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if the term urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification (andthe intends will generate necessary confidence to address the economic challenges that 1 (and urban gentrification gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or Sociology well), as the “refining” of atrack cityto area, the global removal from this, (in various Europe facesasand set the Union on the right recover competitiveness.

Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement

There is, of course, more to investment than just tangible capital. In advanced economies, ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and thetoplacement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, etc. However “change”, regardless growth is crucially dependent onrestaurants, intangible capital and has this be sustainable.

Hence, of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof Europe’s growth strategy requires:

whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to · And a shift to a more resource-efficient economy.

The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor Lending to RD&I must remain one of European centraltopriorities for the future.

Research the then observed trend of wealthy people buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there anddrivers thus old residents areof and development, andthem, the innovation associated with it, are there the main of productivity London, upgrade stay themselves sometimes and thus old residents are being indirectly growth.

Investment“squeezed”. in this sector is therefore critical for Europe if it does not want to be being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon side-lined by new players in the global game.is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other Since RD&I spending by businesses tends tosituations be strongly cyclical, public supportmajor is GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western other Researchers. particularly importantcountries, in times ofby economic downturns. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has andimportant for its more Now, if safeguarding funding for innovation in a several recessionscholars is especially for Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for various its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the developed countries at the frontier of technology, another challenge of truly global comprehensive approach being summarized below, from therole various dimensions concerns energy andare climate policy.

This will an essential in interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, theplay following: interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: achieving green growth and green innovation.

In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new category of social groups In of crises as city, well as in “good there alwaysreasons: be investment that financial totimes “return” to the leaving thetimes,” purlieus forwill several high costs in money markets alone will failfrom to fund, though it would boost growth potential, and time to travel the even purlieus to downtown, where work place employment is, lack of the and well-being forcomes generations.

TheRuth needGLASS, for greater cooperation term from Sociologist 1912-1940.

Ruthamong GLASSfinancing wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety atfuture the resources distributed residencies outside town centres, search for institutions to mobilize no single institution can mobilize on itsstudy own entitled: - is Berlin, where she made her first that studies.

In 1932 she published an important services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) growing.

Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access to markets, etc. studies andchallenge research Prague, and car Neweasier York she came back to London, where The current is Geneva, to contribute toLondon good standards of living without depleting the in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and Earth’s resources or running up massive levels of public debt. Long-term development University College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public action and long-term informal by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying cannot be sacrificed for effort short-term benefit. her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling real estate, etc., for the depreciation initially oftopart of the urban web, in 10th edit.

Wil. COLLINS SONS AND Co Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: It would be naïve to believe that there is a simple, single answer fix Europe's investment G. ALEXANDRI: Abstract. http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: varietyThe of Investment ways, in order toforward achieve theCommission “assisted”, (actually problems.

Plan put by the is “voluntary”, part of a comprehensive relativeofspeculation). ·potential An acceleration investment in research, development, innovation and education;

54

approach to accompany growth and the creation of jobs in Europe by combining structural

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns References

reforms, fiscal responsibility and a boost to investment. All national governments must contribute their fair share. The EU cannot pull it off alone.

Organisations

By Mr.Regionum George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS 1. Assembly of European Regions, "Tabula Europae.", Strasbourg, 2008 2. EBA (European Banking Authority), Exercise 2013 Harvard University,“EU-wide GraduateTransparency School of Design, Student, Summary Report”, December,2013.

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect 3. European Central Bank, The Euro Area Bank Student Lending Survey, 2nd Quarter of 2013 of the School of Architecture 4. European Commission, “Towards a Deep and Genuine Economic and Monetary Technical University of Crete Union – The Introduction of a Convergence and Competitiveness Instrument”, Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept COM(2013) 165 final, 2013 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept 5.ANTISTHENIS, European Economic and Social Committee, PHILIPPE DE- BUCK, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC 370 BC,DIRECTOR Athens), GENERAL, address the “WAYS TO (444 REBUILD THE EUROPEAN ANTISTHENIS, theatancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage heConference left us, he established a great the SOCIAL ECONOMY” 22–23 January 2009 among other wise heritage leftthe us, he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition ofMARKET knowledge startshe with definition of the content concepts. the 6. European Investment Bank (EIB), "50 years of sustainable investment, 1958-2008.", acquisition of knowledge starts with the definition of the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, Luxembourg, 2008on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” inindicated a first, ifconvergence notthe final, approach, term urban gentrification) is (in area Planning) (or gentrification 7. European (and Investment Bank (EIB), "Cross-country inofthe EU the stopped 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification during the recession in 2008-2009.", EIB Economic and Financial Studies, Weekly Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Note onasEconomic Financial Developments, Luxembourg, 9 March 2011of Sociology well), asand the “refining” of a city area, the fromthere this, (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and theremoval placement 8. European Investment Bank (EIB), "Income inequality inplacement the wake of the economic ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of crisis.", EIB Economic and Financial Studies, Weekly Note on Economic and Financial the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless of whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the Developments, Luxembourg, 30 March 2011 whatever other consequences has,"One results also rising of land how prices (andare the potential relative speculation).

9. European Investment Bank (EIB), question, many answers: effective potential relative speculation).

EUterm Structural Funds?",isEIB Economic and Studies, Note on The gentrification found at first in theFinancial UK in early 1960sWeekly and it refers to Economic and Financial Developments, Luxembourg, March The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK23in early2011 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor 10. European Investment Bankwealthy (EIB), "Regional convergence in Europe: Theory andof the then observed trend people to buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are empirical evidence.", Vol. 5, N° 2, Luxembourg 2000 London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”.

11. European Investment Bank (EIB), "Regional development in Europe: An assessment being indirectly “squeezed”.

A of description of this EIB phenomenon in the work policy strategies.", Papers, Vol.is5,included N° II, Luxembourg, 2000of Sociologist Ruth A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is"Regional includeddisparities inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth 12. European Investment Bank within EUother havemajor likely GLASS at the same while (EIB), similar situations in widened during the recession in 2008-2009.", EIB Economic and Financial Studies, GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers.

Weekly Note on Economicby and Financial Developments, Luxembourg, 16 March 2011 cities in Western countries, other Researchers.

Since then,Investment the issue Bank has preoccupied several scholars for its on more 13.

European (EIB), "The Impact of EIB Borrowingand Operations the Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various Integration of New Capital Markets.", EIB Evaluation Report, Luxembourg, October comprehensive approach are being summarized from the various 1999 interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thebelow, following: interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: 14.

European Investment Bank (EIB), "The positive impact of FDI on economic growth In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new category of social groups appears to have been particularly strong in CEECs.", EIB Economic and Financial to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money Studies, Weekly Note on Economic and Financial Development, Luxemburg, 6 and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the September 2002 termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, Ruth GLASS wasbetter born sense ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, for 15.1.European Parliament, “Regional Disparities and1912-1940.

Cohesion: What search Strategies for thein Berlin, where Study she made herPolicy first studies.

In 1932 she published an important study entitled: Future?” by the Department Structural and Cohesion Policies, Directorate services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for General Internal Policies of the Union, May 2007. lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, 16.

International Monetary Fund, “Global Financial Stability Report”, Washington, 2013 the in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in to another approach, the is due a systematic and 17.

OECD Economic Surveys, Euro area,April 2014 University College of London, where she continued her social research. Her public action and

long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student,

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Student of the School of Architecture Technical University of Crete

1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept 1. Introductory approach: the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term Articles/ books 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term (or gentrification (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification 1.

Athanasopoulos, Const., GE., contribution Delitheou, D., Kavvadia, H., “European Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Union Sociology as Athens, well), as2014 the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), ofLaw”, social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement 2.ways), Ashton, V., "Savings andusually Investment - the missed link?", EuroInvest, London, Autumn of social groups, of low-income and the placement there of artists, the2002 operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of Balassa, B., "The Theory of Economic Integration.", George Allen & Unwin, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless of whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the London, 1973 whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative speculation).

3.

Baldwin, R., Wyplosz, C., "The Economics of European Integration.", McGraw-Hill potential relative speculation).

Education: Berkshire, 2006 is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to The term gentrification 4.

Fredriksen, K. (2012), “Income Inequality in the European OECD The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto theBonesmo then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property inUnion”, poor Economics Department the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas of London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents Working Papers, No. 952, OECD Publishing, Paris,are 5.

London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/5k9bdt47q5zt-en. indirectly 6.being Carmignani, F.,“squeezed”. on incomeis converge effects in regional integration A description of"A thisnote phenomenon included in the work of Sociologist Ruth A description ofperiod, this phenomenon included inwere the recorded work Ruth agreements.", Economics Letters, 94, is p.situations 361-366, London, 2007 of Sociologist GLASS at the same whileVol. similar in other major 7.

Davoudi, S, “Understanding Territorial Cohesion”, Planning, Practice / Research, Vol. GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers.

20, No. 4, November 2005. by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, Since then, the issue news has preoccupied several scholars andintegration.", for its more 8. De Larosière, J., "Good and bad on Europe's financial markets Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more o comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various 2005 Europe's World The only Europe-Wide Policy Journal, N 1, Brussels, Autumn comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various 9.

Delitheou, V. D., "The Private International Investment Concept and Categories.", interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: o interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: 5, Review of Decentralization Local Government and Regional Development, N In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new category of social groups Athens, 1996 to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money 10. Hardy, S., Larsen, L. B., Freeland, F., "Regions: The Dilemmas of Integration and andCompetition?", time to travel from the purlieus downtown, where work place is,University lack of the The Regional Studies to Association International Conference, termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, of1.

Economics in Prague, Praha, 27-29 May 2008 Berlin, whereH., she"European made her first studies.and In 1932 she published an important study The entitled: 11.

Kavvadia, Integration the Peripheral Disparities in Greece. services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for wayliving ahead.", Review of Decentralisation Localeasier Government and Regional lower cost of, “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and car New York she came to back to London, Development, No 56, Athens, October 2009 in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and 12.

Kokko, A., Gustavsson, P., "Regional integration, foreign direct Her investment, and and University College of London, where she continued her social research. public action o long-term informal effort by organized manufacturers, brokers of buying regional development.", 9,groups, N 1,See Luxemburg, May 2004 her work are characterizedEIB by aPapers, passionVol. for justice. also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling real estate,and etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part the urban web, in 13.

Mergos, G., COLLINS "Social Economic Evaluation Investment andof Politics.", Benou, 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London of 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: Athens, 2002 G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

56

14. Molle, W., "The Economics of European Integration.", Aldreshot, Dartmouth, 1991

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Επεβλήθησαν GENTRIFICATION Definition, Typesοικονομικώς… of Intervention, Σχέσεις Κύπρου - Κεφαλληνίας Definition, Types of intervention, Concerns of Gentrification Concerns Του κ. Γιώργου ΓΕΩΡΓΗ Καθηγητού Πανεπιστημίου ΝΕΑΠΟΛΙΣ, Πάφου, πρώην Πρέσβη της Κύπρου στην Ελλάδα

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, Ο Κεφαλλήν είναι τολμηρός, ριψοκίνδυνος, φιλότιμος, τοπικιστής, ευφυέστατος, By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect αποφασιστικότατος και εργατικότατος…. Είναι κατ’ εξοχήν αποδημητικός, η δε τάσις Student of the School of Architecture του προς το ταξιδεύειν και προς την περιπέτειαν δια την δημιουργίαν καλυτέρας τύχης Technical University of Crete αποτελεί την κυριωτέραν ιδιότητα του χαρακτήρος των. Παροικίαι Κεφαλλήνων

ευρίσκονται πανταχού σχεδόν της γης, ιδίως όμως οι Κεφαλλήνες μετανάσται 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept κατώρθωσαν να δράσουν και να επιβληθούν οικονομικώς εις Κωνσταντινούπολιν, εις τα 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 ANTISTHENIS, theκαι ancient Greek κέντρα philosopher, BC -εις 370ταBC, Athens), παράλια της Ρουμανίας τα εμπορικά του Δουνάβεως, παράλια του ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great “principle”: the ρωσικού Ευξείνου Πόντου, εις την Αίγυπτον, Σουδάν, Λονδίνον και άλλας παραλίους among wiseΑυστραλίαν, heritage leftthe us, he established a great the acquisition of knowledge startshe with definition of the content of“principle”: concepts. πόλεις τηςother Ευρώπης, Ινδίαν, Μαδαγασκάρην, νότιον Αφρικήν, Αβησσυνίαν, acquisition of knowledge starts with the definition of the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term Βόρειον Αμερικήν και αλλαχού.

1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) area (or gentrification Επίσης επεβλήθησαν οικονομικώςis και επιστημονικώς οιof Planning) αποδημούντες 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as the “refining” of a cityδε area, the removal from this, (in various Κεφαλλήνεςas well), εις την Ελλάδα, υπάρχουν πυκναί και ακμάζουσαι παροικίαι Sociology asεις well), as the “refining” of a cityΑίγιον, area, removal fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe the placement Κεφαλλήνων Αθήνας, Πειραιά, Πάτραν, Πύργον, Θεσσαλονίκην, Βόλον, 1 ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, . Κέρκυραν και αλλού the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof whatever other consequences has,Ελληνική results also rising of land prices (and the Ετσι περιγράφει στη Μεγάλη Εγκυκλοπαίδεια ο δημοσιογράφος potential relative speculation). potential relative speculation). Κώστας Φαλτάϊτς το χαρακτήρα κατοίκων Κεφαλληνίας The term gentrification is found atτων first in the UK inτης early 1960s and it και refersτην to The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersof κεφαλληνιακή αποδημία. κεφαλληνιακές παροικίες πρέπει προστεθεί ηto the then observed trend Στις ofiswealthy to buy property inναpoor the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas Κύπρος. Ο μεγάλος κύπριος ιστοριοδίφης και μελετητής Αριστείδης Κουδουνάρης London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thusπληθυσμού old residentsκαι are με τις indirectly μελέτες του για την επτανησιακή σύνθεση του κυπριακού being “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”. τις μονογραφίες του για τους Επτανησίους της Κύπρου έχει καταδείξει τη A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work στη of Sociologist Ruth σημαντική καιsame σημαίνουσα παρουσία των Επτανησίων που GLASS at the while similar inΚύπρο, other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major αποτέλεσαν τον countries, πυρήνα για τη δημιουργία όχι μόνο της πρώιμης κυπριακής cities in Western by other Researchers. cities inτάξης Western countries, by other Researchers. αστικής και μιας ιδιόμορφης τοπικής αριστοκρατίας. Ο for μεγαλύτερος Since then,αλλά the issue has preoccupied several scholars and its more 2.

Sinceτων then, the issue has several below, scholars andΚεφαλλονιά for various its more αριθμός Επτανησίων τηςpreoccupied Κύπρου προέρχεται από την comprehensive approach are being summarized from the comprehensive approach summarized below, from theαπό various Χαρακτηριστικά μητρώο are τωνbeing Υπηκόωνtheπου παραδόθηκε το interpretations ofστο the phenomenon ofΙονίων gentrification, following: interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: Βρετανικό στο Ελληνικό Προξενείο το 1864, αμέσως μετά την παραχώρηση της In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new category of social groups Επτανήσου στην καταγράφονται Ιόνιοι, reasons: 85 από την 46 to “return” to the Ελλάδα city, leaving the purlieus 207 for several highΚεφαλλονιά, costs in money από τη Ζάκυνθο, 34 από τα Κύθηρα, 21 από την Κέρκυρα, 17 από τους Παξούς και and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the μόνο1.4of από τηνat Λευκάδα.

The term comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, where she made herοικείος first studies.

In 1932 sheναυτικό published an εμπορικό important study entitled: Η Κύπρος ήταν χώρος για το και κόσμο της services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment.

The same yearΙθάκης. she left Germany and after continuous movements ου Κεφαλλονιάς και της γειτονικής Ήδη από τα μέσα του 18 αιώνα οιfor lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, Κεφαλλονίτες δρουν στα παράλια της Κύπρου ως έμποροι καιtobecame πειρατές. Το 1749 in According 1943 she published studies regarding city planning.

In 1950 she teacher in the to another approach, the phenomenon is due a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public action and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying 1 are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. her work Μεγάλη Ελληνική Εγκυκλοπαίδεια, τόμος initially ΙΔ, σ. 304.of part of the urban web, in and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation 10th edit.

Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: 2 Αριστείδης Κουδουνάρης, «Η κάθοδος των Επτανησίω εις Κύπρον»,(actually Πρακτικά G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, Β΄ Διεθνούς Κυπριολογικού Συνεδρίου, τόμος Γ., Λευκωσία, 1987, σ. 77 - 91, βλ. σ. 89.

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

58

ο θιακός καπετάνιος Δημήτρης Βλασσόπουλος, κυβερνήτης της κέκιας «Οι δυο προφήτες Σαμουήλ και Δανιήλ», πλοιοκτήτης ένας εβραίος της Βενετίας, ταξιδεύει στην Κύπρο, με πλήρωμα από Επτανήσιους3 ενώ το 1782 ταξίδεψε στην Κύπρο η νεότευκτη πολάκα των αδελφών Ιωάννη και Πιέρου Κουντούρη «Παναγιά Αγρήλης και Άγιος Νικόλαος» με καπετάνιο το Σπύρο Ιωάννη Κουντούρη, γιο του ενός από τους πλοιοκτήτες4. Το 1791 οι κεφαλλονίτες αδερφοί Ανδρέας και Φώτης Λυκιαρδόπουλος επεκτείνουν την επαναστατική George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS δράση του Λάμπρου Κατσώνη μέχρι By τηνMr. Κύπρο. Με ορμητήριο τη Λάρνακα και Harvard University, Graduate School of Design,στα Student, έχοντας υψώσει στα πλοία τους τη ρωσική σημαία ασκούν πειρατεία νερά By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS 5 Architect της Κύπρου .

Student of the School of Architecture Οι Κεφαλλονίτες χρησιμοποιούσαν διάφορα είδη πλοίων, μπριγκαντίνια, Technical University of Crete νάβες, καραβέλλες, κέκιες και πολάκες αλλά ο πιο διαδεδομένος τύπος ήταν η ο μαρτσιλιάνα που στο 18 αιώνα τον είχαν στη διαχείρισή τους κυρίως 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept κεφαλλονίτες καραβοκύρηδες.

1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, Τα κεφαλλονίτικα καράβια μεταφέρουν από την Κύπρο, σκάλα των ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444great BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among he left us, he established ταξιδιώνother τους wise προςheritage την Ανατολή, κυρίως αλάτι αλλά καιaκαλό κρασί, ζάχαρη the και among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. the βαμβάκι. acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts.

Based, on this “principle” a first, Επτανήσιοι if of not final, approach, the term Οι therefore, Κεφαλλονίτες όπως και οι άλλοι που προσέγγιζαν, 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term (andή urban gentrification) is indicated area of (or gentrification εγκαταστάθηκαν στη Κύπρο μέχρι(inτοthe1797 ωςPlanning) βενετσιάνοι 1 (andεμπορεύονταν gentrification urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or Sociology well), as the “refining” of a city area, removal from this, various υπήκοοι, as σούδιτοι προστατεύονταν από τιςtheΔιομολογήσεις. Οι(inαλλαγές Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social usuallyτοof προνομιακό low-income and the placement of artists, κυριαρχίας δενgroups, επηρέασαν καθεστώς κάτω there από το οποίο ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless of διετελούσαν στα εδάφη της Οθωμανικής Αυτοκρατορίας. Από προστατευόμενοι the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the της Ενετίας έγιναν για λίγο γάλλοι και στη συνέχεια Ιόνιοι υπήκοοι, γάλλοι ξανά,of whatever otherspeculation). consequences alsoμέχρι risingτοof1864 land και prices the potential relative προστατευόμενοι της Βρετανίας has, απόresults το 1814 στο(and τέλος potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to έλληνες υπήκοοι. Η διαρκής ευρωπαϊκή προνομία την οποία απολάμβαναν από The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas of πολύ ενωρίς έδωσε την ευκαιρία για την οικονομική και κοινωνική ανάπτυξήto the στις then observed trend of wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves and thus old residents areof τους περιοχές όπου είχαν εγκατασταθεί.

London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly Ανάμεσα“squeezed”. στους Κεφαλλήνες που εγκαταστάθηκαν στη Κύπρο ξεχωρίζουν being indirectly “squeezed”. description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist τα A μέλη των οικογενειών Καρύδη, Βαλσαμάκη, Βοντιτσιάνου, ΠεριστιάνηRuth και A description ofperiod, this is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major Αγγελάτου. Πρόκειται γιαphenomenon οικογένειες που μονοπώλησαν για χρόνια τον πλούτο GLASS at the same period, were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, bywhile other Researchers. και τα προξενικά αξιώματα στηνsimilar Κύπροsituations και βαθμιαία κυπροποιήθηκαν, ως cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied otherκοινότητας Researchers.

Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more εξέχοντα πάντα μέλη της ελληνικής του νησιού.

Since then,φαίνεται the issue preoccupied several scholars andthe for Καρύδη, its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from various Πρώτη ότιhas εγκαταστάθηκε στην Κύπρο η οικογένεια comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various ου 6 από το Ληξούρι, στις αρχές του 18 αιώνα . Οι the Καρύδηδες σε interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, following:υπηρέτησαν interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: διάφορες προξενικές θέσεις καιisσυνδέθηκαν μεof επιγαμίες με τις σημαντικότερες In a sense, the phenomenon due to a trend a new category of social groups κυπριακές Εξέχουσα μορφή, οfor Κωνσταντίνος - Αθανάσιος to “return”οικογένειες. to the city, leaving the purlieus several reasons: high costs Καρύδης, in money ο οποίος τοtravel 1773from χειροτονήθηκε ναό της Σκαρίνου ιεροδιάκονος από and time to the purlieusστο to downtown, where work place is, lack of τον the termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly)for Youth Unemployment.

The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements ος 3 Νίκος Στ. Βλασόπουλος, Ιόνιοι έμποροι και Καραβοκύρηδες στη Μεσόγειο, 16 lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, ος αιώνας, Αθήνα 2001, σ.approach, 184.

- in 18According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another the is due a systematic and 4 University College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public action and Στο ίδιο, σ.

187. long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying 5 are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. her work Στο ίδιο, σ. 130. and selling real estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit.

Wil. COLLINS SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: 6 Αριστείδης Κουδουνάρης, Μερικαί Παλαιαί Οικογένειαι της Κύπρου, Λευκωσία G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually 1972, σ. 41.

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

Μητροπολίτη Κιτίου Μακάριο. Αργότερα χειροτονήθηκε σε επίσκοπο Λιβύης και το 1794 εξελέγη Μητροπολίτης Νικομηδείας, όπου ανέπτυξε σημαντικό κοινωφελές και εκπαιδευτικό έργο για μια τριακονταετία. Συνοδικός στη Κωνσταντινούπολη το 1821 συνυπέγραψε τον Φεβρουάριο, τον αφορισμό του Αλεξάνδρου Υψηλάντη. Μετά την έναρξη της επανάστασης στην Πελοπόννησο συνελήφθη μαζί με άλλους επισκόπους και κλείσθηκε στις φυλακές της Κωνσταντινούπολης μαζί με τους μητροπολίτες Εφέσου Διονύσιο και Αγχιάλου

By Mr. George-Sp. ATHANASOPOULOS Ευγένιο, όπου υπέστησαν φρικτά βασανιστήρια. Στις 10C. Απριλίου 1821 αμέσως Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, μετά τον απαγχονισμό του Πατριάρχη Γρηγορίου του Ε΄ οι τρεις φυλακισμένοι By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect ιεράρχες οδηγήθηκαν από το δεσμωτήριο προς την κιγκλιδωτή πύλη μέσα σε of the School Architecture προπηλακισμούς και δοκιμασίες. Λίγο πριν τηνStudent άφιξη στο χώρο τηςofεκτέλεσης ο Technical University of Crete κυπροκεφαλλονίτης εθνομάρτυρας προσευχόταν: «Θεέ μου, approach: μη με παραδώση εις concept τα ικρία να με βασανίσουν μέχρι 1. Introductory Defining the τελευταίας αναπνοής, αλλά παράλαβε τώρα την ψυχήν μου εις χείρας 1. Introductory approach: the παρακαλώ concept (444 the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, BC - 370 BC, Athens), ΣουANTISTHENIS, εν ειρήνη»7.

ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the Εξέπνευσε πριν φτάσουν στο χώρο της αγχόνης αλλά οι“principle”: δήμιοι του τον among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. κρέμασαν και νεκρό. acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition of the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if not final, approach, the term Η ελληνική εκκλησία για λόγους πολιτικής κι εθνικής σκοπιμότητας 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, theτους term urban gentrification) of Planning) (or gentrification αγιοποίησε τον(and Πατριάρχη Γρηγόριο Ε΄ αλλά παρέλειψε ναarea συμπεριλάβει 1 (and gentrification urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various τρεις συμμάρτυρές του.

Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), ofΟιsocial groups, usually of low-income and the placement artists, Καρύδηδες συγγένεψαν εξ αγχιστείας με την there άλληof ισχυρή ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless of κεφαλλονίτικη οικογένεια της Κύπρου, τους Βοντιτσιάνους, με το γάμοartists, της the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless of whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the Θέκλας Καρύδη, κόρης του Παύλου, με τον Αντώνιο Βοντιτσιάνο. whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, resultsοικογένεια also risingτης of Άσσου land prices (and the 8. Ο Αντώνιος potential Οιrelative Βοντιτσιάνοι ήσαν αριστοκρατική potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to Βοντιτσιάνος, γιος του Παύλου γεννημένος το 1755, μάλλον στο Ληξούρι, The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas of σπούδασε στο Παρίσι και στο Λονδίνο εργάστηκε στη Βρετανική Πρεσβεία στηνto the then observed trend wealthy people toκαγκελάριος buy property inστη poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof Κωνσταντινούπολη και το of 1799 τοποθετήθηκε και συνέχεια London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. υποπρόξενος επικεφαλής του αγγλικού προξενείου στη Λάρνακα της Κύπρου. being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the του workτοof1838 Sociologist Ruth Διατήρησε την προξενική του θέση μέχρι το θάνατό και υπήρξε A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is included inwere the workδεκαετίες of Sociologist Ruth ου GLASS at προσωπικότητα the same while similar situations recorded in other κορυφαία της Κύπρου στις τέσσερεις πρώτες τουmajor 19 GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities Western countries, other Researchers. αιώνα.in Ασχολήθηκε με το by εμπόριο και η οικονομική του επιφάνεια ήταν τόσο cities inώστε Western countries, byΑρχιεπισκοπή other Researchers.

Since then, issue την has preoccupied several Ως scholars andτης forΒρετανίας its more μεγάλη ναthe δανείζει Κύπρου. πρόξενος Since πολύτιμες then, the issue has several scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied beingΧριστιανούς summarized πρόσφερε υπηρεσίες στους τουbelow, νησιούfrom κατά την περίοδο comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the του κατατρεγμού και phenomenon των σφαγών of τον Ιούλιο του 1821. Από το γάμο τουvarious με τη interpretations of the gentrification, the following: interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: Θέκλα επτάisκόρες, πέθαναν σεgroups μικρή In a Καρύδη sense, theαπέκτησε phenomenon due to τρεις a trendαπό of aτις newοποίες category of social ηλικία ενώ to οιthe άλλες επιφανείς γόνους κυπριακού to “return” city,τέσσερεις leaving theπαντρεύτηκαν purlieus for several reasons: highτου costs in money αρχοντολογίου. Κύπρο ακολούθησαν τον Αντώνιο Βοντιτσιάνο and time to travelΣτην from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of και the 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist GLASS, 1912-1940.

GLASS for wasbetter born in εγκαταστάθηκαν στη Λάρνακα, ο Ruth νεότερος αδελφός τουRuth Ανδρέας, πλούσιος sense safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, search Berlin, where she made her first διετέλεσε studies. In κατά 1932 she published an important της entitled: έμπορος στην πόλη, ο οποίος περιόδους υποπρόξενος Ρωσίας services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”,study (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and 7 University College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public action and Στο ίδιο, σ.

47. long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying 8 are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. her work Κωνσταντίνος Μυριανθόπουλος, Χατζηγεωργάκις Κορνέσιος, ο Διερμηνεύς and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web,της in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: Κύπρου, 1799 1805, ήτοι Συμβολαί εις την Ιστορίαν της Κύπρου επί Τουρκοκρατίας G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually (1579 - 1878), Λευκωσία 1934, σ. 220.

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

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και του Ηνωμένου Βασιλείου της Σουηδίας και Νορβηγίας καθώς και ο ανηψιός του Ανδρέας, γιος του πρωτότοκου αδελφού του Παναγή. Ο Νικόλαος Βοντιτσιάνος, γεννημένος στο Ληξούρι το 1806, όταν πέθανε ο πατέρας του κλήθηκε το 1827 στην Κύπρο από το θείο του, ο οποίος τον υιοθέτησε, του παραχώρησε το μεγάλο τσιφλίκι των Βοντιτσιάνων στην Ορμηδεια. Ενας άλλος Βοντιτσιάνος, συγγενής των πρώτων, ο γιατρός Πέτρος Παύλος Βοντιτσιάνος εγκαταστάθηκε στη Λάρνακα το 1772, όπου νυμφεύθηκε Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS τη κόρη του πρόξενου της ΒενετίαςBy Μπερνάντο Καπράρα. Η μοναχοκόρη του Harvard University, Graduate School Design, Student, Αννέτα παντρεύτηκε το γιατρό Κωνσταντίνο Βαλσαμάκη, γιοofτου Κεφαλλονίτη By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect εμπόρου στη Λάρνακα Ηλία Βαλσαμάκη. Ο γιός του Ηλία Βαλσαμάκη και της Student of the School Architecture Αννέτας Βοντιτσιάνου Παύλος σπούδασε γιατρός στην Πίζα και of άσκησε την Technical University Crete ιατρική στη Λάρνακα. Το 1828 διορίστηκε από την Ιερά Σύνοδο καιofτους προύχοντες της Κύπρου μέλος της Τριμελούς 1. Introductory approach: Defining the conceptαντιπροσωπείας, μαζί με το Δημήτριο Φραγκούδη και το Χαράλαμπο Μάλη, που επισκέφθηκε τον Κυβερνήτη 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept ANTISTHENIS, Greek philosopher, BC - 370 Athens), Ιωάννη Καποδίστρια the και ancient επέδωσε γραπτό αίτημα για(444 περίληψη τηςBC, Κύπρου στο ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the αρτισύστατο ελληνικό κράτος. Τα σχετικά έγγραφα μετέφερε στη Πελοπόννησο ο among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. ίδιος ο Παύλος Βαλσαμάκης, που ως Ιόνιος Άγγλος προστατευόμενος, μπορούσε acquisition of knowledge starts with the definition the content of concepts. therefore, onεκτός this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, term να Based, ταξιδεύει ελεύθερα Κύπρου. Οιin Βαλσαμάκηδες διακρίθηκαν ως the έμποροι 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term urban gentrification) is indicated (in theμε area Planning)τους (or gentrification και γιατροί και(and όπως και οι άλλοι Επτανήσιοι του νησιού τιςof επιγαμιες 1 (and gentrification urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or Sociology well), as the “refining” of a city area, the fromκυπροποιημένες this, (in various βαθμιαία as κυπροποιήθηκαν και συνδέθηκαν με removal τις άλλες Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of socialοικογένειες groups, usually low-income the placement there of artists, επτανησιακές αλλάof και κυπριακές and οικογένειες που ξεχώριζαν με τον ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless of πλούτο και την κοινωνική τους δράση. Στους τελευταίους γόνους της οικογένειας the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the περιλαμβάνεται ο διαπρεπής ζωγράφος, πρύτανης της Ανώτατης Σχολής Καλώνof whatever otherspeculation). consequences resultsπαππούς also rising of καταγόταν land prices από (and τα the potential relative Τεχνών Γιώργος Μαυροΐδης. Ο has, ομώνυμος του potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to Κύθηρα και είχε νυμφευθεί τη Ρεβέκκα Βαλσαμάκη.

TheΜε term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas of την ίδρυση της Επτανησιακής Πολιτείας υπήρξε μέριμνα για τηνto the then observed trend wealthy people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old residents areof προξενική της ανιτπροσώπευση ώστεsometimes να διασφαλιστούν τα συμφέροντα της London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. ιονικής ναυτιλίας, των εμπόρων και των επτανησιακών παροικιών, ιδιαίτερα στα being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the της workΙονικής of Sociologist Ruth εδάφη της Οθωμανικής Αυτοκρατορίας. Τα προξενεία Ρεπούπλικας A description ofperiod, thisάτυπα phenomenon is situations included the recorded workδιορισμοί of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at same while similar were in other major άρχισαν ναthe λειτουργούν από το 1801 ενώ οιin επίσημοι έγιναν το GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities Western countries, by other Researchers.

1803,inπροφανώς όταν εξασφαλίστηκαν τα εκτελεστήρια των πρόξενων από την cities inΠύλη.

Western countries, by other Researchers.

Since then,Φαίνεται the issueότι has several and for itsΙονίων more Υψηλή τοpreoccupied πρώτο προξενείο τηςscholars Ρεπούπλικας των Since then, the issueΚυπαρισσία has several scholars and for its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being με summarized below, from the various Νήσων λειτούργησε στην πρώτο γενικό πρόξενο τον ζακυνθινό comprehensive approach are summarized below, from the various γιατρό Αναστάσιο Κορνήλιο. Τοbeing της the Επτανήσου Πολιτείας στη interpretations of the phenomenon ofπροξενείο gentrification, following: interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: Λάρνακα λειτούργησε το 1801 με to γενικό πρόξενο κεφαλλονίτη In a sense, the phenomenon is due a trend of a newτον category of social γιατρό groups Παναγή Αγγελάτο. to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money οδηγίες του τηςwork Ιονίου Πολιτείας and timeΜε to travel from theέκτακτου purlieus toαπεσταλμένου downtown, where place is, lack ofστη the 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth GLASS for was born Κωνσταντινούπολη Αντώνιου Τομμάζου Λευκόχειλου κλήθηκαν στιςbetter 31in sense safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, search Berlin, where she made her first studies.

In 1932 she an important study entitled: Οκτωβρίου 1801 στο επτανησιακό προξενείο καιpublished πήραν διαμονητήρια 15 άρρενες services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for επτανήσιοι υπήκοοι από τουςPrague, οποίους οι 10 ήσαν Κεφαλλονίτες. Δεν lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private car access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, London and Neweasier York she came to back to προσήλθαν London, για απογραφή και άλλοι Επτανήσιοι κατείχαν προξενικά in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning.

In 1950 she teacher in the toΚεφαλλονίτες another approach, the isπου due tobecame a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public action and αξιώματα ή ήσαν προστατευόμενοι προξενείων άλλων χωρών. Στις 28 Ιουνίου long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. 1803 έγιναν ταCOLLINS επίσημα εγκαίνια ηdepreciation ιονική σημαία υψώθηκε επίσημα τοEncyclopedia: κτίριο του and selling real estate, etc., for theCo initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free προξενείου. Με αναφορά του προς τον Serenissimo Principe Delle Sette Isole G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

Federate, τον Πρόεδρο της Γερουσίας Σπυρίδωνα Γεώργιο Θεοτόκη στη Κέρκυρα, με ημερομηνία 10 Αυγούστου τον ενημέρωσε ότι κατά τις επικρατούσες τοπικές προξενικές συνήθειες η έπαρση της σημαίας τιμήθηκε με χαιρετιστήριες βολές, ότι όλοι οι πρόξενοι ύψωσαν τις σημαίες τους και προσήλθαν να τον χαιρετίσουν, ενώ τον συγχάρηκαν επίσης όλοι οι “primate Greci”, “mie amici” όπως σημειώνει στην γραμμένη στα ιταλικά αναφορά του. Στη διάρκεια της βραχύβιας λειτουργίας του Προξενείου, όπως και της

By Mr. τον George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Ιονίου Πολιτείας, ένα αντίπαλο γνώρισε, συμπατριώτη του κεφαλλονίτη Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, Πρόξενο της Ρωσίας Κωνσταντίνο Περιστιάνη.

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Ο Αγγελάτος για να διασφαλίσει τη θέση του φρόντιζε να αποστέλλει Student of the School of Architecture δώρα και να κολακεύει τον γραμματέα της επικρατείας Κόμητα Ιωάννη Technical University of Crete Καποδίστρια. Στέλνει στον Καποδίστρια ένα the βαρέλι κουμανταρία και άλλα κυπριακά 1. Introductory approach: Defining concept προϊόντα και κατά περιόδους ζητά διάφορες εξυπηρετήσεις για ανανέωση 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BCόπως Greek philosopher, - 370 BC, Athens), τηςANTISTHENIS, θητείας του ή the τηνancient τιμωρία διαφόρων επτανησίων ναυτικών που δεν ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wiseμε heritage he left us, he established a great συμμορφώνονταν τους ναυτικούς κανονισμούς και κυρίως δεν κατέβαλλανthe τα among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge with of theΙωάννη content concepts. από προβλεπόμενα τέλη. Μετάstarts τη μετακίνηση του Κόμητα Καποδίστρια acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition of the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if not final, approach, the term τη γραμματεία της επικρατείας που είχε στην αρμοδιότητά της την εξωτερική 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” inindicated a first, if (in not final, approach, the term the area of (or gentrification πολιτική, τη ναυτιλία και gentrification) τα προξενεία οisΑγγελάτος προσπαθεί ναPlanning) εξασφαλίσει 1 (and urban gentrification gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or Sociology well), as the “refining” of a cityκόμη area,Αντωνίου the removal from this, (in την εύνοιαasτου Προέδρου της Γερουσίας Κουμούτου, τονvarious οποίο Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social usuallyτης of Ρωσίας low-income and the placement there of artists, καταγγέλλει τονgroups, υποπρόξενο Κωνσταντίνο Περιστιάνη. Ο Αγγελάτος ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless of και ο Περιστιάνης ήσαν φίλοι και το 1897 ο Αγγελάτος υπέγραψε ως μάρτυρας the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the και κουμπάρος στο γάμο του Κωνσταντίνου Περιστιάνη με την Αιμιλίαof whatever other consequences has, results also rising prices (and the potential relative speculation). Γερολαίμου από τη Λευκωσία. Ο γάμος έγινε σύμφωνα μεofτηland γαλλική προξενική potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to νομοθεσία και οι δύο Κεφαλλονίτες φίλοι μετά την κατάληψη της Επτανήσου από The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas of τους Γάλλους το 1797 ήσαν προστατευόμενοι του Γαλλικού προξενείου. Λίγο πρινto the then observed trend of wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in υποπρόξενος poor areas London, upgrade stay themselves and thus old residents areof τη λήξη του 18ουthem, αιώνα ο Κωνσταντίνος Περιστιάνης διορίσθηκε London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. της Ρωσίας και στις αρχές του δεκάτου εννάτου ο Παναγής Αγγελάτος being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of thisπρόξενος phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth τοποθετήθηκε γενικός της Ιονίου Πολιτείας. Έκτοτε άρχισε η αντιζηλία, A description phenomenon is situations included inwere the workδύο of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar recorded in other major οι προστριβές καιofperiod, ηthis αλληλοϋπονόμευση ανάμεσα στους κεφαλλονίτες GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western by other Researchers. προξένους στην countries, Κύπρο. Στην καταγγελία του προς τον Πρόεδρο της Ιονικής cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issueτις has several scholars and for its more Γερουσίας ανέφερε μετά σχετικές προσρήσεις: Since then, the issue has several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized from Μετά τας δουλικάς μουare προσκυνήσεις, λαμβάνω τοbelow, θάρροςfrom να αναφέρω της comprehensive approach being summarized the various interpretations of the phenomenon of και gentrification, the following: αυτής γαληνότητος με άκραν μου θλίψιν μετά δάκρυα εις τα μάτια, ότι δεν δύναμαι, interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thecategory following: social groups a sense, phenomenon is due a trend και of a τα new αλλ’Inούτε είναιthe τρόπος να υποφέρω ταςtoαταξίας, αφρόντε καιofινσούλτα, οπού to “return” the city, leaving the purlieus severalκιreasons: in money συνεχώς ο to εδώσε Βινσεκόνσολος Ρωσσίαςforκάμνει ενεργεί high εις costs τον Κονσολάρ and time to travel from the to downtown, workουδέποτε place is, lack the χαρακτήραν μου αδίκως καιpurlieus παραλόγως, χωρίς να where του δώσω εγώ of αιτίαν 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, ουδεμίαν αυτός με κατατρέχει είναι σχεδόν τρεις χρόνοι με σκοπόν να μου αφαιρέση το Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “atμεthe heart of the city”, να (possibly) Κονσολάτον, με το οποίον γλυκυτάτη μου ετίμησε, το λάβηfor Youth Unemployment.

The ηsame year she leftπατρίς Germany and afterστοχαζόμενος continuous movements lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, London and New York she back toανάπλεος, London, αυτός έπειτα. Δεν έλειψε, αλλά Prague, ούτε διαλείπει ο κενόδοξος, καιcame πονηρίας να in 1943 she published studies regarding city planning.

In 1950 she became teacher in the According to another approach, the phenomenon is due to a systematic and εργάζεται ποικίλα ακαταπαύστως, κατ’ εμού του δούλου της, και συρράπτων διαβολάς University College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public action and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of αρπάξη buying και διαφόρους, εις άλλο αποβλέπει ο COLLINS πονηρός, ENGLISH παρά να μου herσυκοφαντίας work are characterized byκαι a passion forδεν justice.

See also: DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in το10th Κονσολάτον. Τούτοςetc., ο φθονερός, φαντάζεται ότι να έχη επάνω εις εμέ εξουσίαν edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: Gentrification: G.είναι ALEXANDRI: Abstract. http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm aαπόλυτον, variety κι of ότι ways, inκύριος, order και to achieve the “voluntary”, (actually αφθέντης μου“assisted”, και με εξουθενεί, ως ανδράποδον, και 252161 11

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εις Κωνσταντινούπολιν εις τον εξοχώτατον πρέσβυν Ρωσσίας, πολλάς διαβολάς και συκοφαντίας έγραψεν εναντίον μου, τας οποίας ανήρεσα αποδεικνύων την αλήθειαν και αθωότητά μου. Τους Ιωνικούς σούδιτους, αυτός ο ασύνετος, δια να φέρη καταισχύνην εις τον χαρακτήρα μου, τους φυλακώνει και τους ραβδίζει με όλην την αυθάδειαν, κι εγώ αναγκάζομαι να υποφέρνω τα άτακτα κινήματά του. Πολλά ινσούλτακαι κακίας υπέφερα, έως τώρα από αυτόν, τα οποία δια να μην βαρύνω τας ακοάς της αυτής γαληνότητος σιωπώ. Προστρέχω λοιπόν γονυκλητώς, εις το έλεος της υμετέρας Γαληνότητος και δέομαι θερμώς να με ελευθερώση από τούτον τύραννον. Το ιατρικόν πιστεύω

By Mr.τον George-Sp. C. μόνον ATHANASOPOULOS να είναι εκείνο, οπού να του Harvard αφαιρεθήUniversity, το Βιτζεκονσολάτον Ρωσσίας και να Student, δωθή εις Graduateτης School of Design,

By Mr. μου, George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS εμέ τον δούλον της, δια να εύρω την ησυχίαν και ως ανήκον μοι, ωσάνArchitect οπού οι Student of the School of Architecture ταξιδεύοντες εις τα εδώθεν με ρωσικήν σημαίαν, είναι οι περισσότεροι ρεπουμπλικάνοι.

Technical University Crete Και προς πληροφορίαν της περισσοτέραν δια να καταλάβη το υποκείμενον τούτο of οποίας διαθέσεως είναι, τούτο μόνον λέγω της αυτής γαληνότητος, ότι κατά την αγίαν και 1. Introductory Defining theεκτύπησε conceptμέσα εις την εκκλησίαν τινά των μεγάλαν πέμπτην, ειςapproach: την Ιεράν ακολουθίαν, 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BCκαι ANTISTHENIS, the ancient - 370 BC, Athens), εδώσε ευγενών, χωρίς αιτίαν, όμως Greek εδάρθη philosopher, και αυτός και υβρίσθη ατιμάσθη μέσα εις ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BCπαρ’ -“principle”: 370ολίγον BC, Athens), among other κι wise heritage he left us, he established a great την εκκλησίαν, έγινε μέγας θόρυβος ανδρών τε και γυναικών και ήτανthe να among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he aοπού greatποτέ the ακολουθήσωσι και φόνοι μέσα εις τον ναόν του established θεού,of πράγμα δεν ηκούσθη. acquisition of knowledge starts with the content of“principle”: concepts. acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts. Αυτός δε εγνωρίζοντας το this σφάλμα του εσιώπησεν την τηλικαύτην ατιμίαν, δια να το Based, therefore, on “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, theμην term 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term μάθη ο εξοχότατος πρέσβυς του και τον παιδεύση. gentrification (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology well), as the “refining” υποπρόξενος of a city area, theτης removal from this, (in various Ο asκυπροκεφαλλονίτης Ρωσίας Κωνσταντίνος Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement Περιστιάνης υπήρξε ο μακροβιότερος πρόξενος στην Κύπρο, διατήρησε το ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, However this “change”, regardless of προξενικό αξίωμα για 46 restaurants, χρόνια καιetc. υπήρξε κορυφαία φυσιογνωμία της the operation ofconsequences art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless of whatever other has, results also rising of land prices (and the ου κυπριακής ιστορίας στο πρώτο μισό του 19 αιώνα. whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative Ήταν γιος του Ευάγγελου Περοστιάνη ή Περιστιάνου από το Ληξούρι. Ο potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at Κύπρο first in the in early 1960s it refers to Ευάγγελος Περιστιάνης έφτασε στη πρινUK από το 1759 καιand νυμφεύθηκε The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor στη Λάρνακα τη θυγατέρα του δραγομάνου του προξενείου της Σουηδίας the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas London, there and thus residents areof Ζαχαρία upgrade Γαβριήλ.them, Απόstay τα themselves γάμο του sometimes και την εμπορική του old δραστηριότητα London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. απόκτησε τεράστιο πλούτο. being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included το in the work Sociologist Ο Κωνσταντίνος Περιστιάνης γεννήθηκε 1759 στηof Λάρνακα και Ruth είναι A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major άγνωστο αν επισκέφθηκε ποτέ την Κεφαλλονιά. Η προξενική του ιδιότητα, η GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western by otherκαι Researchers. εμπορική του countries, δραστηριότητα οι τραπεζικές, μάλλον τοκογλυφικές cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then,του, the issue has several scholars and for its more ενασχολήσεις συνέβαλαν στη διεύρυνση της μεγάλης πατρικής περιουσίας.

Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various Ως προξενικός εκπρόσωπος της πανίσχυρης Ρωσικής Αυτοκρατορίας, που comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon gentrification, the following: διεκδικούσε την προστασία των ofΟρθοδόξων στην Ανατολή πρόβαλλε ως interpretations the phenomenon of thecategory following: In a sense,και theof phenomenon is due togentrification, a trend ofΟρθοδόξων. a new socialόταν groups προστάτης καταφύγιο των κυνηγημένων Το of1804 οι to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costsκατά in money Έλληνες και οι Τούρκοι κάτοικοι της Λευκωσίας επαναστάτησαν του and time to travel the purlieus to downtown, where work place διέφυγε is, lack ofστο the δραγομάνου του from Σεραγιού Χατζηγεωργάκη Κορνέσιου, αυτός 1.of The termat comes fromΛάρνακα.

Sociologist GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruthπαραστατικά GLASS for wasbetter born sense safety theστη distributed residencies outside town centres, search ρωσικό προξενείο ΗRuth λαϊκή μούσα απέδωσε τηin Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) συνάντηση του δραγομάνου με τον ρώσο υποπρόξενο, τον κούσουλο, κόνσολο, Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower cost consul. of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where από τοliving λατινικό studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public action and Πολλά κακά του κάμασιν του Μέγα Δραγομάνου long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her workκαι areτο characterized by a passion for justice.

See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. κονάκιν έκαμεν έσσω του Περιστιάνου, and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: καιofχαιρετά τονorder κούσουλον τηςhttp://www.uncanny.net/ στράτας και του φόβου G. ALEXANDRI: Abstract. wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety ways, in to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually γεια σου αδελφέ Κωνστάντινε, κούσουλε του Μοσκόβου.

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

Σωτήριες υπηρεσίες προς τους κυνηγημένους προύχοντες της Κύπρου προσέφερε ο Περιστιάνης και κατά τη διάρκεια των σφαγών τον Ιούλιο του 1821. Από το γάμο του με την Αιμλία Γερολέμου απέκτησε μια κόρη και δυο γιούς που έγιναν με τη σειρά τους γενάρχες γνωστών κυπροκεφαλληνιακών οικογενειών με γόνους που διέλαμψαν στα γράμματα και τις τέχνες. Μικρό δημογραφικό αντιδάνειο η υπηρεσία και ο γάμος στην Κεφαλληνία του κύπριου διπλωμάτη Χαράλαμπου Φαγκούδη. Ο Χαράλαμπος Φραγκούδης By ήταν Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS είχε γεννηθεί στη Λεμεσό το 1820 και γόνος μεγάλης οικογένειας που τα Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, μέλη της ήσαν προστατευόμενοι της Αυστρίας και άλλων δυνάμεων. Ο πατέρας By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect του Δημήτριος Φραγκούδης ήταν ένας από τους επιφανείς κύπριους αγωνιστές Student ofκαι the τον School of Architecture της Επανάστασης. Η οικογένειά του διέφυγε αργότερα συνάντησε στην Technical University Crete Ελλάδα. Η αντιβασιλεία τον διόρισε πρώτο υποπρόξενο στην Κύπρο αλλάofλόγω μακρόχρονης αναμονής και Defining άρνησηςthe της Πύλης να εκδώσει το σχετικό 1. Introductory approach: concept εκτελεστήριο διορίστηκε το 1841 υποπρόξενος της Ελλάδας στη Ζάκυνθο, όπου 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept ANTISTHENIS, theμε ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC 370 BC, πέθανε και κηδεύθηκε ιδιαίτερες τιμές τον Οκτώβριο του- 1847. Ο Athens), γιος του ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the Χαράλαμπος, γραμματέας του Προξενείου, διορίστηκε το Νοέμβριο του 1848 among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. υποπρόξενος της Ελλάδας στην Κεφαλληνία, με έδρα το Αργοστόλι σε acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition of the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if not final, approach, the term αντικατάσταση του υποπρόξενου Ιωάννη Κορίνθιου. Αφού ζητήθηκε και 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) area of Planning) gentrification εκδόθηκε το σχετικό εκτελεστήριο απόisτον βρετανό πρέσβη στην Αθήνα.(or Ο 1 (and urban gentrification gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or Sociology well), as the “refining” of a επίσημη city area,εφημερίδα the removalτου from this, (inΚράτους various διορισμός as του δημοσιοποιήθηκε στην Ιωνικού Sociology as well), as the “refining” a cityέφτασε area, removal fromthere this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe the placement artists, την 1/13 Δεκεμβρίου 1848 και ο of ίδιος στο Αργοστόλι και of ανέλαβε ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation art galleries, restaurants, However this “change”,έφτασε regardless of υπηρεσία τονofΙανουάριο του επόμενουetc. χρόνου. Ο Φραγκούδης στην the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the Κεφαλλονιά σε μια περίοδο έντονου κοινωνικών αντιθέσεων και εθνικούof whatever other consequences also rising of land prices (andτην the potential relative speculation). αναβρασμού. Υπήρξε μάρτυρας has, τωνresults κινημάτων και ενημέρωνε άμεσα potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to ελληνική κυβέρνηση. Με αναφορά του με ημερομηνία 19 Αυγούστου 1849 The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas of ενημέρωνε την Κυβέρνησή του για την εξέγερση που είχε αρχίσει στις 16to the then observed trend wealthy Βλάχο peopleοtoοποίος buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof Αυγούστου με αρχηγό το of Θεόδωρο επικεφαλής, ληστρικής London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”.ενόπλων χωρικών της περιοχής Σκάλας, «οίτινες κατά συμμορίας και τριακοσίων being indirectly “squeezed”. description of this phenomenon included in the workτου of Sociologist Ruth το A πρώτον επυρπόλησαν τον εις την is εξοχήν εκείνην οίκον φιλογενεστάτου A description ofperiod, this phenomenon isεπί included inwere the work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS atΝικολάου the same while similar situations recorded inφονεύσαντες other major ιππότου Μεταξά Τζανάτου ονόματι Καψολιβέρη, GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. συνάμα τον αξιότιμον τούτον πολίτην μετά του προεστού του χωρίου και cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has several scholarsως and for its τεσσάρων άλλων ευρεθέντων εντός της οικίας, κρατήσαντες όμηρο έναmore των Since του then,φονευθέντος the issue has preoccupied severalΔημήτριον scholars and for various its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the γαμβρών Μεταξά, καλούμενον Τζουγανάτον». comprehensive approach are being below, from the Αναφέρει στη of συνέχεια τα σχετικά με summarized την πορείαthe της εξέγερσης, την various άφιξη interpretations the phenomenon of gentrification, following: interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: στρατού απόthe τη phenomenon Κέρκυρα καιisτην νόμου. Πληροφορεί In a sense, dueεπιβολή to a trendστρατιωτικού of a new category of social groups ακόμη την ελληνική κυβέρνηση ότι, to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money and time…toΦαίνεται travel from the οι purlieus to downtown, where place is, lack of the δε ότι επαναστάται εκήρυξαν ότι work δεν καταφέρονται κατά termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, της Κυβερνήσεως αλλά κατά των she Αρχόντων, οίτινες τους κάμνουν Berlin, where she made her first studies.

In 1932 published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) κατάσχεσιν τουsame προϊόντος σταφίδος τωνmovements αλωνίωνfor Youth Unemployment.

The year she leftτης Germany and afterεντός continuous lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private car access markets, studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and ότι Neweasier York she came back to London, των…Ουδεμία υπάρχει αμφιβολία εντός δύο to ημερών οιetc.where μεν in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public action and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually 252163 11

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στασιασταί θέλουσι λάβει τα επίχειρα κακίας των οι δε πόλεις και τα GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types ofτηςIntervention, χωριά θέλουσιν απαλλαχθή ολοσχερώς παντός κινδύνου…

Definition, Types intervention, Concerns of Gentrification Οι προβλέψεις του Πρόξενου για of άμεση πάταξη της εξέγερσης δεν επαληθεύτηκαν. Ο ίδιος συνέχισε να ενημερώνει με αναφορές του την Ελληνική Concerns κυβέρνηση για την πορεία των γεγονότων. Στις 3 Σεπτεμβρίου έγραφε προς την 9

Ελληνική κυβέρνηση ότι,

By Mr.την George-Sp. ATHANASOPOULOS … Η Υψηλή Αστυνομία διέταξε σύλληψινC.των συντακτών των Harvard University, Graduate School of Design,και Student, πολιτικών ενταύθα εφημερίδων, του Φιλελευθέρου της By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Αναγεννήσεως, Κυριων Ζερβού και Μονφεράτου, εξ ων ο μεν απεπέμφθη Student the School εις τινά μικράν έρημον νήσον εις Κύθηρα, ο δεofεις την παράofτηArchitecture Κερκύρα Technical University of Crete 10 νήσον Φανούς.

64

1. Introductory the concept Στις αρχές approach: του 1850 Defining ο Χαράλαμπος Φραγκούδης μετατέθηκε από την 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept Κεφαλλονιά σε άλλη προξενική θέση. Με την τελευταία αναφορά με ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -του 370 BC, Athens), ημερομηνία 1 Μαρτίου 1850 ενημέρωνε την Ελληνική Κυβέρνηση ότι «την όσην ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the αθυμίαν αγανάκτησιν εις τας ψυχάς απάντων κατοίκων της νήσου among και other wise heritage left us, he established a great the acquisition ofτην knowledge startshe with the definition of theτων content of“principle”: concepts. Κεφαλληνίας παρά του άγγλου υποναυάρχου ληφθέντα εν the Ελλάδι acquisition of τα knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, term 1 (and καταναγκαστικά μέτρα, ησθάνθησαν την ανάγκην να τηρήσωσι θερμόν και Based, therefore, onτόσην this “principle” inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term urban gentrification) is area of Planning) (or gentrification 1καρδιά αγνόν εις την των το του εθνισμού των αίσθημα τούτο πραγματικώς gentrification (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ην και 28ην παρελθόντος μηνός, ότε δι’ αξιοθαυμάστου κατεδείχθη κατά την 27 Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ευταξίας ησυχίας, κατά πρώτον ήδη οetc. λαός προέβη εις την ελευθέραν εκλογήν ways), ofκαι social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, However “change”, regardless of των αντιπροσώπων του. Εκλέχθησαν επομένως δια μυστικής ψηφοφορίας οιof the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the ακόλουθοι άνδρες ανήκοντες εις την εθνικοτέραν του λαού μερίδα: Γ. Λειβαδάς whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative δια ψήφων 1380, Ιωσήφ Μονφερράτο δια ψήφων 1292, Ηλίας Ζερβός ψήφων potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s andδια it refers to 1271, Ιωάννης Τυπάλδος Δοτοράτος δια ψήφων 1023, Ν. Βαλιέρης δια ψήφων The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor 1026, Σ. upgrade Πιλλαρινός δια ψήφων 1017, Κ. Αννίνος 971, Τυπάλδος the then observed trend of wealthy people to δια buyψήφων property in Ι.poor areas London, them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof Ιακωβάτος δια ψήφων 934, Δ. Καρούσσος δια ψήφων 946 και Α. Δελλαπόρτας London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. δια ψήφων 940….» being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth Παρά τη of βραχεία πρώτη διαμονή τουin the στο work νησίof οSociologist Χαράλαμπος A description this phenomenon is situations included Ruth GLASS at the same period, while similar were recorded in other major Φραγκούδης αγάπησε και ταυτίσθηκε με την Κεφαλλονιά. Το 1854 in νυμφεύθηκε GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. την κεφαλλονίτισσα Πηνελόπη Αλεξανδράτου, το γένος Φωκά με την οποία cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more απέκτησε πέντε γιους και τέσσερις θυγατέρες. Ευτύχησε να ζήσειand τηνfor ένωση της Since then, the issue has several below, scholars its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized from the various Επτανήσου με την Ελλάδα. Οι τρεις από τους γιους του ακολούθησαν comprehensive approach are being summarized from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thebelow, following: στρατιωτική καριέρα. Οphenomenon πρωτότοκος of Ιωάννης φοίτησεthe στηfollowing: Σχολή Ευελπίδων μαζί interpretations of the gentrification, In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new category of social groups με το διάδοχο Κωνσταντίνο με τον οποίο συνδέθηκε με στενή φιλία. Ήταν ο to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: in money πρώτος Έλληνας ολυμπιονίκης στους Ολυμπιακούς αγώνεςhigh τουcosts 1896, όπου and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the πέτυχε πρώτη νίκη στη σκοποβολή. Ενας κυπροκεφαλλονίτης δηλαδή πρώτος 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Έλληνας Ολυμπιονίκης. Τοποθετήθηκε του βασιλιά Γεωργίου, Berlin, where she made her first studies. Inυπασπιστής 1932 she published an important studyτον entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc. studies 9and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back to London, where Α.Υ.Ε. Φακ.

36/9, Υποπροξενείον εν In Κεφαλληνία, οa systematic Υποπρόξενος Χ. in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning.

1950 sheto became teacher in the to1849 another approach, the is due and University College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public action and Φραγκούδης προς το επί του Βασιλικού Οίκου και των Εξωτερικών Σχέσεων Υπουργείον, long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work characterized by aΑυγούστου passion for justice. also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. αναφ. αρ. are 128, 19for 1949. See and selling realΚεφαλληνία estate, etc., theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit.

Wil. COLLINS SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: 10 Φραγκούδης το επί Βασιλικού “voluntary”, Οίκου και την Εξωτερικόν G. Χ.

ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: varietyΣτο of ίδιο ways, in order Abstract. to προς achieve theτου “assisted”, (actually Υπουργείου, αρ. αναφ. 139 εν Κεφαλληνία την 3η Σεπτεμβρίου 1849.

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student,

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Student of the School of Architecture Technical University of Crete

1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept οποίο τον μοιραίο περίπατο τουthe στη Θεσσαλονίκη το Μάρτιο του 1913.

1. συνόδευε Introductory approach: Defining concept the ancient Greek BCκαι - 370σκοτώθηκε BC, Athens), Το ANTISTHENIS, 1917 στάλθηκε στην Αμερική για philosopher, αγορά νέων (444 όπλων σε ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the ατύχημα. Ο Αλέκος Φραγκούδης έπεσε στο Γρίμποβο κατά τον ελληνοτουρκικό among otherknowledge wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition startshe with of the content concepts. πόλεμο τουof 1897 ενώ ο Ανδρέας αποστρατεύθηκε ως συνταγματάρχης. Άλλοι δύο acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition of the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if not final, approach, the term γιοί του ο Δημήτριος και ο Επαμεινώνδας μετανάστευσαν στο εξωτερικό. Μια 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” inindicated a το first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term urban gentrification) is area of Planning) (or gentrification από τις κόρες(and η Αμαλία παντρεύτηκε Κεφαλλονίτη κτηματία Ανδρέα 1 του gentrification (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or Sociology well), as the “refining” a city area, the removal from (in various Κεφαλά. Οas Χαράλαμπος μετά τηνofΚεφαλλονιά υπηρέτησε στη this, Βενετία, στην Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and theΠέθανε placement of artists, Πρέβεζα, στα Ιωάννινα, τα Χανιά και την Τεργέστη. στη there Κεφαλλονιά το ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless of 1897. the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the Πριν κλείσω θα επιχειρήσω μια σύντομη αναφορά στις διαπροσωπικές,of whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and με the potential relative πολιτικές, πνευματικές και καλλιτεχνικές σχέσεις επωνύμων Κεφαλλονιτών potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to την Κύπρο.

TheΟterm gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas of Ιωάννης Μεταξάς, ως σύμβουλος του βασιλιά Κων/νου το 1915to the then observed trend wealthy people toπρότασης buy property in poor areas London, upgradeστην them, stay of themselves sometimes there and thus residents areof πρωτοστάτησε απόρριψη της αγγλικής για old προσφορά της London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. Κύπρου στην Ελλάδα με αντάλλαγμα την είσοδο της χώρας στον πόλεμο. being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of Τρίτσης this phenomenon is included inκαι the Θρησκευμάτων work of Sociologist Ruth Ο Αντώνης ως Υπουργός Παιδείας συνέβαλε A description this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded workμεofτην Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same period, while similar inΚύπρο. other major στη διεύρυνση τωνof εκπαιδευτικών και πολιτιστικών σχέσεων GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by otherως Researchers. Ο Γεράσιμος Αρσένης, Υπουργός Εθνικής Αμυνας υπήρξε ο cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue Αμυντικού has several scholars and for its more αρχιτέκτονας του Ενιαίου Δόγματος Ελλάδας - Κύπρου.

Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars andthe for various its1901 more comprehensive approach are beingΓεώργιος summarized below, from Ο μεγάλος νεοέλληνας γλύπτης Μπονάνος φιλοτέχνησε το comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various την προτομή του εθνομάρτυρα Αρχιεπισκόπου Κυπριανού, που βρίσκεται έξω interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: απόInτην Αρχιεπισκοπή στη Λευκωσία καιofδιάφορα επιτύμβια γλυπτά που a sense, the phenomenon is due toαλλά a trend a new category of social groups βρίσκονται σεthe κοιμητήρια της the Κύπρου. to “return” to city, leaving purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money Νίκος Καββαδίας, Σιδέρη,where και Νίκος συνδέθηκαν and timeΟιtoποιητές travel from the purlieus toΑλόη downtown, workΦωκάς place is, lack of the 1.of The termμε from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in με την Κύπρο δημοσιεύματα και επισκέψεις τους στο νησί. sense safety atcomes the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, where she made Σαράντης her first studies.

In 1932υπήρξε she published an important study entitled: Οofστιχουργός Αλιβιζάτος συνεργάτης του Μάριου Τόκα services health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for και μας έδωσαν υψηλής ποιότητας lower living costτραγούδια of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and .car Neweasier York she came to back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public action and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: Εισήγηση Συνέδριο Ιονίων Νήσων, Πεσσάδα, 2016.

G. σε ALEXANDRI: Abstract. http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in orderπερί to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually 252165 11

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student,

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Student of the School of Architecture Technical University of Crete

1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept 1. Introductory approach: the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the Πthe ΡΑΚΤΙΚΑ among other wise heritage left us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the ΗΜΕΡΙΔΑΣ acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term (or gentrification (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more Since then, the issue has several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized from comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new category of social groups to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public action and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

66

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ΑΠΟ ΤΟ ΜΕΡΙΚΟ Ή ΤΟΠΙΚΟ ΣΤΟ ΟΛΟ GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Ή ΥΠΕΡΤΟΠΙΚΟ Ή ΑΝΤΙΣΤΡΟΦΑ Definition, Types of intervention, Concerns of Gentrification ΚΑΙ ΟΙ ΜΟΡΦΕΣ ΤΟΥ ΔΟΜΗΜΕΝΟΥ ΧΩΡΟΥ Concerns

Του Καθηγητού Σόλ. ΞΕΝΟΠΟΥΛΟΥ Κοσμήτορα Σχολής Αρχιτεκτονικής και Γεωπεριβαλλοντικών Επιστημών

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Πανεπιστημίου «Νεάπολις», Πάφος

Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student,

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect ΕΙΣΑΓΩΓΗ Student of the School of Architecture Στόχος και περιεχόμενο της εργασίας αυτής είναι η διασαφήνιση των Technical University of Crete

εννοιών που αφορούν άμεσα την παραγωγή, την συγκρότηση και την μορφή του «Χώρου», με μέσο approach: την διερεύνηση τηςthe σχέσης «αντικειμένου» και «χώρου», ή 1. Introductory Defining concept διαφορετικά της σχέσης «μονάδας» και «συνόλου».

1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), Μεθοδολογικά ηthe προβολή των συλλογισμών που αναφέρονται στηνAthens), σχέση ANTISTHENIS, ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the αυτή θα γίνει με την επεξεργασία σχετικών θέσεων από δύο διαφορετικές among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the περιοχές, όπως αυτές είναιstarts διατυπωμένες είτε ως καλλιτεχνική πράξη, είτε ως acquisition of knowledge with theindefinition the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term θεωρητική πρόταση. Οι περιοχές αυτές είναι η Γλυπτική και η Θεωρία της 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification Αρχιτεκτονικής.

1 gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal (in various Συνοπτικά, ο as όρος «χώρος» χρησιμοποιείται εδώ για ναfrom περιγράψει το μη Sociology as well), the “refining” of a city area, the removal this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ορατό υλικό το οποίο υφίσταται των ορατών κατασκευών, και ρυθμίζει ways), of social groups, usually ofμεταξύ low-income and thethis placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”, regardless of αλλά και ρυθμίζεται από τις τοπολογικες σχέσεις μεταξύ των κατασκευών. the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless of whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the Αντίστοιχα, ο όρος «παραγωγή του χώρου» χρησιμοποιείται με την έννοια της whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative διαδικασίας και speculation). του τρόπου με τον οποίο συνειδητά ή ασυνείδητα, potential relative The term gentrification is found at first inαποκτά the UKμορφή in earlyο 1960s and itχώρος, refersμε to προσχεδιασμένα ή αυθόρμητα, δομείται και The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in earlyυπαρκτός 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor την μονάδων οποίες και αποτελούν τα συστατικά τηνof the παράθεση then observed trend οι of wealthy people to buy property in poorγια areas London, upgrade μορφοποίησή του.them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly Σε πρώτο“squeezed”. επίπεδο θα εξεταστεί η δυνατότητα παραγωγής του χώρου being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth σύμφωνα με δύο ξεχωριστές και αντίρροπες μάλιστα διαδικασίες: A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major Α. Από το μερικό ή τοπικό, στο όλο ή υπερτοπικό, δηλαδή της παραγωγής GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities Westernόπως countries, by other Researchers. τού in χώρου αυτή προκύπτει απο μια αθροιστική διαδικασία cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has scholars and for its πολλαπλασιασμού μονάδων, και η σχέσηseveral της διαδικασίας αυτής μεmore την Since then, the issue has preoccupied several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach are being summarized from ολοκληρωμένη μορφή του συνόλου. comprehensive approach are being summarized from the various interpretations the of gentrification, thebelow, following: Β. Από τοofόλο ήphenomenon υπερτοπικό στο μερικό ή τοπικό, δηλαδή της παραγωγής interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: a sense,ως theμια phenomenon is due to aολοκληρωμένη trend of a new category groups τουInχώρου, εκ των προτέρων οντότητα,of ηsocial οποία έχει to “return” to the γενική city, leaving theηpurlieus for several high costs money προσχεδιασμένη μορφή, οποία έχει σχέση reasons: και εξαρτάται απόinκάποιο and time to travel fromκαι theκαθοριστικό purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the προυπάρχοντα γενικό νόμο ή κανόνα.

The term comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS wasαυτών born in sense1.of safety at the distributed residencies outside town centres, for better Σε δεύτερο επίπεδο θα διερευνηθεί η σχέση και αντιστοιχία των δύο Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) τρόπων παραγωγής του αναφορικά με: Youth Unemployment.

Theχώρου same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living costκαθ’εαυτήν of, in “withdrawal” from private car easier access markets, - and Αυτήν την μορφή του, όπως συγκροτείται από etc. τα where επί studies research Geneva, Prague, London and Newαυτός York she came to back to London, in 1943 she published studies regarding city planning.

In 1950 she became teacher in the According to another approach, the phenomenon is due to a systematic and μέρους συστατικά του.

University College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public action and long-term informal effort by organized groups,του. manufacturers, brokers of buying - Την κοινωνική υπόσταση και σημασία her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling real estate, etc., theCodepreciation initially of partδιατυπωμένη of the urban web, in - ΤοWil. πρόβλημα τηςfor ιδεολογίας όπως2009. αυτή είναι στον 10th edit.

COLLINS SONS AND Ltd. London WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm aδομημένο variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually χώρο.

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

Ειδικότερα, οι περιοχές στις οποίες θα αναφερθεί και θα στηριχτεί η εργασία είναι οι εξής: Α. Οι γλυπτικές μορφές και οι εγκαταστάσεις του Ελληνα γλύπτη Βλάση Κανιάρη. Β. Τα κύρια σημεία της Θεωρίας για το Συντακτικό του Χώρου, όπως έχουν διατυπωθεί από τον BillHillier και τους συνεργάτες του.

68

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Α. ΟΙ ΕΓΚΑΤΑΣΤΑΣΕΙΣ ΤΟΥ ΒΛΑΣΗ ΚΑΝΙΑΡΗ ΚΑΙ Η ΕΙΚΑΣΤΙΚΗ Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, ΑΝΑΣΥΣΤΑΣΗ ΤΟΥ ΚΟΙΝΩΝΙΚΟΥ ΧΩΡΟΥ By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Ο Βλάσης Κανιάρης υπήρξε μια σημαντική προσωπικότητα στην σύγχρονη Student of the School of Architecture τέχνη. Όπως συνήθως συμβαίνει, τα πρώτα του έργα είναι κυρίως σχέδια και Technical University of Crete ζωγραφικά. Πολύ γρήγορα όμως φάνηκε να μην βρίσκει την έκφρασή του με την παραμονή στις τεχνικές και τις προϋποθέσεις ενός μέσου που λειτουργούσε 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept κυρίως υποτάσσοντας το υλικό του σε the κανόνες αναπαράστασης. Ετσι, για την 1. Introductory approach: Defining concept ANTISTHENIS, theέργων ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC - 370 Athens), πραγματοποίηση των του υιοθετεί αρχές του collage, καιBC, κυρίως την ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the έμφαση και αξιοποίηση πραγματικών υλικών που βρίσκονται οπουδήποτε. among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. Ευτελή υλικά, όπως ακατέργαστα κομμάτια ξύλα, συρματοπλέγματα, acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition of the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if not final, approach, the term κοτετσόσυρμα, γύψος, υφάσματα, περισυλλέγονται και μεταπλάθονται σε 1 (and urban Based, therefore, onστην this “principle” inindicated a first, ifκατασκευών, notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) is (in area ofκαι Planning) (or gentrification οργανικά συστατικά, αρχή διδιάστατων σταδιακά 1 (and urban gentrification gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or Sociology as well), the “refining” of a cityαπό area, the removal from (in various κατασκευών οι as οποίες εξελίσσονται ανάγλυφα, σε this, ολοκληρωμένα Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of socialαντικείμενα. groups, usually of low-income and the placement of artists, τρισδιάστατα Υπερβαίνοντας καθοριστικά το collage there και κυρίως τον ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless of οπτικό χαρακτήρα του, οι τρισδιάστατες κατασκευές του Κανιάρη the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the αναδεικνύονται σε μονάδες οι οποίες χαρακτηρίζονται από την έντονη ανάδειξηof whatever other consequences has, υλικού, results προβάλλοντας also rising of land prices αξία (andκαι the potential relative speculation). της ιδιαίτερης υφής κάθε ξεχωριστού την απτική potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to σημασία του έργου. Η συνέχεια υπήρξε καθοριστική για την εξέλιξη του ίδιου του The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas of καλλιτέχνη, αλλά και για την συγκρότηση του έργου τέχνης ως υλική, χωρικήto the then observed trend wealthy people to there buy property inοιpoor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes and thus old residents areof κατασκευή η οποία συστήνεται σε ενιαίο σύνολο, από μονάδες οποίες και London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being “squeezed”. αυτές indirectly προκύπτουν από την συνθετική συνύπαρξη ετερόκλητων υλικών. being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of ρόλο this phenomenon is included in the workπλέον of Sociologist Ruth Καθοριστικό σ’αυτή την πρόταση, αναλαμβάνει το ανθρώπινο A description ofperiod, thisτου phenomenon is όπως included the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at στην the same while similar situations were in other major σώμα, όχι φυσική κατάσταση στοin θέατρο ή τον χορό, αλλά ως GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western by other Researchers. στατική φιγούραcountries, ανακατασκευασμένη από τον Κανιάρη με την χρήση και πάλι cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied otherτην Researchers.

Since then, the issue has several του scholars and for more ευτελών υλικών. Επιστρατεύοντας ευαισθησία στις υφές τωνits υλικών, Since«ασώματα» then, the issue has several scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized below, from φτιάχνει ομοιώματα του ανθρώπινου σώματος, σχηματίζοντας με comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various κοτετσόσυρμα τα μέλη, και ντύνοντάς τα με πραγματικά επαναχρησιμοποιημένα interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: interpretations the phenomenon of thecategory following: ρούχα. Συνήθως όλα φθαρμένα από Σε φυσική κλίμακα, In a sense, theof phenomenon is due togentrification, aτην trendπολυκαιρία. of a new of social groups κατασκευές αλλά σεthe στάσεις που ενhigh δυνάμει ή to “return” toστατικές the city, leaving purlieus forυποδηλώνουν several reasons: costsκίνηση, in money παριστάνουν στάσεις πιο πεζές λειτουργίεςwhere του σώματος, and time to travel fromαπό theτις purlieus to downtown, work place is, lack of the The termat comes from ήρθε Sociologist Ruthνομοτελειακά GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth GLASS wasbetter born Το επόμενο σχεδόν κάθε φιγούρα, δενin sense1.of safety theβήμα distributed residencies outside townόταν centres, search for Berlin, where she made her firstως studies.

In 1932 she published an important study entitled: παραμένει και δεν εκτίθεται ένα μεμονωμένο αντικείμενο, αλλά συνδυάζεται services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for μεstudies άλλες, έτσι ώστε ναGeneva, αναδύεται μια συνολική σύνθεση που αναπτύσσεται στον lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private easier access to markets, etc. and research Prague, London and car New York she came back to London, where χώρο. Οι she μονάδες, χωρίς ναapproach, χάσουν την αυτόνομη παρουσία τους η κάθεin μια in According 1943 published studies regarding city planning.

In 1950 she teacher the to another the phenomenon is due tobecame aαφού systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public action and έχει την ιδιαίτερη φόρμα της στον χώρο, γίνονται συστατικά της γενικότερης long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. χωρικής εγκατάστασης, η for οποία συμπληρώνεται μεWIKIPEDIA: αυτούσια αντικείμενα, όπως and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., theCo depreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

The Free Encyclopedia: μια βαλίτσα η ένα παιδικό παιχνίδι, ή κατασκευές επίσης από την G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

πραγματικότητα όπως ένας λερωμένος τοίχος, φθαρμένος από τον χρόνο, γεμάτος με συνθήματα, που χρησιμοποιείται από ένα αριθμό ανδρικών ομοιωμάτων στημένων σε σειρά, για ούρηση. Οι χωρικές σχέσεις των ομοιωμάτων σε συνύπαρξη με τα άλλα αντικείμενα συστήνουν την νέα πραγματικότητα του έργου αποκαθιστώντας τον κενό χώρο σε εργαλείο που ορίζει τις κοινωνικές σχέσεις ανάμεσά τους.

Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Β. Η ΚΟΙΝΩΝΙΚΗ ΛΟΓΙΚΗ ΤΟΥBy ΧΩΡΟΥ.

Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, Το θεωρητικό έργο του Hillier ούτε είναι δυνατόν ούτε και σκόπιμο να By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect αναπτυχθεί στο πλαίσιο αυτής της μελέτης. Πολύ επιγραμματικά όμως θα Student of the School of αποτελεί Architecture μπορούσε να αναφερθεί ότι τον κεντρικό άξονα των προτάσεων του η Technical University of Crete επίμονη και συνειδητή προσπάθεια αποσαφήνισης και αποκάλυψης της χωρικής υπόστασης των κοινωνιών, όπως και the αντίστροφα 1. Introductory approach: Defining concept της κοινωνικής υπόστασης του1.χώρου, ή όπως ο ίδιος τιτλοφορεί το που εξέδωσε με την Julienne Introductory approach: the βιβλίο concept ANTISTHENIS, ancientDefining Greek philosopher, (444 BC 370 BC, Athens), Hanson στόχος είναιthe η διερεύνηση της Κοινωνικής Λογικής του- Χώρου.

ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the Στο πλαίσιο αυτής της μελέτης, θα γίνει αναφορά σε ένα μόνο τμήμα της among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. εργασίας τωνHillier και Hanson, όπου επιχειρείται μια προσέγγιση του τρόπου acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition of the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if not final, approach, the term με τον οποίο οι κοινωνίες υφίστανται ως δυναμικές χωρικές συγκροτήσεις.

