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Post ‘’BREXIT - ΣΧΕΔΙΟ’’: Πόσο ‘’OUT’’? GENTRIFICATION Definition, TypesΠόσο of‘’IN’’, Intervention, Η μακροχρόνια και πολύπλοκη διαδικασία αποχωρήσεως του Definition, Types ofΕυρωπαϊκή intervention, Ηνωμένου Βασιλείου την Ένωση Concerns ofαπό Gentrification Post "BREXIT-PLAN": How much "IN", how much "OUT"? Concerns The long and complex process of the United Kingdom’s withdrawal 1
from the European Union
By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS κ. Θεοδώρ. ΚΑΛΛΙΑΝΟΥ Harvard University, Του Graduate School ofΑ. Design, Student, By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Διδάκτ. Οικονομ. και Κοινων. Επιστημ. Πανεπιστημίου Αμβούργου Architect StudentΠτυχ. of theΟικ. School of Architecture Επιστ. Ε.Κ.Π.Α., Technical University of Crete Επισκ. Καθηγητού Ευρωπαϊκής Ολοκληρώσεως Παν/μίου Βόννης,
πρ. Στελέχους της Ε.Ε. 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept 1. Introductory approach: the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, [On 29 March 2017, the majority Government UK ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370ofBC,the Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the (Conservative, PM Theresa May) triggered the Article 50 of the Lisbon among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the acquisition of knowledge starts withAfter theindefinition the content ofthis concepts. Treaty to therefore, withdraw from the EU. positive response to request Based, on this “principle” aa first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 (and urban therefore, on this “principle” inindicated a first, if (in notstarted final, approach, the term fromBased, the European Council, a negotiation period between EU27 gentrification) is the area of Planning) (or gentrification gentrification urban isarea, indicated (in the areaathis, of Planning) (or and the UK. At1 (and theasend of gentrification) this period, Mid. November 2018, BREXIT draft Sociology as well), the “refining” of a city the removal from (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usuallyfrom of low-income placement there ofMichel artists, agreement was proposed the EU and 27 the (Chief Coordinator ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement of artists, the operation art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”,there regardless of BARNIER) toofanother UK Government (Conservative supported by the DUP the operation ofconsequences art galleries, etc.also However this “change”, regardless whatever other has, results rising ofarticle land prices (and the theof party of Northern Ireland, restaurants, PM Theresa May). This describes whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential process relative and developments during this period and looks at a “new copotential relative speculation). The termpartnership” gentrification is found at first the was UK in early 1960s and of it refers to operation post-BREXIT asinthis main target the UK The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UKthe in early 1960s and itareas refers the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor ofto Government following the Referendum of June 2016. the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old residents areof It seems that after a period of more than years the old final status of London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimestwo there and thus residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. the relations EU-UK beyond 29/3/2019 is not clear neither for the UK being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth Government, for thephenomenon lawmakers of the House of while A description of this is situations included inwere theCommons work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the nor same period, while similar recorded in otherpeople major initiatives, politicians and media advocate for ex macina alternatives like “a GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. new referendum”, extention of art 50 (!) or Brexit with “no-deal”. The Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more Since then, the issue has several scholars andthe for various its more result sofar is a rise of economic uncertainty about below, the future.] comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized from comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various Η πρόταση/σχὲδιο συμφωνίας (draft Withdrawal ή interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following:Agreement interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new