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Definition, Types of Intervention, Κίνα - GENTRIFICATION Η.Π.Α.: Νέος Ψυχρός Πόλεμος ή of intervention, Definition, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification υποχρεωτική συμβίωση; Concerns By Mr. George-Sp. ATHANASOPOULOS Του κ.C. Παν. ΣΚΑΛΤΣΟΥΝΗ Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Τα τελευταία χρόνια η Κίνα έχει αυξήσει σημαντικά τις Student of the School of Architecture στρατιωτικές της δαπάνες ενώ παράλληλα πραγματοποιεί καιof Crete μια Technical University
προσπάθεια εκσυγχρονισμού του τεράστιου πλην απαρχαιωμένου 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept στρατού που διαθέτει, ο οποίος αριθμεί περί τα 2.285.000 άτομα με μία 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, πρόσθετη δυνατότητα 2.300.000 εφέδρων. Σύμφωνα με το Διεθνές ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the Ινστιτούτο Μελετών για την Ειρήνη της Στοκχόλμης (SIPRI), το έτος among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. 2016 οι αμυντικές δαπάνες της αυξήθηκαν κατά 7%,ofσε σχέση με acquisition of knowledge starts withΚίνας theindefinition the content concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term τις αντίστοιχες του προηγούμενου προσεγγίζοντας το ποσό 1 (and Based, therefore, on this “principle”έτους, inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, theτων term urban gentrification) is area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 225 δις δολαρίων, ενώ το 2017 οι αμυντικές δαπάνες της χώρας gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal (in various αυξηθηκαν εκ νέου κατά 7%. Εδώ και αρκετά χρόνια η Κίνα βρίσκεται Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of στη social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement of artists, σταθερά θέση αμυντικών παγκοσμίως μένοντας the operation ofδεύτερη art galleries, restaurants, etc. δαπανών However “change”,there regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other has, results alsoμείωσαν rising ofσημαντικά land pricesτις (and theof πίσω μόνο απόconsequences τις Η.Π.Α. οι οποίες, παρότι δικές whatever otherspeculation). consequences has,την results also rising of land1 prices (and the potential relative παραμένουν τους αμυντικές δαπάνες κατά εξαετία 2011-2016, potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at firstπαγκοσμίως, in the UK in earlyδαπανώντας 1960s and it refers to σταθερά στην πρώτη θέση 610 The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor δισεκατομμύρια δολάριαπερίπου 2016προκειμένου να the then observed trend wealthyτο people to there buy property in ενισχύσουν poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes and thus old residents areof 2 τις στρατιωτικέςτους δυνάμεις. London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. Οι αυξήσεις κινεζικέςis included αυτές in δαπάνες, στις οποίεςRuth το being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of thisστις phenomenon the work of Sociologist ινστιτούτο μισθοδοσίες τωνofστελεχών των A description ofσυμπεριλαμβάνει this phenomenon isτις included inwere the recorded work Sociologist Ruth GLASS at theSIPRI same period, while similar situations in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major ενόπλων δυνάμεων, ταby επιχειρησιακά τους κόστη, τις αγορές όπλων cities in Western countries, other Researchers. cities in Western countries, by other Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and forοπλικών its more και εξοπλισμού καθώς και τηνResearchers. έρευνα και την ανάπτυξη Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various συστημάτων επιβεβαιώνουν την πρόθεση της Κίνας να ενδυναμώσει comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of theτης phenomenon of gentrification, the following: τις στρατιωτικές ικανότητες. Παράληλλα,δηλώσεις όπως αυτή του interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money 1 Η μείωση αμυντικών δαπανών των Η.Π.Α. where οφείλεται σε place μεγάλο and time to travelτων from the purlieus to downtown, work is,βαθμό lack ofστην the αποχώρηση της πλειοψηφίας των αμερικανικών δυνάμεων από το Ιράκ το 2011. Ωστόσο, 1. The term comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth GLASS was born in sense of safety at the distributed residencies outside town centres, search for better she made her first studies. In 1932 published entitled: ηBerlin, εκλογήwhere του Donald Trump στην προεδρία τωνshe Η.Π.Α. την study αύξηση των services of health, education, entertainment “at the σηματοδότησε heartan ofimportant the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for αμυντικών δαπανών. Χαρακτηριστικό είναι το γεγονός ότι τον Σεπτέμβριο του 2017 το lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, Κογκρέσο ενέκρινε νομοσχέδιο βάσει the του οποίου ο In αμυντικός προυπολογισμός της in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, is due a systematic and University College να of London, where sheδολάρια. continued her social research. brokers Her public action and χώρας αναμένεται αγγίξειby τα 700δις long-term informal effort organized groups, manufacturers, of buying 2 her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. https://www.statista.com/statistics/272473/us-military-spending-from-2000-toand selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: 2012/[accessed 10/10/2017] G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
