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Η σημασία της διδασκαλίας GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, του μαθήματος των Αρχαίων Ελληνικών Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Της κυρίας Δέσπ. ΚΩΝΣΤΑΝΤΙΝΙΔΗ Concerns Φιλολόγου, Μ. Sc. στην Κλασική Φιλολογία Υποψηφ. Διδάκτορος, Πανεπ. ΝΕΑΠΟΛΙΣ, Πάφος
By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Αρχαία ελληνικά: το μάθημα που καταργεί σύνορα Student of the School of Architecture Το θέμα δεν είναι ιδεολογικό, ούτε πολιτικό, αλλά πολιτισμικό. Σε Technical University of Crete
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αρκετές χώρες, όπως στη Γαλλία, στο πλαίσιο της μεταρρύθμισης στην 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept Παιδεία και εν όψει της εφαρμογής νέου Προγράμματος Σπουδών στη 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC - 370 Athens), Σχολική Εκπαίδευση, οι μαθητές δύνανται να επιλέγουν τηνBC, εκμάθηση ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the της αρχαίας ελληνικής γλώσσας. τάση τηςa great αξιοποίησης των among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition heΗestablished acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content of“principle”: concepts. the λατινικών και αρχαίων ελληνικών σχολεία, λόγω της of πολιτισμικής acquisition of knowledge starts with theστα the content concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” indefinition a first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 βαρύτητάς τους διαφαίνεται και στην πολιτική ενίσχυσης Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the της term (and urban gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom areathis, ofΥπουργείου Planning) (or διδασκαλίας των μαθημάτων εκtheμέρους του Sociology as well), as the “refining” of aαυτών cityisarea, removal (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Παιδείας της Γαλλίας. ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, of low-income and thethis placement of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”,there regardless of Επιπλέον, η usually διδασκαλία των αρχαίων ελληνικών the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising του of land prices (and και theof πραγματοποιείται σε εκπαιδευτικές μονάδες εξωτερικού whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative μάλιστα σε πλείστες βαθμίδες, μεταξύ άλλων, στα Λύκεια Κλασικής potential relative speculation). The term gentrification found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to Παιδείας στην Ιταλία, isσε Λύκεια καιin the Πανεπιστήμια στη and Ρωσία, σεto The term gentrification found atpeople first UK in early 1960s refers the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor itareas of εκπαιδευτικά ιδρύματα στο Βέλγιο, στην Ισπανία, στη Νορβηγία, στην the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old residents areof Κίνα (ωςupgrade μάθημα επιλογής), στη Γερμανία (ως υποχρεωτικό μάθημα). London, them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”. Σε Πανεπιστήμια στην Αμερική κείμενα της αρχαίας ελληνικής A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included in the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth γραμματείας, όπως του ΠΛΑΤΩΝΑ, του ΘΟΥΚΥΔΙΔΗ, των GLASS at the same while similar were in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by otherαποτελούν Researchers.σημείο αναφοράς για Τέχνες Προσωκρατικών Φιλοσόφων cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more και Επιστήμες. Since then, the issue has preoccupied several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach are being summarized from Ενώ, λοιπόν, τα αρχαία ελληνικά διδάσκονται σε χώρες του comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: εξωτερικού, σταthe καθ΄ημάς υπάρχει μία τάση the αποστροφής προς την interpretations phenomenon following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new category of social groups κλασική παιδεία και ελλοχεύει ο κίνδυνος «συρρίκνωσης» του to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money συγκεκριμένου and time