category of social groups BREXIT deal), για την οριστική αποχώρηση του Ηνωμένου Βασιλείου (ΗΒ) to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for ανακοινώθηκε several reasons: high costs inτην money από την Ευρωπαϊκή Ένωση (ΕΕ 28), επίσημα 14 and time to travel fromαπό the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lackMichel of the Νοεμβρίου 2018, τον ‘’Επικεφαλής Διαπραγματευτή’’ 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for born in sense safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, better BARNIER, εκ μέρους των 27 υπολοίπων Κρατών Μελών βάσει τουwas άρθρου Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart the city”,movements (possibly) 50 τηςUnemployment. Συνθήκης της Λισαβόνας, όπου ορίζεται η of διαδικασία για τηνfor Youth The same year she left Germany and after continuous lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London New York she came back toεφόσον London, αποχώρηση κράτους μέλους από τηνandΕυρωπαϊκή Ένωση, το in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying 1 are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. her work Βλ. επὶσης σχετικό άρθρο τουdepreciation Ιδίου στο τεύχος 90/2017 της Επιθ. Αποκ. Τοπ. Αυτ. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for the initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Co Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: και Περιφ. Αναπτ.: Θ.Α.ΚΑΛΛΙΑΝΟΥ: "ΕΕ: ανακάμπτοντας από την οικονομική κρίση και η G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually αντίστροφη μέτρηση του BREXIT", Epitheorisi-athanasopoulos.webnode.gr
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
επιθυμεί. Το άρθρο ενεργοποιήθηκε για πρώτη φορά την 29 Μαρτίου 2017 από το ΗΒ, ως αποτέλεσμα του «οριακού» (51,9% πρὸς 48,1) δημοψηφίσματος της 23ης Ιουνίου 2016. Το κείμενο της πρότασης ήταν αποτέλεσμα προηγούμενων συζητήσεων, επαφών και διαπραγματεύσεων, σε ‘’αχαρτογράφητα ύδατα’’, εφόσον δεν υπήρξε προηγούμενο στην Ιστορία της ΕΕ. Ουδέποτε δηλαδή είχε συζητηθεί, με βάση τις Συνθήκες, η δυνατότητα By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS αποχωρήσεως από μιαHarvard εθελούσια ένωση κρατών, η οποία διευρύνετο University, Graduate School of Design, Student, By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS συνεχώς. Architect Student of theενιαίο Schoolκείμενο of Architecture Το σχέδιο αυτό (BREXIT deal) περιελάβανε ένα 585 Technical University of Crete σελίδων, 3 πρωτόκολλα και πολλά παραρτήματα. Τα πρωτόκολλα αφορούν στις ιδιαίτερες περιπτώσεις συνόρων», δηλαδή 1. Introductory approach: Defining the«διευθετήσεως concept μεταξύ Δημοκρατίας της Ιρλανδίας και Β. Ιρλανδίας, Βασιλείου της 1. Introductory approach: the concept (444 BC - 370 ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, BC, Athens), Ισπανίας και wise Γιβραλτάρ καιheτέλος, Δημοκρατίας της καιBC, Ηνωμένου ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 Athens), among other heritage left us, he established aΚύπρου great the Βασιλείου. (Στρατιωτικές Βάσεις Δεκέλειας και Αγίου Ευστρατίου). among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the Υπάρχει, τέλος, στα παραρτήματα μια ifπρώτη προσέγγιση γιαterm τις acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition of the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, not final, approach, the 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” inindicated aμετὰ first,την if (in not final, approach, the term μελλοντικές σχέσεις του ΗΒ με την ΕΕ «οριστική (and urban gentrification) is the area ofαποχώρηση» Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification του ΗΒ, asγεγονός, που προβλέπεται βάσει υπάρχοντος Sociology well), as the “refining” of a city area, the του removal from this, (inσχεδίου various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement (BREXIT deal) πέραν του 2021. ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of the operation of artdeal galleries, restaurants, etc.