1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated aτρόπου first, if (in not final, approach, the term the area of Planning) (or gentrification Η επεξεργασία του gentrification) προβλήματος του παραγωγής του δομημένου 1 (and urban gentrification gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or Sociology as well),από as theτους “refining” of a city area,αρχίζοντας the removalμε from this, (in various χώρου, γίνεται HillierκαιHanson, μια κριτική του Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, και usually of low-incomeμιας and the placement there of artists, στρουκτουραλισμού συγκεκριμένα θεμελιώδους αρχής του ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless στρουκτουραλισμού, η οποία βρίσκεται στην έννοια του κανόνα ή του νόμου. of the operation ofconsequences artσυγγραφείς, galleries, restaurants, etc.also However regardless whatever other has, risingthis of “change”, land prices (and Κατά τους στονresults στρουκτουραλισμό, η ιδέα του νόμουthe οof whatever otherπέραν consequences has,ένα results alsoτο rising land (andτου the potential relative speculation). οποίος υπάρχει και πριν από γεγονός, οποίοofγια τηνprices έκφρασή potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to υπακούει σ’αυτόν τον κανόνα, είναι θεμελιώδης. Η έννοια της δομής εμφανίζεται The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas of ακριβώς με την μορφή του συντονισμού ενός συστήματος νόμων, οι οποίοι καιto the then observed trend wealthy peopleτου to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade stay of themselves sometimes and thusκαι old residents are συστήνουν ένα them, κώδικα που προυπάρχει γεγονότος μάλιστα τοof London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectlyΣτο “squeezed”. προσδιορίζει. σημείο ακριβώς αυτό, δηλαδή του διαχωρισμού του κώδικα being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of thisγεγονός, phenomenon included in the work of Sociologist από το διατυπωμένο ή όπωςis και πιο πριν αναφέρθηκε, της δομήςRuth του description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the work of δε Sociologist Ruth GLASS atίδιο theτο same while similar recorded in προσπάθεια other major απόAτο γεγονός, επικεντρώνεται η κριτική τους. Στην GLASS at the same situations wereοιrecorded other major cities in Western countries, bywhile othersimilar Researchers. αμφισβήτησης του period, στρουκτουραλιστικού μοντέλου, Hillier in και Hanson cities in Western countries, byτις other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for itsγια more εισάγουν ορισμένες έννοιες οποίες επεξεργαζόμενοι χρησιμοποιούν την Since then, issue τους has several scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized below, from διατύπωση τηςthe δικής θεώρησης των θεμάτων παραγωγής των comprehensive approach are being summarized from the various χωροκοινωνικών γεγονότων. interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thebelow, following: interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: πρώτη έννοια πουis due εισάγουν είναι αυτήcategory της «διαμόρφωσης», In a Η sense, the phenomenon to a trend of a new of social groups προσδιορίζουν ωςseveral το σύστημα πουhigh συγκροτείται από to(arrangement), “return” to theτην city,οποία leaving the purlieus for reasons: costs in money διακεκριμμένες μονάδες. τέτοιαwhere μονάδα, είναι εξοπλισμένη με and time to travelενότητες from theήpurlieus to Κάθε downtown, work place is, lack of the 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, Ruth search GLASS wasbetter born έναν μηχανισμό ανάκτησης τηςresidencies περιγραφής και1912-1940. εσωτερίκευσης της θέσης τηςin sense safety the distributed outside town centres, for Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: στο σύστημα. (descriptionretrievalmechanism). services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for Με μια τέτοια διατύπωση όμως η and έννοια του she νόμου Με lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car access to markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London Neweasier York cameαντιστρέφεται. back to London, άλλα η ίδια η πράξη της the παραγωγής του χωροχρονικού γεγονότος, in According 1943λόγια, she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning.

In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, is due a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public action and προυπάρχει οποιουδήποτε νόμου: long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. «κανένα χωροχρονικό γεγονός από μόνο του δεν είναι απαραίτητο and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for the depreciation initially of part of the urban web,να in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Co Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: ενέχει ένα νόμο. Ο νόμος υπάρχει μόνον όταν μια αφηρημένη περιγραφή G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

70

εξάγεται και ανακτάται από ένα χωροχρονικό γεγονός και στην συνέχεια επαναπεριέχεται σε ένα άλλο τέτοιο γεγονός. Η θεμελιώδης έννοια στα συστήματα διαμορφώσεων (arrangements) είναι η αναπαραγωγή, (reproduction), και όχι ο αφηρημένος νόμος.» (Hillier&Hanson, 1984, 1988, σ.203). Σύμφωνα λοιπόν με τα παραπάνω, η τρίτη σημαντική έννοια που εισάγεται είναι αυτή της αναπαραγωγής του συστήματος. Ετσι, απο τον

By Mr.α/της George-Sp. C. μετεξελισσόμενης ATHANASOPOULOS συνδυασμό των τριών εννοιών, δηλαδή συνεχώς και Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, αναπαραγώμενης διαμόρφωσης (arrangement), β/ της διαδικασίας ανάκτησης Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect της κάθε φορά περιγραφόμενηςBy θέσης (descriptionretrieval), και του Student of the School of Architecture ενδογενους μηχανισμού κάθε μονάδας, προκύπτει, κάθε φορά, μια νέα ολότητα Technical University of Crete στην οποία μπορούν πλέον να αναγνωριστούν ιδιαίτερα δομικά χαρακτηριστικά. Οι συγγραφείς τεκμηριώνουν τιςthe θεωρητικές 1. Introductory approach: Defining concept τους προτάσεις ελέγχοντας τις 1. πειραματικά μέσα από δύο οδούς. Η συνίσταται στην εμπειρική, και Introductory approach: Defining theμία concept ANTISTHENIS, Greekτων philosopher, (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), νοητική επεξεργασίαthe καιancient παρατήρηση μορφολογικών χαρακτηριστικών των ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the χωρικών συνιστωσών οικιστικών συνόλων ή κτηρίων. Η δεύτερη υλοποιείται among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. δια της παραγωγής στον υπολογιστή μοντέλων προσομοίωσης των διαδικασιών acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition of the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if not final, approach, the term παραγωγής αυτών των συνόλων και κτηρίων. Με τον προσδιορισμό δε δύο 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” να inindicated aπεριγράψουν first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term area of Planning) (or gentrification βασικών διαστάσεών του,gentrification) προσπαθούν is την μορφή του χώρου 1 (and urban gentrification gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of aφορέας city area, theδιατύπωση removal from this,κοινωνικών (in various που κατ’αυτούς είναι ταυτόχρονα και των Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andηthe placement there(axialline) of artists, σχέσεων που διέπουν το σύστημα. Αυτές είναι «αξονική γραμμή» ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless of και η «κυρτότητα του χώρου ”(convexspace)”. Οι σχέσεις ανάμεσα στις δύο the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the αυτές διαστάσεις αποτελούν ταυτόχρονα την διατύπωση των χωρικών σχέσεωνof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising land prices (and the potential που τιςrelative διέπουν, και κατ’επέκταση συνιστούν μιαofαντικειμενοποιημένη potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to απεικόνιση της μορφής του χώρου.

TheΕπειδή term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refers the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in ofto ο χώρος τόσο ο δημόσιος όσο και ο ιδιωτικός,poor αποτελεί το the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residentsτων areof κατ’εξοχήν πεδίο διατύπωσης των κοινωνικών σχέσεων, η διερεύνηση London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. χωρικών δεδομένων ταυτίζεται με τη ανίχνευση της κοινωνικής λογικής being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth οργάνωσης των χώρων αυτών.

A description this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same period, while similar in otherυπήρξε major Προιον του of συνολικού αυτού θεωρητικού και πειραματικού έργου, GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Westernαπό countries, by other Researchers. η διατύπωση τους συγγραφείς των δύο τρόπων παραγωγής των χωρικών cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its ενοτήτων. Ο ένας τρόπος είναι αυτός του συστήματος που προκύπτει με more φορά then, the issue στο has scholars andthe for its more comprehensive arepreoccupied being summarized from various απόSince το τοπικό ήapproach μερικό υπερτοπικό ή several ολικό, οbelow, δε δεύτερος, αυτός που comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various προκύπτει από την αντίστροφη φορά, δηλαδή από το υπερτοπικό ή ολικό στο interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: τοπικό ή μερικό.

In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new category of social groups Οι ιδέες αυτές Hillier Hanson, βρίσκονται κοντά στις σκέψεις που to “return” to the city, των leaving the και purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money αναπτύχθηκαν πάνω αφορούσαν τα μορφολογικά χαρακτηριστικά and time to travelπιο from theκαι purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack ofμιας the 1.of The term from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born γλυπτικής εγκατάστασης. Οιresidencies Hillier και Hanson, προεκτείνοντας τουςin sense safety atcomes the distributed outside town centres, Berlin, where she made her στην first studies.

1932 she published study entitled: προβληματισμούς τους ουσία Inαυτών των δεν περιορίζουν το services of health, education, entertainment “at theθεμάτων, heartan ofimportant the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for έργο τους στην σχέση μιας ενότητας με τις γειτονικές της αλλά διατυπώνουν ένα lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc. studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back to London, where ευρύτερο που ορίζει τις the σχέσεις μιαςInοποιασδήποτε ενότητας, με in According 1943 sheσκεπτικό published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning.

1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, is due a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public action and οποιαδήποτε άλλη που συμμετέχει στην συγκρότηση του συνόλου. long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. Συμπεραίνουν δε ότι :etc., and selling realCOLLINS estate, for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification «η αφηρημένη ενότητα βρίσκεται πάντοτε σε μια κατάσταση ενδιάμεσης πραγματικότητας (realitysandwich). Για να γίνει δυνατή η ύπαρξη της ενότητας Concerns

αυτής, θα πρέπει να εξαχθεί από μια πραγματικότητα και να επαναπροσδιορίσει την θέση της σε μια άλλη».

George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Η σχέση αυτή συνοψίζεται By στοMr.σχήμα: «πραγματικότητα-περιγραφήHarvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, πραγματικότητα».

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Επομένως, σε ένα τέτοιο σύστημα το θεμελιώδες είναι η δυνατότητα Student of the School of Architecture αναπαραγωγής και όχι αυτο της ύπαρξης κάποιου αφηρημένου νόμου. Από τα Technicalτου University of Crete παραπάνω προκύπτει ότι για την ύπαρξη και διατήρηση συστήματος απαιτούνται τόσοapproach: πρακτική δράση the όσο και νοητική δραστηριότητα. Θα 1. Introductory Defining concept μπορούσε δε να υποστηριχτεί ότι χωρίς την δυναμική διαδικασία ένταξης μιας 1. Introductory approach: the concept ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, - 370 BC, Athens), ενότητας και επαναπροσδιορισμού της θέσης (444 τηςBCστην χωροχρονική ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the πραγματικότητα, η δομή του συστήματος φθίνει και χάνεται. among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term ΕΠΙΛΟΓΟΣ 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term urban gentrification) is indicated (inσε theορισμένες area of Planning) (or gentrification Σκοπός (and κειμένου αυτού υπήρξε η εισαγωγή έννοιες που 1του gentrification (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or Sociology well), as διαδικασία the “refining” of a city area, from του this,δομημένου (in various αφορούν as τόσο την παραγωγής, όσοthe καιremoval την μορφή Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), ofΗsocial groups, usually of low-income and the placement of artists, χώρου. αναφορά σε δύο διαφορετικές δραστηριότητες, όπως η there γλυπτική και η ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless of αρχιτεκτονική, έδωσε την δυνατότητα μιας πιο γενικής διερεύνησης των the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the προβλημάτων που σχετίζονται με τον χαρακτήρα αυτών καθ’εαυτών τηνof whatever other consequences results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative συστατικών τουspeculation). χώρου. Εκανεhas, επίσης δυνατή την εξειδίκευση ορισμένων potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to εννοιών σε θέματα που αφορούν την αρχιτεκτονική, όπως η κοινωνική λογική The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas of του δομημένου χώρου. the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas of London, upgrade them, stayπαρουσίαση themselves sometimes there andπαραδειγμάτων thus old residentsτην are Αρχίζοντας με την χαρακτηριστικών London, upgrade them, stay themselves there and thus old residents are being indirectly γλυπτική του “squeezed”. Βλάσης Κανιάρη. Η νέαsometimes αυτή πραγματικότητα είναι το έργο being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description this phenomenon included in the of Sociologist τέχνης, το οποίοofαποτελεί το πεδίοisδιατύπωσης τωνwork χωρικών σχέσεωνRuth που A description ofperiod, thisυλικά phenomenon is situations included inwere work ofτέλος Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while recorded in other major συνδέουν τα επιμέρους πουsimilar το συγκροτούν. Ηthe θεώρηση του χώρου GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, byπράγματι other Researchers. ως ένα σύστημα το οποίο έχει συγκεκριμμένη μορφή, η οποία δεν cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue and for its more προυπάρχει της ίδιας τηςhas παραγωγής του, several βοήθησεscholars στο να αναγνωριστούν οι Sinceκατασκευές then, the issue has several scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized below, from χωρικες ως ενότητες που προκύπτουν από τις χωροχρονκές σχέσεις comprehensive approach are τις being summarized below, from the various των επιμέρουςof ενοτήτων που αποτελούν, και οποίες ενέχουν στην interpretations the phenomenon of gentrification, theοι following: interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: σύστασή τους αυτή την δυνατότητα συμμετοχής στην διάρθρωση της In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new category of social groups ενότητας. toευρύτερης “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money Ο to δομημένος χώρος είναι στην πραγματικότητα ένα δυναμικό σύστημα and time travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS wasbetter born σχέσεων μεταξύ πραγματικών χωρικών μονάδων. Η κατανόηση του χώρου ωςin sense safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, for Berlin, where she made her first studies.

In 1932 an important study entitled: ένα τέτοιο σύστημα σχέσεων, έδοσε και she τηνpublished δυνατότητα ανάγνωσης των services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for μορφολογικών χαρακτηριστικών. Ο χώρος μπορεί να θεωρηθεί όχι lower living cost του of, in “withdrawal” from private easier access to markets, etc.σαν studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car New York she came back toέτσι, London, where άμορφο υπόλοιπο μεταξύ ορατών πραγμάτων, ούτε σαν δευτερογενές προιόν in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning.

In 1950 she teacher in the to another approach, the is due tobecame a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public action and άλλων παραγόντων όπως η λειτουργία ή η κατασκευή, αλλά ως το πρωτογενές long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. υλικό για την συγκρότηση του αρχιτεκτονικού γεγονότος. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for the depreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Co Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student,

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Student of the School of Architecture Technical University of Crete

1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept 1. Introductory approach: the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term (or gentrification (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more Since then, the issue has several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized from comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new category of social groups to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public action and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

72

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention,

Η Απασχόληση και η Ανεργία στην Ελλάδα, 2009-2015 Types of intervention, Concerns of Gentrification ΟιDefinition, κοινωνικές συναρτήσεις των αιτιών της κρίσης

Concerns

Του κ. Ανδρέα Ν. ΛΥΤΡΑ

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, Η τοποθέτηση του προβλήματος και ο σκοπός της μελέτης

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Η δυναμική της εργασιακής αυτονομίας, κατά την μεταπολεμική περίοδο, ήταν Student of the School of Architecture από σημαντικότερα πλεονεκτήματα της ελληνικής κοινωνίας. Η χώρα ξεπέρασε τη Technical University of Crete φτώχεια και κατέστη η πλουσιότερη στα Βαλκάνια. Οι βελτιώσεις σε όλους τους τομείς της κοινωνικής, οικονομικής και πολιτικής ζωής, είναι εντυπωσιακή ιδίως μετά 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept την 1.κατάρρευση της δικτατορίας (1974). Η κοινωνική οργάνωση σημείωσε Introductory approach: Defining the concept ANTISTHENIS, ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC Διατήρησε, - 370 BC, Athens), θεαματικές συγκλίσειςthe με τις πρωτοπόρες καπιταλιστικές χώρες. ωστόσο, ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great σημαντικά στοιχεία της ιδιοπροσωπίας της σε δύο πεδία: την αυτοαπασχόληση the και among other wiseΜε heritage he left us, he established a great the acquisition of knowledge starts with the definition of the content of“principle”: concepts. τη μικρή ιδιοκτησία. την έκρηξη της παγκόσμιας οικονομικής κρίσης (2007-8), τα acquisition of knowledge starts with the definition of the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term πρώιμα γεγονότα του ελληνικού προβλήματος του δημόσιου χρέους (2009) και 1 Based, on των this “principle” inindicated a2010), first, ifτα(in not final, approach, the term urban gentrification) is the area of ως Planning) (or gentrification ύστερα από therefore, την(and επιβολή μνημονίων (το οποία είχαν στόχο την 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), the “refining” of aασυνεπειών city area, theτης removal fromδημιουργήθηκαν this, (in various αντιμετώπιση τωνas δημοσιονομικών χώρας, Sociology as well), as the “refining” of Είναι a city δύσκολο area, removal fromthere this, of (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theνα placement παράξενες συνθήκες στην απασχόληση. προσδιορίσουμε ανartists, αυτές ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of οι συνθήκες παρεκκλίσεις ή το αποτύπωμα των regardless στόχωνartists, των the operationήσαν of artανεπιθύμητες galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, of the operation ofδημοσιονομικής art galleries, restaurants, etc.also However “change”, regardless προγραμμάτων πολιτικής, μετάrising τα this κάμποσα χρόνια whatever other consequences has, results of land prices (andτων theof whatever otherπροσπαθειών consequences also rising (andτης the επανειλημμένων τόσοhas, τωνresults κυβερνήσεων όσο of καιland των prices δανειστών potential relative speculation). χώρας. potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to Είναι δυνατόν σήμερα σταχυολογήσουμε μερικές από1960s τις ενδείξεις στην The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early and itareas refers the then observed trend ofisνα wealthy to buy property in poor ofto απασχόληση και την εξέλιξη της ανεργίας. Το δημόσιο χρέος εξακολουθεί να είναι the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof τεράστιο (σε πολύ them, μεγαλύτερο ποσοστό του ΑΕΠ από ό, τιand στην περίοδο πριν την London, upgrade stay themselves sometimes there thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. κρίση). Ορισμένες από τις μεγαλύτερες ιδιωτικές εταιρείες (τράπεζες, βιομηχανίες, being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the κλείσει work ofήSociologist Ruth ασφαλιστικές εταιρίες και phenomenon εμπορικές επιχειρήσεις) στο A description ofperiod, this is situations includedέχουν inwere the recorded work of μετακινηθεί Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major εξωτερικό. Οι μικρές ή οι πολύ μικρές επιχειρήσεις έχουν περιορίσει το προσωπικό GLASS at the same period, similar situations were recorded in other major cities bywhile other Researchers. τους in καιWestern μειωθείcountries, σε αριθμούς. Οι εργαζόμενοι για δικό τους λογαριασμό έχουν cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has several scholars and forτους its more υποστεί αριθμητική μείωση. Παρά το γεγονός αυτό, η αναλογία στην Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various απασχόληση, μέχρι το 2015, αυξήθηκε. Μετά την κρίση, η δημόσια απασχόληση comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the interpretations of the phenomenon ofτοgentrification, following: συρρικνώθηκε αισθητά και, συνεπώς, κράτος, ως ο the μόνος σημαντικός και various ενιαίος interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: In a sense, is due to εργαζόμενους, a trend of a new of social groups εργοδότης για the τούςphenomenon υψηλά ειδικευμένους έχειcategory σταματήσει τη συμβολή του στην απασχόληση. Οι μισθωτοί, κατάforτην προαναφερθείσα έχουν to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus several reasons: high περίοδο, costs in money μειωθεί αριθμητικά όσο και ποσοστιαία. Ο δείκτης έφτασε άνω and timeτόσο to travel from the purlieus to downtown, whereανεργίας work place is, lack of του the 27%1.(το 2014) και παραμένει σε υψηλά επίπεδα και1912-1940. σήμερα (Διάγραμμα 1). for Ο υψηλός termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, Ruth search GLASS was born in sense ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, better Berlin, where she madeείναι her first studies.

In 1932της sheδυσλειτουργίας study entitled: δείκτης της ανεργίας η ισχυρή ένδειξη του καπιταλισμού, services of health, education, entertainment “at published the heartan ofimportant the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for στην εποχή των προγραμμάτων της δημοσιονομικής προσαρμογής. Αυτοί οι σπασμοί, lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back to London, είτε ως δημιουργήματα μιας στρατηγικής είτε ως In ένα1950 δίνουν in την in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. sheto became teacher the to another approach, the isατύχημα, due a μας systematic and ευκαιρία για τη συζήτηση σχετικά με τα όρια της τρέχουσας κατάστασης και των University College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public action and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice.

See also: COLLINS ENGLISH προοπτικών της κοινωνίας. Η ακόλουθη επεξεργασία συμμετέχει ωςDICTIONARY. πολιτική and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit.στο Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: ανάλυση, πλαίσιο της κοινωνιολογικής θεωρίας.

G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

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Διάγραμμα 1 GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student,

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Student of the School of Architecture Technical University of Crete Πηγή: ILO, ILOSTAT (Database). Unemployment.

74

1. Introductory Defining the concept Στη μελέτη approach: αυτή πρόκειται σύντομα να συζητηθούν τα χαρακτηριστικά της 1.

Introductory approach: Defining theτης. concept ANTISTHENIS, the ancient philosopher, (444 BCτης - 370 BC, Athens), σύγχρονης ελληνικής κοινωνίας καιGreek της δομής Μέρος αυτής ανάλυσης είναι η ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), υπόδειξη των βασικών συγκλίσεων και αποκλίσεων από τις οικονομικές among other wise heritage he left us, he established aπρωτοπόρες great the among other wise heritage us,definition he των established a great δυνάμεις του κόσμου. Ηleft συζήτηση θεωρητικών προσεγγίσεων η acquisition ofσημερινού knowledge startshe with the of the content of“principle”: concepts.καιthe acquisition of knowledge with theindefinition of the content of concepts. συναγωγή γιαthis τοstarts ζήτημα ενισχύεται από ifσυγκριτικές μετρήσεις, στη μέση Based, εκτιμήσεων therefore, on “principle” a first, not final, approach, the term 1 (and urban διάρκεια. παρούσα διαπραγμάτευση καιarea σε ορισμένα πεδία Based,Ηtherefore, on this “principle”δεν inindicated aαποδέχεται first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) is of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban απορρίπτει τις εγκλήσεις, ότι η χώρα αντιπροσωπεύει ένα αποκλίνον παράδειγμα, με gentrification gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various βάση τις διαφοροποιήσεις της, από τις κανονικότητες του καπιταλισμού. Αντίθετα Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, και ανεξάρτητα την ανάγκη της υποστήριξης της χώρας,there προλογικός ways), of social groups, usually ofδανειακής low-income and thethis placement of artists, the operation ofαπό art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”, οregardless of ισχυρισμός της of διαπραγμάτευσης είναι πωςetc. τα However μνημόνια this δημοσιονομικής πολιτικήςof the operation art galleries, restaurants, “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the (οι δανειακές συμβάσεις και το ελληνικό πρόγραμμα), κατά whatever other consequences has, results also rising of την landκρίσιμη prices περίοδο (and the potential relative speculation).

(2009-2015), εξέβαλαν σε απολύτως αναποτελεσματικές παρεμβάσεις στο potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to περιβάλλον της απασχόλησης. Σύμφωνα με την αντίληψή μας ο περιορισμός της The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor μικρής επιχειρηματικότητας (μαζί με τη μείωση των δημόσιων δομών και της the then observed trend wealthy peopleτης to πολύ buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes there and thusανεργίας. old residents areof σχετικής απασχόλησης) δημιουργεί το πρόβλημα μεγάλης London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. Η συζήτηση της τρέχουσας φάσης, μετά την εκδήλωση της οικονομικής being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of thisκοινωνικά phenomenon is included work of Ruth κρίσης και τα σημερινά προβλήματα, είναιinτοthe προοίμιο γιαSociologist την προσέγγιση A description ofperiod, this phenomenon included inwere the work of Ruth GLASS at the same while situations recorded inτην other major σε μια επόμενη εργασία νέων καιsimilar πιο isκατάλληλων επιλογών γιαSociologist ελληνική GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major κοινωνία και για την ταχεία by καταπολέμηση της ανεργίας. Αυτές οι επιλογές, κατά τη cities in Western countries, other Researchers. cities in Western countries, byενίσχυση other Researchers. γνώμη μου, συμβάλλουν στην της εργασιακής αυτονομίας. επεξεργασία Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars andΗfor its more then, the has scholars and forπαρόντος its more και Since οι προτάσεις θαissue ακολουθήσουν έναseveral επόμενο τεύχος του comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being σε summarized below, from the various comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various επιστημονικού περιοδικού. interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new category of social groups Τα“return” διαφορετικά του καπιταλισμού to to theυποδείγματα city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money Η θεωρητική συζήτηση περί των συγκλίσεων ή των αποκλίσεων των and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the καπιταλιστικών υποδειγμάτων έχει αναζωπυρωθεί τα τελευταία είκοσι χρόνια. Η 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, προβολή των she πρόσφατων προσεγγίσεων ακολουθεί την επιβολή, στουςstudy πολιτικούς Berlin, where made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important entitled: services of health, entertainment “at the heart of παράταξης, the city”,movements (possibly) συσχετισμούς του education, δυτικού κόσμου, της η οποίαfor Youth Unemployment.

The same year she left «νεοφιλελεύθερης» Germany and after continuous lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London New York she came back to London, προασπίζεται τη μονεταριστική επιλογή για and τη δημοσιοοικονομική πολιτική και την in 1943 she published studies regarding city planning.

In 1950 she became teacher in the According to another approach, the phenomenon is due to a systematic and ευρύτερη απελευθέρωση των αγορών, ενώ αντιπαρατίθεται με σφοδρότητα στην University College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public action and long-term informal effort θεραπευτικής by organized και groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying παράδοση της Κεϋνσιανής τουSee κοινωνικού κράτους. Η ροπή αυτών her work are characterized by a passion for justice. also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theείτε depreciation initially of part των of the urban web, in των αντιλήψεων κατατείνει διαφορετικών 10th edit.

Wil. SONS AND Co Ltd.στην Londonομογενοποίηση 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

παραδειγμάτων της καπιταλιστικής οργάνωσης είτε στην αταβιστική κατάδειξη των πρωτοπόρων και επιτυχημένων καπιταλιστικών χωρών. Στο παρελθόν, για παράδειγμα, η θεωρία του παγκόσμιου συστήματος (Wallerstein, 1974) είχε στην ουσία «αμυντικό» χαρακτήρα. Η αντίθεση κέντρουπεριφέρειας ερμήνευε τη συνεχή και ασύμμετρη μεταφορά πλούτου από την «περιφέρεια» στο «κέντρο» και στην ουσία αποτύπωνε τις αιτίες τόσο της σταθερής εδραίωσης των προηγμένων καπιταλιστικών χωρών όσο και την υπανάπτυξη των κρατών που μειονεκτούσαν σε αυτή τηByσχέση (Wallerstein, σσ. 74 κ.έ., 128).

Mr. George-Sp. C.1980, ATHANASOPOULOS Στην ουσία η ίδια η επιβίωση του καπιταλισμού, κατά την συγκεκριμένη προσέγγιση, Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, εξαρτάται από τη διαιώνιση της προκείμενης ασυμμετρίας και αντανακλάται πλήρως

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect στους διαφορετικούς τύπους του καταμερισμού Student της εργασίας. Σε ενδιάμεσο επίπεδο of the School of Architecture ανάμεσα στο κέντρο και την περιφέρεια εντάσσονται οι χώρες της «ημιπεριφέρειας» Technical University of Crete (στο ίδιο, σσ. 178). Οι αναλύσεις τόσο στο αφηρημένο επίπεδο όσο και κατά την εξέταση συγκεκριμένων εμπειρικών περιπτώσεων υποδεικνύουν ότι στην 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept «ημιπεριφέρεια» δημιουργείται μια ιδιαίτερου τύπου στον ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444σύνθεση BC - 370ανάμεσα BC, Athens), καπιταλιστικό τρόπο παραγωγής και τη μικρή εμπορευματική παραγωγή. Στις ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the αναλύσεις για τις εμπειρικές εκδοχές, στο πλαίσιο αυτής της αντίληψης, η ελληνική among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the κοινωνία περιλαμβάνεται στην «ημιπεριφέρεια» (Mouzelis, 1986). acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” aτη first, if of not final, approach, term Η πιο γνωστή σύγχρονη εκδοχή, από χορεία των απόψεων που the εντάσσει 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term urban indicated (in the area of Planning) gentrification την Ελλάδα σε(and μάλλονgentrification) μειονεκτούσα isομάδα καπιταλιστικών χωρών, είναι(or η 1 μια gentrification (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or Sociology well), as the “refining” of a city area, from(2001). this, (inΣεvarious θεωρητικήas τοποθέτηση την οποία επιμελήθηκαν οιthe Hallremoval και Soskice εκείνη Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityμοντέλα area, removal fromthere (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe the placement of τη διαπραγμάτευση ξεχωρίζουν δύο βασικά καπιταλισμού: τοthis, φιλελεύθερο ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, και restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of (Liberal Market Economies) το κατευθυνόμενο μοντέλο (Coordinated Market the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever consequences has, results alsoέχει rising of land pricesκυρίως (and the Economy). other Το φιλελεύθερο μοντέλο καπιταλισμού κέντρο εμφάνισης τιςof whatever other consequences results also rising ofκαι land (andενώ the potential relative speculation). ΗΠΑ και τη Μ. Βρετανία (μαζί με τιςhas, χώρες της Κοινοπολιτείας τηνprices Ιρλανδία), potential relative speculation). εκφράζει την πρωτοκαθεδρία επιχειρήσεων στην The term gentrification is των found at first in the UKπαγκοσμιοποιημένη in early 1960s and itαγορά, refersτις to The αυθόρμητες term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early and itareas refers ευρείες, και ριζοσπαστικές καινοτομίες, όπως και 1960s την νέων the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in ανάδυση poor ofto the then observed trend of wealthy sometimes people to there buy property inπου poor areas τομέων της οικονομίας. Το κατευθυνόμενο υπόδειγμα καπιταλισμού, έχει στον London, upgrade them, stay themselves and thus old residents areof πυρήνα του τη Γερμανία (και την ακολουθούν άλλες χώρες της Κεντρικής και Βόρειας London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. Ευρώπης-μαζί με την Ιαπωνία και τη Νότια Κορέα, παρά το γεγονός ότι οι τελευταίες being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth βασίζονται στηνsame πρωτοκαθεδρία των επιχειρηματικών ομίλων), τον A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded workσυνδυάζεται of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the while similar in otherμε major αυξημένο ρόλο της σοσιαλδημοκρατίας, τηνsituations επιβλητική θέση των πολιτικών και GLASS at the same period, while similar were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. κοινωνικών θεσμών στην οικονομική εξέλιξη και τη σταδιακή ανάπτυξη των cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more καινοτομιών, ενώ the χαρακτηρίζεται περισσότερο (από την ανάδυση) από τη Since then, issue has preoccupied several scholars andthe forφθίνουσα its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from various εξέλιξη σημαντικών approach οικονομικώνare κλάδων. Οιsummarized μεσογειακές χώρες (μεταξύ των οποίων comprehensive being below, from the various interpretations theη phenomenon of gentrification, following: η Ελλάδα, αλλά of και Γαλλία ή ακόμη και η Τουρκία)the μάλλον αναγνωρίζονται ως interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: In a sense, the phenomenon due φιλελεύθερο to a trend of και a new of social groups ενδιάμεσες περιπτώσεις ανάμεσαis στο το category συντονισμένο υπόδειγμα to “return” to theΗcity, leaving the for several highτο costs in money (Grouch, 2005). προτίμηση τωνpurlieus συγγραφέων είναιreasons: προφανώς φιλελεύθερο and time toκαι, travel from the purlieus toανάγκη downtown, where work place lack ofαπό the υπόδειγμα ίσως, να εκφράζουν την για την προσαρμογή τωνis,λοιπών 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth GLASS for wasbetter born in sense safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, search τις προκείμενες χώρες, οι οποίες δεν ανήκουν σήμερα σε αυτή την ομαδοποίηση.

Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: Μια παρόμοια λογικήentertainment με τους προηγούμενους μπορούμε να services of health, education, “at the heartαναλυτές of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for ανιχνεύσουμε στις απόψεις της Schmidt (2002), η οποία διακρίνει τρία κυρίως lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc. studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back to London, where μοντέλα ευρωπαϊκό καπιταλισμό (Grouch, ibid). In Αυτά είναι οbecame της in According 1943 στον she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning.

1950 sheto teacher in the to another approach, the is due aκαπιταλισμός systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public action and αγοράς, ο διευθυνόμενος (με βάση το γερμανικό και σκανδιναβικό υπόδειγμα) και ο long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work καπιταλισμός are characterized byβάση a passion for justice.

See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. κρατικός (με το γαλλικό μοντέλο κρατικού παρεμβατισμού). and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: Η ofτελευταία εκδοχήAbstract. αναλύσεων, στην οποία θα αναφερθούμε, G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety ways, in order toτων achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually περιλαμβάνει έναν τύπο καπιταλισμού, που προσδιορίζεται αμέσως μεσογειακός και 252175 11

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

περιλαμβάνει την Ελλάδα. Οι υπόλοιποι τύποι καπιταλισμού είναι ο καπιταλισμός της αγοράς (κυρίως στις αγγλοσαξονικές χώρες), ο σοσιαλδημοκρατικός (στις σκανδιναβικές χώρες), ο ασιατικός (για την Ιαπωνία και την Ν. Κορέα) και ο καπιταλισμός της ηπειρωτικής Ευρώπης (Amable, 2000, 2003). Η ανάλυση αυτή δείχνει πιο πλουραλιστική και λιγότερο απόλυτη, ενώ προσλαμβάνει αρκετές εθνικές διαφορές, μέσω της ανάλυσης πλήθους εμπειρικών δεδομένων. Ιδίως η ανάδειξη του μεσογειακού καπιταλισμού θεμελιώνει μια πιο άρτια κατανομή του σημερινού οικονομικού κόσμου και των κοινωνιώνBy τηςMr. Νότιας ΕυρώπηςC.(Grouch, ibid).

George-Sp. ATHANASOPOULOS Οι πιο γνωστές θεωρήσεις που αναφέρθηκαν, σχετικά με τις διαφορετικές Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, μορφές του καπιταλισμού, όπως συνήθως συμβαίνει με την προβολή είτε απόλυτων

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect είτε πιο ευέλικτων ομαδοποιήσεων των κοινωνικών οργανώσεων, δύσκολα Student of the School of Architecture ευστοχούν σχετικά με την αντιπροσωπευτική συμπερίληψη της δομής της Technical Universityκαι of Crete οργάνωσης της ελληνικής κοινωνίας, ιδίως, κατά τη σύγχρονη εξέλιξή της. Από τη μία πλευρά για ορισμένες πτυχές των περισσότερων προσεγγίσεων θα μπορούσαν να 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept ανιχνευτούν επαληθεύσεις, σχετικά με τις συγγένειες των μεσογειακών χωρών, όπως ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), 1 αλλά και μικρές ή μεγάλες συμβαίνει με το φαινόμενο της μικρής ιδιοκτησίας, ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the αποκλίσεις, όπως αυτή που αναδεικνύεται από τη χαμηλότερη αναλογία της among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the μισθωτής εργασίας στην ελληνική κοινωνία, σε σύγκριση με τις άλλες κοινωνικές acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, term οργανώσεις (βλ., Πίνακας 1, 2). Ιδίως στο περιβάλλον της απασχόλησης η the ελληνική 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term (and urban gentrification) is indicated the area of Planning) gentrification κοινωνία δείχνει, παρά τη σταθερή τάση σύγκλισης, να (in απομακρύνεται τόσο από (or τα 1 (and gentrification urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or Sociology as well), asυπόλοιπων the “refining” of a της city Ν. area, the removal from various χαρακτηριστικά των χωρών Ευρώπης όσο και απόthis, τις (in κατανομές Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually ofχώρες. low-income andζήτημα the placement thereηofδιαφορά artists, στις πρωτοπόρες καπιταλιστικές Το μείζον είναι ότι αυτή ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”,there regardless of δεν αναγκαστικά ένα σοβαρό πρόβλημα. the operation ofconsequences art galleries, restaurants, etc.also However this regardless whatever has, δεδομένων results rising of “change”, land prices (and the Η other προσεκτική ανάλυση των της απασχόλησης στη μέση καιof whatever other consequences also rising of land prices (and the potential relative speculation). μεγάλη διάρκεια μπορεί να αναδείξειhas, την results ομοιότητα της Ελλάδας (σε ορισμένα σημεία potential relative πολύ ουσιαστική) μεspeculation). τη Ν. Κορέα. Εφόσον σύγκρισης The term gentrification is found at firstταinστοιχεία the UK της in early 1960s επιβεβαιώνουν and it refers to The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refers τις then επικοινωνίες αμφοτέρων των υποδειγμάτων, τότε διαταράσσουν όλες τις the observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor ofto the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas προκείμενες τομές και ομαδοποιήσεις ανάμεσα στις κοινωνίες και την ένταξή τους London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof στους «διαφορετικούς τύπους καπιταλισμού». Σε μιαthere τέτοια περίπτωση πρέπει να London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. εκτιμηθεί η σημασία της ομοιότητας ή της διαφοροποίησης για την κοινωνική being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth ευημερία, στη of μεγάλη διάρκεια, σε σχέση με την ανάπτυξη.

A description this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS atιδίως the same period, while similar in other major Σύντομα θα διηγηθούμε πως αμφότερες οι were χώρες αντιμετωπίζουν την GLASS at the same period, while similar situations recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. μεταπολεμική εποχή, κατεστραμμένες και φτωχές, μετά δύο επώδυνους εμφυλίους cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more πολέμους Κορεατική χερσόνησος χωρίστηκε σε δύο πολιτείες). Ηand Ελλάδα και η Ν.

Since(ηthen, the issue has preoccupied several scholars for various its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the Κορέα, τοποθετημένες σε εξαιρετικά ευαίσθητες περιοχές για τα αντίπαλα comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the of gentrification, following: στρατόπεδα, κατά τη phenomenon διάρκεια του ψυχρού πολέμου, the παρουσίασαν μια συνεχή (σε

interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money 1 Ταtravel πρώταfrom χρόνια εικοστού πρώτου αιώνα, τοwork 80% place των κατοικιών and time to theτου purlieus to downtown, where is, lack ofστην the 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, Ruth GLASS for was born in Ελλάδα είναι ιδιόκτητες (οι περισσότερες και 1912-1940. αχρέωτες). Ανάλογα ποσοστά sense safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, search better Berlin, where she made her first studies.

In 1932 she published an important study entitled: καταγράφονται στην Ιταλία καιentertainment την Ισπανία. Αντίθετα οι ιδιόκτητες κατοικίες στη services of health, education, “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for Γερμανία είναι 43%, την Ολλανδία 54,2%, τη Γαλλία 56% και στην Αυστρία 56,4% (Norris lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc. studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back to London, where and Shielsshe 2004, σ. another 5). Πρέπει, ίσως, να εκτιμήσουμε το επίπεδο ανάπτυξης και σύμφωνα in According 1943 published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning.

In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to approach, the is due a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public action and με το δείκτη ιδιοκτησίας. Τότε σε πολλές από τις θεωρούμενες αναπτυγμένες χώρες θα long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. αποκαλυπτόταν μια πιο etc., απαισιόδοξη, μπορεί και θλιβερή κοινωνική πραγματικότητα and selling realCOLLINS estate, for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web,για in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: ευρύ μέρος των πληθυσμών τους.

G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

76

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

ορισμένες περιόδους και εντυπωσιακή), παρά τους ενδιάμεσους σπασμούς, οικονομική ανάπτυξη. Για τέσσερις δεκαετίες, η οικονομική ανάπτυξη βασίστηκε στις μικρές επιχειρήσεις, το σημαντικό ρόλο των οικογενειακών δικτύων και το εξαιρετικά υψηλό ποσοστό στην απασχόληση των εργαζομένων για δικό τους λογαριασμό. Από τη δεκαετία του ’80, ο εκσυγχρονισμός τους συνέβαλε στη σταδιακή επικράτηση των μισθωτών που διευρύνεται συνεχώς μέχρι και το 2008. Η ιδιαιτερότητα στην απασχόληση δεν εμπόδισε αυτές τις χώρες να αποτελέσουν δύο από τις πλουσιότερες σε παγκόσμια κλίμακα, στην αρχή του αιώνα. Δύσκολα, κάποιος αναλυτής, By21ου Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS μπορεί να εντοπίσει ένα Harvard δείκτη που δεν βελτιώθηκε, με αλματώδη τρόπο, σε University, Graduate School of Design, Student, αμφότερες τις περιπτώσεις.

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Βέβαια, μπορούμε με ευχέρεια να ισχυριστούμε, πως τέλοςofτου ψυχρού Student of theτο School Architecture πολέμου διατάραξε τις ισορροπίες για την Ελλάδα, καθώς Technical δεν είχε πλέον οποιοδήποτε University of Crete επικίνδυνο γείτονα στη περιοχή. Για είκοσι χρόνια η σημασία αυτής εξέλιξης παραγνωρίστηκε, η ενσωμάτωση ΕΕ και αργότερα στη Ζώνη του Ευρώ 1. Introductoryκαθώς approach: Defining στην the concept 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept διευκόλυναν την περαιτέρω ανάπτυξη και τη σύγκλιση(444 με τις χώρες.

ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC πρωτοπόρες - 370 BC, Athens), ΌτανANTISTHENIS, όμως η κρίση the τουancient 2007-8Greek έκανεphilosopher, αισθητή την παγκόσμια οικονομική BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the ανισορροπία, η χώρα περίπου ως παρίας. Αντίθετα για την Ν. Κορέα among other wise αντιμετωπίστηκε heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof “principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the συνέχισαν ναofυπάρχουν επικίνδυνες γειτονικές χώρεςthe καιcontent ιδίως of η concepts. Β. Κορέα. Η acquisition knowledge starts with the Based,συνεχίστηκε therefore, on this “principle” indefinition a first, if of not final, approach, the term ανάπτυξη και διευρύνθηκε η εκσυγχρονιστική διαδικασία.

1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term (and urban indicated (in the of Planning) (or gentrification Επισημαίνουμε ότιgentrification) η μορφή της isαπασχόλησης και area η εκβολή της στην 1 (and urban gentrification gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or Sociology well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from various κοινωνική as δομή συνέβαλαν αποφασιστικά στη συμπερίληψη τουςthis, στις(inπλούσιες Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups,πολύ usually of low-income and the placement thereτης of Κορέας artists, χώρες και την επίτευξη υψηλού επιπέδου ευημερίας. Η Δημοκρατία ways), of social groups, of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation ofπερίπου art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless of (με πληθυσμό 50usually εκατομμυρίων κατοίκων) συμμετέχει στην ομάδα των the operation ofconsequences art galleries, restaurants, etc.also However regardless whatever other has, rising of “change”, land (andθέση theof είκοσι πλουσιότερων χωρών (G20) τουresults πλανήτη, ενώ το this 2010 ήτανprices στην 12η whatever otherspeculation). consequences resultsανάπτυξη», also risingσύμφωνα of land prices the potential relative μεταξύ των χωρών με «πολύ υψηλήhas, ανθρώπινη με τον (and «Δείκτη potential relative speculation). Ανθρώπινης Ανάπτυξης» (H.D.I) του ΟΗΕ. Η in Ελλάδα (μεinπληθυσμό 11and εκατομμυρίων The term gentrification is found at first the UK early 1960s it refers to The term gentrification iswealthy foundτοatέτος firstτης in the UK in early andμνημονίου, itareas refersofto κατοίκων περίπου) το 2010,ofδηλαδή υπογραφής του1960s πρώτου the then observed trend people to buy property in poor the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas είναι η πιο αναπτυγμένη χώρα (World Bank) των Βαλκανίων (το ΑΕΠ London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents της areof αντιπροσωπεύει ποσοστό περί το 70% όλων των βαλκανικών κρατών, πλην της London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. Τουρκίας). Να σημειωθεί, επιπρόσθετα, ότι οι αναφερόμενες Βαλκανικές χώρες είχαν being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth τότεA πληθυσμό περίπου εκατομμυρίων κατοίκων in και ορισμένες αυτέςmajor ήταν description ofperiod, this56phenomenon is situations included the work of από Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar were recorded in other μέλη της Ε.Ε. Παράλληλα, το ίδιο έτος,similar κατατάσσεται στην εικοστή δεύτερη θέσηmajor των GLASS at the same period, while situations were recorded in other cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. χωρών μεWestern «πολύ υψηλό επίπεδο ανάπτυξης» (UNDP 2010, σ. 143). Το στοιχείο που cities in countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue είναι has several scholars andίσως for λόγω its more οφείλουμε να αναδείξουμε ότι η συνεχής οικονομική ανάπτυξη, του Since then, the issue has preoccupied several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach are being summarized from περίπου όμοιου υποδείγματος της απασχόλησης, αποτυπώθηκε στην κοινωνική comprehensive approach are being summarized from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thebelow, following: ευημερία. interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend Πίνακας 1: of a new category of social groups to “return” to the city, leavingμε theτοpurlieus for several reasons:στις highΜεσογειακές costs in money Η Απασχόληση, σύμφωνα Καθεστώς της Εργασίας,

and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, Πορτογαλία lack of the Χώρα Ελλάδα Ισπανία Ιταλία 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, 1993 2008 2015 1993 2008 2015 1993 2008 2015 1993 2008 2015 Έτος/Καθε Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) στώςservices Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for Μισθωτοί 53,2research 65 70,3 82,3 82,7 71,6 75,6 74,7 75,8 81,6 lower living cost64,9 of, in “withdrawal” from private easier access to markets, etc.where studies and Geneva, Prague, London and car New York74,5 she came back to London, in 1943 she published studies regarding city planning.

In 1950 she became teacher in the According to another approach, the phenomenon is due to a systematic and Αυτοαπασχο 27,4 20,9 23.7 19 10,5 11,7 11 20,4 16,4 17,4 17,5 13,1 University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public and λούμενοι long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, ofaction buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. Εργοδότες 7,2real estate, 8,3 6,9 for3,2 5,7 5 11,9 1,2part of 6,6the urban 6,9 5,5 in4,8 and selling theCodepreciation initially of web, 10th edit. Wil. COLLINS etc., SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: Χώρες (1993, 2008, 2015%) G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually Πηγή: ILO [LABORSTA and ILOSTAT].

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

Πίνακας 2: Η Απασχόληση, σύμφωνα με το Καθεστώς της Εργασίας, σε Επιλεγμένες Χώρες (1993, 2008, 2015- %) Χώρα

Η.Β. (Μ. Βρετανία)

Η.Π.Α

Έτος/Καθεστώς

1993

2008

2015

1993

Μισθωτοί

86,9

86,7

84,9

91,2

2008

Ιαπωνία

2015

1993

2008

Ν. Κορέα

2015

1993

2008

2014

93 80,6 86,5 88,5 61 68,7 73,2 By Mr. 93,5 George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard Graduate of 12,5* 12,9* 12,2 8,5*University, 6,9* 6,4* 9,6 School 7 6,5Design, 28,2* Student, 18,8 22,1* Αυτοαπασχολούμενοι

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Εργοδότες 2,5 3 2 6,4 Student of 2,5 the School of Architecture Πηγή: ILO [LABORSTA and ILOSTAT].

Technical University of Crete

*Στις συγκεκριμένες μετρήσεις οι αυτοαπασχολούμενοι και οι εργοδότες συμποσούνται σε μια συνολική αναλογία. Η επιλογή του τρόπου απεικόνισης ανήκει στις στατιστικές υπηρεσίες των 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept κρατών.

1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept

78

ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), Ο αντίλογος σε αυτή τη σκέψη, ωστόσο, είναι ότι σε ορισμένες περιπτώσεις, τα ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the δεδομένα της απασχόλησης είναι συγκρίσιμα, αλλά το επίπεδο της ευημερίας είναι among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. εξαιρετικά διαφορετικό. Τα στοιχεία αυτού του αντιλόγου είναι ανιχνεύσιμα στη acquisition of knowledge starts with the definition of the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term σύγκριση της Ελλάδας, με το Μεξικό και τη Βραζιλία (και οι δύο είναι χώρες του G20).

1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” inindicated a first,στην if (in not final, approach, the term gentrification) is the area of Planning) (or gentrification Οι τρεις χώρες παρουσιάζουν ανάλογες κατανομές απασχόληση και παρόμοια 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as την well), as the “refining” of a εργασίας city area, (Λύτρας, the removal from various πορεία προς ενίσχυση της μισθωτής 2016, σσ.this, 521,(in 534, 536).

Sociology asΜεξικό well), as the “refining” of aηcity area, fromσύμφωνα this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement there Εντούτοις το ήταν στην 56η και Βραζιλία στην 73η θέση, με το ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of «Δείκτη Ανθρώπινης Ανάπτυξης» (H.D.I), etc. το 2010, ενώthis το “change”, μεγαλύτερο μέροςartists, του the operation of art galleries, restaurants, However regardless of the operation artσε galleries, restaurants, etc.also However this regardless πληθυσμού τουςofconsequences ζει δύσκολες ή και απαράδεκτες κοινωνικές (UNDP, whatever other has, results rising of “change”, landσυνθήκες prices (and theof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the όπ.π., σ. 144). potential relative Μεterm μιαrelative διαφορετική προοπτική, είναι να επεκτείνουμε κριτικές potential speculation).

The gentrification is found at firstδυνατόν in the UK in early 1960sτις and it refersμας to διαπιστώσεις, με τη σύγκριση στις δύο (Ελλάδα Ν. από μια The term gentrification found at first in χώρες the UK in earlyκαι 1960s and itareas refers the then observed trend ofisανάμεσα wealthy people to buy property in Κορέα) poor ofto πλευρά και από την άλλη τις πιο αναπτυγμένες σύγχρονου κόσμου. Οιof the then observed trend of wealthy people to there buyτου property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay με themselves sometimes and thus old residents are τελευταίες διακρίνονται για τις τεράστιες πλειονότητες μισθωτών και τις ελάχιστες London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. μειονότητες των “squeezed”. εργοδοτών (Πίνακας 2). Είναι επομένως κοινωνίες εξαιρετικά being indirectly A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth πολωμένες. Η εργασιακή πόλωση αποτυπώνεται στις εξαιρετικά μεγάλες A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar recorded in other major ανισοκατανομές των εισοδημάτων και τα πολύ σοβαρά προβλήματα της φτώχειας.

GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Westernότι countries, other Researchers. Είναι ενδεικτικό το 2012by οι φτωχοί στις ΗΠΑ ήταν περί τα 46,5 εκατομμύρια, ενώ cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has several and for its more μόλις το 9,3% των νοικοκυριών κατατάσσεται στις scholars δύο ανώτερες ομάδες της Since then, the issue has preoccupied several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach are being summarized from κλίμακας των εισοδημάτων (DeNavas-Walt κ.ά., 2013, σσ. 13, 33). Εφόσον κριθεί πως comprehensive approach are being summarized from the various interpretations of the phenomenon ofείναι gentrification, following: αυτές οι διαστάσεις της σύγκρισης σημαντικέςthe ή below, έστω συμπληρώνουν σε interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: In a sense, due to a trend μοντέλων of a new category of social groups κρίσιμα πεδίαthe τηνphenomenon εκτίμηση τωνis διαφορετικών του καπιταλισμού, τότε to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons:για high in money έχουν τη δυναμική να αμφισβητήσουν τις όποιες βεβαιότητες τη costs ευστάθεια των προαναφερθεισών αναλύσεων. and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, where she made her first studies.

1932 she publishedτης an important study entitled: Ο ελληνικός καπιταλισμός και οιInθετικές ιδιότητες αυτονομίας services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for Είναι αποδεκτό ότι οι καπιταλιστικές σχέσειςeasier παραγωγής κυριαρχούν στην lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc. studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car New York she came to back to London, where ελληνική κοινωνία, τουλάχιστον από τη δεκαετία τουIn1921-1930, και ιδίως μετάin τη in According 1943 she published studies regarding city planning.

1950 sheto became teacher the to another approach, the phenomenon is due a systematic and Μικρασιατική Καταστροφή του 1922 (Μουζέλης, 1978, σσ.

46-50, Μοσχονάς, 1987, σ.

University College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public action and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying herΛύτρας, work are1993, characterized by a passion for justice.

See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. 47, σσ. 151-152). Η εθνική ολοκλήρωση και το εκρηκτικό πρόβλημα and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: των προσφύγων ήτανSONS οι επιταχυντές της συγκεκριμένης ιστορικής εξέλιξης. Η Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: Abstract. http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm aεπίλυση varietyτου of ways, in order to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually προσφυγικού ζητήματος συνέβαλε στην ταχεία διαδικασία της

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

αγροτικής μεταρρύθμισης, με την εκτεταμένη διανομή της γης σε πολλούς μικροϊδιοκτήτες (Βεργόπουλος, 1975, σσ. 178-179, 198-199). Ταυτόχρονα, η ανάγκη για εργασία και εισόδημα, στις αστικές περιοχές, ωθεί κυρίως τους πληθυσμούς των προσφύγων να αξιοποιήσουν τις δεξιότητές τους, σε μικρές και ιδιόκτητες βιοτεχνίες. Οι αυτόνομες προσπάθειες των νέων παραγωγών στην ύπαιθρο και την πόλη ενισχύθηκαν από το ελληνικού κράτος, το οποία μερίμνησε για την εισαγωγή νέων θεσμών σχετικά με τη χρηματοδότηση και την προστασία της εθνικής παραγωγής (Τσουλφίδης, 2011, σσ. 21-29). Επομένως οι προπολεμικές συνθήκες βασικά

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS χαρακτηρίζονται από τη Harvard συμβίωση της μικρής ατομικής ιδιοκτησίας και της University, Graduate School of Design, Student, αυτοαπασχόλησης. Η κοινωνική οργάνωση διακρίνεται από τις ευρείες ομάδες με

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect μικροαστικό προσδιορισμό.

Student of the School of Architecture Η μεταπολεμική εποχή σημαδεύεται αρχικά από την πληθυσμιακή μετακίνηση Technical University of Crete από την ύπαιθρο στις πόλεις (παράλληλα με το φαινόμενο της μετανάστευσης στο εξωτερικό). Το 1951, η πλειοψηφία τουthe πληθυσμού 1. Introductory approach: Defining concept κατοικεί στην ύπαιθρο και 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept εργάζεται στη γη. Πενήντα χρόνια αργότερα, η συντριπτική κατοικεί σε ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444πλειονότητα BC - 370 BC, Athens), αστικές περιοχές (Ελληνική Στατιστική Αρχή, 2010, σ.

35). Παρά την ισχυρή τάση του ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the εκσυγχρονισμού οι μισθωτοί αποτελούν μειονότητα στην απασχόληση μέχρι τα τέλη among other wise heritage leftthe us, he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with definition of the content concepts. the της δεκαετίαςof του '80 (Λύτρας, 1993, σ. the 189). acquisition knowledge starts with definition the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if of not final, approach, the term Η αναπαραγωγή των μικροαστικών στρωμάτων γίνεται πλέον αισθητή στον 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term (and gentrification) is indicated area of (or gentrification δευτερογενή και τονurban τριτογενή τομέα (Λύτρας 2010, (in σσ.the 18-21). ΟιPlanning) νεοφερμένοι 1 gentrification (and urban gentrification) isarea, indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology well), asακίνητα the “refining” a cityσσ. the removal (in various αγοράζουνas ιδιωτικά (Λύτραςof 1993, 209-214) και βελτιώνουν αισθητά τις Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income the placement of artists, επαγγελματικές τους συνθήκες, αλλά και την and εισοδηματική τους there κατάσταση. Το ways), ofκράτος social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, However this “change”, regardless of ελληνικό τούς βοηθά ουσιαστικά, μεetc. πρόσθετες θεσμικές ρυθμίσεις, και ιδίως operation ofconsequences art galleries, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other has,δάνεια results also rising ofσσ. land prices (and theof μεthe ευνοϊκά φορολογικά μέτρα ή restaurants, ειδικά (Λύτρας, 2010, 165-188). whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising κατά of land (andτης the potential relative Η καλυτέρευση των συνθηκών της εκπαίδευσης, τηprices διάρκεια potential relative speculation). μεταπολεμικής εποχής, επιτρέπει τωνin early μεσαίων The term gentrification is found atστα firstπαιδιά in the UK 1960sστρωμάτων and it refersνα to The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itσ. refers αποκτήσουν πολύ απαιτητικές επιστημονικές δεξιότητες (Τσουκαλάς, 98). Οι the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in 1987, poor areas ofto the then observed trend wealthy people to buy στρωμάτων property in poor areas μάζες αυτές συμβάλλουν στη δημιουργία νέων ανεξάρτητων London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof επαγγελματιών, όπως δικηγόρων, γιατρών, μηχανικών ή ωθούνται στη αναζήτηση London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. μιας θέσης εργασίας υψηλής ειδίκευσης στις δημόσιες υπηρεσίες (ιατροί, νοσηλευτές, being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth δάσκαλοι, καθηγητές, πανεπιστημιακοί, δικαστές, στρατιωτικοί κλπ). Αυτή η A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major διαδικασία, διευρύνει σε νέους τομείς περαιτέρω το were υπόδειγμα λειτουργίας των GLASS at the same period, while similar situations recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. μικροαστικών στρωμάτων καιby παρέχει χώρο ή και χρόνο στις προκείμενες ομάδες να cities in Western countries, other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars τις andευκαιρίες for its more εκμεταλλευτούν, με μικρά ατομικά ή συλλογικά τολμήματα, στις Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from δεκαετίες του ’70 και του ’80. comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, following: Στην περίοδο, μετά την δικτατορία (1967-74), the σημειώνονται τα πιο θετικά interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: In a sense, theκοινωνική phenomenon due to a εξέλιξη. trend of aΟιnew categoryτης of social groups γεγονότα στην και isπολιτική συνθήκες δημοκρατίας to “return” to the leaving the purlieusΟforκαίριος several reasons: highεκσυγχρονισμός costs in money βελτιώνονται, με city, ταχείες διαδικασίες. κοινωνικός and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the συντονίζεται με τη ένταξη στην Ευρωπαϊκή Οικονομική Κοινότητα (ΕΟΚ), τη 1.of The term comes from Sociologist Ruth 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS wasbetter born sense safety the distributed residencies outside centres, for συμμετοχή στηνat Ευρωπαϊκή Ένωση (ΕΕ) καιGLASS, τελικά τηtown συμπερίληψη της χώρας στηνin Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: Ευρωζώνη. services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for Σε αυτό το πλαίσιο, οι οικονομικές αναδιαρθρώσεις στη σύγκλιση, η lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier Yorkσυμβάλλουν she came to back to London, οποία αφορά την των παραγωγικών τομέων, προηγμένες χώρες in του in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning.

In με 1950 she teacher the to κατανομή another approach, the isτις due tobecame a systematic and University College of London, where she her social research.στο Her ΑΕΠ public action and κόσμου καιinformal της Ε.Ε. Η κατανομή τωνcontinued τομέων της παραγωγής εκφράζει long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work areαπόλυτη characterized by a passion for justice.

See also: COLLINS2).

ENGLISH DICTIONARY. σήμερα την επιβολή του τριτογενή τομέα (Διάγραμμα Την σύγκλιση στο and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: του of ΑΕΠ, παρακολούθησε η απασχόληση, όσον αφορά στην κατανομή στους Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm aπεδίο variety ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually παραγωγικούς τομείς (Διάγραμμα 3).

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Διάγραμμα 2 GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student,

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Student of the School of Architecture Technical University of Crete

80

1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept 1. Introductory approach: the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term (or gentrification (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Πηγή: World Bank. World Development Indicators (Database).

Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of Διάγραμμα 3 the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more Since then, the issue has several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized from comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: Πηγή: Eurostat 2013.

In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new category of social groups to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money σύγκλιση με τις προηγμένες σχετικά με την κατανομή τηςlack εργασίας and timeΗto travel from the purlieus toχώρες, downtown, where work place is, of the 1.of The termπαραγωγής, from Sociologist RuthμεGLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth GLASS for wasbetter born στους τομείς συνοδεύεται την ενίσχυση της απασχόλησης στιςin sense safety atcomes the distributed residencies outside town centres, search Berlin, where sheΤο made her firstκράτος studies. δεν In 1932 she published an κοινές important study entitled: κρατικές δομές. ελληνικό αποκλίνει από τις ιδιότητες των services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for βασικών ευρωπαϊκών παραδειγμάτων, αν και παρουσιάζει αρκετά μικρότερη lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc. studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back to London, where συμμετοχή απασχόληση, σε σχέση με τα ευρισκόμενα στις πρώτες θέσεις in According 1943 sheστην published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning.

In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and (2008). Στην Ευρώπη αλλά και συνολικά στις αναπτυγμένες καπιταλιστικές χώρες το University College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public action and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her workείναι are characterized by a passion for justice.(Διάγραμμα See also: COLLINS ENGLISHνα DICTIONARY. κράτος ο μεγαλύτερος εργοδότης 4). Πρέπει τύχουν and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. AND Ltd. London σχετικά 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: Encyclopedia: σοβαρότερης θεώρησηςSONS οι άτεγκτες εκτιμήσεις, το εύρος The του Free κράτους και το Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: Abstract. http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm aβαθμό variety of ways, in order to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually της επίδρασής του στην ελληνική κρίση. Πάντως η ένδεια των εμφανών

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

τεκμηρίων για τις συγκεκριμένες εκτιμήσεις ερμηνεύει, κατά κάποιο τρόπο, τις ατελέσφορες επιλογές των μνημονίων και των ελληνικών προγραμμάτων, τα οποία συνάφθηκαν από τους δανειστές και τις κυβερνήσεις της χώρας. Είναι προφανές ότι υποστηρικτές τους αγνοούσαν, πλήρως, αυτές τις μετρήσεις, αν δεν ήταν σκόπιμη η παράκαμψή τους και επιτηδευμένη η στρεβλωμένη εικόνα για την κοινωνία, την πολιτεία και τους θεσμούς της. Είναι, πραγματικά, μια από τις πιο προβληματικές πτυχές η αύξηση του δημόσιου χρέους, αλλά η διαχρονική τάση του George-Sp. δεν διαφέρειC. πολύ από τα συγκρίσιμα

By Mr. ATHANASOPOULOS υποδείγματα (Διάγραμμα 5). Η λεπτομερής παρατήρηση των σχετικών μετρήσεων Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, υποδεικνύει πως πολλές από τις επικρίσεις για τα συμβαίνοντα στην Ελλάδα είναι

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect τουλάχιστον υπερβολικές, ίσως και σκόπιμα παραμορφωτικές της γενικής εικόνας Student of the School of Architecture της. Από την αντιπαραβολή του δημοσίου χρέους με το αντίστοιχο στις προηγμένες Technical University of Crete χώρες φαίνεται ότι υπάρχουν ανάλογες περιπτώσεις (στην Ιταλία και τα τελευταία χρόνια στις ΗΠΑ) approach: και μια ένδειξη πολύ επιβάρυνσης (όπως στην 1. Introductory Defining theμεγαλύτερης concept 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept Ιαπωνία, η οποία είναι η τρίτη οικονομική δύναμη στο σημερινό κόσμο).

ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens),

ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the Διάγραμμα 4 among other wise heritage left us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with the of the content concepts. the acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term (or gentrification (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor Πηγή: OECDobserved 2011 (Chapter 5).of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas of the then trend London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are Διάγραμμα 5 London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more Since then, the issue has several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized from comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new category of social groups to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public action and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. Πηγή: IMF,are 2012. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

Η σύγκλιση και οι εμμένουσες διαφοροποιήσεις στην απασχόληση Η αύξηση της απασχόλησης, στην Ελλάδα από τις αρχές της δεκαετίας του '80, ήταν σαφής και σταθερή (Λύτρας, 2016, σσ. 207-209). Η συγκεκριμένη διαδικασία συνδυάζεται με την ένταξη της συντριπτικής πλειονότητας των νεοεισερχόμενων στο καθεστώς των μισθωτών. Η συγκεκριμένη εξέλιξη συνοδεύτηκε με τη συνεχή μείωση της αναλογίας των αυτοαπασχολουμένων και την ταχύτερη μείωση του ποσοστού των συμβοηθούντων μελών της οικογένειας (12,13% το 1993 και 5,87% το 2008). Οφείλουμε να σημειώσουμε ότι, ενώ η αναλογία των αυτοαπασχολουμένων

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS μειώνεται σημαντικά την Harvard περίοδο: 1993-2008, η πτώση του ποσοστού τους University, Graduate School of Design, Student, συνοδεύεται από πολύ πιο συγκρατημένη αριθμητική μεταβολή. Η γενική αύξηση της

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect απασχόλησης και η διεύρυνση του αριθμού τωνStudent ξένων μεταναστών (UNDP, 2009) of the School of Architecture εξηγεί αυτήν την ιδιόρρυθμη εξέλιξη. Είναι ενδιαφέρον, παράλληλα, αναλογία των Technical ότι University of Crete εργοδοτών παρουσίασε μια μικρή, αλλά αξιοσημείωτη διεύρυνση. H μετακίνηση των αυτοαπασχολουμένων στην κατάσταση εργοδοτών θα μπορούσε να είναι μια 1. Introductory approach: Defining των the concept 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept εύλογη εξήγηση. Ένα κίνητρο για τη δημιουργία νέων μικρών ήταν η ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BCεπιχειρήσεων - 370 BC, Athens), αύξηση της κατανάλωσης, κατά τη φάση της προετοιμασίας ή και κατά τη διάρκεια ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the των Ολυμπιακών Αγώνων (2004), αλλά καιhe λόγω των θετικών τους “principle”: αποτελεσμάτων among other wise heritage leftthe us, established a great acquisition of knowledge startshe with definition of the content of concepts. the στο οικονομικό κλίμα (Διάγραμμα 6). Ηthe αφθονία των of ανθρωπίνων πόρων επέτρεψε acquisition of knowledge starts with the content of concepts. onκερδών this “principle” indefinition a first, ifνέες not final, approach, the term τη Based, συνεχή therefore, αύξηση των και καλλιεργήθηκαν προσδοκίες για αισιόδοξες 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term urban gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification επιχειρηματικές(and περιπέτειες στο μέλλον. is Τοindicated πλαίσιο (in τηςthe αισιοδοξίας, εντούτοις, 1 (and gentrification urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or Sociology well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various αναιρείται as από την μεσολάβηση της οικονομικής κρίσης του 2007-8.

Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually andυπό theαμφισβήτηση. placement there of artists, Μετά την έκρηξη της κρίσηςofταlow-income πάντα τίθεται Η Ελλάδα δεν ways), of επισήμως, social groups, ofπολύ low-income andπιστωτικό thethis placement there artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”, regardless of πτώχευσε αλλάusually βρέθηκε κοντά στο γεγονός. Το of 2010 οι the operation artτην galleries, restaurants, However this regardless whatever consequences has, also rising of “change”, landΤράπεζα prices (and the εταίροι τηςother στηνofΕΕ, Ευρωζώνη καιresults την etc. Ευρωπαϊκή Κεντρική (ΕΚΤ), μεof whatever other consequences has, resultsΤαμείου also rising of land prices (andένα the potential relative τη βοήθεια του speculation). Διεθνούς Νομισματικού (ΔΝΤ), διοργάνωσαν potential relative speculation). χρηματοδοτικό πρόγραμμα για at το first ελληνικό χρέος. Με1960s τη and μέθοδο The term gentrification is found in the UK in early it refersτης to The term gentrification found atpeople firstαπό in the UK in earlyοι1960s andδανειστές itareas refersofto αναχρηματοδότησης του ελληνικού χρέους το buy εξωτερικό, θεσμικοί the then observed trend ofiswealthy to property in poor the then observed trend of wealthy people to there buy property in poor areas έχουν διασφαλίσει, με τις σχετικές συμβάσεις, τις αποδόσεις τωνthus κεφαλαίων τους και, London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes and old residents areof ταυτόχρονα, έχουν επιβάλλει ένα εκτεταμένο σύνολο (των λεγόμενων) London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. μεταρρυθμίσεων, δηλαδή ευρεία σειρά ιδιωτικοποιήσεων και απορρυθμίσεων της being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth εθνικής οικονομίας, και απορρυθμίσεων στηνin αγορά εργασίας (Daskalakis, A description ofαλλά this phenomenon is situations included the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same period, while similar were in other major 2015, σσ. 297-304).

GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. Διάγραμμα 6 cities in Western countries, by other Researchers.

82

Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more Since then, the issue has several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized from comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new category of social groups to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public action and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: Abstract. http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm aΠηγή: variety of ways, in order to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually ILO, LABORSTA (Database). Employment by Status in Employment.

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Διάγραμμα 7 GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student,

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Student of the School of Architecture Technical University of Crete

1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among otherχρόνια wise heritage left us, he established a great the Αρκετά μετά τηνheεφαρμογή του πρώτου μνημονίου όλος ο θετικός among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. εξοπλισμός του ελληνικού καπιταλισμού είτε βρίσκεται σε απόλυτη εμπλοκή είτε έχει acquisition of knowledge starts with the definition of the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term καταρρεύσει. Η τραπεζική χρηματοδότηση της οικονομίας έχει διακοπεί. Η σκληρή 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” inindicated a first, if (in not final, approach, the term gentrification) is area of Planning) (or gentrification φορολογική αντιμετώπιση των αστικών ακινήτων από το the κράτος είναι ένα διαρκές 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology well), as theτων “refining” ofφόρων, a city area, removal from (in various βάσανο. Οιas επιβαρύνσεις έμμεσων μαζίthe με την αύξηση τωνthis, ασφαλιστικών Sociology as well), as the “refining” ofπόρους a city area, fromδιευρύνουν this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement there εισφορών προς τα ταμεία αποσπούν από την αγορά και την ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, αναγκαστική αχρηματία. ομάδες της μικρής επιχειρηματικότητας, όταν the operation of art galleries,Οιrestaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of the operation art galleries, restaurants, etc.also However “change”, εδραιώνονται ταofπροκείμενα αρνητικά αλλάζουν τα στη regardless στρατηγική whatever other consequences has, γεγονότα, results risingthis of πάντα land prices (and theof whatever otherεργοδότες consequences has, results also rising τους of land (andτις the τους. Οι relative μικροί απολύουν τους υπαλλήλους καιprices μειώνουν potential speculation). potential relative speculation). δραστηριότητες τους. Ουσιαστικά πολλοί από ρίζες τους, The term gentrification is found at first inαυτούς the UK«επιστρέφουν» in early 1960s στις and it refers to δηλαδή κατάσταση εργαζομένων ίδιοbuy λογαριασμό (Διάγραμμα 7). Το Theστην term gentrification found atpeople firstγια in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refers the then observed trendτων ofiswealthy to property in poor ofto κέντρο της στρατηγικής τουςof γίνεται η προστασία αυτονομίας και the then observed trend wealthy people to της buyεργασιακής property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof της ιδιωτικής περιουσίας, δηλαδή των ισχυρότερων στοιχείων, για κοινωνική τους London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. επιβίωση, της επαγγελματικής και εισοδηματικής τους υποδομής. being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth Η description συνέπεια of αυτής της ιδιόρρυθμης συνθήκης απλούστερη από A this phenomenon is situations included inwere the ήταν work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at theπερίπλοκη same period, while similar recorded in other major οποιαδήποτε σκέψη. Η δραματική αύξηση του ποσοστού ανεργίας ήταν GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western other Researchers. μεγαλύτερη από countries, ό,countries, τι είχανby υπολογίσει οι αισιόδοξοι δανειστές (Διάγραμμα 1). Η cities in Western bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has several scholars for its more υψηλή ανεργία είναι η ένδειξη, ότι δυσλειτουργεί πλέον ο and καπιταλισμός. Οι Since then, the issue has preoccupied several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach are being summarized from σημαντικότερες αιτίες αυτής της αύξησης είναι από τη μία πλευρά, ο αυτόcomprehensive approach are being summarized from the various interpretations of the phenomenon gentrification, thebelow, following: περιορισμός των μικρών μονάδωνofκαι από την άλλη πλευρά η μείωση της interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: In a sense, στο the phenomenon απασχόλησης δημόσιο τομέα.is due to a trend of a new category of social groups to “return” to the city, the purlieus several high costs in money Είναι εμφανές απόleaving τα προηγηθέντα ότιfor καμιά απόreasons: τις αιτιάσεις, σχετικά με τις αιτίες της κρίσης, δενtheευσταθεί, στερείται Η and time to travel from purlieus toκαθώς downtown, whereπειστικών work placeτεκμηρίων. is, lack of the 1.of The term from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth GLASS wasbetter born in παραγωγική δομή καιdistributed τα είδη των δραστηριοτήτων συγκλίνουν και παρουσιάζουν sense safety atcomes the residencies outside town centres, search for Berlin, where she made her first studies.

In 1932 she published an important study entitled: μεγάλες αναλογίες με όσες χώρες θεωρούνται σήμερα πρωτοπόρες. Το μέγεθος του services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for κράτους και η ανάπτυξη της δημόσιας υπαλληλίας παρακολουθεί τις διεθνείς lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc. studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back to London, where εξελίξεις, ενώpublished ηtoαπασχόληση στο Δημόσιο σε αρκετέςInαναπτυγμένες καπιταλιστικές in According 1943 she studies regarding cityphenomenon planning.

1950 sheto became teacher in the another approach, the is due a systematic and χώρες είναι εμφανώς μεγαλύτερη. Η εξέλιξη του δημοσίου χρέους είναι ένα σοβαρό University College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public action and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her workαλλά are characterized a passion for προβλήματα justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH ζήτημα, ανάλογα ήbyμεγαλύτερα παρουσιάζονται καιDICTIONARY. σε άλλες and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. Ltd. London WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: προηγμένες χώρες, πουSONS δεν AND αντιμετώπισαν τα 2009. ίδια και επιβεβλημένα αδιέξοδα. Οι G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually Πηγή: ILOSTAT (Database). by concept Status in Employment.

1.ILO, Introductory approach:Employment Defining the

διαφοροποιήσεις στη διάρθρωση της απασχόλησης είχαν θετικά αποτελέσματα για 252183 11

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

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την επαγγελματική ανεξαρτησία και τα ατομικά εισοδήματα. Η εσφαλμένη εκτίμηση των πλεονεκτημάτων και των επιτευγμάτων της κοινωνικής οργάνωσης συνέτεινε στην πολύ πρόχειρη διαχείριση της κρίσης χρέους. Τα περιεχόμενα και ο τρόπος εφαρμογής των μνημονίων, αντί να λειτουργήσουν επικουρικά για την ανάκαμψη, βυθίζουν τις προοπτικές της χώρας και αποδιοργανώνουν την κοινωνία. Είναι έντονη η αίσθηση του γράφοντος, ότι οι συντάκτες και οι υποστηρικτές των προγραμμάτων δεν είχαν τις διανοητικές ετοιμότητες, να αντιμετωπίσουν μια κοινωνία με εντελώς διάφορη δομή της απασχόλησης, σε σχέση την αντίστοιχη σε όλες εκείνες που

By Mr.μεGeorge-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS είχαν συνηθίσει να αντιλαμβάνονται ως αναπτυγμένες. Ενδεχομένως οι θεωρίες για Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, τους «διαφορετικούς τύπους του By καπιταλισμού» φόρτισαν υπερβολικά την Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect τεχνοκρατική αντίληψή τους.

Student of the School of Architecture Technical University of Crete Βιβλιογραφία B. 2003.

The Diversity of Modern Capitalism. Oxford: Oxford University 1.Amable, Introductory approach: Defining the concept 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept Press.

ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), Amable, B. 2000. Institutional Complementarity and (444 Diversity of Social ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Systems Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the ofamong Innovation and Production.

Review of International Political Economy, Vol. 7, No. 4, other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the σσ.

645-687. of knowledge starts with the definition of the content of concepts. acquisition Based, therefore,K.on1975. this “principle” in a Ζήτημα first, if not final, approach, the term Βεργόπουλος, Το Αγροτικό στην Ελλάδα. Η κοινωνική 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term (and urbanΑθήνα: gentrification) gentrification ενσωμάτωση της γεωργίας. Εξάντας. is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or 1 (and gentrification urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or Sociology as well),Δ.Ι. as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in Σχέσεις. various Δασκαλάκης, 2013. Βιομηχανική Κοινωνιολογία και Βιομηχανικές Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, Αθήνα:of Παπαζήσης. ways), of social groups, of low-income and placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of Daskalakis, D. 2015. usually Greek Labour Relations in the Transition, in Global Context. the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang-PL Academic Research. whatever other consequences results also risingPublications of land prices (and the potential relative speculation).

Eurostat, 2013.

European Socialhas, Statistics.

Luxembourg, Office of the potential relative speculation).

European Union.

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to The term found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and10, itareas refers Crouch, C.gentrification 2005.trend Models of Capitalism.

New Economy, Vol. No. of 4to the then observed ofiswealthy to Political buy property in poor the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas (December), σσ.

439-456.

London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof Hall, P.A. and Soskice, D. (eds.)

(2001).

Varieties of Capitalism: London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thusThe old Institutional residents are being indirectly “squeezed”.

Foundation of Comparative Advantage.

Oxford: Oxford University Press. being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth Ελληνική (ΕΛ.ΣΤΑΤ.), 2010. Συνοπτική Στατιστική Επετηρίδα, A description ofperiod, this Αρχή phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at theΣτατιστική same while similar in other major 2009. Πειραιάς: ΕΛ.ΣΤΑΤ.

GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers.

ILO, LABORSTA (Database).

Employment by Status in Employment cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more (http://www.ilo.org).

Since then, the issue has preoccupied several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach are being summarized ILO, ILOSTATapproach (Database).

Employment by below, Status from in Employment comprehensive are being summarized from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: (http://www.ilo.org). interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: InILO, a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new category of social groups ILOSTAT (Database). Unemployment, (http://www.ilo.org). to “return” to the city, leaving theofpurlieus forData several reasons: high World costs in money IMF, 2012.

Nominal GDP list countries. for the year 2012.

Economic and time to travel(April). from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the Outlook Database term from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth GLASS for wasΔομής. born in sense1. ofThe safety atcomes the distributed residencies outside centres, search better Λύτρας, A.N. 1993. Προλεγόμενα στη Θεωρία τηςtown Ελληνικής Κοινωνικής Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: Αθήνα: Νέα Σύνορα-A.A. Λιβάνης. services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for Λύτρας, A.N.of, 2010. Μικρό-Αστική Λειτουργία καιeasier Οργάνωση στην Ελλάδα. Αθήνα: lower living cost “withdrawal” from private access to markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and car New York she came back to London, Παπαζήσης. in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public action and Λύτρας, A.N. 2016. Η Μισθωτή Εργασία στην Κοινωνική Οργάνωση. Αθήνα: long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. Παπαζήσης. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: Μοσχονάς, A. 1987. Παραδοσιακά Μικροαστικά Στρώματα στην Ελλάδα. Αθήνα: G. ALEXANDRI: Abstract. http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually Ίδρυμα Μεσογειακών Μελετών (ΙΜΜ).

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student,

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Student of the School of Architecture Technical University of Crete

1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept 1. Introductory approach: the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term urban gentrification) is indicated (in the areaΑθήνα: of Planning) (or gentrification Μουζέλης, (and 1978. Νεοελληνική Κοινωνία: Όψεις Υπανάπτυξης. Εξάντας.

1N.(and gentrification urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” a city area, theEarly removal from this, (inand various Mouzelis, N. 1986.

Politics in theof Semi-periphery: Parliamentarism Late Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually ofLatin low-income placement there of artists, Industrialisation in the Balkans and America.and Newthe York: Macmillan. ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement there of artists, the operation art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”, regardless of Norris, M.of and Shiels, P. 2004.

Regular National Report on Housing Developments in the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land pricesand (andLocal theof European Countries.

Dublin: Department of the Environment, Heritage whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the Government (November). potential relative speculation). potential relative speculation).

OECD, Government at a Glance, 2011.

The term gentrification is foundOECD, at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to The term found atpeople first in Capitalism. the UK in early 1960s andUniversity itareas refersofto Schmidt, V.gentrification 2002.

The Futures of European Oxford: Oxford the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas Press.

London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof Τσουκαλάς, K.them, 1987.stay Κράτος, Κοινωνία, Εργασία στηand Μεταπολεμική Ελλάδα.

London, upgrade themselves sometimes there thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. Αθήνα: Θεμέλιο. being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth Tsoulfidis, L. 2011.

Economic the recorded Depression 1930s (in A description ofperiod, thisFrom phenomenon isProsperity included to inwere the work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar situations in of other major Greek).