προέδρου της χώρας, Σι Τζινπίνγκ, κατά τη διάρκεια του διήμερου συνέδριου του Λαϊκού Απελευθερωτικού Στρατού πριν μερικά χρόνια, στην οποία τόνισε «την ανάγκη να εκσυγχρονιστεί η στρατιωτική μηχανή της Κίνας με καινοτόμα και πρακτικά νέα όπλα που θα συμπληρώνουν τα αδύνατα σημεία του υπάρχοντος πολεμικού εξοπλισμού της χώρας», αντανακλούν τη θέση της Κίνας όσον αφορά By Mr.στρατιωτικών George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS στο ζήτημα της ενίσχυσης των της δυνάμεων.3 Harvard University, Graduateτο School of Design, Student, Επιπλέον, όπως αναφέρθηκε παραπάνω, Πεκίνο έχει ήδη By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect ανακοινώσει ότι για το έτος 2017ο στρατιωτικός προϋπολογισμός της Student of the School of Architecture χώρας θα αυξηθεί εκ νέου, αυτή τη φορά κατά 7%, University προκαλώντας Technical of Crete έντονη ανησυχία σε γειτονικά κράτη όπως η Ιαπωνία, η Ταϊβάν, το 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept Βιετνάμ και οι Φιλιππίνες, με τα οποία η Κίνα έχει εδαφικές διαφορές 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, σχετικά με ορισμένες διαφιλονικούμενες νήσους στην ανατολική και ANTISTHENIS, the 4ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the αυτές της Κίνας, νότια Σινική Θάλασσα. Όμως, παρά τις προσπάθειες among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. οιacquisition Η.Π.Α., αν έχουν starts μειώσει τις αμυντικές τους δαπάνες of και knowledge withσημαντικά theindefinition the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term τα Based, τελευταία χρόνια, διαθέτουν έναν πολύ πιο προηγμένο 1 (and therefore, on this “principle” is in a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the και term urban gentrification) indicated area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 εκπαιδευμένο στρατό, ξοδεύοντας για την ενίσχυση του σχεδόν τα gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal (in various τριπλάσια χρήματα σε σχέση με την Κίνα. Ωστόσο, είναι πλέον γεγονός Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement there of artists, πως ανάμεσα στις δύο μεγαλύτερες του κόσμου αυτήν τη the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.δυνάμεις However “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever consequences results also rising of στρατιωτικό land prices (and theof στιγμή τοother χάσμα έχει αρχίσειhas, να μικραίνει,τόσο στο τομέα whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative με τις συνεχείς αυξήσεις της Κίνας στις αμυντικές της δαπάνες και τα potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found atτων first στρατιωτικών in the UK in earlyτης 1960s and it refers to προγράμματα εκσυγχρονισμού υποδομών όσο The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor και οικονομικό τομέα.wealthy Εξάλλου, ο μέσος όρος ανάπτυξης τηςareas Κίναςof theστον then observed trend people to there buy property in poor London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes and thus old residents are την τριετία 2015-2017 περίπουthere στο and 6,8%, όταν για τις London, upgrade them, stayκυμάνθηκε themselves sometimes thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. 5 ενώ το Πεκίνο Η.Π.Α. το αντίστοιχο ποσοστό δεν ξεπέρασε το 2%, being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth 6 Ακόμα, κατέχει μεγάλο μέρος του δημόσιου τωνofΗ.Π.Α. A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included χρέους inwere the recorded work Sociologist Ruth GLASS atκαι theένα same while similar in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major το γεγονός πωςcountries, η Κίνα έχει καταστεί πλέον ο μεγαλύτερος εισαγωγέας cities in Western by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more Since then, the issue has preoccupied several below, scholars andthe for various its more 3 comprehensive approach are being summarized from https://www.pri.org/stories/2014-03-05/chinas-president-xi-jinping-rampscomprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of[accessed the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: military - spending 10/10/2017] interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a4https://www.nytimes.com/2014/03/06/world/asia/china-military-budget.html sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money [accessed 10/10/2017] 5 and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the https://tradingeconomics.com/united-states/gdp-growth [accessed 10/10/2017] 6The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.of safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Ιδιαίτερο ενδιαφέρον παρουσιάζει το γεγονός ότι το μεγαλύτερο μέρος Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”,movements (possibly) του δημόσιου χρέους οποίου αγγίζει τα 14τριςfor Youth Unemployment. Theτων sameΗ.Π.Α., year sheτο leftσύνολο Germanyτου and after continuous lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc.where studies and in Geneva, Prague, andχώρας, New York she came to London, δολάρια καιresearch ανέρχεται στο 76% τουLondon ΑΕΠ της ανήκει στοback κινεζικό κράτος, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and καθιστώντας την ofΚίνα τονwhere σημαντικότερο πιστωτή Ηνωμένων Πολιτειών. University informal College London, she continued her socialτων research. Her public and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers ofaction buying her work are το characterized by a δημόσιο passion forχρέος justice. See also: ENGLISHπερίπου DICTIONARY. Ειδικότερα, αμερικανικό προς την COLLINS Κίνα ανέρχεται σε and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: 1,25τρις δολάρια, δηλαδή στο 8,92% του συνολικού δημόσιου χρέους των G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually Ηνωμένων Πολιτειών.