το However this “change”, regardless of Το BREXIT υιοθετήθηκε από Υπουργικό Συμβούλιο τουartists, ΗΒ, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever consequences has, results also rising of Εν landσυνεχεία prices (and εν μέσω other διαφωνιών και Υπουργικών παραιτήσεων. και the ενof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative μέσω αμφίπλευρου κλίματος δυσπιστίας, (ο Πρωθυπουργός του potential relative speculation). The termτης gentrification found at first the UK in early and it refers to Βασιλείου Ισπανίας is εκφράζει ήδη in επιφυλάξεις για 1960s την «διευθέτηση» The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor του βρετανικού Γιβραλτάρ επι ισπανικού ο Πρόεδρος τουof the then observed trend wealthy people toεδάφους), buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are Ευρωπαϊκού Συμβουλίου Donald TUSK κάλεσε έκτακτη London, upgrade them, stay(ΕΣ) themselves sometimes there and thus oldσυνάντηση residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. κορυφής της ΕΕ 27 μe την Πρωθυπουργό του ΗΒ Theresa MAY, στις being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth Βρυξέλλες, την 25 Νοεμβρίου ΕΣ of των Κρατών A description ofperiod, this phenomenon isπροκειμένου included inwere theτο work Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while 2018, similar situations recorded in27 other major 2. in other major Μελών να αποφασίσει επί του τελικού πλέον ‘’BREXIT deal’’ GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Σκοπός του άρθρου αυτού, είναιseveral να περιγράψει και, το Since then, the issue has scholars and forκατά its more Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more δυνατόν, να αναλύσει, τις τάσεις σε πολιτικό και οικονομικό που comprehensive approach are being summarized below, fromεπίπεδο, the various comprehensive approach are being summarized from the various συνόδευσαν και συνοδεύουν την πολύπλοκη και χρονοβόρα αυτή interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thebelow, following: interpretations of the phenomenon of thecategory following: In a sense, the phenomenon togentrification, a trend of a new social groups πρωτόγνωρη διαδικασία για isταdue Ευρωπαϊκά Όργανα και τουςofΕυρωπαίους. to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money Τέλος, αποσκοπεί στο να δείξει τις διαφαινόμενες μελλοντικές σχέσεις και and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, work πολλαπλές επιπτώσεις της αποχωρήσεως του where ΗΒ από τηνplace ΕΕ. is, lack of the The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.of safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Υπενθυμίζεται, ότι το Συμβούλιο της ΕΕ1912-1940. 27 είχε εγκαίρως ορίσει τον Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of BARNIER health, education, entertainment “at the heartυπό of the (possibly) κ.Youth Michel ως same «επίσημο διαπραγματευτή» τηνcity”, ιδιότητα τουfor Unemployment. The year she left Germany and after continuous movements lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private easier access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car New York she came to back to London, επικεφαλής της Υπηρεσίας Task Force Art.50, που δημιούργησε η in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, ofaction buying 2 her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. Βλ.Press statement byfor Michel Barnier (Article 50), Brussels 19ofNovember 2018 and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., theCodepreciation initially of part the urban web,και in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: https://ec.europa.eu/commission/sites/beta-political/files/the_withdrawal_agreement G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually
10
_explained.pdf
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
Ευρωπαϊκή Επιτροπή. Ανάλογο ρόλο εκ μέρους του Ευρωπαϊκού Κοινοβουλίου ανέλαβε ο Πρόεδρος των Φιλελευθέρων (ALDE) κ. G. VERHOFSTADT. Μετά την επίσημη κατάθεση της 29/3/2017 εκ μέρους της Κυβερνήσεως του ΗΒ3, της πρόθεσης για αποχώρησή του από την ΕΕ οι πολιτικές διαδικασίες ήταν σαφείς σε γενικό πλαίσιο βάσει των «κατευθύνσεων του Ευρωπαϊκού By Συμβουλίου». ΤαC. δύο Μέρη έπρεπε να Mr. George-Sp. ATHANASOPOULOS ολοκληρώσουν την «διαπραγμάτευσή τους» μέχριSchool την 29/3/2019 και να Harvard University, Graduate of Design, Student, By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS επιτύχουν: Architect the School of Ιρλανδίας Architecture α) Μια Συμφωνία Αποχωρήσεως τουStudent ΗΒ καιofτης Βόρειας Technical University of Crete από την ΕΕ (συντεταγμένη αποχώρηση) και την Ευρωπαϊκή Κοινότητα Ατομικής Ενέργειας, και 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept β) Το πλαίσιο μιας μελλοντικής Συμφωνίας για μια «βαθύτερη σχέση 1. Introductory approach: the concept (444 ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, BC - 370 BC, Athens), συνεργασίας» μεταξύ των δύο Μερών δηλαδή, της (444 ΕΕ και ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BCΗΒ. -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the Χαρακτηριστικό είναι, ότι το κλίμα, που επικράτησε στο ΗΒ ήταν το among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. σχεδόν ‘’Brexit is“principle” Brexit’’, τουλάχιστον