MPRA Papers, No. while 31746 (posted 24 were June),recorded https://mpra.ub.uniGLASS at the same period, similar situations in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. muenchen.de/31746/. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more Unitedthen, Nations Development Programme (UNDP), 2009.

Human Development Since the issue has preoccupied several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach are being summarized from Report 2009. Overcoming Barriers: Human mobility and development.

New York: UNDP comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the(http://www.undp.org/). phenomenon of gentrification, the following: - Palgrave Macmillan interpretations the phenomenon of thecategory following: InUnited a sense, theof phenomenon is due togentrification, a trend(UNDP), of a new of social groups Nations Development Programme 2010. Human Development to “return” theReal city,Wealth leavingofthe purlieus forPathways several reasons: high costs in money Report 2010.toThe Nations: The to Human Development.

New and to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the York:time UNDP-Palgrave Macmillan (http://www.undp.org/). termat comes fromThe Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth GLASS for was born sense1. ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, search better Wallerstein, I. 1974.

Modern World-System.

Capitalist Agriculture and thein Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: Origins ofofthe European World-Economy in the“at Sixteenth Century.

Studies in Social services health, education, entertainment the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for Discontinuity.

Newof, York: Academic Press. lower living cost “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, Wallerstein I. 1980.

The Modern World-System Mercantilism and in the in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 she teacher the to another approach, the isII.due tobecame a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public action and Consolidation of the European World-Economy, 1600-1750.

New York: Academic Press. long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work areBank. characterized by a passion Indicators for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. World Worldetc., Development Database and selling realCOLLINS estate, for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a(http://data.worldbank.org). variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student,

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Student of the School of Architecture Technical University of Crete

1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept 1. Introductory approach: the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term (or gentrification (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more Since then, the issue has several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized from comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new category of social groups to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public action and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

86

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns + Του Μιχάλη ΓΚΙΟΚΑ

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student,

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Student of the School of Architecture Technical University of Crete 1

1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept 1. Introductory approach: the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term (or gentrification (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more Since then, the issue has several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized from comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new category of social groups to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public action and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually 252187 11

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student,

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Student of the School of Architecture Technical University of Crete

1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept 1. Introductory approach: the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term (or gentrification (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more Since then, the issue has several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized from comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new category of social groups to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of 1health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Ευγνώμων αναφορά τουshe τεύχους 10/1997.and Εκ των Πρωτεργατών ανά Youth Unemployment.

The sameεκ year left Germany after continuous της movements for lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Ευπατρίδης Prague, London NewΘιασώτης York she came back to London, χείρας έκδοσης. Εκλεκτός και and Φίλος. της υγιούς Ιδιωτικής in According 1943 she published regarding cityphenomenon planning.

In 1950 she the to another approach, the is due tobecame a systematic and Πρωτοβουλίας. Ταstudies άρθρα του διεκρίνοντο για το καλλιεπές του ύφους, τηνteacher πλήρη in University College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public action and η long-term informal by organizedτου groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying τεκμηρίωση καιeffort την by συνεκτικότητα λόγου. Απεβίωσε την ENGLISH 29 Αυγούστου her work are characterized a passion for justice.

See also: COLLINS DICTIONARY. and selling real estate, for theεκφράζονται depreciation initially of θέση part of the urban web, in 2016.Wil. Προς τους etc., Οικείους και2009. απόWIKIPEDIA: την αυτή ειλικρινή 10th edit.

COLLINS SONS AND Co Ltd. London The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm συλλυπητήρια. a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

88

Καθηγητής Κων. ΓΕ. ΑΘΑΝΑΣΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ

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Διαχείριση Γνώσης στο Περιβάλλον Εργασίας GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Τηςof κυρίας Μαρίας ΠΑΠΑΓΙΑΝΝΗ M. Sc. Προγρ. «Διεθνής Διοικητ. Επιχειρήσεων» Concerns Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS 1. Η Γνώση στο By περιβάλλον εργασίας Στο εμπορικό1 περιβάλλον η γνώση πρέπει να τοποθετηθεί σε τρεις Harvardεργασίας University, Graduate School of Design, Student,

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS βασικούς τομείς: Architect Student of the School of Architecture α. Ανάγκες των πελατών, Technical University of Crete β. Το ενδιαφέρον για τις μεθόδους και γ. Το σύνολο της γνώσης (Gamble και Blackwell, 2001).

1. Introductory Defining the concept Κάθε μέλοςapproach: του Οργανισμού πρέπει να κατανοήσει πώς η εργασία του 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the συμβάλλει στην εκπλήρωση των αναγκών τωνconcept πελατών(444 και BC πώς-τα προϊόντα και οι ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 τα BC,μέλη Athens), υπηρεσίες της wise επιχείρησης παρέχουν πελατειακή αξία. (444 Στη συνέχεια, του among other heritage he left us, he established a great the Οργανισμού κατανοήσουν τον τρόπο πουofηthe εργασία τους επηρεάζει την among other wiseναheritage leftthe us,definition he established a great the acquisition ofπρέπει knowledge startshe with content of“principle”: concepts. εργασία των άλλων. Το μέροςthe της διαδικασίας είναι η ροή της γνώσης από acquisition of knowledge starts with the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, onτελευταίο this “principle” indefinition a first, if of not final, approach, the term άτομο σε άτομο, που urban ο καθένας πρέπει να κατανοήσει ποικίλους βαθμούς το 1 (and Based, therefore, on this “principle” inindicated a first, ifσε(in not final, approach, theθέμα term gentrification) is the area of Planning) (or gentrification μεgentrification το οποίο οι 1εργαζόμενοι του Οργανισμού ασχολούνται. Η γνώση πρέπει να ρέει (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various συνεχώς στον Οργανισμό. Η μετάδοση τωνarea, γνώσεων προς τους άλλους και η Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, καταγραφή νέας γνώσης, όπως περιγράφεται από and τον Nonaka (1991),καθώς καιartists, τους ways), of social groups, usually of low-income thethis placement there of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”, regardless of Nonaka και Takeuchi (1995), οι οποίοι εξετάζουν την έννοια της γνώσης από τηνof the operation ofconsequences art galleries, restaurants, etc.also However this “change”, regardless whatever other has, results rising of land prices (and the άποψη ενός φαύλου κύκλου γνώσης. Ο κύκλος αυτός περιλαμβάνει τέσσερεις whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative βασικές μορφές αλληλεπίδρασης μεταξύ άρρητης και ρητής γνώσης: potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to a. κοινωνικοποίηση, The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor b. εξωτερίκευση, the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas London, upgrade c. συνδυασμός και them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. d. εσωτερίκευση being indirectly “squeezed”. Η ροή της από άτομοis included σε άλλο in άτομο έχει ως αποτέλεσμαRuth τις A description of γνώσης this phenomenon the work of Sociologist A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work ofελέγχου Sociologist Ruth συλλογικές προσπάθειες γιαwhile την similar ολοκλήρωση προγραμμάτων γιαmajor την GLASS at the same in other GLASS at the same period, situations were recorded in other major ενισχύσει της οργανωτικής αποτελεσματικότητας. cities in Western countries, bywhile othersimilar Researchers.

cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more Since then, the issue has several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized from 2. Ρητή και Άρρητη Γνώση comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: Σύμφωναofμεthe τους Gamble & Blackwell (2001), the μπορούμε να διαχωρίσουμε interpretations phenomenon of gentrification, following: In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new category of social groups την γνώση που αποκτάμε σε ρητή (explicit), άρρητη γνώση (tacit) και to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money ενσωματωμένη γνώση. Η ρητή where γνώση μεταδίδεται το and time to travel (embedded) from the purlieus to downtown, work place is, lackμε of the προφορικό και γραπτό λόγο, την άρρητη την αποκτάμε με την εμπειρία και termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, where she made first studies. In 1932 published anδιάφορες important study entitled: την ενσωματωμένη μεher την παρατήρηση, τηνshe ανάλυση και τεχνικές. services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. same year she left and after continuous movements Σύμφωνα μεTheτους Gamble &Germany Blackwell (2001), εντοπίζουν τιςfor lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, διαδικασίες αναγνώρισης των υφιστάμενων πηγών και in την in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning.

In 1950 sheto became teacher the to another approach, the isγνώσης, due aκαθώς systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public action and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work 1 are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. κείμενο περιλαμβάνεται σε εκτενή εργασία2009. της Συγγραφέως τίτλο: Η επίδραση and selling real estate, etc., for the depreciation initially of partμεof the urban web,της in 10th edit.Το Wil. COLLINS SONS AND Co Ltd. London WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: Γνώσης στον στρατηγικό προσανατολισμό ενός κεφαλαιοποιητικού Ασφαλιστικού Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: Abstract. http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm aΔιαχείρισης variety of ways, in order to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually Οργανισμού και ο ρόλος του Ανθρώπινου Δυναμικού ως συντελεστού κεφαλαίου.

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

ανακάλυψη κρυμμένης γνώσης στα δεδομένα και τις πληροφορίες. Αυτή η γνώση βρίσκεται τόσο εντός του Οργανισμού όσο και εκτός, όπως σε πελάτες, προμηθευτές και συνεργάτες, κλπ. Ρητή γνώση (Explicit knowledge): διαχείριση εγγράφων, συλλογή πληροφοριών, «εξόρυξη» δεδομένων, κειμένου κ. λ. Είναι χρήσιμη και σημαντική. Η άρρητη γνώση (Tacit knowledge): Περιλαμβάνει εργαλεία και πρακτικές, όπως έρευνες για αναζήτηση γνώσης, ερωτηματολόγια, ατομικές συνεντεύξεις, Byκαι Mr.παρατήρηση.

George-Sp.Έχει C. ATHANASOPOULOS συνεντεύξεις σε ομάδα, ομάδες εστίασης ένα πιο περιορισμένο Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, και έμμεσο ρόλο.

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Ενσωματωμένη γνώση (embedded knowledge): περιλαμβάνει τη Student of the School of Architecture παρατήρηση, ανάλυση, τεχνικές αντιστροφής, και εργαλεία μοντελοποίησης που Technicalκ.λ.

University of Crete προσδιορίζουν ότι η γνώση αποθηκεύεται σε προϊόντα, διαδικασίες

90

1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept 2.1. Ρητήthe Γνώση 1. Introductory approach: concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, theσυνήθως ancientDefining Greek philosopher, Η ρητή γνώση καταγράφεται, κωδικοποιείται και μερικές φορές ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: BC, Athens), among other he αναφορά left us, he established a great the ορίζεται ως η wise γνώσηheritage που κάνει στα γεγονότα(444 (Brown &370 Duguid, 1998). among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great “principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with the definition of the content of concepts. Επομένως, είναι αρκετά εύκολο να εντοπισθεί, αποθηκευτεί και ανακτηθεί (Wellman, acquisition of knowledge starts with the definition of the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term 2009).

1 (and Based, therefore, on this “principle” inindicated a first, ως if (in not final, approach, the term Πολλοί θεωρητικοί θεωρούν τη ρητή γνώση λιγότερο σημαντική (Brown urban gentrification) is the area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification & Duguid 1991; Cook&Brown 1999; Bukowitz & Williams 1999). Θεωρείται απλοϊκής Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Sociology as well), asνα the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, of (in various φύσης καιsocial δεν μπορεί περιέχει πλούσια εμπειρία της τεχνογνωσίας, ώστε να ways), of groups, usually ofτην low-income andthe theremoval placement artists, μπορεί να παράγει διαρκές ανταγωνιστικό πλεονέκτημα. ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of Η other ρητήofγνώση βρίσκεται σε: results βάσεις υπομνήματα, σημειώσεις, the operation art galleries, restaurants, etc.δεδομένων, However regardless whatever consequences has, also risingthis of “change”, land prices (and theof έγγραφα, κ.λ.

(Botha et al., 2008). whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to 2.2. Άρρητη The term gentrification found atpeople first Γνώση in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor Η γνώση αυτής της μορφής έχει οριστεί αρχικά από τον Polanyi το areas (1966).of the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are Μερικές φορές χαρακτηρίζεται ως η τεχνογνωσία (Brown & Duguid, London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimesKnow-how there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”.

1998) και αναφέρεται στην διαίσθηση. Με βάση την εμπειρία του είναι δύσκολο να being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon included in λόγο, the work of Sociologist Ruth καθορίσει κανείς τις γνώσεις που έχει.isΓια αυτό το η άρρητη γνώση συχνά A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major εξαρτάται από ένα ευρύτερο πλαίσιο και τον προσωπικό χαρακτήρα (Nonaka, 1994).

GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western by otherεπίσης Researchers. Η άρρητηcountries, γνώση θεωρείται ως η πιο πολύτιμη πηγή γνώσης, και το cities in Western countries, by other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for(Wellman, its more πιο πιθανό είναι να οδηγήσει σε σημαντικές ανακαλύψεις στον Οργανισμό Since then, the issue has several scholars andστην for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized below, from the 2009). Οι Blackwell&Gamble (2001), συνδέουν την έλλειψη εστίασης, άρρητη comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various γνώση, άμεσα με τη μειωμένη ικανότητα για καινοτομία και βιώσιμη interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: ανταγωνιστικότητα.

In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups Ο Polanyi (1966), αναφέρει επί του θέματος τα εξής to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: highχαρακτηριστικά: costs in money φανταστείτε να προσπαθεί κανείς να γράψει έναwhere άρθρο πουplace θα μεταφέρει με and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, work is, lack of the ακρίβεια το πώς μπορεί κάποιος να διαβάσει τις εκφράσεις του προσώπου ενός termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, άλλου ότι θα ήταν she σχεδόν αδύνατο ναcity”, μεταφέρω μια Berlin,ατόμου. where sheΕίναι madeπροφανές her first studies.

In 1932 published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the (possibly) Youth Unemployment.

The same year she left Germanyμετά and after movements διαισθητική κατανόηση από όσα συγκεντρώθηκαν από continuous τόσα χρόνια εμπειρίαςfor lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc. studies and research Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, και πρακτικής. ΣχεδόνGeneva, όλοι οι Επαγγελματίες βασίζονται σε αυτή τη μορφή where της in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and γνώσης. Έτσι π.χ. ένας IT (Information technology) ειδικός, θα αντιμετωπίσει ένα University College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public action and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying πρόβλημα μεcharacterized βάση την εμπειρία καιfor τηjustice. διαίσθησή του. Θα ήταν πολύ δύσκολο γι her work are by a passion See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling real estate, etc., for the depreciation initially of part of the urban web,να in 10th edit.

Wil. COLLINS SONS AND Co Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: 'αυτόν να κωδικοποιήσει τις γνώσεις του σε ένα έγγραφο, που θα μπορούσε Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: Abstract. http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm aμεταφέρει variety of ways, in order to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually την τεχνογνωσία του σε έναν αρχάριο. Αυτός είναι ένας λόγος για τον

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns οποίο η εμπειρία εκτιμάται ιδιαίτερα σε ένα συγκεκριμένο πεδίο στην αγορά εργασίας.

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Η άρρητη γνώση Harvard βρίσκεται στο μυαλό των School ανθρώπων. Περιλαμβάνει University, Graduate of Design, Student, πολιτιστικές πεποιθήσεις, αξίες, στάσεις, νοητικά μοντέλα, κλπ., καθώς και

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect δεξιότητες, ικανότητες και τεχνογνωσία (Botha etStudent al., 2008). of the School of Architecture Technical University of Crete 2.3. Ενσωματωμένη γνώση Η Ενσωματωμένη γνώση αναφέρεται στη γνώση που είναι κλειδωμένη σε 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept διαδικασίες, προϊόντα, τον πολιτισμό, τις από μακρού(444 ακολουθούμενες ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC - 370 BC,πρακτικές, Athens), έργαANTISTHENIS, τέχνης, ή δομές the (Horvath 2000 ; Blackwell&Gamble, 2001). Η γνώση είναι ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the ενσωματωμένη είτε επίσημα, όπως μέσω μιας πρωτοβουλίας διαχείρισης για την among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the αναγνώριση και γενίκευση χρήσης κάποιας ωφέλιμης of συνήθειας ή ανεπίσημα όπου ο acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, ifάλλα not final, approach, the term Οργανισμός την χρησιμοποιεί και την εφαρμόζει στα δύο είδη γνώσης.

1

Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term (and urban gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Sociology as well), the “refining” of a και city οι area, the this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and theremoval placement there 3.as Διαχείριση γνώσης μεταβλητές τηςfrom ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, also rising of land prices (and theof 3.1. Έννοια τηςresults Διαχείρισης Γνώσης whatever otherspeculation). consequences has,ναresults also land prices (andτης the potential Ηrelative Διαχείριση Γνώσης μπορεί οριστεί, ότιrising είναι ηofδιαδικασία βάσει potential relative οποίας ό, τι speculation). χρειάζεται για ναatαξιοποιήσει Οργανισμός στο έπακρο τους The γίνεται term gentrification is found first in the ένας UK in early 1960s and it refers to Theτης term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refers πόρους γνώσης(Fernandez, Conzalez & Sabherwal, 2004). Αυτό που χρειάζεται να the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor ofto the then observed wealthy people to there buy property in poor areas αναφερθεί είναι them, μια trend ποικιλία πιθανώνsometimes δραστηριοτήτων που στη London, upgrade stay of themselves and thusσυμμετέχουν old residents areof Διαχείριση Γνώσης και οι διαδικασίες αυτές σε γενικές γραμμές προορίζονται για να: London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. α. ανακαλύψουν νέες γνώσεις, being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth β.atκαταγράψουν τιςphenomenon υπάρχουσες, A description ofperiod, this is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS the same while similar in other major γ. at μοιράζονται τις γνώσεις τους με τους άλλους και GLASS the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. εφαρμόσουν τις γνώσεις τουςResearchers.

(Davenport & Prusak, 2000). cities inδ.Western countries, bypreoccupied other Since then, the issue has several scholars and forσυστήματα its more Η εφαρμογή της γνώσης θα πρέπει several να υποστηρίζεται από for Since then, the issue has preoccupied scholars and its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various Διαχείρισης Γνώσηςapproach και πρέπειare να being γίνει ενσωμάτωση των νέωνfrom τεχνολογιών και comprehensive summarized below, the various interpretations the phenomenon the following: μηχανισμών πουofέχουν αναπτυχθεί of γιαgentrification, να υποστηρίξουν τις παραπάνω τέσσερις interpretations the phenomenon of thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is due togentrification, a trend ofWilkesmann a new of social2007). groups διαδικασίες Διαχείρισης της Γνώσης (Wilkesmann, & Virgillito, Ο to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money Zaim et al. υποστήριξε ότι η τεχνολογία επηρεάζει τη διαδικασία της Διαχείρισης της and timeκαι to travel from the purlieus work place lack of the Γνώσης ο Οργανισμός πρέπει to ναdowntown, αξιολογεί where την απόδοση του is,συστήματος 1.of The term from2001).

Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth GLASS for wasbetter born sense safety atcomes the(Zack, distributed residencies outside town έχει centres, search Διαχείρισης Γνώσης Η Διαχείριση της Γνώσης ήδη αναγνωριστεί ωςin Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: σημαντικός παράγοντας για την ανταγωνιστικότητα μιας επιχείρησης. Ένα από τα services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for πλεονεκτήματα έχει είναι η from επιτάχυνση διαδικασίας πρόσβασης στην lower living costπου of, in “withdrawal” private car access markets, etc. studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and της Neweasier York she came to back to London, where επιθυμητή γνώση. Επίσης, βοηθά τουςthe Διαχειριστές λάβουν σωστές αποφάσεις, in According 1943 she published studies regarding city planning. να In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, phenomenon is due a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public action and παρέχοντάς τους όλες τις γνώσεις για τα πραγματικά προβλήματα, βασιζόμενοι ίσως long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her στο workαξίωμα are characterized by a passion for justice.

See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. και ότι «οetc., manager τα πράγματα σωστά, ενώ ο urban Διαχειριστής and selling realCOLLINS estate, for theCoκάνει depreciation initially of part of the web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: τα σωστά πράγματα».

Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: Abstract. http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a(Ηγέτης) varietyκάνει of ways, in order to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

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Σχήμα1: GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Επεκτεταμένη Πυραμίδα Διαχείρισης Γνώσης Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns Tacit Understanding

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student,

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Student of the School of Architecture Technical University of Crete Explicit

92

1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept Πηγή: Jean-Baptiste P.L. Faucher, André Everett, Rob Lawson, (2008) 1. Introductory approach: Defining the M. concept ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BCManagement, - 370 BC, Athens), "Reconstituting knowledge management", Journal of Knowledge Vol. 12 ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the Iss: 3, pp.3 – 16 among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term urban gentrification) is Οργανωσιακή indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification (and Διαχείριση Γνώσης και μάθηση 13.2. gentrification (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or Sociology well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from (in various Ο as αρχαίος Έλληνας φιλόσοφος Αντισθένης, διετύπωσε το this, αξίωμα: «αρχή Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), social groups, usuallyΑκολουθώντας of low-incomeαυτό and the there of artists, σοφίαςofονομάτων επίσκεψις». το placement αξίωμα επιχειρείται εδώ η ways), of social groups, usually ofτης low-income thethis placement there of artists, the operation art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”, regardless of οριοθέτηση τηςofέννοιας Διαχείριση Γνώσης. Ωςand εισαγωγικό βήμα είναι χρήσιμο να the operation ofconsequences artμεταξύ galleries, etc.also However regardless whatever other has, results risingthis of “change”, land prices (and theof γίνει μια διάκριση τωνrestaurants, ακατέργαστων πληροφοριών (δεδομένα) και των whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also Οι rising of land prices (and the γνώσεων (Edwards, 1994, Αθανασόπουλος, 2010). ακατέργαστες πληροφορίες potential relative potential relative speculation). μπορεί είναι ευρέως διαθέσιμες έναν in μεγάλο αριθμό από Οργανισμούς, αλλά The να term gentrification is foundσε at first the UK in early 1960s and it refers to The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersσε μόνοthen ορισμένοι Οργανισμοί είναι σε θέσηinνα τιςinπληροφορίες the observed trend ofθα toμετατρέψουν buy property poor ofto σχετικές γνώσεις και trend ναstay χρησιμοποιήσουν αυτή to τηthere γνώση ναold επιτύχουν τους the then observed of wealthy sometimes people buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, themselves andγια thus residents areof στόχους τους.

London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. Οι μέθοδοι με τις οποίες πραγματοποιείται η μετατροπή των πληροφοριών being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth σε σχετικές γνώσειςofείναι Στρατηγικές Διαχείρισης A description this γνωστές phenomenon is situations includedτης inwere the work of Γνώσης.

Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same period, while ως similar recorded in otherΣχετικά major μεGLASS τη Διαχείριση Γνώσης στον τομέα των επιχειρήσεων, γίνεται διάκριση μεταξύmajor της at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. πρώτης και της δεύτερης γενιάς Στρατηγικών Διαχείρισης Γνώσης. Ενώ η πρώτη cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has several scholars and for itsγνώσης more γενιά επικεντρώθηκε στην συστηματοποίηση και τον έλεγχο της υπάρχουσας Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from και την ανταλλαγή γνώσεων μέσα σε έναν Οργανισμό, στον αντίποδα η δεύτερη γενιά comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, theπρος following: των Στρατηγικών Διαχείρισης Γνώσης έχει στραφεί την ενίσχυση των interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: In a sense, is due a trend of aκαινοτομίας new category social groups συνθηκών γιαthe τηνphenomenon παραγωγή και τηνtoαξιοποίηση καιofτη δημιουργία to “return” to the 2000). city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money γνώσης (McElroy, and timeΟιto προκλήσεις travel from the to downtown, work place is, lack of the και purlieus τα πλεονεκτήματα τηςwhere Διαχείρισης Γνώσης, φυσικά, 1.of The term comes from Sociologist GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for was born in συνδέονται με at τις προκλήσεις και ταRuth πλεονεκτήματα της centres, οργανωσιακής μάθησης, sense safety the distributed residencies outside town better Berlin,στον whereτομέα she made her first studies.

In 1932 she τα published an important study entitled: καθώς της διεθνούς ανάπτυξης αυτά δύο σύνολα συχνά εξετάζονται services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for από κοινού. Όπως με τις δύο γενιές των Στρατηγικών της Διαχείρισης Γνώσης, η lower living cost of,και “withdrawal” from private access to markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came back to London, ικανότητα να μαθαίνει από προηγούμενες εμπειρίες μπορείin να in According 1943 sheτου published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning.

In 1950 she teacher the toΟργανισμού another approach, the is due tobecame a systematic and Universityσε College of London, where sheδεύτερης continued her social research.

HerΗ public and διαιρεθεί στρατηγικές και τάξης (Argyris, 1992). πρώτη σειρά long-term informal effortπρώτης by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers ofaction buying her work are characterized by «μονού a passionβρόχου for justice.

See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. στρατηγικών μεριμνά για μάθηση», με στόχο τη διόρθωση και and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

The Free των πρακτικών του Οργανισμού , ώστεWIKIPEDIA: να ταιριάζουν με Encyclopedia: τη συνήθη Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm aτροποποίηση variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

ακολουθούμενη πολιτική. Η δεύτερη σειρά στρατηγικών είναι αυτές του «διπλού 2521 11

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

βρόχου μάθησης». Στη περίπτωση αυτή τα δεδομένα, οι στόχοι και οι στρατηγικές του Οργανισμού παρακολουθούνται, αξιολογούνται και ελέγχονται. Οι Οργανισμοί οι οποίοι μαθαίνουν, υιοθετούν δημιουργική προσέγγιση στο άγνωστο, και με τον τρόπο αυτό εξασφαλίζουν την ενασχόληση όλων των εργαζομένων σε όλα τα επίπεδα και τους προτρέπουν να χρησιμοποιήσουν την ευφυΐα τους και τα ιδιαίτερα χαρακτηριστικά της προσωπικότητάς τους. Είναι απαραίτητο και απαιτείται να έχουν όλοι ικανότητες ανώτερου επιπέδου και όχι μονό αυτοί που βρίσκονται στην ηγεσία.

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Προς αυτή τη κατεύθυνση πραγματοποιείται αλλαγή αυτή μεStudent, εύκολα Harvard University, GraduateηSchool of Design, εργαλεία και μεθόδους. Πρέπει να γίνειBy κτήμα όλων ότι πρόκειται για επαγγελματική Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect κουλτούρα και όχι ένα εφήμερο πρόγραμμα αλλαγής διαδικασιών.

(Dess & Picken, Student of the School of Architecture 1999) Technical University of Crete

4. Εξέταση Διαχείρισης σε έναν Οργανισμό 1. Introductory approach: DefiningΓνώσης the concept 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept Η Διαχείριση Γνώσης αρχικά αναπτύχθηκε ναBC ανταποκριθεί σε δύο ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher,για (444 - 370 BC, Athens), δύσκολες προκλήσεις που έχουν προσδιοριστεί από τις μεγάλες επιχειρήσεις, που ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the αναζητούν ένα ανταγωνιστικό πλεονέκτημα σε μια διευρυνόμενη και υψηλής among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the πληροφόρησης αγορά. Η πρώτη είχεthe ωςdefinition στόχο ηofεπιχείρηση να λειτουργήσει acquisition of knowledge starts with the content of concepts.

Based,και therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term καλύτερα με βάση πληροφορίες, που ήταν αδόμητες θεσπίζοντας τρόπους τόσο 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of πληροφοριών.

Planning) (or gentrification άντλησης νέων (and πληροφοριών, όσο και διατήρησης καταγεγραμμένων 1 gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom areathis, ofεπιχειρησιακά Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the of aαπαντήσεων cityisarea, theσε removal (in various Η άλλη πρόκληση ήταν η“refining” αναζήτηση συνηθισμένα Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social usually of low-income and the there of artists, ερωτήματα που groups, αυξάνονταν συνεχώς, ως απόρροια όλοplacement και πιο πολύπλοκων και ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, However this “change”, regardless of γρήγορα μεταβαλλόμενων απαιτήσεων, στοetc. πλαίσιο τηςthe ασκούμενης δραστηριότητας the operation of2002). art galleries, restaurants, etc.also However regardless whatever other consequences has, results risingthis of “change”, land prices (and theof (Figallo & Rhine, whatever other consequences has, results also του rising of landτης prices (and με the Αυτή η προσέγγιση ονομάζεται διαδρομή «σκοπού γνώσης», potential relative speculation). potential relative speculation). στόχο συλλογή βασικών δεδομένων διαμόρφωση τρόπων Theτηterm gentrification is found at και firstτην in the UK in early 1960sπου andκαθορίζουν it refers to The term gentrification found atpeople first the UK in earlyτην 1960s and itareas refers και κατευθύνουν τονtrend Οργανισμό στο πώς θα in προχωρήσει προς Ξεκινά the then observed ofiswealthy to buy property inεπιτυχία. poor ofto the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas με τη συλλογή δεδομένων, την αποθήκευση και τη διαχείριση τους και αξιοποιεί τις London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof ικανότητες αναζήτησης των διάφορων ροών από τους London, upgrade them,και stayανάλυσης themselves sometimes there andδεδομένων thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. οικονομολόγους που σχετίζονται με την αγορά, την παραγωγή, τις πωλήσεις, το being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth μάρκετινγκ και same το ανθρώπινο δυναμικό (Figallo & Rhine, 2002).

A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the while similar recorded in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers.

4.1. Ανάπτυξη καιcountries, ο ρόλος του ανθρώπινου δυναμικού στη Διαχείριση Γνώσης cities in Western bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has several scholars and περισσότερες for its more Το πιο σημαντικό ανταγωνιστικό πλεονέκτημα για τις Since then, the issue has preoccupied several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach are being summarized from επιχειρήσεις είναι οι δεξιότητες, η being τεχνογνωσία και η εμπειρία του ανθρώπινου comprehensive approach are summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, following: σκοπεύοντας δυναμικού που διαθέτουν (Αθανασόπουλος, 2007). Έτσιthe οι εργαζόμενοι interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: a sense, the phenomenon is dueαπολαβών to a trendπρέπει of a newναcategory of social groups καιInστην απόκτηση περισσότερων επιδιώκουν διατήρηση, to “return” to the leavingτων the γνώσεων purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money χρησιμοποίηση καιcity, μεταφορά τους στην επιχείρηση (Murphy & Verma, and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the 2008). termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth GLASS με was born in sense1.ofThe safety the στο distributed residencies outside townπαίζει centres, for better Ο άνθρωπος πλαίσιο της Διαχείρισης Γνώσης σε search σχέση άλλους Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: παράγοντες όπως π.χ. η τεχνολογία, το κεντρικότερο ρόλο για την city”, αναγνώριση, τη services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for δημιουργία, την εξοικονόμηση, τη διάρθρωση, τη μεταφορά και την αξιολόγηση των lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc. studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back to London, where γνώσεων. Ωςpublished εκ η διοίκηση των εργαζομένων σημαντικός παράγοντας in According 1943 she studies regarding city planning. Inείναι 1950 sheto became teacher in the toτούτου another approach, the phenomenon is due a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public action and σε έναν Οργανισμό. Αν ο ανθρώπινος παράγοντας σε έναν Οργανισμό δε θεωρηθεί long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work areστο characterized by aΣτρατηγικής passion for justice.

See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. σημαντικός πλαίσιο της της Διαχείρισης θα urban απαξιωθεί and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially ofΓνώσης, part of the web,με in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: συνέπεια η επιτυχία κάθε πρωτοβουλίας της Διαχείρισης Γνώσης να διακυβεύεται G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

(Richter, 2008). Το κλειδί για την ενδυνάμωση του ανθρώπινου δυναμικού ενός Οργανισμού είναι η αποτελεσματική ηγεσία. Ο ρόλος του ηγέτη της επιχείρησης είναι να δημιουργήσει ένα περιβάλλον όπου όλοι οι εργαζόμενοι μπορούν να αναπτύξουν τις ικανότητές τους, υλοποιώντας τους στόχους της. Οι πραγματικοί ηγέτες πρέπει να θεωρούν τους εαυτούς τους σαν εύκολα μεταβαλλόμενους ανθρώπινους πόρους που αναλαμβάνουν ρόλους εκπαιδευτών, δασκάλων, ακροατών, υποστηρικτών ανάλογα με τις ανάγκες των υφισταμένων τους και όχι ως διαχειριστών της εξουσίας. ΟιC.λέξεις που περιγράφουν

By Mr. George-Sp. ATHANASOPOULOS το ρόλο του ηγέτη, είναι η έμπνευση, η εμπιστοσύνη, η δέσμευση και το όραμα.

Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student,

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect 4.2. Μεταβλητές για τη διαχείριση γνώσης (μοντέλο SECI) Student of the School of Architecture Οι δυναμικές της δημιουργίας της γνώσης, η σημασία της άρρητης γνώσης Technical University of Crete και η μετατροπή της σε ρητή γνώση απετέλεσαν αντικείμενο διαφόρων Μελετών. Μία εξ αυτών, ιδιαίτερα σημαντική εκείνηthe των Nonaka και Takeuchi, The Knowledge 1. Introductory approach:είναι Defining concept 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept Creating Company. Η κεντρική ιδέα της, είναι ότι η δημιουργία στους ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC - της 370γνώσης BC, Athens), Οργανισμούς επιτυγχάνεται μέσω της μετατροπής της γνώσης: η υπάρχουσα γνώση ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the μετατρέπεται σε «νέα γνώση». Η βάση δημιουργίας της “principle”: γνώσης στους among other wise heritage left us,definition heτης established a great acquisition of knowledge startshe with the of the content of concepts. the Οργανισμούς είναι η μετατροπή της σε άρρητη γνώση και το αντίθετο. Οι acquisition of knowledge starts withρητής theindefinition of the content of concepts.

Based, on this “principle” aκαι first, ifάρρητη not final, approach, the term Nonaka καιtherefore, Takeuchi δε θεωρούν τη ρητή την γνώση σαν αμοιβαίως 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term urban gentrification) is indicated the area (or gentrification αποκλειόμενες (and ως συμπληρωματικές οντότητες.(inΈνα από of ταPlanning) πιο γνωστά 1αλλά gentrification (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, removal from (in various μοντέλα στην κατεύθυνση της δημιουργίας καιtheαξιοποίησης τηςthis, γνώσης στις Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually ofτων low-income the placement there of artists, επιχειρήσεις είναι το μοντέλο SECI Nonaka &and Takeuchi (1995). Ένας Οργανισμός ways), of δημιουργεί social groups, usually of low-income and τη thethis placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”, regardless of μπορεί να και να αξιοποιεί την γνώση από συσχέτιση μεταξύ ρητής και the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other(Nonaka consequences has,Nonaka results&also rising1995). of land prices προτείνει (and theof άρρητης γνώσης 1991, 1994; Takeuchi, Ο Nonaka whatever other consequences has, results also rising of –land prices (and the ένα μοντέλο , το οποίο προβλέπει μια διαδικασία δημιουργίας παραγωγής γνώσης potential relative speculation). relative speculation). μεpotential τέσσερις τρόπους, και is τοfound οποίοatονομάζει ‘διαδικασία SECI’. Μέσω The term gentrification first in the UK in early 1960s and itαυτής refersτης to The term gentrification found first in the UK early 1960s and refersofto διαδικασίας συνεχούς παραγωγής καιatαξιοποίησης της in γνώσης, η in ρητή καιitareas άρρητη the then observed trend ofiswealthy people to buy property poor the then observed trend wealthyκαι people to there buy property in poor γνώση εξαπλώνονται, και σεof ποιότητα σε ποσότητα, από άτομο στηνareas ομάδα, London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes andτο thus old residents areof και στη συνέχεια σε ολόκληρη την επιχείρηση.

London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”.

Tacit

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being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth Σχήμα 1 A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major Μοντέλο SECI GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Tacit Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more Since then, the issue has preoccupied several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach are being summarized from Socialization Externalization comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new category of social groups to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding city planning.

In 1950 she became teacher in the to another approach, the phenomenon is due to a systematic and Combination Internalization University College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public action and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterizedExplicit by a passion for justice. See Explicit also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: Πηγή:Abstract. &the Τακεούτσι, 2001) G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order to(Νονάκα achieve “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

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ΔΙΕΥΚΡΙΝΗΣΕΙΣ: GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, 1. Κοινωνικοποίηση (Socialization): Αποτελεί το πρώτο στάδιο δημιουργίας γνώσης μέσα στηνTypes επιχείρηση.of Στοintervention, στάδιο της κοινωνικοποίησης Definition, Concerns of Gentrification δημιουργείται και διαμοιράζεται άρρητη γνώση που απεκτήθη μέσω άμεσης εμπειρίας από άτομο σε άτομο.

Concerns 2. Εξωτερίκευση (Externalization): Η εξωτερίκευση είναι το στάδιο στο

οποίο εκφράζεται η άρρητη γνώση μέσω διαλόγου και προβληματισμού. Αυτή η φάση πραγματοποιείται μεταξύ ατόμου και By ομάδας. Σε αυτό το C. στάδιο η άρρητη γνώση Mr. George-Sp. ATHANASOPOULOS γίνεται ρητή.

Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, 3. Συνδυασμός (Combination): Στο στάδιο του συνδυασμού

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect συστηματοποιείται και εφαρμόζεται η ρητή πλέον γνώση και πληροφορία. Η γνώση Student of the School of Architecture μεταφέρεται από την ομάδα σε ολόκληρο τον Οργανισμό. Technical University of Crete 4. Εσωτερίκευση (Internalization): Στο τελευταίο στάδιο της εσωτερίκευσης, αποκτάται νέαDefining άρρητη the γνώση μέσω πρακτικής. Η γνώση αυτή 1. Introductory approach: concept 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept μεταφέρεται από την επιχείρηση στο άτομο και έτσι αρχή ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher,δρομολογείται (444 BC - 370 από BC, την Athens), έναςANTISTHENIS, καινούργιος κύκλος. the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens),

among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great “principle”: the among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the 5. Συντελεστές σύνθεσηςstarts του στρατηγικού προσανατολισμού στη Διαχείριση acquisition of knowledge with theindefinition of the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if not final, approach, the term Γνώσης 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term (or gentrification (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), asΟρισμός the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various 5.1. Στρατηγικών Διαχείρισης Γνώσης Sociology as well), asΟρισμός the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), ofΘεωρητικός social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, However thisυψηλού “change”, regardless of Η στρατηγική Διαχείρισης Γνώσηςetc. ορίζεται ως ένα επιπέδου σχέδιο the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences results alsoταrising of land (and theof που περιγράφει και τονίζει τιςhas, διαδικασίες, εργαλεία καιprices τις υποδομές whatever other consequences has, results also of land prices (and the (οργανωτική και speculation). τεχνολογική) που απαιτούνται γιαrising τη διαχείριση των "κενών" potential relative potential speculation). γνώσεων ήrelative υπερβάσεων καιisνα επιτρέψει της in γνώσης αποτελεσματικά στις The term gentrification found at firstτη in ροή the UK early 1960s and it refers to The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto επιχειρήσεις (Zack, 2002). the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor the then observed trend of wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas Επιχειρησιακός Ορισμός London, upgrade them, stay themselves and thus old residents areof Εδώ απαντώνται δύο διαστάσεις του επίκεντρου της Στρατηγικής London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. Διαχείρισης Γνώσης: α) Η συστημική προσέγγιση και β) η ανθρωποκεντρική being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth προσέγγιση (Choi και Lee, A description ofperiod, this 2002). phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers.

5.2. Στρατηγική γνώσης καιResearchers. Στρατηγική Διαχείρισης γνώσης cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Since then, the issue has several scholars and for itsκαι more Η Στρατηγική Διαχείρισης Γνώσης μπορεί να ενσωματώσει να Since then, the issue has preoccupied several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach are being summarized from προσδιορίσει τις στρατηγικές κατευθύνσεις για τη διαχείριση των δραστηριοτήτων comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of Διαχείρισης gentrification, following: της γνώσης και των προϋποθέσεων της τηςthe Γνώσης (Chan & Chau, 2005). interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new category of social groups Η σωστή στρατηγική απόφαση για μια επιχείρηση είναι να βρεθεί η σωστή ισορροπία to “return” toκαι theεξωτερικών city, leavingγνώσεων the purlieus for several reasons: high costs καλύτερα in money εσωτερικών Διαχείρισης, που ανταποκρίνεται and to travel purlieus to(Bierly downtown, where work place is, lack of the στις time ανάγκες της ενfrom λόγωthe επιχείρησης. & Chakrabarti, 1996). Ωστόσο, υπάρχει 1.of The term from Sociologist GLASS, Ruth GLASS wasαφορά born in sense safety atcomes theκατανοήσεων distributed residencies outside town centres, search for better μια έλλειψη κοινών τηςRuth έννοιας της1912-1940. στρατηγικής, ιδίως όσον Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: την έννοια της γνώσης και της Διαχείρισης της Γνώσης. Ο Zackof (2002), υποστήριξε ότι services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for οιstudies όροι της Στρατηγικής Διαχείρισης Γνώσης και της Στρατηγικής Γνώσης είναι lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc. and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back to London, where διαφορετικές. ΗtoΣτρατηγική Γνώση ορίζεται ως μία ενσωματωμένη ανταγωνιστική in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning.

In 1950 sheto became teacher in the another approach, the is due a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public action and στρατηγική γύρω από τους "πνευματικούς πόρους" και τις δυνατότητες της long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized byΓνώσης a passion for justice.

See also: COLLINS DICTIONARY. επιχείρησης. Η Στρατηγική είναι προσανατολισμένη προςENGLISH την κατανόηση and selling real estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web,της in 10th edit. Wil. COLLINS SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: γνώσης που είναι πλέον στρατηγικής σημασίας και θα έχει τη μεγαλύτερη επίπτωση G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually στην απόδοση των επιχειρήσεων (Zack, 2002).

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

Αντίθετα, η Στρατηγική Διαχείρισης Γνώσης ορίζεται ως ένα υψηλού επιπέδου σχέδιο που περιγράφει τις διαδικασίες, τα εργαλεία και τις υποδομές (οργανωτική και τεχνολογική) που απαιτούνται για τη διαχείριση τυχόν κενών σε γνώσεις. Η γνώση της Στρατηγικής Διαχείρισης είναι το μέσο με το οποίο η ακριβής γνώση προσδιορίζεται από μια στρατηγική γνώσης και μπορεί να ρέει αποτελεσματικά σε επιχειρήσεις (Zack, 2002).

5.3. Ερευνητικά πεδία Στρατηγικής Διαχείρισης Γνώσης

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Για τις Στρατηγικές Διαχείρισης Γνώσης έχουν εντοπιστεί τρία ερευνητικά Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, πεδία (Zack, 1999b). Πρώτον, η γνώσηBy είναι μοναδική και πολύτιμη. Δεύτερον, πώς Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect τοποθετούνται οι πόροι και οι δυνατότητες Student υποστήριξης των προϊόντων της of the School of Architecture επιχείρησης σε σχέση με την θέση της στην αγορά. Το πεδίο αυτό ασχολείται με την Technical University of Crete έρευνα των πόρων με βάση τη θεωρία (Collins & Montgomery, 1995; Prahalad & Hamel, 1990) και οργανωτική 1996; Teece, Pisano, &Shuen, 1997).

1. Introductory approach:ικανότητα Defining (Grant, the concept 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept Τρίτον, η πραγματική πρόκληση έγκειται στην εύρεση μεταξύ της ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444της BC σχέσης - 370 BC, Athens), Στρατηγικής Διαχείρισης Γνώσης και των διαδικασιών της.

ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the εφαρμογή των διαδικασιών Διαχείρισης της Γνώσης και“principle”: οι Στρατηγικές amongΗother wise heritage leftthe us, he established a great acquisition of knowledge startshe with definition of the content of concepts. the Διαχείρισης Γνώσης αποτελούν ακρογωνιαίο λίθο για τη βελτίωση εταιρικής acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition of the content ofτης concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, ifοι not final, approach, the term απόδοσης. Είναι σημαντικό να προσδιοριστούν κατάλληλες γνώσεις των 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term (andαποτελούν urban gentrification) indicated (in theδυνατότητες area of Planning) (or gentrification διαδικασιών που μοναδικές isκαι πολύτιμες για την 1 gentrification (and urban gentrification) isarea, indicated (in the2001; areathis, ofZack, Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city the&removal (in 1999b). various αποτελεσματική διαχείριση της γνώσης (Holsapple Singh, from Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), ofηsocial groups, usually of γνώσης low-income the επιχείρηση placement there artists, Ωστόσο, εφαρμογή διαδικασιών μέσαand σε μια μπορείofνα είναι ways), of social groups, usually of low-income thethis placement of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”, regardless of πολύ δαπανηρή και ενίοτε ευάλωτη (Soliman & and Spooner, 2000). Ως there εκ τούτου, οι the operation ofconsequences artθα galleries, etc.also However “change”, regardless whatever other results rising of land prices (and theof διαδικασίες γνώσεις πρέπειrestaurants, ναhas, καθοδηγούνται από τιςthis κατάλληλες στρατηγικές whatever consequences has, Γνώσης results also of landέχουν prices (and the γνώσεων. Οιother Στρατηγικές Διαχείρισης στις rising επιχειρήσεις σημαντική potential relative speculation). potential relative speculation). επίδραση στις διαδικασίες διαχείρισης (Zack, 1999a). Προγενέστερες The term gentrification is found at firstγνώσης in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to The term gentrification found atpeople firstδυσκολίες in the UKστην in early 1960s andαυτής itareas refers προσεγγίσεις του θέματος εμφάνισαν αποσαφήνιση της the then observed trendαυτού ofiswealthy to buy property in poor ofto the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas σχέσης επίδρασης. Κατά την πρόσφατη όμως περίοδο, μελέτες αποτυγχάνουν να London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof ενσωματώσουν τα δυναμικά των Στρατηγικών Διαχείρισης Γνώσης London, upgrade them, stayχαρακτηριστικά themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”.

(Hansenetal., 1999; Jordan & Jones, 1997). Επειδή η φύση της γνώσης ποικίλει being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth ανάλογα μεthe τις διαδικασίες της γνώσης, τιςisπεριοχές το χρόνο (Wiig, Hoog, καιmajor Spek, A description ofperiod, this phenomenon includedήin the work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at same while similar situations were recorded in other 1997), οιatστρατηγικές διαχείρισης της situations γνώσης πρέπει να ανταποκρίνονται GLASS the same period, while similar were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. αποτελεσματικά σεcountries, αυτά τα ετερόκλητα δεδομένα. cities in Western by other Researchers.

96

Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more Since then, the issue has several scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized from 5.4. Συστημική και Ανθρωποκεντρική προσέγγισηbelow, Διαχείρισης Γνώσης comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of και gentrification, the following: ότι υπάρχουν Πολλοί ερευνητές όπως οι Choi Lee, το 2002, υποστηρίζουν interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: a sense, the due to a trend of a ηnew categoryπροσέγγιση of social groups δύοInδιαστάσεις τηςphenomenon Στρατηγικής is Διαχείρισης Γνώσης: Συστημική και η to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money Ανθρωποκεντρική προσέγγιση. Η Συστημική προσέγγιση αναδεικνύει τη and time to travel γνώση from theστον purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the κωδικοποιημένη τομέα των διαδικασιών διαχείρισης γνώσης, 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth 1912-1940.

GLASSμέσω wasbetter born sense safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, search for επικεντρώνεται στην κωδικοποίηση καιGLASS, αποθήκευση τηςRuth γνώσης τηςin Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: τεχνολογίας της πληροφορικής, και προσπαθεί“at επίσημα να διαχέει αυτή (possibly) τη γνώση services of health, education, entertainment the heart of the city”, Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for (Choi και Lee, 2002). Αντίθετα, η Ανθρωποκεντρική προσέγγιση τονίζει το διάλογο lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, μέσω των κοινωνικών δικτύων και των διαπροσωπικών επικεντρώνεται in According 1943 she published studies regarding city planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the phenomenon is επαφών, due a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public action and στην απόκτηση γνώσεων μέσα από έμπειρα και εξειδικευμένα άτομα, και προσπαθεί long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice.

See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. να «διανείμει» τις γνώσεις ανεπίσημα (Choi και Lee, 2002). and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Πίνακας 1Graduate School of Design, Student, Harvard University,

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Χαρακτηριστικά Συστημικής και Ανθρωποκεντρικής προσέγγισης Διαχείρισης Student of the School of Architecture Γνώσης Technical University of Crete

1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept Συστημική Προσέγγιση

1. Introductory approach: the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, Τονίζει τη κωδικοποιημένη γνώση στον τομέα των διαχείρισης ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a διαδικασιών great the γνώσης among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the Επικεντρώνεται κωδικοποίηση αποθήκευση της γνώσης μέσω της acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on στην this “principle” aκαι first, if of not final, approach, the term τεχνολογίας της πληροφορικής 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and Προσπαθεί επίσημα να διαχέει αυτή τη γνώση (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification urban gentrification) is indicated Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement Ανθρωποκεντρική Προσέγγιση ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless of whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the Υποδεικνύει το διάλογο μέσω των κοινωνικών δικτύων και των whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative διαπροσωπικών επαφών potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first inγνώσεων the UK in early it refersκαι to Επικεντρώνεται στην απόκτηση μέσα 1960s από and έμπειρα The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor εξειδικευμένα άτομα the then observed trend wealthy people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old residents areof Προσπαθεί να διαχέει τις γνώσειςsometimes ανεπίσημα London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth A description ofperiod, this2002) phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the(Choi&Lee, same while similar in other major Πηγή: GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more Since then,5.5. the issue has preoccupied several below, scholars andthe for various its more Οπτικές Στρατηγικών Διαχείρισης Γνώσης comprehensive approach are being summarized from comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various Οι Byounggu & Heesok (2002), αναφέρουν τις παρακάτω τρείς οπτικές interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: στρατηγικών Διαχείρισης Γνώσης: In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new category of social groups Πρώτη οπτική, που υποστηρίζει ότι οι to “return” to theαναφέρεται city, leavingηtheισορροπημένη purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money Οργανισμοί πρέπει να πετυχαίνουν μια ισορροπία μεταξύ των δύο προαναφερόμενων and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the στρατηγικών.

1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Δεύτερη δυναμική οπτική, υποστηρίζει ότι οι study Οργανισμοί Berlin, where sheεμφανίζεται made her firstη studies.

In 1932 sheπου published an important entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment.

The same year she left Germany and after τους continuous πρέπει να ευθυγραμμίζουν τις προαναφερθείσες στρατηγικές με τα movements πραγματικάfor lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back to London, χαρακτηριστικά της γνώσης που κατέχουν. in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and Τρίτη εμφανίζεται, ηwhere εστιασμένη οπτική,her που υποστηρίζει ότι public οι Οργανισμοί University College of London, she continued social research.

Her action and long-term informal σε effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying πρέπει ναare εστιάζουν μίαbyμόνο στρατηγική απόSee τις προαναφερθείσες. her work characterized a passion for justice. also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, KENTPO EPEYNA™ Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification ¶EPIºEPEIAKH™ ANA¶TY•H™ «IÂÚÒÓ˘ÌÔ˜ ¢. ¶INTO™ Concerns Î·È AÓ·ÛÙ·Û›· IÂÚ. ¶INTOY»

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University, Graduate Aνάπτυ�ης, School of Design, Student, Mε σκ�π� την πρ�ώθηση της Iδέας της Περι�ερειακής (Oικ�ν�µικής, By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect K�ινωνικής και Π�λιτιστικής), έ�ει συσταθεί σήµερα στην Aθήνα απ� Oµάδα KαθηγηStudent of the School of Architecture τών Πανεπιστηµίων και Eιδικών Eπιστηµ�νων τ� Kέντρ� Έρευνας Περι�ερειακής AνάTechnical University of Crete πτυ�ης «Iερώνυµ�ς ∆. ΠINTOΣ και Aναστασία Iερων. ΠINTOY» (αστ. µη κερδ�σκ. εταιρ.), ως �υσιαστικ�ς διάδ���ς,Defining (κατ’ επιθυµία της αειµνήστ�υ Aναστασίας Iερων.

1. Introductory approach: the concept 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept ΠINTOY), τ�υ Kέντρ�υ Έρευνας Περι�ερειακής Aνάπτυ�ης ∆. ΠINTOΣ, συANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 Iερών.

BC - 370 BC, Athens), σταθέντ�ς εν Aθήναις την 28η Aυγ�ύστ�υ 1986.

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Based,Iερώνυµ�ς therefore, this “principle” a 5/8/1981, first, if of not approach, term 1 (and σ�ιδές κ�ινωνικ�, �ιλανθρωπικ� και π�λιτιστικ� τ�υ Aναστασία Based, therefore, on this “principle” inindicated aέργ� first,της if Σύ�υγ�ς notthe final, approach, theαπεterm urban gentrification) is (in area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or �ίωσε την 14/4/2009. gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, removal from this, (inartists, various Mετα�ύ των σκ�πών τ�υ Kέντρ�υ συγκαταλέγ�νται �ι ε�ής, εντ�ς πνεύµατ�ς ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theκαι placement there of ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, πάντ�τε παραγωγής επ’ αγαθώ της Eπιστήµης και τηςthis K�ινωνίας: the operation of artέργ�υ galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless H συµ��λή στηνconsequences πρ�αγωγή της Eπιστήµης και also της Iδέας τηςof Περι�ερειακής Aνάπτυwhatever other has, results rising land prices (and theof whatever other consequences has, results also rising ofAνάπτυ�ης land prices (and the �ης εν γένει,relative δι’ �ί�υspeculation). δήπ�τε ν�µίµ�υ τρ�π�υ, της Περι�ερειακής ν��υµένης potential relative speculation). ωςpotential Oικ�ν�µικής, K�ινωνικής, Π�λιτιστικής.

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H έκδ�ση Eρευνών, Περι�δικών, Eντύπων εν γένει, η παραγωγή σ�ετικ�ύ cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

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1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, H παρ��ή επίfirst θεµάτων Aνάπτυ�ης πρ�ς �ί�ν δήπ�τε Berlin, whereυπηρεσιών she made her studies.Περι�ερειακής In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment.

The same year she left Germany after continuous movements του Eνδια�ερ�µεν�, �άσει ειδικών συµ�ωνιών, µερίµνει τ�υand ∆ι�ικητικ�ύ Συµ��υλί�υ της ε-for lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back to London, ταιρείας κ.ά. κέντρου κ.ά in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and ∆ιεύθυνση: Ίµ�ρ�υ 6, 112 57 Aθήναι, τηλ.: 2108647120, 6944626140, fax:public 2108658868.

University College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her action and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by a passion justice. See also: Aθήναι,for 5 Aυγ�ύστ�υ 2009COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

The Free Encyclopedia: Eπιστηµ�νικ�ς Yπεύθυν�ς τ�υWIKIPEDIA: Kέντρ�υ G. ALEXANDRI: Abstract. http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in O order to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually Kαθηγητής Kωνσταντίν�ς ΓE. AΘANAΣOΠOYΛOΣ 98 2521 11 10 24

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

regarding that matter και ever),μη andεκπιπτόμενες Laws 2218/1994 and 2240/1994, which were Εκπιπτόμενες επιχειρηματικές effective since January 1, 1995.του ΚΦΕ Ν. 4172 /2013 δαπάνες Prevision for operation at First Grade Local Government level of Committees with responsibilities established for the first time such as, among others, Τηςbody Δροςfor Νικολ. ΡΑΠΤΗ Committee for Quality of Life, (decisive and initiator exercise of the Ειδ. Επιθ. στο Γενικό Επιθεωρητή related with quality of life, zoning, urban planning and environmental protection, competences of municipality with more than 10.000 inhabitants) and Consultation Δημόσιας Διοίκησης

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Committee (as a body with advisory powers on matters of Development Programmes, Action Programmes of the Municipality, etc.).

Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, Ο Κώδικας Φορολογίας Εισοδήματος (ν. 4172/2013) καθιερώνει νέους

By Mr.ofGeorge-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Regarding the under research matter every type intervention at Architect city level κανόνες για την έκπτωση από τα ακαθάριστα έσοδα των επιχειρηματικών Student the School concisely of Architecture with several Programmes, etc, here areofmentioned the δαπανών για Restoration τους ασκούντες επιχειρηματική δραστηριότητα είτε είναι φυσικά Technical University of Crete responsibilities of the new Decentralized Administrations and new Regions and to πρόσωπα, είτε είναι νομικά πρόσωπα ή νομικές οντότητες. Ειδικότερα: α) με τις a greater extent the (new) Local Government of first grade. Decentralized διατάξεις του άρθρου 22 τίθεται ο γενικός κανόνας για την έκπτωση των 1. Introductory the concept Administrations asapproach: successorDefining of Government Regions have among others the επιχειρηματικών δαπανών με την έννοια κατ' αρχήν εκπίπτουν όλες οι 1. Introductory approach: the ότι concept following responsibilities: ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), δαπάνες που πραγματοποιούνται προς το συμφέρον της επιχείρησης και ANTISTHENIS, thedirect ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370ofBC, Athens), Recommending for of land or (444 assignment communal among other wise heritage hesale left us,public he established a great the επιπροσθέτως πληρούν τα λοιπά κριτήρια που τίθενται στο άρθρο αυτό. Το εν among other wise heritage left us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the municipal or landshe for establishment orthe expansion industrial and acquisition of community knowledge starts with the of content concepts. λόγω άρθρο πρέπει να εξετάζεται συστηματικά με το άρθρο 23 που αφορά τις μη manufacturing installations.This provision does not specify whether lands are acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content ofsuch concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term εκπιπτόμενες δαπάνες και 4approach, του άρθρου 48 1 επιχειρηματικές within or outside cities.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” inindicated aτην first,παράγραφο if (in notthe final, the term (and urban gentrification) is area of Planning) (or gentrification σχετικά με τις μη εκπιπτόμενες επιχειρηματικές δαπάνες που αφορούν τα 1 Award as monitoring and oversight as the well as approvement of gentrification (and urban gentrification) isarea, indicated (in area of Planning) (or Sociology well), as the “refining” ofofa the cityelaboration, the το removal from this, (in various ενδοομιλικά μερίσματα που απαλλάσσονται από φόρο. Κατά συνέπεια, ο Studies, General Urban planning projects, and Plans for territorial and housing Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), ofπου social groups, είναι usually of low-income and theτα placement there of artists, κανόνας εισάγεται ότι όποια δαπάνη πληροί κριτήρια του άρθρου 22 organization of Open City (Law 2508/1997, 2539/1997). ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement there of artists, the operation ofδεν art galleries, restaurants, etc.Law However “change”, regardless of και συγχρόνως εμπίπτει κατάλογο των μη εκπιπτόμενων Assignment ofartplot land στον of theπεριοριστικό Port Land Zone for the construction of the the operation of galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless of whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the δαπανών του“docker’s άρθρου 23 εκπίπτει, β) με τις διατάξεις του άρθρου 22Α, το οποίο buildings for roof”. whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative προστέθηκε με την παράγραφο 8 του άρθρου 22 του regarding ν. 4223/2013, ο Specialization of general guidelines and directives issuesορίζεται of Urban potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the early 1960s and itwithin refers to τρόπος έκπτωσης των δαπανών επιστημονικής καιinτεχνολογικής έρευνας που Planning, Urban Affairs and Housing as well asUK Building Regulations the The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the observed ofiswealthy to buy property in poor areathen of their territorial jurisdiction. πραγματοποιούν οι trend επιχειρήσεις, και γ) με τις διατάξεις του άρθρου 23 ορίζονται the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas of London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes thereregarding and thus old residents Monitoring, and expression of opinion programs ofare the περιοριστικά οιcoordination κατηγορίες δαπανών που δεν εκπίπτουν. Οι μη εκπιπτόμενες London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”.

General Urban Plans of areaσεofαυτές their που jurisdiction. δαπάνες διακρίνονται σεthe δύοterritorial κατηγορίες, λόγω του είδους τους δεν being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in work of Sociologist Ruth Approval of amendments of previously approved town planning, uses and εκπίπτουν χωρίς να απαιτείται η συνδρομή άλλου the όρου ή προϋπόθεσης και σε A description ofperiod, this phenomenon isthe included inwere the work ofofSociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar situations recorded in other major conditions for their building in OT on main road network prefectures of αυτές που δεν εκπίπτουν μόνον κατά το μέτρο που υπερβαίνουν το τιθέμενο στο GLASS atThessaloniki. the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers.

1 Attica and άρθρο αυτό αριθμητικό όριο .

To be continued... cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more Since then, the issue has preoccupied several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach areetc being summarized from Α. Ζημία που προκύπτει σε βάρος επιχείρησης λόγω εκχώρησης International Organizations, Bodies,are level. comprehensive approach being summarized below, from the various interpretations of theinternational phenomenon of gentrification, thesubject, following: απαιτήσεών της Among the recent activities regarding the here are mentioned interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: In aΜε sense, phenomenon is due to a trend of a new category for ofΟικονομικών, social indicatively the Seventh Conference of European Ministers responsible issues groups of Local τηνthe ΠΟΛ.

1113/2015 εγκύκλιο του Υπουργείου Organization October 1986 The eighth Conference European Ministers, to “return” to(8-10 the thea.D.). purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money διευκρινίστηκε ότιcity, με leaving τις διατάξεις του άρθρου 22 τίθεται οofγενικός κανόνας για Responsible for Local Government at kong of Ireland (14-15 September 1988a.D.), the elaboration and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the την έκπτωση των επιχειρηματικών δαπανών, με την έννοια ότι κατ' αρχήν of a “special charter” for Local Government by Council of Europe (October the 15th 1985 a.D.) 1.of The term comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth GLASS wasbetter born in sense safety at the distributed residencies outside town centres, search for εκπίπτουν όλες οι δαπάνες που πραγματοποιούνται προς το συμφέρον της The European Charter for Local Autonomy of Council of Europe has been ratified so far by 22 Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, countries,of was signed by another 7, while it has not τα been ratified and has not signed by(possibly) other 9. επιχείρησης και επιπροσθέτως πληρούν λοιπά κριτήρια που τίθενται στο Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for Theliving countries that have not signed the Charter are: 1. Albania.

2.

Andorra.

3. Czech Republic. lower costμε of,την “withdrawal” from private access to markets, etc.where άρθρο αυτό, επιφύλαξη των διατάξεων άρθρου και της studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier Yorkτου she came back to23 London, 4.inIreland.

5. Latvia.

6. Lithuania.

7.

Moldova.city 8. San Marino.In9.1950 Switzerland 1943 she published studies regarding planning. she became teacher in the According to another approach, the phenomenon is due to a systematic and παραγράφου 4 του άρθρου 48, αναφορικά με τις δαπάνες που κατά ρητή Greece has already ratified the Charter, based on paragraph 1research. of Article 28 ofpublic the Constitution University College of London, where she continued her social Her action and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers ofprovisions buying with that the country not undertake theSee responsibility to be ENGLISH bound by the herprejudice, work are characterized bydoes a passion for justice. also: COLLINS DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of(prerequisites part of the urban web, inof of10th Article 5 (protection of the territorial limits of L.G.Os.), 7 WIKIPEDIA: par.2 for exercise edit.

Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

The Free Encyclopedia: local level par. 2 (administrative control of L.G.O. acts), etc., (L. 1850/10.5.1989).

Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: Abstract. http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm acompetences variety ofatways, in 8order to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually 1 See otherΠηγή: itemshttp://www.taxheaven.gr. in: Const. GE. ATHANASOPOULOS: op. c., Volume II, p. 144 et seq.

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

100

διατύπωση του νόμου δεν εκπίπτουν από τα ακαθάριστα έσοδα των επιχειρήσεων. Με την ίδια παραπάνω εγκύκλιο διευκρινίστηκε επίσης, ότι η ζημία η οποία προκύπτει σε βάρος επιχείρησης λόγω εκχώρησης απαιτήσεών της σε εταιρεία πρακτορείας επιχειρηματικών απαιτήσεων, του ν. 1905/1990 (τράπεζα ή ανώνυμη εταιρεία) ή σε αλλοδαπή εταιρεία η οποία λειτουργεί νόμιμα στην αλλοδαπή ή στην περίπτωση εκχώρησης απαιτήσεων σε ημεδαπή ή αλλοδαπή

By Mr. ATHANASOPOULOS εταιρεία, εξετάζεται υπό το πρίσμα τωνGeorge-Sp. διατάξεωνC.του άρθρου 22 του Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, ν.4172/2013.

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Με τις διατάξεις του άρθρου 361 σε συνδυασμό με τα άρθρα 455Architect επ. ΑΚ Student the School of απαιτείται Architecture ορίζεται ότι για τη σύσταση ή αλλοίωση ενοχής μεofδικαιοπραξία Technical University of Crete σύμβαση, εφόσον ο νόμος δεν ορίζει διαφορετικά, ενώ ο δανειστής μπορεί με σύμβαση να μεταβιβάσει σε άλλον την απαίτησή του χωρίς τη συναίνεση του 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept οφειλέτη (εκχώρηση).

1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, ancient Greekδιευκρινίζεται philosopher, Κατ ακολουθίαtheτων ανωτέρω ότι η ζημία που προκύπτει ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greekhe philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among wise απαιτήσεων heritage he left established a great the από τηνother εκχώρηση των us, επιχειρήσεων σύμφωνα με τα αναφερθέντα among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. στην παράγραφο 3, εκπίπτει από τα ακαθάριστα έσοδά τους, με την προϋπόθεση acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition of the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if not final, approach, the term όμως, ότι πληρούνται αθροιστικά οι προϋποθέσεις του άρθρου 22 του 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification ν.4172/2013, κατ' εφαρμογή των όσων έχουν διευκρινισθεί με την 1 (andανάλογη gentrification urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or Sociology as well),εγκύκλιο as the “refining” a cityπου area, the removal this, (in various ΠΟΛ.1113/2015 για τη of ζημία προκύπτει σεfrom βάρος επιχείρησης Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), social groups, usually of low-income the placementεπιχειρηματικών there of artists, λόγω of εκχώρησης απαιτήσεων σε εταιρείαandπρακτορείας ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless of απαιτήσεων (factoring) του ν. 1905/1990 (τράπεζα ή ανώνυμη εταιρεία) ή σε the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the αλλοδαπή εταιρεία factoringη οποία λειτουργεί νόμιμα στην αλλοδαπή, εφόσονof whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land (and the potential relative πρόκειται για μιαspeculation). οικονομική συναλλαγή που αποβλέπει στην prices αντιμετώπιση potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to χρηματοδοτικών αναγκών της επιχείρησης.

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas of Τα παραπάνω εφαρμόζονται σε κάθε περίπτωση με την επιφύλαξη τωνto the then observed trend wealthy people to buy property inενδοομιλικών poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof οριζομένων στο άρθρο 50 of του ν. 4172/2013 περί τεκμηρίωσης London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly συναλλαγών και“squeezed”. στην περ. ιγ' του άρθρου 23 του ίδιου νόμου σχετικά με τη being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is που included in the workσε of φυσικό Sociologist Ruth φορολογική μεταχείριση των δαπανών καταβάλλονται ή νομικό A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere theκάτοικος work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at ήtheνομική same while similar recorded in other major πρόσωπο οντότητα που είναι φορολογικός σε κράτος μη GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. συνεργάσιμο ή που υπόκειται σε προνομιακό φορολογικό καθεστώς. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more Since then,που the issue has several below, scholars andεκκαθάριση for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized the Β. Ζημία προκύπτει σε βάρος επιχείρησης από from την comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various εταιρείας στην οποία συμμετέχει, καθώς και λόγω μείωσης μετοχικού interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: κεφαλαίου In a sense,της theτελευταίας phenomenon is due to a trend of a new category of social groups Με την 1113/2015 εγκύκλιο του reasons: Υπουργείου Οικονομικών, to “return” to theΠΟΛ. city, leaving the purlieus for several high costs in money διευκρινίστηκε ζημία πουto downtown, προκύπτειαπό and time to travelότι fromη the purlieus whereτην workαποτίμηση place is, lackτίτλων, of the 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS for wasbetter born χρεογράφων, υποχρεώσεων, κ.λπ.Ruth δενGLASS, είναι1912-1940. δαπάνη πουαντιστοιχεί σεin sense safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, search Berlin, whereσυναλλαγή, she made herαλλά first studies.

1932 sheθα published an important study entitled: πραγματική η όποιαInδαπάνη προκύψει κατά τημεταβίβαση services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for των υπόψη τίτλων, κ.λπ. ή εξόφληση της σχετικής lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private easier access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Newυποχρέωσης.

York she came to back to London, Έχει απόstudies τη approach, νομολογία των διοικητικών δικαστηρίων ότι, όταν in μια in According 1943 sheκριθεί published regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher the to another the is due a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public action and επιχείρησηκατέχει μετοχές ανώνυμης εταιρείας και δεν προβεί σε μείωση του long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. μετοχικού της κεφαλαίου και σεCodepreciation αντίστοιχη μείωση της ονομαστικής αξίας των and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for the initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: μετοχών της, η υποτίμηση αυτή των μετοχών δεν συνιστά για την επιχείρηση G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

κάτοχο των εν λόγω μετοχών πραγματοποιηθείσα ζημία που να μπορεί να εκπεσθεί από τα ακαθάριστα έσοδά της, εφόσον δεν έλαβε χώρα και εκποίηση μετοχών στην υποτιμηθείσα αξία τους2. Με την αριθ. 628/08.06.1984 γνωμοδότηση, η Συνέλευση των Προϊσταμένων των Νομικών Διευθύνσεων της Διοίκησης, γνωμοδότησε ότι, όταν μία επιχείρηση κατέχειμετοχές ανώνυμης εταιρείας και λόγω αυτής της συμμετοχής φέρεται ότι αποκτά ζημία, ηζημία αυτή καθίσταται οριστική και

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS εκκαθαρισμένη όταν αποκτάται από την πώληση τωνυπόψη συμμετοχών, ενώ αν Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, δεν λάβει χώρα πώληση αυτή οριστικοποιείται με τηνεκκαθάριση της ανώνυμης By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect εταιρείας.

Student the Schoolορίζεται of Architecture Σύμφωνα με τις διατάξεις του άρθρου 293 του ν.of4072/2012 ότι η Technical University of Crete κοινοπραξία είναι εταιρεία χωρίς νομική προσωπικότητα. Εφόσον η εταιρεία καταχωρηθεί στο approach: Γ.ΕΜΗ. ή Defining εμφανίζεται προς τα έξω, αποκτά, ως ένωση 1. Introductory the concept προσώπων, ικανότητα δικαίου και πτωχευτική ικανότητα. Στην κοινοπραξία που 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept ANTISTHENIS, the το ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC - 370 Athens), συστήθηκε με σκοπό συντονισμό της δραστηριότητας τωνBC, μελών της ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the εφαρμόζονται αναλόγως οι διατάξεις για την αστική εταιρεία. Η σύμβαση among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. κοινοπραξίας μπορεί να προβλέπει ότι για τις υποχρεώσεις της κοινοπραξίας acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition of the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if not final, approach, the term έναντι τρίτων τα κοινοπρακτούντα μέλη θα ευθύνεται εις ολόκληρον. Εφόσον, η 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the στο term gentrification) is area of Planning) (or gentrification κοινοπραξία ασκεί δραστηριότητα, καταχωρίζεται υποχρεωτικά 1 (andεμπορική gentrification urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal this, (inγια various Γ.Ε.ΜΗ. και εφαρμόζονται ως προς αυτή αναλόγως οι from διατάξεις την Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ομόρρυθμη εταιρεία. ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, “change”, regardless of Με τις διατάξεις του άρθρου 2 τουetc. ν. However 4172/2013 ορίζεται ότι οι όροι που the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the χρησιμοποιούνται για τους σκοπούς του Κ.Φ.Ε. έχουν την έννοια που προβλέπει ηof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results rising of land prices (and the potential relative κείμενη νομοθεσία, εκτός αν ο Κ.Φ.Ε. ορίζει also διαφορετικά. Ειδικότερα, μεταξύ potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to άλλων, για τους σκοπούς του ισχύοντος Κ.Φ.Ε. νοείται ως νομική οντότητα και The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas of κάθε φύσης κοινοπραξία. the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas of London, upgrade them, stay themselves thus old residents are Από τα ανωτέρω προκύπτει sometimes ότι κατάthere την and εκκαθάριση εταιρείας London, upgrade them, stay sometimes and(μητρική), thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. (θυγατρικής) της οποίας τις themselves μετοχές κατέχει άλλη there εταιρεία η υπόψη being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description is includedαποτελεί in the work of Sociologist αξία στα βιβλίαof this της phenomenon δεύτερης εταιρείας ζημία οριστική Ruth και A description ofperiod, this phenomenon included inwere theοριστικοποιείται work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same similar recorded in otherμεmajor εκκαθαρισμένη, καθόσον ηwhile ζημία τωνis situations συμμετοχών την GLASS at the same period, similar situations recorded in other major cities in Western countries, bywhile other Researchers. αναγκαστική διαγραφή τους και εμφάνιση της αξίαςwere αυτών σεαποτελεσματικό cities in Western countries, byπεριουσιακού other Researchers.

3.

Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more λογαριασμό (απώλεια πάγιου στοιχείου) Since then,και the issue has preoccupied several scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from Συνεπώς δεδομένου ότι δεν πρόκειται για μία αποτίμηση των υπόψη comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various συμμετοχών, αλλά γιαphenomenon οριστική διαγραφή συμμετοχών, υπόψη ποσό εκπίπτει interpretations of the of gentrification, the το following: interpretations theτων phenomenon gentrification, the following: με τιςaπροϋποθέσεις διατάξεων των άρθρων και 23 τουofν.social 4172/2013.

In sense, theof phenomenon is dueof to a trend of a22 new category groups Επισημαίνεται ότιcity, αν leaving οι υπόψη είχαν καταστεί συνδεδεμένες το to “return” to the theεταιρείες purlieus for several reasons: high costs inκατά money άρθρο 2 του ν. 4172/2013 τηςto αγοράς μετοχών, γιαwork τις ενplace λόγωis,συναλλαγές and time to travel from theμέσω purlieus downtown, where lack of the 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth 50 GLASS, Ruth GLASS wasbetter born in εφαρμόζονται οι διατάξεις του residencies άρθρου του 1912-1940. ίδιου περί ενδοομιλικών sense safety the distributed outside townνόμου centres, search for Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: συναλλαγών. services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public action and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit.

Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: 2 Σ.τ.Ε.

1168/1988 7μελούς, 290/1989, 936/1992.

G. ALEXANDRI: Abstract. http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually 3 Σχετ.5449/2013 ΔΕΦ Αθ.

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

102

Τα ανωτέρω εφαρμόζονται και στην περίπτωση εκκαθάρισης κοινοπραξίας, δεδομένου ότι, η κοινοπραξία που ασκεί εμπορική δραστηριότητα αντιμετωπίζεται ως ομόρρυθμη εταιρεία4. Αναφορικά με τη ζημία από την εκκαθάριση αλλοδαπής εταιρείας, αυτή εξετάζεται στο πλαίσιο των διατάξεων της παρ. 4 του άρθρου 27 του ν.

4172/2013, με βάση τις οποίες η ζημία αυτή ως ζημία αλλοδαπής καταρχήν δεν μπορεί να συμψηφιστεί με εισοδήματα που προκύπτουν στην ημεδαπή. Ωστόσο, Byπου Mr. προκύπτουν George-Sp. C. μπορεί να συμψηφιστεί με εισοδήματα σε ATHANASOPOULOS κράτη - μέλη της Ε.Ε.

Harvard University, Graduate School ofέχει Design, Student, ή του Ε.Ο.Χ., τα οποία δεν απαλλάσσονται στη βάση ΣΑΔΦ που συνάψει και By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS 5 Architect εφαρμόζει η Ελλάδα ). Ειδικότερα, η ζημία από την εκκαθάριση αλλοδαπής από of the Schoolδιακεκριμένα of Architecture κράτος - μέλος της Ε.Ε. ή του Ε.Ο.Χ. θα πρέπει Student να παρακολουθείται Technical University of Crete στα βιβλία της επιχείρησης προκειμένου να συμψηφισθεί εντός πενταετίας με μελλοντικά έσοδα από χώρες της ΕΕ και του Ε.Ο.Χ. (εξαιρουμένων των 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept εισοδημάτων εκείνων που απαλλάσσονται της φορολογίας εισοδήματος). Ως 1. Introductory approach: the concept ANTISTHENIS, the έναρξη ancientDefining Greek philosopher, (444 BC - 370της BC,πίστωσης Athens), κρίσιμος χρόνος για την της πενταετίας λαμβάνεται εκείνος ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the της ζημίας από εκκαθάριση στα βιβλία της ημεδαπής επιχείρησης. among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. Όσον αφορά στη ζημία που προκύπτει σε βάρος επιχείρησης από την acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition of the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if not final, approach, the term επιστροφή και ακύρωση μέρους των μετοχών ανώνυμης εταιρείας στην οποία 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” inindicated a first, if (in not final, approach, the term the area of Planning) (or gentrification συμμετέχει, λόγω μείωσηςgentrification) του μετοχικούis κεφαλαίου της τελευταίας, αυτή δεν 1 (and gentrification urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or Sociology as well), the “refining” of aακαθάριστα city area, theέσοδα removal from this, (inδεν various αναγνωρίζεται γιαasέκπτωση από τα της, καθόσον έχει Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and theεφαρμόζονται placement there of artists, λάβει χώρα η εκποίηση των μετοχών. Τα ανωτέρω ανάλογα και ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless of στην περίπτωση κατά την οποία η μείωση του μετοχικού κεφαλαίου ανώνυμης the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the εταιρείας πραγματοποιηθεί με αντίστοιχη μείωση της ονομαστικής αξίας τωνof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative μετοχών της. potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to The term gentrification iswealthy found at first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of people toομολόγων buy property in poor Γ. Ζημία από τη μεταβίβαση εταιρικών του ν.3156/2003 the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas London, them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus oldΟικονομικών, residents areof Μεupgrade την ΠΟΛ.

1032/2015 εγκύκλιο του Υπουργείου London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents being indirectly “squeezed”. διευκρινίστηκε επίσης, ότι από τον φόρο εισοδήματος απαλλάσσεται και are η being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is includedημεδαπών in the work of Sociologist Ruth υπεραξία που προκύπτει από τη μεταβίβαση εταιρικών ομολόγων, description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while της similar inν.3156/2003, other major κατ'Aεφαρμογή των διατάξεων παρ.1 του άρθρου 14 του GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. καθόσον οι διατάξεις αυτές ως ειδικότερες κατισχύουν του άρθρου 42 του cities in Western countries, byμεταχείρισης other Researchers.

Since then, the issueίσης has preoccupied several scholars forνομολογία its more ν.4172/2013. Για λόγους και σύμφωνα με τηνand πάγια then, the issueτυγχάνουν has severalομόλογα scholars and for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being below, from the ΔΕΕ,Since της ίδιας απαλλαγής καιsummarized τα εταιρικά που έχουν εκδοθεί comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various από εταιρείες ΕΕ και ΕΟΧ/ΕΖΕΣ. Ωστόσο, σε περίπτωση διανομής ή interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: κεφαλαιοποίησης της υπόψη υπεραξίας, φορολογείται με βάση τις διατάξεις In a sense, the phenomenon is due to aαυτή trend of a new category of social groups της“return” παρ.1 του άρθρου 47 του ν.4172/2013. to to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money Συνεπώς, τυχόνthe ζημία που to προκύπτει από τη μεταβίβαση των ωςofάνω and time to travelη from purlieus downtown, where work place is, lack the 1.of The term fromαναγνωρίζεται Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth GLASS wasχρόνο born in εταιρικών ομολόγων προς έκπτωση κατά τονfor sense safety atcomes the distributed residencies outside town centres, search better Berlin, where she made first studies.

