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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
regarding that matter ever), and Laws 2218/1994 and 2240/1994, which were ΚΟΙΝΩΝΙΚΗ ΠΟΛΙΤΙΚΗ effective since January 1, 1995. ΚΑΙ ΕΚΚΛΗΣΙΑΣΤΙΚΗ ΦΙΛΑΝΘΡΩΠΙΑ Prevision for operation at First Grade Local Government level of Committees ΙΣΤΟΡΙΚΗ ΑΝΑΔΡΟΜΗ with responsibilities established for the firstΚΑΙ timeΑΙΤΙΑ such as, among others, Committee for Quality of Life, (decisive and initiator body for exercise of the related with quality of life, zoning, planning andπ. environmental protection, Του urban Αρχιμανδρίτου Ειρηναίου ΛΑΦΤΣΗ competences of municipality with more than 10.000 inhabitants) and Consultation Πρωτοσυγκέλλου της Ιεράς Μητροπόλεως Αλεξανδρουπόλεως By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Committee (as a body with advisory powers on matters of Development Programmes, Action Programmes of the Municipality, Harvard University, Graduate etc.). School of Design, Student, (Συνέχεια εκ του προηγουμένου) By Mr.ofGeorge-Sp. ATHANASSOPOULOS Regarding the under research matter every type C. intervention at Architect city level Student the School concisely of Architecture with several Restoration Programmes, etc, here areofmentioned the Β’ ΜΕΡΟΣ: ΧΡΙΣΤΙΑΝΙΚΗ ΦΙΛΑΝΘΡΩΠΙΑ Technical University Crete responsibilities of the new Decentralized Administrations and new Regionsofand to Η εκκλησιαστική φιλανθρωπία είναι κάτι τελείως διαφορετικό από την a greater extent the (new) Local Government of first grade. Decentralized 1. Introductory Defining the concept κοινωνική πολιτική. Πριν αναπτύξουμε το δεύτερο που αφορά Administrations asapproach: successor of Government Regionsμέρος have among othersτην the 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept πρόνοια της Εκκλησίας γιαGreek τουςphilosopher, ανθρώπους, εξαρχής να following responsibilities: ANTISTHENIS, the ancient (444θέλουμε BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, thedirect ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370of BC, Athens), Recommending for sale of or (444 assignment communal παρουσιάσουμε τηνheritage βασική τους διαφορά. Η land κοινωνική απευθύνεται among other wise he left us,public he established a πολιτική great the among other wise heritage left us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the municipal or landshe for establishment orthe expansion industrial and acquisition of community knowledge starts with the of content concepts. σε κατηγορίες ανθρώπων που έχουν ανάγκη βιοπορισμού και τους manufacturing installations.This provision does not specify whether lands are acquisition of knowledge starts with thein definition the content ofsuch concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term αντιμετωπίζει ισοπεδωτικά κυρίως μέσω των επιδομάτων. Αντίθετα η 1 (and within or outside cities. Based, therefore, on this “principle” inindicated aτον first,άνθρωπο if (in notthe final, approach, the term urban gentrification) is area of Planning) (or gentrification Εκκλησία μέσω της φιλανθρωπίας βλέπει ως εικόνα Θεού και 1 (and urban Award monitoring and oversight the as the well as approvement of gentrification gentrification) isarea, indicated (in area of Planning) (or Sociology as well), asως the “refining” ofofaκαθένα cityelaboration, the removal this, (in various τον αντιμετωπίζει πρόσωπο, τον ξεχωριστά καιfrom προσπαθεί να τον Studies, General Urban planning projects, and Plans for territorial and housing Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, of (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement artists, στηρίξει και ψυχικά-πνευματικά. Στόχος της φιλανθρωπίας δεν είναι να organization of Open City (Law 2508/1997, Law 2539/1997). ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation ofτα artέξοδα galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of αντιμετωπίσει του μήνα αλλά να ενωθεί με τον Χριστό και να δει τις Assignment ofartplot land of the Port Land Zone for the construction of the the operation of galleries, restaurants, etc.την However “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also risingthis of land prices (andτων theof δυσκολίες της ζωή του ως μία ευκαιρία για μετοχή του στην Βασιλεία buildings forother “docker’s roof”. whatever consequences has, also rising ofαπό land prices (and με the potential relative speculation). Ουρανών και αυτό οgeneral άνθρωπος θα τοresults πετύχει μόνο μέσα την κοινωνία Specialization of guidelines and directives regarding issues of Urban potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the in early 1960s and itwithin refersthe to τους άλλους ανθρώπους. Planning, Urban Affairs and Housing as well asUK Building Regulations The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor τυχαίο αυτό που λέει ο μεγάλος ορθόδοξος θεολόγος area ofΔεν theirείναι territorial jurisdiction. the then observed trend of wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas of London, upgrade them, stay themselves and thusΕκκλησίας old