to travel μαθήματος. from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the Η συνήθης ρήση «ταresidencies αρχαία ελληνικά νεκρή The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth GLASSγλώσσα» wasbetter born in sense1.of safety the distributed outside townείναι centres, search for Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: διαχέεται συχνάeducation, από τουςentertainment πολέμιους της αυτή η services of health, “atαρχαίας the heartελληνικής, of the city”,κι (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc.where φράση έχει ειπωθεί πλειστάκις αγνοώντας παντελώς ότι η παγκόσμια studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back to London, in 1943 she published studies regarding city planning. In 1950 she became teacher in the According to another approach, the phenomenon is due to a systematic and διανόηση και πνευματική πορεία στηρίζονται στον αρχαίο ελληνικό University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying πολιτισμό. Χάρη στους Αρχαίους Έλληνες, Ανθρωπότητα her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINSηENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling real estate, etc., for the depreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. COLLINS SONS AND Co Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Encyclopedia: κληροδότησε έργα με διαχρονική αξία ως «κτῆμα ἐς ἀεί». Free Ποίος μπορεί G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually να αμφισβητήσει, ότι η Πλατωνική και Αριστοτελική φιλοσοφική
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
διδαχή, η πολιτική σκέψη του ΘΟΥΚΥΔΙΔΗ αποτέλεσαν πυλώνες προόδου για την πνευματική εξέλιξη, όχι μόνο του ελληνικού πολιτισμού, αλλά και ολόκληρης της οικουμένης; Από τις απαρχές των πρώτων χρόνων της σύστασης του ελληνικού Κράτους λειτούργησαν ως βάση θεωριών για το πλέγμα των γενικών συνταγματικών αρχών, ενώ σε διεθνές επίπεδο τα κείμενα του ΠΛΑΤΩΝΑ και του ΑΡΙΣΤΟΤΕΛΗ Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS επέδρασαν στον παγκόσμιο ιστό By σκέψης. Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, Οι βασικές αρχές της Δημοκρατίας, της Ελευθερίας, της By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Ισονομίας-Ισότητας που διέπουν π.χ. τονStudent “Επιτάφιο” του ΘΟΥΚΥΔΙΔΗ, of the School of Architecture όπως εκτυλίσσονται μέσα από τον λόγο του Technical ΠΕΡΙΚΛΗ, αποτέλεσαν University of Crete αιτήματα Ανθρώπων, Κοινωνιών και Λαών. Αυτά τα αιτήματα είχαν 1. Introductory approach:του Defining the concept υιοθετήσει οι Στοχαστές Ευρωπαϊκού Διαφωτισμού, αυτές οι αρχές 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, αποτέλεσαν την σπονδυλική στήλη της Γαλλικής Επανάστασης, από ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left he established a great the αυτές τις ιδέες επηρεάστηκαν οιus, Έλληνες και έθεσαν τις βάσεις για την among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. έκρηξη της of ελληνικής επανάστασης το έτος 1821. acquisition knowledge starts with thein definition the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term Είναιtherefore, δυνατόν να γίνεται λόγος γιαthe μια νεκρή γλώσσα, 1 (and urban Based, onλοιπόν this “principle” inindicated a first, if (in not final, approach, the term gentrification) is area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 όταν οι Αρχαίοι Έλληνες Φιλόσοφοι άφησαν το στίγμα τους στο όχημα gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal (in various σημασιοδóτησης πανανθρώπινων εννοιών, όπως του ανθρωπισμού; Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, usually of low-income thethis placement of artists, Είναι δυνατόν να μη ληφθεί υπόψη, ότιHowever η and καθολική έννοιαthere του χρέους, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences results rising of land prices (andπου theof όπως τονίζεται π.