In 1932 sheαπό an important study entitled: πραγματοποίησής της,her καθόσον, η υπεραξία ίδια αιτία φορολογείται services of health, education, entertainment “at published the την heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for κατά την κεφαλαιοποίηση ή τη διανομή της με βάση τις διατάξεις του άρθρου 47 lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back to London, του ν.4172/2013. in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public action and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit.

Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: 4 Άρθρο 293 του ν.order 4072/2012.

G. ALEXANDRI: Abstract. http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually 5 ΠΟΛ. 1088/2016 εγκύκλιος του Υπουργείου Οικονομικών.

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Δ. Φορολογική μεταχείριση τόκων υπερημερίας που προκύπτουν λόγω οφειλής φόρων, τελών, εισφορών προς το Δημόσιο ή ΝΠΔΔ Concerns Όταν η μεταβίβαση πραγματοποιείται από φυσικό πρόσωπο η ζημία δεν αναγνωρίζεται σε καμία περίπτωση.

Σύμφωνα με την περ. ε' του άρθρου 23 του ν.4172/2013 ορίζεται ότι από τα ακαθάριστα έσοδα των επιχειρήσεων δεν εκπίπτουν τα πρόστιμα και ποινές,

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS περιλαμβανομένων των προσαυξήσεων.

6 Harvard University, of Design, Student, Επίσης διευκρινίσθηκε ότι τα υπόψηGraduate πρόστιμαSchool και ποινές προέρχονται By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect από την αθέτηση συμβατικών υποχρεώσεων των επιχειρήσεων ή παραβάσεων Student the School of Architecture διατάξεων νόμου. Επίσης, με την ίδια εγκύκλιο μαςofδιευκρινίστηκε ότι στην Technical University of Crete έννοια των προστίμων και ποινών, περιλαμβανομένων των προσαυξήσεων, που δεν1.εκπίπτουν σύμφωνα με τις διατάξεις της περ. ε' του άρθρου 23 του Introductory approach: Defining the concept ν.4172/2013 περιλαμβάνονται, μεταξύ άλλων, και οι τόκοι υπερημερίας λόγω 1. Introductory approach: the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, theδασμών, ancientDefining Greek philosopher, οφειλής φόρων, τελών, εισφορών, αμοιβών, κ.λπ.

ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greekhe philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left great the Άλλωστε, με τις διατάξεις της us, περ. α'established του ίδιου ωςa άνω άρθρου και νόμου among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. ορίζεται ότι από τα ακαθάριστα έσοδα των επιχειρήσεων δεν εκπίπτουν οι τόκοι acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition of the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if not final, approach, the term από δάνεια που λαμβάνει μία επιχείρηση από τρίτους, πλην τραπεζικών δανείων, 1 Based, therefore, onκαι this “principle” inindicated a first, ανωνύμων if (in notthe final, approach, the term urban gentrification) area of Planning) gentrification διατραπεζικών(and ομολογιακώνisδανείων εταιρειών, κατά(or το 1δανείων gentrification (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or Sociology as well), the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various μέτρο εκείνο που as ορίζεται με τις ίδιες αυτές διατάξεις. Στους ανωτέρω τόκους Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usuallyτόκοι of low-income and the placement there of artists, περιλαμβάνονται κάθε είδους δανείων ή πιστώσεων γενικά της επιχείρησης ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless of χωρίς να γίνεται διάκριση ως προς το είδος των τόκων (συμβατικοί ή the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless of whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the υπερημερίας). whatever other consequences has, results of landκαι prices the potential speculation). Απόrelative τα παραπάνω προκύπτει ότι also τα rising πρόστιμα οι (and ποινές, potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to περιλαμβανομένων των προσαυξήσεων, δεν αναγνωρίζονται προς έκπτωση από The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas of τα ακαθάριστα έσοδα των επιχειρήσεων με εξαίρεση τους τόκους δανείων ήto the then observed trend wealthy people to there buy property inδιατάξεων poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes and thus residents areof γενικά πιστώσεων, καθόσον από τη συστηματική ερμηνεία τωνold της London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. περ. α' του άρθρου 23 του ίδιου νόμου εκπίπτουν όλοι οι τόκοι που δεν being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon includedόριο. in the work of Sociologist Ruth υπερβαίνουν το οριζόμενο από τις ίδιεςisδιατάξεις AΚατόπιν description ofperiod, thisόσων phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major όλων αναφέρθηκαν παραπάνω καιof δεδομένου ότι GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, otherδανείων Researchers. καταρχήνεκπίπτουν όλοι οιby τόκοι και πιστώσεων, με την επιφύλαξη του cities in Western countries, by other Researchers.

Since then, the issueπερ. has scholars and forνα itsγίνεται more ορίου που τίθεται μετην α'preoccupied του άρθρου 23several του ν.4172/2013, χωρίς Sinceως then, the has preoccupied several scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach are being summarized from διάκριση προς τοissue είδος τους, διευκρινίζεται ότι below, στην έννοια των τόκων comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various υπερημερίας που δεν εκπίπτουν από τα ακαθάριστα έσοδα μίας επιχείρησης interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: περιλαμβάνονται μόνο εκείνοι isπου προκύπτουν οφειλής φόρων, τελών, In a sense, theof phenomenon dueof togentrification, a trend of aλόγω new of social groups δασμών, εισφορών, προς το Δημόσιο ή νομικά to “return” to the city,αμοιβών leaving the purlieus for several reasons:πρόσωπα high costs δημοσίου in money δικαίου. and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin,Ε.where she made her firstδαπανών studies. In σε 1932 she published an important study entitled: Χρόνος έκπτωσης περίπτωση συνεχιζόμενης παροχής services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for υπηρεσίας η οποία ολοκληρώνεται σε επόμενη χρήση lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, Αναφορικά με τον χρόνο έκπτωσης των επιχειρηματικών δαπανών, ότι in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning.

In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public action and αυτές εκπίπτουν από τα ακαθάριστα έσοδα του φορολογικού έτους το οποίο long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: Abstract. http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually 6 ΠΟΛ. 1113/2015 εγκύκλιο του Υπουργείου Οικονομικών.

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

αφορούν, με την επιφύλαξη των διατάξεων του άρθρου 23 (π.χ. χρόνος έκπτωσης ασφαλιστικών εισφορών, κ λ π ) 7. Οι δαπάνες των οποίων τα δικαιολογητικά εκδίδονται ή λαμβάνονται έως την ημερομηνία κλεισίματος του ισολογισμού και αφορούν την κλειόμενη χρήση επίσης εκπίπτουν από τα ακαθάριστα έσοδα του έτους που αφορούν. Ενόψει των ανωτέρω, σε περίπτωση συνεχιζόμενης παροχής υπηρεσίας, η οποία ολοκληρώνεται το επόμενο φορολογικό έτος, ανεξάρτητα αν το σχετικό Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS δικαιολογητικό εκδίδεται πριν ή By μετά την προθεσμία κλεισίματος του Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, ισολογισμού, η σχετική δαπάνη εκπίπτει στο φορολογικό έτος εντός τουStudent, οποίου By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect ολοκληρώνεται η παροχή και υπάρχει υποχρέωση έκδοσης του σχετικού Student of the School of Architecture δικαιολογητικού.

Technical University of Crete

ΣΤ. Χρόνος έκπτωσης του αγγελιοσήμου 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept Με τις διατάξεις της παρ.

1 του άρθρου 12 του ν. 2328/1995, με τις οποίες 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greekκαι philosopher, BC - 370 BC, Athens), καθορίστηκε η διαδικασία καταβολής απόδοσης (444 του αγγελιοσήμου, ορίζεται ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great ότι απαγορεύεται η καταχώριση ή η μετάδοση διαφημιστικών“principle”: μηνυμάτων ήthe η among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startsή with content concepts. the ανάληψη χορηγίας εκπομπής η διάθεση χώρουof σεthe έντυπο ή ραδιοφωνικού ή acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, a first, if of not final, approach, the term τηλεοπτικού χρόνου on γιαthis τη“principle” μετάδοση διαφημιστικών μηνυμάτων, χωρίς την 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the(νυν term (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification έκδοση τιμολογίου, που εκδίδεται κατά τον Κώδικα Βιβλίων και Στοιχείων 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology well), the “refining” of a cityκαι area,τοtheποσό removal this, (in various ΕΛΠ) και as επί τουasοποίου αναγράφεται του from αγγελιοσήμου που Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement αναλογεί. ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation restaurants, However this “change”, regardless of Επίσης,of μεart τιςgalleries, διατάξεις της παρ. 7etc. του ίδιου άρθρου και νόμου ορίζεται, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the μεταξύ άλλων, ότι κάθε ημερολογιακό δίμηνο και μέχρι την 20η ημέρα του μήναof whatever other consequences has, results also rising ofειδικών land prices (and the potential relative που ακολουθεί τοspeculation). δίμηνο, κατατίθεται με τη συμπλήρωση εντύπων από potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to τον διαφημιζόμενο ή εφόσον μεσολαβεί διαφημιστής, από τον διαφημιστή κατ" The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas of εντολή του διαφημιζομένου, το αγγελιόσημο στο όνομα του μέσου ενημέρωσης,to theοποίο then observed trend wealthy people to there buyσυμβεβλημένες property in poor areas London, upgrade stay of themselves sometimes and thus old residents areof στο έγινε η them, διαφημιστική προβολή, σε τράπεζες με τα κατά London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectlyγια “squeezed”. νόμο αρμόδια την είσπραξη του αγγελιοσήμου ασφαλιστικά ταμεία και σε being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth σχετικούς λογαριασμούς τους.

AΤέλος, description this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded workκαι of νόμου Sociologist Ruth GLASS at theμεsame period, while in other major τιςofδιατάξεις της similar παρ. 12 του ίδιου άρθρου ορίζεται, GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in άλλων, Westernότι countries, by other Researchers. μεταξύ σε περίπτωση που δεν έχει καταβληθεί από τον διαφημιστή ή cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Since then, the issue has several το scholars and for its τον διαφημιζόμενο εγκαίρως και Researchers. προσηκόντως αγγελιόσημο επί more των Since then, the issue από has severalοι scholars and for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized below, from the διαφημίσεων, ανεξάρτητα τις άλλες συνέπειες, σχετικές διαφημιστικές comprehensive approach summarized below, from theκαι various δαπάνες δεν εκπίπτουν από are τα being ακαθάριστα έσοδα διαφημιστή του interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, theτου following: interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: διαφημιζομένου, και αν στη δεύτερη περίπτωση μεσολαβεί In a sense, the έστω phenomenon is due to a trend of a new categoryδιαφημιστής. of social groups Μετάtoαπό αναφέρθηκαν πιο συνάγεται, αγγελιόσημο to “return” theόλα city,όσα leaving the purlieus forπάνω several reasons: ότι highτοcosts in money εκπίπτει τα ακαθάριστα έσοδα του φορολογικού έτους το place οποίοis, αφορά, and time από to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work lack ofήτοι the termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, Ruth search GLASS for was born του 1. φορολογικού έτους στο οποίο εκδόθηκαν τα1912-1940. σχετικά παραστατικά, υπό τηνin sense ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, better Berlin, where ότι she made her first αθροιστικά studies. In 1932 she published anτου entitled: προϋπόθεση πληρούνται οι προϋποθέσεις 22 του ν. services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart ofimportant theάρθρου city”,study (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for 4172/2013 και με την επιφύλαξη των διατάξεων της παρ.

9 του άρθρου 38 του lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc. studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back to London, where πρόσφατα ν. regarding 4387/2016 με βάση τις οποίες απόteacher 1.8.2016 in According 1943 she ψηφισθέντος published studies cityphenomenon planning.

In 1950 sheto became in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public action and καταργούνται οι διατάξεις επιβολής του αγγελιοσήμου. long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: Abstract. http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually 7

104

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

Επισημαίνεται ότι σε περίπτωση εκπρόθεσμης καταβολής του αγγελιοσήμου, οι σχετικές διαφημιστικές δαπάνες δεν εκπίπτουν από τα ακαθάριστα έσοδα του διαφημιστή και του διαφημιζομένου, κατά ρητή διατύπωση του ν.2328/1995.

Ζ. Φορολογική μεταχείριση ασφαλιστικών εισφορών εταίρων ΕΠΕ/ΙΚΕ του είναι ταυτόχρονα και διαχειριστές, καθώς και μελών ΔΣ ΑΕ

By Mr. George-Sp. ATHANASOPOULOS που κατέχουν άνω του 3% του μετοχικού κεφαλαίουC. της Α.Ε.

Harvard University, Graduate School Design, Student, Οι ασφαλιστικές εισφορές των εταίρων Ε.Π.Ε. ή Ι.Κ.Ε. δενofεκπίπτουν από τα By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS ακαθάριστα έσοδα των εταιρειών αυτών, αλλά σε περίπτωση που οιArchitect εταίροι of the School of Architecture λαμβάνουν αμοιβή και ασκούν επιχειρηματικήStudent δραστηριότητα, οι ασφαλιστικές Technical University Crete τους εισφορές θα εκπίπτουν από τα ακαθάριστα έσοδα της ατομικήςofτους 8 επιχείρησης . Αν δεν ασκούνDefining επιχειρηματική δραστηριότητα και επιπλέον οι 1. Introductory approach: the concept αμοιβές που λαμβάνουν από την Ε.Π.Ε. ή την Ι.Κ.Ε. θεωρούνται ως εισόδημα από 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept ANTISTHENIS, ancient Greek philosopher, (444θα BCεκπίπτουν - 370 BC, Athens), μισθωτές υπηρεσίες,the τότε οι ασφαλιστικές εισφορές από το ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the εισόδημα τους από μισθωτές υπηρεσίες και θα δηλωθούν από τα φυσικά among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. πρόσωπα στη δήλωση φορολογίας εισοδήματος τους (Ε1). acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition of the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if not final, approach, the term Ομοίως, σε περίπτωση που κάποια από τα παραπάνω μέλη είναι 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) is of Planning) (or gentrification ταυτόχρονα και διαχειριστές στις πιο πάνω εταιρείες, οιarea οποίοι επίσης δεν 1 (and gentrification urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or Sociology well),αμοιβή as the “refining” a city area, theαυτής, removal from this, (in various λαμβάνουνasκαμία λόγω της of ιδιότητας τους οι υπόψη ασφαλιστικές Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually low-income and the εισφορές δεν εκπίπτουν από τα of ακαθάριστα έσοδα τωνplacement εταιρειών. there of artists, ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless of Επίσης, με την ως άνω εγκύκλιο διευκρινίστηκε ότι οι there ασφαλιστικές the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the εισφορές μελών Δ.Σ. Α.Ε. που δεν ασκούν επιχειρηματική δραστηριότητα και δενof whatever other consequences has, results also rising of landοι prices (and the potential relative συμμετέχουν στοspeculation). κεφάλαιο των υπόψη εταιρειών και επιπλέον αμοιβές που potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to λαμβάνουν λόγω της ιδιότητας τους αυτής θεωρούνται ως εισόδημα από The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas of μισθωτές υπηρεσίες, τότε οι ασφαλιστικές εισφορές θα εκπίπτουν από τοto the then observed trend wealthy people buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes and thusαπό old residents areof εισόδημα τους από μισθωτές υπηρεσίες και toθαthere δηλωθούν τα φυσικά London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. πρόσωπα στη δήλωση φορολογίας εισοδήματος τους (Ε1). being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon included in the work of Sociologist Ruth Από τα ανωτέρω προκύπτει, ότιisοι ασφαλιστικές εισφορές μέλους Δ.Σ. ΑΕ A description ofperiod, this μετοχικό phenomenon is situations included work ofάνω Sociologist Ruth GLASS atσυμμετέχει the same while similar were recorded in του other major το οποίο στο κεφάλαιο της ΑΕin μεthe ποσοστό 3%, και GLASS at theυπάρχει same period, situations were recorded other major cities in Western countries, bywhile othersimilar Researchers. κατά συνέπεια υποχρέωση ασφάλισης του στον ΟΑΕΕ (παρ.in 1 άρθρου 46 cities in Western countries, byλαμβάνει other Researchers.

Since then,και the preoccupied several scholars and forαμοιβή its more ν.3518/2006), τοissue οποίοhas δε μισθό, ούτε οποιαδήποτε άλλη ΔΣ Since then,δεν the issueκαμία has several scholars and for its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized below, from various και περαιτέρω ασκεί επιχειρηματική δραστηριότητα, δενthe εκπίπτουν comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various από τα ακαθάριστα έσοδα της ΑΕ οι υπόψη ασφαλιστικές εισφορές. interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new category of social groups Η. Φορολογική μεταχείριση Ειδικού Φόρου to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieusτου for several reasons: highΚατανάλωσης costs in money (Ε.Φ.Κ.) and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the 9 Ruth The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, GLASS for wasbetter bornοin Η Επιτροπή Τυποποίησης &1912-1940. Ελέγχων αποφάνθηκε ότι sense1.of safety the Λογιστικής distributed residencies outside town centres, search Berlin, where she made her first studies.

In 1932 she published an important study entitled: Ειδικός Φόρος Κατανάλωσης όταν γίνεται απαιτητός απόofτο Ελληνικό Δημόσιο services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for βαρύνει το research κόστος των αποθεμάτων καιand στη με to την πώληση των lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private car easier access markets, etc. studies and Geneva, Prague, London Newσυνέχεια York she came back to London, where αποθεμάτων εμφανίζεται/ προσαυξάνει τις πωλήσεις. in According 1943 she published studies regarding city planning.

In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the phenomenon is due a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public action and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit.

Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: 8 ΠΟΛ.1113/2015 εγκύκλιο του Υπουργείου Οικονομικών.“voluntary”, G. ALEXANDRI: Abstract. http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order to achieve the “assisted”, (actually 9 Σχετικό το αριθ. 1129 ΕΞ 15.10.2012 έγγραφό της.

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

106

Από τα ανωτέρω προκύπτει ότι ο Ε.Φ. Κ. περιλαμβάνεται στο κόστος πωληθέντων και κατά συνέπεια επηρεάζει τα αποτελέσματα χρήσης μέσω του κόστους πωληθέντων κατά την οριστική πώληση των καπνοβιομηχανικών προϊόντων. Κατά συνέπεια, αυτός δεν εκπίπτει από τα ακαθάριστα έσοδα των υπόψη επιχειρήσεων ως αυτοτελής δαπάνη (διπλή έκπτωση). Ειδικά για το κρασί αναφέρεται ότι με τις διατάξεις του άρθρου 13 του ν.4346/2015 τροποποιήθηκαν οι διατάξεις των άρθρων 91 και 93 του George-Sp. C.την ATHANASOPOULOS ν.2960/2001 (Τελωνειακός Κώδικας)By καιMr. επιβλήθηκε από 01.01.2016 Ε.Φ.Κ.

Harvard University, Graduate School of Design,ότι Student, στο κρασί. Κατ' εξαίρεση για το φορολογικό έτος 2016 και δεδομένου κατά By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect την απογραφή στις 31.12.2015 δεν είχε ληφθεί υπόψη ο Ε.Φ.Κ. για εκείνα τα Student of the School of Architecture (αδιάθετα) αποθέματα που εμφανίζονται στις 31.12.2015 και πρόκειται να Technical University of Crete πωληθούν κατά το φορολογικό έτος 2016, με την παρούσα γίνεται δεκτό ότι ειδικά για αυτά τα αδιάθετα ο Ε.Φ.Κ. θα εκπέσει κατά το φορολογικό 1. Introductory approach:αποθέματα Defining the concept έτος1. που θα καταβληθεί.

Introductory approach: the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among wise heritage he left us, he established a great the Θ.other Φορολογική μεταχείριση των δαπανών σίτισης και διαμονής που among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. πραγματοποιούν οι φαρμακευτικές εταιρείες, για οργάνωση και acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition of the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if not final, approach, the term διεξαγωγή ενημερωτικών ημερίδων και συναντήσεων 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” inindicated a first, if not final, approach, the term urban gentrification) is the area of Planning) (or gentrification Με την(and ΠΟΛ.1113/2015 εγκύκλιο του (in Υπουργείου Οικονομικών 1 (and gentrification urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” a city area, the300 removal from (in various διευκρινίσθηκε, μεταξύ άλλων, ότιofτο ποσό των ευρώ γιαthis, ενημερωτικές Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually low-incomeστην and περ. the placement there 23 of artists, ημερίδες και συναντήσεις που of αναφέρεται θ.' του άρθρου του ν. ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless of 4172/2013, οι οποίες είτε οργανώνονται από την ίδια την επιχείρηση είτεartists, από the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the τρίτο, θα εφαρμόζεται ανά συμμετέχοντα και ανά ενημερωτική ημερίδα -of whatever other consequences results also rising ofτης land (and the potential relative συνάντηση με τηνspeculation). προϋπόθεση ότιhas, το συνολικό ετήσιο ποσό εν prices λόγω δαπάνης potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to να μην υπερβαίνει το 0,5% των ακαθάριστων εσόδων της επιχείρησης.

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas of Επισημαίνεται ότι η αναφορά στην ως άνω εγκύκλιο σε ημερίδες καιto the then observed trend wealthy people to there buyκαταλαμβάνει property in poor areas London, upgrade stay of themselves sometimes and thus old residents areof συναντήσεις πουthem, οργανώνονται από τρίτους αυτές που London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. οργανώνονται μέσω τρίτων που ασκούν κατ' επάγγελμα αυτή τη being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description(διοργάνωση of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist δραστηριότητα συνεδρίων και ενημερωτικών ημερίδων) καιRuth όχι A την description ofperiod, this is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar inήother major αυτές οργάνωση τωνphenomenon οποίων καταλαμβάνουν λοιποί κρατικοί μη φορείς GLASS at the same period, while situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, byνοσοκομεία, othersimilar Researchers. (π.χ. πανεπιστήμια, κρατικά κ.λπ.). cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issueεταιρείες, has several scholars and for itsυγείας more Οι φαρμακευτικές στο πλαίσιο ενημέρωσης επιστημόνων Since φαρμακοποιοί then, the issue κ.ο.κ.) has several scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized (γιατροί, συμμετέχουν στο below, κόστοςfrom οργάνωσης και comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various διεξαγωγής ενημερωτικών ημερίδων ή συνεδρίων, μετά από προηγούμενη interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: interpretations the Οργανισμού phenomenon of thecategory following: έγκριση του Εθνικού Φαρμάκων (Ε.Ο.Φ), μέσω τηςofκάλυψης των In a sense, theof phenomenon is due togentrification, a trend of a new social groups εξόδων διαμονής και σίτισης των συμμετεχόντων (επιστημόνων to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs inυγείας), money δεδομένου οι επιστήμονες υγείας το εξειδικευμένο κοινό το οποίο and time toότι travel from the purlieus toείναι downtown, where work placeπρος is, lack of the 1.of The term from Sociologist Ruth 1912-1940.

Ruth GLASS wasbetter born πρωτίστως απευθύνονται και μέσω τωνGLASS, οποίων διατίθενται ταsearch προϊόντα τωνin sense safety atcomes the distributed residencies outside town centres, for Berlin, where she made her first studies.

In πελάτες 1932 she published an important study entitled: υπόψη εταιρειών, θεωρούνται δηλαδή για τις ανάγκες εφαρμογής των services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for διατάξεων της περίπτωσης θ' του άρθρου 23 του ν.4172/2013. lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc. studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back to London, where Οι she ενημερωτικές ημερίδες ή συνέδρια οργανώνονται είτε από ίδιες in τις in According 1943 published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning.

In 1950 sheto became teacher the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public action and φαρμακευτικές εταιρείες (ανεξάρτητα αν την οργάνωση τους στην πράξη long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. αναλαμβάνουν τρίτοι οι οποίοι ασκούν κατ' επάγγελμα δραστηριότητα), and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for the depreciation initially ofαυτή partτη of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Co Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: είτε από λοιπούς φορείς, κρατικούς (πανεπιστήμια, κρατικά νοσοκομεία κ.λπ.) ή G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student,

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Student of the School of Architecture Technical University of Crete

1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept 1. Introductory approach: the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. μη (επιστημονικά σωματεία μη κερδοσκοπικού χαρακτήρα, επιστημονικές acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition of the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if not final, approach, the term ενώσεις κάθε νομικής μορφής μη κερδοσκοπικού χαρακτήρα, κ.λπ.), υπό την 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” inindicated a first, εταιρίες. if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) is area of Planning) (or gentrification αιγίδα των οποίων συμμετέχουν οι φαρμακευτικές 1 (and gentrification urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or Sociology well), the “refining” πιο of a πάνω city area, removal from (in various Απόasόλα όσαasαναφέρθηκαν καιthe δεδομένου ότι οιthis, ενημερωτικές Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of ή social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there artists, ημερίδες συνέδρια οργανώνονται μετά από προηγούμενη έγκριση τουofΕθνικού ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless of Οργανισμού Φαρμάκων (Ε.Ο.Φ) προκύπτει, ότι στον περιορισμό της περίπτωσης the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the θ' του άρθρου 23 του ν. 4172/2013, εμπίπτουν οι αντίστοιχες δαπάνες σίτισηςof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has,που results also rising land pricesημερίδες (and the potential relative και διαμονήςπελατών ή εργαζομένων συμμετέχουν σε of ενημερωτικές potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to ή συνέδρια που οργανώνονται από την ίδια την φαρμακευτική επιχείρηση.

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas of Αντίθετα, για ενημερωτικές ημερίδες οι οποίες πραγματοποιούνται απόto the then observed trend of wealthy people buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes and thus old residents areof λοιπούς κρατικούς ή μη φορείς (ανεξάρτητα απόtoτοthere αν διοργανώνονται από τους London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being ίδιουςindirectly ή από “squeezed”. τρίτες εταιρείες που ασκούν κατ' επάγγελμα αυτή τη being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description οι of δαπάνες this phenomenon is included in the work Sociologist Ruth δραστηριότητα), οργάνωσης και διεξαγωγής αυτώνofπου βαρύνουν τις A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major φαρμακευτικές εταιρίες και αφορούν στη σίτιση καιrecorded διαμονή πελατών ή GLASS at theτους, same period, similar situations recorded in other major 10, Τα cities in Western countries, bywhile other Researchers. εργαζομένων εμπίπτουν στον γενικό κανόναwere έκπτωσης ανωτέρω cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has several and for its more αποτελούν γενικό κανόνα έκπτωσης για όλεςscholars τις επιχειρήσεις που Since then, the issueσίτισης has several scholars andthe forτους its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized below, from various πραγματοποιούν δαπάνες και διαμονής πελατών ή εργαζομένων στα comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various πλαίσια οργάνωσης διεξαγωγήςofενημερωτικών και συναντήσεων, interpretations of theκαι phenomenon gentrification, ημερίδων the following: interpretations of the thecategory following: επισημαίνοντας σε phenomenon κάθε περίπτωση αναφερόμενα πιο πάνω ως προς τον In a sense, theότι phenomenon is dueof togentrification, aτα trend of a new of social groups εν “return” τοις πράγμασι διοργανωτή συνεδρίου - ενημερωτικής ημερίδας (τρίτο ή την to to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money ίδια time την toεταιρεία) καθώς και γενικότερα οι προϋποθέσεις εφαρμογής and travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack ofτων the 1.of The term comes from Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth GLASS wasbetter born in διατάξεων τωνat άρθρων 22Sociologist και 23, θα πρέπει να εξετάζονται σε κάθε περίπτωση sense safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, search for Berlin, she made her studies.

In 1932 she published entitled: ως θέμαwhere απόfirst την αρμόδια ελεγκτική μεimportant βάση ταstudy ιδιαίτερα services ofπραγματικό health, education, entertainment “at the αρχή, heartan of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for χαρακτηριστικά τηςin κάθε δαπάνης. lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public action and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: 10 G. ALEXANDRI: Abstract. http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually Άρθρο 22 τουinν. order 4172/2013.

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student,

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Student of the School of Architecture Technical University of Crete

1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept 1. Introductory approach: the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term (or gentrification (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more Since then, the issue has several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized from comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new category of social groups to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public action and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

108

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, The RoleTypes of New Technologies Definition, of intervention, Concerns of Gentrification in Design and Construction Concerns

Georgios - Spyridon C. ATHANASOPOULOS

Harvard Graduate School of Design

By Mr.University George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Master of Architecture UrbanStudent, Design Harvard University, Graduate School of in Design, Technical University of Crete

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect of Architecture Student ofBachelor the School of Architecture Technical University of Crete

1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept From Renaissance to the 21st Century 1. Introductory approach: the concept ANTISTHENIS, the characteristics ancientDefining Greek philosopher, BC - 370 Athens), One of the main of the design(444 profession is BC, the ability to ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great adapt to its synchronical changes in society. These changes take placethe in among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. various fields as the starts economic or the social organization of a state, acquisition ofsuch knowledge with realm theindefinition the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term as well as in and “principle” the sciences.

Since ages of ancient Egypt 1technology Based, therefore, on this inindicated a first,the if (in not final, approach, the and term (and urban gentrification) is the area of Planning) (or gentrification its Pyramids, the role of the architect, a term that can be translated from the 1 gentrification (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various greek language as the primary engineer, was to the try removal to invent tools, processes, Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, orways), material techniques that would serve common needs and would provide of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”,there regardless of solutions to particular problems.

In a similar way, this is also the rolethe ofof the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and technology in general, and that would be the also creation ofof knowledge, materials whatever other consequences has, results rising land prices (and the potential relative speculation). and methods that aim to facilitate life. potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to fundamental change happened atin the time Renaissance TheOne term gentrification iswealthy foundthat atpeople first in the UK early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property inofpoor was the invention of the perspective drawing.

This was seen as a cutting-edge the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof technology and“squeezed”. it altered thethemselves way in which space was perceived.

An residents equivalent London, upgrade them, stay sometimes there and thus old are being indirectly shift that takes place today would be the extensive use of digital tools in being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth design and Digitalsimilar tools offer a inwere wide range of options in GLASS at thearchitecture. same while in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major reinterpreting andbyinother creating particular architectural languages and cities in Westerndesign countries, Researchers. cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. syntaxes.

However, theyhas also provide the opportunity the Since then, the issue preoccupied several scholars to andsimulate for its more Sinceof then, the issue has severalthe scholars andthe for its more structure a desirable building in order to explore performable aspects of comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized below, from various comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various the design.

In that way, one of the main attempts of this essay is to argue that interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thecategory following: the new toolsthe not only can be used vehicles thatof would In a sense, phenomenon is dueas toform-finding a trend of a new socialexplore groups new aesthetics, the same time, they contribute thecosts development to “return” to thebut city,atleaving the purlieus forcan several reasons:tohigh in money of new principles. and timetectonic to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Simulation tools Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living costrole of, in “withdrawal” from private easier access to markets, As the ofGeneva, the designer and architect to try to adopt the newetc. tools studies and research Prague, London and car Newis York she came back to London, where in 1943 she published studies regarding city planning.

In 1950 she became teacher the According to another approach, the phenomenon is due to a systematic and that continuously emerge, it should be noted that his role would also bein to University College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public action and long-term informal effort organized groups, brokersorofdecline buying critically engage with theby new techniques andmanufacturers, being able to accept her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in the outcomes of the digital world.

As the new2009. simulation tools may enable the 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: Abstract. http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm adesigner variety to ofinterpret ways, in his order to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, design in terms of functionality, weather and(actually light

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns conditions, and stability, the results of that should not be accepted per se.

They should be critically filtered in order to provide feedback for the design.

The generation of statistical analysis and data should only be used as way to

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS redefine the strategies and principles that guide the design process.

Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student,

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Computation vs Computerization | TheStudent Traces of Design of Computational the School of Architecture At this point there is an important distinction that needs to be made Technical University of Crete

110

between the terms “computational” and “computerized” design. One aspect of Introductory approach: the concept the1.“computerized” design Defining method would be the exact replication of an 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept analytical set of information. addition to that,(444 andBC according Achim ANTISTHENIS, the ancient In Greek philosopher, - 370 BC,toAthens), ANTISTHENIS, thedesign ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he follows left us, he established amethods great the Menges, computerized the traditional(444 of design, just among the other wise heritage he leftthe us, he acomputational greatof“principle”: the acquisition ofinterface knowledge with definition of hand the content concepts. through of starts a computer.

On theestablished other design acquisition of knowledge starts with the definition of the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term shifts the discourse of design, by challenging the conventional methods and 1 (and urban Based, of therefore, this “principle” inindicated a first, ifof(in not final, approach, the and term gentrification) is the area of Planning) (or gentrification processes design on through the introduction parametric models, 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well),the as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various directly through programming language of the computer.

Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of the operation ofcomputation art galleries, restaurants, etc. However regardless of Design and the broader range ofthis all“change”, its relevant toolsartists, was the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the primarily adopted by the fields of naval and aerospace engineering. The mainof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative target was to generate models of simulation that through analysis and potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first thethe UK in early in 1960s and it refers to interpretation of their results would leadinto increase performance and The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor efficiency of structures. The outcomes of the use of applied physics and the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves thus old areof applied sciences also introduced new techniques andand methods inresidents fabrication London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. and construction.

The first attempts to follow the advancements came from being indirectly “squeezed”. descriptionasofthey this tried phenomenon is included in the work offor Sociologist Ruth theAindustries, to respond to market demands customization A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major ofGLASS products.

Atsame that period, particular point, thesituations fordist model of the assembly-line at the while similar were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. production was countries, questioned and Interventions could take place cities in Western bypreoccupied otherredefined.

Researchers.

Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more during the production process in order to broaden thescholars variety of thefor products.

Since then, the issue has several and its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized below, from the various comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: Nevertheless, the discourse of of gentrification, computationalthe design dates way back to interpretations of the phenomenon following: In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new category of social groups the“return” invention of city, analytical third degree to to the leavinggeometries the purlieusand for several reasons:algebraic high costsequations in money formtime Leibniz.

It could that, at a certainwhere degree theplace emergence and to travel frombe theargued purlieus to downtown, work is, lack of of the the new tools came as the outcome of applied mathematics through the extensive termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, where she made her firstIn studies.

1932 she published an important entitled: use of computer otherInwords, computers the study possibility services of health,resources. education, entertainment “at the heartoffered of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment.

The same geometries year she left Germany and after continuous movements to represent non-euclidean that would take a great amount offor lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, effort to she produce by hand.

Computer offered a wide range oftobecame potentials to map in According 1943 published studies regarding city planning.

In 1950 she teacher in the to another approach, the phenomenon is due a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public action and analytical and complex geometries and this was about to bring fundamental long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. changes inreal the estate, way space for could be perceived,initially and as of result the urban way itweb, could and selling theCo depreciation part in of the in 10th edit. Wil. COLLINS etc., SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: be built.

G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

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Redefining Tectonics GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, At this point, before shifting to an understanding of the new design and simulation tools in terms of their practical values, it might worth to Definition, Types of intervention, Concerns of Gentrification interpret their outcomes in terms of design and aesthetics. The new design Concerns techniques have offered new ways to design space and can be criticized for

form-finding obsessions. The result of that could be the fetishization of the architectural object. But the idea that architecture should demonstrate itself

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS and expose its ambitions to lead the aesthetics discourse is a perception that Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, goes back in time. It dates back to the andC.it ATHANASSOPOULOS even goes way more ByRenaissance Mr. George-Sp. Architect back to the construction of the Parthenon. From that point of view the new Student of the School of Architecture design tools are just being used as the contemporaryTechnical vehicle that enables the University of Crete architect-designer to express his aesthetic language and vocabulary. In other 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept words, a computational design language is not necessarily a premise for an 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept expressive architectural vocabulary, the computer be the ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greekand philosopher, (444just BC happens - 370 BC,to Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the latest method of designing. among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the acquisition ofisknowledge starts with the definition the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” aseek first, the if of not final, term What important, however isinto way in approach, which anythe design1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the (andor urban gentrification) is indicated (in thetoarea of Planning) (or gentrification artistic obsession performative expression is related a crucial aspectterm of 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), thewould “refining” of aone city of area, the removal from this, various architecture, and as that be the tectonics.

Structure was(in always a Sociology as as the “refining” of a city from this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually low-income andthe theremoval placement there parameter inwell), architecture andofdesign thatarea, defined the final outcome.

In the ways), of social groups, usually ofoflow-income and thethis placement there of artists, the operation ofdiscourse, art galleries, etc.technologies However “change”, regardless of contemporary therestaurants, use digital can greatly contribute the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the to the field of tectonics. Even if this seems to be obvious, as engineering wasof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential always a relative discipline closely related to computation and mathematics, it could potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first infor thedifferent UK in early 1960s Structure and it refers to be claimed that it is actually happening reasons. and The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor tectonics are redefined, not because of the use of the new tools by the then observed trend of wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves and old residents areof engineers, but basically because of the use of thesethere tools bythus the designers.

The London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. new tools have offered the designers the possibility of an architectural being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description this phenomenon is included in thecalculate work of Sociologist Ruth vocabulary thatofofconventional tectonics cannot by simplistic A description this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same period, while similar in other major simulation andsame analytic models.

As an extension to that, form-finding GLASS at the period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. techniques have definitely lead to the emergence of what could be named as cities in Western countries, by other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more “tectonic-finding” techniques.

This would be an investigation offor principles Since then, the issue has several scholars and its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized below, from the various that, through the engagement of the digital tools, could lead to the realization comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: ofinterpretations any unconventional design, and at the same the time would manage to of the phenomenon of gentrification, following: In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new category of social groups overcome construction issues. shouldforbeseveral pointed out, high however, that the to “return” to the city, leaving the It purlieus reasons: costs in money collaboration between the purlieus engineertoand the architect, wellplace as theis,blurring of and time to travel from the downtown, whereaswork lack of the the boundaries between the disciplines is a crucial factor for success.

And this termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin,only where she happened made her first studies.the In 1932 shea published an important study entitled: could have through use of common language between the services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth which Unemployment.

Thethe same year she left Germany and after continuous movements fields, would be one of mathematics.

In other words, it might be afor lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, point in she history where it’s not tectonics define In design, but actually design in According 1943 published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning.

1950 she teacher in the to another approach, the is due tobecame a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public action and informs tectonics and in that way it challenges engineering and science.

And long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. probably this could beetc., an for irony ofdepreciation our times, the fact that a discipline cannot and selling realCOLLINS estate, theCo initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification any longer challenge itself on its own, but only through the feedback of other Concerns disciplines.

Concludingly, it may be worth to recall Mies van der Rohe’s words

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS regarding the advancements that were taking place, back in the beginning of Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, the twentieth century. Even if By the architect’s words refer to Mr.great George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect industrialization, his ideas might be still relevant today: Student of the School of Architecture “The new era is a fact: it exists, irrespective of our “yes” or “no.”ofYet it Technical University Crete is neither better nor worse than any other era. [...] One thing will be decisive: Introductory the1.way we assert approach: ourselves Defining in the facethe ofconcept circumstance. Here the problems of 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the theANTISTHENIS, spirit begin. Thethe important question toconcept ask is not “what” but BC, “how.”

What ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC - 370 Athens), ANTISTHENIS, ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BCof-“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us,use he established a great the goods we produce orthe what tools we are not questions spiritual value. among wise us,definition he established aWe great the acquisition knowledge startshe with the of the content of“principle”: concepts. [...]

Yet itother isofjust theheritage question ofleft value that is decisive. must set up new acquisition of knowledge starts with the definition of the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term values, fix our ultimate goals so that we may establish standards. For what is 1 (and urban therefore, on any this “principle” inindicated a first, if (in notera final, approach, the term gentrification) is the area of Planning) (or gentrification rightBased, and significant for era — including the new — is this: to give the 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various spirit the opportunity for existence.”

Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative BIBLIOGRAPHY potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas Carpo, Mario.

The Alphabet and the Algorithm.

Cambridge, London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are Massachusetts: MIT Press, 2011. being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”.

ACarpo, description of this is included the Lynn work of(ed.), Sociologist Ruth Mario.

Tenphenomenon Years of Folding, in in Greg Folding in A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major Architecture, Architectural Design. Chichester, 1993 revised edition GLASS at the same period, similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, bywhile other Researchers.

Chichester: Wiley-Academy, 2004. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more Frampton, Kenneth.

Modern Architecture A Criticaland History.

Since then, the issue has several: below, scholars for various its Rev. more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized from the and enl. ed.

London: Thames and Hudson, 1985. comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: etphenomenon al. Interdisciplinary New of Lessons from interpretations the thecategory following: InKara, a sense,Hanif, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend ofDesign: a new social groups Architecture and Engineering.

Cambridge, MA: Barcelona: Harvard to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money University Graduate of Design, Actar, where 2012. work place is, lack of the and time to travel from School the purlieus to downtown, term from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth GLASS for wasbetter born sense1. ofThe safety atcomes the distributed residencies outside town centres, search Luca Caneparo.

Digital Fabrication in Architecture, Engineering andin Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Construction.

Dordrecht, Heidelberg, York, Springer, 2014.for Youth Unemployment.

The same year she left New Germany andLondon: after continuous movements lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private car access to markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and Neweasier York she cameDesign back to London, Menges, Achim, and Sean Ahlquist.

Computational Thinking. in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic Chichester, UK: ofJohn Wiley & she Sons, 2011. her social research. Her public actionand University College London, where continued and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student,

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Με ιδιαίτερη επιτυχία ολοκληρώθηκαν οι εργασίες της ενότητας Student of the School of Architecture ΤΟΠΙΚΕΣ ΔΟΜΕΣ ΚΑΙ ΑΝΑΠΤΥΞΗ τουMONEYοι SHOW 2017, καιενότητας του 3ου Με ιδιαίτερη επιτυχία ολοκληρώθηκαν εργασίες Technicalτης University of Crete

Forum ΔΟΜΕΣ Αυτοδιοίκησης καιτουMONEY Επιχειρηματικότητας, ΤΟΠΙΚΕΣ ΚΑΙ ΑΝΑΠΤΥΞΗ SHOW 2017, και του που 3ου πραγματοποιήθηκε την Κυριακή 8 Ιανουαρίου στο Ξενοδοχείο 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept Forum Αυτοδιοίκησης και Επιχειρηματικότητας, που 1. Introductory approach: Defining the conceptευθύνη HILTONτων Αθηνών υπό την επιστημονική της Επίκουρης ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC - 370Ξενοδοχείο BC, Athens), πραγματοποιήθηκε την Κυριακή 8 Ιανουαρίου στο ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), Καθηγήτριας του heritage Παντείου Πανεπιστημίου Κ.Π.Ε. κ. Βασιλικής among otherΑθηνών wise he us, he established a great the HILTONτων υπό τηνleft επιστημονική ευθύνη της Επίκουρης among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. ΔΕΛΗΘΕΟΥ. Καθηγήτριας του Παντείου Πανεπιστημίουof the Κ.Π.Ε. κ. ofΒασιλικής acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition content concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if not final, approach, the term ΔΕΛΗΘΕΟΥ. Στην εν1 (and λόγω ειδικοί διακεκριμμένοι Based, therefore, on ενότητα this “principle” inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term urban gentrification) is area ofΚαθηγητές Planning) (or gentrification 1 Πανεπιστημίων ανεφέρθησαν σε σειρά επίκαιρων θεμάτων ανάπτυξης gentrification (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or Sociology well), as the “refining” a city area, the removal from this, (in various Στην asεν λόγω ενότητα ofειδικοί διακεκριμμένοι Καθηγητές Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various σε τοπικό επίπεδο. ways), of social groups, usually ofσε low-income and the placement of artists, Πανεπιστημίων ανεφέρθησαν σειρά επίκαιρων θεμάτωνthere ανάπτυξης

ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the whatever otherανέπτυξαν consequences has, results θέματα: also rising of land prices (and the Ειδικότερα τα παρακάτω potential relative speculation). Ο Καθηγητής Σπ. ΒΛΙΑΜΟΣ, Κοσμήτωρ Πανεπιστημίου NEAΠOΛΙΣ potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to Πάφου και Ομότιμος Καθηγητής Εθνικού και Καποδιστριακού Ο Καθηγητής Σπ. ΒΛΙΑΜΟΣ, Πανεπιστημίου NEAΠOΛΙΣ The term gentrification iswealthy foundΚοσμήτωρ atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor Πανεπιστημίου Αθηνών τοwealthy θέμα:people "Επιχειρηματικότητα Τοπικών Πάφου και Ομότιμος Καθηγητής Εθνικού the then observed trend of to there buyκαι property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes and Καποδιστριακού thus old residents areof Δομών", οupgrade Αναπληρωτής Καθηγητής Στ. ΚΑΡΑΓΙΑΝΝΗΣ Παντείου London, them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are Πανεπιστημίου Αθηνών το θέμα: "Επιχειρηματικότητα Τοπικών being indirectly “squeezed”. Πανεπιστημίου Κ.Π.Ε. Αθηνών το θέμα: "Τοπικές Δομές, Περιβάλλον, being indirectly “squeezed”. Δομών", ο Αναπληρωτής Καθηγητής Στ. ΚΑΡΑΓΙΑΝΝΗΣ Παντείου A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth Τουρισμός", Αναπληρώτρια Καθηγήτρια Στ.

A description ofperiod, thisΑθηνών phenomenon is situations included inwere theΚΥΒΕΛΟΥ work ofΠεριβάλλον, Sociologist Ruth GLASS at theη same while similar recorded inΠαντείου other major Πανεπιστημίου Κ.Π.Ε. το θέμα: "Τοπικές Δομές, GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major Πανεπιστημίου Κ.Π.Ε. Αθηνών το θέμα: "Αν οι κυβερνούσαν cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. Τουρισμός", η Αναπληρώτρια Καθηγήτρια Στ.Δήμαρχοι ΚΥΒΕΛΟΥ Παντείου cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. τον κόσμο….Τοποκεντρική προσέγγιση της ανάπτυξης και τάσεις στον Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more Πανεπιστημίου Κ.Π.Ε. Αθηνών το θέμα: "Αν οι Δήμαρχοι κυβερνούσαν Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various αστικό σχεδιασμό", και ηπροσέγγιση Επίκουρη τηςΚαθηγήτρια Β. τάσεις ΔΕΛΗΘΕΟΥ τον κόσμο….Τοποκεντρική ανάπτυξης και στον comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: Παντείου Πανεπιστημίου Κ.Π.Ε. Αθηνών το θέμα: "Πολιτικές αστικό σχεδιασμό", η is Επίκουρη Καθηγήτρια Β. of ΔΕΛΗΘΕΟΥ interpretations of the και phenomenon of gentrification, thecategory following: In a sense, the phenomenon due to a trend of a new social groups επιμόρφωσης Αιρετών Τοπικών Δομών". Παντείου Κ.Π.Ε. θέμα: "Πολιτικές to “return” Πανεπιστημίου to the city, leaving the purlieusΑθηνών for severalτο reasons: high costs in money επιμόρφωσης Αιρετών Τοπικών Δομών". Κατάto travel την συζήτηση, που επακολούθησε των and time from the purlieus to downtown, where work placeδιαφόρων is, lack of the 1.of The term from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, Ruth search GLASS wasbetter born in senseΚατά safety atcomes theσυζήτηση, distributed residencies outside town centres, for εισηγήσεων, έγιναν πολλές παρεμβάσεις των 1912-1940. παρισταμένων ακροατών, πουIn 1932 επακολούθησε διαφόρων Berlin, whereτην she made her first studies. she published an των important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) εκ των αναφέρεται ενδεικτικώς ητων παρέμβαση του Καθηγητή Κ. for Youthοποίων Unemployment.

The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements εισηγήσεων, έγιναν πολλές παρεμβάσεις παρισταμένων ακροατών, lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private easier access to markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car NewΠαντείου York she came back to London, ΑΘΑΝΑΣΟΠΟΥΛΟΥ, Ομοτίμου Καθηγητού Πανεπιστημίου εκ των οποίων ενδεικτικώς η παρέμβαση του in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning.

In 1950 she teacherΚ. in the toαναφέρεται another approach, the is due tobecame aΚαθηγητή systematic and Κ.Π.Ε. Αθηνών και Διευθυντή Νομικής Πανεπιστημίου NEAΠOΛΙΣ University College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public action and ΑΘΑΝΑΣΟΠΟΥΛΟΥ, Ομοτίμου Καθηγητού Παντείου Πανεπιστημίου long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. Πάφου. Κ.Π.Ε. Αθηνών και etc., Διευθυντή Νομικής initially Πανεπιστημίου NEAΠOΛΙΣ and selling realCOLLINS estate, for theCodepreciation of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm Πάφου. a Gentrification: variety ways, in order Abstract. to achieve theεξής: “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually Οι επίofμέρους Εισηγήσεις έχουν ως operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of σεthe τοπικό επίπεδο. παρακάτω θέματα: this “change”, regardless of theΕιδικότερα operation of ανέπτυξαν art galleries, τα restaurants, etc. However

Οι επί μέρους Εισηγήσεις έχουν ως εξής:

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Επιχειρηματικότητα Τοπικών Δομών: GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Ενεργοποίηση Ενδογενούς Δυναμικού Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns Του κ. Σπύρ. ΒΛΙΑΜΟΥ Κοσμήτορος, Σχολής Οικονομικών και Διοίκησης

Πανεπιστήμιο Νεάπολις Πάφου

By Mr. George-Sp. ATHANASOPOULOS Ομότ. Καθηγητ. Πολιτικής Οικονομίας καιC.Επιχειρηματικότητας, Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, Ε.Κ.Π.Α.

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Student of the School of Architecture Υπάρχουν γεγονότα στην καθημερινή οικονομική ζωή τα οποία είναι πολύ Technical University of Crete δύσκολο να ερμηνευθούν ή ερμηνεύονται σε περιορισμένη έκταση. Για παράδειγμα, κατά τη δεκαετία του 1980 είχε παρατηρηθεί μια σημαντική μείωση του ρυθμού 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept ανάπτυξης της Βρετανικής οικονομίας. Αυτή αποδόθηκε στο γεγονός ότι οι ρυθμοί 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 ANTISTHENIS, Greek στην philosopher, BC - 370 BC, Athens), μεταβολής των μισθώνthe καιancient ημερομισθίων οικονομία αυτή ήταν υψηλότεροι από ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great “principle”: the τους ρυθμούς αύξησης της παραγωγικότητας της οικονομίας με αποτέλεσμα την among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great “principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with the definition of the content of concepts. μείωση της ανταγωνιστικότητας της και την απώλεια θέσεων εργασίας άρα και την acquisition of knowledge starts with the definition of the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term επιβράδυνση της οικονομικής της ανάπτυξης. Το ερώτημα που τίθεται εδώ είναι για 1 (and urban on this “principle” inindicated aπολύ first, υψηλοί; if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) is area ofοιPlanning) (or gentrification ποιόBased, λόγο οιtherefore, αυξήσεις των μισθών ήταν τόσο Μήπως εργαζόμενοι 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city the removal fromπιεζόμενοι this, (in various (ορθολογικά ενεργούντες και αυτοί, ωςarea, οικονομικά όντα) από Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityμόνο area, removal from this, of (inartists, various καταπιεστικές εργατικές ενώσεις ταthe βραχυχρόνια συμφέροντά τους ways), of social groups, usually ofφρόντιζαν low-income and the placement there ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, στην οικονομίαofπαραβλέποντας την μακροχρόνια ευημερία ή μήπως οφείλετο the operation art galleries, restaurants, etc. However thisτους, “change”, regardless of the δυσκαμψίες operation ofτης artαγοράς galleries, restaurants, etc.also However this regardless στις ή τέλος στο γεγονός τωνrising υψηλών επιδομάτων ανεργίας; whatever other consequences has, results of “change”, land prices (and theof Ακόμα πως ερμηνεύεται το γεγονός ότιresults οικονομίες Γερμανία, Ιαπωνία whatever other consequences has, also όπως risingηof land prices (andκαι the potential relative speculation). ΗΠΑ παρουσίασαν κατά την ίδια περίοδο μια πολύ δυναμική εικόνα στην παγκόσμια potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to οικονομία παρά το ότι είχανofένα υψηλότερο μισθών και ημερομισθίων The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople firstμέσο in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend toεπίπεδο buy property in poor από την Βρετανία; Μήπως λοιπόν δεν ήταν οι υψηλοί μισθοί που προκάλεσαν τοof the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are πρόβλημα αλλά τα εργαλεία με βάση τα οποία επιχειρήθηκε η ερμηνεία του London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. φαινομένου αυτού“squeezed”. δεν ήταν επαρκή να βοηθήσουν στην ανάλυσή του; Μήπως πλέον being indirectly A description of thisκαι phenomenon is included in the work Sociologistυπόψη Ruth σημαντικό ρόλο έπαιξαν άλλοι παράγοντες οι οποίοι όμως δενofof ελήφθησαν A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the work Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar recorded in other major γιατί το αντιπροσωπευτικό οικονομικό μοντέλο που προτείνεται για την ερμηνεία GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by Παράγοντες, other Researchers. τους δεν τους περιλαμβάνει; όπως η οργάνωση της παραγωγής, το cities in Western countries, by other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more επίπεδο της κατάρτισης, οι πρακτικές της εργασίας και οι συμπεριφορές των Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from οικονομούντων ατόμων. comprehensive approach summarized from various interpretations the phenomenon of gentrification, thebelow, following: Ακόμα έναofάλλο επεισόδιοare απόbeing την πλούσια οικονομική ιστορία τουthe αιώνα που interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: πέρασε. Στις πρώτες δεκαετίες isτου αιώνα το θέμα της of ανάπτυξης είχε In a sense, the phenomenon dueεικοστού to a trend of a new category social groups επικεντρωθεί στην επάρκεια καιpurlieus διαχείριση των φυσικών μιαςin money χώρας. to “return” to the city, leaving the for several reasons:πόρων high costs Σύμφωνα μεtravel τη θεώρηση αυτή, η Αργεντινή και η Ινδία είχανwork καλύτερες and time to from the purlieus to downtown, where place αναπτυξιακές is, lack of the προοπτικές από την Ιαπωνία, την Σιγκαπούρη ή την Κορέα. Η εμπειρία βεβαίως έχειin termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS wasbetter born sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, for Berlin, where she made her first studies.

In 1932 she published an important studyπηγών entitled: καταδείξει ότι η επάρκεια και η καλή διαχείριση των πλουτοπαραγωγικών services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”,movements (possibly)for Youth Unemployment.

Theθέση, sameμορφολογία year she left εδάφους, Germany and after continuous (υπέδαφος, γεωγραφική επάρκεια κεφαλαίου, διαθέσιμο lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back to London, εργατικό δυναμικό) αποτελούν μέχρι σήμερα έναν βασικό παράγοντα ανάπτυξης αν in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and σκεφθούμε τη θέση των κρατών της Αφρικής σε σχέση με αυτών της Ευρώπης. Μετά University College of London, where she continued her social research. Her public action and

long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: Εισήγηση, Show, 3o Αυτοδιοίκησης και Επιχειρηματικότητας: Τοπικές Δομές G.Money ALEXANDRI: Abstract. http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order toForum achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

τον Β΄ Παγκόσμιο Πόλεμο βασικός παράγοντας για την ανάπτυξη θεωρήθηκε η συσσώρευση κεφαλαίου. Στη δεκαετία του 1960, καθώς η εμπειρία διέψευδε τις προσδοκίες ολοένα και περισσότερο, το βάρος έπεσε στον ανθρώπινο παράγοντα, στην εκπαίδευση, την υγεία κλπ., δηλαδή στο ανθρώπινο κεφάλαιο. Ήδη από την αρχή της δεκαετίας αυτής, διεθνούς φήμης οικονομολόγοι τόνιζαν ότι η σωστή αναπτυξιακή πολιτική δεν σημαίνει την αύξηση ή και παρουσία ενός ή περισσότερων συντελεστών παραγωγής (έδαφος, εργασία, κεφάλαιο), αλλά την κινητοποίηση κυρίως του ανθρώπινου δυναμικούBy που βρίσκεται C. σεATHANASOPOULOS υπολανθάνουσα (ή Mr. George-Sp. λανθάνουσα) κατάσταση. Σήμερα ακόμα περισσότερο που βρισκόμαστε ακόμη στην Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, αρχή της νέας χιλιετίας, έχει δημιουργηθεί μια νέα εποχή η οποία ορθώς

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect χαρακτηρίζεται ως Κοινωνία της Γνώσης. Η πρόοδος στις of Τεχνολογίες Student the SchoolΠληροφορικής of Architecture και Τηλεπικοινωνιών έχει ξεπεράσει όλες τις προσδοκίεςTechnical και το σλόγκαν ‘η of γνώση University Crete είναι δύναμη’ βρίσκει σήμερα περισσότερο από ποτέ άλλοτε την ουσιαστική εφαρμογή του. Αντίθετα λοιπόν με τη βιομηχανική 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept εποχή όταν τα στοιχεία που 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept δημιουργούσαν πλούτο είχαν φυσική υπόσταση (έδαφος,(444 εργασία, σήμερα ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC - κεφάλαιο) 370 BC, Athens), αυτάANTISTHENIS, που δημιουργούνthe πλούτο είναι στην ουσία άυλα. Η οικονομική ανάπτυξη ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the βασίζεται πρωταρχικά στις πληροφορίες την τεχνολογία και στην among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition heκαι established a greatκαθώς acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content of“principle”: concepts. the παραγωγή και διάχυση της γνώσης. η παραγωγή βασίζεται στην acquisition of knowledge starts with theΠράγματι, the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” indefinition a με first, if of not final, approach, the term τεχνολογία και τεχνογνωσία και σύμφωνα εκτιμήσεις περίπου το 70% των 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification εργαζομένων στις αναπτυγμένες οικονομίες είναι εργαζόμενοι στους κλάδους αυτούς 1 gentrification (and urban gentrification) isarea, indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology well), as the “refining” of ηa city the removal (in various και, όπως as σωστά έχει παρατηρηθεί, δουλειά τους βασίζεται περισσότερο στα Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of τους socialπαρά groups, usually low-income placement there of artists, κεφάλια στα χέρια ofτους. Σε αυτόand το the περιβάλλον του αυξανόμενου ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andδύσκολο thethis placement of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”, regardless of παγκόσμιου ανταγωνισμού καθίσταται ιδιαίτερα για τηνthere Ευρώπη να the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof ανταγωνισθεί βασιζόμενη σε παραγωγές χαμηλού κόστους. Οι ραγδαίες τεχνολογικές whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices the μεταβολές στην παγκόσμια αγορά απαιτούν αστραπιαίες προσαρμογές στις (and εθνικές potential relative speculation). potential speculation). αγορές καιrelative καθιστούν την is ανάπτυξη βασική προϋπόθεση The term gentrification found atκαινοτομιών first in the UK in early 1960s and επιβίωσης. it refers to The term gentrification found atτης firstγνώσης in the UK in early and (το itareas refers Μέσα λοιπόν στο πλαίσιο της κοινωνίας η έννοια του 1960s επιχειρείν οποίο the then observed trend ofis wealthy people to buy property in poor ofto the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas και την αντικατάσταση των παλαιών μεθόδων με νέες συνδέεται με την καινοτομία London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof πρακτικές) έχει πολύ μεγάλη για την ανάπτυξη.

London, upgrade them, stayσημασία themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. Η έννοια της ανάπτυξης ταυτίζεται δηλαδή σταδιακά την αύξησηRuth της being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work με of Sociologist παραγωγικότητας των συντελεστών παραγωγής που προϋποθέτει την: A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major (α) at ενεργοποίηση των κοινωνικών και situations οικονομικών φορέων για ανάληψη GLASS the same period, were recorded in other νέων major cities in Western countries, bywhile othersimilar Researchers. δραστηριοτήτων (κοινωνική κινητικότητα), cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more (β) θεσμική καιissue οργανωτική ανασυγκρότηση των scholars αναπτυξιακών φορέων για Since then, the has preoccupied several andthe for its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from various την έγκαιρη και αποτελεσματική λήψη αποφάσεων και υλοποίηση της πολιτικής και comprehensive approach are being summarized from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thebelow, following: (γ) αναδιάρθρωση και διεύρυνση της παραγωγικής βάσης μέσα από την interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: In a sense, theτεχνολογικής phenomenon is dueγνωστικής to a trend of a new categoryτου of social groups προώθηση της και δυναμικότητας οικονομικού to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money συστήματος. and time to travel the purlieus to downtown, where workπολιτικής place is, lack of the Η νέα αυτή from αντίληψη περί ανάπτυξης και αναπτυξιακής επηρέασε, term from Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth GLASS for was born sense ofThe safety atcomes the distributed residencies outside town centres, search όσο και την άσκηση πολιτικής. Ωςbetter προςin όπως1.ήταν φυσικό, τόσο τη Sociologist θεωρητική σκέψη Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: προεκτάσεις τηςentertainment αντίληψης αυτής θα μπορούσε να επισημάνει κανείς τις θεωρητικές services of health, education, “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for την άποψη όπως εκφραστεί απόprivate πολλούς διακεκριμένους μελετητές της lower living cost of, έχει “withdrawal” from access markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, αναπτυξιακής διαδικασίας, ότιregarding η κρατούσα οικονομική δεν προσφέρει τα in According 1943 she published studies cityphenomenon planning.

In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the isθεωρία due a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public action and κατάλληλα θεωρητικά εργαλεία για την μελέτη της νέας αυτής προσέγγισης. Ως προς long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her σχεδιασμό work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. θεμελιώνεται στην τον και εφαρμογή της depreciation οικονομικής πολιτικής, and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for the initially of αυτή part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Co Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: υπόθεση ότι οι κοινωνίες μπορούν να αναπτύξουν συγκριτικά πλεονεκτήματα τα G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually οποία δημιoυργoύνται μάλλον από την ενεργοποίηση του πληθυσμού τους, παρά 115 2521 11

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

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δωρίζονται από τη φύση. Η υπόθεση αυτή για την ανάπτυξη συγκριτικών πλεoνεκτημάτων στην οικονομία μετατρέπει σε ουδέτερους τους εκτός αυτής παράγοντες. Τούτο σημαίνει ότι η αναπτυξιακή διαδικασία δεν μπορεί πλέον να βασίζεται εξ’ ολοκλήρου σε παράγοντες που έχουν σχέση με την χωροθέτηση της τοπικής οικονομίας και τον εξοπλισμό της σε φυσικούς πόρους, ή στην τρέχουσα διάρθρωση της παραγωγής, ούτε στις διακυμάνσεις της ενεργού ζήτησης εκτός της συγκεκριμένης τοπικής οικονομίας, όπως η κρατούσα θεωρία προβλέπει. Πέρα λοιπόν από τη θεωρητική της George-Sp. διάσταση, ηC.νέα αντίληψη για την

By Mr. ATHANASOPOULOS αναπτυξιακή διαδικασία πρέπει να εκφραστεί και με προώθηση νέων επιχειρημάτων Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, και θεωριών, νέων πολιτικών και προγραμμάτων, με στόχο την κινητοποίηση των

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect παραγωγικών συντελεστών και την ανάληψη επιχειρηματικών πρωτοβουλιών. Η Student of the School of Architecture συγκεκριμένη πολιτική, ευρύτερα γνωστή ως πολιτική Technical για την Ενεργοποίηση του University of Crete Ενδογενούς Δυναμικού (Ε.Ε.Δ.) της τοπικής οικονομίας, προωθείται προς τρεις συγκεκριμένες κατευθύνσεις : Defining the concept 1. Introductory approach: 1.

Introductory approach: the concept (444(entrepreneurship) (α) πολιτική για αύξηση της επιχειρηματικότητας μέσα ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, BC - 370 BC, Athens), από ANTISTHENIS, προγράμματα αλλαγής νοοτροπιών και δημιουργίας κινήτρων. Η αύξηση της the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the επιχειρηματικότητας, θα εκδηλωθεί σε τοπικό επίπεδο με τη μορφή ανάληψης νέων among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the δραστηριοτήτων από επιχειρήσεις (ιδιαίτερα μικρού και μεσαίου μεγέθους), acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition of the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if not final, approach, the term (β) πολιτική για αύξηση της παραγωγικότητας, δηλαδή αύξησης της απόδοσης 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term (and urban gentrification) is indicated (inπαράγοντα. the area of Planning) (or gentrification των συντελεστών παραγωγής και κυρίως του ανθρώπινου 1 (and gentrification urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or Sociology well), asγια theτην “refining” of aάλλων city area, the removal from this,εξαρτώνται (in various (γ) as πολιτική ενίσχυση πρωτοβουλιών που δεν Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually ofδράση. low-income and the placement there of artists, αποκλειστικά από επιχειρηματική ways), of social groups, of low-income and και thethis placement there artists, the operation art galleries, restaurants, etc. However regardless of Τόσο η of αύξηση τηςusually επιχειρηματικότητας όσο η “change”, προώθηση τωνofλοιπών the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever otherδεν consequences has, resultsκαι also rising of land (and theof πρωτοβουλιών στοχεύουν αναγκαστικά μονοδιάστατα στηprices μεγιστοποίηση whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the του κέρδους, όπωςspeculation). η νεοκλασική θεωρία προβλέπει. Η αύξηση της απασχόλησης, η potential relative potential relative speculation). επέκταση της δημιουργικότητας ή τηςatτεχνογνωσίας, οιin καινοτομίες, προώθηση The term gentrification is found first in the UK early 1960sηand it refersτης to The term gentrification iswealthy found atτου firstφυσικού in the UK early 1960s and itareas refersofto κοινωνικής συνεργασίας, βελτίωση καιin κοινωνικού περιβάλλοντος the then observed trendη of people to buy property in poor the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas αποτελούν παράλληλους στόχους της πολιτικής Ε.Ε.Δ. Επομένως η πολιτική αυτή London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof μπορεί να προσλάβει πολλές μορφές που διαφοροποιούνται μεταξύ τους και ως προς London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. τοbeing στόχο της παρέμβασης και ως προς τα κριτήρια αποδοτικότητας indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth (ιδιωτικοοικονομικά κοινωνικά κριτήρια).

A description ofήperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major Δεν at είναι τυχαίο λοιπόν while ότι μίαsimilar από τιςsituations εφαρμογές της recorded πολιτικήςin Ε.Ε.Δ. αφορά GLASS the same period, were other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. την άσκηση μιας συνεχώς εξελισσόμενης περιφερειακής πολιτικής η οποία αποβλέπει cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more στηνSince άρση then, των διαπεριφερειακών ανισοτήτων και την προώθηση της συνοχής όχι the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for various its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the μόνο μέσα από την ανακατανομή των πόρων όπως παραδοσιακά προέβλεπε η comprehensive approach are being summarized from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thebelow, following: οικονομική θεωρία, αλλά κυρίως μέσα από την κινητοποίηση του παραγωγικού interpretations of the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, the phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups δυναμικού κάθε περιφέρειας. to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus reasons: high Η προσέγγιση αυτή κατέστη αναγκαίαfor γιαseveral δύο κυρίως λόγους : costs in money and time travel from the purlieus downtown, where work placeτου is, lack of the (α)to κάτω από συνθήκες ύφεσηςtoκαι διευρυμένων ελλειμμάτων ευρύτερου 1.of The term from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS was born in sense safety atcomes the residencies outside town centres, better δημόσιου τομέα η distributed διαπεριφερειακή ανακατανομή (μεταφορά) πόρωνfor γινόταν Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: πολιτικά καιhealth, οικονομικά αδύνατη, ενώ services of education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for (β) η αντιμετώπιση τωνPrague, διαρθρωτικών προβλημάτων του ευρύτερου δημόσιου lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private car access to markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, London and Neweasier York she came back to London, τομέα επέβαλε την αποσυγκέντρωση του διοικητικού τη στήριξη της in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In μηχανισμού, 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public action and τοπικής αυτοδιοίκησης και τη δημιουργία νέων θεσμών συμμετοχής και κοινωνικού long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by aηpassion for justice.

See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. διαλόγου. Με αυτό το τρόπο πολιτική ΕΕΔ συνδυάζεται μεthe τηνurban ενδυνάμωση and selling real estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially ofάμεσα part of web, in 10th edit. Wil. COLLINS SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: αποσυγκεντρωμένων και Abstract. αποκεντρωμένων φορέων διοίκησης και ανάπτυξης, οι Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm aτων variety of ways, in order to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

οποίοι αποκτούν και λειτουργικά συγκεκριμένο ρόλο στην άσκηση αναπτυξιακής πολιτικής. Η διεθνής βιβλιογραφία υποστηρίζει ότι η διαδικασία για την ενεργοποίηση του ενδογενούς δυναμικού βασίζεται σε τρεις ομάδες ενεργειών, η σειρά των οποίων όμως ποικίλει ανάλογα με την μορφή του προβλήματος στην συγκεκριμένη τοπική οικονομία και τις δυνατότητες που έχει αυτή να αναπτυχθεί. Οι τρεις αυτοί άξονες πολιτικής είναι: (1) Η Παροχή πληροφόρησης, By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS (2) Η Πρόκληση κοινωνικής δηλαδή δημιουργία Harvard«κινητικότητας», University, Graduate School of Design, Student, ενδιαφέροντος και γνώσης και

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect (3) Η Προσφορά κεφαλαίων.

Student of the School of Architecture Απ’ αυτούς οι (1) και (2) στοχεύουν στην αφύπνιση του πληθυσμού, ώστε να Technical University of Crete μπορέσει να πάρει πρωτοβουλίες. Ο πληθυσμός θα βοηθηθεί με παροχή πληροφοριών μέσα από εκπαιδευτικά και προγράμματα επαγγελματικής 1. Introductory approach:προγράμματα Defining the concept 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept εκπαίδευσης, καθώς και προγράμματα εισαγωγής νέων τεχνολογιών, μπορεί ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC - 370ώστε BC,να Athens), να εντοπίσει την υπάρχουσα επενδυτική ευκαιρία ή να δημιουργήσει άλλη. Η ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the δραστηριότητα (3) όμως αποβλέπει στην συμπλήρωση και υποστήριξη των δύο among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the προηγουμένων. Το Εμπορικό Τραπεζικό Σύστημα με τα content παραδοσιακά εργαλεία acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition of the of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if not final, approach, the term αδυνατεί να στηρίξει τις δραστηριότητες αυτές, δεδομένου ότι ο κίνδυνος πολλές 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term (and urban gentrification) is indicated (inτις theπερισσότερες area of Planning) gentrification φορές είναι μεγάλος, δε απόδοση καθυστερεί. Εξ’ άλλου φορές(or οι 1 (andηurban gentrification gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as theδεν “refining” of για a city the removalτης from this, (in various εμπράγματες ασφάλειες επαρκούν μίαarea, χρηματοδότηση μορφής αυτής όχι Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andμεγάλης the placement there ofγιατί artists, γιατί απαιτούνται μεγάλα κεφάλαια και επομένως εγγύησης αλλά οι ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”,there regardless of εξασφαλίσεις είναι λίγες έως ανύπαρκτες. the operation ofτης art galleries, restaurants, etc.also However this regardless whatever other consequences has, results rising of “change”, land prices (and theof Η αύξηση απασχόλησης στην οικονομία αποτελεί ένα σημαντικό στόχο whatever other consequences has, results also rising ofτων land prices (and the οικονομικής πολιτικής που συνδέεται άμεσα με την λειτουργία αγορών εργασίας. potential relative speculation). potential relative speculation). τονisστόχο στις αλλά 1960s και τοπικές αγορές TheΠροσδιορίζοντας term gentrification found αυτόν at first in theεθνικές UK in early and it refers to The term gentrification found at first παράγοντες in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto εργασίας, αναφερόμαστε στους εκείνους που εξειδικεύουν the then observed trendουσιαστικά ofiswealthy people to buy property in poor the then observed trend people toτων buyθέσεων property in poor areas τις ενέργειες και τις πρακτικές μεwealthy στόχο την αύξηση εργασίας.

London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof Παρά τις ιδιαιτερότητες που διαφοροποιούν τις αγορές εργασίας από London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. περιφέρεια σε περιφέρεια, υπάρχει μία ενιαία προσέγγιση της απασχόλησης στο being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth πλαίσιο της πολιτικής. και εφαρμόζοντας την A description ofperiod, this phenomenon isΑναπτύσσοντας included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at theαναπτυξιακής same while similar situations in other major προσέγγιση αυτή ενεργοποιούμε τουςsimilar καθοριστικούς παράγοντες που θα επιδράσουν GLASS at the same period, while situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. στην αγορά εργασίας, κυρίως by μέσα απόResearchers. την ενεργοποίηση του ενδογενούς δυναμικού, cities in Western countries, other Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more δηλαδή: Since then, the issue has preoccupied several below, scholars and for various its more comprehensive approach are being summarized from την ευαισθητοποίηση του πληθυσμού, την κινητοποίηση του the ανθρώπινου comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: παράγοντα, και τον σχεδιασμό μίας στρατηγικής. interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: In aΚατά sense, theσχεδιασμό phenomenon is due toπολιτικής a trend ofγια a new of απασχόλησης social groups τον μιας τέτοιας την category αύξηση της to to the city,πλέον leavingδεν theπρέπει purlieus several reasons: high τους costs σκληρούς in money τα“return” μέσα υλοποίησης ναfor περιλαμβάνουν μόνον and time(hard to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place αλλά is, lack the πόρους resources) δηλαδή κονδύλια, γη, ακίνητα και εξοπλισμός, καιofτους 1.of The term from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS wasbetter born in sense safety atcomes the distributed residencies outside townδυναμικό centres, for μαλακούς πόρους (soft resources) δηλαδή ανθρώπινο και ανθρώπινη Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: συνεργασία, τεχνογνωσία, αξιοποίηση κεκτημένης τέλος προγράμματα services of health, education, entertainment “at εμπειρίας the heart και of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for κατάρτισης και άλλα σχετικά. Θα μπορούσαμε επομένως να θεωρήσουμε ότι οetc. μέχρι lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back to London, where τώρα παραμεληθείς παράγων ‘επιχειρηματικό και ευρύτερο οικονομικό περιβάλλον’ in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning.

In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public action and με την έννοια της διαθεσιμότητας των δεξιοτήτων του πληθυσμού, καθίσταται πλέον long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her workαναπτυξιακός are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. βασικός and selling realCOLLINS estate, παράγοντας. etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: Είναιofπροφανές ότι γιαAbstract. ενεργοποίηση του ενδογενούς δυναμικού είναι G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety ways, in order toτην achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually απαραίτητη η κινητοποίηση του ιδιωτικού τομέα, του δημόσιου τομέα, (Διοίκηση, 117 2521 11

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

Αυτοδιοίκηση), καθώς και νέων θεσμών και φορέων ‘μικτού’ τύπου (ενδιάμεσοι αναπτυξιακοί φορείς με συμμετοχή εκπροσώπων από τους παραγωγικούς φορείς) όπως έχει δείξει η θετική εμπειρία σε άλλες χώρες της Κοινότητας, που αποδεικνύουν τη σημαντική αναπτυξιακή δυναμική, παρά τη γενικότερη οικονομική κρίση (παραδείγματα: Baden Wuerttemberg, Wales, Lombardia, Catalonia, κ.α). Ειδικά για την Ελλάδα, ενώ υπάρχουν σχετικές μελέτες που αναφέρονται στις πολιτικές ενεργoπoίησης του ενδογενούς δυναμικού από πλευράς ιδιωτικού τομέα, οι μελέτες και αναλύσεις για το ρόλο που By έχειMr. ή στον οποίο καλείται να ανταποκριθεί η George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Τοπική Αυτοδιοίκηση είναι περιορισμένες.

Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, Η συμβολή που μπορεί να έχει η By Τοπική Αυτοδιοίκηση ενεργοποίηση του Mr. George-Sp. C.στην ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect ενδογενούς δυναμικού θεωρείται ιδιαίτερα σημαντική.

Student of the School of Architecture Στις δύο τελευταίες δεκαετίες με την κρίση του κυρίαρχου μοντέλου ανάπτυξης Technical University of Crete και αναδιανομής, αναδιατάσσεται η σχέση κεντρικού – τοπικού κράτους και ενδυναμώνονται τάσεις Defining αποκέντρωσης αρμοδιοτήτων και πόρων προς 1. Introductoryοιapproach: the concept 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept περιφερειακούς και τοπικούς θεσμούς. Η τάση αυτή εμφανίζεται χώρες ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC - όχι 370μόνο BC, σε Athens), στις ANTISTHENIS, οποίες ιστορικά έχουν ήδη διαμορφωθεί ισχυρές αποκεντρωμένες διοικητικές the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the δομές διοίκησης και τοπικής αυτοδιοίκησης (όπως η Γερμανία, Δανία κ.α), αλλά και σε among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a great acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content of“principle”: concepts. the χώρες με παράδοση σε συγκεντρωμένα συστήματαofδιοίκησης (όπως η Γαλλία: acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a του first, if not final, approach, the term μεταρρύθμιση για αποκέντρωση στη δεκαετία ‘80).

1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term (and gentrification) is indicated (in the of Planning) (or gentrification Παράλληλα, ο urban ρόλος της αποκεντρωμένης διοίκησης στιςarea χώρες της Ευρώπης, 1 (and gentrification urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or Sociology well), as the of a city area, the fromτης this,Κοινότητας (in various ενισχύθηκεasκαι από το “refining” πλαίσιο διαμόρφωσης τωνremoval πολιτικών Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, of low-income the placement of artists, (περιφερειακή πολιτική,usually κοινωνική πολιτική,and κ.λ.π.), τα οποίαthere ευνοούν την ways), of social groups, of low-income and placement of artists, the operation of ρόλου art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”,there regardless of αναβάθμιση του τωνusually περιφερειών (Εurope of thethe Regions). the operation ofόμως art galleries, etc.

However regardless whatever other consequences has, results risingthis of “change”, land prices (and theof Θα πρέπει εδώ να restaurants, τονίσουμε ότι οιalso πολιτικές της Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης, whatever otherspeculation). consequences results also rising of landαναδιανομής prices (andτων the για την περιφερειακή ανάπτυξη, δενhas, περιορίζονται μόνο σε στόχους potential relative potential relative πόρων ανάμεσα σεspeculation). «πλούσιες» καιat«φτωχές» αλλά and κατευθύνονται The term gentrification is found first in theπεριφέρειες, UK in early 1960s it refers to The term gentrification found first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto παράλληλα στην ενεργοποίηση τουatpeople ενδογενούς δυναμικού (π.χ. Πρόγραμμα the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas Προώθησης Επιχειρηματικότητας, Τοπικών Αναπτυξιακών Πρωτοβουλιών, σύνδεσης London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof Πανεπιστημίων - them, Επιχειρήσεων, Πολιτική Ανθρώπινων Πόρων, κ.λ.π). are Η London, upgrade stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents being indirectly “squeezed”. συμπληρωματική αυτή κατεύθυνση είναι καίριας σημασίας, ιδιαίτερα σε περίοδο being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth ύφεσης, και διευρυμένων όπως η εποχή που διανύουμε A description ofperiod, thisδημοσιονομικών phenomenon isελλειμμάτων, included inwere the work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar situations recorded in other major σήμερα.

GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. Ηin Western εφαρμογήcountries, λοιπόν της νέας Researchers. αυτής πολιτικής απαιτεί, την συστηματική cities bypreoccupied other Since then, the issue has several και scholars and for its more ανάλυση του φάσματος των αρμοδιοτήτων δραστηριοτήτων της Since then, the issue has preoccupied several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach are being summarized from αποκεντρωμένης Διοίκησης ιδιαίτερα στο περιφερειακό επίπεδο, και ο εντοπισμός comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon gentrification, following: και ιεράρχησή τους όσον αφορά στην of ενεργοποίηση τουthe ενδογενούς δυναμικού.

interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money Βιβλιογραφία and timeHodgson, to travel from purlieus and to downtown, where work placefor is, lack of the G.M.: the Economics Institutions, A Manifesto a Modern 1.of The term from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense safety atcomes the distributed residencies outside town centres, Institutional Economics, Polity Press, Cambridge 2005 Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Kay, J.: Η Αλήθεια για τις Αγορές. Γιατί λίγες Χώρες είναι πλούσιες και πολλές Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for παραμένουν φτωχές, Εκδόσεις ΚΡΙΤΙΚΗ, Αθήνα lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private car access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and2007 Neweasier York she came to back to London, in According 1943North, she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning.