residents are 1 για Monitoring, coordination and opinion regarding programs of the τηνexpression επίδρασηofτης Ορθόδοξης στην Alexander Schmemann London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. General Urbanτων Plansκοινωνιών: of the territorial area of theirείναι jurisdiction. διαμόρφωση η ορθοδοξία μία στάση ζωής που being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work Sociologist Approval of amendments of previously approved town of planning, usesRuth and εκφράζεται από την εναλλαγή νηστείας και πανηγύρεως. A description ofperiod, this phenomenon isthe included inwere the work ofofSociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar situations recorded in other major conditions for their building in OT on main road network prefectures of Ο πιστός μέσα period, σ’ αυτόwhile το πλαίσιο εντάσσει πολιτιστική GLASS atThessaloniki. the same similar situationsτην wereκοινωνική, recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. Attica and και εργασιακή συμπεριφορά και Researchers. όχι στους κανόνες της προσφοράς που To be continued... cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more υπαγορεύουν οι αγορές. Η πίστη μπορεί να είναι ιδιωτική υπόθεση, αλλά η Since then, the issue has preoccupied several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach are being summarized from International Organizations, Bodies, etc level. ορθοδοξία δεν είναι. Είναι εκκλησία, είναι κοινωνία below, ανθρώπων, στην comprehensive approach are being summarized from μέσα the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thesubject, following: Among the recent international activities regarding the here are mentioned οποία για να σωθεί κάποιος χρειάζεται και άλλο πρόσωπο. Άρα στην ουσία interpretations of theConference phenomenon of the following: In a sense, phenomenon is due togentrification, a trend of a new category of social indicatively thethe Seventh of European Ministers responsible for issues groups of Local μέσα από την ορθόδοξη κοινωνικότητα δημιουργούνται και για τα κράτη Organization (8-10 October 1986 a.D.). The eighth Conference of European Ministers, to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money κοινωνικές συμπεριφορές. Responsible for Local Government at kong of Ireland (14-15 September 1988a.D.), the elaboration and time tocharter” travel from theGovernment purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the of a “special for Local by Council of Europe (October theαναπτυχθεί 15th 1985 a.D.) Σήμερα λοιπόν, μετά απόresidencies 20 Ruth αιώνες χριστιανισμού έχει μίαin 1. The term comes from Sociologist GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth GLASS for wasbetter born sense of safety at the distributed outside town centres, search The European Charter for Local Autonomy of Council of Europe has been ratified so far by 22 θρησκευτική παράδοση κράτη, πολιτιστικά Berlin, where she made herπου first δημιούργησε studies. In 1932στα she χριστιανικά published an important study entitled: services health, education, entertainment “atratified the heart of thesigned city”,movements countries,of was signed by another 7, while it has not been and has not by(possibly) other 9. Youth Unemployment. The same year she Germany and afterκρίνεται continuousαναγκαία και κοινωνικά χαρακτηριστικά. Γιαleft το λόγο αυτό ηfor The countries that have not signed the Charter are: 1. Albania. 2. Andorra. 3. Czech Republic. lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back to London, 4.inIreland. 5. Latvia. 6. της Lithuania. 7. Moldova. 8. San Marino. Switzerland κατανόηση αυτής σχέσης προκειμένου να ερμηνεύσουμε κοινωνικές 1943 she published studies regarding city planning. In9.1950 sheto became teacher in the According to another approach, the phenomenon isof due a τις systematic and Greece has already ratified the Charter, based on paragraph 1research. Article 28 ofείναι the Constitution University College of London, where she continued her social Her public action and αντιλήψεις για τον άνθρωπο που υποφέρει. Υπ’ αυτή την έννοια χρήσιμη long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying with prejudice, that the country not undertake theSee responsibility to be ENGLISH bound by the provisions her work areτης characterized bydoes a passion for justice. also: COLLINS DICTIONARY. η εξέταση χριστιανικής εκκλησιαστικής παράδοσης με τοweb, έργο and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for the depreciation initially of(prerequisites partσχετικά of the urban inof of10th Article 5 (protection of the territorial limits of L.G.Os.), 7 WIKIPEDIA: par.2 for exercise edit. Wil. SONS AND Co Ltd. London 2009. The Free Encyclopedia: της φιλανθρωπίας από μέρους της εκκλησίας. competences at local level 8 par. 2 (administrative control of L.G.O. acts), etc., (L. 1850/10.5.1989). G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually See other items in: Const. GE. ATHANASOPOULOS: op. c., Volume II, p. 144 et seq. 1
Alexander Schmemann «Για να ζήσει ο κόσμος», Εκδ. Δόμος, Αθήνα 1987.