χ. στους has, “Επτά επίalso Θηβας” του ΑΙΣΧΥΛΟΥ whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results alsoγια rising land αποτελεί prices (andκαι the potential relative αντικατοπτρίζει την ευθύνη των Πολιτών τα of κοινά, potential relative speculation). The term gentrification found atστον first in the UK in early 1960sτης andΠαιδείας: it refers to σήμερα έναν θεμελιώδηisαρωγό πρωταρχικό σκοπό The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor να τουςtrend πολίτεςwealthy ενεργούς; theκαταστήσει then observed people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes and thus old residents areof Πώςupgrade πρόκειται φθαρμένο, ότανthere οι ρίζες τουoldπολιτισμού London, them,για stayκάτι themselves sometimes and thus residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. μας εντοπίζονται στον αρχαίο ελληνικό και στα αρχαία being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included στοχασμό in the work of Sociologist Ruth ελληνικά ιδεώδη; Κάτι τέτοιο θα σήμαινε συναίνεση μεofτην A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in παραδοχή, other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major ότι η πνευματική μαςby other κοιτίδα δεν συνδέεται με την υπόλοιπη cities in Western countries, Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more οικουμένη. Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach are being summarized from Η γενική θεώρηση της παιδείας σε below, μικρό αρχαιοελληνικό comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: κάτοπτρο interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of aΠαιδεία new of social groups Οι Αρχαίοι Έλληνες κατανόησαν την και την Αγωγή ως to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money το μέσο που θα υποβοηθήσει τον νέο Άνθρωπο, αφού πρώτιστα and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the γνωρίσει τον εαυτό του residencies να Ruth αναπτύξει και τελειοποιήσει τιςin 1.of The term from Sociologist GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth GLASS for wasbetter born sense safety atcomes the distributed outside townνα centres, search Berlin, where sheτου, madeνα her τις first εμπιστευτεί studies. In 1932 και she published an important study entitled: δυνατότητές να τις αξιοποιήσει. Με την services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for Παιδεία, δηλαδή, τίθεται ενέργεια ηand λειτουργία, που βοηθήσει lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private car access to markets, etc.τον studies and research Geneva,σε Prague, London Neweasier York she cameθα back to London, where in According 1943 sheνα published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. του In 1950 sheto became teacher in the Άνθρωπο αναπτύξει την προσωπικότητά ώστε να φέρνει to another approach, the isούτως due a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying εις πέρας το έργο του και να φθάνει στην ενδελέχεια. Δεν είδαν την her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. The Free Encyclopedia: Παιδεία ως μέσο etc., ανάδειξης Ανθρώπου σεWIKIPEDIA: αντίτυπο υφισταμένων Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: Abstract. http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm aκαταστάσεων, variety of ways, in order to achieve the “assisted”, (actually αλλά ως όχημα, που κινείται σε μια“voluntary”, τροχιά εξέλιξης και 147 2521 11
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
γνώσης ιδιαιτεροτήτων, αλλά και εμπιστοσύνης στις ίδιες του τις δυνάμεις. Αυτή ακριβώς η προοπτική της Παιδείας παραμένει διαχρονική: η προοπτική της ολοκλήρωσης του Ανθρώπου ως προσωπικότητας, υπό το πρίσμα του να γνωρίζει κανείς τον εαυτό του, να συνειδητοποιεί τις δυνάμεις του, να αυτοβεβαιώνεται και να οδηγείται στην ολοκλήρωση, κινούμενος σε τροχιά της ζωής, που είναι By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS διαρκώς κινούμενη και καθόλου στατική. Harvard University, Graduate School Design, Student, Οι κύριες Αριστοτέλειες βάσεις για μια αγαθή καιofευδαίμονα ζωή By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect είναι η Παιδεία και η Αρετή. Student of the School of Architecture Η αρχαία ελληνική Παιδεία αποτελεί τη διώρυγα διεύρυνσης Technicalτης University of Crete του πνευματικού μας κόσμου σε επίπεδο χώρου, χρόνου και βάθους της 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept πραγματικότητας.