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
πετρελαίου, ξεπερνώντας τις Η.Π.Α.,7 καθιστά φανερή την δυναμική της βιομηχανικής και οικονομικής της ανάπτυξης. Η Κίνα, είναι πλέον μία από τις ελάχιστες χώρες που έχουν εθνικά συμφέροντα σχεδόν σε κάθε σημείο του πλανήτη, ενώ είναι και η μόνη χώρα που αντιμετωπίζεται ως πιθανή απειλή κατά της αμερικανικής ηγεμονίας, ιδίως στην ευαίσθητη περιοχή του Ειρηνικού και της ανατολικής Ασίας. Είναι όμως By εμπλακούν Mr. George-Sp. ATHANASOPOULOS όντως πιθανό οι δύο χώρες να σεC.έναν ανταγωνισμό, Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, οικονομικό και στρατιωτικό, επικίνδυνο για την παγκόσμια ειρήνη και By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect σταθερότητα; Student of the School of Architecture Καταρχήν πρέπει να γίνει κατανοητός οTechnical τρόπος University με τον οποίο of Crete βλέπει η καθεμία από τις δύο χώρες την παρουσία της άλλης στον 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept ευρύτερο χώρο της ανατολικής Ασίας και του Ειρηνικού Ωκεανού. Από 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), the ancient Greek philosopher, τηνANTISTHENIS, πλευρά της Κίνας αρκετοί αξιωματούχοι έχουν υποστηρίξει ότι οι ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the Ηνωμένες Πολιτείες αποτελούν μια υπερδύναμη που370πλέον έχει among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. περάσει σεofφάση παρακμής καιγι’ αυτό το λόγο είναι αποφασισμένες acquisition knowledge starts with thein definition the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term να εμποδίσουν την άνοδο κάθε νέας μεγάλης δύναμης, όπως είναι η 1 (and Based, therefore, on this “principle” inindicated a first, if (in not final, approach, the term urban gentrification) is the area of Planning) (or gentrification 8 Αυτή η 1 Κίνα, που δυνητικά θα καταστεί ικανή να τις αμφισβητήσει. gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal (in various θέση ενισχύεται και από την τεράστια συγκέντρωση δύναμης πυρός Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, usually low-income and thethis placement there of artists, που διατηρούν οιgalleries, Η.Π.Α. σε of όλο το etc. μήκος των κινεζικών the operation of art restaurants, However “change”,συνόρωνκαι regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, διαθέτουν results alsoστην risingανατολική of land prices από τις πολυάριθμες βάσεις που Ασία(and καιthe τοof whatever otherspeculation). consequences results rising of land prices (and the potential relative δυτικό Ειρηνικό,καθώς καιhas, από το also ισχυρό δίκτυο αμυντικών potential relative speculation). The term gentrification found at first the UK της in early 1960s and περιοχής it refers to συμμαχιών που έχουν isαναπτύξει μεin χώρες ευρύτερης The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor όπως για observed παράδειγμα με την Ιαπωνία, τηto Νότια Κορέα, τις Φιλιππίνες the then trend wealthy people buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof και τη Νέα Ζηλανδία. αρκετοί αξιωματούχοι της Ουάσινγκτον London, upgrade them,Αντίθετα, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. έχουν εκφράσει τηνphenomenon άποψηότι isηincluded κινεζική πολιτική επιδιώκει Ruth τον being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this in the work of Sociologist εκτοπισμό των Η.Π.Α. από τηνsimilar ηγετική τους in θέση στο δυτικό Ειρηνικό A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while were in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major και την ανατολική Ασία by καιother την Researchers. εδραίωση στην Ασία ενός μπλοκ χωρών cities in Western countries, cities in Western countries, byτην otherκινεζική Researchers. Since then, the issueαπό has preoccupied several scholars andκαι for its more που θα εξαρτώνται οικονομία καθώς από τα Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various συμφέροντα και την εξωτερική πολιτική του Πεκίνου, οδηγώντας έτσι comprehensive approach are being summarized from the various interpretations of the phenomenon gentrification, thebelow, following: στον αποκλεισμό των Η.Π.Α.ofαπό την ευρύτερη περιοχή.9Μεγάλη interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups ανησυχία προκαλεί επίσηςisστην Ουάσινγκτον και η προώθηση του to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money κινέζικου εθνικισμού ο οποίος θεωρούν ότι υποκινείται από την and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the κυβέρνηση της χώρας νομιμοποιούνται εσωτερικό 1.of The term from προκειμένου Sociologist Ruthνα GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruthστο GLASS wasbetter born in sense safety atcomes the distributed residencies outside town centres, search for Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth7Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for http://www.worldstopexports.com/crude-oil-imports-by-country/ [accessed lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, 10/10/2017] in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and 8 University College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public and https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2017/06/19/are-china-and-the-unitedlong-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, ofaction buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. states-headed-for-war 12/10/2017] and selling realCOLLINS estate,[accessed etc., for the depreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Co Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: 9 Henry Kissinger, On China, Penguin, New York, 2011, pp. 693 G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