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
ΦΙΛΑΝΘΡΩΠΙΑ ΚΑΙ ΕΚΚΛΗΣΙΑ «Επείνασα γαρ, και εδώκατέ μοι φαγείν, εδίψησα, και εποτίσατέ με, ξένος ήμην, και συνηγάγετέ με, γυμνός και περιεβάλετέ με, ασθενής και επεσκέψασθέ με, εν φυλακή ήμην και ήλθετε προ με»2. Το απόσπασμα αυτό είναι μέρος του Ευαγγελίου που διαβάζεται την Κυριακή της Τυρινής ή της Κρίσεως όπως την ονομάζουμε. By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Έρχεται ο Χριστός Harvard δηλαδή University, κατά την Graduate Δευτέρα Παρουσία Του, όχι ως αSchool of Design, Student, Byστην Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS πλός και ασήμαντος άνθρωπος, όπως Βηθλεέμ, αλλά ως Θεός μεArchitect την συStudent of theδόξης School of Architecture νοδεία όλων των Αγγέλων για να καθίσει «επί θρόνου αυτού» και να Technical University Crete κρίνει ολόκληρη την οικουμένη, νεκρούς και ζωντανούς και να χωρίσειofτους αγαθούς και τους αμαρτωλούς ανθρώπους. Αξιοσημείωτο είναι το γεγονός, ό1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept τι ως1.κριτήριο κατάapproach: την επιλογή του αυτή, λαμβάνει την ελεημοσύνη, την φιIntroductory Defining the concept ANTISTHENIS, the ancient philosopher, (444 λανθρωπία και την αγάπη προς Greek τους συνανθρώπους μας.BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a και great Όταν διαβάσει κάποιος την Καινή Διαθήκη αλλά όταν σε πολλέςthe αamong other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the κολουθίες της Εκκλησίας μας ακούσει τα αναγνώσματα και τους ύμνους θα acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term κατανοήσει ότι καταγράφονται σε βάθοςinστα χρόνια του Χριστού οι διάφορες 1 (and Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if (in not final, approach, the term urban gentrification) is indicated the area of Planning) (or gentrification μορφές της ανθρώπινης και αδυναμίας. 1 (and urbanαθλιότητας gentrification gentrification) indicated (inΆνθρωποι thefrom areathis, ofπεινασμένοι, Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal (in various διψασμένοι, γυμνοί, πρόσφυγες, διωκόμενοι, φυλακισμένοι, αιχμάλωτοι, αλλά Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, και ασθενείς όπως τυφλοί, κουφοί, χωλοί, παράλυτοι, λεπροί, κατάκοιτοι, δαιways), of social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”,there regardless of μονισμένοι απευθύνονται, τους και άλλοτε οδηγούμενοι the operation ofconsequences art galleries,άλλοτε restaurants, etc. However this regardless whatever other has, μόνοι results also rising of “change”, land prices (andαπό theof πρόσωπα φιλικά ή συγγενικά προς τον Χριστό για ναofβρουν την θεραπεία whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising land prices (and the potential relative τους. Και ο Χριστός τους θεραπεύει όχι μόνο σωματικά αλλά και ψυχικά. Γράpotential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to 3: «Και επισκεπτόταν ο Ιησούς όλες τις πόλεις και φει ο ευαγγελιστής Ματθαίος The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor τα και δίδασκε στις συναγωγές και κήρυττε το thus Ευαγγέλιο περί της theχωριά then observed trend of wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves and old residents areof Βασιλείας και θεράπευε ασθένεια και κάθε αδυναμία του λαού». London, upgrade them, κάθε stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. Το παράδειγμα Διδασκάλου ακολουθούν και οι μαθητές being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of thisτου phenomenon is included in theαργότερα work of Sociologist Ruth A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Ruth Του, αλλά και οι διάδοχοί τους. Με την ίδρυση της Εκκλησίας κατά την ημέρα GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recordedSociologist in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major της Πεντηκοστής και την κάθοδο του Αγίου Πνεύματος η Εκκλησία λαμβάνει, cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. παράλληλα προς την πνευματική υπόσταση, και scholars την οργάνωσή Since then, the issue has several and forτης its πάνω more Since then, the issue has preoccupied several below, scholars andπροσφέρουν for various its more στην γη. Εφαρμόζει την αρχή κοινοκτημοσύνης. Οι πλούσιοι comprehensive approach areτης being summarized from the comprehensive approach are being summarized fromΠαρατίθενthe various τα υπάρχοντά of τους ήphenomenon μέρος αυτών υπηρεσία the τηςbelow, Εκκλησίας. interpretations the ofστην gentrification, following: interpretations of the phenomenon gentrification, thecategory following: ται γεύματα τράπεζες πουof ονομάζονται Σε περιπτώσεις πείIn a sense,με theκοινές phenomenon is due to a trend of a αγάπες. new of social groups νας, λοιμωδών ασθενειών και διωγμών έχουμε την προσφορά της «Λογίας», to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money δηλαδή διενέργεια χρηματικού και where της συλλογής καιis,αποστολής and timeτην to travel from the purlieus toεράνου, downtown, work place lack of the termat comes from Sociologist Ruthανάγκη GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth GLASS wasbetter born sense ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, search for των 1.χρημάτων αυτών στους έχοντας Χριστιανούς. «Όσο αφορά τηνin Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at χριστιανούς, the heart of the συνεισφορά σας για τους αγίους δηλαδή τους να city”, κάνετε(possibly) κι εσείς Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc.where όπως όρισα στις εκκλησίες της Γαλατίας. Κάθε πρώτη μέρα της εβδομάδος ας studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back to London, 4 in 1943 she published studies regarding city planning. In 1950 she became teacher in the According to another approach, the phenomenon is due to a systematic and βάζει ο καθένας κάτι κατά μέρος ανάλογα με τα έσοδά του» . University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, ofaction buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: 2 G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually Ματθ. 25, 31-46.
140
3 4
Ματθ. 9, 35. Α’ Κορινθ. 16, 1-2.