1. Introductory approach: the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among ΧΩΡΟΣ other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. Ο πνευματικός ορίζοντας επίthe παντός επιστητού. acquisition of knowledge starts withδιευρύνεται theindefinition content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term ΧΡΟΝΟΣ 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban Η διεύρυνση του ορίζοντα με παρελθόν, για gentrification gentrification) indicated (inτο thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of aγίνεται cityisarea, theβάση removal (inόχι various αυτή καθ’ εαυτή τη διεύρυνση, αλλά χάριν μελέτης των λύσεων, που Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), ofοιsocial groups, usually of low-income andδιάφορα thethis placement there of artists, έδιναν Άνθρωποι στο παρελθόν στα ζητήματα, που the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof προέκυπταν. whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative ΒΑΘΟΣ potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found first in των the UK in early 1960s and it refers to Η εμβάθυνση οδηγεί στηνatουσία πραγμάτων. The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor Συμβολή στην κατανόηση μαθημάτων θετικών επιστημών the then observed trend wealthy people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes and thus old residents areof Η upgrade εξοικείωση με themselves τον αρχαίο ελληνικό πολιτισμό London, them, stay sometimes there and thus oldπροσφέρει residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. πληρέστερη βαθύτερη κατανόηση μαθημάτων των θετικών being indirectlyκαι “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth επιστημών. αυτό γιατί συνεισφορά Αρχαίων Ελλήνων και A description of this phenomenon is situations includedτων inwere the work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at theΚαι same period, whileη similar recorded in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major στις Θετικές Επιστήμες είναι από τα πολυτιμότερα και σημαντικότερα cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. Since then,περιουσιακά the issue has preoccupied severalαναφέρουμε scholars andτα forεξής: its more πολιτισμικά στοιχεία. Συνοπτικά Since then, the issue has several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized from comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon ΜΑΘΗΜΑΤΙΚΑ of gentrification, the following: ΦΥΣΙΚΗ, ΑΣΤΡΟΝΟΜΙΑ, interpretations the phenomenon gentrification, thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof to a trend of a new Οι νόμοι της φύσης ερευνήθηκαν διεξοδικάof social από groups τους to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money Προσωκρατικούς Φιλοσόφους1: από τον ΘΑΛΗ τον Μιλήσιο, τον and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the ΑΝΑΞΙΜΑΝΔΡΟ, ΑΝΑΞΙΜΕΝΗ, ΗΡΑΚΛΕΙΤΟ, τονsearch ΠΑΡΜΕΝΙΔΗ. 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruthτον GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth GLASS wasbetter born in sense safety theτον distributed residencies outside town centres, for Berlin, where she made her first studies. Πυθαγόρειο In 1932 she published an important study entitled: Εκτός από το ευρέως γνωστό θεώρημα, στα έργα του services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and 1 University College of London, where continued her social research.Χαρακτηριστικὰ Her public and Βλ.informal και H.F.CHERNISS: Οἱsheπροσωκρατικοί φιλόσοφοι: καὶ long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers ofaction buying her work areΠαλίμψηστον, characterized by a(1992), passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. ἐπιδράσεις: 12for 29-65. Βλ. και Θ.ΒΕΙΚΟΥ: Προσωκρατικοί: Αθήνα, and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., theCodepreciation initially of Οι part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: 1995. Βλ. και G.LEGRAND: Η σκέψη των προσωκρατικών, Μετάφρ. Α.ΒΕΛΙΟΣ: Σκέψη και G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually
148
Τέχνη, 1 (1985).
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
ΠΛΑΤΩΝΑ ξεχωριστή θέση έχουν τα μαθηματικά, ενώ η επιστημονική μεθοδολογική θεώρηση απέκτησε νόημα χάρη στον ΑΡΙΣΤΟΤΕΛΗ2. Επιπροσθέτως, κανείς δεν μπορεί να αμφισβητήσει τις μετεωρολογικές και αστρονομικές πτυχές στα «Φαινόμενα» του ΆΡΑΤΟΥ, τις συμπαντικές θεωρίες περί σφαιρικότητας της γης που διατυπώθηκαν για παράδειγμα από τον ΠΥΘΑΓΟΡΑ, τον ΙΚΕΤΑ, τον ΈΚΦΑΝΤΟ, τη By Mr. George-Sp. C.3ATHANASOPOULOS . θεωρία περί ηλιοκεντρικού μοντέλου του ΠΛΑΤΩΝΑ 4 Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, έκαναν Οι φιλόσοφοι ΛΕΥΚΙΠΠΟΣ, ΔΗΜΟΚΡΙΤΟΣ, ΕΠΙΚΟΥΡΟΣ By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect λόγο για τα μικροσκοπικά αδιαίρετα κομμάτια της ύλης, τα άτομα, που Student of the School of Architecture παράγουν τους σχηματισμούς της φύσης, ενώTechnical η αρχήUniversity της μελέτης of Crete μηχανικών κατασκευών και τεχνικών εφευρέσεων οφείλει πολλά στον 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept Ακόμη και στον τομέα μαθηματικό, φυσικό και μηχανικό ΑΡΧΙΜΗΔΗ. 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), the ancient Greek philosopher, τηςANTISTHENIS, οπτικής, περί φωτός ασχολήθηκε ο ΠΛΑΤΩΝΑΣ, περί ακτινοβολίας ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the 5. ο ΔΗΜΟΚΡΙΤΟΣ, ενώ περί ταχύτητας φωτός ο ΕΜΠΕΔΟΚΛΗΣ