In 1950 sheto became teacher in the D.C.: Θεσμοί, Θεσμική Αλλαγή και Οικονομική Επίδοση, Εκδόσεις to another approach, the is due a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public action and ΠΑΠΑΖΗΣΗ, Αθήνα 2006 long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

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Τοπικές Δομές, Περιβάλλον, Τουρισμός GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Του κ. Στέφ. ΚΑΡΑΓΙΑΝΝΗ Αναπληρ. Καθηγητού Παντείου Πανεπιστημίου Κ.Π.Ε.

Concerns

Μορφές τουρισµού Η Ελλάδα συγκεντρώνει άριστες προϋποθέσεις για την ανάπτυξη

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, ευρείας κλίµακας µορφών αγροτουρισµού, λόγω των πολλών και ποικίλων

By Mr. πλεονεκτηµάτων, George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect φυσικών και ανθρωπογενών συγκριτικών όπως είναι: of the School of Architecture η µεγάλη οικιστική διασπορά και δηStudent η διασπορά των ορεινών και Technical University Crete ηµιορεινών οικισµών εκ των οποίων µεγάλο ποσοστό ανήκει of στους λεγόµενους “παραδοσιακούς οικισµούς” και οι οποίοι έχουν πλούσια 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept αρχιτεκτονική, ιστορική και πολιτιστική παράδοση 1. Introductory approach: the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, η συγκρότηση των νησιών σε “πολυνησιακά συµπλέγµατα”, σταAthens), οποία ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the υφίσταται ακόµα ένα πλήθος “παραδοσιακών οικισµών” και “παραδοσιακών among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the ασχολιών”, µε εντελώς διαφορετικά χαρακτηριστικά από το ένα σύµπλεγµα acquisition of knowledge starts with the the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” indefinition a first, if of not final, approach, the term στο άλλο, τόσο στο Αιγαίο όσο και στο Ιόνιο πέλαγος 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term (or gentrification (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) 1 (and urban η διασπορά της μνημειακής τοπογραφίας, τόσο σε επίπεδο gentrification gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ανθρωπογενών ιστορικών και αρχαιολογικών μνημείων όσο και σε επίπεδο Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, φυσικών εδαφικών μνημείων ways), of-social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”,there regardless of η εναλλαγή του κάλλους των φυσικών τοπίων, τόσο από την άποψη the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and της theof ποικιλίας των ειδών της χλωρίδας όσο και από άποψη των prices γεωμορφικών whatever other consequences has, results alsoτην rising of land (and the potential relative speculation). σχηματισμών και του συνολικού των potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is foundανάγλυφου at first in the UKτοπίων in early 1960s and it refers to The gentrification found atpeople firstως in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto η term γεωμορφολογική αντίθεση, των the then observed trend ofiswealthy toαπόρροια buy property in διαφορετικών poor the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas κλιματολογικών συνθηκών, οι οποίες κλιματολογικές συνθήκες αποτελούν London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof London, upgrade them,διαμόρφωσης stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are σημαντικό παράγοντα των “ανθρώπινων χαρακτήρων” και των being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”. τοπικών πολιτιστικών A description of thisπαραδόσεων. phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth AΤούτα description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the του workελλαδικού of Sociologist Ruth φυσικά συγκριτικά πλεονεκτήματα GLASS at theτα same while similar recorded in otherχώρου, major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major οφείλουν να αξιοποιήσουν σύνεση, γνώση και σεβασμό οι έλληνες αγρότες, cities in Western countries, byμεother Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied otherτου Researchers. στο πλαίσιο της φιλοσοφίας αγροτουρισμού, καιand ναforασκήσουν Since then, the issue has several scholars its more Since then, the issue has several below, scholars and for its more δραστηριότητες που θα προσαυξήσουν το αγροτικό εισόδημά τους μέσα από comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized from the various comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: την ανάδειξη του φυσικού περιβάλλοντος του τόπου τους και μέσα από την interpretations of the phenomenon gentrification, the following: In a sense, phenomenon is dueof toστοιχείων. a trend of aΜε new category of αίσθημα social groups ανάδειξη τωνthe τοπικών πολιτισμικών κυρίαρχο το της to “return” toκαι the city, the purlieus for several reasons: /high costs in money φιλοξενίας της leaving ευγένειας προς τους επισκέπτες τουρίστες, που and time to travel purlieus toκαι downtown, where work place is, lack of the αναζητούν κοντάfrom τουςthe ανάπαυση ψυχική γαλήνη, ψυχαγωγία, τρόπους 1.

The term comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth GLASS was born sense of safety at the distributed residencies outside town centres, search for better άθλησης και υγιεινής ζωής, φυσιολατρία και θρησκευτική κατάνυξη, επαφή μεin Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) αρχέγονες εθιμικές The εκδηλώσεις πολιτιστικά δρώμενα κ.λπ., movements οι έλληνεςfor Youth Unemployment. same year και she left Germany and after continuous lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private easier access markets, etc. studies and research Prague, London and car New York she came to back to London, where αγρότες μπορούν ναGeneva, οργανώσουν ποικίλες μορφές αγροτουρισμού, πέραν in 1943 she published studies regarding city planning.

In 1950 she became teacher in the According to another approach, the phenomenon is due to a systematic and εκείνων που σχετίζονται με τη διαμονή και την εστίαση, χωρίς να τους University College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public action and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: σημεία Εισήγησης , http://www.uncanny.net/ Money Show, 3o Forum Αυτοδιοίκησης και G. ALEXANDRI: Abstract. wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: varietyΚύρια of ways, in order to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually Επιχειρηματικότητας: Τοπικές Δομές και Ανάπτυξη, Αθήνα, Ιανουάριος 2017.

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

120

διαφεύγει μια σύγχρονη αλήθεια: “Κανείς δεν ταξιδεύει σε άλλο τόπο μόνο για να φάει και να κοιμηθεί καλά”. Θα προτιμούσε να μείνει στο σπίτι του και να μην του κοστίσει τίποτα. Άρα, για να κινηθεί κάποιος και στο πλαίσιο του αγροτουρισμού, σημαίνει πως αναζητάει κάτι περισσότερο από το κατάλυμα του ύπνου και την ταβέρνα που θα πάει να φάει, κι αυτό οφείλει να το δώσει ο αγροτουρισμός. Αγροτουρισµός ορεινών χωριών

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Μπορεί να προσφερθεί από τους 1.091 φθίνοντες ορεινούς οικισμούς Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, της χώρας που βρίσκονται σε υψόμετρο μεγαλύτερο των 800 Architect μέτρων,

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS προσελκύοντας επισκέπτες / τουρίστες πουStudent αναζητούν τόπους ψυχαγωγίας of the School of Architecture σε δραστηριότητες όπως η ορειβασία, το κυνήγι, ο Technical περίπατος στο δάσος, οι University of Crete υλοτομικές εργασίες, οι κτηνοτροφικές ενασχολήσεις, η τυροκομία κ.ά., ή που 1. Introductory approach: Defining concept αναζητούν την “αεροθεραπεία” στον the βουνίσιο αέρα και την “υγεία” τους, με 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept βάση “θεραπευτικά the προγράμματα” στα ορεινά ειδικά κέντρα ή στα ANTISTHENIS, ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC - 370υγείας BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, theπαρέχεται ancient Greek philosopher, BC 370 BC, Athens), among other στα wiseοποία heritage he left us, he established a great the “σανατόρια”, υγιεινή διατροφή (444 αλλά και-“principle”: δυνατότητα για among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the περίπατο, γυμναστική, ατμόλουτρα κ.ά. acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term Αγροτουρισµός παραδοσιακών οικισµών 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term gentrification) is indicatedορεινούς (in the areaκαι of Planning) (or gentrification Μπορεί (and να urban προσφερθεί από φθίνοντες ημιορεινούς 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as οικισμούς well), as theστους “refining” of a ηcity area, the removal (in various αγροτικούς οποίους αρχιτεκτονική όψηfrom και ηthis, πολεοδομική Sociology asτους well), as the “refining” city area, removal from this, (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe the placement there of οργάνωσή πιστοποιούν μιαof aδιαχρονική κοινωνική και οικονομική ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of οργάνωση των κατοίκων τέτοια που έφτασε σε υψηλά επίπεδα πολιτιστικής the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the ανάπτυξης, στοιχεία που στο σύνολό τους συνθέτουν ένα "μνημειακό σύνολο”,of whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative όπως είναι π.χ. τα Ζαγόρια στην Ήπειρο, τα Χωριά του Πηλίου κ.ά. Οι potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s it refers to παραδοσιακοί οικισμοί προσελκύουν τουρίστες / επισκέπτες που and έχουν ανάγκη The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor από ανάπαυση και ψυχαγωγία. Τα μνημειακά οικιστικά σύνολα των the then observed trend wealthy people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thusσε old residents areof παραδοσιακών οικισμών, μπορούν sometimes να εξελιχθούν και αυτοδύναμα London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. τουριστικά κέντρα, φτάνει τα σχετικά προγράμματα και οι εθνικές και being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is includedτόπο”, in the work of Sociologist Ruth κοινοτικές χρηματοδοτήσεις “να πιάσουν αναστηλώσεις και A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere theμε work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar recorded in other major αναπαλαιώσεις και τήρηση της σχετικής προστατευτικής νομοθεσίας αλλά GLASS at the same period, situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, bywhile othersimilar Researchers. έξω από τις γραφειοκρατικές αγκυλώσεις και διαδικασίες. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more Αγροτουρισµός οικισµών σε περιοχές ιδιαίτερου φυσικού Since then, the issue has several below, scholars andthe for its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized from various κάλλους comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: Μπορεί ναofπροσφερθεί από οικισμούς που βρίσκονται σε προνομιακές interpretations the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new category of social groups τοποθεσίες ήτοιthe κοντά σε δασοσκεπείς βουνοπλαγιές, σε to “return” toτης the φύσης, city, leaving purlieus for several reasons: high costsκοντά in money βιότοπους, σε όχθες και to λιμνών, σε χαράδρες και place φαράγγια, and time to travel fromποταμών the purlieus downtown, where work is, lackκοντά of the σε καταρράκτες ή σπηλιές, σε ηφαίστεια και απολιθωμένα δάση, σεin termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS κοντά wasbetter born sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, for Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 της she published an important study entitled: μετέωρα και άλλους μετασχηματισμούς φύσης κ.λπ. Η ομορφιά της services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”,movements (possibly)for Youth Unemployment.

The same year she left Germanyτων and αγροτών, after continuous φύσης, τα απλά καταλύματα και η φιλοξενία αποτελούν τους lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc. studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back to London, where καλύτερους “κράχτες” αύξησης της the προσέλκυσης επισκεπτών τουριστών σε in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, is due a/ systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public action and αυτούς τους οικισμούς, των οποίων τα τοπία προστατεύονται και από τον Ν. long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. 1650/1986, ωςestate, στοιχεία for τηςthe πολιτιστικής μας κληρονομιάς αλλά και web, για τη and selling real depreciation initially of part of the urban in 10th edit. Wil. COLLINS etc., SONS AND Co Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: διασφάλιση της οικολογικής ισορροπίας.

G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

Αγροτουρισµός σε ψαροχώρια Μπορεί να προσφερθεί μόνον από παραθαλάσσιους και νησιωτικούς οικισμούς, σε όσους θέλουν να έχουν επαφή με τη ζωή των ψαράδων-αγροτών και με τις θαλάσσιες ψυχαγωγικές δραστηριότητες. Τα απλά χωριάτικα καταλύματα, η φιλοξενία και η ευγένεια των απλών ανθρώπων αυτών τωνοικισμών και η επαφή των τουριστών / επισκεπτών με δραστηριότητες της θάλασσας (π.χ. νυχτερινό ψάρεμα κ.ά.) αποτελούν τους σπουδαιότερους

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS παράγοντες προσέλκυσης των ανθρώπων που επιθυμούν να ζήσουν γαλήνιες Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, διακοπές, σαν “αναχωρητές” και “Ροβινσώνες”, θεραπευόμενοι από τα άγχη

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect και τις πιέσεις της σύγχρονης ζωής στην πόλη.

Student of the School of Architecture Αγροτουρισμός σε “αγροτουριστικά χωριά”Technical University of Crete Μπορεί να προσφερθεί από αγροτικούς οικισμούς που “ιδρύονται” 1. Introductory Defining“αγροτουριστικών the concept αποκλειστικά για approach: παροχή καθαρά υπηρεσιών”, όπως η 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept ιππασία, το κυνήγι, the η πεζοπορία, η ορειβασία, η αναρρίχηση, η ποδηλασία, η ANTISTHENIS, ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -για 370μια BC,νέα Athens), among otherσεwise heritage he left us, he established a great “principle”: the κολύμβηση ποταμούς ή ορεινές λίμνες κ.ά., και πρόκειται ιδέα among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatόπως the acquisition ofνα knowledge startshe with of theΕλλάδα, content of“principle”: concepts. που άρχισε βρίσκει πρόσφορο έδαφος και στη μπορεί να acquisition of knowledge starts with the definition of the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term πιστοποιηθεί από τα λειτουργούντα “αγροτουριστικά χωριά” κοντά στην 1 (and urban Based,του therefore, on this “principle” inindicated aκαι first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) is area of Planning) (or gentrification Αγόριανη Παρνασσού, στην Ευρυτανία αλλού.

1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as theσε “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Αγροτουρισμός “αγροκτήματα” Sociology as well), the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement artists, Πρόκειται γιαasμορφή αγροτουρισµού που έχει ευδοκιμήσει στις of ΗΠΑ και ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless of στις αναπτυγμένες χώρες της Ευρώπης, αλλά στην Ελλάδα -λόγω των μικρών the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the μεγεθών των αγροκτηµάτων- δεν κατέστη ακόμα δυνατόν να καθιερωθεί μιαof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative τέτοια μορφή αγροτικού τουρισμού. Απαιτούνται, ασφαλώς, μεγάλα potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to αγροκτήματα, με μεγάλεςisαγροικίες ή ξενώνες φιλοξενίας των επισκεπτών / The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor τουριστών, οι οποίοι επιθυμούν να συνδυάσουν τις διακοπές τους με the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves andάρμεγμα thus old residents areof αγροτικές εργασίες (π.χ. καλλιέργειες, δενδροκομία, ζώων και London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. τυροκόμηση γάλακτος, εκτροφή ζώων, δασοκομικές εργασίες και υλοτομία being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included the work of Sociologist κ.ά.). πως πρόκειται για ιδέα αν in την πραγματώσει κάποιοςRuth και AΦρονούμε description ofperiod, this phenomenon is που, included inwere the work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar situations recorded in other major στη χώρα μας, μάλλον θα αποδώσει καρπούς, φτάνει να κινηθούν συντονισμένα GLASS at the same period, situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, bywhile othersimilar Researchers. ηcities ατομική πρωτοβουλία και η κρατική μηχανή. in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more Άλλες μορφές αγροτουρισμού Since then, the issue has several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized from Με βάση τηapproach “συγκεκριμένη ανάγκη του επισκέπτη” ή το the “είδος της comprehensive are being summarized below, from various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: τοποθεσίας”, σε ορισμένους οικισμούς μπορούν να αναπτυχθούν κάποιες interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups μορφές αγροτουρισµού καθόλου ευκαταφρόνητες, όπως: to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money ♦ Κατασκηνώσεις.

- Για to εποχούμενους τουρίστες, and time to travel from the purlieus downtown, where work placeφυσιολάτρες, is, lack of the περιβαλλοντικά και οικολογικά ευαίσθητους ανθρώπους, πουsearch αναζητούν σεin termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth GLASS wasbetter born sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, for Berlin, where she made φτηνές her first studies.

In 1932 she published an importantπεριβάλλον study entitled: αυτούς τους χώρους διακοπές και επαφή με το αγροτικό services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment.

The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for και τιςliving αγροτικές κοινότητες. lower cost of, “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, ♦ Παιδικές κατασκηνώσεις.

-the Για φιλοξενία προσχολικής και in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning.

In παιδιών 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, is due a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public action and σχολικής ηλικίας και για εφαρμογή μορφωτικών και ψυχαγωγικών long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. προγραμμάτων σε νέους, προγραμμάτων πουinitially συμβάλλουν διατήρηση της and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation of part στη of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: σωματικής και ψυχικής υγείας των παιδιών και των εφήβων και στη διάδοση G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

122

της αγάπης και του σεβασμού προς τη φύση και το περιβάλλον.αγάπης και του σεβασμού προς τη φύση και το περιβάλλον. ♦ Αθλητικά κέντρα. - Δηλαδή, εγκαταστάσεις άθλησης και ανάπαυσης από την άθληση, κοντά σε ορεινούς και ηµιορεινούς και παραθαλάσσιους αγροτικούς οικισµούς -από τους οποίους και θα εξυπηρετούνται- για αθλητές και µη αθλητές φυσιολάτρες. ♦ Πολιτιστικά κέντρα. - Δηλαδή, εγκαταστάσεις σε διατηρητέους

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS ορεινούς αγροτικούς οικισµούς (“χώροι” ή “αίθουσες”) για διοργάνωση Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, συνεδρίων, συµποσίων, συναντήσεων, µουσικών ή θεατρικών εκδηλώσεων,

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect εκθέσεων και εικαστικών δρώµενων κ.ά., καιStudent όπου ενδεχοµένως µπορούν να of the School of Architecture παρέχονται και άλλες τουριστικές υπηρεσίες (διαµονής και εστίασης) από Technical University of Crete τους αγρότες.

1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept ♦ Χιονοδρομικά κέντρα.

- Δηλαδή, από τα “χιονοδροµικά κέντρα” 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept ευνοούνται οι γειτονικοί αγροτικοί οικισµοί οποίοι µπορούν να ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greekορεινοί philosopher, (444οιBC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other σειρά wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the αναπτύξουν τουριστικών δραστηριοτήτων προς εξυπηρέτηση των among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the χιονοδρόµων και των οπαδών των χειµερινών αθληµάτων. acquisition of knowledge starts with the definition of the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term ♦ Ιαματικά κέντρα. - Δηλαδή, από τα “ιαµατικά κέντρα” ευνοούνται οι 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification γειτονικοί αγροτικοί οικισµοί οι οποίοι µπορούν να αναπτύξουν σειρά 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removalανθρώπων from this, (inπου various τουριστικών δραστηριοτήτων προς κάλυψη αναγκών για Sociology as well), as the “refining” ofσε a city area, the fromthere this, (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andόπως theremoval placement of θεραπευτικούς λόγους βρέθηκαν αυτά, π.χ. µικρά ξενοδοχεία, ways), ofενοικιαζόµενα social groups, usually ofήlow-income andαίθουσες thethis placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”, regardless of ξενώνες, δωµάτια διαµερίσµατα, εστίασης κ.ά. the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the ♦ Εναλλακτικές μορφές αγροτουρισμού. - Εκτός των προηγούµενωνof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential µορφών relative αγροτικού τουρισµού πρέπει να αναφέρουµε και άλλες µορφές potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found first inήthe UK inτρόπο early 1960s and it refers to εναλλακτικού τουρισµού που κατάatάµεσο έµµεσο σχετίζονται µε τον The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor αγροτουρισµό, όπως είναι: the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old residents areof London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. ♦indirectly ο γενικός τουρισµός ή τουρισµός διακοπών - αναψυχής being “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth ο µορφωτικόςτουρισµός A♦description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major ♦ ο at τουρισµός εκθέσεων GLASS the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. ♦inοWestern τουρισµός υγείας by ή θεραπευτικός τουρισµός cities countries, other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more ♦ ο τουρισµός άθλησης Since then, the issue has several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized from ♦ ο συνεδριακός τουρισµός comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: ♦ ο τουρισµός περιπέτειας interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new category of social groups ♦ ο οικογενειακός τουρισµός to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money ♦ οto τουρισµός τρίτης ηλικίαςto downtown, where work place is, lack of the and time travel from the purlieus ♦The ο τουρισµόςχειµερινώναθληµάτων termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.of safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin,♦ where she made herτουρισµός first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: οofθρησκευτικός services health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth♦Unemployment.

The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for ο οικολογικός τουρισµός lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, ♦ οshe λαϊκός τουρισµός in According 1943 published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public action and ♦ ο κοινωνικός τουρισµός long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. ♦ ο τουρισµός and selling realCOLLINS estate,αναπήρων etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: ♦ ο σχολικός τουρισµός.

G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

Όλες οι προηγουμένως αναφερθείσες μορφές τουρισμού λειτουργούν σε συνάφεια με τον αγροτουρισμό και μπορούν να αναπτυχθούν στοναγροτικό χώρο και να ενταχθούν στο πλαίσιο του αγροτικού περιβάλλοντος και της αγροτικής ζωής, οι δε σχετικές υπηρεσίες να παρασχεθούν από τους ανθρώπους της υπαίθρου, δηλαδή από τους αγρότες οι οποίοι επιδιώκουν με τις τουριστικές δραστηριότητες που ασκούν να προσαυξήσουν το αγροτικό εισόδημά τους.

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, Φορείς ανάπτυξης του αγροτουρισµού

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Εκτός από τις βασικές επιχειρήσεις διαµονής και που πρέπει να Student ofεστίασης the School of Architecture οργανωθούν στον αγροτικό χώρο για την προσέλκυση επισκεπτών / Technical University of Crete

τουριστών, είναι ανάγκη να οργανωθούν και άλλου είδους επιχειρήσεις για τις 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept άλλες µορφές τουρισµού, που προηγουμένως αναφέραμε, και αυτό το έργο 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), μπορεί να το αναλάβει: ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among wiseτοµέας: heritage heιδιωτική left us, he established(444 a great the Οother Ιδιωτικός -Η πρωτοβουλία για δημιουργία ιδιωτικών among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a great the acquisition ofτουριστικών knowledge starts with of the content of“principle”: concepts. αγροτικών επιχειρήσεων οποιασδήποτε νομικής μορφής acquisition of knowledge starts with the definition of the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term (ατομική, Ομόρρυθμη Εταιρεία, ΕΠΕ, ΑΕ κ.λπ.), είναι πάντοτε θετική για τις 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) indicated area of Planning) (or gentrification περιοχές όπου αυτή εκδηλώνεται. Αυτή is έχει τη δυνατότητα να αξιοποιήσει τα 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the(επιχορηγήσεις, “refining” of a city area, the removal from αφορολόγητες this, (in various αναπτυξιακά κίνητρα επιδοτήσεις επιτοκίου, Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the fromthere this, (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and theremoval placement of εκπτώσεις, αυξημένες αποσβέσεις κ.ά.) που χορηγούνται από το κράτος με ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless of βάση τους εκάστοτε αναπτυξιακούς νόμους, για ιδρύσεις ξενοδοχειακών the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the μονάδων μικρής κλίμακας, ξενώνων, καταλυμάτων, κατασκηνώσεων,of whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative εγκαταστάσεων εκμετάλλευσης ιαματικών πηγών, για ανακατασκευές και potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification found at first in the UK in early 1960s it refersγια to διασκευές διατηρητέων isκαι παραδοσιακών κτισμάτων ως and ξενώνες, The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor δημιουργία εργαστηρίων παραγωγής παραδοσιακών προϊόντων και ειδών the then observed trend of wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stayυφαντά, themselves and old residents areof χειροτεχνίας (τρόφιμα, ξυλόγλυπτα κ.ά.), γιαthus ίδρυση κέντρων London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”.κ.ά., τα οποία αποτελούν τις παραγωγικές χειμερινού τουρισμού being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description ofτου this αγροτικού phenomenonτουρισμού. is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth δραστηριότητες κατεύθυνση A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations includedΠρος inwere the την workίδια of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar recorded in other major στήριξης της ιδιωτικής πρωτοβουλίας κινούνται και οι recorded χρηματοδοτήσεις της GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. ΕΟΚ/ΕΕ πλαίσιο των διαρθρωτικών προγραμμάτων που εκφράζονται διά cities in στο Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more μέσου συγκεκριμένων Οδηγιών και Κανονισμών, αποσκοπούν στοmore να Since then, the issue has severalπου scholars andthe for various its comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized below, from “υλοποιήσουν” την ευρωπαϊκή πολιτική για το θέμα του αγροτουρισμού. comprehensive approach are being summarized from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thebelow, following: Ο Δηµόσιος τοµέας: - Το κράτος, με τους δημόσιους οργανισμούς που interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new category of social groups εποπτεύονται τα Υπουργεία Ανάπτυξης, to “return” to theαπό city, leaving the purlieusΤουριστικής for several reasons: high costsΑγροτικής in money Ανάπτυξης και Τροφίμων, Υγείας,toΕσωτερικών, ΠΕΧΩΔΕ, Γραμματεία Νέας and time to travel from the purlieus downtown, where work place is, lack of the Γενιάς, ΕΟΤ, ΑΤ Ε κ.ά., συμβάλλει στη διάδοση, εμπέδωση και ανάπτυξη τουin termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, where she made her studies.

In 1932 she published study entitled: αγροτουρισμού, μεfirst τις entertainment δημόσιες επιχειρήσεις που an έχει δημιουργήσει για services of health,ιδίως education, “at the heart ofimportant the city”,movements (possibly) Youthεκμετάλλευση Unemployment. The same year she(π.χ. left Germany and after continuous for την ξενοδοχείων τα “Ξενία”), ιαματικών πηγών, lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, χιονοδρομικών κέντρων, παιδικών κατασκηνώσεων, πολιτιστικών in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning.

In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public action and εκδηλώσεων κ.λ. Σήμερα, το κράτος χάνει όλο και περισσότερο τον κοινωνικό long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. ρόλο του και αποποιείται των οικονομικών λειτουργιών διακατεχόμενο and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCo depreciation initially of partτου, of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: από τη λογική των “αποκρατικοποιήσεων” και της εκχώρησης των(actually πάντων G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”,

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

στον “ιδιωτικό τομέα”... αντί πινακίου φακής, και φαίνεται πως πολλές από αυτές τις “δημόσιες τουριστικές επιχειρήσεις” και δραστηριότητες θα... ιδιωτικοποιηθούν. Οι Οργανισµοί Τοπικής Αυτοδιοίκησης (ΟΤΑ): - Πολλοί από τους Δήμους και τις Κοινότητες της χώρας έχουν ιδρύσει “δημοτικές επιχειρήσεις” τις Κοινότητες της χώρας έχουν ιδρύσει “δημοτικές επιχειρήσεις” και ανάμεσα στις πολλές δραστηριότητες που αναπτύσσουν είναι και ο αγροτουρισμός (π.χ.

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS δημοτικοί ή κοινοτικοί ξενώνες). Το θεσμικό πλαίσιο των ΟΤΑ παρέχει Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, πλείστες όσες δυνατότητες για ύπαρξη αμιγώς δημοτικών ή κοινοτικών

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect επιχειρήσεων, αλλά και για συμπράξεις, όπως:Student of the School of Architecture • διαδημοτικών και διακοινοτικών επιχειρήσεων Technical University of Crete • μικρών δημοτικών ή κοινοτικών επιχειρήσεων 1. Introductory Defining the concept • δημοτικών approach: ή κοινοτικών επιχειρήσεων συνεταιριστικού χαρακτήρα 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept • ανωνύμων the εταιριών σύμπραξης ΟΤΑ (444 και BC τοπικών ANTISTHENIS, ancient Greek philosopher, - 370 BC,Ενώσεων Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the Γεωργικών Συνεταιρισμών among other wise heritage left us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge startshe with the of theσύμπραξης content concepts.

• δημοτικών εταιρειών λαϊκής βάσης ΟΤΑ με acquisition of knowledge starts with the definition of the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term Συνεταιρισμούς και με άλλα φυσικά ή νομικά πρόσωπα 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) indicated area of Planning) (or gentrification • ανωνύμων εταιρειών σύμπραξηςis ΟΤΑ και φορέων του Δημοσίου 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” city area, the removal from this, έχουν (in various • επιχειρήσεων στις οποίες of οιaΟΤΑ με τους Συνεταιρισμούς την Sociology asτων well), as the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually ofμεριδίων low-income andthe theremoval placement πλειοψηφία μετοχών ή των ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”, regardless of • ανωνύμων εταιρειών σύμπραξης ΤοπικώνthisΕνώσεων Δήμωνartists, και the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the Κοινοτήτων (ΤΕΔΚ) και της Κεντρικής Ένωσης Δήμων και Κοινοτήτωνof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative Ελλάδας (ΚΕΔΚΕ) potential relative speculation).

The• term gentrification is found atσύμπραξης first in the UK 1960s and itΟΤΑ refersγια to αναπτυξιακών συνδέσμων δύοinήearly περισσοτέρων The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor εκτέλεση συγκεκριμένων έργων επιχορηγούμενων από το ελληνικό Δημόσιο ή the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old residents areof την ΕΟΚ/ΕΕ.

London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. Το θεσμικό πλαίσιο (Ν. 1065/1980 και Ν. 1416/1984) διάνοιξε ευοίωνες being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in δραστηριοτήτων the work of Sociologist Ruth προοπτικές για την ανάπτυξη επιχειρηματικών εκ μέρους A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major των ΟΤΑ,atοι οποίοι ανέλαβαν πολλές επιχειρηματικές πρωτοβουλίες στα GLASS the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. πρώτα ισχύος αυτού του πλαισίου. Σήμερα, όμως, μετά 20 cities inχρόνια Western countries, bypreoccupied otherθεσμικού Researchers.

Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more και Since πλέον then, έτη από την ισχύ των συγκεκριμένων καιand τη δημιουργία issue has severalΝόμων scholars for various its more comprehensive the approach arepreoccupied being summarized below, from the μεγάλου σχετικά αριθμού Δημοτικών Επιχειρήσεων από τους διάφορους comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: δήμους της χώρας, αποδεικνύεται πως ελάχιστες προσπάθειες πέτυχαν τον interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new category of social groups σκοπό τους,toενώ οι περισσότερες απέτυχαν καιhigh “ναυάγησαν”, ενώ to “return” the city, leaving the purlieus for παταγωδώς several reasons: costs in money πολλοί και κοινότητες ίδρυσαν where τέτοιου είδους and timeδήμοι to travel from the purlieusπου to downtown, work place επιχειρήσεις is, lack of the καταχρεώθηκαν ή επιβάρυναν τους δημότες τους με πρόσθετη φορολογία, termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, for Berlin,τη where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: χωρίς σχετική... διακηρυσσόμενη ανταποδοτικότητα.. services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) YouthΗ Unemployment.

The same year she left Germany and after movements παταγώδης αποτυχία οφείλεται στο γεγονός ότιcontinuous οι δημοτικοί και οιfor lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc. studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, where κοινοτικοί κινήθηκαν μεthe μια αυθαίρετη λογική, in According 1943 she“άρχοντες” published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. Inκαι 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, is πατερναλιστική due a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public action and έξω από το μεγαλειώδες πνεύμα του παραδοσιακού κοινοτισμού, ίδρυσαν τις long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification δημοτικές επιχειρήσεις σκεπτόμενοι μάλλον ιδιοτελώς παρά για χάρη του Concerns συμφέροντος των δημοτών τους.

- Οι λίγες υγιείς δημοτικές επιχειρήσεις που

συνεχίζουν να υφίστανται και να λειτουργούν απρόσκοπτα, αποτελούν μάλλον εξαίρεση, αλλά έχουν δώσει μέχρι τώρα λαμπρά δείγματα και στον τομέα του

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS αγροτουρισµού.

Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, Οι Αγροτικοί Συνεταιρισµοί. - By Παρά τα ιδεώδη που διακηρύσσονται για Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect τους συνεταιρισμούς, στην πράξη έχουν Student αποδειχθεί αποτυχημένοι στη of the School of Architecture λειτουργία τους και, ιδίως, οι “αγροτικοί συνεταιρισμοί”. Δεν είναι, όμως, αυτό το Technical University of Crete θέμα που μας απασχολεί στο παρόν εγχειρίδιο και έτσι δεν θα επεκταθούμε σε 1. Introductory approach:επιχειρημάτων Defining the concept αναλύσεις και σε έκφραση δικαιολόγησης της άποψής μας. 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept Πάντως, η ανάληψη εκ μέρους των αγροτικών συνεταιρισμών και ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the πρωτοβουλιών αγροτουριστικού χαρακτή-ρα (δηλαδή, ιδρύσεις αγροτικών among other wise heritage he left us,definition he established a της great the acquisition of knowledge startsθα with the of the content of“principle”: concepts. τουριστικών επιχειρήσεων), αποδείκνυε το μέγεθος πλάνης όσων θα acquisition of knowledge starts with the definition of the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term έλπιζαν ότι μπορεί να προκύψει θετικό αποτέλεσμα. - Οι προσπάθειες που 1 (and urban Based, on Γυναικείους this “principle” inindicated a first, ifΣυνεταιρισµούς” notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) is (in area of Planning) (or gentrification έγιναν απόtherefore, ορισμένους Αγροτικούς (Αράχωβα, 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as Νοτιοχώρια well), as the “refining” of aΜυτιλήνης, city area, theΜαρώνεια removal from this, ξεκίνησαν (in various Αμπελάκια, Χίου, Πέτρα Έβρου) Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityπορεία area, from this, (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement there of με τις καλύτερες προοπτικές, αλλά στην λίγοι άντεξαν και συνεχίζουν ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”,στον regardless of να operation έχουν πετυχημένη δράση και παρουσία καιthis συμβολή τοπικό the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the αγροτουρισμό. σεις σκεπτόμενοι μάλλον ιδιοτελώς παρά για χάρη τουof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative συμφέροντος των δημοτών τους. - Οι λίγες υγιείς δημοτικές επιχειρήσεις που potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification found at first in theαπρόσκοπτα, UK in early 1960s and it refers to συνεχίζουν να υφίστανταιisκαι να λειτουργούν αποτελούν μάλλον The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor εξαίρεση, αλλά έχουν δώσει μέχρι τώρα λαμπρά δείγματα και στον τομέα του the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old residents areof αγροτουρισµού.

London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. Οι Αγροτικοί Συνεταιρισµοί. - Παρά τα ιδεώδη που διακηρύσσονται για being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon included in the workαποτυχημένοι of Sociologist Ruth τους πράξηisisέχουν αποδειχθεί στη A συνεταιρισμούς, description ofperiod, this στην phenomenon included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar situations in other major λειτουργία τους και, ιδίως, οι “αγροτικοί συνεταιρισμοί”. Δεν είναι, όμως, αυτό το GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. θέμα που μας απασχολεί στοbyπαρόν εγχειρίδιο και έτσι δεν θα επεκταθούμε σε cities in Western countries, other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more αναλύσεις και σε έκφραση επιχειρημάτων δικαιολόγησης τηςand άποψής Since then, the issue has several below, scholars for various itsμας. more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized from the Πάντως, η ανάληψη εκ μέρους των αγροτικών συνεταιρισμών και comprehensive approach are being summarized from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thebelow, following: πρωτοβουλιών αγροτουριστικού χαρακτήρα (δηλαδή, ιδρύσεις αγροτικών interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new category of social groups τουριστικών επιχειρήσεων), θα purlieus αποδείκνυε το μέγεθος τηςhigh πλάνης θα to “return” to the city, leaving the for several reasons: costs όσων in money έλπιζαν μπορεί ναthe προκύψει αποτέλεσμα.

- Οι place προσπάθειες and time ότι to travel from purlieus θετικό to downtown, where work is, lack ofπου the έγιναν από ορισμένους Γυναικείους Αγροτικούς Συνεταιρισµούς” (Αράχωβα, termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, for Berlin, whereΝοτιοχώρια she made her Χίου, first studies.

1932 she published an important study entitled: Αμπελάκια, ΠέτραInΜυτιλήνης, Μαρώνεια Έβρου) ξεκίνησαν services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”,movements (possibly) Youth Unemployment.

The same year sheστην left Germany and after continuous for με τις καλύτερες προοπτικές, αλλά πορεία λίγοι άντεξαν και συνεχίζουν lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, να έχουν δράση καιthe παρουσία και1950 στον τοπικό in According 1943 she πετυχημένη published studies regarding city planning. In sheto became teacher in the to another approach, phenomenon isσυμβολή due a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public action and αγροτουρισμό. long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

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ΠολιτικέςGENTRIFICATION Επιμόρφωσης Αιρετών Τοπικών Δομών Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, Της κυρίας Βασ. ΔΕΛΗΘΕΟΥ ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Επίκουρης Καθηγήτριας Τ.Ο.Π.Α., Π.Π.Κ.Π.Ε.

Concerns

Η εκπαίδευση των δημοσίων υπαλλήλων στην Ελλάδα 1. Η ανάπτυξη ενός οργανισμού ή ενός κράτους προϋποθέτει την

By Mr. George-Sp. C. περιβάλλον.

ATHANASOPOULOS παρακολούθηση των αλλαγών στο τεχνολογικό και κοινωνικό Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, 2. Η καλύτερη μέθοδος για την παρακολούθηση αυτών των αλλαγώνStudent, είναι η By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect εκπαίδευση.

Student of the School Architecture 3. Η εκπαίδευση και η επιμόρφωση δίνει στους εργαζόμενους τηofδυνατότητα Technical University of Crete να ανταποκριθούν στην ανάγκη για αποτελεσματικότητα και αποδοτικότητα του έργου που αναλαμβάνουν, καθώς και για βελτίωση της ποιότητας των παρεχόμενων 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept υπηρεσιών, τόσο στονapproach: ιδιωτικό όσο και στοthe δημόσιο τομέα.

1. Introductory Defining concept ANTISTHENIS, theπου ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC BC, Athens), 4. Για τους λόγους προαναφέρθηκαν η εκπαίδευση και-η370 επιμόρφωση των ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC 370 BC,για Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great “principle”: the δημοσίων υπαλλήλων αποτελεί έναν από τους βασικούς άξονες τον among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great “principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with the definition of the content of concepts. εκσυγχρονισμό της λειτουργίας της Ελληνικής Δημόσιας Διοίκησης και τη acquisition of knowledge starts with the definition of the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term συστηματική μετατροπή της σε τρόπο ανάπτυξης της χώρας και μέσο εξυπηρέτησης 1 (and urban on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term των Based, πολιτών.therefore, gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification

1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city removal from this, (inartists, various Το νομικό και θεσμικό γιαarea, τηνthe ανάπτυξη του ανθρώπινου ways), of social groups, usually ofπλαίσιο low-income and the placement there of δυναμικού στην Ελλάδα ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of Ν.1943/1991: «Εκσυγχρονισμός της οργάνωσης και λειτουργίας της δημόσιας the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof διοίκησης, αναβάθμιση του προσωπικού της καιalso άλλες συναφείς διατάξεις» παρέχει whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results rising of land prices (and the potential relative το γενικό πλαίσιο ρύθμισης θεμάτων του δημοσίου τομέα. potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to Ν. term 3528/2007: (ορίζει ότι) Η εκπαίδευση ηUK κατάρτιση υπαλλήλων τωνto The gentrification found atpeople first in και the in early των 1960s and itareas refers the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor of δημοσίων υπηρεσιών (άρθρο 47) χωρίζεται στις εξής δυο μεγάλες κατηγορίες: the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof - Αρχική επαγγελματική εκπαίδευση sometimes και κατάρτιση London, upgrade them, stay themselves there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. Εισαγωγική εκπαίδευση (υποχρεωτική). being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in εξής the work of Sociologist Ruth - Συνεχιζόμενη εκπαίδευση και κατάρτιση με τις υποκατηγορίες A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major Επιμόρφωση (με ευθύνη της υπηρεσίας) GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities inΜετεκπαίδευση Western countries, by other (με ευθύνη της Researchers. υπηρεσίας) cities in Western countries, by other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more Μεταπτυχιακή εκπαίδευση.

Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach areΔημοσίων being summarized below, from - Οργανισμοί εκπαίδευσης Υπαλλήλων στην Ελλάδα comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: Ν.Π.∆.∆. με διοικητική και οικονομική αυτοτέλεια / ιδρύθηκε το 1983 In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new category of social groups Αποτελείται απόleaving τρεις εκπαιδευτικές μονάδες, Ε.Σ.∆.∆.,high τηνcosts Ε.Σ.Τ.Α. και το to “return” to the city, the purlieus for severalτην reasons: in money ΙΝ.ΕΠ. (και Π.ΙΝ.ΕΠ.). Η αποστολή του Κέντρου αυτού επικεντρώνεται στα and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack ofεξής the βασικά σημεία: 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, επαγγελματική κατάρτιση, εκπαίδευση και an επιμόρφωση όλουentitled: του Berlin,α)where she made her first studies.

In 1932 she published services ofΤην health, education, entertainment “at the heart ofimportant the city”,study (possibly) Youth Unemployment.

The same year she left Germanyτομέα. and after continuous movements for προσωπικού του δημόσιου και ευρύτερου δημόσιου lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, . in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public action and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by a3o passion for justice. Seeκαι also: COLLINS ENGLISHΤοπικές DICTIONARY. Εισήγηση, Money etc., Show, Forum Αυτοδιοίκησης Επιχειρηματικότητας: Δομές and selling realCOLLINS estate, for the depreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Co Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: και Ανάπτυξη, Αθήνα, Ιανουάριος 2017.

G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

γ) Τη δημιουργία στελεχών για τη δημόσια διοίκηση και την τοπική αυτοδιοίκηση. δ) Την εκπόνηση ερευνών και μελετών για τη χάραξη στρατηγικών ανάπτυξης του ανθρώπινου δυναμικού της δημόσιας διοίκησης, το διαρκή εκσυγχρονισμό της οργάνωσης και λειτουργίας των δημόσιων υπηρεσιών και την εφαρμογή των μεταρρυθμιστικών προτάσεων. ε) Τη θέσπιση του ατομικού δελτίου κατάρτισης των υπαλλήλων για την παρακολούθηση της πορείας της επιμόρφωσής τους.

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS

Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, Οργανισμοί εκπαίδευσης Δημοσίων Ελλάδα

By Mr.Υπαλλήλων George-Sp.στην C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect - Το Ε.Κ.∆.∆.Α. : Student of the School of Architecture αποβλέπει στη δημιουργία προσωπικού ικανού ναUniversity στηρίξειof Crete την Technical αποτελεσματική και δημοκρατική λειτουργία του κρατικού οργανισμού της χώρας και1. ναIntroductory συμβάλλει στον εκσυγχρονισμό τωνthe μεθόδων διοίκησης approach: Defining concept 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept διαθέτει τη θεσμική δυνατότητα να πιστοποιεί τοBC επίπεδο γνώσεων και ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 - 370 BC, Athens), δεξιοτήτων των υπαλλήλων του δημόσιου και ευρύτερου δημόσιου τομέα, τους ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the χώρους το σχετικό εξοπλισμό, τη διοικητική και“principle”: επιστημονική among εκπαίδευσης, other wise heritage left us,definition he established a great the acquisition of knowledge startshe with the of the content of concepts. υποστήριξη της υλοποίησηςstarts των επιμορφωτικών προγραμμάτων καιofγενικότερα τις acquisition of knowledge with theindefinition the content concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term εκπαιδευτικές 1δομές.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term (and urban gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification - Εθνική 1Σχολή ∆ημόσιας ∆ιοίκησης (Ε.Σ.∆.∆.) gentrification (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Ιδρύθηκε με τον Ν.1388/1983 και λειτουργεί αδιάλειπτα από το 1985 και είναι Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually low-income andεκπαίδευσης the placement of artists, υπεύθυνη για την παροχή της of προεισαγωγικής και there τη δημιουργία ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless of ανώτερων στελεχών της δημόσιας διοίκησης με επαγγελματική κατάρτιση και νέο the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless of whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the πνεύμα προσέγγισης των προβλημάτων. whatever otherμε consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative speculation). Λειτουργεί επτά (7) τμήματα εξειδικευμένης επαγγελματικής κατάρτισης, potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s της andδιοίκησης. it refers to από τα οποία μέχρι σήμερα έχουν αποφοιτήσει περίπου 1500 στελέχη The gentrification found at(ΙΝ.ΕΠ.) first in the UKΠεριφερειακά in early 1960s and itareas refersofto - term Ινστιτούτο επιμόρφωσης Ινστιτούτα the then observed trend ofiswealthy people toκαι buy property in poor the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas Επιμόρφωσης (Π.ΙΝ.ΕΠ.)

London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof London, them, stay themselves sometimes there thus old residents are - Ταupgrade ΙΝΕΠ“squeezed”. και τα ΠΙΝΕΠ είναι φορείς κατάρτισης καιand διαρκούς επιμόρφωσης being indirectly των υπαλλήλων και στελεχών της ∆ημόσιας ∆ιοίκησης και της Τοπικής being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth Αυτοδιοίκησης.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major Αποστολή τους είναι η διαρκής βελτίωση των γνώσεων και δεξιοτήτων του GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. ανθρώπινου δυναμικού μέσω πιστοποιημένων προγραμμάτων κατάρτισης. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more Το ΙΝΕΠ επίπεδο ∆ιεύθυνσης, παρέχει επιμορφωτικές δράσεις Since then,λειτουργεί the issueσε has several scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized below, from (δημόσιο μάνατζμεντ, ξένες γλώσσες, θέματα περιβάλλοντος, πολιτισμού και comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: οικονομικά), παρέχει την εισαγωγική εκπαίδευση των νεοπροσλαμβανομένων interpretations of the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense,και theσυμμετέχει, phenomenon dueof togentrification, a ανάπτυξης trend of a new of socialδιεθνείς groups υπαλλήλων στοis πλαίσιο σχέσεων με άλλους to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money φορείς, σε κοινοτικές πρωτοβουλίες για τη διεξαγωγή επιμορφωτικών and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the προγραμμάτων.

The term from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth GLASS for wasbetter born sense1.of safety atcomes the ΠΙΝΕΠ distributed residencies outside townστην centres, search Τα δώδεκα συμβάλλουν σημαντικά αποκέντρωση τωνin Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) επιμορφωτικών δράσεων στην αντίστοιχη διοικητική περιφέρεια.

Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for - Εθνική Τοπικής Αυτοδιοίκησης (Ε.Σ.Τ.Α.) lower living costΣχολή of, in “withdrawal” from private easier access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car New York she came to back to London, in According 1943 published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning.

In 1950 sheto became teacher in the Η she Εθνική Τοπικής Αυτοδιοίκησης (ΕΣΤΑ) αποτελεί την εκπαιδευτική toΣχολή another approach, the is due a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public action and μονάδα του Ε.Κ.Δ.Δ.Α. που λειτουργεί από το 2007 (ΠΔ 57, άρθρα 28-32, ΦΕΚ long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. 59/Α/14-3-2007). and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: Η Ε.Σ.Τ.Α. τη τηςthe ενισχύει με εξειδικευμένα επαγγελματικά G.με ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, inδραστηριοποίησή order Abstract. to achieve “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually στελέχη ταχείας ανέλιξης, επιτελικού και αναπτυξιακού χαρακτήρα, τους 127 2521 11

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns Λοιποί εκπαιδευτικοί φορείς

οργανισμούς τοπικής αυτοδιοίκησης α΄ και β΄ βαθμού και τα όργανα διοίκησης των νομικών προσώπων τους, καθώς επίσης τις περιφέρειες και τις κεντρικές υπηρεσίες, οι οποίες και επιφορτίζονται με αρμοδιότητες στους τομείς της πολιτικής προστασίας και της μεταναστευτικής πολιτικής. Το Υπουργείο Εσωτερικών. Η Σχολή Αξιωματικών της Ελληνικής (Σ.Α.Ε.Α.).

By Mr.Αστυνομίας George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Η Σχολή Εθνικής Άμυνας (Σ.ΕΘ.Α.).

Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, Τα Περιφερειακά Επιμορφωτικά του Υπουργείου Εθνικής Παιδείας, By Κέντρα Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Θρησκευμάτων και δια βίου μάθησης.

Student of the School of Architecture Η Εθνική Σχολή ∆ημόσιας Υγείας (Ε.Σ.∆.Υ.).

Technical University of Crete Η Εθνική Σχολή ∆ικαστικών Λειτουργών (Ν. 2236/1994 ).

128

1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept 1. Νομοθετικό IntroductoryΠλαίσιο approach: Defining theτη concept που συνδέει στρατηγική με την ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC των - 370 ΟΤΑ BC, Athens), εκπαίδευση ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the 3463/2006 (Δημοτικός Κοινοτικός 203-207. amongΝ.other wise heritage leftthe us,definition heΚώδικας, established aΆρθρα greatof “principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of ΔΚΚ). the content concepts. the Ν. therefore, 3584/2007: του Κώδικα Κατάστασης Δημοτικών καιconcepts. Κοινοτικών acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of Based, onΚύρωση this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 Υπαλλήλων. Το μέρος Γ του Κώδικα, άρθρο 54, ορίζει για την υπηρεσιακή εκπαίδευση Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term (or gentrification (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or των υπαλλήλων. gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Εθνικό Στρατηγικό Πλαίσιο (ΕΣΠΑ): Επιχειρησιακό Πρόγραμμα Sociology as well), as the “refining” ofΑναφοράς a city area, the fromthere this, (inartists, various ways), ofΤοsocial groups, usually of low-income and theremoval placement of «Διοικητική Μεταρρύθμιση» και of συγκεκριμένα οand Άξονας Προτεραιότητας ΙΙartists, ways), of social groups, usually low-income the placement there of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardlessτου of Επιχειρησιακού που αφορά στην Ανάπτυξη του Ανθρώπινου the operation ofΠρογράμματος, art galleries, restaurants, etc.also However regardless whatever other consequences has, results risingthis of “change”, land prices (and theof Δυναμικού της Δημόσιας Διοίκησης. has, results also rising of land prices (and the whatever other consequences potential relative speculation). potential relative speculation).

TheΟιterm gentrification found at first the UK in early 1960s andόλων it refers to Ο.Τ.Α. α΄ και β΄is βαθμού είναιin ενδεικτικοί δικαιούχοι των The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor παρακάτω δράσεων: the then observed trend of wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas of London, upgrade them, stay themselves and thus residents are για κατάρτιση σε θέματα Τοπικής Αυτοδιοίκησης και old Διαχείρισης για London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. στελέχη, που εμπλέκονται στο σχεδιασμό και την οργάνωση της παρακολούθησης being indirectly “squeezed”.

AΕπιχειρησιακών description of Προγραμμάτων this phenomenon included in the work of Sociologist Ruth των στηisΔημόσια Διοίκηση, A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while recorded in other major δράσεις που αφορούν στηνsimilar κατάρτιση σε νέες Τεχνολογίες Πληροφορικής GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. και Επικοινωνιών (ΤΠΕ), cities inστην Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has scholars for itsγια more επιμόρφωση των στελεχών πουseveral εμπλέκονται στηνand πολιτική τη Since the issue has preoccupied several below, scholars andthe for various its more μείωση τωνthen, διοικητικών βαρών στις επιχειρήσεις, comprehensive approach are being summarized from comprehensive approach are being summarized the various την κατάρτιση στελεχών εμπλέκονται στην from εφαρμογή της interpretations of the phenomenon of που gentrification, thebelow, following: interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: μεταναστευτικής πολιτικής, In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new category of social groups τηνto κατάρτιση σε θέματα και τέλος to “return” the city, leaving theπεριβάλλοντος purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money σε θέματα πολιτικής προστασίας. and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin,Νομοθετικό where she made her first που studies.

In 1932τη she στρατηγική published an important study Πλαίσιο συνδέει τωνcity”, ΟΤΑ μεentitled: την services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for εκπαίδευση lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, Η εισαγωγική εκπαίδευση είναι υποχρεωτική, για την υπηρεσία όσο in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the isτόσο due a systematic and και για τον υπάλληλο. Γίνεται κατά την πρώτη διετία από το διορισμό του υπαλλήλου University College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public action and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying herέχει workως areσκοπό characterized by a passion forυπαλλήλου justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH και την εξοικείωση του με τα αντικείμενα της DICTIONARY. υπηρεσίας and selling realCOLLINS estate,του etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit.

SONS Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: του και τα Wil. καθήκοντά ως AND υπαλλήλου Ο.Τ.Α. γενικότερα G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

Η υπηρεσία είναι υποχρεωμένη να μεριμνά για την επιμόρφωση των υπαλλήλων της σε όλη τη διάρκεια της σταδιοδρομίας τους, ανεξάρτητα από την κατηγορία, τον κλάδο, την ειδικότητα και το βαθμό τους. Η επιμόρφωση μπορεί να είναι γενική ή να έχει τη μορφή εξειδίκευσης σε αντικείμενα της υπηρεσίας του υπαλλήλου. Η συμμετοχή του υπαλλήλου σε προγράμματα επιμόρφωσης μπορεί να ορίζεται και ως υποχρεωτική. Η μετεκπαίδευση έχει ως σκοπό την απόκτηση από τον υπάλληλο των ειδικών γνώσεων που είναι απαραίτητες για την άσκηση των καθηκόντων

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS του. Γίνεται σε φορείς δημόσιους ή ιδιωτικούς, στην Ελλάδα ή το of εξωτερικό, ιδίως σε Harvard University, Graduate School Design, Student, Πανεπιστήμια, Τεχνολογικά Εκπαιδευτικά (T.E.I.) και στο Ε.Κ.Δ.Δ.Α. Η

By Mr.Ιδρύματα George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect μετεκπαίδευση μπορεί να ορίζεται και ως υποχρεωτική.

Student of the School of Architecture Η εκπαίδευση του προσωπικού της Τ.Α. Technical μέσω των οργανισμών University of Crete εκπαίδευσης 1. Introductory approach:προγράμματα Defining the του concept Με τα επιμορφωτικά ΙΝ.ΕΠ., αλλά και των υπόλοιπων 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept εκπαιδευτικών οργανισμών, όπως το Ε.Κ.Δ.Δ.Α., δίνεται η δυνατότητα στους ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), υπάλληλους και τα στελέχη της Δημόσιας Διοίκησης και της Τοπικής Αυτοδιοίκησης ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the να ενισχύσουν τις δεξιότητές τους και μέσω της ofπιστοποίησης ναconcepts. αποκτήσουν among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge startshe with the content επιπλέον προοπτική εξέλιξης Υπηρεσία of acquisition of και knowledge starts with στην theindefinition the content of concepts.

Based,μόρια therefore, on this “principle” a first, if τους. not final, approach, the term Το επιστημονικό προσωπικό των οργανισμών τις εκπαιδευτικές 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” inindicated a first,ανιχνεύει if (in notthe final, approach, theτους term gentrification) is area of Planning) (or gentrification ανάγκες, σχεδιάζει και υλοποιεί δράσεις προσαρμοσμένες στις απαιτήσεις, τους 1 gentrification (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various επιχειρησιακούς στόχους και τις οργανωσιακές αλλαγές κάθε δημόσιας υπηρεσίας.

Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways),Στην of social groups, usually low-income andκαι theναplacement of artists, προσπάθειά τους ναofεξατομικεύσουν παρέχουνthere ολοκληρωμένη ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However “change”, regardless of εκπαίδευση στον εργαζόμενο, οι περισσότεροι οργανισμοί εκπαίδευσης έχουν the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless of whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the δημιουργήσει ατομικό δελτίο κατάρτισης. whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, resultsτης alsoΤ.Α. rising of land (and the potential Ηrelative εκπαίδευση του προσωπικού μέσω τωνprices οργανισμών potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to εκπαίδευσης The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas of Στόχος όλων αυτών των δράσεων είναι the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas of η εκπαίδευση, αλλά καιthemselves sometimes there and thus old residents are London, upgrade them, stay London, upgrade them, stay sometimes and thus old residentsσε are η ευαισθητοποίηση και themselves ενεργοποίηση στελεχώνthere και Δημόσιων Λειτουργών being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”. επίκαιρα ζητήματα που απασχολούν γενικότερα την κοινωνία και ειδικότερα τη A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth A description ofperiod, thisΤοπική phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth Δημόσια Διοίκηση και την Αυτοδιοίκηση.

GLASS at the same while similar in other major Αυτός είναι και ο λόγος που οι περισσότεροι φορείς που ασχολούνται με την GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. εκπαίδευση και την επιμόρφωση των υπαλλήλων και των στελεχών Τ.Α. έχουν cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more καθιερώσει ένα βήμα Δημόσιου με τηνseveral οργάνωση Συνεδρίων, Διημερίδων Since then, the issue has preoccupied scholars andthe for its more comprehensive approach areΔιαλόγου being summarized below, from various και Ημερίδων καθ’ όλη τη διάρκεια του έτους. comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various

interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In aΤομείς sense, των theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups εκπαιδευτικών προγραμμάτων to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs money Οι τομείς των εκπαιδευτικών προγραμμάτων που απευθύνονται σεinστελέχη and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the και υπαλλήλους της Τ.Α., είναι The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.of safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Οικονομικών Θεμάτων Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) YouthΠολιτισμού Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living costManagement of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where Δημοσίου studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding city planning.

In 1950 she became teacher in the to another approach, the phenomenon is due to a systematic and Ξένων Γλωσσών University College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public action and Περιβάλλοντος long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. Εισαγωγικής Εκπαίδευσης (μόνο σε νεοπροσλαμβανομένους υπαλλήλους). and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for the depreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Co Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

Τομέας Εισαγωγικής Εκπαίδευσης Ο Τομέας Εισαγωγικής Εκπαίδευσης μέσω της υλοποίησης ειδικών υποχρεωτικών εκπαιδευτικών προγραμμάτων, στοχεύει στην προετοιμασία των νεοπροσληφθέντων υπαλλήλων κάθε φορέα της Τοπικής Αυτοδιοίκησης για αποτελεσματική ενάσκηση των καθηκόντων τους. Ειδικότερα μέσω των προγραμμάτων Εισαγωγικής Εκπαίδευσης επιχειρείται η εξοικείωση των νεοδιορισθέντων υπαλλήλων με το πλαίσιο λειτουργιών και αρχών του σύγχρονου διοικητικού περιβάλλοντος, η ευαισθητοποίηση σχετικά με τις

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS ανάγκες του πολίτη, καθώς επίσης η ανάπτυξη της επαγγελματικής ηθικής που Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, απαιτεί το λειτούργημα του δημοσίου υπαλλήλου.

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Το περιεχόμενο των προγραμμάτων είναι:Student Ο σύγχρονος ρόλος του Δημοσίου, of the School of Architecture Βασικές αρχές οργάνωσης και λειτουργίας της ΤοπικήςTechnical Αυτοδιοίκησης, Ποιότητα University of Crete Υπηρεσιών-Εξυπηρέτηση του Πολίτη, Οικονομικό περιβάλλον-δημοσιονομική διαχείριση, Κώδικας Δεοντολογίας Δημοσίων Υπαλλήλων, Νέες Τεχνολογίες 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept Πληροφορικής και Επικοινωνιών.

ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens),

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ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the Η καινοτομία και οι νέες τεχνολογίες στην εκπαίδευση στην Τοπική among other wise heritage left us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with the of the content concepts. the Αυτοδιοίκηση acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term Οι άξονες δράσης του τομέα νέων τεχνολογιών επικεντρώνονται στα 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification παρακάτω: 1 gentrification (and urban gentrification) isarea, indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city the removal (inοδηγούν various - Ηλεκτρονική Διακυβέρνηση: Περιλαμβάνει προγράμματα που Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and theκαι placement there of έκδοση artists, στην άμεση πληροφόρηση και εξυπηρέτηση του πολίτη των Οργανισμών, ways), of social groups, usually ofκατηγορίες low-income and προγραμμάτων thethis placement of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”,there regardless of πιστοποιητικών κ.ά. Ενδεικτικές των αυτών είναι: the operation ofconsequences art galleries, restaurants, etc.also However regardless whatever other has, results risingthis of “change”, land prices (and theof ανάπτυξη εφαρμογών διαδικτύου, ηλεκτρονικό εμπόριο, βάσεις δεδομένων, δίκτυα whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the και εφαρμογές τους, κ.λπ. potential relative speculation). potential relative speculation). Συστήματα Λήψης Αποφάσεων Στατιστικής: Ο and άξονας αυτός The- term gentrification is found at first in και the UK in early 1960s it refers to The term gentrification found atpeople first the UK in early 1960s and itareas refers σηματοδοτεί την προσπάθεια τηςinεφαρμογής της πληροφορικής από τα the then observed trend ofisμετατόπισης wealthy to buy property in poor ofto the then observed trend of wealthy people to there buyπληροφόρησης property in poor διαχειριστικά συστήματα αυτά τηςsometimes διοικητικής και areas λήψης London, upgrade them, stayσε themselves and thus old residents areof αποφάσεων.

London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. Ενδεικτικά προγράμματα είναι τα πληροφοριακά συστήματα διοίκησης, being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth τεχνικές δειγματοληψίας, πληροφοριακά A description ofperiod, thisστατιστικά phenomenon is situations includedσυστήματα inwere the recorded workκ.ά. of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major - Οργάνωση και Αυτοματισμός Γραφείου: Στοχεύουν στην καταπολέμηση GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. του ψηφιακού αναλφαβητισμού και την ενθάρρυνση της χρήσης υπολογιστών για cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has several scholars and for itsπακέτα more οργάνωση και πληροφόρηση. Ενδεικτικά προγράμματα είναι τα κλασσικά Since then, the issue has preoccupied several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach are being summarized from επεξεργασίας κειμένου, υπολογιστικών φύλλων, παρουσιάσεων κ.ά., όπως πιο comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the και various interpretations ofηλεκτρονικό the phenomenon of gentrification, following: εξειδικευμένα για πρωτόκολλο, διαχείριση the έργων κ.ά. interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups to “return” to the city, leaving theκαι purlieus for several reasons:και highστελεχών costs in money Πρακτικές εκπαίδευσης επιμόρφωσης αιρετών στην and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the Ευρωπαϊκή Ένωση The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS wasbetter born sense1.of safety the και distributed residencies outside town for Η εκπαίδευση η επιμόρφωση των αιρετών στηνcentres, Ευρωπαϊκή Ένωση είναιin Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: απαραίτητη για τη σωστή εκπλήρωση των αξιωμάτων τους, αλλά και για την εξέλιξη services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for τους τόσο σαν αιρετοί, αλλά και σανfrom άνθρωποι. lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, Η αντίστοιχη άποψη ισχύει και για τα στελέχη που απασχολούνται στα όργανα in According 1943 she published studies regarding city planning.

In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the phenomenon is due a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public action and Δημόσιας Διοίκησης και Τοπικής Αυτοδιοίκησης στην Ευρώπη. long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work characterized by a passion for justice.

See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. - Toare Ευρωπαϊκό Κέντρο CEDEFOP (Centre Européen le the Développment and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially ofpour part of urban web,de in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: la Formation Professionnelle) είναι ένας ευρωπαϊκός Φορέας, που ιδρύθηκε το έτος G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

1975, έχοντας σαν σκοπό τη διευκόλυνση και προώθηση της δια βίου επαγγελτικής κατάρτισης στην Ευρωπαϊκή Ένωση.

- Το Ttnet (Training of trainers network) είναι ένα γαλλικό και ευρωπαϊκό δίκτυο που σαν στόχο έχει την επιμόρφωση των επιμορφωτών. Το Ευρωπαϊκό δίκτυο Ttnet (www.centre-inffo.fr/maq100901/observatoire/ttnet/ttnet.htmι ιδρύθηκε το 1998 από το CEDEFOP ως ένας κοινοτικός χώρος επικοινωνίας, συνεργασίας και εξειδίκευσης στον τομέα της επιμόρφωσης των επιμορφωτών.

- Το Ευρωπαϊκό Δίκτυο των Οργανισμών Επιμόρφωσης των Τοπικών και

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Περιφερειακών Αρχών ΕΝΤΟ (European Network of Training Organisations), που Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, δημιουργήθηκε από το Συµβούλιο της Ευρώπης, μετατράπηκε σε ανεξάρτητο

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Οργανισµό τον Ιανουάριο του έτους 1995. Πρόκειται γιαofέναν µη Κυβερνητικό, µη Student the School of Architecture κερδοσκοπικό Οργανισµό που έχει ως έδρα τη Γαλλία.

Technical University of Crete Σκοπός του είναι η προώθηση της δημοκρατικής και αποτελεσματικής διακυβέρνησης, διασφαλίζοντας ότι το προσωπικό και οι αιρετοί των Τοπικών Αρχών 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept είναι επαρκώς εκπαιδευμένοι και καταρτισμένοι στην ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher,επιτέλεση (444 BC -των 370αρμοδιοτήτων BC, Athens), τους.ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great “principle”: the - Διεθνώς, οι Τοπικές Δομές left εκπροσωπούνται από την παγκόσμια Οργάνωση among other wise heritage us,definition he established a great acquisition of knowledge startshe with the of the content of“principle”: concepts. the United Cities and Local Governments (UCLG). Αποτελεί τη μεγαλύτερη παγκόσμια acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on Αρχών, this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term Οργάνωση των Τοπικών η οποία εκπροσωπείται από 120 χώρες. Αποσκοπεί 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term (andΤοπικών urban gentrification) is indicated (in the κοινών area of πολιτικών Planning) (or gentrification στη συνένωση των Δομών, µε σκοπό την ανάπτυξη για 1 (and urban gentrification) gentrification is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or Sociology well),που as the “refining”άμεσα of a city the removal from this, (in various σημαντικάas θέματα επηρεάζουν τις area, τοπικές.

Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways),-ofΗsocial groups, usually of low-income the placement there ofστις artists, Ευρωπαϊκή Σχολή Δημόσιας Διοίκησηςand που άρχισε να λειτουργεί 10 ways), of social groups, usually ofΒρυξέλλες low-income placement of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”,there regardless of Φεβρουαρίου 2005, και εδρεύει στις καιand στο the Λουξεμβούργο. the operation ofτης artείναι galleries, restaurants, etc.also However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results rising of land prices (and Αποστολή η παροχή κατάρτισης σε μέλη του προσωπικού της Ε.Ε. the επίof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the μιας σειράς εξειδικευμένων θεμάτων. potential relative potential relative speculation). γνώρισμά της είναι ότι στα μαθήματα πουinδίδονται σε αυτήν TheΚύριο term gentrification is found at first in the UK early 1960s and itμπορεί refersνα to The term found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refers συμμετέχει το gentrification προσωπικό των θεσμικών οργάνων της Ε.Ε., που συντελεί στη the then observed trend όλων ofiswealthy to buy property in poor ofto the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas διάδοση κοινών αξιών, στηνof προώθηση της καλύτερης κατανόησης μεταξύ των London, upgrade them, stay themselves and thus old residents areof υπαλλήλων των οργάνων και στην επίτευξη οικονομιών κλίμακας.

London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. Η Σχολή συνεργάζεται στενά με τις υπηρεσίες κατάρτισης όλων των θεσμικών being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth οργάνων, ναphenomenon αποφεύγεται αλληλεπικάλυψη κατά την A description ofperiod, this isοποιαδήποτε included inwere the work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS atπροκειμένου the same while similar situations recorded in other major εκπλήρωση της αποστολής τους.

GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers.

-inΕπίσης, ταcountries, τελευταίαbyχρόνια χρησιμοποιούνται τα MOOCS (Massive Open cities Western other Researchers.

Since then,ήthe issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more Online Courses Μαζικά Ελεύθερα Διαδικτυακά Μαθήματα).

Since then, the issue has preoccupied several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach are being summarized from Η διδασκαλίαapproach μέσω ενός are MOOC γίνεται με βιντεο-διαλέξεις, κουίζ και τακτικές comprehensive being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: εργασίες. interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: In aΟιsense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of category εκπαίδευσης of social groups εργαζόμενοι που παρακολουθούν τοa new πρόγραμμα ή to “return” to έχουν the city, the purlieus for several high costsτους in money επιμόρφωσης τη leaving δυνατότητα αλληλεπίδρασης με reasons: τους συναδέλφους μέσα and to travel from theσυζητήσεων purlieus to (forum), downtown, where work place is, σε lackτοπικές of the από time διαδικτυακές ομάδες αλλά και με συμμετοχή 1.of The termat comes from είναι Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, ομάδες μελέτης, όπου αυτό εφικτό.

Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: Αλληλεπίδραση υπάρχει entertainment και μεταξύ εκπαιδευόμενων και εκπαιδευτικού, μέσα services of health, education, “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for από forum, webcast συνεδρίες ή ακόμα και συναντήσεις. lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc. studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back to London, where - Μια ακόμα αρκετά καινούρια εφαρμογή των νέων τεχνολογιών που in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public action and χρησιμοποιείται στην εκπαίδευση παγκοσμίως είναι τα HUBS. long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work areμια characterized byκοινότητα a passion for justice.ατόμων, See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. Είναι παγκόσμια ομάδων επιχειρήσεων και δομών που and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: συνδέονται μέσω του παγκόσμιου ιστού και ανταλλάσουν ιδέες και γνώσεις.

G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student,

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Student of the School of Architecture Technical University of Crete

132

1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept 1. Introductory approach: the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, Οι Περιφέρειες θα μπορούσαν να συνεργαστούν με(444 το Impact HubBC, της Athens), Αθήνας ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the και να διοργανώνουν εκπαιδευτικά σεμινάρια γύρω από θέματα που αφορούν την among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the Περιφέρεια σε συνεργασίαstarts με τα Impact the Hubs ανά of τονconcepts. κόσμο, να acquisition of knowledge withυπόλοιπα theindefinition content Based, therefore, on this και “principle” aσχετικά first, if of not final, approach, the ανταλλάσουν πληροφορίες εμπειρίες με την εκπαίδευση και term την 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification επιμόρφωση σε(and κάθεurban τομέα gentrification) μέσω ταξιδιών ήisκαι τηλεδιασκέψεων.

1 gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as μπορούσαν the “refining” a cityisarea, the removal (inΕλλάδας various Αντίστοιχα, θα να of δημιουργηθούν και σε άλλες πόλεις της Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, Impact of Hubs. ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”,there regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has,επιμόρφωσης results also rising of land prices (andστην theof Πρακτικές εκπαίδευσης και αιρετών και στελεχών whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the Ελλάδα potential relative potential relative speculation). Διοργάνωση πολλών Συνεδρίων, Διαλέξεων κλπ. από Κ.Ε.Δ.Ε, The- term gentrification is found at firstΣεμιναρίων, in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto Ε.Ε.Τ.Α.Α., Ε.Κ.Δ.Δ.Α., Π.Ε.Τ.Α.. the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas Δράσεις σχετικές με: London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old residents areof Τη νέα στρατηγική αντίληψη της Πρωτοβάθμιας Αυτοδιοίκησης για τη London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. μεταρρύθμιση του κράτους being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth των is δήμων στη νέα προγραμματική περίοδο AΤην description ofperiod, thisετοιμότητα phenomenon included inwere the work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS atεπιχειρησιακή the same while similar situations recorded in other major Τηνatτοπική εταιρικότητα στο πλαίσιο του ΕΣΠΑ και των inευρωπαϊκών GLASS the same period, while similar situations were recorded other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. χρηματοδοτικών εργαλείων. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more Την Οργάνωση και Διοίκηση των Δήμων several και των scholars Νομικών τους Προσώπων, Since then, the issue has preoccupied andthe for its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from καθώς και η ανάπτυξη του ανθρώπινου δυναμικού τους. below, from thevarious comprehensive approach are being summarized various interpretations of the phenomenon gentrification, the following: Τον Αναπτυξιακό ρόλο των ΟΤΑofκαι σχετικά αναπτυξιακά εργαλεία. interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: In aΤην sense, the phenomenon to a trend of a new category of social groups Ανοιχτή Δημοκρατική is καιdue Ψηφιακή Διακυβέρνηση. to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money - Η δημιουργία του Κοινού Προγράμματος Μεταπτυχιακών Σπουδών, στο and time toαντικείμενο travel from«Τοπική the purlieus to downtown,Ανάπτυξη where work is, lack of the γνωστικό και Περιφερειακή καιplace Αυτοδιοίκηση. Το 1.of The term from Ruth GLASS, RuthΕΕΤΑΑ GLASS και wasbetter born sense safety atcomes the distributed residencies outside townκαι centres, search for πρόγραμμα υλοποιείται μεSociologist την πρωτοβουλία της 1912-1940. ΚΕΔΕ της με τηin Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: συνεργασία των Πανεπιστημίων Πελοποννήσου, Πειραιώς, Δημοκρίτειου Θράκης και services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for Αριστοτελείου Θεσσαλονίκης lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva,. Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, - Πρόκειται για studies έναapproach, Πρόγραμμα που μπορεί In να1950 προχωρήσει το teacher θεσμό in της in According 1943 she published regarding city planning. sheto became the to another the phenomenon is due a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public action and Αυτοδιοίκησης βήματα μπροστά και σίγουρα πιο κοντά στις σύγχρονες ανάγκες των long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work characterized by a passion for justice.

Seeκαι also:τις COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. δήμων καιare των δημοτών, ιδιαίτερα στις συνθήκες προκλήσεις που καλούνται and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: να αντιμετωπίσουν στις μέρες μας (Γ. Πατούλης).

G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student,

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Student of the School of Architecture Technical University of Crete

1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept 1. Introductory approach: the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term (or gentrification (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more Since then, the issue has several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized from comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new category of social groups to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public action and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, Types of intervention, Concerns of Gentrification Σοφία ΓΙΑΛΠΑ: Διαχείριση Επενδυτικού ConcernsΚινδύνου:

Κριτικά σημειώματα

Μέτρα Κινδύνου και εφαρμογές

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Του Αναπλ.Graduate Καθηγητού ΓΚΟΤΣΙΑ Harvard University, SchoolΑποστ. of Design, Student,

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Student of the School of Architecture TechnicalΚινδύνου: University μέτρα of Crete Ο τίτλος της εργασίας είναι «Διαχείριση Επενδυτικού

κινδύνου και εφαρμογές». Κυριότερος στόχος της συγγραφέως, είναι να 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept περιγράψει τη σπουδαιότητα της μέτρησης του επενδυτικού κινδύνου, έτσι 1. Introductory approach: the concept ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, BC - 370 BC, Athens), ώστε να γίνει η αποτελεσματική διαχείριση του, (444 προκειμένου να ληφθούν ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the σωστές επενδυτικές αποφάσεις, οι οποίες θα επιφέρουν τα επιθυμητά κέρδη among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the . στους επενδυτές acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term Στο Κεφάλαιο 1onηthis συγγραφέας περιγράφει την final, έννοια της επένδυσης 1 Based, therefore, “principle” in a first, if not approach, the term (or gentrification (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) και αναφέρεται στα urban είδη των επενδύσεων. Περιγράφονται επίσης τα είδη των 1 (and gentrification gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various επενδυτικών προϊόντων, καθώς και κάποια χαρακτηριστικά τους στοιχεία.

Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, Συγκεκριμένα, αναλύονται ταof ομόλογα, οιand μετοχές και ταthere παράγωγα ways), of social groups, usually low-income thethis placement of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”, regardless of προϊόντα. Τέλος, γίνεται αναφορά στις αγορές χρηματοπιστωτικών the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof προϊόντων καθώς και τα είδη των δραστηριοποιούνται whatever other consequences has, επενδυτών results also που rising of land prices (and σε the potential relative speculation). αυτές. potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to Στο Κεφάλαιο τιςin the βασικές έννοιες στη Θεωρία The term gentrification found atpeople first UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend2 ofisβλέπουμε wealthy to buy property in poor Χαρτοφυλακίου και η συγγραφέας περιγράφει τις σύγχρονες θεωρίες, οιof the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are οποίες, επιγραμματικά είναι: το μοντέλο του Markowitz, ο συντελεστής beta, London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”. το μοντέλο CAPM και τέλος το μοντέλο APT. Αναφέρεται επίσης, στη Θεωρία A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth description ofperiod, thisαγορών phenomenon is situations included inwere the της workμεofτον Sociologist Ruth των Aαποτελεσματικών και τη σχέση GLASS at the same while καθώς similar recorded in επενδυτικό other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major κίνδυνο και τη διαχείριση τουother χαρτοφυλακίου. cities in Western countries, by Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied otherστην Researchers. Το κεφάλαιο 3 αναφέρεται έννοια του κινδύνου των Since then, the issue has several scholars και andστα for είδη its more Since then, the issue has scholars and for various its more κινδύνων που επηρεάζουν μιαpreoccupied επένδυση ήseveral γενικότερα μια αγορά. Βασική comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the comprehensive approach summarized below, from the various έμφαση δίνεται στο γεγονόςare ότιbeing που οιthe έννοιες αβεβαιότητα και interpretations of the phenomenon ofπαρόλο gentrification, following: interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: κίνδυνος μοιάζουν, στην ουσίαisδιαφέρουν κατά Περιγράφονται, In a sense, the phenomenon due to a trend of πολύ. a new category of socialεπίσης, groups η “return” σπουδαιότητα διαχείρισης τα high βήματα τη to to the city,της leaving the purlieusκινδύνων for several και reasons: costs inγια money and time to travel from purlieusαναφερθήκαμε to downtown, where place is, lack ofτου the πραγματοποίησή της.theΤέλος, στη work διαφοροποίηση 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth GLASS wasbetter born in sense safety the residencies outside town centres, search for χαρτοφυλακίου καιdistributed πόσο σημαντική είναι στη μείωση του επενδυτικού Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) κινδύνου.

Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding city planning.

In 1950 she became teacher the to another approach, the phenomenon is due to a systematic and Διπλωματική εργασία υποβληθείσα και αξιολογηθείσα ως αρίστη στα πλαίσια in του University College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public action and long-term informal effort byΠρογράμματος organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying Διατμηματικού Μεταπτυχιακού «Εφαρμοσμένες Μαθηματικές Επιστήμες», της her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. Σχολής Εφαρμοσμένων Επιστημών, του Εθνικού Πολυτεχνείου and selling realCOLLINS estate,Μαθηματικών etc., for theCodepreciation initially ofΜετσόβιου part of the urban web,με in 10th edit.

Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: Σ.Ε.Μ.Φ.Ε. κ. Βασίλειο ΠΑΠΑΝΙΚΟΛΑΟΥ και Συνεπιβλέπουσα την Gentrification: G.Καθηγητή ALEXANDRI: Abstract. http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm aΕπιβλέποντα variety ofτον ways, in order to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

134

Επίκουρη Καθηγήτρια του Παντείου Πανεπιστημίου Κ.Π.Ε., κ. Βασιλική ΔΕΛΗΘΕΟΥ.

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns Στο κεφάλαιο 4, η συγγραφέας αναφέρεται στα μέτρα αβεβαιότητας,

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS τα οποία δεν θεωρούνται αξιόπιστα για τη μέτρηση του κινδύνου, διότι δεν Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, λαμβάνουν υπόψη την ασύμμετρηBy φύση του κινδύνου. Περιγράφονται τα Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect coherent(συνεκτικά) μέτρα κινδύνου και ταStudent convex(κυρτά) μέτρα κινδύνου of the School of Architecture αρχικά σε πεπερασμένους χώρους πιθανότητας και ύστερα σε γενικούς Technical University of Crete χώρους και είδαμε τα μέτρα αυτά για διανύσματα χαρτοφυλακίου. Επίσης, 1. Introductory Defining theκλάσεων concept των μέτρων αυτών, όπως γίνεται περιγραφήapproach: και κάποιων άλλων 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the είναι τα lawinvariant κινδύνου, τα concept εντροπικά κινδύνου και τα ANTISTHENIS, theμέτρα ancient Greek philosopher, (444μέτρα BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage left us,OrliczHeart. he established a great the μέτρα που είναι ορισμένα σεhe χώρους Τέλος, πολύ σημαντική είναι other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a great acquisition ofστα knowledge startsμέτρα with the content concepts. the ηamong αναφορά δυναμικά κινδύνου, ταofοποία έχουνof“principle”: περισσότερες acquisition of knowledge withτους theinβρίσκεται definition the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, onκαι this “principle” a first, if of not final, the term επιθυμητές ιδιότητες ηstarts μελέτη ακόμα σε approach, εξέλιξη.