σεcontent πολιτικό επίπεδο. acquisition of knowledge starts with thein definition the of concepts. Based,δόγμα therefore, on this a first, if of not final, approach, the term 1η(and Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term Ταυτόχρονα εντύπωση που εδίδετοis στο Βρετανικό Κοινοβούλιο (House urban gentrification) indicated area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or ofgentrification Commons) ήταν τις διαπραγματεύσεις θα τις «υπαγόρευε» η Sociology as well), as theότι “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social usually of low-income there of artists, Επιστολή τηςgroups, Πρωθυπουργού T. MAY and και the όχιplacement οι κατευθύνσεις του ways), of social groups, usually of27, low-income and ανακοινώθηκαν thethis placement of artists, the operation ofΣυμβουλίου art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”,there regardless of Ευρωπαϊκού των όπως αυτές εγκαίρως, the operation of art2017. galleries, etc.του However this regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of “change”, land prices (and theof τον Απρίλιο του Η restaurants, Κυβέρνηση ΗΒ δημιούργησε και όρισε whatever otherspeculation). has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative περαιτέρω ένανconsequences State Secretary for the Exit from the EU, επίσημο potential relative speculation). The term gentrification found at first in the UK in early to εκπρόσωπό της για τις isδιαπραγματεύσεις με την ΕΕ 1960s των and 27, itο refers οποίος The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor αντεκατεστὰθη τρείς φορές wealthy (!) έως σήμερα. (David Davis from 13/7/17 to the then observed trend people to buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof 8/7/18, Dominique Raab from 9/7/18 to 15/11/18, Barcklay London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and Stephen thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. from 16/11/18 in function). Πρέπει να σημειωθεί εδώ η αδυναμία επίσης being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth του AΣυντηρητικού Κόμματος να isσυγχρονίσει ταrecorded μέλη του μεmajor την description ofperiod, this phenomenon included inwere the work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar situations in other κυβερνητική στρατηγική, λόγω κυρίως των εμποδίων και συνεχών GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. αντιρρήσεων καιhas διενέξεων μεταξύ μελών της Κυβερνήσεως, της Since then, ακόμα the issue several scholars and for its more Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more ισχυρής κομματικής ομάδας ERG (European Research Group) του comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from theκαι various comprehensive approach are being summarized below, the various κυβερνητικού εταίρου DUP (Democratic Unionistthe Party) τηςfrom Β. Ιρλανδίας. interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, following: interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In aΤο sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend a new groups κύριο σημείο της διαφωνίας ήταν,of μεταξύ άλλων,ofηsocial συνοριακή to “return” to the the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money διευθέτηση με city, την leaving Ιρλανδία μετὰ την οριστική αποχώρηση του ΗΒ and time to travel the purlieus downtown, where work place lack of the προκειμένου να from εξασφαλισθεί η to απρόσκοπτη λειτουργία της is, εσωτερικής 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense safety the distributed residencies town centres, αγοράς μεταξύ των 27 Κρατών της ΕΕ. outside Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of επίσημη health, education, entertainment “at the heartΕπιτροπή of the city”,με(possibly) ανακοίνωση Ευρωπαϊκή τίτλο:for YouthΣε Unemployment. The same year she η left Germany and after continuous movements lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, studies and research Prague, London and Ηνωμένου New York she came back to London, where Προετοιμασία γιαin Geneva, την αποχώρηση του Βασιλείου απόetc.την in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying 3 her work are characterized by a passion for justice. του See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. Προηγήθηκε τηςetc., κατάθεσης ηdepreciation παραίτηση Sir Ivan έμπειρου Βρετανού and selling realCOLLINS estate, for theCo initially ofROGER, part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: Διπλωμάτη, επικεφαλής της Μόνιμης Αντιπροσωπείας του Ηνωμένου Βασιλείου και G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually Βόρειας Ιρλανδίας στις Βρυξέλλες.