among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term ΟΙΚΟΝΟΜΙΚΑ 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and Μεasβάση τη μαθηματική μορφή των μοντέλων του gentrification urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom areaμαθηματικού of Planning) (or Sociology well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal this, (in various ΕΥΚΛΕΙΔΗ, ο οποίος έγραψε και συγγράμματα για τα οπτικά, Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, κατοπτρικά, στοιχεία της μουσικής κ.ά οι νομισματικές, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences results also rising land prices (and the δημοσιονομικές και άλλες has, αρχές ή φορείς, οι of ειδικοί δύνανται ναof whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices και (andτις the potential relative εκφράσουν τις speculation). λύσεις ισορροπίας, τις συνθήκες σταθερότητας potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found atκάθε first in the UK in early 1960s and it refersως to δυνατότητες πηδαλιούχησης οικονομικού συστήματος, The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor συναρτήσεις μικρού αριθμού εξωγενών παραμέτρων. Ακολούθως, με τοof the then observed trend wealthy people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes and thus old residents are κατάλληλο μαθηματικό ειδικοί there μπορούν να old υπολογίσουν London, upgrade them, stayλογισμικό, themselves οι sometimes and thus residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. ήbeing να κατευθύνουν ταphenomenon έσοδα και isταincluded έξοδα in των τομέων Ruth και, indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this theθεσμικών work of Sociologist άρα,Aτις καιphenomenon αγορές αγαθών και μεταξύ συναλλασσομένων description ofperiod, this is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS atπωλήσεις the same while similar in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major κρατών κατά countries, τον επόμενο χρόνο. Πιο μακροπρόθεσμες προβλέψεις cities in Western by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied otherτων Researchers. Since then, the has several scholars and for έτος its more επιτυγχάνονται μεissue επανάληψη υπολογισμών για έκαστον για Since then, the issue has several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized from comprehensive approach are being summarized from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thebelow, following: 2 interpretations the phenomenon gentrification, the following: In a sense, phenomenon is dueof to a trend of a new category of social groups Βλ. καιthe R.of A. HORNE: Aristotelian Chemistry: Chymia, 11 (1966), 21-27. to “return” to the leaving the purlieus for several reasons: costsAmbix, in money Βλ. και J. E.city, BOLZAN: Chemical Combination according to high Aristotle: 23 and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the (1976), 134-144. The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.of safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, και R.BOLTON: Form Matter andInMixture in published Aristotle: Blackwell, 1996, 183-216. Berlin,Βλ. where she made her first studies. 1932 she an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth3Unemployment. ThePlato’s same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for Βλ. και G.Vlastos: Universe: Οξφόρδη, 1975. lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access markets, etc.where 4 studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came to back to London, Βλ. και W. GUTHRIE: A History of Greek Philosophy, II: Κέιμπριτζ, 1965. in According 1943 studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and 5 she published Βλ.College και Β.ΚΑΛΦΑ: Επιστήμη και Φιλοσοφία στην αρχαία Ελλάδα: 2005. University of London, where she continued her social research. HerΑθήνα, public action and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying Ι.ΚΑΛΟΓΕΡΑΚΟΥ-Π.ΘΑΝΑΣΑ: Oι See προσωκρατικοί Ελληνική her workΒλ. are και characterized by a passion for justice. also: COLLINS φιλόσοφοι: ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling real estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. AND Ltd. London 2009. The Free Φιλοσοφία και COLLINS ΕπιστήμηSONS από την Αρχαιότητα έως τον 20οWIKIPEDIA: αιώνα: Πάτρα, 2000.Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Αρχαία ελληνικά και ειδική εκπαίδευση Concerns Έρευνες διεθνούς εμβέλειας υποστηρίζουν, ότι η μελέτη των
το οποίο υπάρχουν ή έχουν γίνει υποθέσεις ή προβολές ως προς τις ισχύουσες εξωγενείς μεταβλητές6.