1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term ο (and urban gentrification) is indicated (inορίζει the area of Planning) (or gentrification τελευταίο κεφάλαιο η συγγραφέας το μέτρο κινδύνου Στο 5 και 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), the “refining” a city area, theμέτρων removalπου from this, (in various Value-At-Risk, με as την έννοια των of νομισματικών αναλύονται στο as well), as the “refining” of aτις cityμεθόδους area, fromthere this, (inκαι various ο κεφάλαιο. ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement artists, 4Sociology Επιπλέον, περιγράφει υπολογισμού τουof τα ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless of μειονεκτήματά του μέτρου αυτού (τα οποία που οδήγησαν στην δημιουργία the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the των μέτρων του προηγούμενου κεφαλαίου). Το κεφάλαιο, επίσης,of whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative περιγράφει, μια εναλλακτική μέθοδο της Αξίας σε Κίνδυνο, την potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification found at first in the UK in early and refers to ConditionalValue-At-Risk, isτους τρόπους υπολογισμού της,1960s καθώς καιit κάποιες The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor εναλλακτικές μορφές της. Τέλος, περιγράφονται κάποια μοντέλα μέτρησης the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas London, upgradeκινδύνου, them, stay τα themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof του πιστωτικού οποία διακρίνονται σε κατασκευαστικά μοντέλα London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. και μοντέλα μειωτικού τύπου. being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth στοofof παράρτημα της εργασίας αποδεικνύονται από τα AΤέλος, description this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work ofμερικά Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same period, while similar in other major θεωρήματα, τις προτάσεις και τις ιδιότητες, που αναφέρθηκαν στο 4ο GLASS at the same period, situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, bywhile othersimilar Researchers. κεφάλαιο και αφορούν τα συνεκτικά και κυρτά μέτρα κινδύνου. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more Η συγγραφέας καταλήγει ότι, όπως several είναι φανερό, η and διαχείριση του Since then, the issue has scholars for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized below, from the κινδύνου είναι πολύ σημαντική και για να είναι αποτελεσματική, θα πρέπει να comprehensive approach are being summarized from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thebelow, following: προηγηθεί η ποσοτικοποίησή του. Η εργασία αυτή επισημαίνει και interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups διευκρινίζει ότι δεν υπάρχει τέλειο μέτρο κινδύνου, αφού έννοια του to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high ηcosts in money κινδύνου είναι αόριστη, άρα δεν να προσδιοριστεί επακριβώς. and time to travel from theκαι purlieus to μπορεί downtown, where work place is, lack of the Επομένως, η αναζήτηση των μεθόδων για τη μέτρηση του κινδύνου θαin termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS wasbetter born sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, for Berlin, where she made her first ώστε studies.

In 1932 sheνα published an important study entitled: βρίσκεται πάντα σε εξέλιξη, κάθε φορά βρίσκουμε ένα μέτρο που θα services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment.

The same year she left από Germany and after continuous movements for έχει περισσότερες επιθυμητές ιδιότητες τα προηγούμενα. lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came to back to London, Η άριστη εργασία είναι the έχει καινοτομικά και πρωτότυπα στοιχεία, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the toαυτή another approach, is due a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public action and και χαρακτηρίζεται από την υψηλή ποιότητα γραφής, τη σε βάθος ανάλυση long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. των θεμάτων, που διαπραγματεύεται, καθώςinitially και τις of πλούσιες βιβλιογραφικές and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: αναφορές.

G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student,

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Student of the School of Architecture Technical University of Crete

1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept 1. Introductory approach: the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term (or gentrification (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more Since then, the issue has several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized from comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new category of social groups to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public action and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

136

Εκδότης: Θάνος Κ. ΑΘΑΝΑΣΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ

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Κριτικά σημειώματα GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, Types of intervention, Concerns ofΧΡΙΣΤΟΦΙΔΗΣ: Gentrification Ανδρέας. Ανεκπλήρωτες προσδοκίες.

Concerns

Λευκωσία, 2009, σελ. 433

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Του κ. Κωνστ. ΑΘΑΝΑΣΟΠΟΥΛΟΥ Harvard University, GraduateΓΕ.

School of Design, Student, Καθηγητού Σχολ. Νομικών και Κοινωνικών Επιστ.

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Πανεπιστημίου ΝΕΑΠΟΛΙΣ, Πάφος, Student of the School of Architecture Καθηγητού Επισκ. Μετ. Προγρ. Σπ. Πανεπ. Αθηνών, Technical University of Crete

Ομοτ. Καθηγητού ΠΑΝΤΕΙΟΥ Π.Κ.Π.Ε., 1. Introductory approach: Defining theL.concept Ex Ch. U. L. Bruxelles, Ex. Int. I.I.A.P., Paris 1. Introductory approach: the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, ANTISTHENIS, theκαι ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370έζησα, BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great «Έκλεψα περιγράφω την ιδική μου ζωή, όπως την γιαthe να among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great “principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with the definition of the content of concepts. εκφράσω τους προβληματισμούς μίας εποχής, που χάνεται στο acquisition of knowledge starts with the definition of the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term πέρασμα των καιρών…».

1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of aκαι cityκατά area,πάντα the removal from this, (in various Αυτά αναφέρει ο εκλεκτός, αγαπητός, ακάματος και Sociology asΘεμιστοπόλος, well), as the “refining” ofΣάββα a city area, fromthere this, (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement of χαλκέντερος Ανδρέας ΧΡΙΣΤΟΦΙΔΗΣ, στον Πρόλογο του ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.για However this “change”, regardless of βιβλίου του «Ανεκπλήρωτες Προσδοκίες», το οποίο έχω την τιμή ναartists, Σας the operation ofconsequences art galleries, restaurants, etc.also However regardless whatever other has, results risingthis of “change”, land prices (and theof μιλήσω. whatever other consequences has, also rising of land pricesσυνετός, (and the potential relative Και είναιspeculation). ως προς τούτο ο results λόγος του, ειλικρινής, έντιμος, potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to συνεπής, γνήσιος, λυρικός, επικός, γοητευτικός.

TheΤο term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas of κρινόμενο έργο του Ανδρέα Σάββα ΧΡΙΣΤΟΦΙΔΗ, πέραν όποιωνto the then observed trend wealthy people to there buyήproperty in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old residents areof δήποτε ειδολογικών κριτηρίων, είναι sometimes εν σπέρματι, εν δυνάμει, ηθογραφία, London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. διήγημα, κοινωνικό πεζογράφημα, καταγραφή λαογραφικού υλικού και being indirectly “squeezed”. ιστορικών γεγονότων αναφορά (μετά κριτικών προσωπικών A description of thisκαι phenomenon is included in προσεγγίσεων) the work of Sociologist Ruth A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth βιωμάτων.

GLASS at the same while similar in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major Ο Ανδρέας Σάββαby ΧΡΙΣΤΟΦΙΔΗΣ «γράφει» κείμενα, αφού πρώτα cities in Western countries, other Researchers. cities in Western countries, byγραμμή other Researchers. «στοιχίσει» την the ζωή του στη της άδολης αγάπης, μίαςand αγάπης για τον Since then, issue has preoccupied several scholars for its more then,αγάπης the issue has preoccupied scholars and for various its more τόποSince του, μίας χωρίς ιδιοτέλεια, μίαςseveral αγάπηςbelow, για άλλους καιρούς, μίας comprehensive approach are being summarized from the comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various αγάπης για ταπεινούς Ανθρώπους, ο χρόνος,the αιμοδιψής και αχόρταγος, interpretations of the phenomenon of που gentrification, following: interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: ροκάνισε κατά τρόπο αδυσώπητο και τους σκέπασε με λησμονιά.

In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new category of social groups Εξ to άλλης πλευράς, κρινόμενο έργο είναιreasons: μία ουσιαστική to “return” the city, leavingτοthe purlieus for several high costsκατάθεση in money ψυχής, κάτω από την επίνευση, ή και το βάρος, ή και το χρέος, αυτή ψυχή να and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, ηlack of the κατατμηθεί σε χιλιάδες μόρια, και να καταστεί κτήμα των πολλών, ωσάν άλλη termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, where sheκαι made first studies.

In 1932 she published an important study entitled: θεία μετάληψη, να her προκαλέσει έκρηξη συναισθημάτων. services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for Συναισθημάτων: lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, αγάπης, ελπίδας,the οδύνης, οργής, τα χρόνια που έφυγαν, in According 1943Προσμονής, she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning.

In για 1950 she teacher in the to another approach, is due tobecame a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public action and για τα χαμένα όνειρα, για τους περασμένους τρυφερούς Απριλομάηδες, για τις long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by a passionστα for justice.

See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. τριανταφυλλιές, για τοetc., αγιόκλημα παράθυρα των πλίθινων σπιτιών, για τα and selling realCOLLINS estate, for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: πλοία που δεν άραξαν, για τα πανηγύρια που δεν έγιναν, για τα αηδόνια, που G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually πέταξαν στις Πλάτρες, για τις φεγγαρόφωτες νύχτες του καλοκαιριού, που

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σκέπασαν οι καπνοί των κανονιών της εισβολής, για τις πασχαλιές της Άνοιξης, που δεν πρόλαβαν να στολίσουν Επιτάφιους… Η ανάγνωση του κρινόμενου έργου οδηγεί στην βεβαιότητα, ότι ο Ανδρέας Σάββα ΧΡΙΣΤΟΦΙΔΗΣ, έχει πλήρη συναίσθηση της φθαρτής υπόστασής του: αλλά και της αιωνιότητας της Ζωής, και αυτά τολμά να διακηρύξει στις σελίδες του βιβλίου του. Δεν τον τρομάζει «η χαράδρα της ανυπαρξίας». Θεωρεί «το τέλος της

By Mr. George-Sp. ATHANASOPOULOS ζωής ως αφετηρία μίας νέας γέννησης, έναρξη τουC.κύκλου μίας αιώνιας Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, διαδρομής, και δεν θρηνεί, ως άλλος Προφητάναξ ΔΑΥΙΔ, «επί των ποταμών By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Βαβυλώνος». of Σάββα the School of Architecture Ο Ανδρέας, ο ήρωας του βιβλίου, και οStudent Ανδρέας ΧΡΙΣΤΟΦΙΔΗΣ, ο Technical University of Crete Συγγραφέας, καίτοι γεννήθηκαν σε μία μικρή Κωμόπολη της θαλασσοφίλητης Βόρειας Κύπρου, την Λάμπουσα, σημερινή Λάπηθο είναι τελικώς Πολίτες του 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept Κόσμου, ζυμωμένοι με φτώχεια, αγώνες, ιδρώτα, πόθους, πίκρες, καϋμούς, 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ελπίδες, φόβους, βάσανα, και όνειρα, πολλά όνειρα, κόντρα στον μικρόκοσμο του ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great τόπου τους, τα γυμνά, (ελλείψει χρημάτων) βολίτζια των φτωχικών σπιτιών the και among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the τις λάμπες πετρελαίου. acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts.

Based, this “principle” a first, ως if of not final, approach, theπλέον term Καιtherefore, οι δύο on «ονειρεύονται» και έχουν πρότυπά τους, όχι 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the (and urban ξυλουργούς, gentrification)αγγειοπλάστες, is indicated (in the area ofπαπουτσήδες, Planning)term (or gentrification σιδεράδες, πελεκάνους ράφτες, 1 (and urban gentrification) gentrification is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityαλλά area, κονίστρες the removal from this, (in πραματευτάδες, καφετζήδες, νερουλάδες, του κόσμου σεvarious ξένους Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), social groups, usually αχόρταγες, of low-income and the placement thereθελκτικές, of artists, τόπους,ofδύσκολες, επικίνδυνες, αδυσώπητες, παραγωγικές, ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless of προσοδοφόρες, φωτισμένες με «νέον», και πασπαλισμένες με άχνη λαμπερής the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless of whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the δημοσιότητας… whatever other consequences potential relative speculation). Και όλα αυτά για ποιόν; has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at περισσότερο first in the UK inτους earlyάλλους…

1960s and it refers to Λιγώτερο για τον εαυτό τους, για TheΈτσι, term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early and itareas refers the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property poor ofto π.χ., ο Συγγραφέας Ανδρέας, όσο και 1960s ναin λατρεύει την the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there andόπως thus old areof πολυαγαπημένη Μητέρα του ΕΛΕΝΗ, «λειτουργεί», ο residents αείμνηστος London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectlyΠατέρας “squeezed”. Κοσμοπολίτης του: being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description this phenomenon is included in the work Sociologist Ruth Εργάζεταιofγια τους άλλους, προσφέρει, σηκώνει στην of πλάτη του τα βάρη description ofperiod, this phenomenon isσυνέχεια. included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar situations in other major τους,Aαγόγγυστα, υπομονετικά, σταθερά, GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. Ο Συγγραφέας Ανδρέας «ζει» μέσα από τις ζωές των Άλλων, είτε τρέχει cities in Western countries, byνα other Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and πίσω από αγγειοπλάστες, για τουςResearchers. εκφράσει τον θαυμασμό του, for και its να more μάθει has scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being below, from την Since τέχνη then, τους, the είτεissue ευρίσκεται στην summarized Βουλήseveral της Γειτονιάς, (το αλησμόνητο comprehensive approach are summarized from the various Καφενείο), και of παρακολουθεί με being σεβασμό τις συζητήσεις των Μεγάλων, είτε interpretations the phenomenon of gentrification, thebelow, following: interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: μηχανεύεται In a sense,κατεργαριές. the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new category of social groups Κατεργαριές; Μάλιστα, to “return” to the city, leaving theκατεργαριές: purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money ανιδιοτελώς να μεταφέρει τιμολόγια τουis, Πατέρα and timeΠροσφέρεται to travel fromτάχα the purlieus to downtown, where work place lack ofτου the 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruthένα GLASS wasbetter born σε σπίτια εκείνων, του χρωστούν χρήματα, γιαtown να κλέψει πεταχτό φιλίin sense safety theπου distributed residencies outside centres, search for Berlin, she made her first studies.

In 1932 sheσπίτι important entitled: και να where δώσει λίγη χαρά στηνentertainment έγκλειστη στο της,an (λόγω τωνstudy ηθών της services of health, education, “at published the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for εποχής), αγαπημένη του. lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc. studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back to London, where τάχα πωςthe ζηλεύει, (θέλοντας να δώσει ένα μήνυμα, in According 1943Ακόμα, she published studies regarding city planning.

In 1950 sheto became teacher in the toκαμώνεται another approach, phenomenon is due a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public action and πόσο σπουδαία είναι γι’ αυτόν), την μετέπειτα σύζυγό του ΥΒΟΝΝΗ, που χορεύει long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. στο κατάστρωμα ενόςetc., πλοίου, στην διάρκεια initially ενός WIKIPEDIA: ταξιδιού, με άλλους, και δεν and selling realCOLLINS estate, for the depreciation of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Co Ltd. London 2009.

The Free Encyclopedia: «βούλεται συνιέναι» κοντά του στην καμπίνα…

G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

Από τις σελίδες του βιβλίου αναδεικνύεται ένας ΑΝΔΡΕΑΣ έντονα κοινωνικός, αλλά, ώρες – ώρες, μονήρης, απόμακρος, οξυδερκής, επίμων, φιλομαθής, καταδεκτικός και θρήσκος, αφού σκεπτόταν ακόμη και την ιερωσύνη, αλλά δεν ήξερε πώς να μοιρασθεί την αγάπη του για τον ΧΡΙΣΤΟ με τις όμορφες κοπέλλες. Σύμφωνα με μαρτυρίες συνομηλίκων φίλων του, σε ηλικία 6 (!) ετών συντρόφευε με ευχαρίστηση εγκαταλελειμμένες από άλλους συγγενείς τους Mr. George-Sp. ATHANASOPOULOS Γριούλες, και άκουγε με τις ώρες τις By ιστορίες τους, (καιC. δεν υπονοώ εδώ μόνον Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, την Γιαγιά του ΑΝΑΣΤΑΣΙΑ).

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Θέλω να ελπίζω, αγαπητέ ΑΝΔΡΕΑ, ότι αυτή η θεάρεστη προσφορά σου Student of the School of Architecture ήταν ανιδιοτελής, χωρίς ανταλλάγματα, αντιπαροχές, ανταπόδωση, αντίδωρα και Technical University of Crete υπαινίσσομαι εδώ τα ζαχαρωτά των Γιαγιάδων. Ένα άλλο στοιχείο, που ίσως προβληματίσει 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept τον Αναγνώστη του βιβλίου «Ανεκπλήρωτες Προσδοκίες», είναι ο σκεπτικισμός του ήρωα, αλλά και του 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 ANTISTHENIS, Greek philosopher, BC όμως - 370 BC, Συγγραφέα ΑΝΔΡΕΑ,the γιαancient το Δικηγορικό Επάγγελμα, το οποίο τουςAthens), κέρδισε ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the τελικά από το έτος 1960, γιατί αμφότεροι εντυπωσιάσθηκαν από την πολλαπλή among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. χρησιμότητα της ΝΟΜΙΚΗΣ ΕΠΙΣΤΗΜΗΣ, ως εφαλτηρίου για την επίτευξη acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition of the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if not final, approach, the term σύνθετων στόχων.

1 Based, therefore, onτου this “principle” inindicated a first, if (in not final, approach, the term urban gentrification) the area ofπάντοτε Planning) (or gentrification Με την(and Δικηγόρου οisΣυγγραφέας ΑΝΔΡΕΑΣ, ευθύς 1 ιδιότητα gentrification (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or Sociology as well), theέργα “refining” of aδίσταζε city area, removal from this, (inκείμενα various στους λόγους και as στα του, δεν ναthe καυτηριάζει τα κακώς Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and placement there of artists, στον χώρο της απονομής της Δικαιοσύνης, όπως π.χ.the την πιεστική αναζήτηση από ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless of Δικηγόρους της συνδρομής Δικαστών για την επίτευξη συμβιβασμών μεταξύ the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the διαδίκων, γεγονός, το οποίο του στέρησε για καιρό την αγάπη των Συναδέλφωνof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising land prices (and the potential του, όπωςrelative αναφέρεται κατ’ επανάληψη στο κρινόμενο έργοofτου. potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and ΑΝΔΡΕΑΣ, it refers to Ενώ ο ήρωας του βιβλίου ΑΝΔΡΕΑΣ ουσιαστικά ο Συγγραφέας The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor δεν εγκαταλείπει τα οράματά του, δεν είναι τολμητίας: the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas London,Άλλος, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes thereΚερύνεια, and thus old residents areof είναι ο τολμών εκείνη την εποχή στην γη αλησμόνητη: London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old are being indirectly “squeezed”. ένας νεαρός Πολιτικός Μηχανικός, ο Μιχαλάκης ΛΕΠΤΟΣ, ο οποίοςresidents αγοράζει being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this σε phenomenon included work of Sociologist Ruth χωράφια, τα χωρίζει οικόπεδα is και κτίζει in γιαtheντόπιους και για ξένους A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the κατοικίες, same while τις similar recorded in other major καλαίσθητες (παρά διατυπούμενες από πολλούς δυσοίωνες GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by otherκαι Researchers. προβλέψεις για το όλο εγχείρημα), οδηγεί τελικά την περιοχή σε πρωτόγνωρη cities in Western countries, by other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more και ανεπανάληπτη οικιστική και οικονομική ανάπτυξη.

Since then, the issue has several scholars and forπ.χ. its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized below, from the various Ο Συγγραφέας ΑΝΔΡΕΑΣ τολμά, όμως σε άλλα πεδία, όπως στο comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various Ξενοδοχείο ΚΕNSIGTON του Λονδίνου, όπου δεν διστάζει να δεχθεί με μεγάλη interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: interpretations the phenomenon of thecategory following: ευχαρίστηση προκλήσεις μίας πανέμορφης της ΥΒΟΝΝΗΣ, και να In a sense, τις theof phenomenon is due togentrification, a trendδεσποινίδας, of a new of social groups ενδώσει σεtoαυτές, δεδομένου, γνώριζε πως αυτή η νεαρή στην to “return” the city, leaving theότι purlieus for several reasons: high Αγγλίδα, costs in money ερώτηση των Γονιών «γιατί εκτιμά τόσο πολύ τονwork ΑΝΔΡΕΑ», and time to travel from της, the purlieus to downtown, where place is,απαντούσε lack of the 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in μονίμως: sense safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, where she made είναι her first studies.οInεαυτός 1932 she published important study άλλον entitled: «Ο ΑΝΔΡΕΑΣ πάντοτε του καιheart δενan κρύβει κανέναν services of health, education, entertainment “at the of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for μέσα του. Είναι που βλέπεις καιLondon εγώ αγαπώ μόνον ό,τι βλέπω». lower living costαυτό of, in “withdrawal” from private easier access to markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, and car New York she came back to London, αυτών, ο ήρωας τουthe βιβλίου και οInΣυγγραφέας ΑΝΔΡΕΑΣ, δεν in According 1943Πέραν she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning.

1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, is due a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public action and αποστασιοποιούνται από τα κοινά: αντιθέτως: έχουν άποψη εκφραζόμενη long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. δημόσια καιreal υπεύθυνα. and selling estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. COLLINS SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

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Όλως ενδεικτικώς, ελλείψει χρόνου, αναφέρω εδώ συνοπτικά κάποια στοιχεία, από το κρινόμενο έργο. Ο Συγγραφέας ΑΝΔΡΕΑΣ ήθελε να υπηρετήσει τον τόπο του, παρά το γεγονός, ότι τα πολιτικά πάθη ήταν ιδιαιτέρως έντονα. Έτσι, όταν ο Έπαρχος Κερύνειας το Φθινόπωρο του έτους 1969 του ανέφερε, ότι θα τον πρότεινε στον αρμόδιο Υπουργό Εσωτερικών για Δήμαρχο Κερύνειας, ο ΑΝΔΡΕΑΣ, παρά το γεγονός, ότι δεν συνέπλεε με την κυβερνώσα

By Mr. George-Sp. ATHANASOPOULOS παράταξη, εδέχθη με ευχαρίστηση την πρόταση, παρά C. τους ποικίλους φόβους Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, του, που τελικά επιβεβαιώθηκαν: By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Ο Υπουργός διώρισε Δήμαρχο τον κατάλληλο άνθρωπο: Έναν ιδιοκτήτη Student of the School of Architecture λεωφορείου, πολιτικό φίλο του, ενώ στον ΑΝΔΡΕΑ προσεφέρθη αργότερα η θέση Technical University of Crete του Αντιπροέδρου Σχολικής Εφορείας Λάμπουσας. Ανθ’ ημών ΓΟΥΛΙΜΗΣ, για τους γνωρίζοντες 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept τα της Ελλάδος. ΑΝΔΡΕΑ ΘΕΜΙΣΤΟΠΟΛΕ, 1. Introductory approach: the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, ΑΝΔΡΕΑ ΛΟΓΟΤΕΧΝΗ, ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage left us, he established(444 a great the Θα είμαι έντιμος μαζί he Σου: among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. Ως απλός αναγνώστης των έργων Σου και ως ο ολίγιστος των περί το acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition of the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if not final, approach, the term πνεύμα ενασχολουμένων, εκτιμώ, παρά το γεγονός, ότι η φράση του ΝΑΖΩΡΑΙΟΥ 1 Based, therefore, on ότι this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term urban gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification «ουαί υμίν τοις(and ήρατε την κλείδα της γνώσεως», επικρέμαται επί της 1Νομικοίς, gentrification (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city the removalεπί from this, και (in various κεφαλής Σου ως Νομικού, ότι ο ΘΕΟΣ ΣΟΥarea, σε καταδίκασε πλέον με την Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of για low-income ποινή της αιώνιας άδολης αγάπης τον Τόποand Σου.the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, usually of low-income thethis placement of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However “change”, regardless of Δέξου αυτή την καταδίκη Σου. Δεν έχει and για Σε άλλο πλοίο, there δεν έχει άλλη the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless of whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the οδό, κατά τον Ποιητή. whatever other consequences has, resultsτην alsoΨυχή risingΣου, of land prices (and the potential relative speculation). Και συνέχισε να μας προσφέρεις νοτισμένη με τις potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to δροσοσταλίδες των λουλουδιών της Κυπριακής Γής, τα αρμυρά κύματα της The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas of θάλασσας της Κερύνειας, τα δάκρυα της λύπης, τα δάκρυα της χαράς, τις πίκρεςto theταthen observed trend of wealthy sometimes people buy property in poor areas London, upgrade stay themselves and thus old residents areof και όνειρα τωνthem, απλών ΣυνΑνθρώπων Σου. to there London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly Αυτοί οι“squeezed”. Κύπριοι Συνάνθρωποί Σου δεν έπαψαν μέσα σε παγωνιές being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is includedανάμεσα in the work of Sociologist Ruth θανάτου και καυτερά λιοπύρια, να παραμένουν, σε τάφους και κούνιες A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at theπαιδιών, same while similar situations in other major νεογέννητων στητοί, ολόρθοι, περήφανοι, αταλάντευτοι, αγωνιστές, ως GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities Western countries, by other άλλοςinΑΝΤΑΙΟΣ, προσμένοντας εν Researchers. πνεύματι Δικαίω, ένα καλλίτερο μέλλον για cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Since then, issue several scholars and for more τους ίδιους καιthe τον Τόποhas τους, καιResearchers. έχοντας πάντοτε κατά νουν, τηνitsφράση Since then, the issue has several scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied beingΚωστή summarized below, from αλλοτινών καιρών, του Εθνικού Ποιητή ΠΑΛΑΜΑ: comprehensive approach are being summarized from the various «Κάποια ρόδα είναι έτοιμα interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thebelow, following: interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: εδώ is κάτω, In a sense, theν΄ανθίσουν phenomenon due to a trend of a new category of social groups εδώ πέρα, to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money μεσ’ σταthe περίτεχνα and time to travel from purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in σμιλεμένα αρχαία αγάλματα, sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, where sheμέσα madeστο herλαμπερό first studies.

In 1932 she published an important study entitled: φως, services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for στα ιεράPrague, αιματοβαμένα lower living costμέσα of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, της Κύπρου, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the toχώματα another approach, the is due a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public action and της Κύπρου της λατρεμένης, long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. της θαλασσοφίλητης». and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: Σας ευχαριστώ για την αποδοχή των σκέψεών μου. (actually G. ALEXANDRI: Abstract. http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order toενδεχόμενη achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”,

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Βιβλιοκρισία GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Βασίλειος ΦΩΤΙΑΔΗΣ: Ομοιοπαθητική και of Ορθόδοξη Παράδοση Definition, Types intervention, ConcernsΙατρική of Gentrification Εκδ. Ελλην. Εταιρ. Ομοιοπαθητικής Ιατρικής Αθήνα - Θεσσαλονίκη 2016, σελ. 127 Concerns Του κ. Γεωργίου Δ. ΜΑΡΤΖΕΛΟΥ Ομότ. Καθηγ.By ΑΠΘ, Πανεπιστ. «Νεάπολις» Πάφου Mr.Καθηγ.

George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, Σε μια εποχή εξαιρετικά μεγάληςBy σύγχυσης ορισμένων C. Ορθοδόξων Χριστιανών, Mr. George-Sp. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect μερικές φορές και θεολόγων, απέναντι στην Ομοιοπαθητική, τοthe βιβλίο «Ομοιοπαθητική Student of School of Architecture ιατρική και Ορθόδοξη παράδοση», που συνέταξε και Technical επιμελήθηκεUniversity ο Βασίλειος of Crete

ΦΩΤΙΑΔΗΣ, δίνει μια ξεκάθαρη και πειστική επιστημονική απάντηση στα ερωτήματα, ανακύπτουν από κάποιους ευσεβείς, αλλά δυστυχώς απληροφόρητους Χριστιανούς 1.που Introductory approach: Defining the concept σχετικά με το αν η ομοιοπαθητική ιατρική είναι επιτρεπτή από ορθόδοξη άποψη ή 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the επειδή ancient Greek philosopher, πρέπει να απορρίπτεται, δήθεν σχετίζεται με τον αποκρυφισμό και τη μαγεία.

ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC 370 BC, Athens), Ήδη wise το πρώτο μέρος τουleft βιβλίου, τοestablished οποίο προλογίζει Αν. -“principle”: Καθηγητής της the among other heritage he us, he a great Ιατρικής Πανεπιστημίου της μια of ξεκάθαρη και the among other wiseτου heritage leftthe us, heΛευκωσίας, established a great “principle”: acquisition ofΣχολής knowledge startshe with definition of theδίνει content concepts. τεκμηριωμένη απάντηση στα ερωτήματα τί είναι η Ομοιοπαθητική, ποίος ο ιδρυτής της, acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term ποία η φύση1 και η λειτουργία των ομοιοπαθητικών φαρμάκων και ποια η σχέση της με Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term urban gentrification) indicatedΙατρική (in theή area of και Planning) gentrification την ιατρική (and και ειδικότερα με τη is συμβατική ακόμη με την (or 1πράξη gentrification (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or Sociology as well), theανάγνωση “refining” a city area, theο removal from this, (in various Κτηνιατρική. Απόas την τουofπρώτου μέρους αναγνώστης αντιλαμβάνεται, Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ότι η Ομοιοπαθητική δεν έχει καμία σχέση με τον αποκρυφισμό, τη μαγεία ή τις ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ανατολικές θρησκείες, γιατί όχι of μόνο η αρχή της εντοπίζεται με σαφήνεια στον ways), of social groups, usually low-income and thethis placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”, regardless of ΙΠΠΟΚΡΑΤΗ, ο οποίος πριν απόrestaurants, 2500 χρόνια etc. διατύπωσε τη βασική αρχή ότι «τα όμοια the operation of art galleries, However this “change”, regardless of whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the τοις ομοίοις εισίν ιάματα», αλλά και η ανακάλυψή της στους νεώτερους χρόνους έγινε whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative από τον ευρωπαίο, γερμανό, γιατρό SAMUEL HAHNEMANN με βάση τις παρατηρήσεις potential speculation).

The gentrification is found at first the UK 1960sασθενείς and it refers του term καιrelative τα πειράματα που έκανε στονinεαυτό τουin early και τους του, to The term gentrification found at first την in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refers πλέον τρόπο παραπάνω ιπποκράτεια αρχή και ofto the επιβεβαιώνοντας then observed trendμεofisπειστικό wealthy people to buy property in poor καθιερώνοντάς την αρχικά στην ιατρική πρακτική των χωρών της Ευρώπης και της the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof Αμερικής: «similiathem, similibus Γι’ sometimes αυτό και η there παραγωγή και ηold χρήση των are London, upgrade staycurentur». themselves and thus residents being indirectly “squeezed”. ομοιοπαθητικών φαρμάκων δεν στηρίζεται ούτε σε κρυφές ή απόκρυφες πρακτικές being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description ofτην thisαποδοχή phenomenon included inήthe work of Sociologist Ruth ούτε προϋποθέτει κάποιωνisμεταφυσικών θρησκευτικών πεποιθήσεων, A description of this phenomenon is situations includedως inwere the work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS the same while similar recorded in other major αλλά at διδάσκεται σεperiod, ελληνικά και ξένα πανεπιστήμια συγκεκριμένη επιστημονική GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major φαρμακευτική μέθοδος που άμεσα με τη φαρμακογνωσία. Εξάλλου στο cities in Western countries, byσχετίζεται other Researchers. βιβλίο τονίζεται σαφώς ότιbyηpreoccupied ομοιοπαθητική ιατρική scholars δεν είναι and αντίθετη με τη cities in Western countries, other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has several for its more συμβατική ιατρική, αλλά συνιστά μια συμπληρωματική και εναλλακτική ιατρική Since then, the issue has preoccupied several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach are being summarized from πρακτική που στοχεύει όχι στη μερική και αποσπασματική, αλλά στην ολιστική comprehensive approach are being summarized from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thebelow, following: ανάταξη του επιπέδου υγείας του ανθρώπου. interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new category Στο δεύτερο μέρος, το οποίο προλογίζει ο υπογράφων, εξετάζεταιofηsocial σχέση groups της Ομοιοπαθητικής με leaving διάφορες ή θρησκευτικές πεποιθήσεις και to “return” to the city, the φιλοσοφικές purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money επισημαίνεται η απόλυτη συμφωνία που υπάρχει ιδιαίτερα με την ορθόδοξη θεολογία and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the και παράδοση, αφού ο Χριστός ως ο Ιατρός των ψυχών και των σωμάτων έσωσε τον 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, άνθρωπο ανακαθαίρων», την εύστοχη έκφραση του αγίου Berlin, where«τω sheομοίω made το herόμοιον first studies.

In 1932 κατά she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Γρηγορίου του Θεολόγου. Όπως με περισσή στο βιβλίο, for Youth Unemployment.

The same yearαποδεικνύεται she left Germany and afterεπιμέλεια continuous movements lower living cost of,της “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc. μεγάλοι Εκκλησίας όχι μόνο παρουσιάζουν μεshe ομοιοπαθητικό τοwhere studies andΠατέρες research in Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York came to back toτρόπο London, σωτηριώδες έργο τουstudies Χριστού για τη the θεραπεία του ανθρώπου από την αμαρτία, τηin in According 1943 she published regarding cityphenomenon planning.

In 1950 she teacher the to another approach, is due tobecame a systematic and φθορά και το θάνατο, αλλά φαίνεται να διάκεινται άκρως θετικά απέναντι στην University College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public action and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying herομοιοπαθητική work are characterized a passionπου for justice.

See also: COLLINSείτε ENGLISH DICTIONARY. ιατρική by πρακτική ασκούσαν θεραπευτικά θύραθεν είτε and selling real estate, for the depreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. COLLINS SONS AND Co Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: Χριστιανοί ιατροί, καιetc., μάλιστα άγιοι, όπως οι άγιοι Ανάργυροι Κύρος και ο Ιωάννης.

G. σαφές ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety ofείναι ways, in order toΠατέρες achieve “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually Άλλωστε ότι, αν Abstract. οι τηςthe Εκκλησίας δεν διέκειντο θετικά απέναντι στην ομοιοπαθητική ιατρική της εποχής τους, όχι μόνο δεν θα προέβαλαν το βίο και το

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student,

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Student of the School of Architecture Technical University of Crete

1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept

συγκρούσεις, ανισότητες, εντάσεις καιconcept 1. Introductory approach: Defining the ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), έργο των ανωτέρω δύο αγίων ομοιοπαθητικών αντιφάσεις. Ένας τέτοιος Εκπαιδευτικός, ANTISTHENIS, theπροκειμένου ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), ιατρών, αλλάwise και, among other heritage he left us,ναhe established(444 a great the παράλληλα τηνheritage προσπάθειά του παρουσιάσουν παραστατικά το σωτηριώδες among other wise he leftthe us,definition heναestablished a greatof“principle”: acquisition ofμε knowledge starts with of the content concepts. the έργο που επιτελεί ο Χριστός ως ιατρός μεταλαμπαδεύσει γνώση στους acquisition of knowledge starts with των the the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, onτηthis “principle” indefinition a first, if of not final, approach, the term ψυχών και των σωμάτων, δεν θα τολμούσαν 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term Μαθητές του, επιδιώκει να αναπτύξει (andτον urban gentrification) gentrification ποτέ να υιοθετήσουν ομοιοπαθητικό τρόπο is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or 1 (and urban gentrification gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the ofκαι a cityτην area, the removal from this, (in various μέσω αυτής την νοημοσύνη θεραπείας που ασκούσαν οι“refining” ιατροί της εποχής Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various τους. Γι’ άλλωστε δεν είναιofκαθόλου ways), of αυτό social groups, usually low-income and the placement there of artists, ηθική τους στάση.

ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement of artists, τυχαίο, ότι καιofσύγχρονες άγιες μορφές της etc. However the operation art galleries, restaurants, “change”,there regardless of Ορθόδοξης Εκκλησίας, όπως αναφέρεται στο etc. However this “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the Ενδεικτική βιβλιογραφία βιβλίο, όχι other μόνο consequences έκαναν χρήσηhas,των whatever results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative speculation). ομοιοπαθητικών φαρμάκων, όπως οι Γ., Γκότοβος Αθ., Μαυρογιώργος potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first μακαριστοί πατέρες Γεράσιμος ο Υμνογράφος, in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to Παπακωνσταντίνου Παν.: Κριτική TheΚατουνακιώτης, term gentrification iswealthy found at first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto Εφραίμ Σωφρόνιος του Έσσεξ, the then observed trend of people to buy property in poor the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas Παιδαγωγική και Εκπαιδευτική Πράξη. αλλά και πολλοί άλλοι τα συνιστούσαν London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof ανεπιφύλακτα στα πιστά μέλη Εκκλησίας,sometimes there and thus old residents are London, upgrade them, stayτης themselves Εκδόσεις Gutenberg, Αθήνα, 1996. being indirectly “squeezed”. όπως οιindirectly άγιοι ΘΕΟΦΑΝΗΣ ο Έγκλειστος και being “squeezed”.

A description of this Μιχ., phenomenon is included Κασσωτάκης Φλουρής Γ.: in the work of Sociologist Ruth ΙΩΑΝΝΗΣ της Κροστάνδης.

A description of this phenomenon is included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same period, while similar situations in other major Όποιος διαβάσει το βιβλίο αυτό, και Μάθηση και Διδασκαλία: σύγχρονες GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major ιδιαίτερα το μέρος του, πείθεται ότι και cities in Western by other Researchers. απόψεις γιαδεύτερο τιςcountries, διαδικασίες μάθησης cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. δεν υπάρχουν πλέον περιθώρια αμφισβήτησης Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more τη μέθοδο Ιδιωτική σχετικά με then, τοτης ανthe ηδιδασκαλίας. Ομοιοπαθητική είναι Since issue has several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized from σύμφωνη με τη θεολογία και τη παράδοση της summarized below, from the various έκδοση, Αθήνα, 2006. comprehensive approach are being interpretations of theΚάθε phenomenon of gentrification, the following: Ορθόδοξης Εκκλησίας. αντίθετη άποψη Φλουρής Γ.: Αναλυτικά interpretations of theανphenomenon of gentrification, thecategory following: In aστο sense, theαυτό, phenomenon is due toσε a trend of a new of social groups πάνω θέμα δεν οφείλεται Προγράμματα για μια νέα εποχή στην άγνοια, εξυπηρετεί και for several reasons: high costs in money to “return” to the οπωσδήποτε city, leaving αλλότρια the purlieus ιδιοτελή Για τους λόγους αυτούς Εκπαίδευση. Εκδόσεις Γρηγόρης, and timeσυμφέροντα. to travel from the purlieus toΑθήνα, downtown, where work place is, lack of the πιστεύουμε ότι το βιβλίο αυτό, καλύπτοντας termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, 2010. ένα τεράστιο κενό δημιούργησαν η άγνοια, Berlin, where sheπου made her first studies.

In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Χατζηγεωργίου Ι.: year το ηYouth παραπληροφόρηση, οιThe ιδεοληψίες ήΓνώθι και left τα Germany Unemployment. same she and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where συμφέροντα ορισμένων ομάδων, αποτελεί studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, curriculum: γενικά και ειδικά θέματα in According 1943 she published studies regarding city planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the εξαιρετική συμβολή στη γνώση μας σχετικά μεphenomenon to another approach, the is due a systematic Αναλυτικών Προγραμμάτων και her social research. Her public actionand University College of London, where she continued and την Ομοιοπαθητική και διαφωτίζει πραγματικά long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized byΆτροπος, aεποχής passion forΑθήνα, justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. Διδακτικής. Εκδόσεις τους πιστούς Χριστιανούς της μας για and selling real estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. COLLINS SONS AND Ltd.την London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: τη συμβατότητα της Ομοιοπαθητικής με 2004.

Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm aΟρθόδοξη varietyπαράδοση. of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

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H θάλασσα, νέος ορίζοντας για την Ελλάδα; GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, ofΤηςintervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification κυρίας Στέλλας ΚΥΒΕΛΟΥ Αναπληρώτριας Καθηγήτριας Concerns Τμήμ. Οικονομ. και Περιφερ. Ανάπτυξης

Παντείου Πανεπιστημίου Κ.Π.Ε. τ. Διευθύντριας Εθνικού Επαφής ESPON 2007-2013

By Mr. Σημείου George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS

Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student,

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Εισαγωγή Architect Student of the School of Architecture Η οραματική, φιλόδοξη αλλά συγχρόνως πραγματιστική πρόταση για τη University of Crete γαλάζια ανάπτυξη με αιχμή τους πέντε βασικούς τομείςTechnical της θαλάσσιας οικονομίας (θαλάσσιος και παράκτιος τουρισμός, αλιεία και ιχθυοκαλλιέργειες, γαλάζια ενέργεια, 1. Introductory approach: conceptσυνιστά την αναζήτηση της θαλάσσια βιοτεχνολογία και Defining θαλάσσιαthe εξόρυξη) 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept ανταγωνιστικότητας στη ancient θάλασσα και υπόσχεται μέχρι ευρώ ANTISTHENIS, the Greek philosopher, (444τοBC2020 - 370100 BC,δις.

Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the Greek philosopher, (444 BC1,6 -“principle”: 370 οικονομική μεγέθυνση τωνancient θαλάσσιων και δημιουργία εκ BC, νέεςAthens), θέσεις among other wise heritage he left us,κλάδων he established a great the εργασίας. among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the Η γαλάζια ανάπτυξη θα“principle” είναι ιδιαίτερα επωφελής, φυσικά, γιαofτις παράκτιες acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content concepts.

Based, therefore, on this a first, if of not final, approach, the term περιοχές. Για να επωφεληθούμε όμως από αυτήν, όπως και από άλλες ευκαιρίες, 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term (or gentrification (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) 1 (and urban απαιτείται επιτακτικότερα σεgentrification) σχέση με το παρελθόν, ένα (in εθνικό σχέδιο παραγωγικής gentrification is indicated the area of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ανασύνταξης της χώρας το“refining” οποίο προκειμένουνα καταστεί βιώσιμο, οφείλει ναvarious είναι Sociology as well), as the of a city area, the removal from this, (in ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ελκυστικό επενδύσεις (Δανέλλης, Για ναand επιτευχθεί όμως αυτό, απαιτείται ways), of σε social groups, usually of 2014). low-income thethis placement of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”,there regardless of παράλληλα ένα ολοκληρωμένο σχέδιο διοικητικής μεταρρύθμισης και προσαρμογής the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless of whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the στο απαιτούμενο νέο θαλάσσιο χωρικό σχεδιασμό. Είναι εύκολα κατανοητό οτι η whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative ανάδειξη και ανάπτυξη της γαλάζιας οικονομίας στη χώρα μας διακυβεύεται από τους potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification found at first inκαι the την UK ανάπτυξη in early 1960s andκλάδων it refersκαι to ίδιους ακριβώς παράγοντεςisπου εμποδίζουν άλλων The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas of συγκεκριμένα: α/ από την ανυπαρξία στρατηγικού, μακροχρόνιου και ολοκληρω-to the then observed trend wealthy people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes and thusαλληλοεπικάλυψη old residents areof μένου σχεδιασμού. β/ απόof τη γραφειοκρατία, πολυνομία, London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectlyκαι “squeezed”. αρμοδιοτήτων αναποτελεσματικότητα της δημόσιας διοίκησης που περιορίζουν being indirectly “squeezed”. τηνAαναπτυξιακή και isαποτρέπουν νέων θέσεων description ofδραστηριότητα this phenomenon included in τη the δημιουργία work of Sociologist Ruth A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is έλλειψης includedρευστότητας inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth εργασίας. από την αδυναμία – λόγω της – χρηματοδότησης GLASS atγ/the same while similar situations in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major επενδυτικών έργων και επιχειρηματικής δραστηριότητας αλλά και μόχλευσης cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. ιδιωτικών κεφαλαίων.

Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more Επίσης, η γαλάζια οικονομία προαπαιτεί τις κατάλληλες συνθήκες γιαmore να Since then, the issue has several scholars andthe for various its comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized below, from υπάρξει: καινοτομία και νέες τεχνολογίες.Απαιτεί επίσης την χρήση ενός βασικού comprehensive approach are being summarized from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thebelow, following: εργαλείου, εκ των ων ουκ άνευ για τη γαλάζια οικονομία που είναι ο θαλάσσιος interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new category of social groups χωροταξικός σχεδιασμός (ΘΧΣ). Το εργαλείο αυτό είναι το βασικό αντικείμενο του to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money παρόντος άρθρου που αποτελεί μέρος των συμπερασμάτων της συζήτησης που and time to travel from 1the toεκπροσώπων downtown, where work place lack ofτων the με purlieus παρουσία από ολόκληρο τοis,πλέγμα οργανώσαμε πρόσφατα 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, δημόσιων πολιτικών και την ακαδημαική κοινότητα, για την ανάπτυξη ενός Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled:

services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public action and 1 long-term informalσυζήτησης effort byμεorganized groups,νέος manufacturers, brokers of buying Βλ. Πρακτικά θέμα «Η θάλασσα, ορίζοντας για την Ελλάδα;», Πάντειο her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. Πανεπιστήμιο, Φεβρουαρίου 2017, Αμφιθέατρο Μουσείου Ακρόπολης. Βλέπετε and selling real7COLLINS estate, etc., for the depreciation initially of part of the urban web,και in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Co Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm ahttp://www.sd-med.org/2012-07-05-22-03-20/446-η-θαλασσα,-νεοσ-οριζοντασ-για-την variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually ελλαδα.html

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification 1. Τι είναι ο θαλάσσιος χωροταξικός σχεδιασμός Ανέκαθεν, ο θαλάσσιος χωροταξικός σχεδιασμός (ΘΧΣ) νοείτο ως η στρατηγική Concerns χωροθέτηση των ανθρωπίνων δραστηριοτήτων στη θάλασσα, ούτως ώστε να αποτελεσματικού κοινωνικού, πολιτικού και ακαδημαικού διαλόγου για την θαλάσσια προοπτική της χώρας μας.

επιτυγχάνεται η ρύθμιση, η διαχείριση και η προστασία του θαλασσίου περιβάλλοντος, με τρόπον ώστε να By μετριάζονται, αν όχι ελαχιστοποιούνται Mr. George-Sp. C. να ATHANASOPOULOS συγκρούσεις και αρνητικές Harvard επιδράσεις στο θαλάσσιο οικοσύστημα να αυξάνονται University, Graduate School ofκαι Design, Student, οι συνέργειες.

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Αυτό μπορεί να επιτευχθεί μέσω θαλάσσιων χωροταξικών σχεδίων ευρείας Student of the School of Architecture αποδοχής τα οποία προκύπτουν από τακτική διαβούλευσηTechnical μεταξύ των εμπλεκομένων University of Crete φορέων και προβλέπουν ενεργή εμπλοκή τους στο σχεδιασμό, καθ’ όλη τη διάρκεια υλοποίησής του και ιδανικά απόDefining την αρχή the της concept διαδικασίας.

1. Introductory approach: 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept Τα τελευταία χρόνια, ο ΘΧΣ αποκτά όλο και μεγαλύτερη ωςAthens), ένα νέο ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BCσημασία - 370 BC, πρότυπο προς μια ολοκληρωμένη, οικοσυστημική διαχείριση των θαλασσίων ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the περιοχών, που νοούνται εν μέρειhe κι left ως συνέχεια των χερσαίων.Έχει ήδη αρχίσει να among other wise heritage us,definition he established a greatδε acquisition of knowledge starts with the of the content of“principle”: concepts. the αναπτύσσεται πλαίσιο προγραμμάτων της ΕΕ, η of επεξεργασία σειράς κριτηρίων acquisition ofστο knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts. therefore, on this “principle” a first,οιifδράσεις not final, approach, theμε term καιBased, εργαλείων που αφορούν το ΘΧΣ. Γενικότερα, που σχετίζονται το 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification ΘΧΣ διαφέρουν(and ως urban προς gentrification) την έντασή τους, το βαθμό παρέμβασής τους στο 1 gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a παραμέτρους. cityisarea, the removal (in various οικοσύστημα, τη διάρκειά τους και άλλες Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways),Ειδικότερα of social groups, of low-income and the placement thereμέσω of artists, στην usually ΕΕ, ο ΘΧΣ δέχεται πλέον σημαντική ώθηση των ways), ofτων social groups, usually low-income andΠρόκειται thethis placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, etc. However “change”, regardless of Οδηγιών, πολιτικών και restaurants, τωνofκανονισμών της. για μια δέσμη από the operation ofconsequences artπου galleries, restaurants, etc.also However regardless whatever other has, results risingthis of “change”, land prices (and theof πολιτικές κινήτρων θα μπορούσαν να κατηγοριοποιηθούν σε τέσσερις βασικούς whatever other consequencesνομοθεσία, has, results alsoνομοθεσία rising of land prices the τομείς: α)relative στην περιβαλλοντική β) στη για τις ΑΠΕ,(and γ) στο potential speculation). potential relative speculation). ρυθμιστικό πλαίσιο για την αλιεία και in δ)the στο The term gentrification is found at first UKπλαίσιο in early για 1960sδιατομεακή and it refersκαι to The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto ολοκληρωμένη διαχείριση. the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor the then observed trend of wealthy people to there buy property in poor areas Οι upgrade περισσότερες από αν καιsometimes δεν προβλέπουν ρητάthus το διατομεακό ΘΧΣ, London, them, stayαυτές themselves and old residents areof επηρεάζουν άμεσα και σημαντικά την κατανομή του θαλάσσιου χώρου (σε μια ή London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. περισσότερες τομεακές δραστηριότητες) και κατά συνέπεια περιορίζουν τη being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth διαθεσιμότητά Ωςperiod, εκ τούτου δημιουργούνται συνέργειες αλλάof καιSociologist πιέσεις A description of this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work Ruth GLASS at the του. same while similar in otherμεταξύ major των τομεακών πολιτικών, αποτελώντας, ωστόσο, ευκαιρίες και προκλήσεις γιαmajor την GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. ανάπτυξη ολοκληρωμένων, διατομεακών πρωτοβουλιών. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more 3, ο και την ΟΠΘ Σε συνέχεια τωνissue στόχων που καθορίζονται από την ΟΠΘΣ 2 and Since then, the has preoccupied several scholars for various its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the θαλάσσιος χωροταξικός σχεδιασμός πρέπει να είναι σε θέσηbelow, : comprehensive approach are being summarized from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following:  να διαμορφώσει και να εφαρμόσει την οικοσυστημική προσέγγιση. interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: In asense, the phenomenon is due to trend of a new of social groups να διασφαλίζει με σαφήνεια καιa βεβαιότητα το category μέλλον των επενδύσεων to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money στους θαλάσσιους τομείς δραστηριότητας και and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the  να προλαμβάνει ή να μειώνει τις συγκρούσεις μεταξύ των διαφόρων 1.

The term comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth GLASS was born in sense of safety at the distributed residencies outside town centres, search for better χρήσεων του θαλάσσιο υ χώρου μέσω ολοκληρωμένου σχεδιασμού.

Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) ότιThe το same εγχείρημα αυτό αρκετά φιλόδοξο, δεδομένου ότι ηfor YouthΣημειώνεται Unemployment. year she left είναι Germany and after continuous movements lower living costθαλάσσιων of, in “withdrawal” from private car easier access markets, etc. διαχείριση δραστηριοτήτων στην Ευρώπη γινόταν σε μεγάλο βαθμό studies andτων research Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came to back to London, where 1943 sheβάση published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning.

In 1950 sheto became teacher in the σεinτομεακή ότι ορισμένες διενέξεις δεν μπορούν προβλεφθούν σε βάθος According to και another approach, the isναdue a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, ofaction buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit.

Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: 2 ΟΠΘΣ: Οδηγία Πλαίσιο για τη Θαλάσσια Στρατηγική της“voluntary”, Ε.Ε.

G. ALEXANDRI: Abstract. http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order to achieve the “assisted”, (actually 3

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns 2. Διεθνείς εξελίξεις

χρόνου. Αποτελεί, ωστόσο, προσφιλές για την ΕΕ θέμα η οποία ενθαρρύνει τη διακρατική συνεργασία σε επίπεδο ανταλλαγής πληροφοριών, δεδομένων και τεχνογνωσίας, αλλά και τον κοινό σχεδιασμός και τις δράσεις που ευνοούν τη βιωσιμότητα του ευρωπαϊκού θαλάσσιου χώρου. Ο ΘΧΣ είναι ήδη σε εξέλιξη στις χώρες της Δυτικής Ευρώπης για παραπάνω από μια δεκαπενταετία. Το Βέλγιο, η Ολλανδία, η Γερμανία και η C. Νορβηγία εργάζονται για

By Mr. George-Sp. ATHANASOPOULOS θαλάσσια χωρικά σχέδια δεύτερης γενιάς στη Βόρεια και στη Βαλτική Harvard University, Graduate School of Design,θάλασσα.

Student, Άλλες χώρες, πχ. ΗΠΑ, Καναδάς, Ηνωμένο Βασίλειο και Σουηδία εργάζονται πάνω

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect στην εθνική νομοθεσία ή σε άλλες πολιτικές που Student θα επιτρέψουν ένα αποτελεσματικό of the School of Architecture ΘΧΣ στα θαλάσσια ύδατά τους. Η Πολωνία και η Γαλλία, δοκιμάζουν πιλοτικές Technical University of Crete προσεγγίσεις ΘΧΣ σε διάφορες περιοχές, χωρίς ολοκληρωμένο στρατηγικό σχέδιο. Κατά την επόμενη πενταετία, πάνω από 40 χώρες θα έχουν ολοκληρώσει περίπου 601. Introductory approach: Defining the concept 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept 70 ANTISTHENIS, θαλάσσια χωροταξικά σχέδια σε εθνικό (ΑΟΖ), υπο-εθνικό ύδατα), και the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC(χωρικά - 370 BC, Athens), επαρχιακό επίπεδο. Για παράδειγμα, η Αυστραλία έχει ολοκληρώσει πέντε θαλάσσια ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the σχέδια καλύπτουν ολόκληρη την αποκλειστική οικονομική ζώνη της (ΑΟΖ), το amongπου other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a great acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content of“principle”: concepts. the Βέλγιο έχει εγκρίνει αναθεωρημένο θαλάσσιο χωροταξικό σχέδιο γιαof την ΑΟΖ του, η acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content concepts.

Based,έχει therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term Γερμανία ολοκληρώσει πέντε σχέδια που καλύπτουν δύο ΑΟΖ στη Βαλτική και 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term (and urban is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Βόρεια θάλασσα και τρίαgentrification) Länder (παράκτια ομόσπονδα κρατίδια που έχουν 1 gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as στα well), as the “refining” a cityisarea, theέχει removal (in various δικαιοδοσία γερμανικά χωρικά of ύδατα), η Κίνα ολοκληρώσει εννέα σχέδια Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups,που usually of low-income andτων the χωρικών placement there of artists, επαρχιακού επιπέδου καλύπτουν το σύνολο υδάτων της, στις ways), of Πολιτείες social groups, of low-income and ολοκληρώσει thethis placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”, regardless of Ηνωμένες τρεις usually παράκτιες πολιτείες έχουν και εφαρμόζουν the operation ofconsequences art galleries, etc.also However this regardless whatever other has, results rising of “change”, land prices (and theof θαλάσσια χωροταξικά σχέδια.restaurants, Επίσης, επιχειρείται συντονισμός των εθνικών whatever other consequences has, results also rising of landγια prices (and the potential relative speculation). πολιτικών στο επίπεδο των περιφερειακών θαλάσσιων λεκανών, παράδειγμα, potential relative speculation). στη Βόρεια και στη Βαλτική Θάλασσα εν in μέρει Αδριατική-Ιόνιο. Ο it θαλάσσιος The term gentrification is found atκαι first theστην UK in early 1960s and refers to The term gentrification foundεπίσης atpeople firstστις in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto χωροταξικός σχεδιασμός εξελίσσεται αρκτικές θάλασσες. the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas Αυτό πάντως που έχει ιδιαίτερη σημασία (για τη χώρα μας) είναι οτιof London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are οθαλάσσιος σχεδιασμός αν και αναπτύχθηκε αρχικά σε χώρες υψηλών εισοδημάτων London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. στη Δυτική Ευρώπη, Βόρειο Αμερική και Αυστραλία, εξελίσσεται τώρα με ταχείς being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth ρυθμούς μεσαίου και χαμηλού εισοδήματος για in ναthe επιτύχουν οικονομικά και A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS atσεthe same while similar were recorded in other major περιβαλλοντικά οφέλη, όπως οιwhile Κίνα,similar Βιετνάμ, Ινδονησία, Νότιος Αφρική, Καραϊβική GLASS at the same period, situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. και το inΤρίγωνο των Κοραλλίων πουResearchers. αποτελεί το παγκόσμιο κέντρο θαλάσσιας cities Western countries, bypreoccupied other Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more βιοποικιλότητας.

Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more

comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various comprehensive approach are being summarized from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thebelow, following: 3. Ο θαλάσσιος σχεδιασμός πρέπει να ενσωματωθεί στο Εθνικό σύστημα interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: In a sense,και theμε phenomenon σχεδιασμού ποιό τρόπο;is due to a trend of a new category of social groups to “return” to theμεcity, the purlieus reasons:δραστηριότητες high costs in money Σύμφωνα τηνleaving Εδαφική Ατζέντα τηςfor ΕΕseveral «Οι θαλάσσιες είναι and time toς travel from the purlieus to downtown, whereΗ work is,σιο lackγια of the ουσιαστικε για την εδαφικη συνοχη στην Ευρωπη... Οδηγιplace α Πλαι τη termat comes from GLASS wasbetter born sense ofThe safety the distributed outside town for Θαλα1.σσια Στρατηγικη ( rSociologist ne residencies r e Ruthr GLASS, e r 1912-1940. re centres, e) Ruth και ηsearch Ολοκληρωμε νηin Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: Θαλα σσιαof health, Πολιτικηeducation, της Ε.Ε.entertainment ( n e r “at ed the heart r eof the city”, ) καλου ν για services (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for συντονισμε νες δρα σεις απο πλευρα ς κρατω ν-μελω ν για την εφαρμογη θαλα σσιου lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc. studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back to London, where χωροταξικου σχεδιασμου . approach, Ο regarding σχεδιασμο ς phenomenon αυτο ς θα In πρε ναtobecame ενσωματωθει στα in According 1943 she published studies city planning.

1950 she teacher in the to another the isπει due a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public action and υφιστα μενα εθνικα συστη ματα χωρικου σχεδιασμου προκειμε νου να επιτευχθει long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by aπτυξη passionτων for justice.

See νalso: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. αρμονικη και βιω σιμηetc., ανα περιοχω που νουν συνε χεια and selling realCOLLINS estate, for theCodepreciation initially ofπεριλαμβα part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: θαλα σσιων και χερσαι ων περιοχω ν (land-se n nuu )» G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

Όσον αφορά, τώρα, στις εθνικές ρυθμίσεις και πρωτοβουλίες (Ηνωμένο Βασίλειο και Σκωτία, Σουηδία και Φινλανδία, Πορτογαλία, Ισπανία, Γερμανία, Βέλγιο, Ολλανδία, Νορβηγία και Γαλλία...)θεωρούμε οτι η εμπειρία του Ηνωμένου Βασιλείου μπορεί να είναι πολύ διδακτική για τη χώρα μας, δεδομένου ότι αγνοώντας τις υφιστάμενες δομές χερσαίου σχεδιασμού δημιούργησε εξ ολοκλήρου νέο πλαίσιο. Καταρτίστηκε και εγκρίθηκε εθνική νομοθεσία, δηλαδή το νομοσχέδιο θαλάσσιας και παράκτιας πρόσβασης (Marine and Coastal Access Actof 2009) που επιτρέπει το ΘΧΣ. Ο νόμος καθιέρωσε επίσης τον Οργανισμό Διαχείρισης C.της θάλασσας ( r ne

By Mr. George-Sp. ATHANASOPOULOS Management Organization, Harvard O) που έχει την ευθύνη για τον σχεδιασμό στοStudent, σύνολο University, Graduate School of Design, των χωρικών υδάτων. Η δομή και το αναλυτικό περιεχόμενο των θαλασσίων σχεδίων

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect αποτελούνευθύνη του Οργανισμού Διαχείρισης Student της θάλασσας. Η Σκωτία συνέταξε, of the School of Architecture ομοίως, Σχέδιο θαλάσσιου νόμου για τη διαχείριση των θαλασσών Οι δύοofαυτοί Technical της.

University Crete νόμοι προβλέπουν εξ ολοκλήρου νέα διοικητική δομή (οργάνωση για τη διαχείριση του1.θαλάσσιου περιβάλλοντος) για τηνthe απλούστευση Introductory approach: Defining concept των διαδικασιών έκδοσης 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), αδειών.

ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, 4 που επεξέτεινε τη νομοθεσία της Αντιθετικό παράδειγμα αποτελεί η Γερμανία ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the περί χωροταξικού σχεδιασμού, και επομένως αρμοδιότητές της για“principle”: ΘΧΣ, στην ΑΟΖ among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition heτιςestablished a great acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content of concepts. the και γενικότερα χωρικά της ύδατα βασική κινητήρια δύναμη την του acquisition ofστα knowledge starts withμε the of the content ofανάπτυξη concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” indefinition a first, if not final, approach, the term τομέα αιολικής ενέργειας ανοικτής θαλάσσης. Το σχέδιο θαλάσσιου χωροταξικού 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in not final, approach, the term urban gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification σχεδιασμού που(and πρόσφατα, καλύπτει και τις the τρεις διαστάσεις του ΘΧΣ 1 αναπτύχθηκε gentrification (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or Sociology well), asύδατος the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various (επιφάνεια,as στήλη και θαλάσσιος βυθός) και προσδιορίζει ζώνες για Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of socialθαλάσσιες groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, συγκεκριμένες δραστηριότητες. ways), social groups, usually of low-income andαπό thethis placement of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”, regardless of Η ofεγγυημένη επιδότηση της παραγόμενης την αιολικήthere ηλεκτρικής the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, resultsγια also risingέργα of land prices (and την theof ενέργειας προκάλεσε τεράστιο ενδιαφέρον σχετικά με αποτέλεσμα whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, τις results alsoαρχές. risingΗofαλληλοεπικάλυψη land prices (andστο the υποβολήυπεράριθμων προτάσεων προς αρμόδιες potential relative potential speculation). χώρο οιrelative συγκρούσεις μεisάλλες χρήσεις ήταν βέβαια Theκαι term gentrification foundσημαντικές at first in the UK in(π.χ., earlyναυτιλία) 1960s and it refers to The term gentrification found σημαντική atpeople first in the UKπλαίσια in early 1960s and itareas refersof αναπόφευκτες. Ωστόσο, του ΘΧΣ ήταν ηto the then observed trendιδιαίτερα ofiswealthy toστα buy property in poor the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas προσπάθεια διατήρησης της ανταγωνιστικότητας στη ναυτιλία. Οι κύριες διαδρομές London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof πλοήγησης αποτέλεσαν βασικό πλαίσιο για τον ΘΧΣ. χρήσεις στην ΑΟΖ London, upgrade them,το stay themselves sometimes thereΆλλες and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. ευθυγραμμίστηκαν με αυτό το πλαίσιο. η εξασφάλιση των φυσικών πόρων με την being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth αποφυγή της ρύπανσης του θαλάσσιου περιβάλλοντος.

A description ofperiod, this και phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS atτων theδιαταραχών same while similar in other major ΣτηatΓερμανία, τα ομόσπονδα κράτη situations (γερμανικάwere ομόσπονδα κρατίδια) είναι GLASS the same period, while similar recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. αρμόδια την εφαρμογή του Δικτύου Natura 2000 στην ξηρά και στα παράκτια cities inγια Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has several scholars and αποκλειστική for its more ύδατα, δηλαδή, εντός της ζώνης των 12 ναυτικών Στην Since then, the issue has preoccupied severalμιλίων. scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from οικονομική ζώνη (ΑΟΖ), η οποία are εκτείνεται προς τη θάλασσα από ταfrom παράκτια ύδατα, comprehensive approach being summarized below, the various interpretations the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: είναι υπεύθυνη ηofομοσπονδιακή κυβέρνηση. interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In aΤο sense, theof phenomenon dueof togentrification, aχώρες trend που of a new of social groups Βέλγιο ήταν από τις isπρώτες εφάρμοσαν ένα λειτουργικό, to “return” to the city,σύστημα leaving θαλάσσιου the purlieusχωροταξικού for several reasons: highπου costs in money πολλαπλών χρήσεων σχεδιασμού καλύπτει τα and timeύδατα to travel fromΑΟΖ theτης purlieus toΠαρά downtown, where work is, lack of the χωρικά και την χώρας. το αναλογικά μικρόplace μέγεθος, η Βελγική 1.of The termπαράκτια from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth GLASS wasbetter born in sense safety atcomes the distributed residencies outside town centres, search for θαλάσσια και περιοχή υφίσταται εντατική χρήση.Ο ορισμός θαλάσσιων Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: χρήσεων έγινε μέσωeducation, « s er entertainment n» με χωροθέτηση σε ζώνες με κινητήρια δύναμη την services of health, “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for εξόρυξη άμμου και χαλικιού και την υπεράκτια αιολική ενέργεια. Σε δεύτερη φάση lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc. studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back to London, where in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public action and 4 long-term informalσχέδια effortγιαbyτηorganized manufacturers, brokers buying Τα γερμανικά Βόρειο και τηgroups, Νότιο Θάλασσα είναι διαθέσιμα στην of ιστοσελίδα her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. της Bundesamt für Seeschifffahrt und Hydrographie (BSH WIKIPEDIA: - Ομοσπονδιακή Ναυτιλιακή and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for the depreciation initially of part of the urban web,και in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Co Ltd. London 2009.

The Free Encyclopedia: Υπηρεσία της Abstract. Γερμανίας): www.bsh.de/en/Marine_uses/ Spatial_Planning Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm aΥδρογραφική variety of ways, in order to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

146

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

καθορίστηκαν θαλάσσιες προστατευόμενες περιοχές (δίκτυο NAT RA 2000). Άδειες οικοδόμησης και χρήσης για ένα δεδομένο τύπο δραστηριότητας χορηγούνται μόνο εντός των καθορισμένων ζωνών και οι σχετικές χρήσεις υπόκεινται σε τακτική παρακολούθηση και αξιολόγηση. Εν κατακλείδι, κατά τα τελευταία 10 χρόνια, ο θαλάσσιος χωροταξικός σχεδιασμός στο Βέλγιο έχει εξελιχθεί από ένα απλό "MasterPlan",σχέδιο ζωνών, που βασίζεται κατά κύριο λόγο σε τομεακά συμφέροντα και χωρίς νομική σημασία, σε ένα ολοκληρωμένο, πολλαπλών χρήσεων πρόγραμμα με ισχυρή νομική εξουσία.

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Το 2007, η ΙσπανίαHarvard υιοθέτησε στρατηγική για την αειφορία τωνStudent, ακτών University, Graduate School of Design, καιαρκετές περιφέρειες5 έχουν εκπονήσει ολοκληρωμένα σχέδια διαχείρισης των

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect παράκτιων ζωνών τους. Ωστόσο μόλις το 2010, η Student Ισπανία of εισήγαγε τον ΘΧΣ μέσω της the School of Architecture νομοθετικής πράξης για την προστασία του θαλάσσιου περιβάλλοντος, καθορίζοντας Technical University of Crete έτσι γενικές αρχές και διαδικασίες για το θαλάσσιο σχεδιασμό και ενσωματώνοντας την1.οδηγία πλαίσιο για τη θαλάσσια στρατηγική της ΕΕ στην ισπανική νομοθεσία. Το Introductory approach: Defining the concept 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept γεωγραφικό πεδίο εφαρμογής του νέου νόμου είναι τα εσωτερικά ύδατα, χωρικά ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC - 370 BC,ταAthens), ύδατα, η αποκλειστική οικονομική ζώνη στον Ατλαντικό, η ζώνη προστασίας της ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the αλιείας στη Μεσόγειο και η υφαλοκρηπίδα της. Δημιουργήθηκε μια Διυπουργική among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the Επιτροπή θαλάσσιων στρατηγικών γιαthe το definition συντονισμόofτης διατύπωσης, εφαρμογής acquisition of knowledge starts with the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, theσειρά term και παρακολούθησης του θαλάσσιου περιβαλλοντικού σχεδιασμού, ενώ μια 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the (andπου urban gentrification) is indicated the area Planning)term (or gentrification από πρωτοβουλίες σχετίζονται με το ΘΧΣ (δηλαδή(in θέματα πουofσχετίζονται με 1 (and urban gentrification gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or Sociology well), as the “refining” of aNatura city area, the ανανεώσιμες removal fromπηγές this, (in various θαλάσσιες as προστατευόμενες περιοχές, 2000, ενέργειας Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andμελέτη the placement of artists, κτλ.) βρίσκονται σε εξέλιξη (λ.χ. έχει δρομολογηθεί σχετικά μεthere τη δημιουργία ways), of social groups, of and placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of ζωνών στα χωρικά της usually ύδατα γιαlow-income τη χρήση της the αιολικής ενέργειας ανοικτής the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever has,έχουν results also rising of land prices (and theof θάλασσας) other αλλά consequences μέχρι στιγμής, δεν αναπτυχθεί διατομεακές πρωτοβουλίες whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the ΘΧΣ. potential relative potential relative Ισπανία έχειspeculation). χαρακτηρίσει περιοχές κατάλληλες και ακατάλληλες (“ to TheΗterm gentrification is foundεπίσης at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers The term foundαιολική atpeople firstενέργεια, in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refers and then no”observed re gentrification s) γιαtrend την υπεράκτια αλλά, ομοίως μεpoor τη Γαλλία, δεν the ofiswealthy to buy property in ofto the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas έχει ακόμη αναπτύξει μια ολοκληρωμένη διαδικασία ΘΧΣ.

London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof

London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”.

4. Η κατάσταση οι προοπτικές στην Ελλάδα being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of thisκαι phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth Αναφορικά με την ολοκληρωμένη αντιμετώπιση της χωροταξίας, εν A description of this phenomenon is included theθαλάσσιας work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same period, while similar situationsinwere recorded in other major όψει της εφαρμογής της Οδηγίας 2014/89/Ε.Ε./23 Ιουλίου 2014 «Περί θεσπίσεως GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. πλαισίου για τον countries, θαλάσσιο by χωροταξικό σχεδιασμό», η Ελλάδα υποχρεούται να cities in Western other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and δίκαιο. for its Για more ενεργήσει στην κατεύθυνση της ενσωμάτωσης της Οδηγίας στο εθνικό το Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from σκοπό αυτό, μόλις εξέδωσε σχετικό σχέδιο νόμου και ολοκλήρωσε τη σχετική comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon gentrification, theΕνέργειας following: διαβούλευση.(νομοσχέδιο ΥπουργείουofΠεριβάλλοντος και ) interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: In aΗsense, theείναι phenomenon is due to a trendτου of aΥπουργείου new category of social groups αλήθεια οτι πριν την πωτοβουλία Περιβάλλοντος και to “return”ηtoδιοίκηση the city, ισχυριζόταν leaving the purlieus for several high costs in money Ενέργειας, οτι η χώρα δεν έχειreasons: άμεση ανάγκη στρατηγικού and time toχωροταξικού travel from the purlieusλόγω to downtown, where work placeανταγωνισμών is, lack of the θαλάσσιου σχεδιασμού μη εκδηλωμένων σοβαρών 1.of The term from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth GLASS for was born in sense safety atcomes the distributed residencies town centres, better μεταξύ των θαλάσσιων τομέων σε εθνικό ήoutside διεθνές επίπεδο και search υπάρχει έλλειψη Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: πραγματικής ανάγκης σε συνδυασμό με το μεγάλο μήκος ακτογραμμής ((possibly) ur pe n services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for Cstudies ssandn,research rep r , 2011). Η θεώρηση αυτή τη lower living costunof,r in “withdrawal” from private easier access markets, etc.where Geneva, Prague, London and car New Yorkαντανακλούσε she came to back toασφαλώς London, γνωστή λογική του χερσαίου σχεδιασμού που επιβάλλεται εν πολλοίς in According 1943 περιοριστική she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public action and από την δημοσιοϋπαλληλία. long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: Abstract. http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually 5 Αστούριας, Κανταβρία και Ανδαλουσία.

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

Εδώ φαίνεται η έλλειψη ενός υψηλού επιπέδου διυπουργικού οργάνου με ισχυρή συντονιστική αρμοδιότητα που να ασχολείται προοπτικά με το χωροταξικό σχεδιασμό, με άλλα λόγια από την έλλειψη ουσιαστικής στρατηγικής χωροταξίας, απολύτως απαραίτητης σε μία χώρα με κατακερματισμένο κοινωνικό ιστό όπως η Ελλάδα της κρίσης.Είναι, ωστόσο προφανές οτι δεδομένης της οικονομικής κρίσης και της αναζήτησης αναπτυξιακής προοπτικής στη χώρα, απαιτείται επιτέλους όραμα και συγκρότηση στρατηγικής για μια πραγματική χωρική αλλαγή που θα ενσωματώνει και το θαλάσσιο χώρο.

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Οφείλουμε να συνειδητοποιήσουμε ότι η Graduate θάλασσα βρίσκεται στην καρδιά των Harvard University, School of Design, Student, πλανητικών διακυβευμάτων, τόσο ως προς την αστικοποίησηη ανθρωπότητα είναι

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect περισσότερο πολυπληθής και αστική από ποτέ με of τιςtheπλέον και Student Schoolδυναμικές of Architecture πολυπληθείς αστικές συγκεντρώσεις να βρίσκονται στον παράκτιο χώρο-, όσο και ως Technical University of Crete προς τις διεθνείς γεωπολιτικές προκλήσεις και τις προκλήσεις που συνεπάγεται η κλιματική αλλαγή και η ενεργειακή μετάβαση. Η θάλασσα είναι άλλωστε ένας τομέας 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept κατ'εξοχήν έκφρασης δημοσίου συμφέροντος. Η σημερινή κυβέρνηση λοιπόν ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC - 370 μπορεί BC, Athens), να δώσει το παράδειγμα.

ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the Προκειμένου ο θαλάσσιος χωροταξικός σχεδιασμός να είναι among other wise όμως heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the «προληπτικός» και όχι εκ των υστέρων να αποκτήσει αναπτυξιακή δυναμική, acquisition of knowledge starts with theκαι the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” indefinition a first, if of not final, approach, the term απαιτείται άμεσα να ξεκινήσει ένας ουσιαστικός διάλογος, πολιτικός, κοινωνικός και 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term (andτιςurban gentrification) is indicated the area (or gentrification ακαδημαϊκός για ανάγκες, τους στόχους, τους (in όρους και of τιςPlanning) προοπτικές 1 gentrification (and urban gentrification) isarea, indicated (in the areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city the removal (in various διαμόρφωσης και εφαρμογής του. Μια απλή διαβούλευση σε from ένα νομοσχέδιο που Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of socialαπό groups, usually ofυπουργείο low-income the placement there of artists, έχει παραχθεί ένα τομεακό (το and Ενέργειας και Περιβάλλοντος) δεν ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement of artists, the operation of art restaurants, etc. However “change”,there regardless of είναι επαρκής για έναgalleries, τέτοιας εμβέλειας ζήτημα. the operation ofconsequences art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this regardless whatever other has, results also rising of “change”, land prices (and theof Για τη θαλάσσια χωροταξική πολιτική απαιτούνται κατ΄αρχήν:

148

whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative • Ισχυρή πολιτική βούληση για διαμόρφωση εθνικής στρατηγικής (με ορίζοντα potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is foundωςatπολιτική first in the UK inαπό early 1960s and κυβέρνηση it refers to το 2021). Αυτό έχει ήδη εκφρασθεί τη σημερινή The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first inβούληση the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor (βλ.και ομιλία του Αντιπροέδρου της Κυβέρνησης κ. Γιάννη Δραγασάκη στην the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas London, stay themselves sometimes and thus old residents areof συζήτησηupgrade με θέμα them, «Η θάλασσα, νέος ορίζοντας για τηνthere Ελλάδα;», 7.2.2017).

London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”.

• Ενσωμάτωση στο Εθνικό Σύστημα σχεδιασμού, αρχών και κατευθύνσεων για being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth την θάλασσα και τον παράκτιο χώρο (όπως για παράδειγμα η διάδραση γηςA description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major θάλασσας). να εξετασθεί αν ο ΘΧΣ θα συνδεθεί με τον ήδη GLASS atΘα theπρέπει same period, situations were recorded in υπάρχοντα other major cities in Western countries, bywhile othersimilar Researchers. χερσαίο σχεδιασμό που όπως είναι γνωστό χαρακτηρίζεται από πλήθος παθογενειών cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more και ελλειμμάτων εφαρμογής. Η preoccupied περίπτωση τουseveral Ηνωμένου Βασιλείου με διακριτό Since then, the issue has scholars andthe for its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from various σύστημα ΘΧΣ θα πρέπει, κατά την άποψή μας να εξετασθεί και για τη χώραthe μας. comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: Ο ΘΧΣ αποτελεί μια πραγματική ευκαιρία να αξιοποιηθούν τα αρνητικά In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new category of social groups διδάγματα τονcity, χερσαίο χωροταξικό σχεδιασμό και reasons: δεδομένου τουcosts διαφορετικού to “return”από to the leaving the purlieus for several high in money ιδιοκτησιακού καθεστώτος, να προβεί η χώρα σε ένα στρατηγικό ολοκληρωμένο and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the σχεδιασμό απαλλαγμένο από τις πελατειακές λογικές, τη διακριτική εκμετάλλευση 1.of The term from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS wasbetter born in sense safety atcomes the distributed residencies outside town centres, for της γεωπροσόδου καιherλοιπές παθογένειες του published υφιστάμενου χωροταξικού και Berlin, where she made first studies.

In 1932 she an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment.

The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for πολεοδομικού σχεδιασμού. lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, • Για ξοδο studies αποapproach, την οικονομικη κριση, η In εκμετα λλευση θαλασσιων in According 1943 she την published regarding cityphenomenon planning.

1950 sheto became teacher in the toεanother the is due a των systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public action and φυσικω ν και α λλων πο ρων παρα λληλα με αυτου ς των χερσαι ων παρα κτιων long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by a passion forτην justice.

See ηση also: της COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. περιοχών προυποθέτει, πρώτα απ΄ο λα κατανο πεδης διαστασης and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for the depreciation initially of πολυεπι part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Co Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: της δια δρασης ξηρα ς-θα λασσας και το κατα πο σον το μοντε λο του χερσαιου G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

χωροταξικού σχεδιασμού μπορεί να μεταφερθεί στη θάλασσα, δεδομένης και της 2521 11

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

δυσκολίας που έχει διαφανεί διαχρονικά στη διευθέτηση του παρακτιου χωρου που αποτελει μια ζωνη μεταβασης. Κατοπιν, ο συντονισμος μεταξυ των διαφορετικων οικονομικων τομεων (οριζοντια) και μεταξυ των επιπεδων διακυβερνησης (καθετα) αποτελούν επίσης κρίσιμα ζητούμενα και προυποθέσεις για να αποφευχθεί η επανάληψη της άναρχης και πολλές φορές ασυντόνιστης, χωροβόρου και αναποτελεσματικής χωροταξίας του χερσαίου χώρου, στη θάλασσα.

• Εγκαθίδρυση ουσιαστικής διυπουργικής (και ενδοϋπουργικής) συνεργασίας,

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS ενδεχομένως με τη σύσταση διυπουργικού οργάνου που μπορεί να υπάγεται στο Γρ.