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
Θαυμάζει κανείς τον πλούτο της Ελληνικής γλώσσας η οποία χρησιμοποιείται στην Καινή Διαθήκη και στα κείμενά της, στις Πράξεις των Αποστόλων και στην Αποκάλυψη, για τις διάφορες εκδηλώσεις της ελεημοσύνης, της φιλανθρωπίας, της αγάπης. Βεβαίως τα σκήπτρα τα έχει η αγάπη: «Ο Θεός αγάπη εστίν»5. Στην ερώτηση του νομικού: «Διδάσκαλε, ποιά εντολή μεγάλη εν τω νόμω;», ο Ιησούς απαντά, «Αγαπήσεις Κύριον τον Θεόν σου .... αύτη εστί πρώτη και μεγάλη εντολή. By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS 6. Δευτέρα δε ομοία αυτή· αγαπήσεις τον πλησίον σου ως σεαυτόν» Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Οι δύο πρώτες και μεγάλες εντολές της χριστιανικής διδασκαλίας είναι Architect ofΆλλες the School of Architecture η αγάπη προς τον Θεό και η αγάπη προς τον Student πλησίον. εκφράσεις παρόTechnical University of Crete μοιες είναι οι εξής: Έλεος και τα παράγωγα. Έλεος = οίκτος, συμπάθεια, ευσπλαχνία. Εί1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept ναι το κατεξοχήν γνώρισμα του Θεού. the concept 1. Introductory approach: Defining ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BCστον - 370 συνάνθρωπό BC, Athens), που δίνει υλική ή ηθική βοήθεια Ελεήμων. Αυτός ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the του. Αυτός που βοηθά τους αδυνάτους αλλά και αυτός που συγχωρεί. Γνώριamong other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. σμα και αυτό του Θεού. acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition of the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if not final, approach, the term Ηonυλική και ηθική in συμπαράσταση προςapproach, τους άλλους. Ο Ελεημοσύνη. 1 (and urban Based, therefore, this “principle” a first, if (in notthe final, the term gentrification) is indicated area of Planning) (or gentrification χαρακτήρας και το έργο της ευεργεσίας. isΕίναι συχνή(inη the χρήση όρου στην 1 (and gentrification urban gentrification) indicated areaτου of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Καινή Διαθήκη. Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, φιλάδελφοι of βρίσκεΦιλαδελφία-μορφή τηςofφιλανθρωπίας. ways), of social groups, usually low-income and Οtheόρος placement artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”,there regardless of ται στα εξής χωρία στην Καινή Διαθήκη: Εβρ. 1, 31 Α’ Πέτρ. 3, 8 Ρωμ. 12, 10of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the - whatever Α’ Θεσ. 4, 9other - Α’ Πέτρ. 1, 22 - Β’ Πετρ. 1, 7. also rising of land prices (and the consequences has, results potential relative speculation). Μολονότι οι όροι αγάπη και ελεημοσύνη Φιλάνθρωπος, φιλανθρωπία. potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to συναντώνται πολύ συχνά στην Καινή Διαθήκη, η λέξη φιλανθρωπία και τα The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refers the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor ofto συγγενικά της μόνο τρεις φορές. the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old residents areof Α) upgrade «Φιλανθρώπως». Εδώ εννοεί την ευγενική συμπεριφορά του London, them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. 7 . εκατοντάρχου Ιουλίου προς τον Παύλο being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth το of ναυάγιο του Αποστόλου Παύλου στη νήσο δε AΒ) description this phenomenon is situations included inwere the work of Μελίτη. Sociologist Ruth GLASS atΚατά the same period, while similar recorded in other«Οι major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major βάρβαροι παρείχον ου την τύχουσαν φιλανθρωπίαν ημίν». Όταν σωθήκαμε cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. 8. cities Western by other Researchers. από τοinναυάγιο οιcountries, ιθαγενείς μας φέρθηκαν με ασυνήθιστη ευγένεια Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for itsκαι more Γ) Ο Παύλος προς τον «Όταν εμφανίστηκε η χρηστότητα η comprehensive approach areΤίτο: being summarized below, from the various comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various φιλανθρωπία του Σωτήρος μας, μας έσωσε όχι απόthe ταfollowing: έργα μας αλλά από το interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, interpretations the phenomenon gentrification, the following: έλεός Εδώ οphenomenon όρος φιλανθρωπία την of έννοια του ελέουςofπου δείχνει ο In aτου». sense, theof is dueof toέχει a trend a new category social groups 9. Θεός to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money Από ταfrom ανωτέρω καταλαβαίνουμε πως το έργο της Εκκλησίας είναι and time toόλα travel the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the 1. The term comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth GLASS was born και η of φιλανθρωπία, η οποία κατά τους τρείς πρώτους αιώνεςsearch και λόγω τωνin sense safety at the distributed residencies outside town centres, for better Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: διωγμών, από τους Αποστόλους και of τους τους services of πραγματοποιείται health, education, entertainment “at the heart the διαδόχους city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc. studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back to London, where in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and 5 long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying Α’are Ιωαν. 4, 16. her work characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. 6 and selling real22, estate, for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. COLLINS SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: Ματθ. 36-40.etc., 7 G. 3. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually Πραξ. 27, 8 9
Πραξ. 28, 1. Τιτ. 3, 4.