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
Ευρωπαϊκή Ένωση της 30ής Μαρτίου 2019: σχέδιο δράσης έκτακτης ανάγκης, (COM 2018/880 final) διαπὶστωνε: «Από τον Μάιο 2017, η ΕΕ και το Ηνωμένο Βασίλειο διαπραγματεύονται μια συμφωνία αποχώρησης. Πρόοδος επιτεύχθηκε σε επίπεδο διαπραγματευτών όσον αφορά στο νομικό κείμενο, καθώς και σχετικά με τις ρυθμίσεις για τη μεταβατική περίοδο μέχρι την 31 Δεκεμβρίου 2020, και τα αποτελέσματα ανακοινώθηκαν την 19 Μαρτίου By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS 2018. Την 19 Ιουνίου 2018, περαιτέρω κοινή Harvardαναφέρθηκε University, Graduate Schoolπρόοδος of Design,σεStudent, Mr. George-Sp. ATHANASSOPOULOS δήλωση των διαπραγματευτών Byτης Επιτροπής C.και του Ηνωμένου Architect Student of the School of Architecture Βασιλείου4. University Την 17 Οκτωβρίου 2018, το Ευρωπαϊκό Technical Συμβούλιο (άρθροof Crete 50) κάλεσε την Επιτροπή ως διαπραγματευτή της Ένωσης, να συνεχίσει τις 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept προσπάθειές της για την επίτευξη συμφωνίας με βάση τις κατευθυντήριες 1. Introductory approach: the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, γραμμές του Ευρωπαϊκού Συμβουλίου, που έχουν(444 ήδη συμφωνηθεί. Οιthe εν ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great λόγω διαπραγματεύσεις συνεχίζονται και η Επιτροπή ως among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the διαπραγματευτής της Ένωσης παραμένει στην επίτευξη acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first,προσηλωμένη if of not final, approach, the term 1 Based, therefore, onεύτακτη this “principle” inindicated a first,Παρά if (in notthe final, approach, theέχει term συμφωνίας για αποχώρηση. το γεγονός, ότι (andμια urban gentrification) is area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification επιτευχθεί πρόοδος σε πολλούς τομείς, και παράfrom τιςthis, σημαντικές Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this,ορισμένα (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement of προσπάθειες και τις εντατικές διαπραγματεύσεις, παραμένουν ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.συμφωνίας However thisμε “change”, regardless of σημεία διαφωνίας. Επιπλέον, η επίτευξη την Κυβέρνηση του the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever consequences has, results alsoότι rising land prices (and the Ηνωμένουother Βασιλείου δεν αποτελεί εγγύηση το of Ηνωμένο Βασίλειο θαof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative επικυρώσει τη συμφωνία αποχώρησης μέχρι την 29 Μαρτίου 2019. potential relative speculation). TheΗterm gentrification is found at first in the UK in early and it refers to Ευρωπαϊκή Επιτροπή αποφάσισε, τέλος, την1960s 18/2/2019 «να The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor εντείνει τις δραστηριότητες ενημέρωσης επιχειρήσεων ΕΕareas στονof the then observed trend wealthy peopleτων to there buy property inτης poor London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes and thus old residents are τομέα των τελωνείων έμμεσηςsometimes φορολογίας, ο ΦΠΑ, λόγω του London, upgrade them,και stayτης themselves thereόπως and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. διαφαινόμενου κινδύνου να αποχωρήσει το Ηνωμένο Βασίλειο από την ΕΕ being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth την A 30description Μαρτίου του τρέχοντος συμφωνία». ofperiod, this phenomenon isχωρίς included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while έτους similar situations in other major Η εκστρατεία αυτή θα συμβάλει στην ενημέρωση των επιχειρήσεων GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other τις Researchers. που επιθυμούν ναissue συνεχίσουν εμπορικές συναλλαγές το Since then, the has several τους scholars and for itsμε more Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more Ηνωμένο Βασίλειο μετά την 30 Μαρτίου, σχετικά με from το τι the πρέπει να comprehensive approach are being summarized below, various comprehensive approach areμια being summarized below, from the various κάνουν για ναofεξασφαλίσουν