Harvard University, Graduate School Design, πρωθυπουργού ή στο Γραφείο του Αντιπροέδρου της κυβέρνησηςof (στο βαθμόStudent, που τα By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS ζητήματα αυτά εμπλέκουν ζητήματα γεωπολιτικής σημασίας, ασφάλειας καιArchitect εθνικής Student of the School of Architecture άμυνας.

Technical University of Crete • Ανάληψη του εγχειρήματος από Οργανισμό με ικανότητα άσκησης στρατηγικού χωρικού σχεδιασμού που the συμπεριλαμβάνει ευρύτατες συμμετοχικές 1. Introductory approach: Defining concept 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept διαδικασίες και διαβούλευση, αλλά και άσκησης οριζόντιων που θα ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -πολιτικών 370 BC, Athens), εμπλέκουν πολλούς διαφορετικούς συμμετόχους (s eh ders), συμπεριλαμβαANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the νομένων των ιδιωτών επενδυτών. Προσοχή: σημερινά aΥπουργεία που ασκούν among other wise heritage left us,definition he Τα established greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with the of the content concepts. the κατακερματισμένες αρμοδιότητες ως προς τον χωρικόof και οικονομικό αναπτυξιακό acquisition of knowledge starts with thein definition the content of/ concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, ifκαι not final, approach, the term σχεδιασμό (Γενική Γραμματεία Χωρικού Σχεδιασμού Αστικού Περιβάλλοντος 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the του term (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area Planning) (or gentrification Υπουργείου Περιβάλλοντος και Ενέργειας, Υπουργείο Οικονομίας καιof Ανάπτυξης κλπ) 1 gentrification (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various δεν μπορούν κατά την άποψή μας να συνεχίσουν να λειτουργούν κατ' αυτό τον τρόπο Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income the placement of artists, και ως προς τη θαλάσσια χωροταξία. Είναι βέβαιοand οτι η απόκλιση έως there σύγκρουση που ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement ofκαι artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”,there regardless of εκφράζεται στην ΕΕ μεταξύ της Ολοκληρωμένης Θαλάσσιας Πολιτικής (ΟΘΠ) της the operation ofconsequences art galleries, restaurants, etc.also However regardless whatever other has,Στρατηγική results risingthis of land prices (and theof Οδηγίας-Πλαίσιο για τη Θαλάσσια (ΟΠΘΣ) θα “change”, μεταφερθεί και στο whatever otherμεspeculation). consequences also rising of land prices (and the potential relative επίπεδο αυτό αποτέλεσμα has, την results αναποτελεσματικότητα εφαρμογής των potential relative speculation). επενδυτικών σχεδίων στη θάλασσα.

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to

The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the buy UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend property in poor • Συγκέντρωση απόofεπί μέρους φορείς,to Ευρωπαϊκούς και εθνικούς, της the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas of London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there thus oldμια residents απαραίτητης χωρικής πληροφορίας και δημιουργίας νέας. and Απαιτείται «e denare eLondon, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being “squeezed”.με τα ευρωπαϊκά δεδομένα. b sed indirectly p » εναρμονισμένη being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth αφορά στους θα πρέπει να recorded περιλαμβάνονται, κατά AΤέλος, description of this phenomenon is situations included inwere the work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at theόσον same period, while στόχους, similar in other major προτεραιότητα εκτός από τηνwhile προστασία του θαλάσσιου περιβάλλοντος καιmajor της GLASS at the same period, similar situations were recorded in other cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. βιοποικιλότητας, cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more  η καλή περιβελλοντική κατάστασητων θαλάσσιων υδάτων, and for its more Since then, the issue has several below, scholars comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized from the various  η αειφόρος διαχείριση των θαλάσσιων πόρων, comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following:  η αντιμετώπιση των συσσωρευμένων επιπτώσεων του τουρισμού, interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new category of social groups  η σύνδεση με τις ρυθμίσεις στον παράκτιο χώρο, to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money  η προσαρμοστική διαχείριση ( d p e n e en ) και and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the  η εισαγωγή της νέας έννοιας και πρακτικής της «πράσινης υποδομής» ( reen 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, nfr s ruwhere ure)η μπορεί, εκτός των άλλων να παίξειan ρόλο στη διάχυση του Berlin, sheοποία made her first studies.

In 1932 she published important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) οφέλους από τη θαλάσσια ανάπτυξη ενδοχώρα, στην περιφερειακή Youth Unemployment.

The same year sheστην left Germany and δηλαδή after continuous movements for lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private car access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and Neweasier York she came to back to London, θεώρηση του θαλάσσιου σχεδιασμού με τις αντίστοιχες ενδεχομένως μεταφορές in 1943 she published studies regarding city planning.

In 1950 she became teacher in the According to another approach, the phenomenon is due to a systematic and αρμοδιοτήτων στις περιφέρειες και στις πόλεις, κάτι που μπορεί να αποτελέσει υπό University College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public action and long-term informal effortοικονομικής by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying τις παρούσες συνθήκες κρίσης, καταλύτη για την brokers περιφερειακή και her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in εθνική οικονομία.

10th edit.

Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

Μια προσαρμοστική, οικοσυστημική και ολοκληρωμένη προσέγγιση για τη διαχείριση των ανθρώπινων δραστηριοτήτων στους παράκτιους και θαλάσσιους χώρους φαίνεται να είναι ο καλύτερος δρόμος που θα μπορούσε να ακολουθήσει ο ΘΧΣ στο πλαίσιο της μετατόπισης του ενδιαφέροντος από τη «δικαιοδοτική» σημασία της θάλασσας σε μιά έννοια «κληροδοτηματοποίησής» της (p r n s n) που αποτελεί τη σύγχρονη τάση στην αντιμετώπιση αυτού του παγκόσμιου κοινού αγαθού.

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS 5. Συμπεράσματα-Προοπτικές Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, Εν κατακλείδι, για να παράγει By θέσεις εργασίας και ανάπτυξη, η Architect ελληνική Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS οικονομία πρέπει να προσανατολισθεί σε νέους,Student ανταγωνιστικούς, κλάδους και να of the School of Architecture αναβαθμίσει τη δραστηριότητα που ήδη υπάρχει σε εξωστρεφείς κλάδους όπως ο Technical University of Crete τουρισμός. Όμως σε συνθήκες βαθιάς ύφεσης, όπου τα διαθέσιμα κονδύλια και πιστώσεις για επενδύσεις είναι εξαιρετικά δυσεύρετα, απαιτείται συντονισμένη 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 δράση και άμεσο σχέδιο στροφής της οικονομίας προςBC ανταγωνιστικούς και ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, - 370 BC, Athens), εξωστρεφείς κλάδους, όπως αυτοί της θαλάσσιας ανάπτυξης. Το προτεινόμενο εθνικό ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the σχέδιο παραγωγικής θα έπρεπε να θέσει στόχους για την ελληνική among other wise ανασυγκρότησης heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof “principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the οικονομία μεofορίζοντα τουλάχιστον 2030, προκρίνοντας λύσεις στα μεγάλα acquisition knowledge starts with το thein definition the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first,στους if of not final, approach, term προβλήματα που αποτρέπουν τις επενδύσεις θαλάσσιους καιthe άλλους 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the urbanκαι gentrification) is indicated (in the area Planning)term (or gentrification αναπτυξιακούς (and ιδιαίτερα τη χρηματοδότηση, τις of επαγγελματικές 1 κλάδους gentrification (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or Sociology as theκαι “refining” city area, the removal from this, (in various δεξιότητες,as τιςwell), υποδομές βεβαίωςof τοaεπιχειρηματικό περιβάλλον.

Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways),ΗofΕλλάδα social groups, of low-income and the placementμε there artists, είναι μιάusually Μεσογειακή χώρα, άρρηκτα συνδεδεμένη την of θάλασσα, ofακτών social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement of artists, the operation of 16.000 art galleries, restaurants, However “change”, regardless of μεways), μήκος χλμ., δεύτερη μετάetc. τη Νορβηγία στην Ευρώπηthere και 10η στον the operation ofconsequences art restaurants, etc.also However this regardless whatever other has, rising of “change”, land ζώνη prices (and theof κόσμο, με το 80% τουgalleries, πληθυσμού της results να κατοικεί στην παράκτια των 10χλμ. whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the και με σημαντικό παράκτιο τουρισμό, και θα έπρεπε να ήταν πρωτοπόρος στην potential relative potential relative speculation). υιοθέτηση ολοκληρωμένης πολιτικής σχεδιασμού The term gentrification is found atθαλάσσιου first in the χωρικού UK in early 1960s andμεit εθνικούς refers to The term gentrification found first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto στόχους και επιδιώξεις, κυρίως στηνatπροοπτική δημιουργίας θέσεων εργασίας.H the then observed trend ofiswealthy people to buy property in poor the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas θάλασσα θα έπρεπε να έχει τη «γεύση του μέλλοντος» για τους Έλληνες.

London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof Άποψή μας“squeezed”. είναι ότιstay παράλληλα με τη νησιωτικήthere πολιτική ( καιold όχιresidents σε ταύτιση London, upgrade them, themselves sometimes and thus are being indirectly μεbeing αυτήν) που όμως είναι ήδη βεβαρυμένη με τα ζητήματα του υψηλού ΦΠΑ και τα indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth θέματα της νησιωτικότητας, των άγονων πουrecorded δεν επιλύονται A description ofperiod, this phenomenon isγραμμών includedκλπ inwere the work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar situations in otherεύκολα, major πρέπει ναat the δοθεί έμφαση στην οργάνωση μιας were συντονισμένης κρατικής GLASS same period, while similar situations recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. στρατηγικής για countries, τη θαλάσσια χωροταξία. Είναι ένας νέος ελπιδοφόρος τομέας cities in Western bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issueαπό has several scholars and for itsκαι more που Since αρκεί να οργανωθεί την αρχή, με βάση στρατηγικές κατευθύνσεις ένα then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from ολοκληρωμένο σχέδιο διαχείρισης, δηλαδή ένα σχέδιο πολυσυμμετοχικής και comprehensive approach are being summarized from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thebelow, following: πολυεπίπεδης διακυβέρνησης.

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interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money Βιβλιογραφικές αναφορές and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, whereεκδήλωση work placeτου is, lack of the Δραγασάκης Γιάννης, Κεντρική ομιλία στην Παντείου 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth GLASS Μπουσείο wasbetter born in sense safety distributed outside town centres, search for Πανεπιστημίου «Ηthe θάλασσα, νέοςresidencies ορίζοντας για την Ελλάδα;», 7.2.2017, Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: Ακρόπολης, Αθήνα,education, διαθέσιμηentertainment στον σύνδεσμο: http://www.sd-med.org/images/ services of health, “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for Ομιλία_τελικ _Αντιπρόεδρος lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, Κυβέλου Στ.another (επιμέλεια), Θαλάσσια Χωρικά ζητήματα : θαλάσσια διάσταση της in According 1943 she published studies regarding city planning.

In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to approach, the phenomenon is due a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public action and εδαφικής συνοχής, θαλάσσια χωροταξία, βιώσιμη γαλάζια ανάπτυξη, Εκδόσεις long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work Αθήνα, are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. ΚΡΙΤΙΚΗ, 2016, σ.652. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: kyvelou@panteion.gr Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm ae-mail: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

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ΠΡΟΔΙΚΑΣΤΙΚΗ GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types ΠΑΡΑΠΟΜΠΗ of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Του κ. Μάριου Α. ΚΟΥΤΣΟΦΤΑ Πτυχιούχ. Νομικής ΑΠΘ, Διπλ. ΑΑΚ, Πανεπ. ΝΕΑΠΟΛΙΣ Concerns LLM Δημοσίου Κατηγόρου, Νομική Υπηρεσία της Κυπριακής Δημοκρατίας

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, Κατά το άρθρο 267 ΣΛΕΕ, δικαίωμα για προδικαστική παραπομπή

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect έχει ένα Δικαστήριο κάποιου κράτους μέλους. Οι αποφάσεις αυτού του Student of the School of Architecture Δικαστηρίου πρέπει να περιβάλλονται το κύρος της Technical νομολογιακής απόφασης University of Crete

και είναι δεσμευτικές. Έτσι, δικαίωμα για προδικαστική παραπομπή έχει και μια1.επιτροπή για την οποία ισχύουν ταthe ανωτέρω.

Introductory approach: Defining concept 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept Σύμφωνα με το άρθρο 267 παρ.

1 ΣΛΕΕ, μπορούν να Athens), τεθούν ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC - 370 BC, ερωτήματα την ισχύ ή την ερμηνεία του-“principle”: δευτερογενούς ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC 370 BC, Athens), among otherπου wise αφορούν heritage he left us, he established a great the among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a great Ενωσιακού Σ’ starts αυτάhe περιλαμβάνεται ηofερμηνεία των Συνθηκών, the η acquisition ofΔικαίου. knowledge with the content of“principle”: concepts. acquisition of knowledge starts with theοργάνων of the content of concepts. ισχύς ή ερμηνεία των πράξεων των Ένωσης, των διάφορων Based, therefore, on this “principle” indefinition a first, ifτης not final, approach, the term 1 (and Based, therefore, on this “principle” inindicated aεπιτρέπεται first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term οργανισμών και θεσμών της Ένωσης. Δεν ναarea τεθούν ερωτήματα urban gentrification) is of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification σχετικά μεasτην ισχύ του“refining” εσωτερικού δικαίου. ερωτήματα που(in αφορούν Sociology well), as the of a city area, Ούτε the removal from this, various Sociology as well), as the “refining” ofμε a city fromthere (inartists, various τη συμβατότητα του ενωσιακού το area, εσωτερικό δίκαιο ήthis, ερωτήματα ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement of ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However of συνταγματικής συμβατότητας. Έτσι, σύμφωνα μεthis τα “change”, ανωτέρω,regardless ο εθνικός the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results alsoόπως risingπ.χ of αν land prices (and theof δικαστής πρέπει να θέσει το ερώτημα γενικά, ένα τέτοιο μέτρο whatever otherspeculation). consequences also rising of land (and the potential relative που αντιστοιχεί στον τάδε νόμοhas, θαresults ήταν γενικά συμβατό μεprices το ενωσιακό potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to δίκαιο. Αν ένα κράτος μέλος, μονομερώς στην προσπάθεια του να ερμηνεύσει The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas of το ενωσιακό δίκαιο, το ερμηνεύσει ευρύτερα απ’ ότι του αναλογεί , τότε καιto the then observed trend of wealthy sometimes people toαφού buy property in poor areas London, them, stay themselves there and thus old residents areof πάλι το upgrade Δικαστήριο θα αποφασίσει σχετικά, το ενδιαφέρον του για London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being “squeezed”. ενιαίαindirectly ερμηνεία του Ενωσιακού Δικαίου παραμένει. Αν το ερώτημα being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of thisτότε phenomenon is included θα in the work of Sociologist Ruth διατυπωθεί λάθος, το Δικαστήριο μεταβάλει το ερώτημα A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major αυτεπάγγελτα.

GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, other2 Researchers. Κατ’ αρθρο 267 by παρ. ΣΛΕΕ, πρέπει η τεθείσα ερώτηση του cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. scholars and for its more Since then, the issue has ερωτώντος δικαστηρίου, κατά την άποψηseveral του ίδιου Δικαστηρίου, να είναι Since then, the issue has preoccupied several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach are being summarized αποφασιστικής σημασίας. Το Δικαστήριο εξετάζει αυτή from την προϋπόθεση comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: κοιτάζοντας ανofof είναι μόνο υποθετικής φύσεως ερωτήματα (π.χ προσπάθεια interpretations the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: In a sense, theγνωμοδότησης). phenomenon is due to a trend of a new αν category social groups επίτευξης μιας Εξετάζει, περαιτέρω, μεταξύofτης εξέτασης to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money ισχύος του Ενωσιακού Δικαίου και της συγκεκριμένης απόφασης δεν υπάρχει and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the καμία σύνδεση, καθιστώντας τοRuth ερώτημα άνευ σημασίας και was καθαρά termat comes from Sociologist GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, better θεωρητικού ενδιαφέροντος. Έτσι,In 1932 τα she εθνικά Δικαστήρια να Berlin, where she made her first studies. published an importantπρέπει study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment.

The same year she left Germany after continuous movementsΗ for διατυπώνουν τους λόγους για τους οποίους το and ερώτημα είναι σημαντικό. lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, διαδικασία καθίσταται άνευ αντικειμένου αν η διαδικασία ενώπιον του in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and εθνικού Δικαστηρίου έχει πλέον περατωθεί.

University College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public action and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her workΕξετάζοντας are characterized by a passion forπαρ.2 justice. See also: διαπιστώνει COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. άρθρο 267 ΣΛΕΕ, κανείς ότι τα and selling realCOLLINS estate, το etc., for theCo depreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: Δικαστήρια γιαthe υποβολή ερωτήματος. Αντιθέτως το Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: Abstract. http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm aεθνικά variety of ways, inέχουν orderδικαίωμα to achieve “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually άρθρο 267 παρ. 3 ΣΛΕΕ, ιδρύει μια υποχρέωση για τα εθνικά Δικαστήρια, οι

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, αποφάσεις των οποίων δεν μπορούν Byπλέον Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect να προσβληθούν με ένδικα μέσα του Student of the School of Architecture εθνικού δικαίου. Κατά την επικρατούσα Technical University of Crete

152

άποψη που υπηρετεί καλύτερα τους 1. Introductory approach:του Defining the concept σκοπούς ενιαίας ερμηνείας ενωσιακού 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), δικαίου και ενιαίας εφαρμογής γίνεται ANTISTHENIS, the ancient του, Greek philosopher, ANTISTHENIS, the εθνικό ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other he left us, he established(444 a great the αποδεκτό ότι wise το ανheritage ένα Δικαστήριο among other wiseβαθμού heritage he leftthe us,definition heήestablished a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. the είναι τελευταίου δικαιοδοσίας acquisition of knowledge starts withμε theβάση the content of concepts.

Based, on this “principle” indefinition a first, if of not final, approach, the term όχι πρέπειtherefore, να λαμβάνεται υπόψη 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term (andυπόθεση. urban gentrification) indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification την συγκεκριμένη Έτσι αν σε isμια 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as ένα well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various περίπτωση Δικαστήριο θα αποφασίσει Sociology asβαθμό well), as the “refining” of a cityοιarea, fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually low-income andthe theremoval placement σε τελικό χωρίς να ofμπορούν ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. of αποφάσεις του να προσβληθούν μεHowever this “change”, regardless the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless of whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the περαιτέρω ένδικα μέσα, θα πρέπει να γίνει whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential δεκτό ότιrelative είναι υποχρεωμένο να θέσει το potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to ερώτημα, έστω και αν σεisάλλη περίπτωση The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to the then observed trend of οι αποφάσεις του προσβάλλονται με to buy property in poor areas of the then observed trend of wealthy people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes and thus old residents areof ένδικα μέσα.

London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. Το εθνικό Δικαστήριο τελευταίου being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon included in the work of Sociologist Ruth βαθμού απελευθερώνεται από μια is τέτοια A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major υποχρέωση όταν το Δικαστήριο έχει ήδη σε GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. όμοιο ερώτημα απαντήσειby(acte cities in Western countries, other eclaire).

Researchers.

Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more Όταν υπάρχει πάγια νομολογία του several scholars and for its more Since then, the issue has comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized below, from the various Δικαστηρίου ή όταν η εφαρμογή του comprehensive approach are being summarized from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thebelow, following: ενωσιακού δικαίου δεν αφήνει of λογικές interpretations of the phenomenon gentrification, the following: In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new category of social groups αμφιβολίες γιαcity, την to “return” to the leavingερμηνεία the purlieusτου for several reasons: high costs in money ενωσιακού δικαίου clair). toΑυτή η and time to travel from(acte the purlieus downtown, where work place is, lack of the τελευταία εξαίρεση πρέπει να termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, where she madeμε her first studies.

In 1932 she published an important study entitled: προσεγγίζεται αυστηρότητα. services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment.

The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for Απαγόρευση στην τελευταία αυτή lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, περίπτωση Αν regarding θέλει τοthe εθνικό in According 1943 she δεν published studies city planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the toυπάρχει. another approach, phenomenon is due a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public action and Δικαστήριο να παρεκκλίνει από την long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. ερμηνεία του ενωσιακού Δικαίου πρέπει να initially of part of the urban web, in and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: στείλει πάλι σχετικό ερώτημα.

G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

Τ� Συµ��ύλι� άπ�ψη στην Γενική για τ� στρατηγικ� N�µ�ύ,τ� ετήσι� π έργων, τ�ν πρ�ϋπ� �π�ία παραπέµπε �ει για τις απαλλ� θιστά αναγκαίες η πρ�γράµµατ�ς κα σθωση ακινήτ�υ γ κρ�τερ� της τριετί πίλυση δια��ρών µέ�ρι κάπ�ιας α�ί ρι��µένης εκτ�ς τ τί��νται µε ��ρ�υ πι�άλλει τις π�ινέ µ�ς, πρ�σδι�ρί�ει µη πρ��λεπ�µένω π��άσεις περί αγ� ανταλλαγής ακινή ρι� επισκέψεων τ π�υ ευρίσκ�νται ε µων35. Τ� Συνταγµα Τ�υρκίας έκρινε, � σιακών παραγ�ντ �ών της δηµ�σίας ��ύλι� τ�υ Ν�µ�ύ µέλη αυτ�ύ, αντίκ �� τ�υ άρθρ�υ 12 1982. � κανών της α γικ� σώµα των απ των T�πικών Aυτ� πώνεται στην α΄ π 127 τ�υ τ�υρκικ� κατά τ� Συνταγµα �ρεωτικής ε�αρµ�

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, Types of intervention, Concerns of ΝΤΖΑΦΕΡΗΣ: Gentrification Γεώργιος Αστικές Πολιτικές Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης και Concerns

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Technical University of Crete

Η Διπλωματική Εργασία μελετάthe τιςconcept αστικές πολιτικές της ΕΕ από τα 1. Introductory approach: Defining τέλη της δεκαετίας ‘80 έως και τη σημερινή περίοδο επίσης και τις 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 καθώς BC - 370 BC, Athens), αστικές παρεμβάσεις που θα εφαρμοστούν στην Περιφέρεια Αττικής (μέσω ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the του ΠΕΠ) για την προγραμματική περίοδο 2014-2020. Επιπρόσθετα among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the αναλύεται ηofεφαρμογή του αστικού εργαλείο (Ολοκληρωμένες Χωρικές acquisition knowledge starts with the the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” indefinition a first,ΟΧΕ if of not final, approach, the term 1 Επενδύσεις) στην Περιφέρεια Αττικής. Επιδίωξη της εργασίας είναι να Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the (or gentrification (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning)term 1κατά καταδείξουμε πόσον οι κατευθυντήριες γραμμές της Ένωσης για την gentrification (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various αστική ανάπτυξη, λαμβάνονται υπόψη και εφαρμόζονται στον αστικό χώρο Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, usually of ΟΧΕ low-income andοιthe placement there of artists, της Αθήνας μέσω του εργαλείου και προοπτικές και δυσκολίες the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.ποιες However this “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless . εφαρμογής τουςconsequences whatever other has, results also rising of land prices (and theof whatever other consequences has,που results also rising of prices (and the Όσον αφορά τη μεθοδολογία ακολουθήθηκε, θαland πρέπει να τονιστεί potential relative speculation). potential relative speculation). ότι γιαterm την συγγραφή της εργασίας των πληροφοριών The gentrification is found at firstσημαντικό in the UK inμέρος early 1960s and it refers to The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refers αντλήθηκε από τιςtrend σχετικές ιστοσελίδες της Ευρωπαϊκής και the then observed ofiswealthy to buy property inΕπιτροπής poor ofto the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas London, upgrade themselves sometimes thereαντλήθηκε and thus oldαπό residents areof Οργανισμών καιthem, ένα stay άλλο μέρος πληροφοριών κείμενα London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. βιβλίων με ειδίκευση στην ευρωπαϊκή αστική πολιτική, από άρθρα και being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included the workέγγραφα of Sociologist δημοσιεύσεις αστικού ενδιαφέροντος και απόinεπίσημα (βλ. Ruth ΠΕΠ A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major Αττικής 2014-2020).

GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities inΗWestern countries, by other Researchers.σε δυο μέρη. Αρχικά, γίνεται δομή της εργασίας διαμορφώνεται cities in Western countries, by other Since then, the issue has preoccupied several and for its more αναφορά στις αστικές πολιτικές τηςResearchers. Ευρώπης από scholars το 1989 μέχρι σήμερα. Το Since then, the issue has preoccupied several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach are being summarized from δεύτερο μέρος της εργασίας ξεκινά με τη συνοπτική παρουσίαση της δομής comprehensive approach are being summarized from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thebelow, following: του ΠΕΠ Αττικής 2014-2020, ενώ στη συνέχεια αναλύονται οι ολοκληρωμένες interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: In a sense, the phenomenon due toτου a trend of a new ΟΧΕ,για category of groups δράσεις αστικής ανάπτυξης isμέσω εργαλείου τιςsocial επιλέξιμες to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in αστικές περιοχές της Αθήνας, και το πώς συγκεντρώνεται απόmoney τους and time to travel from the to downtown, where work place is, lack θεματικούς στόχους το purlieus ποσό της συνολικής χρηματοδότησης πουof the θα 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, κατευθυνθεί για την ολοκληρωμένη αντιμετώπιση των αστικών προκλήσεων.

Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public action and Διπλωματική εργασία εκπονηθείσα στο πλαίσιο του υπερδιετούς Προγράμματος long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice.

See also:και COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. Μεταπτυχιακών Σπουδών του Τμήματος Οικονομικής Ανάπτυξης and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially ofΠεριφερειακής part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: (2013-2016) του Παντείου Π.Κ.Π.Ε. Εποπτεύων Καθηγητής Ιωάν. ΨΥΧΑΡΗΣ, βαθμός G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually άριστα.

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

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Η πρώτη -υπό μελέτη- περίοδος καλύπτει την περίοδο 1989-2007 όπου και έλαβαν χώρα αρκετές αστικές δράσεις (αστικά πιλοτικά προγράμματα, πρωτοβουλία URBAN, URBANII, ευρωπαϊκές διασκέψεις για τις Βιώσιμες πόλεις, Αστικός έλεγχος κ.α.) και αποκτήθηκε σημαντική εμπειρία κατά τη διάρκεια αυτής. Η δεύτερη -υπό μελέτη- περίοδος αφορά την περίοδο 20072013, όπου πέραν της Οικονομικής και Κοινωνικής Συνοχής, υπεισέρχεται και η εδαφική διάσταση στις εφαρμοζόμενες Πολιτικές της Ένωσης και το

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS ενδιαφέρον για την αντιμετώπιση των αστικών προβλημάτων γίνεται Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, εντονότερο(Χάρτης Λειψίας, Δήλωση πρωτοβουλία JESSICA,Architect Ταμεία By Τολέδο, Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Αστικής Ανάπτυξης, πρόγραμμα RURBAN). Την περίοδο 2014-2020 η αστική Student of the School of Architecture διάσταση της πολιτικής συνοχής διαδραματίζει Technical σημαίνοντα ρόλο University of στις Crete παρεμβάσεις της Ένωσης, με εφαρμογή νέων καινοτόμων εργαλείων αστικής 1. Introductory Defining the concept ανάπτυξης καθώςapproach: επίσης και με ξεχωριστή χρηματοδότηση για αστικές 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444αστικές παρεμβάσεις. Την νέα περίοδο, οι εφαρμοζόμενες της ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC - 370πολιτικές BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, established a έχουν great the Περιφέρειας Αττικής ακολουθούν τιςhe επιταγές που τεθεί από την among Πολιτική other wiseτης heritage left us,definition he established a «Ευρώπη greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge startshe with the of the content concepts. Αστική Ένωσης και την Στρατηγική 2020» με acquisition of knowledge starts with the definition of the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term εφαρμογή κυρίως του εργαλείου των Ολοκληρωμένων Χωρικών Επενδύσεων 1 (and urban Based, on this “principle” inindicated a first, οικονομικής, if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) is area of Planning) (or gentrification (Ο.Χ.Ε.). Οι therefore, πόλεις αντιμετωπίζουν προβλήματα κοινωνικής και 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” area, the removal from this, (inδράσεις various περιβαλλοντικής φύσεως καιof a city απαιτούν ολοκληρωμένες Sociology as well), as the “refining” ofβιβλιογραφίας a city area, fromthere this,τα (inαστικά various ways), of social groups, usually of της low-income andthe theremoval placement of artists, αντιμετώπισης συνολικά. Μέσω αναδεικνύονται ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants,που etc. However this “change”, regardless of αυτά προβλήματα και οι ενέργειες απαιτούνται για την μείωση του the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the αρνητικού αντίκτυπου που έχουν στους κατοίκους των πόλεων (υψηλάof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative επίπεδα ανεργίας και περιβαλλοντικής ρύπανσης, υποβάθμιση περιοχών με potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first UK in early 1960s and it δόμηση, refers to υψηλούς δείκτες εγκληματικότητας καιin the παραοικονομίας, άναρχη The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor ελλείψεις σε εκτάσεις πρασίνου-αναψυχής και σε υποδομές κλπ.). the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stayεργασία themselvesεπισημαίνονται sometimes there επίσης and thus old residents areof Στη διπλωματική τα αντίστοιχα London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. και κεντρική αστική περιοχή της Αθήνας, τα οποία προβλήματα αντιμετωπίζει being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon included in theοικονομικής work of Sociologist έχουν ενταθεί τα χρόνιαisisεξαιτίας κρίσης Ruth που A description ofτελευταία this phenomenon includedτης inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same period, while similar situations in other major βιώνει η χώρα μας. Το ποσοστό ανεργίας έχει φτάσει στο 25% περίπου, GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers.

(535,5 άνεργοι το 2013), το ποσοστό απασχόλησης συνεχώς μειώνεται cities inχιλ Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more (63,4% το 2008, 51,7% το 2012), ενώ περίπου τοscholars 40% των ανέργων της Since then, the issue has several and for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized below, from the χώρας συγκεντρώνεται στηνΑττική (με ιδιαίτερα υψηλά ποσοστά σε comprehensive approach are being summarized from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thebelow, following: μακροχρόνια ανέργους και σε νέους ηλικιακά). Οι κοινωνικές ανισότητες interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups (ανισότητες στα εισοδήματα, υποβάθμιση κοινωνικής to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: πρόνοιας, high costs inαύξηση money αστέγων, φτώχειας λόγω where υψηλών επιπέδων ανεργίας, and time toαυξημένος travel fromκίνδυνος the purlieus to downtown, work place is, lack of the γκετοποίηση υποβάθμιση αστικών του centres, κέντρου) και ηfor αύξηση 1.of The termκαι from Sociologist Ruth περιοχών GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS was born in sense safety atcomes the distributed residencies outside town better Berlin, where she made herροών first studies.

In 1932 she an studyχρόνια entitled: των μεταναστευτικών στο κέντρο τηςpublished Αθήνας ταimportant τελευταία services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment.

The same year she leftτης Germany and after continuous movements η for δοκιμάζουν τηνof, κοινωνική συνοχή πρωτεύουσας. Επιπρόσθετα, lower living cost “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, αντιμετώπιση περιβαλλοντικής υποβάθμισης, η due ολοκλήρωση βασικών in According 1943 she published studies regarding city planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the toτης another approach, the phenomenon is a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public action and υποδομών και η ανάδειξη των πλεονεκτημάτων της Αθήνας με σκοπό την long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. αύξηση της ελκυστικότητάς της αποτελούν βασικές επιδιώξεις στο νέο and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCo depreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: Πρόγραμμα. Η στρατηγική για την αστική πολιτική της Περιφέρειας Αττικής G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student,

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Student of the School of Architecture έχει τρεις βασικούς στόχους: αναστροφή αρνητικού οικονομικού κλίματος, Technical University of Crete

ενίσχυση ελκυστικότητας της Αττικής με σεβασμό στη βιώσιμη ανάπτυξη και 1. Introductory approach: συνοχής.

Defining Η theεφαρμογή concept της αστικής πολιτικής στα διασφάλιση της κοινωνικής 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept πλαίσια του Περιφερειακού Επιχειρησιακού Προγράμματος Αττικής γίνεται ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC Επενδύσεις) -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the με την χρήση του εργαλείου Ο.Χ.Ε. (Ολοκληρωμένες Χωρικές που among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he των established a greatκοινωνικών the acquisition of συνδυαστική knowledge starts with of the content of“principle”: concepts. και στοχεύει σε αντιμετώπιση οικονομικών, acquisition of knowledge starts with the definition of the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term περιβαλλοντικών προβλημάτων που παρατηρούνται στις επιλέξιμες αστικές 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” inindicated a first, if (in notπολιτικής final, approach, the term gentrification) is the area ofανέρχεται Planning) (or gentrification περιοχές.Η χρηματοδότηση για τις δράσεις αστικής σε 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology well), as the “refining” of a cityeuro,EKT:74.000.000 area, the removal fromeuro), this, (inενώ various 267 εκατ.asΕυρώ (ΕΤΠΑ: 193.610.305 θα Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityαν area, the from this, of (in various ways), of περίπου social groups, usually of low-income and theremoval placement artists, φτάσει τα 300 εκατ. ευρώ αθροίσουμε και there την κρατική ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of συμμετοχή. the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the Τονίζεται επίσης ιδιαιτέρως πως οι σύγχρονες αστικές προκλήσεις στονof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative ευρωπαϊκό χώρο (παγκοσμιοποίηση, οικονομική κρίση, μεταναστευτικό potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at firstεπιβάρυνση, in the UK inυψηλά early 1960s and it refers to ζήτημα, αστικοποίηση, περιβαλλοντική επίπεδα φτώχειας The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor και κοινωνικού αποκλεισμού) απαιτούν συνεχή ενίσχυση των αστικών the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas of London, upgrade them,καλείται stay themselves sometimes there and thusπολιτική old residents πολιτικών, τις οποίες να βελτιώσει η (άτυπη) αστική της are ΕΕ London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. (αρχή της επικουρικότητας). Για τη νέα περίοδο προγραμματισμού 2014being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth 2020Aπροωθούνται δράσεις Ολοκληρωμένης Βιώσιμης Αστικής Ανάπτυξης με description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major στόχο την συνολική αντιμετώπιση των οικονομικών, δημογραφικών, GLASS at the same period, situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, bywhile othersimilar Researchers. κοινωνικών και περιβαλλοντικών προκλήσεων. Όσον αφορά την περίπτωση cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more της Περιφέρειας Αττικής, ηαρμονική συνεργασία όλων των αρμόδιων Since then, the issue has several scholars andthe forφορέων its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized below, from various και η επιδίωξη ολοκληρωμένων λύσεων στα προβλήματα της πόλης comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: αποτελούν στοίχημα. Στόχοι όπως αύξηση των θέσεων απασχόλησης, interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups κοινωνική ευημερία χωρίς αποκλεισμούς, μείωση των επιπτώσεων της to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money κρίσης, Αθήνας με where εφαρμογή and timeαύξηση to travelελκυστικότητας from the purlieusτης to downtown, workνέων place τεχνολογιών is, lack of the και περιβαλλοντική αναβάθμιση μπορούν να επιτευχθούν στα πλαίσια τουin termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth GLASS wasbetter born sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, search for Berlin, where she made her first studies.η In 1932 she published an important study entitled: ΠΕΠ Αττικής 2014-2020. Επίσης, βελτίωση του επιχειρηματικού κλίματος services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”,movements (possibly)for Youth Unemployment.

The same year she left Germany and after continuous με σκοπό την προσέλκυση επενδύσεων, η ανάδειξη κλάδων που υπερτερεί η lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back to London, Αττική ο τουρισμός και ο πολιτισμός, η προσαρμογή κλιματική in According 1943 όπως she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning.

In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due aστην systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public action and αλλαγή, η μείωση των κοινωνικών ανισοτήτων και η δημιουργία βιώσιμων long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. θέσεων απασχόλησης αποτελούν βασικές επιδιώξεις τωνofΟλοκληρωμένων and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: Αστικών Πολιτικών για την Αττική.

G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

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ΕΥΡΑΣΙΑΤΙΚΗ - ΙΣΛΑΜΙΚΗ ΕΝΩΣΗ, GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, ΟΠΩΣ ΕΥΡΩΠΑΪΚΗ ΕΝΩΣΗ; Definition, Types of intervention, Concerns of Gentrification Του Δρος Γ. ΚΩΝΣΤΑΝΤΙΝΙΔΗ Concerns Οικονομολόγου

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By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Το διεθνές οικονομικό και πολιτικό σύστημα έχει καταστεί πολυπολικό κατά University, Graduate School ofσοσιαλισμού Design, Student, τα τις τελευταίες δεκαετίες,Harvard κυρίως μετά την πτώση του υπαρκτού στην

By Mr. George-Sp. C.προόδου, ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Ανατολική Ευρώπη και εξαιτίας της ραγδαίας τεχνολογικής προκαλώντας Student of the School of Architecture τεκτονικές αλλαγές σε όρους γεωπολιτικής και γεωστρατηγικής, αναδιανέμοντας την Technical University of Crete οικονομική και πολιτική ισχύ και αυξομειώνοντας την γεωπολιτική και οικονομική “υπεραξία” κάποιων κρατών σε βάρος ή προς όφελος κάποιων άλλων.

1. Introductory Defining the concept και νομισματικών πολιτικών Λόγω των approach: εφαρμοζόμενων δημοσιονομικών 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BCπου - 370 BC, Athens), τωνANTISTHENIS, κυβερνήσεών τους και του υπερκαταναλωτικού προτύπου κυριάρχησε στις ANTISTHENIS, ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), δυτικές οικονομίες, ταthe μέλη της Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης,(444 οι Η.Π.Α., ο Καναδάς και among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the among other wise heritage he left us,definition he established a great the γενικότερα οι τύπου ισχυρές οικονομίες παρουσίασαν σημαντική αύξηση του acquisition ofδυτικού knowledge starts with the of the content of“principle”: concepts. δημόσιου τουςonως ποσοστού Ακαθάριστου Εγχώριου Προϊόντος τους acquisition of knowledge starts with του theindefinition the content of concepts.

Based, χρέους therefore, this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 (and (Α.Ε.Π.), γεγονός πουurban αύξησε και το δείκτη του δημοσίου χρέους Based, therefore, on this “principle” inindicated aκατά first,κεφαλήν if (in notthe final, approach, theτους. term gentrification) is area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 του Η υπερχρέωση δυτικού και του ανατολικού ημισφαιρίου του πλανήτη έχει gentrification (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various δημιουργήσει τεράστια αβεβαιότητα στις διεθνείς αγορές, στις παγκόσμιες Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, συναλλαγές, διευρύνει το usually χάσμα μεταξύ πλούσιωνand καιthe φτωχών χωρών και of πολιτών ways), of social groups, of low-income placement artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”,there regardless of και οδηγεί σε of μιαartολοένα καιrestaurants, επιταχυνόμενη διαταραχή της σταθερότητας τηςof the operation galleries, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the υφηλίου, με other εστίες consequences τοπικών, εμφύλιων, διμερών ή καιrising πολυμερών συγκρούσεων whatever results also of land prices (andκαι the potential speculation). ή has, πολέμων relative να αναζωπυρώνονται να ξεσπούν με απρόβλεπτες συνέπειες για τις potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to μελλοντικές γενιές. Το συνολικό χρέος όλων των κρατών ανέρχεται στο αστρονομικό The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor ποσό των 60 τρισεκατομμυρίων δολαρίων! Η χρηματοπιστωτική αστάθεια και οι the then observed trend of wealthy people to there buy property in poor London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes and thus old residents areof διαρκείς διακυμάνσεις των αγορών χρήματος και κεφαλαίου τροφοδοτούν τηareas διεθνή London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly οικονομική κρίση“squeezed”. χρέους και έτσι ο φαύλος κύκλος της μεταδιδόμενης υπερχρέωσης being indirectly “squeezed”. descriptionσυνεχίζει of this phenomenon is included the workγια of τις Sociologist τωνAκοινωνιών το αφανιστικό έργο του,inιδιαίτερα αδύναμεςRuth και A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth αποβιομηχανοποιημένες οικονομίες…

GLASS at the same while similar in other major GLASS the same period, situations were recorded major Η atυπερσυγκέντρωση οικονομικής και στρατιωτικής ισχύος in σε other ορισμένες cities in Western countries, bywhile othersimilar Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other «παραδοσιακά» ισχυρές όπωςResearchers. οι Η.Π.Α., η Ρωσία, η Γερμανία, Since then, the issueχώρες, has several scholars and forηitsΜεγάλη more Sinceηthen, several π.χ. scholars and for various its more Βρετανία, Γαλλίαthe κ.ά.issue και ηhas ανάδυση νέων «παικτών», η Κίνα, η Ινδία, η Νότια comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized below, from the Κορέα, η Τουρκία, η Ινδονησία κ.ά., που επιδιώκουν και ως ένα μεγάλο βαθμό έχουν comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: επιτύχει αποτελεσματικά την αναδιανομή της διεθνούς οικονομικής και interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of στρατιωτικής social groups ισχύος, διαμορφώνουν ένα πολύπλοκο σύμπλεγμα οικονομικών συναλλαγών και to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money συμμαχιών, με πολλά αντικρουόμενα συμφέροντα. and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the Παρά τη δυσκολία του εγχειρήματος ας επιχειρήσουμε να σκιαγραφήσουμε 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, τις τάσεις προοπτικές που υφίστανται σε published παγκόσμιο επίπεδο, study σε entitled: όρους Berlin, where– she made her first studies.

In 1932 she an important services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) «οικονομικών και χρηματοπιστωτικών σχηματισμών υπερομάδων». Από τη μιαfor Youth Unemployment.

The same year she left Germany and- after continuous movements lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private easier access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Newτύπου» York she came to back to London, πλευρά παρατηρούμε τα «παραδοσιακά», «δυτικού καπιταλιστικά κεφάλαια in 1943 she published studies regarding city planning.

In 1950 she became teacher in the According to another approach, the phenomenon is due to a systematic and (κυρίως Η.Π.Α., Καναδάς, χώρες – μέλη της Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης, Ισραήλ, Αυστραλία University College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public action and long-term informal effort by organizedευρασιατικά, groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying κ.ά.) και από την άλλη ταbyανερχόμενα, «ανατολικού τύπου»DICTIONARY. κεφάλαια her work are characterized a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for the depreciation initially of part of the urban in (Ρωσία, Κίνα, Ινδία, Ιράν, Ιράκ, Τουρκία, Αζερμπαϊτζάν, Ινδονησία κ.ά.). Μιαweb, τρίτη 10th edit.

Wil. SONS AND Co Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm aσημαντική variety of ways, in order toσυνιστούν achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually οικονομική δύναμηAbstract. τα επονομαζόμενα ισλαμικά ή «πράσινα»

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

κεφάλαια (islamic capitalism), τα οποία αυξάνονται με αλματώδεις ρυθμούς, ειδικά τις τελευταίες δεκαετίες και πλέον έχουν διεισδύσει σε ολόκληρο τον κόσμο, λόγω της χρηματοοικονομικής παγκοσμιοποίησης. Ενδεικτικά αναφέρω ότι στη Μεγάλη Βρετανία η ισλαμική χρηματοοικονομική και τραπεζική (Islamic finance and banking) γνωρίζει μεγάλη άνθηση και οι αγγλικές τράπεζες διαμορφώνουν τραπεζικά προϊόντα που συνάδουν με την ισλαμική τραπεζική νομοθεσία και πρακτική (Σαρία). Οι μουσουλμανικές χώρες δημιουργούν και ενισχύουν το αναδυόμενο ισλαμικό κεφάλαιο (Σαουδική Αραβία, Κατάρ By καιMr.λοιπά αραβικάC.κράτη, Ιράν, Τουρκία, George-Sp. ATHANASOPOULOS Αίγυπτος, Μαλαισία, Ινδονησία, Πακιστάν, Σουδάν, Σομαλία, Νίγηρας κτλ.).

Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student,

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Student of the School of Architecture Technical University of Crete

1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept 1. Introductory approach: the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term (or gentrification (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityτου area, the fromthere this, of (in various της δυναμικής ανόδου ισλαμικού καπιταλισμού και των ways), ofΔεδομένης social groups, usually of low-income and theremoval placement artists, ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, διασυνδέσεών του τεράστιαrestaurants, οικονομικά etc. συμφέροντα έναregardless σενάριο που the operation of artμεgalleries, Howeverκαι thisprojects, “change”, of the operation ofconsequences art galleries, restaurants, etc.ακαδημαϊκά However regardless συζητείται σε παγκόσμια πολιτικά, οικονομικά, και“change”, επιχειρηματικά φόρα whatever other has, results also risingthis of land prices (and theof είναι η διαμόρφωση μιας Ευρασιατικής – Ισλαμικής Ένωσης, πολιτικό whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of landμεprices (andκαι the potential relative οικονομικό περιεχόμενο. Αυτή η ιδέα μπορεί φαινομενικά να ακούγεται potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to υπεραισιόδοξη ή ανεδαφική. Όμως δενatαποτελεί Στηρίζεται στην πολιτική The term gentrification found first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofis wealthy people toουτοπία. buy property in poor ης Πολιτικής Θεωρίας (μετά από τον μαρξισμό, θεωρία του Ευρασιανισμού και της 4 the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof τον φασισμό και τον φιλελευθερισμό), που έχει ως βασικό εκφραστή της τον London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. Αλεξάντρ Ντούγκιν και το βιβλίο του «Τέταρτη Πολιτική Θεωρία», που εκδόθηκε το being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon included inμέσω the work of Sociologist Ruth 2009. ευρασιατικό κίνημα λαμβάνειisδιαστάσεις διαθέτει σε AΤο description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere theδικτύων work of που Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar recorded in other major αρκετές ασιατικές και όχι μόνο χώρες, όπως η Ελλάδα και η Τουρκία, επιδιώκοντας να GLASS at the same period, situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, bywhile othersimilar Researchers. συνενώσει διαφορετικές νοοτροπίες, ιδιοσυγκρασίες και θρησκείες (Ορθοδοξία, cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has scholars and for its more Ισλάμ, Βουδισμός, Ινδουισμός κτλ.), κατά several του μονοπολικού, καπιταλιστικού Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from various ηγεμονισμού και Ατλαντισμού της Δύσης και του δυτικού πολιτισμούthe γενικότερα, comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the interpretations of the phenomenon gentrification, following:κράτη με various όπως αυτός εκφράζεται από τις Η.Π.Α.ofτην Ευρώπη και the τα υπόλοιπα δυτική interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: η Θεωρία επιδιώκει να συνενώσει διαφορετικές πολιτικές, In a sense, phenomenon is due to a trend of a new category of social groups ταυτότητα. Η the 4 Πολιτική θρησκευτικές (Χριστιανισμός, Ισλαμισμός, κ.ά.) high και costs στρατιωτικές to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus forΙνδουισμός several reasons: in money δυνάμεις, στόχο την purlieus ανατροπή της παγκοσμιοποίησης, άκρατου and time toμε travel from the to downtown, where work placeτου is, lack of the φιλελευθερισμού καιdistributed του ατομικισμού που τον χαρακτηρίζει. Ο search Ευρασιανισμός 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth GLASS for wasbetter born -in sense safety the residencies outside town centres, Berlin, where she made her first studies.με In 1932 she published an important study entitled: αντιδυτικισμός μπορεί να εκφραστεί τις ανερχόμενες χώρες που ανήκουν στην services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”,movements (possibly) Youth Unemployment.

The sameστο yearρόλο she left Germany and after continuous Ευρασία, κυρίως με τη Ρωσία της πρωταγωνίστριας χώρας, την Κίνα, τηνfor lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, Ινδία, το she Ιράν, ενδεχομένως και την the Τουρκία, τη Νότια την Ινδονησία, τη in According 1943 published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning.

In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, isΚορέα, due a systematic and Μαλαισία, το Πακιστάν, το Αφγανιστάν κ.ά.

University College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public action and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student,

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Student of the School of Architecture Technical University of Crete

1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept Χάρτης που παρουσιάζει τον Ευρασιατικό κόσμο κατά την θεωρία του 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), Ευρασιανισμού.

ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the για ναheritage ευοδώσει τοleft Ευρασιατικό «μέτωπο» που ενισχύει καθοριστικά amongΒέβαια, other wise us,definition he established a great the acquisition of knowledge startshe with the of the content of“principle”: concepts. τη μετασοβιετική Ρωσία χρειάζεται αντιτιθέμενες και acquisition of knowledge starts withνα theγεφυρωθούν the content ofπολιτικές concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” indefinition a first, if of not final, approach, the term πολιτισμικές σχέσεις, οιon οποίες αλλάζουν μεν με επιταχυνόμενο ρυθμό, 1 (and urban Based, therefore, this “principle” inδύσκολα a first, ifαλλά notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) is indicated (in area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 λόγω των τεράστιων και ταχύτατων μεταβολών που συντελούνται διεθνώς σε όρους gentrification (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various κατανομής ισχύος και οικονομικής επιρροής. Πρόκειται για εκκολαπτόμενη τάση Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of έχει, social groups, usually of low-income and the placement thereεκτός of artists, χωρίς ναof δεδομένου των συνθηκών, μεγάλες πιθανότητες επιτυχίας, εάν η ways), social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However “change”, regardless of παγκόσμια κρίση επιφέρει μια συνολική οικονομική αποτελμάτωση που θα the operation ofconsequences art galleries, restaurants, etc.also However this “change”, regardless of whatever other has, results rising of land prices (and the κυοφορήσει μια πολεμική εναντίον των διεθνών φιλελεύθερων ελίτ. Θα καταστεί η whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative speculation). Ευρασιατική Ένωση το αντίπαλο δέος της Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης; Υπάρχουν potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UKτους; in early and it refers to δυνατότητες συνεργασίας και συνεργειών ανάμεσά Θα 1960s συγκεραστούν ή θα The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas of συγκρουστούν τα μεγάλα συμφέροντά τους; Ουδείς γνωρίζει. the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas of London,Τέλος, upgrade them, stay themselves and thus residentsτου are ο περίφημος «δρόμος τουsometimes μεταξιού»there αποτελεί μια old προσπάθεια London, upgrade them, stay and thus old residents are κινεζικού, πληθυσμιακού και themselves οικονομικούsometimes «γίγαντα»there να αναβιώσει αυτός ο πολύ being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”. προσοδοφόρος «εμπορικός δρόμος», οisοποίος θα in προσδώσει ιδιαίτερα αυξημένο A description of this phenomenon included the work of Sociologist Ruth η μεγαλύτερη A στην description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work Ruth οικονομία και of τη Sociologist ναυαρχίδα των κύρος Κίνα, που συνιστά τη 2 GLASS at the same while similar in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major χωρών BRICS (Βραζιλία, Ρωσία, Ινδία, Κίνα, Δημοκρατία Νότιας Αφρικής). Αν στο cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. σχεδιασμό αυτό συμμετάσχουν ενεργά – εμπορικά και επιχειρηματικά – επιπλέον cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more ισχυρές χώρες τηςthe Ασίας και has της κρίνεταιbelow, εφικτήfrom η and συνδιαμόρφωση Since then, issue preoccupied several scholars for various its more comprehensive approach areΥπερκαυκασίας, being summarized the ενός σημαντικού πόλου που θα μπορεί να κινεί τα νήματα ολόκληρης της comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: επονομαζόμενης Heartland της Ευρασίας. Στο σημείο αυτό η εντατικοποίηση της interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups πολύπλευρης συνεργασίας Κίνας και Ρωσίας θα συνδράμει αποφασιστικά στην to “return” to city, leavingαυτού the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money υλοποίηση τουtheοικονομικού σχηματισμού, από τον οποίο θα ζημιωθούν and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the γεωπολιτικά και οικονομικά οι Η.Π.Α., η Ευρωπαϊκή Ένωση και γενικότερα η Ευρώπη. termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Οι εξελίξεις θα νοηματοδοτήσουν την πορεία της διεθνούς οικονομίας και θα Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) κατευθύνουν προς τη The μια same ή τηνyear άλλη τάση, από όσεςand προαναφέραμε, επηρεάζοντας Youth Unemployment. she left Germany after continuous movements for lower living cost “withdrawal” from private car access markets, etc.where τελικά θετικά ή of, αρνητικά σε Prague, οικονομικό και γεωπολιτικό επίπεδο τους ποικίλους studies and research in Geneva, London and Neweasier York she came to back to London, in 1943 she published studies regarding city planning.

In 1950 she became teacher the According to another approach, the phenomenon is due to a systematic and διεθνείς δρώντες, τους συμμάχους και τους αντιπάλους τους. Ουδείς μπορείin να University College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public action and long-term effortτοbyμέλλον… organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying προβλέψει informal με βεβαιότητα her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

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Δαπάνες που καταβάλλονται φυσικό ή νομικό GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of σε Intervention, πρόσωπο ή νομική οντότητα που είναι φορολογικός Definition, Types of intervention, Gentrification κάτοικοςConcerns σε κράτος μηof συνεργάσιμο ή που υπόκειται σε προνομιακό φορολογικό καθεστώς, με βάση τις διατάξεις Concerns του Ν. 4172/2013

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS κυρίας Βαρβ. ΒΕΛΗ Harvard University, Graduate Της School of Design, Student, Υποψ. Διδ., MSc, B.A.

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Student of the School of Architecture Technical University Crete Με τις διατάξεις της περ. ιγ' του άρθρου 23 του ν.4172/2013 (ΦΕΚ Α'of167),

οι οποίες έχουν επανέλθει σε ισχύ ως αρχικώς είχαν τεθεί με το ν.4172/2013, 1. Introductory Defining the21concept καθώς οι διατάξεις approach: της παρ. 1 του άρθρου του ν.4321/2015 (ΦΕΚ Α' 32), με τις 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greekιγ'philosopher, οποίες είχε τροποποιηθεί η περ. του άρθρου 23 του ν.4172/2013, ANTISTHENIS, theπου ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370ζ' BC, among other wise he left us,μεhe a great καταργήθηκαν από heritage τότε ίσχυσαν τιςestablished διατάξεις (444 της υποπερ. της Athens), περ.the 11 among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great “principle”: the 1 acquisition of knowledge starts with the definition of the content of concepts. της υποπαρ. Δ.1. της παρ. Δ του άρθρου 2 του ν.4336/2015 (ΦΕΚ Α' 94) , ορίζεται acquisition of knowledge starts with the definition of the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term ότι δεν εκπίπτει από τα ακαθάριστα έσοδα των φυσικών προσώπων που 1 (and urban Based,εισόδημα therefore, onεπιχειρηματική this “principle”δραστηριότητα, inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) is area of Planning) (or gentrification αποκτούν από καθώς και των νομικών 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology well), as the οντοτήτων “refining” ofτοa σύνολο city area, theδαπανών removal from this, (in various προσώπωνasκαι νομικών των που καταβάλλονται Sociology as well), as the “refining” a city area, this, (inartists, various ways), of social usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement of προς φυσικό ήgroups, νομικό πρόσωπο ήofνομική οντότητα που from είναιthere φορολογικός ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

Howeverσε this “change”, regardless of κάτοικος σε κράτος μη συνεργάσιμο ή που υπόκειται προνομιακό φορολογικό the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless καθεστώς,other σύμφωνα με τις διατάξεις του άρθρου 65 του Κ.Φ.Ε., εκτός εάνthe οof whatever consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results αυτές also rising of land prices (andκαι the φορολογούμενος αποδείξει ότι οι δαπάνες αφορούν πραγματικές potential relative potential relative speculation). συνήθεις συναλλαγές και is δεν έχουν σαν inαποτέλεσμα τη μεταφορά ή The term gentrification found at first the UK in early 1960s and itκερδών refers to The term gentrification found atpeople first the UK in earlyή1960s and itareas refersofto εισοδημάτων ή κεφαλαίων με σκοπό τηinφοροαποφυγή τη φοροδιαφυγή the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor the then observed wealthy people to there buy property inαποκλείει poor areas (μαχητό τεκμήριο). Ηtrend διάταξη του προηγούμενου εδαφίου δενold την London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes and thus residents areof London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are έκπτωση των δαπανών που καταβάλλονται προς φυσικό ή νομικό πρόσωπο ή being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”. νομική οντότητα που είναι φορολογικός σεthe κράτος της Ε.Ε. ήRuth του A description of this phenomenon is κάτοικος included in work- μέλος of Sociologist A description ofperiod, thisη phenomenon is included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth Ε.Ο.Χ., εφόσον υπάρχει νομική για την ανταλλαγή πληροφοριών GLASS at the same while βάση similar situations in otherμεταξύ major GLASS at the period, while situations were recorded in other major της Ελλάδας καιsame αυτού του by κράτους - μέλους. cities in Western countries, othersimilar Researchers. cities in Western bypreoccupied other Researchers. Συνεπώς, οιcountries, δαπάνες που καταβάλλονται σε φορολογικό κάτοικο κράτους Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more Since με then, the has several scholars and for its more το οποίο, βάση τιςissue διατάξεις του άρθρου 65, χαρακτηρίζεται ωςthe κράτος μη comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized below, from various comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various συνεργάσιμο ή με προνομιακό φορολογικό καθεστώς δεν εκπίπτουν κατ' αρχήν interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: interpretations theέσοδα phenomenon of thecategory following: από ακαθάριστα των επιχειρήσεων, εάν ο φορολογούμενος Inτα a sense, theof phenomenon is due togentrification, a trend of εκτός a new of social groups αποδείξει ότι αφορούν πραγματικές και συνήθεις συναλλαγές καιcosts δεν έχουν ως to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high in money αποτέλεσμα τη μεταφορά κερδών ή εισοδημάτων ή κεφαλαίων με σκοπό τη and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the φοροαποφυγή ή τη φοροδιαφυγή, και επιπλέον πληρούνται και οι λοιπές termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, where she made her first studies. published an important study entitled: προϋποθέσεις των άρθρων 22entertainment και 23. In 1932 she services of health, education, “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) YouthΑντίθετα, Unemployment.

The same year she left Germany after continuous movements for που καταβάλλονται σεand φορολογικό κάτοικο κράτους lower living cost οι of,δαπάνες “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, - in μέλους της published Ε.Ε. τουstudies Ε.Ο.Χ., το οποίο χαρακτηρίζεται με βάση τις ίδιες διατάξεις 1943 she regarding city planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the According to ήanother approach, the phenomenon is due a systematic and ως κράτος με προνομιακό φορολογικό καθεστώς και με το οποίο υπάρχει η University College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public action and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. νομική βάση για την ανταλλαγή πληροφοριών μεταξύ της Ελλάδας και αυτού του and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: Abstract. http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually 1 Σχετ. η ΠΟΛ. 1217/2015 εγκύκλιος του Υπουργείου Οικονομικών.

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

160

κράτους - μέλους, κατ' αρχήν εκπίπτουν από τα ακαθάριστα έσοδα των επιχειρήσεων, εφόσον πληρούνται οι γενικές προϋποθέσεις του άρθρου 22 του ν.4172/2013 για την εκπεσιμότητα των δαπανών. Σε περίπτωση όμως αμφισβήτησης, η αρμόδια ελεγκτική αρχή απευθύνει τεκμηριωμένο αίτημα διοικητικής συνδρομής μέσω της αρμόδιας Δ/νσης Διεθνών Οικονομικών Σχέσεων, Τμήμα Γ' Διεθνούς Διοικητικής Συνεργασίας και αν από τη διενεργούμενη από τη Φορολογική Διοίκηση ανταλλαγή πληροφοριών

By Mr. C. ATHANASOPOULOS αποδεικνύεται ότι οι σχετικές δαπάνες δεν George-Sp. αφορούν πραγματικές και συνήθεις Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, συναλλαγές και έχουν ως αποτέλεσμα τη μεταφορά κερδών ή εισοδημάτων ή By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect κεφαλαίων με σκοπό τη φοροαποφυγή ή τη φοροδιαφυγή, οι εν λόγω δαπάνες of the έσοδα Schoolτων of Architecture δεν αναγνωρίζονται τελικά για έκπτωση από ταStudent ακαθάριστα πιο πάνω Technical University of Crete επιχειρήσεων. Σαν νομική βάση για την ανταλλαγή πληροφοριών, νοούνται οι διατάξεις 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept του 1. άρθρου του σχετικού με την ανταλλαγή φορολογικών πληροφοριών των Introductory approach: Definingphilosopher, the concept ANTISTHENIS, the ancient (444 - 370 BC, Athens), Συμβάσεων για την αποφυγή τηςGreek Διπλής Φορολογίας τουBC Εισοδήματος (ΣΑΔΦ) ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great σε ισχύ, των διατάξεων της Συμφωνίας Ανταλλαγής Πληροφοριών σχετικάthe με among otherknowledge wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition startsΕλλάδας with concepts.

2, the φορολογικάofθέματα μεταξύ - Γκέρνσεϋof τωνcontent διατάξεων της Κοινής acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition of the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if not final, approach, the term Σύμβασης Συμβουλίου της Ευρώπης - ΟΟΣΑ για την αμοιβαία διοικητική 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term urban gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification συνδρομή σε (and θέματα3 καιis indicated τέλος των διατάξεων της Οδηγίας 1φορολογικά gentrification (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the of a city removal from this,Α' (in55) various 4, όπως 2011/16/ΕΕ έχει“refining” τροποποιηθεί μεarea, τον the ν.4378/2016 (ΦΕΚ και Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), ισχύει. of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. τον However “change”, regardless of Προκειμένου να στοιχειοθετηθεί κατά φορολογικό έλεγχοthere ότι οιofυπόψη the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the συναλλαγές είναι πραγματικές και συνήθεις και δεν έχουν σαν αποτέλεσμα τηof whatever otherspeculation). consequences results also risingτην of land prices (and the potential relative μεταφορά κερδών, εισοδημάτων ήhas, κεφαλαίων με σκοπό φοροαποφυγή ή τη potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to φοροδιαφυγή, θα πρέπει να λαμβάνονται υπόψη στοιχεία από τα οποία The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas of αποδεικνύεται ότι αυτές πραγματικά έχουν λάβει χώρα και ότι έχουν αποφέρειto the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves there and thus old residents areof πραγματικό οικονομικό όφελος στην to ελεγχόμενη επιχείρηση που London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. πραγματοποίησε τις σχετικές δαπάνες (αγορές αγαθών, παροχή υπηρεσιών, being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth κ.λπ.).

AΕνδεικτικά description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while in other major αναφέρονται τα similar ακόλουθα στοιχεία: GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities inα)Western countries, by other Researchers.

- ύπαρξη εμπορικής συμφωνίας ή σύμβασης έργου με την αλλοδαπή cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Since then, the issue τους has several scholars and for διάρκεια, its more εταιρεία, που να ορίζει όρουςResearchers. της συναλλαγής (αντικείμενο, Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars for various its more comprehensive approach are being summarized from the τίμημα, τρόπους πληρωμής και υποχρεώσεις των below, μελών) η and οποία να έχει comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various καταχωρηθεί στην Κατάσταση Συμφωνητικών της παρ.

16 του άρθρου 8 του ν. interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: interpretations of the phenomenon of the following: 1882/1990, σύμφωνα με τη διαδικασία που ορίζεται με την groups αριθμ.

In a sense, the phenomenon is due togentrification, a trend of a new category of social 1065606/7222/ΔΕ-Β' (ΦΕΚ 951 Α.Υ.Ο., reasons: όπως έχει τροποποιηθεί και to “return” to the city, leaving theΒ731.7.2000) purlieus for several high costs in money ισχύει, and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the termat comes from τιμήματος Sociologist Ruth GLASS, Ruth GLASS for wasbetter born -The καταβολή αγοράς σε1912-1940. τραπεζικό λογαριασμό τουin sense1.of safety theτου distributed residencies outside town centres, search Berlin, where she made her studies. εμβάσματα), In 1932 she published an important study entitled: δικαιούχου (τιμολόγια καιfirst τραπεζικά services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public action and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying 2 her work are characterized by47. a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. Ν.4240/2014, ΦΕΚ Α' and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit.

Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: 3 Ν.4153/2013, ΦΕΚ Α' 116.

G. ALEXANDRI: Abstract. http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually 4 Ν.4170/2013, ΦΕΚ Α' 163.

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

- πραγματική μεταφορά και λήψη των αγαθών (ΟΜΚ, φορτωτικές, τελωνειακά έγγραφα από τα οποία προκύπτει η είσοδος των αγαθών στο εσωτερικό της χώρας) ή την πραγματική παροχή των υπηρεσιών (π.χ. πρωτόκολλο ολοκλήρωσης και παράδοσης του έργου, παραδοτέα έγγραφα). β) η αλλοδαπή εταιρεία να πραγματοποιεί ουσιαστική επιχειρηματική δραστηριότητα στη χώρα στην οποία είναι εγκατεστημένη, δηλαδή5: - να έχει αποδεδειγμένα φυσική υπόσταση στη χώρα εγκατάστασης της

By Mr.απασχολούμενο George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS (έδρα ή μόνιμη εγκατάσταση, μόνιμα προσωπικό, ενεργό Harvard University, Graduate Design,-Student, Α.Φ.Μ.Λ/ΙΕ5 εφόσον πρόκειται για φορολογικό κάτοικοSchool άλλουofκράτους μέλους, By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS κ.λπ.). Ισολογισμοί της αλλοδαπής εταιρείας και στοιχεία σχετικά Architect με την Student of the School of Architecture οργάνωση της δεν θεωρούνται από μόνα τους επαρκή αποδεικτικά στοιχεία, Crete μπορεί ωστόσο να αποτελέσουν ενδείξεις για την Technical υπόστασηUniversity των εν ofλόγω επιχειρήσεων στη χώρα εγκατάστασης 1. Introductory approach: Definingτους. the concept να φορολογείται στην αλλοδαπή χώρα στην οποία έχει την έδρα της και 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept the ancientκάτοικος Greek philosopher, (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), όχιANTISTHENIS, απλώς να είναι φορολογικός της χώρας αυτής.

ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the γ) η δαπάνη να πληροί τις προϋποθέσεις του άρθρου 22 του ν.4172/2013 among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. και να μην αποτελεί μη εκπιπτόμενη επιχειρηματική δαπάνη με βάση τις acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition of the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if not final, approach, the term διατάξεις του άρθρου 23 του ίδιου νόμου.

1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated aπιο first, if (in notείναι final, approach, the term gentrification) the area of Planning) (or gentrification Διευκρινίζεται ότι τα αναφερόμενα πάνω ενδεικτικά και όχι 1 (and urban gentrification gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityέλεγχος area, theθα removal this, (in various περιοριστικά και συνεπώς ο φορολογικός πρέπειfrom να λαμβάνει υπόψη Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social usually low-income οand the placement there of artists, και τυχόν άλλαgroups, στοιχεία πουofπροσκομίζει φορολογούμενος και τα οποία ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless of κρίνονται ικανά να υποστηρίξουν ότι οι υπό εξέταση συναλλαγές artists, είναι the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the πραγματικές και συνήθεις και δεν έχουν ως αποτέλεσμα τη μεταφορά κερδών,of whatever other consequences has,την results also rising of φοροδιαφυγή. land prices (and the potential relative speculation). εισοδημάτων ή κεφαλαίων με σκοπό φοροαποφυγή ή τη potential relative speculation).

TheΌσον term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s it refers to αφορά στο θέμα του πραγματικού οικονομικού and οφέλους που The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas of αποφέρει μια συναλλαγή με εταιρεία της αλλοδαπής, αυτό μπορεί να εκτιμηθείto theεξετασθούν then observed trend of wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stayτα themselves and thus old residents areof εάν ενδεικτικά ακόλουθα στοιχεία: London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. α) οι τιμές αγοράς των προϊόντων ή υπηρεσιών, όπως αυτές προκύπτουν being indirectly “squeezed”. descriptionοικονομική of this phenomenon is included the work of Sociologist Ruth απόAσυγκριτική ανάλυση για ομοειδή in προϊόντα άλλων επιχειρήσεων, A description ofperiod, thisσε phenomenon is situations included the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the κατοίκων same while similar were in other major φορολογικών συνεργάσιμα κράτη ή in κράτη που δεν υπόκεινται σε GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries,καθεστώς. by other Researchers. προνομιακό φορολογικό Αν η τιμή των αγοραζόμενων αγαθών ή cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has several scholars andεξόδων, for its more υπηρεσιών (συμπεριλαμβανομένων και των παρεπόμενων π.χ.

Since then, the issue has several scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized below, μεταφορικών, εξόδων ασφάλειας και αποθήκευσης) από τα μηfrom συνεργάσιμα ή με comprehensive approach are being summarized from various προνομιακό φορολογικό καθεστώς είναι κατώτερη από τις the τιμές των interpretations of the phenomenon ofκράτη gentrification, thebelow, following: interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: αγαθών ή των που παρέχονται επιχειρήσεις συνεργάσιμων In a sense, the υπηρεσιών phenomenon is due to a trend από of a new category of social groups κρατών, τότε μπορεί θεωρηθεί ότι επιτυγχάνεται οικονομικό την to “return” to the city, να leaving the purlieus for several reasons: highόφελος costs inγια money ημεδαπή αυτή θα μπορούσε να επεκταθεί καιofστη and time toεπιχείρηση. travel fromΗtheανάλυση purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack the 1.of The term from Sociologist Ruth 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasότι bornηin διερεύνηση άλλων παραγόντων, από GLASS, τους οποίους αποδεικνύεται sense safety atcomes the distributed residencies outside town centres, better Berlin, where her first studies.

1932 she published entitled: συναλλαγή μεshe ταmade μη συνεργάσιμα ή μεInπρονομιακό κράτη services of health, education, entertainment “at theφορολογικό heartan ofimportant theκαθεστώς city”,study (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for έχει περισσότερα από παρόμοιες συναλλαγές με προμηθευτές lower living cost of,πλεονεκτήματα “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, από άλλες της studies ίδιας ήregarding διαφορετικής γεωγραφικής περιοχής (π.χ. χρόνος in According 1943 sheχώρες published cityphenomenon planning.

In 1950 she teacher in the to another approach, the is due tobecame a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public action and μεταφοράς των αγαθών, οργάνωση προμηθευτή, κ.λ.), long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: Abstract. http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually 5 ΠΟΛ. 1197/22-12-2016 Εγκύκλιος του Υπουργείου Οικονομικών

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β) αγορά προϊόντων ή πρώτων υλών από μη συνεργάσιμο ή με προνομιακό φορολογικό καθεστώς κράτος (π.χ. Μαλαισία, κ.λπ.) λόγω μη παραγωγής τους σε χώρα που θεωρείται συνεργάσιμη ή χωρίς προνομιακό φορολογικό καθεστώς. Επίσης, λήψη υπηρεσιών από μη συνεργάσιμο ή με προνομιακό φορολογικό καθεστώς κράτος, οι οποίες βάσει των δεδομένων της κοινής πείρας και των συναλλακτικών ηθών συνήθως παρέχονται από εταιρείες σε τέτοια κράτη (π.χ. υπηρεσίες θαλάσσιας μεταφοράς από ναυτιλιακές εταιρίες του Παναμά),

By Mr. (π.χ.

George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS γ) αν η τιμή αγοράς του προϊόντος καφέ) είναι η ίδια με την τιμή Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, κλεισίματος αυτού σε οργανωμένη χρηματιστηριακή αγορά, τότε η Student, δαπάνη By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS αγοράς του πρέπει να αναγνωρίζεται προς έκπτωση, έστω Architect και αν of the School Architecture πραγματοποιείται από επιχείρηση με έδρα σε Student μη συνεργάσιμο ή μεofπρονομιακό Technical University of από Crete φορολογικό καθεστώς κράτος, αφού στη συγκεκριμένη περίπτωση η αγορά το υπόψη κράτος δεν συνεπάγεται υπερτιμολόγηση.

1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept Επίσης, ειδικά για τα αεροσκάφη που είναι νηολογημένα σε κράτη μη 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC 370 BC, Athens), συνεργάσιμα ή με προνομιακό φορολογικό καθεστώς και -μισθώνονται από ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the ημεδαπές αεροπορικές εταιρείες ή υποκαταστήματα αλλοδαπών εταιρειών among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. εγκατεστημένα στην Ελλάδα, τα μισθώματα αυτά πρέπει να αναγνωρίζονται ως acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition of the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if not final, approach, the term δαπάνη του μισθωτή (φυσικού ή νομικού προσώπου ή νομικής οντότητας), 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” inindicated aκανείς first, ifνα(in not final, approach, the term gentrification) is the area of Planning) (or gentrification καθόσον οι εταιρείες από τις οποίες μπορεί μισθώσει τέτοια εμπορικά 1 (and urban gentrification gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or Sociology asείναι well),περιορισμένες as the “refining” a city area, the removal from this, (in various αεροσκάφη καιofανήκουν συνήθως στις κατασκευάστριες και Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), social groups, of low-income and the placementσε there of artists, με τηνof προϋπόθεση ότιusually δεν προκύπτει μεγάλη διαφοροποίηση σχέση με τα ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless of μισθώματα που καταβάλλουν άλλες αεροπορικές εταιρείες για τα ίδια τύπου και the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless of whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the ηλικίας αεροσκάφη. whatever other consequences resultsαγοράς also rising of land prices (and the potential relative speculation). Τέλος, επισημαίνεται ότι οιhas, δαπάνες αγαθών, λήψης υπηρεσιών, potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to κ.λπ. από εταιρείες με έδρα σε μη συνεργάσιμο ή με προνομιακό φορολογικό The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas of καθεστώς κράτος δεν εμπίπτουν στις προαναφερθείσες διατάξεις, ότανto the then observed trend wealthy peopleτους to there buy in καθόσον poor areas London, upgrade stay of themselves sometimes and thus old residents areof καταβάλλονται σεthem, συνδεδεμένες επιχειρήσεις στηνproperty αλλοδαπή, στις London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. περιπτώσεις αυτές προβλέπεται η τήρηση ειδικών φακέλων, προκειμένου για την being indirectly “squeezed”.

6 A description of thisτων phenomenon is included in the. work of Sociologist Ruth τεκμηρίωση των τιμών ενδοομιλικών συναλλαγών AΕπισημαίνεται description ofperiod, thisτα phenomenon is situations included the work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar were recorded in other65 major ότι μη συνεργάσιμα κράτη in της παρ.

3 του άρθρου του GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western by προνομιακό other Researchers. ν.4172/2013 καιcountries, τα κράτη με φορολογικό καθεστώς των παρ. 6 και 7 cities in Western countries, by other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and its με more του ίδιου άρθρου και νόμου καθορίστηκαν, για το φορολογικό έτοςfor 2014, τις the issue has several scholars and1039188 for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized below, the αριθ.Since ΔΟΣ then, Γ 1039110 ΕΞ 2014/4.3.2014 (ΦΕΚ Β' 570) και from Δ12 ΕΞ comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various 2014/4.3.2014 of (ΦΕΚ 570) αποφάσεις του Υπουργού interpretations the Β' phenomenon of gentrification, theκαι following: interpretations the phenomenon of the following: Οικονομικών, αντίστοιχα, τοcategory φορολογικό έτοςgroups 2015, In aΥφυπουργού sense, theof phenomenon is due togentrification, a trendκαι of aγια new of social με“return” τις ΠΟΛ.1279/31.12.2015 (ΦΕΚ Β' 2905) και ΠΟΛ.1277/31.12.2015 Β' to to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in(ΦΕΚ money 2905) αποφάσεις Οικονομικών, αντίστοιχα. and time to travel του fromΥπουργού the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the The termat comes from Sociologist GLASS, Ruth search GLASS wasbetter born Οι διατάξεις περ. ιγ'residencies τουRuth άρθρου 231912-1940. του ν.4172/2013 ισχύουν γιαin sense1.of safety theτης distributed outside town centres, for Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: δαπάνες που αφορούν φορολογικές περιόδους που αρχίζουν από την 1η services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for Ιανουαρίου 2014 και μετά. lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc. studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back to London, where in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public action and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: Abstract. http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually 6 άρθρο 21 του ν.4174/2013.

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ΠΟΛΙΤΙΣΤΙΚΕΣ ΔΡΑΣΕΙΣ ΤΕΧΝΟΛΟΓΙΚΟΥ GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types ΤΟΥ of Intervention, ΕΚΠΑΙΔΕΥΤΙΚΟΥ ΙΔΡΥΜΑΤΟΣ Definition, Types of intervention, Concerns of Gentrification ΙΟΝΙΩΝ ΝΗΣΩΝ 2010-2015 Concerns

Της Κυρίας Ευγενίας - Μαρίας Κ. ΑΘΑΝΑΣΟΠΟΥΛΟΥ

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS

Το ΤΕΙ Ιονίων Νήσων έχει συμβάλλει θετικάSchool και πρωτοποριακά στα Harvard University, Graduate of Design, Student, εκπαιδευτικά και ερευνητικά δεδομένα της τοπικής κοινωνίας όσον αφορά

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect στην πλειοψηφία των Τμημάτων του. Οι συνεργασίες τους ήδηof υπάρχοντες Student ofμε the School Architecture Technical University of Crete φορείς αλλά και με νέους στο μέλλον θα συμβάλλουν στην αναβάθμιση και καθιέρωση του Τεχνολογικού Εκπαιδευτικού Ιδρύματος Ιονίων Νήσων στον 1. Introductory Defining concept επαγγελματικό καιapproach: εκπαιδευτικό χώροthe όσο και στην παγκόσμια καλλιτεχνική 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, και επιστημονική σκακιέρα. Μέσω πρωτότυπων καλλιτεχνικών δρώμενων, ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC,διεθνών Athens), among other he left us, he established a great the μέσω των wise πιο heritage επίκαιρων θεμάτων για διερεύνηση, μέσω among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great “principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with the definition of the content of concepts. διαγωνισμών, μέσω της δημιουργίας «πολύτεχνου» και συνεργασιών των acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition of the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if not final, approach, the term Σχολών Καλών Τεχνών με το Ίδρυμα, το ΤΕΙ Ιονίων Νήσων θα αποτελέσει 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification έναν πιο ενισχυμένο πυρήνα δημιουργίας της σύγχρονης εποχής όπως και 1 (and urban gentrification gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various πόλο έλξης και τόπο συνάντησης ακόμα πιο σημαντικών φορέων και Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, εξεχουσών προσωπικοτήτων. ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”,there regardless of Ο στόχος της διοργάνωσης πολιτιστικών και this καλλιτεχνικών δράσεων the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However “change”, regardless of whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the του Τεχνολογικού Εκπαιδευτικού Ιδρύματος των Ιονίων Νήσων είναι η whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative παρουσίαση πρωτότυπου καλλιτεχνικού και πολιτιστικού έργου στην τοπική potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to κοινωνία και εν συνεχεία η επίτευξη της μέσα από την ενδιαφέρουσα The term gentrification found atpeople firstγνώσης in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor και πρωτοποριακή οπτική που αναδεικνύουν οι εκάστοτε εκδηλώσεις των the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof διαφορετικών σε λειτουργία και ταυτόχρονα πρωτοποριακών Τμημάτων του London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. Ιδρύματος. Πιο συγκεκριμένα, το «Τμήμα Προστασίας και Συντήρησης being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth Πολιτισμικής με έδρα τη Ζάκυνθοinwere και «Τμήμα A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included theτο work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the Κληρονομιάς» same while similar recorded inΤεχνολογίας other major Ήχου και Μουσικών Οργάνων» με έδρα την Κεφαλονιά στοχεύουν στην GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. ανάδειξη πολλαπλών καιhas νεωτεριστικών προσεγγίσεων αφορά στα cities in Western countries, by other Researchers.