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
και από τους πνευματικούς αρχηγούς, τους επισκόπους δηλαδή, της κάθε τοπικής Εκκλησίας, και κυρίως μέσω των χριστιανικών οικογενειών. Ο όρος όμως φιλανθρωπία δεν είναι δημιούργημα του Ευαγγελίου, αλλά προϋπήρχε στην αρχαία Ελλάδα και σήμαινε την αγάπη των θεών για τον άνθρωπο. Ο Πλάτων προσδιορίζει σαν αγάπη του Θεού προς τον άνθρωπο το ότι οι θεοί ανέλαβαν την φροντίδα των ανθρώπων για να καθιδρύσουν την ειρήνη και την δικαιοσύνη μεταξύ τους καθώς και το ότι θέλουν να τους ελευθεBy Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS ρώσουν από τους πολέμους και τις έχθρες10. Ο Προμηθέας ανέλαβε να φέρει Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, φωτιά στους ανθρώπους και να τους διδάξει τέχνεςC.από αγάπη προς αυBy Mr. George-Sp. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect τούς11. Student of the School of Architecture Επίσης οι θεοί δείχνουν την αγάπη τους στουςTechnical ανθρώπους παρέχοντάς University of Crete τους αγαθά υλικά αλλά και πολύ πιο σοβαρά όπως οι εποχές του χρόνου, τα 1. Introductory approach: Defining 12. the concept άστρα, ο ήλιος, το νερό, την φωτιά 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC - 370 BC,αρετή Athens), Όμως, και μεταξύ των ανθρώπων ο όρος φιλανθρωπία ήταν για ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he προτείνει established aανατεθούν great the τους αρχαίους Έλληνες. Ο Πλάτων είχε να τα ορφανά among other wise heritage he leftthe us, established aΠερικλή greatof“principle”: the 13 acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. . definition Οhe επικήδειος του αποκαλύπτει στη φροντίδα δημοσίων κηδεμόνων acquisition of knowledge starts with the definition of the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term την παρουσία των Αθηναίων για τα ορφανά. Αλλά και με τους υπερήλικες ή1 (and urban therefore, on this “principle” inindicated a14first, if (in notthe final, approach, theτους term gentrification) is area of Planning) (or gentrification . Ο Δημοσθένης εγκωμιάζει ταν Based, φιλάνθρωποι οι αρχαίοι πρόγονοί μας 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification 15 Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various νέους που σέβονται τους μεγαλύτερους . Sociology as well), the “refining” of a city area, the this, of (in various ways), ofέννοια social groups, usually of low-income andστην theremoval placement there artists, Η τηςas φιλανθρωπίας που υπήρχε Αρχαίαfrom Ελλάδα εκδηλώways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation artκατασκευή galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of θηκε και με of την φιλανθρωπικών ιδρυμάτων που περιέθαλπαν the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the πτωχούς και ξένους που εύρισκαν μέσα σε αυτά τροφή και στέγη. Το ιερό της whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative Ήρας, στα βόρειαspeculation). του Άργους περιελάμβανε ένα τέτοιο ίδρυμα τετράγωνο και potential relative speculation). The term is found inΞενοφών the UK inδιηγείται early 1960s it refers to 16. Ο ότιand η φιλανθρωδιώροφο με gentrification δωμάτια εμβαδού 70 at τ.μ.first The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor πία συνηθισμένη τακτική του Βασιλιά της Αγησίλαου (398-360 theήταν then observed trend of wealthy people toΣπάρτης buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof π.Χ.). Ο Βασιλιάς είχε φιλάνθρωπη πολιτική προς there τους αιχμαλώτους πολέμου, London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. τους γέροντες και τους ενδεείς17. Κατά την διάρκεια της ελληνιστικής περιόbeing indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth δου A οι description πόλεις όπως Αθήνα και Ρόδος is οργάνωσαν δημόσια δηλαδή ofperiod, this phenomenon included inwere the recorded workσυμπόσια, of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar situations in other major συσσίτια και πρόσφεραν γεύματα στους πτωχούς. GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. Ηinαρχαία ελληνική παράδοση περί φιλανθρωπίας υιοθετήθηκε από την cities Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more πρωτοχριστιανική κοινωνία η οποία συνδύασε στοιχεία εβραϊκής και its ελληνιSince then, the issue has several scholars andthe for more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized below, from various comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups 10 to “return” to the city, leaving purlieus for several reasons: highOpera, costs in money Πλάτωνος, «Νόμοι IV»,the 713φ., εκδ. Joannes Burnet, Platonis V (Oxford and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the 1959). 11 The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth 28-30, GLASS, 1912-1940. GLASS wasquality born in sense1.of safety the distributed residencies outside town search for better Αισχύλου, «Προμηθεύς Δεσμώτης», πρβλ Cracecentres, H.Ruth Macurdy, «The Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, entertainment the heartConn., of the1940) city”, (possibly) ofYouth MercyThe centereducation, Virtues in Greek Life nature» “at (New Haven, σελ. 98 εξ. Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for 12 lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc.where Ξενοφώντος, «Απομνημονεύματα IV», III, 3-7. studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back to London, 13 in According 1943 Πλάτωνος, she published studies cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the «Νόμοι», ΧΙ,regarding 927Α. the to another approach, is due a systematic and 14 University College of London, where she continued her social research. Her public and Θουκυδίδου, «Ιστορία Πελοποννησιακού Πολέμου», ΙΙ, 4β. brokers long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, ofaction buying her work 15 are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. Δημοσθένους, Αριστογείτονος» Ι, 24-25. and selling realCOLLINS estate,«Κατ’ etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: 16 Θουκυδίδου, «Ιστορία Πελοποννησιακού Πολέμου»ΙΙΙ, 68, πρβλ. Πλάτωνος, «ΝόG. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually
142
μοι», ΧΙΙ, 952Δ. 17 Ξενοφώντος, «Αγησίλαος» Ι, 21-23.