το δυνατόν ομαλή μετάβαση. Η interpretations the phenomenon ofόσο gentrification, theπιο following: interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon dueof togentrification, a trend a new of social groups προετοιμασία ενόψει της isαλλαγής του ofκαθεστώτος του Ηνωμένου to “return” to city,χώρα leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money Βασιλείου σεthe τρίτη πρέπει να συνεχισθεί. and time to travel the purlieus toαυτής downtown, work place is, lack ofτην the Στόχος τηςfrom πρωτοβουλίας είναιwhere να ευαισθητοποιήσει 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, επιχειρηματική κοινότητα της ΕΕ, και ιδίως τις μικρές και μεσαίες Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, entertainment “at heart of the city”, (possibly) επιχειρήσεις. Για education, ναThe προετοιμαστούν έναthe σενάριο χωρίςfor Youth Unemployment. same year she leftγια Germany and after «αποχώρησης continuous movements lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New Yorkτους she came back to London, συμφωνία» και να συνεχίσουν τις εμπορικές συναλλαγές με το in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and Ηνωμένο Βασίλειο, οι εν where λόγωshe επιχειρήσεις θα πρέπει να προετοιμαστούν University informal College of London, continued her social research. Her public and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers ofaction buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually 4
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Βλὲπε Ευρωπαϊκή Επιτροπή - Δελτίο Τύπου της 18/2/2019.
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
κατάλληλα για οποιαδήποτε κατάσταση προκύψει μετά την 29 Μαρτίου 2019. Όπως υπογραμμίστηκε στην πρώτη ανακοίνωση της Επιτροπής της 19ης Ιουλίου 2018 σχετικά με την προετοιμασία για το Brexit, ανεξάρτητα από το προβλεπόμενο σενάριο, η επιλογή του Ηνωμένου Βασιλείου να αποχωρήσει από την Ευρωπαϊκή Ένωση θα προκαλέσει σημαντικές αναταράξεις. By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Τα ενδιαφερόμεναHarvard Μέρη, καθώς καιGraduate οι εθνικές και ενωσιακές Αρχές, University, School of Design, Student, Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS πρέπει να προετοιμαστούν για δύοBy πιθανά βασικά σενάρια: Architect Student of the of Architecture Αν η συμφωνία αποχώρησης κυρωθεί πριν απόSchool την 30 Μαρτίου Technical University of Crete 2019, το Δίκαιο της ΕΕ θα παύσει να ισχύει ως προς το Ηνωμένο Βασίλειο και1. Introductory εντός αυτούapproach: από την 1η Ιανουαρίου Defining the concept 2021, δηλαδή μετά από μεταβατική περίοδο 21 μηνών. Η συμφωνία αποχώρησης περιλαμβάνει τη 1. Introductory approach: the concept ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), δυνατότητα μιας heritage μόνο παράτασης της μεταβατικής περιόδου τοAthens), πολύ ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, among other wise he left us, he established a great the κατά ένα ή δύο έτη. among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the Ανtherefore, ηof knowledge συμφωνία αποχώρησης πριν από τηνterm 30 acquisition starts with theindefinition the content of concepts. Based, on this “principle” aδεν first, κυρωθεί if of not final, approach, the 1 Based,2019, therefore, on υπάρξει this “principle” inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the της term Μαρτίου δενurban θα μεταβατική περίοδος και η νομοθεσία (and gentrification) is area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification ΕΕ θα παύσει να ισχύει ως προς το Βασίλειο και εντός από Sociology as well), as the “refining” of aΗνωμένο city area, the removal from this,αυτού (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement την 30ofΜαρτίου 2019. ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of the operation art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of Ύστεραofαπό εκκλήσεις του Ευρωπαϊκού Συμβουλίου (άρθρο 50)artists, του the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other has, results rising of land prices (and theof και consequences Δεκεμβρίου 2018 για τηνalso εντατικοποίηση των εργασιών Νοεμβρίου whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative ετοιμότητας σε όλα τα επίπεδα, η Επιτροπή ενέκρινε, την 19 Δεκεμβρίου potential relative speculation). The σχέδιο term gentrification is found at first in the in early νομοθετικά 1960s and it refers to δράσης έκτακτης ανάγκης καιUK διάφορα μέτρα, 2018, The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor μεταξύ άλλων καιtrend στον wealthy τομέα των τελωνείων. Τούτοin έπεται τωνof the then observed people to there buy property poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes and thus old residents are και τον προηγούμενων ανακοινώσεων που δημοσιεύτηκαν Νοέμβριο London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes thereτον and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. Ιούλιο 2018. being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth δράση των Κρατών Μελών είναι, επίσης, ουσιαστικής σημασίας. Οι AΗ description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major εθνικές αρχές διαδραματίζουν καίριο ρόλο στην παρακολούθηση και την GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other του Researchers. καθοδήγηση προετοιμασιών τομέα. Σ' αυτή τη βάση, η Επιτροπή Since then,των the issue has several scholars and for its more Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and forτόσο its more διεξήγαγε τεχνικές συζητήσεις με τα summarized Κράτη Μέλη της ΕΕ των για comprehensive approach are being below, from27, the various comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various γενικά θέματαofετοιμότητας όσοofκαι για τομεακά, νομικά και διοικητικά interpretations the phenomenon gentrification, the following: interpretations theΕπίσης, phenomenon the following: In a ετοιμότητας. sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new category of social groups μέτρα ξεκίνησαν επισκέψεις στα 27 Κράτη Μέλη της to to the city, the purlieus forοseveral reasons: high costsέκτακτης in money ΕΕ“return” προκειμένου ναleaving διασφαλιστεί, ότι εθνικός σχεδιασμός and time to travel from purlieus downtown, where work place is, lackτυχόν of the ανάγκης βρίσκεται σεthe καλό δρόμοtoκαι να διευκρινιστούν, εν ανάγκη, 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter sense safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, ερωτήσεις σχετικά με τη διαδικασία ετοιμότητάς τους. Φαίνεται, όμωςborn ότιin Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of theτου city”,movements (possibly) σε πολλά Κράτη Μέλη όπως καιGermany στο ΗΒ αυτού είδους ηfor Youth Unemployment. The same year she left and after continuous lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc.where studies and research και in Geneva, Prague, London andακόμη New Yorkσε sheπολύ came back to London, παρακολούθηση καθοδήγηση είναι χαμηλό βαθμό in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and ετοιμότητας λίγες μόνο ημέρες πριν από την συμπλήρωση των δύο ετών University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, ofaction buying herτην workαποχώρηση are characterized byΗΒ a passion justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. για του όπωςfor προβλέπεται. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns Το άμεσο μέλλον προβλέπεται να επιφέρει
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σοβαρές εκπλήξεις ιδίως στις συνεδριάσεις του Βρετανικού Κοινοβουλίου στα μέσα Μαρτίου 2019, By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS γεγονός που θα επηρεάσει, την Graduate άποψή μου, Harvardκατά University, School of Design, Student, By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS περαιτέρω δυσμενώς τις οικονομικές εξελίξεις. «Οι Architect Student of the School of Architecture καιροί ου μενετοὶ» για την λὺση του αδιεξόδου και Technical University of Crete της πρωτόγνωρης δοκιμασίας που υφίσταται ήδη η ευρωπαϊκή ολοκλήρωση, ως αποτέλεσμα 1. Introductory approach: Defining the conceptκυρὶως λαϊκιστικών, ρητορικών, ανεύθυνων πολιτικών. 