της οι αμφισβητούμενεςορισμένες φορές, βάσει του διεθνούς δικαίου, πολιτικές της. Η κατάσταση γίνεται ακόμα πιο περίπλοκη καθώς από το 2011 η παρουσία των Η.Π.Α. στο Ιράκ και στο Αφγανιστάν αρχίζει να εξασθενεί, ενώ ο πρώην πρόεδρος των Η.Π.Α., Barack Obama, δήλωνε ότι η περιοχή της Ασίας-Ειρηνικού αποτελεί το νέο κέντρο του παγκόσμιου οικονομικού δυναμισμού και έθετε ως στόχο την 10 Η νέα αυτή By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS εξασφάλιση του ελέγχου της συγκεκριμένης περιοχής. University, of Design, Student, προσέγγιση των Η.Π.Α.,Harvard όσον αφορά στηGraduate ζώνητηςSchool Ασίας-Ειρηνικού, είχε By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect ως αποτέλεσμα την αύξηση των αμερικανικών δυνάμεων στην περιοχή Student of the School of Architecture και ιδίως του ναυτικού τους, προκαλώντας αντιδράσεις εσωτερικό Technical στο University of Crete της Κίνας, κυρίως από αξιωματούχους που υπηρετούν στις υπηρεσίες 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept ασφαλείας και του στρατού. Μάλιστα, ορισμένοι από αυτούς έχουν 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, εκφράσει την άποψη ότι η Κίνα οφείλει να αντισταθεί με στρατιωτικά ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: BC, Athens), among otherεπεκτατική wise heritage he left us, he established a αυτή great the μέσα στην πολιτική των Η.Π.Α., αν και η370 ρητορική δεν among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a great “principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content of concepts. αποτελεί την επίσημη starts γραμμή Πεκίνου.11 Είναι όμως ρεαλιστικό acquisition of knowledge withτου theindefinition the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term σενάριο, τριβές της με τις Η.Π.Α. και τους τουςthe στην 1 (and urban Based,οιtherefore, on Κίνας this “principle” inindicated a first, if (in notσυμμάχους final, approach, term gentrification) is the area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 ανατολική Ασία και τον Ειρηνικό και τα αντιτιθέμενα συμφέροντά τους gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal (in various να οδηγήσουν σε μία αντιπαράθεση παρόμοια με αυτή της περιόδου Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, ofκαι low-income andθερμή thethis placement there of artists, του Ψυχρού Πολέμου ήusually ακόμα σεetc. μίαHowever πιο σύγκρουση; the operation of art galleries, restaurants, “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever otherέχει consequences has,το results alsoπροφίλ rising ofπου land prices (andτην theof Η Κίνα, εγκαταλείψει χαμηλό διατηρούσε whatever other consequences has,το results rising of land (and the potential relative speculation). εποχή του Ντενγκ Σιαοπίνγκ, οποίοalso υπαγόρευε στοprices Πεκίνο την potential relative speculation). The term gentrification found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to αποφυγήεμπλοκών στιςis εσωτερικές υποθέσεις τρίτων κρατών και τη The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor θέση τουobserved έχει πάρει μια πιο ενεργή εξωτερική πολιτική.inΗpoor νέαareas αυτήof the then trend wealthy people to there buy property London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes and thus old residents are πολιτική του Πεκίνου έχει συμβάλει, ώστε αυτή London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there στιγμή and thus να old υπάρχουν residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. αρκετές αφορμές γιαphenomenon να ξεσπάσει μια διαμάχη που θα μπορούσεRuth να being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this is included in the work of Sociologist οδηγήσει σε μια ένοπλη σύγκρουση θέατρο του δυτικού A description of this phenomenon isστο included inwere the work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same period, while similar situations recorded in Ειρηνικού. other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major Τέτοιες αφορμές αποτελούν τοζήτημα της Ταϊβάν και κυρίως οι cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then, the issue has scholars for its more διεκδικήσεις νησιωτικών εδαφών απόseveral την Κίνα στηνand ανατολική και Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various νότια Σινική Θάλασσα, εδαφών τα οποία διεκδικούνται ταυτόχρονα και comprehensive approach are being summarized from the various interpretations of the phenomenon gentrification, thebelow, following: από σημαντικούς εταίρους τωνofΗ.Π.Α. στην περιοχή όπως η Ιαπωνία, η interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theηof phenomenon dueof togentrification, a trend a new social groups Νότια Κορέα, Ταϊβάν, οι is Φιλιππίνες, τοofΒιετνάμ και η of Μαλαισία. Αν to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money και αυτά τα διαφιλονικούμενα νησιά εκ πρώτης όψεωςφαίνεται and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the ότιαποτελούνβραχονησίδες μηδαμινήςστρατηγικής σημασίας, στην 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth GLASS for wasbetter born in sense safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, search Berlin, where she madeαρκετά her first studies. In 1932 she published πάνω an important study entitled: πραγματικότητα, από αυτά βρίσκονται από τεράστια services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for
lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and 10 University College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public and http://foreignpolicy.com/2011/12/21/the-american-pivot-to-asia/[accessed long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, ofaction buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. 12/10/2017] and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: 11 http://files.foreignaffairs.com/legacy/attachments/PC12_Nathan.pdf[accessed G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually 12/10/2017]
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
κοιτάσματα φυσικού αερίου και πετρελαίου τα οποία, με την ανάπτυξη της εξορυκτικής τεχνολογίας, είναι πλέον προσβάσιμα, αποτελώντας ένα τεράστιο δέλεαρ για τη διψασμένη για ενέργεια αναπτυσσόμενη Ασία.12 Ήδη η Κίνα έχει κατασκευάσει μια εξέδρα άντλησης πετρελαίου σε διαφιλονικούμενα νερά της νότιας Θάλασσας της Κίνας, ενώ πρόσφατα ξεκίνησε την κατασκευή ενός τεχνητού νησιού σε George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS αμφισβητούμενα επίσης ύδατα By τηςMr.ίδιας περιοχής και συγκεκριμένα Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, στο αρχιπέλαγος που περιλαμβάνει τα νησιά Σπάρτλι τα Student, οποία By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect διεκδικούνται από αρκετάκράτη της νοτιανατολικής Ασίας. Τέτοιου Student of the School of Architecture είδους ενέργειες από μέρους του Πεκίνου δίνουν την εντύπωση Technical University of στα Crete γειτονικά κράτη πως η Κίνα έχει επεκτατικές βλέψεις, ενώ αναγκάζουν Introductory approach: Defining the concept τις1.Η.Π.Α. να ενισχύουν τους εταίρους τους στην περιοχή, ώστε να μη 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, Greekστα philosopher, φανούν αδύναμες the και ancient απρόθυμες μάτια της Κίνας και σε αυτά των ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among otherτους wiseστην heritage he left us, he established a great the συμμάχων ευρύτερη περιοχή αλλά και(444 στον υπόλοιπο κόσμο. among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. Μία ενδεχόμενη απροθυμία και των Η.Π.Α. να προστατέψουν acquisition of knowledge starts withαδυναμία theindefinition the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term τουςBased, συμμάχους της στην Ασία isinκαι τονif (in Ειρηνικό θα είχε ως 1 (and urban therefore, on this “principle” a first, not final, approach, the term gentrification) indicated the area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 αποτέλεσμαοι τελευταίοι να υποκύψουν στις πιέσεις του Πεκίνου και gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal (in various να ανοίξει η όρεξη του τελευταίου για νέες πρακτικές αμφισβήτησης Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement there of artists, της πρωτοκαθεδρίας τωνrestaurants, Ηνωμένων Σήμερα ωστόσο, μια the operation of art galleries, etc.Πολιτειών. However “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other has, results also και rising land prices (and δεν theof σύγκρουση στοconsequences ανατολικό άκρο της Ασίας τοofδυτικό Ειρηνικό whatever other consequences also rising landδιαφορές prices (and the potential relative speculation). πρέπει να θεωρείται πιθανήhas, καιresults αυτόδιότι παράofτις που potential relative speculation). The termτις gentrification is found at first in the UK inαλληλεξάρτηση early 1960s and it refers to χωρίζουν δύο υπερδυνάμεις η οικονομική μεταξύ The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor τους καθιστά απαγορευτική οποιαδήποτε ένοπλη διένεξη. Οι areas Η.Π.Α.of the then observed trend wealthy people to there buy property in poor London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes and thus old residents are χρειάζονται τηνthem, Κίνα να συνεχίσει London, upgrade stayγια themselves sometimesτην thereαγορά and thusαμερικανικών old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. ομολόγων και “squeezed”. ηof Κίνα χρειάζεται isτις Η.Π.Α. inκαθώς έχει ανάγκη being indirectly A description this phenomenon included the work of ακόμα Sociologist Ruth την Aτεχνογνωσία της, ενώ similar ένα is μεγάλο μέρος των εσόδων της description ofperiod, this phenomenon included in the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while situations were in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major προέρχεται από τις εξαγωγές της στις Η.Π.Α. Ακόμα, η Κίνα, δεν cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then, the issue has and forΠολιτείες its more πρόκειται να διακινδυνεύσει άμεσα μια several ρήξη μεscholars τις Ηνωμένες Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the καθώς μπορεί να αποδειχθεί ιδιαίτερα ευάλωτη σε περίπτωση various πουmore οι comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations the phenomenon of gentrification, following: οικονομικές Η.Π.Α. και οι ofσύμμαχοι της θελήσουν να τηςthe επιβάλουν interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, όπως theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend a new of social groups κυρώσεις, για παράδειγμα ένα ofεμπορικό εμπάργκο στην to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several 13 reasons: high costs in money προμήθεια πετρελαίου και μεταλλευμάτων. Από τη μεριά τους, and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the αναλυτές καιatcomes αξιωματούχοι και Ruth τωνGLASS, δύο χωρών ότιin 1.of The term from Sociologist 1912-1940. Ruthυπολογίσει GLASS for wasbetter born sense safety the distributed residencies outside town έχουν centres, search Berlin, where she που made ξεσπάσει her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: σε περίπτωση μια ένοπλη αντιπαράθεση οι συνέπειες θα services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for
lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and 12 University College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public and http://www.scmp.com/news/china/article/1096774/diaoyu-islands-disputelong-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, ofaction buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. about-resources-not-land[accessed and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for the14/10/2017] depreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Co Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: 13 http://www.foreignaffairs.gr/articles/69037/andrew-j-nathan-kai-andrewG. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
είναι καταστροφικές και για τις δύο πλευρές. Αν και οι Η.Π.Α. έχουν τον πρώτο λόγο, χάρη στις υπέρτερες στρατιωτικές δυνάμεις που διαθέτουν,δεν πρέπει να υποτιμώνται και αυτές της Κίνας οι οποίες έχουν τη δυνατότητα να προκαλέσουν καταστροφικά πλήγματα στις Η.Π.Α. καθώς εκτός από τον εκσυγχρονισμό και την ενίσχυση τους τα τελευταία χρόνια παραμένουν και μία αξιόλογη πυρηνική δύναμη. Οι By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS συνέπειες μιας τέτοιας αντιπαράθεσης θα επέφεραν καταστροφικό Harvard University, Graduate School of Design,και Student, πλήγμαστην οικονομία των δύο χωρών, ενώ θα επηρέαζαν την By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect παγκόσμια οικονομία προκαλώντας απρόβλεπτες συνέπειες για το Student of the School of Architecture διεθνές σύστημα. Άλλωστε, ηπρόσφατη εμπειρία των Η.Π.Α. στοofΙράκ Technical University Crete καταδεικνύει πόσο δαπανηρός μπορεί να γίνει ένας πόλεμος, μακριά 1. Introductory Defining concept από το έδαφοςapproach: τους,ακόμα καιtheεάν αντιμετωπίζουν έναν πολύ 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greekη philosopher, υποδεέστερο αντίπαλο. Επίσης, θέση της Κίνας στα πλαίσια μιας ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the υποθετικής σύγκρουσης με τις Η.Π.Α. ενισχύεται και από έναν among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. εξωτερικό παράγοντα, αυτόν Ρωσίας. ofΣτον Ψυχρό Πόλεμο η acquisition of knowledge starts withτης theindefinition the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if not final, approach, the term αντιπαλότητα - “principle” Σοβιετικής Ένωσης αποτέλεσε πεδίο 1 (andΚίνας Based, therefore, on this inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term urban gentrification) is area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 εκμετάλλευσης για τις Η.Π.Α., με τον Νίξον και τον Κίσινγκερ να κινούν gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal (in various τα νήματα σε ένα τρίγωνο σχέσεων μεταξύ των Η.Π.Α., της Κίνας και Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement of artists, της Σοβιετικής Ένωσης. Βασική ιδέα δύο αμερικανών πολιτικών the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.των However “change”,there regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences results κυρίως also rising of land prices (andστις theof ήταν να εκμεταλλευτούν τις has, διαφορές, εδαφικές, ανάμεσα whatever other consequences has, results ένα alsoάνοιγμα rising of προς land prices (and the potential relative speculation). δύο άλλες δυνάμεις, πραγματοποιώντας την Κίνα του potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found in the UK in early η1960s and it refers to Μάο. Αποτέλεσμα αυτού τουat first ανοίγματος ήταν πρόκληση στη The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor Σοβιετική Ένωσηtrend φόβουμιας καιareas μιαςof the then observed wealthyεπικείμενης people to there buyαπομόνωσης property in poor London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes and thus old residents are περικύκλωσης από πιθανή συμμαχία δύοthus αντιπάλων της London, upgrade them,μια stay themselves sometimesτων there and old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. καθιστώντας την έτσι πιο διαλλακτική και πρόθυμη στο να ικανοποιεί being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth τις A επιθυμίες της Ουάσινγκτον. Σήμερα,αν υπάρχει κίνδυνος description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included και inwere theδεν work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar recorded in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major απομόνωσης τις Ηνωμένες Πολιτείες, η αντιπαλότητα Ρωσίαςcities in Westernγια countries, by other Researchers. cities inφαίνεται Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then, the has several for its more Η.Π.Α. ναissue λειτουργεί προς όφελος τηςscholars Κίνας. Οand Ρώσος ηγέτης Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various έχει κάθε λόγο να διατηρεί μια ένταση με τις Η.Π.Α. και τη Δύση comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, following: γενικότερα, καθώς εν μέσω της οικονομικής the ύφεσης που πλήττει τη interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thecategory following: In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new of social groups Ρωσία τα τελευταία χρόνια ξεσηκώνει τον εθνικισμό μιας μεγάλης to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money μερίδας Ρώσων, διατηρώντας τη δημοτικότητα του σε υψηλά and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the 14 Εξάλλου, οι οικονομικές κυρώσεις που επιβλήθηκαν στη επίπεδα. 