αρχαίων ελληνικών αναπρογραμματίζει τον εγκέφαλο δυσλεκτικών By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS παιδιών. Οι θεωρίες αυτές βασίζονται σε επιστημονικά αποτελέσματα Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, με άξονα τη θεωρία του HAVELOCK και τεκμηριώνονται χάρη σε By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect μετρήσιμους δείκτες της λεκτικής νοημοσύνης και της αφαιρετικής Student of the School of Architecture 7. σκέψης με τεχνικές που επιταχύνθηκαν σε δυσλεκτικά παιδιά Technical University of Crete
1. Introductory approach: Defining the conceptπροσεγγίσεων Θετικά αποτελέσματα των διδακτικών 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the θεωρητικές ancient Greekπροσεγγίσεις philosopher, Πέραν από τις του θέματος, κατά τις ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established οποίες έχουν ήδη ειπωθεί πολλά κατά καιρούς,a great μπορεί κάποιος the να among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. εστιάσει και στα θετικά αποτελέσματα που επιφέρουν οι διδακτικές acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term προσεγγίσεις. Η μεθοδολογία της διδασκαλίας των αρχαίων ελληνικών 1 (and Based, therefore, on this “principle” inindicated a first, if (in not final, approach, the term urban gentrification) is the area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 συνεπάγεται μια μαθησιακή διαδικασία που οδηγεί στην ανάπτυξη gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal (in various πολλαπλών δυνατοτήτων του μαθητή, αλλά και στην καλλιέργεια της Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andσυντακτικού-γραμματικής, thethis placement of artists, κριτικής του σκέψης. Με ασκήσεις the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”,there regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land οprices (and theof χρονικών-εγκλιτικών αντικαταστάσεων ρημάτων, σύγχρονος whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, resultsκαι alsoνα rising of land (and the potential relative Εκπαιδευτικός καλείται να οργανώσει διδάξει το prices μάθημά του potential relative speculation). Theμια term gentrification is found at τόσο first inτης the γνώσης, UK in early 1960s refers to προς κατεύθυνση ενίσχυσης, όσο και and τηςitκριτικής The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor σκέψης των μαθητών. Θέτοντας ενέργεια τη property μέθοδο της επαγωγής the then observed trend wealthyσε people to there buy in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes and thus old residents areof και τους μηχανισμούς της αφαιρετικής σκέψης, ασκήσεις London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus οι old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. μετάφρασης αδίδακτων κειμένων και μετατροπής φράσεων από την being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth αρχαία στη ελληνική, χάρη στην αναλογική προσέγγιση καιmajor στη A description of this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the νέα same period, while similar in other GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major συλλογιστική με by επαγωγικούς και παραγωγικούς συλλογισμούς, cities in Westernσκέψη countries, other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more αποτελούν ασκήσεις σχεδόν μαθηματικές. Since then, the issue has several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized from comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of περαιτέρω the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: Αφετηρία σκέψεων interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In aΕν sense, theof phenomenon dueof togentrification, a trend of a new social groups τέλει, ένα τέτοιο is μάθημα, που αντίστοιχό του ofδεν υπάρχει, to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money γιατί να μην υπερτερεί, ή έστω να ευρίσκεται στην ίδια μοίρα με τη and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the στεγνή διδαχή φυσικής, την απρόσωπη γνώση 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth GLASS χημικών wasbetter born in sense safety theκανόνων distributed residencies outside town centres, search for Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 sheεξισώσεων; published an important study entitled: τύπων, ή την υπερανάλυση μαθηματικών services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying 6 her work areκαι characterized by aΕυκλείδεια passion for Οικονομικά: justice. See also: COLLINS DICTIONARY. Βλ. Σ.ΜΙΧΑΗΛΙΔΗ: Κύπρος, 2006.ENGLISH and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: 7 Βλ. και https://www.ipaideia.gr/paidagogika-themata/i-meleti-ton-arxaionG. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually
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