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
κής ηθικής, αναπτύχθηκε μέσα στο νέο ελληνοχριστιανικό κοινωνικοπολιτικό περιβάλλον. Κατήργησε την έννοια των φυλετικών διακρίσεων και μίλησε εναντίον των κοινωνικοοικονομικών διαφορών. Κατά τον Απόστολο Παύλο «Δεν υπάρχει Ιουδαίος ούτε Έλληνας, δεν υπάρχει δούλος ούτε ελεύθερος, δεν υπάρχει άντρας και γυναίκα, διότι όλοι εσείς είστε ένας άνθρωπος δια του Ιησού Χριστού»18. By Mr. George-Sp. ATHANASOPOULOS Η χριστιανική αγάπη και φιλανθρωπία πήρε μιαC. πιο θρησκευτική έξαρHarvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, ση. Η ίδια διδασκαλία του Κυρίου μας κατέστησε την φιλανθρωπία θεοκενBy Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS 19Architect τρική. «Ο Χριστός δεν ήρθε για να διακονηθεί Student αλλά γιαofνα διακονήσει» . Έτσι ο the School of Architecture πιστός που εφαρμόζει την φιλανθρωπία γίνεται μιμητής Χριστού αφού οofΘεός Technical University Crete πήρε την μορφή δούλου. Ο Χριστός δίδασκε τους μαθητές του να αγαπούν ο έIntroductory approach: Defining the 20 concept . «Εντολή νέα σας δίνω, να αγαπάτε νας1.τον άλλον όπως τους αγάπησε ο ίδιος 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept αλλήλους όπως εγώ σας αγάπησα έτσι να αγαπάτε κι εσείς ένας τον άλλον. ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -ο370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC 370 BC, Athens), Από αυτό θα ξέρουν όλοι ότι he είστε μου, εάν δηλαδή έχετε αγάπη»21. the among other wise heritage leftμαθητές us, he established a great “principle”: among wiseπερί heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a great the Τοother κήρυγμα της παγκόσμιας αγάπης γίνεται το σύνθημα των μαθηacquisition of knowledge starts with of the content of“principle”: concepts. 22, και acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of θεμέλιος λίθος της πρώτης εκκλησίας. Οι concepts. πιστοί τών του Χριστού Based, therefore, on ο this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the προterm Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term τρέπονταν να1 (and ασκούν ελεημοσύνη προςis τους φτωχούς, τιςarea χήρες, τα ορφανά, urban gentrification) indicated of Planning) (or gentrification 1 gentrification urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom area ofφυλετικής Planning) (or Sociology as well), the “refining” of cityisarea, the κοινωνικής removal this, (in various τους ξένους και(and ναasαναπτύσσουν τοaαίσθημα της και ιSociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various 23 ways), of και social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, . Αυτή η επαναστατική έννοια της φιλανθρωπίας εσότητας δικαιοσύνης ways), of έναν social groups, usually low-income andυλοποιήθηκε thethis placement of artists, the operation ofενθουσιασμό art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”, regardless of νέπνευσε γιαofαγαθοεργίες και μεthere την ανέγερtheτων operation ofconsequences art galleries, restaurants, etc.also However this “change”, regardless 24. Αυτό whatever other has, results of land prices (and theof πουrising έκανε ελκυστική την παρουση φιλανθρωπικών ιδρυμάτων whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative speculation). σία του Χριστιανισμού στον αρχαίο κόσμο25 ήταν η καινούργια έννοια της ενpotential relative speculation). Theτης termαγάπης. gentrification is found at first in the in early 1960s and it refers to τολής Η Εκκλησία την εποχή τωνUK Αποστόλων οργάνωνε φιλανThe term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas of θρωπίες φρόντιζε τους ενδεείς, παρέθετε γεύματα, φρόντιζε τους φυλακισμέ-to the then observed trend of wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, them, stay andέκφραση thus old residents areof νους καιupgrade τους ασθενείς καιthemselves γενικότερα θεωρούσαν κάθε της φιλανLondon, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. θρωπίας ως την ουσιαστικότερη πράξη της χριστιανικής κοινότητας26. being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth Μετά τον πρώτο αιώνα η Εκκλησία συνέχισε την τακτική των αποστόA description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major λων. Προσφορές ελεημοσύνης συγκεντρώνονταν κάθε Κυριακή για τους φτωGLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western by other Researchers. χούς της τοπικήςcountries, εκκλησίας. πτωχοί θεωρούνταν «ναοί του Θεού»27 και ειcities in Western countries, byΟι other Researchers. Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more Since then, the issue has several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized from comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups 18 Γαλ. 3, 28. to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money 19 10, 45. and timeΜαρκ. to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the 20 1. The term from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in Ιωάν. 15, 12. distributed sense of safety atcomes the residencies outside town centres, Berlin,21where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: Ιωάν. 13, 34-35. services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth22Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for Ρωμ. 13, 8 – Εφ. 5, 2 – Α’ Πετ. 1,London 22private – Α’and Ιωαν. 10 &she 3, 11 – Α’ Κορ. lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from car easier access to markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, Prague, New2, York came back to13. London, 23 12, 8another – Ιακ.studies 1, 27-2, 14 – Α’the Πετρ 4, 9. in According 1943 Ρωμ. she published regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to approach, is due a systematic and 24 University College of London, where she80. continued her social research. brokers Her public action and Lecky, «European Morals» 11, long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying 25 are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. her work Πρβλ. Ιγνατίου, «Επιστολή προς Σμυρναίους», VI, of Πολυκάρπου Σμύρνης, «Επιand selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: στολή προς Φιλίππους», ΒΕΠ. G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually 26 27
Σ. Αγουρίδου, «Η κοινοκτημοσύνη εν τη πρώτη Εκκλησία», Θεσσαλονίκη, 1963. 143 2521 11 Αποστολικοί κανόνες, ΙΙΙ, 6 IV, 3.