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, where she made her και first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: Ρωσία από τις Η.Π.Α. την Ευρωπαϊκή Ένωση πριν μερικά χρόνια, services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for λόγω της κατάληψης της Κριμαίας καιcar της στάσης η lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private easier access to markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came που back toδιατηρεί London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying 14 are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. her work http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/141450/david-gordon-and-jordanand selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: schneider/treacherous-triangle[accessed 14/10/2017] G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
Μόσχα στη συνεχιζόμενη διαμάχη στο εσωτερικό της Ουκρανίας, ενισχύουν το σκοπό του Πούτιν για έξαρση του εθνικισμού. Από τη μεριά του, ο Ρώσος πρόεδρος, ήλπιζε πως θα έπειθε την Κίνα να χρησιμοποιήσει την επιρροή της προκειμένου να παράσχει στη Ρωσία οικονομική υποστήριξη σε αυτές τις δύσκολες στιγμές που διανύει η οικονομία της χώρας του.15 Ωστόσο, αυτό δε συμβαίνει ακόμα καθώς η By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Κίνα και η Ρωσία έχουν διαφορετικούς στόχους. Η Κίνα θέλει Harvard University, Graduate School of Student, παγκόσμιο σεβασμό για την ειρηνική άνοδό της Design, σε επίπεδο By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect υπερδύναμης ενώ η Ρωσία θέλει να αμφισβητήσει τη Δύση, Student of the School of Architecture στηριζόμενη κυρίως στα τεράστια αποθέματα ενέργειας που διαθέτει Technical University of Crete από τα οποία εξαρτάται σε μεγάλο βαθμό η Ευρώπη. Το Πεκίνο, 1. Introductory approach: Defining concept που προκύπτουν από μία εξετάζοντας με ψυχρό ρεαλισμό τιςthe ευκαιρίες 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, theτη ancient Greek philosopher, στενή συμμαχία με Ρωσία κατά των Η.Π.Α., υπολογίζει πως δεν ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the εξυπηρετούνται τα συμφέροντα του. Μία ενδεχόμενη συμμαχία μεταξύ among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. Ρωσίας-Κίνας, στρεφόμενη κατά τωνdefinition Η.Π.Α., θαthe οδηγούσε κυρώσεις acquisition of knowledge starts with the content ofσεconcepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if of not final, approach, the term εις Based, βάροςtherefore, Κίνας, όπως αυτέςisinindicated παραπάνω, 1της on this “principle” aπου first,αναφέρθηκαν if (in notthe final, approach, the term (and urban gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 ανακόπτοντας την οικονομική της ανάπτυξη. Η Κίνα βλέπει τις Η.Π.Α. gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal (in various ως τον σημαντικότερο εταίρο της, λόγω της οικονομικής σχέσης που Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement there of artists, διατηρούν οι δύο χώρες και πολύetc. δύσκολα θα διακινδυνεύσει μια the operation of art galleries, restaurants, However “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences results also rising of land prices (and theof πραγματική ρήξη μαζί τους.has, Ωστόσο, εκμεταλλευόμενη τη συγκυρία whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising ofσκληρά land pricesπαζάρια (and the potential relative στις σχέσεις Η.Π.Α.-Ρωσίας πραγματοποιεί potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UKκαι in early and itπλευρές, refers to προκειμένου να αποσπάσει παραχωρήσεις από 1960s τις δύο The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor ιδιαίτερα από τη trend Ρωσία wealthy που ψάχνει ισχυρό the then observed people«απεγνωσμένα» to there buy property inέναν poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes and thus old residents areof σύμμαχο.Έτσι, ηthem, Κίνα, ναsometimes κλείσει there μία and πολύ London, upgrade stayμπόρεσε themselves thusπροσοδοφόρα old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. συμφωνία το 2014,καθώς συμφώνησε με in τηthe Μόσχα τα επόμενα being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included work ofγια Sociologist Ruth τριάντα ο period, ρωσικός ενεργειακός κολοσσός «Gazprom» ναmajor την A description of this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS atχρόνια the same while similar in other GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major προμηθεύει μεcountries, 38 δισεκατομμύρια κυβικά μέτρα φυσικό αέριο ανά cities in Western by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other 16 Με several Since then,γενομένης the issue has scholars and for more αυτή τη συμφωνία το its Πεκίνο έτος, αρχής το 2019.Researchers. Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various εξοικονομεί δεκάδες δισεκατομμύρια δολάρια καθώς εξασφαλίζει comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: φυσικό αέριοof με τιμές χαμηλότερες από εκείνες της αγοράς, ενώ interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thecategory following: In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new of social ταυτόχρονά μειώνεται η ενεργειακή του εξάρτηση από χώρες πουgroups είναι to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money προσδεδεμένες στο άρμα των Η.Π.Α..Είναι φανερό λοιπόνότι το Πεκίνο and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the ευνοείται από τηνdistributed αντιπαλότητα μεταξύ Μόσχας-Ουάσινγκτον, 1.of The term from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasχωρίς born in sense safety atcomes the residencies outside town centres, better Berlin, να where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: όμως επιδιώκει να μετατρέψει τα κέρδη που αποκομίζει σε μια services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for
lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and 15 University College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public and http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/141450/david-gordon-and-jordanlong-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, ofaction buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. schneider/treacherous-triangle[accessed 14/10/2017] and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: 16 https://www.cnbc.com/2014/05/21/china-and-russias-gazprom-sign-key-gasG. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Student of the School of Architecture Technical University of Crete
1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek ρήξη philosopher, άμεση, σοβαρή με τις Η.Π.Α. ή σε μία συμμαχία ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the που να στρέφεται εναντίον τους. among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. Απόwith τα προεκτεθέντα, γίνεται αντιληπτό πως acquisition of knowledge starts theindefinition the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term σε εποχή πουisin οindicated των Η.Π.Α. the με την 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on μία this “principle” aανταγωνισμός first, if (in notthe final, approach, term gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 Κίνα είναι κυρίως γεωοικονομικός, εν αντιθέσει με gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal (in various τον Ψυχρό Πόλεμο, όπου η αντιπαράθεση ήταν Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement of artists, κυρίως γεωπολιτικήκαθώςκυριαρχούσε το the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”,there regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising land prices (andμιας theof ιδεολογικό στοιχείο, οι ofπιθανότητες whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results rising of land (and the potential relative σύγκρουσης είναι alsoμικρές. Η prices οικονομική potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the early 1960s and it refers to αλληλεξάρτηση τωνUK inδύο υπερδυνάμεων, The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor παράγοντας που απουσίαζε εποχή the then observed trend wealthy people to there buy την property in τουΨυχρού poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes and thus old residents areof Πολέμου μεταξύsometimes Η.Π.Α. there και and Σοβιετικής Ένωσης London, upgrade them, stay themselves thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. καθώς και το γεγονός πως και οι δύο χώρες being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth διαθέτουν πυρηνικό οπλοστάσιο A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included in the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar were inαποτελούν other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major παράγοντες που αμφότεροι συνηγορούν υπέρ μιας cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then, the issue has scholars and στο for itsάμεσο more συνεργασίας παρά several μιας σύγκρουσης Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various μέλλον, καθιστώντας πιο πιθανό σενάριο more την comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, following: παραμονή των Η.Π.Α. στηνthe ανατολική Ασία και τον interpretations the phenomenon of thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is due togentrification, a trend of aόμως new social Ειρηνικό, επιτρέποντας στην of Κίνα ναgroups έχει to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money έναν πιο ενεργό και ουσιαστικό ρόλο στην ίδια and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the περιοχή. Το μεγάλο ερώτημα πλέοναν η better Κίνα termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth GLASS for was born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town είναι centres, search Berlin, where she made θα her επιχειρήσει first studies. In στο 1932μέλλον she published an important study entitled: την αναδιαμόρφωση του services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for statusquo στην περιοχή της Ασίας και etc.του lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private car access to markets, studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and Neweasier York she came back to London, where in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon In 1950 she teacher in the Ειρηνικού όταν ηplanning. οικονομία θα ξεπεράσει to another approach, the isτης due tobecame aέχει systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying αυτήν των Η.Π.Α. και οι στρατιωτικές της δυνάμεις her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCo depreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. Londonπεραιτέρω 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: θα έχουν πλησιάσει αυτές των Η.Π.Α. G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually
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