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Definition, Types of Intervention, Κίνα - GENTRIFICATION Η.Π.Α.: Νέος Ψυχρός Πόλεμος ή of intervention, Definition, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification υποχρεωτική συμβίωση; Concerns By Mr. George-Sp. ATHANASOPOULOS Του κ.C. Παν. ΣΚΑΛΤΣΟΥΝΗ Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Τα τελευταία χρόνια η Κίνα έχει αυξήσει σημαντικά τις Student of the School of Architecture στρατιωτικές της δαπάνες ενώ παράλληλα πραγματοποιεί καιof Crete μια Technical University
προσπάθεια εκσυγχρονισμού του τεράστιου πλην απαρχαιωμένου 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept στρατού που διαθέτει, ο οποίος αριθμεί περί τα 2.285.000 άτομα με μία 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, πρόσθετη δυνατότητα 2.300.000 εφέδρων. Σύμφωνα με το Διεθνές ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the Ινστιτούτο Μελετών για την Ειρήνη της Στοκχόλμης (SIPRI), το έτος among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. 2016 οι αμυντικές δαπάνες της αυξήθηκαν κατά 7%,ofσε σχέση με acquisition of knowledge starts withΚίνας theindefinition the content concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term τις αντίστοιχες του προηγούμενου προσεγγίζοντας το ποσό 1 (and Based, therefore, on this “principle”έτους, inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, theτων term urban gentrification) is area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 225 δις δολαρίων, ενώ το 2017 οι αμυντικές δαπάνες της χώρας gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal (in various αυξηθηκαν εκ νέου κατά 7%. Εδώ και αρκετά χρόνια η Κίνα βρίσκεται Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of στη social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement of artists, σταθερά θέση αμυντικών παγκοσμίως μένοντας the operation ofδεύτερη art galleries, restaurants, etc. δαπανών However “change”,there regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other has, results alsoμείωσαν rising ofσημαντικά land pricesτις (and theof πίσω μόνο απόconsequences τις Η.Π.Α. οι οποίες, παρότι δικές whatever otherspeculation). consequences has,την results also rising of land1 prices (and the potential relative παραμένουν τους αμυντικές δαπάνες κατά εξαετία 2011-2016, potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at firstπαγκοσμίως, in the UK in earlyδαπανώντας 1960s and it refers to σταθερά στην πρώτη θέση 610 The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor δισεκατομμύρια δολάριαπερίπου 2016προκειμένου να the then observed trend wealthyτο people to there buy property in ενισχύσουν poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes and thus old residents areof 2 τις στρατιωτικέςτους δυνάμεις. London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. Οι αυξήσεις κινεζικέςis included αυτές in δαπάνες, στις οποίεςRuth το being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of thisστις phenomenon the work of Sociologist ινστιτούτο μισθοδοσίες τωνofστελεχών των A description ofσυμπεριλαμβάνει this phenomenon isτις included inwere the recorded work Sociologist Ruth GLASS at theSIPRI same period, while similar situations in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major ενόπλων δυνάμεων, ταby επιχειρησιακά τους κόστη, τις αγορές όπλων cities in Western countries, other Researchers. cities in Western countries, by other Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and forοπλικών its more και εξοπλισμού καθώς και τηνResearchers. έρευνα και την ανάπτυξη Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various συστημάτων επιβεβαιώνουν την πρόθεση της Κίνας να ενδυναμώσει comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of theτης phenomenon of gentrification, the following: τις στρατιωτικές ικανότητες. Παράληλλα,δηλώσεις όπως αυτή του interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money 1 Η μείωση αμυντικών δαπανών των Η.Π.Α. where οφείλεται σε place μεγάλο and time to travelτων from the purlieus to downtown, work is,βαθμό lack ofστην the αποχώρηση της πλειοψηφίας των αμερικανικών δυνάμεων από το Ιράκ το 2011. Ωστόσο, 1. The term comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth GLASS was born in sense of safety at the distributed residencies outside town centres, search for better she made her first studies. In 1932 published entitled: ηBerlin, εκλογήwhere του Donald Trump στην προεδρία τωνshe Η.Π.Α. την study αύξηση των services of health, education, entertainment “at the σηματοδότησε heartan ofimportant the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for αμυντικών δαπανών. Χαρακτηριστικό είναι το γεγονός ότι τον Σεπτέμβριο του 2017 το lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, Κογκρέσο ενέκρινε νομοσχέδιο βάσει the του οποίου ο In αμυντικός προυπολογισμός της in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, is due a systematic and University College να of London, where sheδολάρια. continued her social research. brokers Her public action and χώρας αναμένεται αγγίξειby τα 700δις long-term informal effort organized groups, manufacturers, of buying 2 her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. https://www.statista.com/statistics/272473/us-military-spending-from-2000-toand selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: 2012/[accessed 10/10/2017] G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually
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