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
σήχθησαν τα δέκατα έτσι ώστε η Εκκλησία να έχει αποθέματα για την αποστολή της φιλανθρωπίας28. Η φιλανθρωπία γίνεται το διακριτικό γνώρισμα των χριστιανών ανάμεσα στους ειδωλολάτρες. Ο Ιγνάτιος επίσκοπος Αντιοχείας γράφει στους Χριστιανούς της Σμύρνης: «προσέξτε αυτούς που έχουν αντίθετες ιδέες ως προς τη χάρη του Ιησού Χριστού...πόσο διαφορετικοί είναι. Δεν νοιάζονται για πράξεις αγάπης, δεν φροντίζουν τις χήρες, τα ορφανά, τους θλιμμένους, τους βασανιBy Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS σμένους, τους φυλακισμένους, ούτε ενισχύουν τους πεινασμένους και Student, τους διHarvard University, Graduate School of Design, ψασμένους»29. By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Η φιλανθρωπία των Χριστιανών δεν περιορίζεται στους ΧριστιαStudent of theμόνο School of Architecture 30. Τα μέλη της νούς. Υπήρξε εποχή που οι πιστοί έδιναν και σε ειδωλολάτρες Technical University of Crete Εκκλησίας προτρέπονταν να προσφέρουν τους πρώτους καρπούς των προϊ1. Introductory approach: the concept όντων τους όπως κρασί, λάδι,Defining ρούχα, σιτάρι, πρόβατα, στους φτωχούς31. 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept ANTISTHENIS, ancient Greek philosopher, (444 - 370και BC,οAthens), Η χριστιανικήthe φιλανθρωπία θεσμοποιήθηκε πολύBC νωρίς επίσκοthe ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, της Athens), among other wise heritage left us, he established a great the πος ANTISTHENIS, ήταν επιφορτισμένος μεhe διοικητικές ευθύνες για(444 τη φιλανθρωπία Εκamong other wise heritage he left us, he established a great “principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with the definition of the content of concepts. κλησίας. Έπρεπε να εκδηλώνει για τα ορφανά την φροντίδα του γονιού, για acquisition of knowledge starts with the definition of the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term τις χήρες την προστασία των συζύγων, στους ανάπηρους συμπόνια, στους ξέ1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification νους καταφύγιο, στους πεινασμένους τροφή, στους φυλακισμένους παρηγο1 (and gentrification urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ριά32. Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways),Τα of social groups,του usually of low-income and the placement there artists, χειρόγραφα τρίτου αιώνα συνεχίζουν να τονίζουν ότι of η φιλανways), of social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”, regardless of θρωπία αποτελούσε την πρωταρχική ευθύνη της Εκκλησίας τόσο στην Αναthe operation ofconsequences art galleries, restaurants, etc.also However this “change”, regardless of whatever other has, results rising of land prices (and the τολή όσο και στη consequences Δύση. Ο Άγιος Κυπριανός υποστηρίζει ότιland η Εκκλησία φρόνwhatever other has, results also rising of prices (and the potential relative speculation). τιζε με πολλή προσοχή την ευημερία των πτωχών, των αρρώστων, των χήρων potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to 33. και των ορφανών The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor Ο Τερτυλλιανός, απολογητής του Χριστιανισμού, αναφέρει ότι «οareas καθέthe then observed trend wealthy people to there buy property in poor London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes and thus old residents areof νας μας μια φορά το μήνα ή όποτε θέλει, φέρνει μερικά νομίσματα και μόνο London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residentsαν are being indirectly “squeezed”. το θέλει και αν μπορεί». Αυτά τα χρήματα μπορούν να ονομαστούν κεφάλαιο being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth της A ευσεβείας. Διότι δενphenomenon ξοδεύονται για δείπνο ούτε συμπόσια, αλλά για description ofperiod, this is situations included inwere theγια work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar recorded in other major να τραφούν καιsame να θαφτούν, για νέους και νέες πουwere δεν έχουν γονείς και περιGLASS at the period, similar situations recorded in other major cities in Western countries, bywhile other Researchers. ουσία, για υπερήλικες δούλους, για να ναυαγισμένους ναυτικούς και για όποιcities in Western countries, by other Researchers. Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more 34 ον βρίσκεται σε φυλακές ορυχεία Since then, the issueκαι has preoccupied several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach are being .summarized from χρόνια αργότερα μαθαίνουμε ότι επί επισκόπου Ρώμης ΚορνηΜερικά comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: λίου Εκκλησία της Ρώμης από χίλιουςofπεντακόσιους interpretations of the phenomenon gentrification, thecategory following: In (+250) a sense, ηthe phenomenon is dueof toέτρεφε a trendπάνω of a new social groups 35. ανθρώπους to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the 28 The termat comes from Απολογία», Sociologist Ruth 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS39, wasεκδ. born sense1.of safety the distributed residencies outside town«Απολογητική», centres, for better Ιουστίνου, «Πρώτη 67, 6,GLASS, Τερτυλλιανός, tr.in Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) TR Clover Classical Library (London, 1931). Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for 29 lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where Ιγνατίου, «Επιστολή προς Σμυρναίους». studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, 30 she published studies regarding city planning. In 1950 she became teacher in the in According 1943 to another approach, the phenomenon is due to a systematic and Ο Ποιμήν του Ερμά, «Επιτάγματα», 2, 2. 31 University College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying Διδαχαί των Δώδεκα Αποστόλων, ΧΙΙΙ. her work 32 are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for the depreciation initially of«Απολογητική», part of the urban Αποστολικοί Κανόνες IV, τμ.1, 2, πρβλ Τερτυλλιανού, 39. web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Co Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: 33 G. ALEXANDRI: wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: varietyΚυπριανού, of ways, in order Abstract. to αρ. achieve (actually «Επιστολαί», 35http://www.uncanny.net/ και the 36. “assisted”, “voluntary”,
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Τερτυλλιανού, «Απολογητική», 39, 5-6. Ευσεβίου, «Εκκλησιαστική Ιστορία», VI. 43, 11-12.