1. Introductory approach: the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, Η διαφορετικότητα της λειτουργίας του ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the βρετανικού κοινοβουλίου δημιούργησε για πρώτη among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the φορά σεtherefore, ευρεία κλίμακα στην Ευρώπη, την αίσθηση acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts. Based, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 therefore, on this “principle” inindicated a first,εθνικών if (in notthe final, approach, the term τηςBased, έντονης αντιπαλότητας μεταξύis των (and urban gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification στόχων as well), των Οιarea, πρόσφατες Sociology asΚρατών-Μελών. the “refining” of a city the removal from this, (in various Sociology asαντιπαραθέσεις well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement πολιτικές «εκπροσώπων του λαού» ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of που επικαλούνται ακόμη και διχαστικά the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other του consequences has,αφύπνισαν results alsoεκείνους rising of land prices (and theof επιχειρήματα μεσοπολέμου whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative που αναγνωρίζουν τα θετικά επιτεύγματα της ΕΕ. potential relative speculation). Theπρώτη term gentrification found at first UK in early 1960s and it refers to Για φορά, στοis σύνολό της inηthe Ευρωπαϊκή The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor οικονομία π.χ. έχειtrend το χαμηλότερο the then observed wealthyποσοστό people toανεργίας buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof από ποτέ. Η συναίνεση καιthemselves η αλληλεγγύη σε κρίσιμες London, upgrade them, stay sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. στιγμές δοκιμασίας, παρά τις όποιες ελλείψεις, being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth έδειξε ότι λειτουργεί. A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major Άρα, όσο και να γίνει «άλλος», το Ηνωμένο GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western by other Researchers. Βασίλειο και the ηcountries, Βόρεια Ιρλανδία, οι σχέσεις η Since then, issue has preoccupied severalκαι scholars and for its more Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars andthe for various its more δικτύωση, καθώς και οare κοινός comprehensive approach beingπροσανατολισμός summarized below, from comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various μεταξύ Βρετανών και υπολοίπων Ευρωπαίωνthe στο interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, following: interpretations the phenomenon gentrification, the following: In a sense, theof phenomenon isθα dueof to a trend of a new category of social groups κοινό αξιακό σύστημα επικρατήσει των toδιχαστικών “return” to the city, leaving purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money σειρήνων του the BREXIT. and timeΣτη to travel from the purlieus to work place is, lack of the σημερινή Ευρώπη, η downtown, πρόταξη where στενών 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. GLASS for wasbetter born in sense safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, πολιτικοκομματικών συμφερόντων πάνω από το Ruth search Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heartηof the city”, (possibly) κοινόUnemployment. οικονομικό συμφέρον, που δημιούργησε Youth The same year sheήδη left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came to back to London, πιο ισχυρή αγορά του κόσμου, είναι μάταιος κόπος. in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and ΦαίνεταιCollege όμως,of ότι κάτιwhere τέτοιο έχει γίνει ακόμη University London, she δεν continued her social research. brokers Her public and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, ofaction buying her work are characterized by aμόνο passion for Ηνωμένο justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. αντιληπτό και αυτό όχι στο Βασίλειο and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: αλλά και σε άλλα κράτη. G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually
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