Since then, the issue preoccupied several scholarsόσον and for its more πολιτιστικά, μουσικά και απαραίτητα εκπαιδευτικά δεδομένα τα οποία Since then, the issue has several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized from αποτελούν και πρωτοποριακή δίοδο που συνενώνει τα πανεπιστημιακά comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: ιδρύματα εντός και εκτός συνόρων και δημιουργεί ευκαιρίες ανάδειξης τόσο interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new category of social groups των καλλιτεχνικών προσωπικοτήτων όσο και της πολιτιστικής και to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money καλλιτεχνικής κληρονομιάς των Επτανήσων σε τοπικό και παγκόσμιο and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the επίπεδο.

1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, where she made her studies.

In 1932 published an important study entitled: Το φολκλόρ καιfirst η entertainment παράδοση, η she φιλοσοφία και η city”, αισθητική της services of health, education, “at the heart of the (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for μουσικής, οι κανόνες και τα πρότυπα, οι κοινωνικές συμβάσεις και επιταγές lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc. studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back to London, where προτάσσουν συγκεκριμένους τρόπους εκτίμησης απορρόφησης της in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning.

In 1950 she teacher in the to another approach, the isκαι due tobecame a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public action and κουλτούρας οι οποίες όμως μπορούν να καθοριστούν εκ νέου μέσω μιας long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. νεωτεριστικής προσέγγισης της έννοιας της2009. συνολικότερης τέχνης. Ο web, λόγος and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for the depreciation initially of part of the urban in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Co Ltd. London WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: Abstract. http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm το παρελθόν παρόλα αυτά, κρίνεται εντελώς απαραίτητος καθώς ανοίγει aγια variety of ways, in order to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

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μια συζήτηση για την ερμηνεία της πραγματικότητας και των πολύπλευρων διαστάσεών της. Το παρελθόν διαμορφώνει το μέλλον, για την ακρίβεια παρελθόν και μέλλον συνδιαμορφώνονται και αναπροσαρμόζουν τα δεδομένα κάθε τοπικής κοινωνίας και ευρύτερα. Οι τέχνες αποτελούσαν ανέκαθεν ιδιαίτερο πεδίο ενδιαφέροντος και ειδικώτερα για τα Ιόνια Νησιά όχι μόνο λόγω της Ενετικής επιρροής αλλά και λόγω της γεωγραφικής τους θέσης η οποία τα καθιστούσε κέντρα πολιτισμού

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS καθώς συνδέονταν με τις πλησιέστερες Ευρωπαϊκές χώρες πολύ περισσότερο Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, από ότι άλλες περιοχές του Ελλαδικού By χώρου.

Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Η κάθε δράση που έχει διοργανώσει το Τεχνολογικό Student of the SchoolΕκπαιδευτικό of Architecture ίδρυμα των Ιονίων Νήσων, έχει το δικό της χαρακτήρα. Ταυτόχρονα, Technical University of Crete αναδεικνύει και μία θεματική μαζί με έναν προβληματισμό της εποχής. Η 1. Introductory approach:κάθε Defining the concept ανάλυση και αποτίμηση δράσης μας οδηγεί στην αναζήτηση και 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept δημιουργία ενός ευρύτερου συνόλου το οποίο θα- αναδείξει τελικά ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek δράσεων philosopher, (444 BC 370 BC, Athens), the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among wise heritage he left us, he established(444 aδράσης. great the και ANTISTHENIS, τονother πρωτότυπο χαρακτήρα κάθε μεμονωμένης Ο κύκλος που among other wise heritage leftthe us, he established a great the acquisition of knowledge starts with definition of the στο content of“principle”: concepts. προκύπτει από το μερικό στοhe ολικό και από το ολικό μερικό εξασφαλίζει acquisition of knowledge starts with the definition of the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term την ποιότητα και την μοναδική σημαντικότητα του όλου εγχειρήματος των 1 (and urban Based, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification φορέων τουtherefore, Ιδρύματος.

1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” ofτην a city area, fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of*Δράσεις social groups, usually ofμε low-income andthe theremoval placement σχετικές Κατεύθυνση Προστασίας και ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless of Συντήρησης Πολιτισμικής Κληρονομιάς the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the Το Τμήμα αυτό ξεκίνησε την επίσημη λειτουργία του το 2009 μεof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative εργαστήρια φυσικοχημείας, συντήρησης ζωγραφικών και ανόργανων υλικών, potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is foundκαι at first in the UK inπληροφορικής early 1960s and τα it refers to συντήρησης ευπαθών υλικών εργαστήριο οποία The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor ενίσχυσαν την ανάδειξη των νέων τεχνικών αποκατάστασης των κειμηλίων the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas of London, stay of themselves and thus residents και τωνupgrade έργων them, τέχνης. Το περιβάλλον, ο πολιτισμός, η old έρευνα καιare η London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. καινοτομία αποτέλεσαν αντικείμενα μελέτης του Τμήματος αυτού. Η σύνδεση being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description ofαυτής this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth της A Κατεύθυνσης με τα Τμήματα Πληροφορικής τόσο στον ελληνικό description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major χώρο όσοatκαι στο εξωτερικό αποδείχθηκε ευεργετική καθώς συνέβαλλε στην GLASS the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. δημιουργία μιας countries, διόδου που λειτουργεί άμεσα και αποτελεσματικά όσον cities in Western bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more αφορά στην προστασία και τη συντήρηση της πολιτισμικής κληρονομιάς.

Since then, the issue has several scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized below, from Το πεδίο της συντήρησης και επισκευής μουσικών οργάνων comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: παραδοσιακών καιtheμη εξοικείωσε ofτους συμμετέχοντες με την ιστορία, τη interpretations of phenomenon gentrification, the following: In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new category of social groups χρήση, τη σωστή συντήρηση και επισκευή των μουσικών οργάνων τους και to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money ιδιαίτερα μέσα from από the ειδικές καιwhere πρακτική εφαρμογή and time to travel purlieusεπιδείξεις to downtown, work place is, lack ofτων the διδασκόμενων μεθόδων. termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, where she made her first studies.

In 1932 she ήταν an important study entitled: Απώτερος στόχος του προγράμματος ο χώρος Επτανήσων, services of health, education, entertainment “at published the heart of theτων city”, (possibly)for Youth Unemployment.την The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements εκμεταλλευόμενος πλούσια και μοναδική μουσική παράδοσή του, να lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back to London, καταστεί πανελλαδικό σημείο αναφοράς όσον αφορά στο αντικείμενο της in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning.

In 1950 she teacher in the to another approach, the is due tobecame a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public action and επιστημονικής συντήρησης των παραδοσιακών οργάνων. long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. Η real δυνατότητα συνεργασίας τουinitially Τμήματος Προστασίας και and selling estate, etc., for theCodepreciation of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. COLLINS SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: Συντήρησης Πολιτισμικής Κληρονομιάς του ΤΕΙ Ιονίων Νήσων με τα μουσεία G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

της Ζακύνθου κρίνεται υψίστης σημασίας Δράση καθώς αποτελεί βασικό άξονα σύνδεσης της Επτανησιακής κουλτούρας με την ιστορία και τις ρίζες της. Ο κύκλος διαλέξεων με θέματα σχετικά με τη συντήρηση και τον πολιτισμό αφορούσε σε πολύ συγκεκριμένα θέματα όπως: - Δυτικοευρωπαϊκές επιδράσεις στην Μεταβυζαντινή Αγιογραφία της Κρήτης και των Ιονίων Νήσων

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS -Πολιτισμός και Τεχνολογία: Μια Πρόσφατη Σχέση. Διδασκαλία μαθημάτων Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, με θέμα τον πολιτισμό στην τριτοβάθμια της ψηφιακής

By Mr.εκπαίδευση George-Sp. με C. χρήση ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect τεχνολογίας Student of the School of Architecture -Aπολιθωμένο Δάσος της Λέσβου: Δημιουργία- ΑνακάλυψηΠροστασίαΈργα Technical University of Crete Συντήρησης 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept -Συντήρηση Χειρογράφων από Αιθιοπία 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept -Βυζαντινές & Μεταβυζαντινές στη Ζάκυνθο ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Τοιχογραφίες Greek philosopher, (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among otherτου wise he left us, he established a great the -Υφάσματα Αγ.heritage Όρους: Καταγραφή & Συντήρηση(444 among&other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the -Τέχνη Νέες Tεχνολογίες acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, onΕικόνων: this “principle” first, if of not final, approach, the term -Συντήρηση Φορητών Παναγία ηa Επισκοπιανή 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term (and urban is indicated (inτα theοποία area of Planning) (or gentrification Οι διαλέξεις αυτέςgentrification) περιείχαν ποικίλα θέματα διευρύνουν το 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a απευθύνονταν city area, the removal from this, (in various γεωγραφικό πεδίο ενδιαφέροντος, σε ένα ευρύτερο κοινό Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, this, of (inπτυχές various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement there artists, πέρα από μαθησιακό, είχαν επιμορφωτικό χαρακτήρα και from ανέδειξαν ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of τουoperation πολιτισμού λιγότερο γνωστές. the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the Το Διεθνές Σεμινάριο με θέμα «Θρησκεία και Διαφωτισμός» εστίασεof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative σε μια σημαντική διάσταση για τη σχέση της θρησκείας με τις ιδέες του potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to Διαφωτισμού.

The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property poor Φιλοδοξία του σεμιναρίου ήταν να εξελιχθεί σε ένανinθεσμό που θα the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselvesγια sometimes there and thus old residentsπου areof αποτελούσε κέντρο αναφοράς τη συνεργασία ερευνητών London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly από “squeezed”. προέρχονταν την περιοχή της Μεσογείου. Με προσκεκλημένους being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth έγκριτους επιστήμονες σημαντικά εκπαιδευτικά της Ελλάδας A description ofperiod, this από phenomenon is situations included inwere the ιδρύματα work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar recorded in other major και του at εξωτερικού, συζητήθηκαν ζητήματα σχετικά με τις inθέσεις του GLASS the same period, while similar situations were recorded other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. κινήματος του Διαφωτισμού αναπτύχθηκαν στη Σκωτία και η σχέση τους cities in Western countries, byπου other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more με τηSince θρησκεία. then, the issue has several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized from Η ομάδα approach εργασίας are πουbeing διενέργησε μελέτη για from τη φυσική και comprehensive summarized below, the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: πολιτισμική κληρονομιά της Ζακύνθου και της Κεφαλονιάς παρήγαγε interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups πρωτότυπο έργο καθώς ανέδειξε την αρχιτεκτονική πολιτισμική κληρονομιά to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money της time Ζακύνθου μετά επιλογή μελέτης where αρχιτεκτονικών με and to travel fromαπό the την purlieus to downtown, work placeμνημείων is, lack of the γνώμονα το γεγονός ότι τα μνημεία αυτά δεν είναι ευρέως γνωστά, αλλά termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, where sheιστορική made her first studies. In 1932 και she published an important study entitled: έχουν υψηλή σημαντικότητα παράλληλα υπάρχει ανάγκη services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment.

Theμελέτης same yearτους, she left Germany and after δε continuous movements for περαιτέρω έρευνας και στις περισσότερες τωνmarkets, περιπτώσεων lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, υπάρχει και published η to ανάγκη αποκατάστασής τους. in According 1943 she studies regarding city planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the another approach, the phenomenon is due a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public action and Στην ευρύτερη περιοχή της πόλης της Ζακύνθου επιλέχθηκαν τα long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. ακόλουθα: and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

166

Η γέφυρα του Αργασίου, το Υδραγωγείο στα Βρυσάκια, η Παναγία η Σκοπιώτισσα, το Αρχοντικό Μεσσαλά, ο Μύλος του Ρορού, η Βαρδιόλα στο Μικρό Νησί, οι λαξευτοί ληνοί. Στόχος του προγράμματος ήταν να χρησιμοποιηθούν στο άμεσο μέλλον τα στοιχεία της μελέτης σε συνδυασμό με νέες τεχνολογίες ώστε να ενημερωθούν οι ενδιαφερόμενοι και τα μνημεία αυτά να τύχουν περαιτέρω έρευνας και μελέτης. Το Τμήμα Προστασίας και Συντήρησης Πολιτισμικής Κληρονομιάς της

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Ζακύνθου, συνέχισε κανονικά και αδιάλειπτα το επιστημονικό του έργο Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, ερευνώντας τους ναούς και τις μονές τηςGeorge-Sp. Κεφαλονιάς της Ζακύνθου. Ο

By Mr. C. και ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect πρωταρχικός σκοπός ήταν να εξεταστεί η αρχιτεκτονική του κάθε μνημείου Student of the School of Architecture και, με βάση τα ιστορικά στοιχεία, να ενταχθείTechnical στην ιστορία καιof Crete την University παράδοση της εκάστοτε κοινότητας.

1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept ιδιαίτερο χαρακτήρα όταν Οι ναοί και τα μοναστήρια αποκτούν 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444που συνδεθούν με την τοπική κοινωνία. παραδόσεις με τα ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek Οι philosopher, BC συνδέονται - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 Athens), among other wise he left us, he established a great the κτίρια δίνουν μια heritage διαφορετική χροιά στα ίδια τα (444 μνημεία. Στο BC, εσωτερικό among other wise heritage leftthe us,Οι he established a θησαυροί, greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with definition of the content concepts. φυλάσσονται σημαντικά έργαhe τέχνης. εκκλησιαστικοί τμήμα της acquisition of knowledge starts with the definition of the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term παράδοσης του τόπου, είναι ανάγκη να διαφυλαχθούν ως κληροδότημα για 1 (and urban Based, therefore, this “principle” inindicated a first, ifσυγκεκριμένες notthe final, approach, the της term gentrification) is (in area of Planning) (or gentrification τις επόμενες γενιές, on καθώς αντιπροσωπεύουν στιγμές 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ιστορίας που πάντα κάτι“refining” μας διδάσκει.

Sociology as well), as the “refining” ofανάδειξη a city area, the removal fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), ofΣεsocial groups, usually of την low-income and the placement μία ακόμη δράση για του πολιτιστικού πλούτου των ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless of Ιονίων Νήσων προχώρησε τo Τμήμα Προστασίας και Συντήρησης the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the Πολιτισμικής Κληρονομιάς του ΤΕΙ Ιονίων Νήσων στη Ζάκυνθο. Η δράσηof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative αφορούσε στην πρωτότυπη συλλογή πολιτιστικού υλικού σε ψηφιακή μορφή, potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found first in the in early 1960s and it με refers to που ήδη παρουσιάστηκε σε τοπικάatσχολεία καιUK η οποία διαρθρώθηκε απλό The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor και κατανοητό τρόπο, ώστε μελλοντικά να αποτελέσει το πρόπλασμα για μια the then observed trend of wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves andδύο thusνησιών. old residents areof εικονική ξενάγηση μέσω υπολογιστή στον πολιτισμό των London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. Η μελέτη έγινε στο πλαίσιο του προγράμματος «Εκπαιδευτικές being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description this phenomenon is includedπλούτου in the work Sociologist Ruth δράσεις για τηνofανάδειξη του πολιτιστικού τωνofof Ιονίων Νήσων».

A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major Θεωρώντας ωςsame πολιτιστική κληρονομιά κάθε υλικό ή άυλο inπνευματικό GLASS at the period, while similar situations were recorded other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. δημιούργημα, καθώς καιbyτις εκφράσεις και τις δραστηριότητες που cities in Western countries, other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more αποτελούν μαρτυρίες πολιτισμού (από τη μουσική, χορούς Since then, the issue has several τους scholars andκαι forτα itsέθιμα more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized below, from the various μέχρι τους μύθους και τα δρώμενα), σχεδιάστηκε και η καταγραφή-μελέτη comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: του πολιτισμικού the περιβάλλοντος των δύο γειτονικών νησιών του Ιονίου, interpretations phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups Ζακύνθου και Κεφαλονιάς, για την ανάδειξη της ιστορικής διαδρομής, με to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons:τους high costs in money ένανtime τρόπο που να συνομιλεί με τοto παρόν. and to travel from the purlieus downtown, where work place is, lack of the termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, where she made her first studies.

1932 she published an important study entitled: *Δράσεις σχετικές με τηνInΚατεύθυνση Μουσικής, Τεχνολογίας services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment.

The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for Ήχου, Ψηφιακών Μέσων lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, Τεχνολογίας Ήχου και Μουσικών Οργάνων διοργάνωσε in According 1943Το she Τμήμα published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning.

In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public action and εκδηλώσεις σύγχρονης μουσικής με τη υποστήριξη προηγμένου εξοπλισμού long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. τα οποία real διαθέτει η Κατεύθυνση, προβάλλοντας έτσιofτον συνδυασμό and selling estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. COLLINS SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: μουσικής και τεχνολογίας που απαντάται στη σημερινή εποχή. Προσεγγίσεις G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

της σύγχρονης ηχητικής τεχνολογίας όπως soundscapes, live electronics, βίντεο αυτοσχεδιασμούς και ηχητικά καθώς και εικονικά περιβάλλοντα αποτελούν καίριες δημιουργίες των φοιτητών του Τμήματος ενώ η δημιουργική μουσική τεχνολογία, η ψηφιακή επεξεργασία ήχου και η οργανοχρησία αποτελούν επίκαιρα αντικείμενα μελέτης τα οποία ερευνώνται στη σύγχρονη εποχή της ψηφιακής τέχνης και των multimedia art. Επιπλέον, η συμβολή της τεχνολογίας στο μουσικό χώρο έχει εισάγει

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS νέους τρόπους ακρόασης και εκ νέου προσέγγιση και εκτίμηση του όρου Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, «μουσική». Το τι ορίζεται ως μουσική δενGeorge-Sp. οριοθετείται σύγχρονη εποχή

By Mr. C. στη ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect καθώς ο κάθε μουσικός ή ερευνητής μπορεί να δημιουργήσει τη δική του Student of the School of Architecture μουσική παλέτα, προτείνοντας νέα δεδομένα στο χώρο της μουσικής Technical University of Crete ακρόασης και επιτέλεσης. Η δημιουργία νέων μορφών τέχνης μέσω της 1. Introductory concept μουσικής όπως τοapproach: video art Defining αποτελείthe πρωτοποριακή βάση στην εκπαίδευση 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 καιANTISTHENIS, εν τέλει διαμορφώνει τα επίκαιρα και μουσικά Τα the ancient Greek καλλιτεχνικά philosopher, BC - 370δεδομένα.

BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -πλέον 370 BC, Athens), among other wise διαμορφώνονται heritage he left us, he established a great “principle”: the μουσικά δρώμενα βάσει του υποκειμενικού στοιχείου other wise left us,definition he established a ηgreat the acquisition of knowledge startshe with the of the content of“principle”: concepts. ήamong του στοιχείου τηςheritage συνένωσης μιας συλλογικότητας οποία αποδίδει με acquisition of knowledge starts with the definition of the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term μοναδικό τρόπο την αποτύπωση μιας καλλιτεχνικής δημιουργίας.

1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the του term gentrification) indicated area of Planning) (or gentrification Η εκδήλωση σχετικά με το is παραδοσιακό μουσικό όργανο 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), the “refining” ofαπό a city το area,Τμήμα the removal from this,Ήχου (in various «άσκαυλου» πουasδιοργανώθηκε Τεχνολογίας και Sociology as well), asκρίνεται the “refining” of aσημασίας city area, fromthere this,τοof (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement artists, Μουσικών Οργάνων ειδικής καθώς επαναφέρει ζήτημα ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of τηςoperation επιτέλεσης και απόδοσης της παραδοσιακής μουσικής βάσει the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the παρελθοντικών τακτικών. Ταυτόχρονα αναδεικνύει πτυχές του πολιτισμούof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative των Επτανήσων οι οποίες είναι λιγότερο γνωστές στο ευρύ κοινό. potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at firstΔήμου in the UK in early 1960s to Η Κοινωφελής Επιχείρηση Κεφαλονιάς καιandτοit refers Τμήμα The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor Τεχνολογίας Ήχου και Μουσικών Οργάνων του ΤΕΙ Ιονίων Νήσων the then observed trend of wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves and thus old residents areof διοργάνωσαν μουσική εκδήλωση για την πρώτη εμφάνιση της Ορχήστρας και London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectlyΣυνόλου “squeezed”. του Μουσικού του Τμήματος, στο Δημοτικό Θέατρο Αργοστολίου «Ο being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description this phenomenon included in the Θέατρο work of Sociologist Ruth ΚΕΦΑΛΟΣ» στις of 14 Δεκεμβρίου καιisis στο Δημοτικό «ΤΟ A description ofperiod, this phenomenon included inwere the recorded work ofΛηξουρίου Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar situations in other major ΜΑΡΚΑΤΟ» στις 15 Δεκεμβρίου αντίστοιχα. Ο θεσμός της «ορχήστρας» GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. προβάλλει την countries, έννοια της συλλογικότητας και αποτελούσε ανέκαθεν cities in Western bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more παραδοσιακό στοιχείο των Επτανήσων. Η εκδήλωση είχε στόχο βοηθήσει Since then, the issue has several below, scholars andνα for its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized from the various στην εδραίωση του Μουσικού Τμήματος του ΤΕΙ Ιονίων Νήσων τόσο στην comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: τοπική κοινωνία όσο και στα Ιόνια Νησιά. Η Δράση αυτή κρίνεται ως interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups πρωτότυπη γιατί προάγει τον θεσμό της «ορχήστρας», κάτι το οποίο έχει to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money αναδειχθεί σε πολύ λιγότερο βαθμόtoσε σχέση με where άλλες μουσικές εκδηλώσεις. and time to travel from the purlieus downtown, work place is, lack of the Μια ξεχωριστή εκδήλωση με οπτικοακουστικά έργα διοργάνωσε στηin termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, where she made her first studies.

In 1932 she published an important study entitled: Ζάκυνθο το Τμήμα Τεχνολογίας Ήχου και Μουσικών Οργάνων του ΤΕΙ Ιονίων services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”,movements (possibly)for Youth Unemployment.

The year she left Germany and after continuous Νήσων, στοcost πλαίσιο τουsame έργου Οπτικοακουστική Οικολογία: Αποτύπωση lower living of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc.του studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back to London, where φυσικού περιβάλλοντος τουregarding Ιονίουthe Πελάγους σε In μορφή Ψηφιακού Μουσείου in According 1943 she published studies cityphenomenon planning.

1950 she teacher in the to another approach, is due tobecame a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public action and Περιβαλλοντικής Εκπαίδευσης. Η ημερίδα ξεκίνησε με ενημέρωση για την long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. ιδιαίτερη φύση τουetc., έργου της Οπτικοακουστικής Οικολογίας, το web, οποίο and selling real estate, for the depreciation initially of part of the urban in 10th edit. Wil. COLLINS SONS AND Co Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: συνίσταται στην καταγραφή των λεγόμενων «ηχοτοπίων», υπό την έννοια G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

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της διάσωσης του φυσικού περιβάλλοντος μέσω παρακολούθησης της διαχρονικής πορείας του ηχητικού περιβάλλοντος. Παράλληλα, έγινε η παρουσίαση του καινοτόμου συστήματος «ψηφιακής εμβύθισης» ΑRTE270, ως το κατ’ εξοχήν μέσο αναπαραγωγής της πολυκαναλικής πληροφορίας η οποία έχει συλλεχθεί κατά τη διάρκεια των καταγραφών που έγιναν στο πλαίσιο της δράσης. Στη συνέχεια, παρουσιάστηκαν τα οπτικοακουστικά έργα, τα οποία

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS συνδύαζαν την πανοραμική προβολή του οπτικού υλικού με το σύστημα Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, ηχητικής αναπαραγωγής surround 5.1.Και τα τρία έργα παρουσιάστηκαν

By Mr. George-Sp. C.που ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect είχαν συντεθεί αποκλειστικά από ήχους τηςStudent φύσηςofτων Επτανήσων, αφού the School of Architecture στο πλαίσιο της δράσης είχε πραγματοποιηθεί εκτενής σειρά από υψηλών Technical University of Crete προδιαγραφών καταγραφές ήχου και εικόνας της φύσης. Ειδικά το έργο του 1. Introductory approach: Defining Νίκου Σταυρόπουλου «Portrait Z΄» the είχεconcept ως πρώτη ύλη αποκλειστικά τα 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept ζακυνθινά ηχοτοπίαthe καιancient αποτέλεσε τον καρπό της (444 ηχητικής του στο ANTISTHENIS, Greek philosopher, BC - έρευνάς 370 BC, Athens), the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the νησί.ANTISTHENIS, among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term Πρόγραμμα 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term (and urban απεικόνιση gentrification)τοπίων is indicated (in the areaπροβολή of Planning) (or gentrification ΜΕΡΟΣ Α΄: Ρεαλιστική (πανοραμική με ήχο 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology well), the “refining”Μ. of Εμμανουήλ, a city area, the fromΦ. this, (in various surround as 5.1) - Α. as Λουφόπουλος, Θ.removal Επιτήδειος, Μαραγκός Sociology asPortrait well), as Z’ the of a city area, fromthere this, of (in various ways), ofΒ΄: social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement artists, ΜΕΡΟΣ –“refining” Νίκος Σταυρόπουλος (ηλεκτροακουστική μουσική, ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”, regardless of ηχητική αναπαραγωγή με σύστημα ηχείων surroundthis 5.1) the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the ΜΕΡΟΣ Γ΄: The Fog – Α. Λουφόπουλος, Μ. Εμμανουήλ, Θ. Επιτήδειος, Φ.of whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative Μαραγκός (πανοραμική προβολή με ήχο surround potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the buy UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of property in poor Η Δράση αυτή θέτει το Τμήμα Μουσικής καιto Τεχνολογίας σε πρώτο πλάνο με the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas of London, upgrade them, themselves sometimes there and oldμια residents τον πρωτοποριακό τηςstay χαρακτήρα καθώς αναδεικνύει γιαthus άλλη φορά are το London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. ιδιαίτερο ταλέντο και τις καλλιτεχνικές δυνατότητες των φοιτητών του being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of thisέχουν phenomenon included in the work of Sociologist Τμήματος οι οποίοι προβεί isσε πρωτότυπο έργοRuth και A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere theκαλλιτεχνικό work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar recorded in other major ανεβάζουν τον πήχη του Ιδρύματος.

GLASS at the same period, situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, bywhile othersimilar Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more *Δράσεις γιαissue τις Τέχνες Since then, the has several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized from Ο κριτικός στοχασμός αποτελεί απαραίτητο στοιχείο στην comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: εκπαίδευση των ενηλίκων για το λόγο ότι προσεγγίζει την έννοια της Τέχνης interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups μέσω της δημιουργικότητας. Επιπλέον, μέσω του στοχασμού, ενισχύεται η to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money κριτική στάση στην πραγματικότητα ενώ μετασχηματίζεται η and time to travelαπέναντι from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the μάθηση και ταυτόχρονα εκτιμάται βαθύτερα η Τέχνη. Οι τέχνες συνενώνονται termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, sheκαι made her first studies.

In 1932σημείο she published an important study σε ένα where κράμα αποτελούν κεντρικό αναφοράς ανάλογα μεentitled: τον services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment.

The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for εκάστοτε κριτικό και φιλοσοφικό στοχασμό. Πίνακες ζωγραφικής διαφόρων lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, ρευμάτων, διαφορετικά φιλοσοφικά κείμενα,In 1950 κινηματογραφικά φιλμ, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public action and θεατρικά έργα, γλυπτική συνενώνονται ως μορφές τέχνης και αποτελούν το long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. πολύτεχνο πάνω στοetc., οποίο θα χτίσει ο κάθε initially ενδιαφερόμενος προκειμένου and selling real estate, for theCo depreciation of part of the urban web,να in 10th edit. Wil. COLLINS SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: ορίσει τη δική του κριτική πραγματικότητα.

G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

Στην Εισαγωγή της μελέτης μου επισήμανα τη σημασία της τέχνης καθώς και του «πολύτεχνου». Στη Δράση αυτή εμπεριέχονταν διάφορες μορφές τέχνης με ιδιαίτερη έμφαση στον κινηματογράφο. Κάθε τέχνη αποτυπώνει με τον τρόπο της μια μοναδική πραγματικότητα. Η Δράση συντέλεσε στην διεύρυνση των οριζόντων των συμμετεχόντων και αναμένεται συνέχειά της με νέα Σεμινάρια. Τα εγκαίνια του Κέντρου Καλλιτεχνικής Δημιουργίας και Εκπαίδευσης

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS «Κωνσταντίνος Παρθένης» πραγματοποιήθηκαν με τη φιλοδοξία να Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, δημιουργηθούν οι προϋποθέσεις Byγια ενίσχυση της καλλιτεχνικής Mr. την George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect δημιουργίας στην περιοχή, την ανάδειξη και τη διάχυση τωνofαξιών του Student of the School Architecture Επτανησιακού Πολιτισμού, ιδιαίτερα στο πεδίο τωνTechnical εικαστικών τεχνών και University of Crete της Ιστορίας της Τέχνης, με αφορμή την αξιοποίηση της πολιτιστικής 1. Introductory Defining concept κληρονομιάς που approach: προκύπτει από τοtheέργο του ζωγράφου Κωνσταντίνου 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the conceptπίνακες Παρθένη, ο οποίος έζησε και ζωγράφισε αρκετούς ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BCστην - 370Πεσσάδα.

BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the Η δημιουργία τουancient καλλιτεχνικού και εκπαιδευτικού κέντρου αυτού among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition heσαν established a αναφοράς greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge with of the content concepts. είχε επίσης στόχο ναstarts λειτουργήσει κέντρο για τον acquisition of knowledge starts with the definition of the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term Κωνσταντίνο Παρθένη, με τη συγκέντρωση τεκμηρίων για τη ζωή και το έργο 1 (and urban therefore, on επιδιώξαμε this “principle” inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) is area of Planning) (or gentrification του.Based, Με αυτό τον τρόπο να κινητοποιήσουμε την τοπική κοινωνία, 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” a city area, removalγια from this, (in various ενισχύοντας και προβάλλοντας τηofσημασία τουthe Κέντρου τους μαθητές της Sociology as well), the “refining” of a εκπαίδευσης. city area, fromthere this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement artists, πρωτοβάθμιας καιasδευτεροβάθμιας Παράλληλα, τοof Κέντρο ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of the operationσε of art galleries, restaurants, κατάρτισης etc. However this of εξελίχθηκε διαρκές εργαστήριο για “change”, φοιτητέςregardless Α.Ε.Ι.artists, (με the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the αναφορές σε καλλιτεχνικά μαθήματα και την Ιστορία της Τέχνης),of whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative αποτελώντας ένα πόλο καλλιτεχνικής και πολιτιστικής δημιουργίας potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification πανελλήνιας εμβέλειας. is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend της ofiswealthy to buy property poor Με την ανάδειξη οικίας Βαλσαμάκη, όπου έζησε οinΚωνσταντίνος the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residentsκαι areof Παρθένης, και την ανακαίνιση του κοινοτικού καταστήματος, ηold Πεσσάδα, London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. γενικότερα η Λειβαθώς απέκτησε ένα πολιτιστικό κέντρο το οποίο μπορεί να being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this όλους phenomenon is included the work of Sociologist Ruth χρησιμοποιηθεί από τους φορείς τηςininΚεφαλονιάς για διάφορες A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar were in other major πολιτιστικές εκδηλώσεις.

GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. Δράση countries, αυτή κρίνεται πρωτότυπη και αναγκαία για την τοπική cities inΗWestern bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more κοινωνία όσο και ευρύτερα ενώ ταυτόχρονα συμβάλλει στην ανάδειξη του Since then, the issue has several scholars and for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized below, from the πολιτιστικού πλούτου και των τεχνών. comprehensive approach are being summarized from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thebelow, following: Το Τμήμα Δημοσίων Σχέσεων & Επικοινωνίας του ΤΕΙ Ιονίων Νήσων, interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new category of social groups σε“return” συνεργασία Κέντρο Καλλιτεχνικής Δημιουργίας & costs Εκπαίδευσης to to the με city,το leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high in money «Κωνσταντίνος στο πλαίσιο της σειράς and time to travelΠαρθένης», from the purlieus to downtown, where«Πολιτιστική work place is, αναβίωση lack of the της 1. Χάρτας του Ρήγα», διοργάνωσε με τίτλο Κεφαλονίτες σταin term from Sociologist Ruthεκδήλωση GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth GLASS for wasbetter born sense ofThe safety atcomes the distributed residencies outside town centres, search Berlin, where sheεισηγήσεις made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: Βαλκάνια. Στις παρουσιάστηκαν όψεις της σχέσης που ανέπτυξαν services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly)for Unemployment.

Theευρύτερη same year she left Germany and after continuous movements οιYouth Κεφαλονίτες με “withdrawal” την περιφέρεια της Νοτιοανατολικής Ευρώπης, lower living cost of, from private car easier access markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came to back to London, καθώς ξεχωριστά παραδείγματα ανθρώπων του πολιτισμού από in την in According 1943 και she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 she teacher the to another approach, the is due tobecame a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public action and Κεφαλονιά που διέπρεψαν στον χώρο των Βαλκανίων. Εδώ υπογραμμίζεται η long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. σημασία της Εθνομουσικολογίας καθώς και του διαλόγου μεταξύ πολιτισμών and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: στόχο την ανάδειξη των τεχνών.

Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: Abstract. http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm aμε variety of ways, in order to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

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Η ανταλλαγή απόψεων, η εντρύφηση σε μια διαφορετική κουλτούρα είτε με τη μορφή ενός εξωτερικού παρατηρητή είτε με τη διάθεση ενός ερευνητή που διεξάγει επιτόπια έρευνα προσδίδει χαρακτηριστικά τόσο σε προσωπικό επίπεδο όσο και στις τέχνες. Ο καλλιτέχνης βρίσκεται στο μέσο μιας δημιουργίας που αναπόφευκτα τον καθιστά ερμηνευτή μιας πολύπολιτισμικότητας. Η έκθεση ΣΥΝΑΝΤΗΣΕΙΣ διοργανώθηκε από το ΤΕΙ Ιονίων Νήσων, στο

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS πλαίσιο της συγκρότησης Αρχείου Συγχρόνων Επτανησίων Καλλιτεχνών Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, (Α.Σ.Ε.Κ.), το οποίο ήταν ένας από τους τρεις στόχουςC. ιδρύσεως του Κέντρου

By Mr. George-Sp. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Καλλιτεχνικής Δημιουργίας και Εκπαίδευσης Κωνσταντίνος Παρθένης Student of the School of Architecture (ΚΕ.ΚΑΛ.Δ.Ε.) στην Πεσσάδα. Από τους μέχριTechnical τώρα University καταγραφέντες of Crete καλλιτέχνες συμμετείχαν 53, οι οποίοι κατάγονταν από τη Ζάκυνθο, την 1. Introductory the concept Κεφαλονιά και τη approach: Λευκάδα ήDefining συνδέονταν με οποιοδήποτε τρόπο με τα νησιά 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444Είναι καιANTISTHENIS, ανήκουν στηνthe οικογένεια των philosopher, Επτανησίων. όλοιBC, μέλη του ancient Greek BC - 370 Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, among otherΕπιμελητηρίου wise heritage he left us, he established a great the Εικαστικού Ελλάδος ή έχουν συστηματικές σπουδές σε Athens), Σχολές amongΤεχνών other wise he left us, he established a great the acquisition of knowledge startsκαι with the definition of of“principle”: concepts. Καλών στηνheritage Ελλάδα στο εξωτερικό. Μεthe ταcontent έργα τους κάλυψαν τις acquisition of knowledge starts with the definition of the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term περισσότερες καλές και διακοσμητικές τέχνες: ζωγραφική, γλυπτική, 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) is area of Planning) (or gentrification χαρακτική, σχέδιο, κεραμική, αγιογραφία, ενδυματολογική μακέτα.

1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology well), θέτει as the “refining” area, theεπίκεντρο removal from (in various Η as Δράση για άλλη of μιαa city φορά στο τις this, Καλές Τέχνες Sociology as well), the “refining” of a city area, from this, (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement there of αναδεικνύοντας τοas πλούσιο και ιδιόμορφο χαρακτηριστικό των Επτανησίων ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of δημιουργών. the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the Στην εκδήλωση «Ημερίδα για την τέχνη της Επτανησιακής Σχολής»of whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative παρουσιάστηκαν τα εικαστικά επιτεύγματα των εκπροσώπων της potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in ρεύματος early 1960sστον and itελληνικό refers to Επτανησιακής Σχολής, του πρώτου καλλιτεχνικού The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refers to the then observed trend of to buy property in poor χώρο με αναφορές στη δυτική τέχνη, που διήρκεσε μέχρι και τον 19ο αιώνα. of Η the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas of London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are Επτανησιακή Σχολή καιstay η πρόσληψή της στην Ελλάδα, Ιταλικές αναγνώσεις London, upgrade them, themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. της Επτανησιακής Σχολής και οι όψεις της τέχνης της αποτέλεσαν being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description ofαναλύθηκαν this phenomenon included in the of Sociologist αντικείμενα που κατά isτην Ημερίδα. Η work εκδήλωση περιείχεRuth και A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar recorded in other major μουσικό μέρος από κανταδόρους που ερμήνευσαν Επτανησιακές μελωδίες.

GLASS at the same period, situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, bywhile othersimilar Researchers. Και αυτή η Δράση είχε Επτανησιακό χρώμα και υπογράμμισε για άλλη μια cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more φορά τη συμβολή των Επτανήσων στον καλλιτεχνικό χώρο. and for its more Since then, the issue has several below, scholars comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized from the various comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: Η εκδήλωση για την Επτανησιακή Λογοτεχνία και Βράβευση interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new category of social groups Επιφανών Επτανησίων περιλάμβανε εισηγήσεις από λογοτέχνες και to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money φιλολόγους, καθώς καιpurlieus στρογγυλά τραπέζια με προσκεκλημένους and time to travel from the to downtown, where work place is, lack of the συγγραφείς. Οι εργασίες συνοδεύονταν από απαγγελίες καιin termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruthποιημάτων GLASS for wasbetter born sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, search Berlin, where έργων. she madeΑπώτερος her first studies.

In 1932 she published anήταν important study entitled: αναγνώσεις σκοπός της διοργάνωσης να καθιερωθεί services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”,movements (possibly)for Youth Unemployment.

The same year sheνησί left Germany and after continuous ως θεσμός, με έδρα σε διαφορετικό τωνcar Επτανήσων κάθε χρόνο, ώστε να lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private easier access to markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back to London, βοηθήσει εμβάθυνση της ξεχωριστής πνευματικής παραγωγής του in According 1943 sheστην published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning.

In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public action and Ιονίου, που τείνει να παραγκωνιστεί από το σώμα των ελληνικών γραμμάτων, long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. αλλά και ναreal συμβάλει στηfor διάσωση του ιδιαίτερου επτανησιακού ιδιώματος. and selling estate, etc., theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. COLLINS SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

Το ΤΕΙ Ιονίων Νήσων στα πλαίσια των εκδηλώσεων για την Επτανησιακή Τέχνη και κατ’ επέκταση των δραστηριοτήτων του Κέντρου Καλλιτεχνικής Δημιουργίας και Εκπαίδευσης «Κωνσταντίνος Παρθένης» (ΚΕ.ΚΑΛ.Δ.Ε.), διοργάνωσε Επιστημονικό Συμπόσιο για την Τέχνη της Επτανησιακής Σχολής Πρόκειται για τη συνέχιση προγενέστερων δράσεων του ΤΕΙ Ιονίων Νήσων, με σκοπό τη βαθύτερη γνωριμία με τον πολιτιστικό πλούτο των Επτανήσων. Το συμπόσιο απευθυνόταν σε κάθε ενδιαφερόμενο,

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS και ιδιαίτερα σε όσους αγαπούν την Τέχνη και τον Πολιτισμό, Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, παρακολουθούν τις εξελίξεις ή συμμετέχουν ενεργά C. στην καλλιτεχνική και

By Mr. George-Sp. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect πολιτιστική ζωή του τόπου.

Student of the School of Architecture Technical University of Crete

Πίνακες Δράσεων του ΤΕΙ Ιονίων Νήσων 2010-2015

1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept Κατεύθυνση Προστασίας και Συντήρησης Πολιτισμικής ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -Κληρονομιάς 370 BC, Athens), Παρουσίαση Τμήματος για τη Διαχείριση της Πολιτισμικής του ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC Κληρονομιάς -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the παρελθόντος among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the acquisition ofτο knowledge starts with theόργανο the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” indefinition a first, if of not final, approach, the term Εκδήλωση για παραδοσιακό μουσικό του άσκαυλου 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term (or gentrification (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Διαλέξεις as γιαwell), τη Συντήρηση και επισκευή πνευστών και κρουστών μουσικών Sociology as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, of (inartists, various οργάνων ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, Διάλεξη για την αναπτυξιακή διάσταση της Πολιτικές the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.Πολιτιστικής However thisΚληρονομιάς: “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless Προστασίας και Ανάδειξης whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the Ηwhatever Μπάνταrelative στα Επτάνησα potential speculation). potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at Σχετικού first in theμεUK early 1960sΠαραδοσιακού and it refers to Προβολή Οπτικοακουστικού Υλικού τηνinΚατασκευή The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor Πνευστού Μουσικού Οργάνου the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof Συνεργασία του ΤΕΙ με τα μουσεία της Ζακύνθου London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. Α΄being Κύκλος διαλέξεων για τη Συντήρηση και τον Πολιτισμό indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth Παρουσίαση γιαphenomenon τηwhile φυσική και πολιτισμική κληρονομιά τηςother Ζακύνθου A description ofperiod, this is situations included inwere the work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at theΜελέτης same similar recorded in major και της Κεφαλονιάς GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, byναούς other και Researchers.

Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholarsκαι and for its more Παρουσίαση Μελέτης για τους τις μονές Κεφαλονιάς της Ζακύνθου Since then, the issue has several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized from Παρουσίαση Μελέτης του πολιτισμικού περιβάλλοντος Ζακύνθου & Κεφαλονιάς comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: με τη συλλογή πολυμεσικού υλικού of gentrification, the following: interpretations of the phenomenon In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new category of social groups Διεθνές συμπόσιο για τη συντήρηση ανατολίτικων χειρογράφων στη Ζάκυνθο to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the Σεμινάριο για τη Συντήρηση απολιθωμένου ξύλου στην Ταϋλάνδη termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Παρουσίαση οπτικοακουστικών συνθέσεων βασισμένων στη φύση των Berlin, where she made her first studies.

In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for Επτανήσων lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, Ημερίδα γιαpublished τη Διάσωση μουσικής και πολιτιστικής μέσω ενός in According 1943 she studies regarding cityphenomenon planning.

In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the isκληρονομιάς due a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public action and πλαισίου ψηφιακής αξιοποίησης long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling real estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially ofμουσικών part of the urban web, in Αποτίμηση των σεμιναρίων συντήρησης και επισκευής οργάνων από 10th edit. Wil. COLLINS SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm aτο variety of ways, in order toΜουσικών achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually Τμήμα Τεχνολογίας Ήχου Abstract. & Οργάνων

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

Ημερίδα για τη συντήρηση των θησαυρών της Θεολογικής Σχολής της Χάλκης

Ημερίδα στο Αργοστόλι για την αποτύπωση κτιρίων Επτανησιακής Αρχιτεκτονικής 2η Διεθνής Συνάντηση Συντήρησης & Καταγραφής Εκκλησιαστικών Κειμηλίων

172

Κατεύθυνση Μουσικής, Τεχνολογίας Ήχου, Ψηφιακών Μέσων

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Εκδήλωση Μουσικής και Τεχνολογίας Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, Πανελλήνιο Συμπόσιο Ηλεκτροακουστικής Μουσικής

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Μουσική Εκδήλωση του Τμήματος Τεχνολογίας Ήχου και Μουσικών Οργάνων Student of the School of Architecture Ημερίδα και έκθεση για το ραδιόφωνο από το Τμήμα Τεχνολογίας Ήχου & Technical University of Crete Μουσικών Οργάνων 1. Introductory Definingεξοπλισμού the conceptγια το Τμήμα Τεχνολογίας Παρουσίαση νέουapproach: εργαστηριακού 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), Ήχου & Μουσικών Οργάνων ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the γιαheritage τις starts Τέχνες amongΔράσεις other wise he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge with of the content concepts. the Σεμινάριο «Δημιουργικότητα και Κριτικός μέσα απ' την Τέχνη» acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” aΣτοχασμός first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term Διάλεξη Θρησκεία και Διαφωτισμός (or gentrification (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Εγκαίνια του Κέντρου Καλλιτεχνικής Δημιουργίας και Εκπαίδευσης Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, of (inartists, various «Κωνσταντίνος Παρθένης» ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of Εκδήλωση «Κεφαλονίτες στα Βαλκάνια» the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences results also καλλιτεχνών rising of land prices (and theof Έκθεση «Συναντήσεις» με έργα has, 53 Επτανήσιων whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative Εκδήλωση για τοspeculation). περιοδικό «Η Κεφαλονίτικη Πρόοδος» potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to Ημερίδα για την τέχνη της Επτανησιακής Σχολής στην Πεσσάδα Κεφαλονιάς.

The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor Εκδήλωση για την Επτανησιακή Λογοτεχνία και Βράβευση Επιφανών the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas London, upgrade stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof Επτανησίων στηνthem, Κεφαλονιά London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. Παρουσίαση δραστηριοτήτων του Τεχνολογικού Ιδρύματος Ιονίων Νήσων και being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in Σχολής the work ος Sociologist ανάδειξη του βιβλίου «Η Τέχνη της Επτανησιακής 18of 19ος αι.» Ruth A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of- Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar major Επιστημονικό Συμπόσιο για την Τέχνη τηςsituations Επτανησιακής Σχολήςininother GLASS at the same period, while similar were recorded other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more Πίνακας λοιπών Δράσεων Since then, the issue has preoccupied several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach are being summarized from Εκδήλωση για το ERASMUS comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: Ημερίδα για το Ιόνιο Μουσικό Αρχείο interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new category of social groups Παρουσίαση και Ανάδειξη των Θερινών Σχολείων του ΤΕΙ Ιονίων Νήσων ως to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money Παράδειγμα παραγωγής έργου and time to travel from theπρωτότυπου purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the Εκδήλωση για την προβολή των εκπαιδευτικών καιsearch ερευνητικών termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth GLASS wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, for Berlin, where she made her first studies.

In 1932 she published an important study entitled: δραστηριοτήτων του ΤΕΙ Ιονίων Νήσων services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for «Μια ιστορία επιτυχίας από το ΤΕΙ Ιονίων Νήσων» lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, Ιόνιο Μουσικό Διάσωση μουσικής και πολιτιστικής κληρονομιάς μέσω in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning.

In 1950 sheto became teacher in the toΑρχείο: another approach, the is due a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public action and ενός πλαισίου ψηφιακής αξιοποίησης long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. «Ανάδειξη του Τεχνολογικού Ιδρύματος Ιονίων Νήσων ωςof Διεθνούς Πόλου and selling real estate, etc., for the depreciation initially of part the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. COLLINS SONS AND Co Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: και Καινοτομίας» Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm aΕκπαίδευσης variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Πίνακας Δράσεων με Νέες Προτάσεις Concerns

Διάλεξη του σημαντικού Ισπανού Ελληνιστή Πέδρο Ολάγια στη Λευκάδα Παρουσίαση του προγράμματος IPHRAS Εκμάθησης Επτά Γλωσσών

Ι. Νέες Δράσεις για την Συντήρηση Πολιτισμικής Κληρονομιάς Σεμινάριο για τις Τακτικές επιτέλεσης Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Workshop με ξένους κατασκευαστέςBy μουσικών οργάνων Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, Δημιουργία Μουσείου

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Διαλέξεις Καθηγητών του Orange Coast College/California Student of the School of Architecture Introducing ‘Music in Church’ Technical University of Crete Δημιουργία «Κήπου» 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept Μουσικό Αρχείο Συνθετών 1.

Introductory approach: the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, Συνεργασία με Αρχιτεκτονική Κατεύθυνση Κρήτης ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the amongΙΙ.other wise heritage he left us, he established a great “principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with the definition of the content of concepts. Νέες Δράσεις για την Μουσική και την Τεχνολογία acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition of the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if not final, approach, the term ‘Avant-garde’1 music concerts Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term urban gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification «Μουσικοί του(and 1Δρόμου» gentrification (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ‘Radio-Abroad’ Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, Recording Labs&Film Music ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”,there regardless of «Διεθνές Φεστιβάλ Φολκλόρ» the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative ΙΙΙ.relative Νέες Δράσεις για τις Τέχνες potential speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to Σειρά Σεμιναρίων, ‘Technology, multimedia, The term gentrification found atpeople first invideo-art’ the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas ‘Contemporary Fine Arts’ London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are «Φιλοσοφία και“squeezed”. Αισθητική» being indirectly being indirectly “squeezed”. «Μουσική και Παράδοση» A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at και the Ξένοι same while similar in other major «Μουσική Πολιτισμοί» GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, other Researchers.

‘Philosophy, Literature andby Eastern patterns’ cities in Western countries, by other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more «Ιστορία Τέχνης ανατολικών πολιτισμών» Since then, the issue has several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized from comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations ofνέες the phenomenon ΙV. Άλλες προτάσεις of gentrification, the following: interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: In a sense, the phenomenon due to a trendμεofξένα a new category of social ERASMUS με Ξένους Φορείς καιis Συνεργασίες Πανεπιστήμια και groups to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money Μουσεία and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the Συνεργασία με Διεθνείς Μουσικούς Διαγωνισμούς termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Σύνδεση με Ερευνητικά Berlin, where she made herΠρογράμματα first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment.

The same year she‘Performing left Germany Arts’ and after continuous movements for Δημιουργία Μουσικής Κατεύθυνσης lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public action and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Professor Const.

GE. Gentrification Κωνστ. ΓΕ.

Definition, Types ofΚαθηγητής intervention, Concerns of ATHANASOPOULOS ΑΘΑΝΑΣΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ Postgrad. Progr. Panteion University Μετ. Προγρ. Σπ. Παντείου Πανεπ.

Concerns Κοιν. και Πολ. Επιστημών

Μετ. Προγρ. Σπ. Πανεπ. Αθηνών Postgrad. Progr. Univ. of Athens, Μετ. Προγρ. Νομικ. Σχ.

Postgrad. Progr. Law Sch.By Mr. George-Sp. C.Σπ.

ATHANASOPOULOS Πανεπ. «Νεάπολις», Πάφος Student, of “Neapolis” Univ., Pafos Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Δικηγόρος,C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Lawyer,By Mr. George-Sp. Architect Ex Ch.L.U.L., Bruxelles, Ex Ch.L.U.L., Bruxelles, Student of the School of Architecture Ex Int. I.I.A.P., Paris University of Crete Ex Int. I.I.A.P., Paris Technical

1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept 1. Introductory approach: the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term (or gentrification (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof Νέαrising of land prices (and the whatever otherspeculation). consequencesNew has, results also potential relative potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in theέκδοση UK in early 1960s and it refers to The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more Since then, the issue has several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized from comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new category of social groups to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning.

In 1950 she became teacher the to another approach, the is due to a systematic and Αθήναι, 2014Her public actionin Athens, 2014 University College of London, where she continued her social research. and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

ADMINISTRATIVE LAW

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ΔΙΟΙΚΗΤΙΚΟ ΔΙΚΑΙΟ

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ΝεώτερεςGENTRIFICATION Ρυθμίσεις επί Ποινικών Υποθέσεων Definition, Types of Intervention, εντός της Ε.Ε.

Definition, Types of intervention, Concerns of Gentrification Η περίπτωση του Ε.Ε.Σ. (Ευρωπαϊκού Εντάλματος Σύλληψης), Concerns με ειδικότερη αναφορά στην Κύπρο Της κυρίας Aρτ. ΣΑΒΒΙΔΟΥ

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Δικηγόρου, Υποψ. Διδ. Νομικής, Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student,

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Ειδ. Διδ. Προσωπ. Νομικής (Ποινικό Architect Δίκαιο) Student of theΠανεπ.

School of Architecture ΝΕΑΠΟΛΙΣ Technical University of Crete

Κυρίες και Κύριοι 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept 1.

Introductory the concept Ευθύς εξ αρχής να συγχαρώ τους Οργανωτές αυτού του ANTISTHENIS,approach: the σπεύδω ancientDefining Greek philosopher, (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, theκαι ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370πρόσκληση BC, Athens), σπουδαίου ναleft ευχαριστήσω για την among otherΣυνεδρίου wise heritage he us, he established a τιμητική great the among other wise he left us,definition he established a greatof “principle”: the acquisition of knowledge with the the οποίας content concepts. συμμετοχής με τηνheritage εν starts εξελίξει Εισήγησή μουofτης το θέμα είναι: acquisition of knowledge starts with the definition of the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term «Νεότερες Ρυθμίσεις επί Ποινικών Υποθέσεων εντός της Ε.Ε. Η 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification περίπτωση του Ε.Ε.Σ., με ειδικότερη αναφορά στην Κύπρο».

1 (and gentrification urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Η τρέχουσα διεθνής συγκυρία έχει δημιουργήσει μιαthis, νέα σειρά Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, καινοφανών προβλημάτων σεlow-income πολλά και πεδία:regardless πολιτικά, ways), of social groups, usually of andποικίλα thethis placement of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”,there of κοινωνικά, οικονομικά, περιβαλλοντικά, ασφαλείας κ.ά. the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof Πολλά εξ αυτών άλλοτε has, ήταν «διαχειρίσιμα» εντός εδαφικής whatever other consequences results also rising of landτης prices (and the potential relative speculation). potential relative speculation). επικράτειας γένεσής τους, πράγμα οποίο είναι δυνατό The term gentrification is found at firstτο in the UKδεν in early 1960s and it σήμερα refers to The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the observed trend ofisτων wealthy to buy property inτου poor είτεthen λόγω της φύσεως προβλημάτων, είτε λόγω μεγέθους the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas London, them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents αυτών, upgrade είτε άλλοτε λόγω μη προβλέψιμων καταστάσεων, όπωςare ηof London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. τρομοκρατία, τα συνήθη διεθνή εγκλήματα κ.ά. being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of thisαυτών phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth Λόγω, λοιπόν, των νέων καταστάσεων παρίσταται ανάγκη A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major υπερεθνικής συνεργασίας επίsimilar ποινικών υποθέσεων, εγκληματικών GLASS at the same period, while situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. δραστηριοτήτων κάθε κ.ά. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue μορφής has several scholars and for its more Since then, the issue has several scholars and for various itsείναι more Η εν λόγω συνεργασία εννοείται ότι σεbelow, πρώτο επίπεδο comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized from the comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various προς αποτροπήν εγκληματικών φαινομένων, ενώ σε επόμενο στάδιο interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: interpretations of the phenomenon gentrification, the following: εκτείνεται απτομένους ποινικής δικαιοδοσίας, In a sense,σε theτομείς phenomenon is dueof toσυγκρούσεων a trend of a new category of social groups to “return” the ίδια city, leaving theυπόθεση purlieus for severalδικαιοδοσία reasons: high περισσότερα costs in money (όταν για toτην ποινική έχουν and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the του ενός κράτη ή αμφισβητείται η νομιμότητα αρξαμένης ποινικής 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, διαδικασίας κ.ά.)

Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment.

The same year she leftως Germany and συνεργασία after continuousσε movements Κατά την κρατούσα άποψη, Διεθνής ποινικέςfor lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, υποθέσεις (και ιδίως μεταξύ Κρατών ανηκόντων σε μία νομική in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning.

In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public action and οντότητα, αυτή της Ε.Ε.) νοείται κάθε μορφής αρωγή, η οποία long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. παρέχεται από Κράτος σε Κράτος, στο πεδίο του Ποινικού Δικαίου. and selling real estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. COLLINS SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

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Η εν λόγω συνεργασία αφορά of στηνIntervention, σύμπραξη των Κρατών στο GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types πλαίσια διεξαγωγής μιας εσωτερικής ποινικής διαδικασίας.

Definition, ofεπίσης intervention, Concerns of Gentrification Υπό την έννοια αυτήTypes αποκαλείται, και Διεθνής Δικαστική Συνδρομή (ή αρωγή) σε Ποινικές Υποθέσεις.

Concerns Αυτή προσδιορίζεται κατά το περιεχόμενο από σειρά

176

παραμέτρων όπως:

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Α. Το στοιχείο της δικαστικής συνδρομής/αρωγής, υπό την Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, έννοια, ότι παρέχεται προς υποστήριξη μίας δικαστικής διαδικασίας.

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Β. Τον διεθνή (και διακρατικό) χαρακτήρα της.

Student of the School of Architecture Γ. Τον ποινικό χαρακτήρα της υποστηριζόμενης και εν εξελίξει Technical University of Crete διαδικασίας.

1. Introductory the concept Συνήθως, approach: η διεθνήςDefining δικαστική συνδρομή συνδρομή/αρωγή σε 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, ποινικές υποθέσεις περιλαμβάνει τα εξής στοιχεία: ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he άτομο left us,(εκζητούμενος) he established(444 a παραδίδεται great ένα από the το αα. Την έκδοση: among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. Κράτος, όπου έχει εντοπισθεί, στοtheοποίο έχει κινηθεί σε acquisition of knowledge starts withστο theinΚράτος, definition content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term βάρος τουtherefore, λόγω τέλεσης ή στο the οποίο 1ποινική Based, onδίωξη this “principle” inindicated a first,εγκλήματος if (in notthe final, approach, term (and urban gentrification) is area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (Κράτος) έχει καταδικασθεί για να εκτίσει την επιβληθείσα ποινή. gentrification (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ββ. Την (λεγόμενη) μικρή δικαστική συνδρομή/αρωγή: Αυτή Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andπράξεων, thethis placement of artists, περιλαμβάνει τοgalleries, σύνολο των λοιπών με there τις οποίες the operation of art restaurants, etc. However “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever otherμία consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof υποβοηθείται ποινική διαδικασία. whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, πράξεις results also rising of land (and the potential relative Πρόκειται, κυρίως, για ανάκρισης καιprices απόδειξης, potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to δηλαδή, επίδοσης εγγράφων, εξέτασης μαρτύρων και The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor πραγματογνωμόνων, διενέργειας ερευνών καιproperty κατασχέσεων, άρσηof the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old residents are τραπεζικού και τηλεφωνικού απορρήτου, (και) παροχής όποιας δήποτε London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. άλλης πληροφορίας, στοιχείων ποινικού μητρώου κ.ά. being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of thisπαροχής phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth Κατ’ άλλη προσέγγιση, η αναφερθείσα διεθνής συνεργασία επί A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major ποινικών υποθέσεων και μεταξύ Κρατών ανηκόντων ως Μέλη σε cities in Western countries, byιδίως other Researchers. cities in Western countries, byεκτείνεται other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has preoccupied severalσε scholars andαπτομένους for its more μία νομική οντότητα, τόσο τομείς Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and forποινική its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various συγκρούσεων ποινικής δικαιοδοσίας, όταν για την ίδια comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, following: υπόθεση έχουν δικαιοδοσία περισσότερα τουthe ενός κράτη, όσο και σε interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: In a sense, phenomenon is due to aεκκρεμούς trend of a new category of social groups τομείς πέρανthe της υποστήριξης μίας ποινικής διαδικασίας. to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money Διευκρινίζεται, ότι η διεθνής συνεργασία επί ποινικών and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the υποθέσεων περιλαμβάνει, ακόμη, την1912-1940. «μεταφορά» 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, Ruth search GLASSποινικών wasbetter born in sense safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, for Berlin, where she την made her first studies. In 1932 she publishedτην an important study entitled: διαδικασιών, αποκατάσταση καταδίκων, κοινωνική τους services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for επανένταξη, την πρόληψη του εγκλήματος, αλλάshe ενδεχομένως και την lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc. studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York came to back to London, where in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning.

In 1950 sheto became teacher in the αξιολόγηση του εκάστοτε ισχύοντος σε Κράτος συστήματος απονομής to another approach, the is due a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public action and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying της Ποινικής Δικαιοσύνης. her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling real estate, etc., for the depreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit.

COLLINS SONS AND Ltd. London WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: ΕξWil. άλλης πλευράς, η Co χρήση του 2009. όρου συνεργασία παραπέμπει Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: Abstract. http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm aστο variety of ways, in order to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually κλασικό διακυβερνητικό πρότυπο «συλλειτουργίας» των Κρατών.

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns Ετσι, υπό τον όρο της αμοιβαιότητας τα Κράτη συμβάλλονται Mr.παραδεδειγμένου George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS ως κυρίαρχα μεταξύ τους, βάσει By του προτύπου «της Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, οριζόντιας διακρατικής συνεργασίας».

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Η εν λόγω συνεργασία «ενδύεται» νομική μορφή, συνήθως, με Student of the School of Architecture την σύναψη διμερών ή πολυμερών διακρατικών συμβάσεων, είναι δε Technical University of Crete πλέον λυσιτελής όταν τα εμπλεκόμενα Κράτη συμβαίνει να είναι Μέλη Introductory approach: Defining the concept της1.αυτής νομικής οντότητας.

1.

Introductory approach: the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, ancientDefining Greek philosopher, Οι πρώτεςthe σχετικές προσπάθειες αυτών των μορφών ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, established(444 a great the συνεργασίας άρχισαν μετά τον Β΄ he Παγκόσμιο Πόλεμο, η370δεBC, ιστορική among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. διαδρομή και εξέλιξή starts τουςwith έχει συνδεθεί, ιδίως στονofτομέα των acquisition of knowledge thein definition the content concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term ποινικών με την ανάγκηisinαλληλοϋποστήριξης των Κρατών 1 (and urban Based, υποθέσεων, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) indicated area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 για την ικανοποίηση ποινικών αξιώσεων ένθεν/κακείθεν, την αμοιβαία gentrification (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various εξυπηρέτηση συμφερόντων, την καταπολέμηση της εγκληματικότητας Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), social groups, usually low-income and thethis placement there of artists, και τηνofδιασφάλιση τάξης σεofυπερ-Κρατικό επίπεδο, ήτοι παραμέτρων, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever consequences has, των results also rising of land pricesΈνωσης. (and theof οι οποίες other συνιστούν τον πυρήνα σκοπών της Ευρωπαϊκής whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices εξέλιξη (and the potential relative Επισημαίνεται, ότι καταλυτική επίδραση στην δικαιϊκή potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to του θέματος της διεθνούς συνεργασίας επί ποινικών υποθέσεων έχει The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor ασκήσει και η δράση Διεθνών Οργανισμών, δραστηριοποιούμενων σε the then observed trend wealthy people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes and thus old residents areof διάφορους τομείς, πολιτικής, οικονομίας διεθνών σχέσεων κ.ά., καθώς London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. και Διεθνών Δικαστηρίων (ιδίως μέσω της νομολογίας τους). being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth Η διεθνής συνεργασία επί ποινικών υποθέσεων κατάmajor την A description of this phenomenon is included in the work ofείναι Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major τρέχουσα περίοδο ιδιαιτέρως αναγκαία, δεδομένης της γνωστής cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Since then, the issue has several scholars andπροβαίνουν for its more συγκυρίας: υπήκοοι Κρατών π.χ.Researchers. της Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for various its είτε more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the σε μη σύννομες ενέργειες, είτε εντός Κρατών Μελών της Ένωσης, comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations εκτός αυτών. of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: interpretations the phenomenon gentrification, thecategory following: social groups In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof to a trend of των a new Με δεδομένη την ανάγκη σύλληψης δραστών of και επιβολής to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money ποινών από τα οικεία Δικαστήρια η δικαστική συνδρομή Τρίτων and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the . outside Κρατών είναι υπέρ το δέον αναγκαία 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense safety the distributed residencies town centres, Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for Συνεχίζεται… lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public action and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

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Φεβρουάριος 2017.

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EΠIΘEΩPHΣHGENTRIFICATION AΠOKENTPΩΣHΣ, TOΠIKHΣ AYTO∆IOIKHΣHΣ Definition, Types of Intervention, KAI ΠEPIΦEPEIAKHΣ ANAΠTY�HΣ Definition, Types ofD’intervention, REVUE DE DECENTRALISATION, ADMINISTRATION Concerns of Gentrification LOCALE ET DE DEVELOPPEMENT REGIONAL Concerns LOCAL REVIEW OF DECENTRALIZATION,

GOVERNMENT AND REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT *

By Mr. George-Sp. Tριµηνιαία Eπιστηµ�νική Έκδ�ση C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University, Graduate Edition scientifique trimestrielleSchool of Design, Student, Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Quartely By scientific review Student of the School of Architecture * Έτος ιρδύσεως έκδοσης1995 Α΄ τεύχους μ.Χ. University of Crete Technical Έτ�ςκαι ιδρύσεως µ.X. 1995 * 1. Introductory approach: Defining concept 87//2012 2017 Numb.the Tεύ��ς / Numéro / Issue 68 1.

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Const.

GE. ATHANASSOPOULOS cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. * cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more Eπιστηµ�νικ�ς Yπεύθυν�ς: Kαθηγητής Kωνστ. ΓE. AΘANAΣOΠOYΛOΣ Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from Responsable Scientifique: Professeur Const. GE. ATHANASSOPOULOS comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations ofResponsible: the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: Scientific Professor Const. GE. ATHANASSOPOULOS interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: In a sense, the phenomenon is due to *a trend of a new category of social groups Σύµ��υλ�ς to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieusΈκδ�σης for several reasons: high costs in money EΛΛHNIKO KENTPO AΠOKENTPΩΣHΣ, and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the AYTO∆IOIKHΣHΣ KAI ANAΠTY�HΣ termat comes from Sociologist RuthΠEPIΦEPEIAKHΣ GLASS, 1912-1940.

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WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

∆ιευθύνεται υπ� Συντακτικής Eπιτρ�πής εκ Kαθηγητών Πανεπιστηµί�υ και Eιδικών Eπιστηµ�νων. Σύστηµα Kριτών.

Dirigée par Comité de rédaction de Professeurs d’ Université et de Scientifiques Spécialisés Directed by Edition Board of University Professors and Specialized Scientists System of external evaluators * Tιµή τεύ��υς: 9 f Συνδρ�µές Φιλίας: 300 ∆ηµ�σίων Byετήσιες: Mr. George-Sp. C.fATHANASOPOULOS Yπηρεσιών, N.Π.∆. και I.∆., ∆ήµων, N�µαρ�ιακών Aυτ�δι�ικήσεων,Tραπε�ών, Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, Eταιρειών: 150 f Iδιωτών: f Φ�ιτητών: f

By Mr. 30 George-Sp. C. 15 ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect E�ωτερικ�ύ: US $ 100 Student of the School of Architecture Prix: 9 f Abonnements: Prix d’ ami: 300 f Services Publics, Personnes Morales de Technical University of Crete Droit Public ou Privé, Communes, Administrations Départementales, Banques, Sociétés: 150 f Individuels: 30 f Etudiants: 15 f 1. Introductory approach: Defining the Etranger: USconcept $ 100 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept Price: 9 f Subscriptions: Friendship: 300 f (444 Public Services, ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC - 370 BC, Athens), Legal Personswise of Public Private Law, Prefecture ANTISTHENIS, theorancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC Administrations, -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other heritage he left us,Communities, he established a great the Banks, Societies: 150 f Individuals: 30afgreat “principle”: the among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content of concepts.

Students: 15 f Abroad: US $ 100 acquisition of knowledge starts with the*indefinition the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term Υπεύθυνος Τυπογραφείου 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification (and Yπεύθυν�ς Tυπ�γρα�εί�υ ΕΚΤΥΠΩΣΕΙΣ ΘΕΟΔΩΡΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ ΔΗΜΗΤΡΗΣ 1 (and gentrification urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or EI∆IKH EK∆OTIKH A.E.E.B.E. Sociology as well), as the “refining” of Πλ. a city area, the removal from this, (in various Μάρνη 25, Βάθης, Αθήνα, Xαλκ�κ�νδύλη 35,Tηλε�.

Kέντρ�: (210) 5242177, (210) 5226641, FAX: (210) 5232409 Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social usuallyφαξ: of low-income thetheogi@otenet.gr placement there of artists, τηλ.:groups, 210.5234559, 2105203633,and email: *etc. However ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, “change”,there regardless of Tα δηµ�σιευ�µενα κείµενα απη��ύν τις απ�ψεις των Συντακτών τ�υς the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

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AYT. KAI ΠEP. AN. (and the whatever other consequences has, AΠOK.,TOΠ. results also rising of land prices potential relative speculation). * potential relative speculation).

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Bάσει τ�υ N.“squeezed”.

2121/1993 και των σ�ετικών καν�νων τ�υ ∆ιεθν�ύς ∆ικαί�υ απαbeing indirectly A description of this phenomenon is included in the work ofµεSociologist Ruth γ�ρεύεται η αναδηµ�σίευση ή η αναπαραγωγή (�λική ή µερική) �π�ι�ν δήπ�τε A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same whileτων similar in other major τρ�π� και µε �π�ι� δήπ�τε µέσ� κειµένων τ�υ παρ�ντ�ς, �ωρίς πρ�ηγ�ύµενη GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major έγγρα�η άδεια τ�υ εκδ�τ�υ. cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Toute reproduction un extraitResearchers. quelconque de scholars cette Revue, Since then, the issued’has several andpar forquelque its more procédé ce soit, et notamment par photocopie ou microfilm, est strictement Sinceque then, the issue has several scholars and for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized below, from the interdite. comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations ofthe thematerial phenomenon of gentrification, following:and may not The whole of appearing in this Review the is a copyright be interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: In a sense,in the phenomenon is due tothe a trend of a new category reproduced whole or in part without permission of the Editor. of social groups to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus * for several reasons: high costs in money and time to travel from the∆ιεύθυνση purlieus to/ Adresse downtown, where work place is, lack of the / Address term from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth GLASS for wasbetter born in Ίµ�ρ�υ 6, distributed 11257 Aθήναι, τηλ.: (210) 8647120, fax:centres, (210) 8658868 sense1.ofThe safety atcomes the residencies outside town search Berlin,IMVROY where she 6, made first studies.

In 1932 she published an important study entitled: GRher - 11257, ATHENES / ATHENS, teleph.: (210) 8647120, services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year left 8658868 Germany and after continuous movements for fax:she (210) lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, *phenomenon in According 1943 she published studies regarding city planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and http : //oflibrary.panteion.gr/pandemos • social Eλληνικά περι�δικά University College London, where she continued her research.

Her public action and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice.

See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. * and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCo depreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd.1106-91-71 London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: ISSN G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, Σελ./P. ConcernsTypes of Gentrification - Κωνστ. ΓΕ. ΑΘΑΝΑΣΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ / Const. GE. ATHANASOPOULOS: Τοις Εντευξομένοις ή Σχέσεις των Οργάνων της Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης και των Concerns Διοικήσεων των Κρατών Μελών……………...…..……………….…………………………………….

3 ΤΕΥΧΟΣ Ν. 87/2017 / ΠΕΡΙΕΧΟΜΕΝΑ/SOMMAIRE/CONTENTS

180

- P. MOSCOVISI: European Commissioner for Economic and Financial Affairs, Taxation and Customs. Speech at the National Kapodistrian University of

By Mr.and George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Athens, 15 February 2017………………………………………………………………………………….

Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, 7 - Sp. MAKRIDAKIS, R. M. HOGARTH, A. GABA: ForecastsC. Fail.

What to do Architect

By Mr.Why George-Sp. ATHANASSOPOULOS Instead …………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

13 Student of the School of Architecture - N. ΜΑΡΑΒΕΓΙΑΣ: Στρατηγικές για την αντιμετώπιση του Technical χρέους……………………….

21 University of Crete - Ι. ΔΡΑΓΩΝΑΣ: Τέχνες και Πολιτισμός στα Ιόνια Νησιά. Η προσφορά του ΤΕΙ 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept Ιονίων Νήσων…………………………………………………………………………………………………….

25 1.

Introductory approach: the for concept - Th. KALLIANOS / Θ.

30+… Steps Europe / 30+… γιαAthens), ANTISTHENIS,ΚΑΛΛΙΑΝΟΣ: the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, (444 BC Βήματα - 370 BC, την Ευρώπη..………………………………………………..……………………………………………………

ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the27 -acquisition Π. ΜΗΛΙΑΡΑΚΗΣ: Μακροσύστημα και ευρωσύστημα………………………………………..

32 among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the - acquisition Pr.Based, MAVRIDIS: Les Turcs dans l’ Union Européenne………………………………………… of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts. therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term33 - Η. KAVVADIA: Towards more financial stability and European integration: the 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification role of the European Investment Plan…………………………………………………………………

39 1 (and gentrification urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various - Sociology Γ. ΓΕΩΡΓΗΣ: Επεβλήθησαν οικονομικώς… Σχέσεις Κύπρου Κεφαλληνίας……….

57 as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and theremoval placement - ΠΡΑΚΤΙΚΑ ΗΜΕΡΙΔΑΣ: Αλληλεγγύη, το κοινωνικό έργο της Εκκλησίας……………..

66 ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. όλο However “change”, regardless of - Σ. ΞΕΝΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ: Από το μερικό ή τοπικό στο ή υπερτοπικό ή αντίστροφα the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.also However regardless whatever other has, results risingthis of “change”, land prices (and theof και οι μορφές του consequences δομημένου χώρου………………………………………………………………….

67 other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative speculation).

- whatever Διαχείριση Ανθρώπινων Πόρων……………………………………………………………………….

72 relative speculation). term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960sΟιand it refers to - potential Α.The ΛΥΤΡΑΣ: Η Απασχόληση και η Ανεργία στην Ελλάδα, 2009 - 2015.

The term gentrification iswealthy found first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend people to buy property in poor κοινωνικές συναρτήσεις τωνofαιτιών τηςatκρίσης…………………………………………………..

73 the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas - Ινστ. Τοπ. Αυτοδ. them, ΚΕΔΕ……………………………………………………………………………………

86 London, upgrade stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are - London, + Μ. ΓΚΙΟΚΑΣ: Εκσυγχρονισμός του Κράτους και επιχειρηματική being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”. δραστηριότητα………………………………………………………………………………………………….

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth87 A description ofperiod, this phenomenon included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth -GLASS Μ. ΠΑΠΑΓΙΑΝΝΗ: Διαχείριση Γνώσης στοisΠεριβάλλον Εργασίας………………………

89 at the same while similar situations in other major -cities Κέντρο Ερευνας Περιφερειακής Ανάπτυξης «Ιερώνυμος Δ. ΠΙΝΤΟΣ και GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major in Western countries, by other Researchers. Αναστασία Ιερ. ΠΙΝΤΟΥ»…………………………………………………………………………………… cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more98 - Ν. ΡΑΠΤΗ: Εκπιπτόμενες και μη εκπιπτόμενες επιχειρηματικές δαπάνες του Since then, the issue has several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized from ΚΦΕ Ν.

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99 comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: - interpretations Α. ΤΣΑΚΛΑΓΚΑΝΟΣ: ΕΛΕΓΚΤΙΚΗ………………………………………………………………………

108 the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups - G. - Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS: The Role of New Technologies in Design and to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money Construction………………………………………………………………………………………………………

109 and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the - MONEY SHOW………………………………………………………………………………………………….

113 termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, - Σπ. 1. ΒΛΙΑΜΟΣ: Επιχειρηματικότητα Τοπικών Δομών: Ενεργοποίηση Ενδογενούς Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly)for Δυναμικού…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements114 lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where - studies Στ. ΚΑΡΑΓΙΑΝΝΗΣ: Τοπικές Περιβάλλον, Τουρισμός……………………………….

119 and research Geneva,Δομές, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, in 1943 she published studies regarding city planning.

In 1950 she became teacher the According to another approach, the phenomenon is due to a systematic and - Β. ΔΕΛΗΘΕΟΥ: Πολιτικές Επιμόρφωσης Αιρετών Τοπικών Δομών……………………. in 126 University College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public action and -long-term Γ. ΓΕΩΡΓΗΣ: Ο Κυβερνήτης ΙΩΑΝΝΗΣ ΚΑΠΟΔΙΣΤΡΙΑΣ………………………………………

133 informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. - 10th Απ.selling ΓΚΟΤΣΙΑΣ: Κριτικάetc., σημειώματα: Σοφία ΓΙΑΛΠΑ - WIKIPEDIA: Διαχείριση Επενδυτικού and realCOLLINS estate, for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

The Free Encyclopedia: Κινδύνου: Μέτρα Κινδύνου και εφαρμογές…………………………………………………………

134 G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student,

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Student of the School of Architecture Technical University of Crete

1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept 1. Introductory approach: the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term (or gentrification (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof upgrade them,Εκδότης: stay themselves there and thus old residents are - London, Δευκαλίων ο Θεσσαλός. Θάνος Κ.sometimes ΑΘΑΝΑΣΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ ……………………….

136 being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”.

- Κων. ΓΕ. ΑΘΑΝΑΣΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ: Κριτικά σημειώματα: Σ. ΧΡΙΣΤΟΦΙΔΗΣ - Ruth A description of this phenomenon is includedΑνδρέας in the work of Sociologist A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth Ανεκπλήρωτες Λευκωσία 2009, σελ. 433………………………………………..

137 GLASS at the προσδοκίες. same while similar in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major -cities Γ. Δ. in ΜΑΡΤΖΕΛΟΣ: Βιβλιοκρισία: Βασίλειος ΦΩΤΙΑΔΗΣ Ομοιοπαθητική Ιατρική Western countries, by other Researchers. και Ορθόδοξη Παράδοση…..………………………………………………………………………………

141 cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more -comprehensive Στ. Since ΚΥΒΕΛΟΥ: Η θάλασσα, νέος ορίζοντας για την Ελλάδα;……………………………….

143 then, the issue has several below, scholars andthe for various its more approach arepreoccupied being summarized from - comprehensive Μ. ΚΟΥΤΣΟΦΤΑΣ: Προδικαστική παραπομπή………………………………………………….

151 approach are being summarized from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thebelow, following: - interpretations Β. ΔΕΛΗΘΕΟΥ: Κριτικά σημειώματα: Γεώργιος ΝΤΖΑΦΕΡΗΣ Αστικές Πολιτικές.

153 the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups - Γ. ΚΩΝΣΤΑΝΤΙΝΙΔΗΣ: Ευρασιατική - Ισλαμική Ένωση, όπως Ευρωπαϊκή to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money Ένωση; ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….......

156 and time to travel from the purlieus toσε downtown, where πρόσωπο……………… work place is, lack of the - Β. ΒΕΛΗ: Δαπάνες που καταβάλλονται φυσικό ή νομικό 159 termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, - Berlin, Ευγ.1.of - The Μαρ. Κ. ΑΘΑΝΑΣΟΠΟΥΛΟΥ: Πολιτιστικές δράσεις του Τ.Ε.Ι. Ιονίων Νήσων where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly)for 2010 - 2015……………………………………………………………………………………………………….

Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements163 lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private car access markets, etc.where - studies Κωνστ.and ΓΕ. research ΑΘΑΝΑΣΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ: ΔΙΟΙΚΗΤΙΚΟ ΔΙΚΑΙΟ………………………………………...

174 Geneva, Prague, London and Neweasier York she came to back to London, in 1943 she published studies regarding city planning.

In 1950 she became teacher the According to another approach, the phenomenon is due to a systematic and - Αρτ. ΣΑΒΒΙΔΟΥ: Νεώτερες Ρυθμίσεις επί Ποινικών Υποθέσεων εντός της Ε.Ε. Η in University College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public action and long-term by organized groups, brokers of buying περίπτωσηinformal του Ε.Ε.Σ.effort με ειδικότερη αναφορά στην manufacturers, Κύπρο…………………………………..

175 her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. - 10th Εκδότης, Επιστημονικός Υπεύθυνος…………………………………………………………………

178 and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: Περιεχόμενα……………………………………………………………………………………………………

180 G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a- Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

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