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GENTRIFICATION Μέχρι λοιπόν of τον Intervention, Γ’ αιώνα οι Χριστιανοί κυρίως Definition, Types των μεγαλουπόλεων είχαν οργανωθεί σε ευρεία κλίμακα Definition, Types ofέχουν intervention, Concerns of Gentrification για να βοηθούν όσους ανάγκη. Πραγματοποιούσαν δε ορισμένες από τις εντυπωσιακότερες πράξεις ευConcerns ποιΐας χάριν των ασθενών. Όταν η πανώλη έπληξε την
Αλεξάνδρεια επί βασιλείας Γαλλιηνού (259-268), ο επίσκοπος Διονύσιος οργάνωσε μια C. εκτεταμένη επιχείρηση By Mr. George-Sp. ATHANASOPOULOS βοηθείας. Προέτρεπε τους πιστούς να μιμηθούν ΧριHarvard University, Graduate School of Design, τον Student, By Mr. George-Sp. ATHANASSOPOULOS στό και να επισκέπτονται τους C. ασθενείς. Μπροστά σε Architect Student of the School of Architecture αυτή την θανατηφόρα επιδημία οι Χριστιανοί της Technical University ofτους, Crete Αλεξάνδρειας έφεραν εις πέρας την αποστολή φροντίζοντας τα θύματά της και νοσηλεύοντάς τα, απο1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept καθιστώντας την υγεία ορισμένων. Φρόντισαν επίσης τα 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek που philosopher, (444 BC - 370μεBC, Athens), σώματα εκείνων υπέκυψαν στη νόσο, το να πλένANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the ουν, να μυρώνουν και να τα ενταφιάζουν. Περιγράφονamong other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. τας την προσπάθεια αυτή ο Διονύσιος αντιδιαστέλλει acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition of the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if not final, approach, the term την συμπεριφορά από approach, εκείνη τωνthe ειδω1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle”των inindicated a Χριστιανών first, if (in notthe final, term gentrification) is area of Planning) (or gentrification λολατρών, που έδιωχναν τους (in ασθενείς-συγγενείς τους 1 (and urban gentrification gentrification) indicated thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal (in various από τα σπίτιαofτους και άφηναν άθαπτα τα σώματά τους Sociology as well), as the “refining” a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, 36. φοβούμενοι μόλυνσηand ways), of social groups, usually of την low-income thethis placement of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”,there regardless of Τον τέταρτο etc. αιώνα οι Έλληνες Πατέρες, ύμνησανof the operation of art galleries, restaurants, However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the την φροντίδα ασθενών μέσα of από τα prices έργα τους. whatever otherspeculation). consequences has,των results also rising land (and Σε the potential relative δύο ομιλίες του ο Γρηγόριος Νύσσης περιορίζει το θέμα potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to της ομιλίας του στηνinπεριποίηση των1960s ασθενών. ΑναφέThe term gentrification found atpeople first the UK in early and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor ρει πως αφού στερήθηκαν τις δυνάμεις τους και δεν the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old residents areof μπορούν να αυτοεξυπηρετηθούν πρέπει οι Χριστιανοί London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residentsνα are being indirectly “squeezed”. 37. Ο Γρηγόριος ανύανοίξουν σ’ αυτούς τις καρδιές τους being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth ψωσε την περίθαλψη των in ασθενών θέμα A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included the recorded workσε of κεντρικό Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar were in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major της χριστιανικής αγωγής. cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. Στο κήρυγμά τουseveral περί φιλανθρωπίας, ο Γρηγόριος Since then, the issue has preoccupied scholars and for its more Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more ο Θεολόγος έδωσεsummarized έμφαση στηνbelow, φροντίδα των ασθενών. comprehensive approach are being from the various comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the Ποιος αληθινός χριστιανός συμμεριζόμενοςvarious την interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: interpretations theπνευματική phenomenon of gentrification, thecategory following: και γενναιοδωρία του Θεού μπορούσε In a sense, theof phenomenon is due toυλική a trend of a new of social groups να αδιαφορήσει γιαfor τους ασθενείς; to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus several reasons: high costs in money Και ο Άγιος Βασίλειος, Καισαρείας, and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, whereεπίσκοπος work place is, lack of the 1. The term comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth GLASS wasμε born δίδαξε την ανάγκηoutside φροντίδας των ασθενών τοin sense of safety at the distributed residencies town centres, search for better Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: 38 παράδειγμά του, “at διακονώντας τους services of health, education, entertainment the heart of the city”,ασθενείς (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where μιμούμενος τον Χριστό. studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying Συνεχίζεται… her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: 36 G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. toΕυσεβίου, achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually «Εκκλησιαστική Ιστορία», 7, 22. 1-11. 37 38
Γρηγορίου Νύσσης, «Pauperibus», Oratio 1. 145 2521 11 Γρηγορίου Θεολόγου, «De paupeum amando», PG 864.