E¶.A¶. A¶.TO¶. TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP.AN. AN./ R.DEC. / R.DEC.ADM. ADM.LOC. LOC.DEV. DEV.REG. REG./ R. / R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC.GOV. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. DEV. E¶.
GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, ΒΙΒΛΙΚΑ ΠΡΟΣΩΠΑ ΣΤΟ ΚΟΡΑΝΙΟ Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Της κυρίας Αφροδ. ΚΟΥΤΡΟΥΜΠΕΛΗ Concerns Δρος Θρησκειολογίας, Πανεπιστήμιο ΝΕΑΠΟΛΙΣ, Πάφος
By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, Α. ΕΙΣΑΓΩΓΗ By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Όπως όλες οι θρησκείες στον κόσμο,Student έτσι και το School Ισλάμ έχει το δικό of the of Architecture πιστεύουν ότι του «Ιερό Βιβλίο», το Κοράνι ή Κοράνιο1. Οι μουσουλμάνοι Technical University of Crete
μέσα στο Κοράνι διατυπώνεται ο λόγος του Θεού και καταγράφεται η 1. Introductory Defining the concept αποκάλυψή του approach: στο ανθρώπινο γένος έτσι όπως μεταδόθηκε από τον 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, ancient GreekΜωάμεθ. philosopher, αρχάγγελο Γαβριήλthe στον προφήτη Υποστηρίζουν, επίσης, ότι η ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BCτου -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the αποκάλυψη του Κορανίου ήταν το μεγαλύτερο θαύμα Μωάμεθ και among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. θεωρούν πως αποτελεί την καλύτερη απόδειξη ότι είναι αληθινός acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition of the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if not final, approach, the term προφήτης. Ως «αληθινός» προφήτης, μάλιστα, αυτός που μετέδωσε 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, ifήταν notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) (in area of Planning) (or gentrification στον κόσμο 1το τελευταίο θεϊκό μήνυμα κλείνοντας τονofκύκλο των gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom area Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal this, (in various προφητών. Ο κύκλος αυτός ξεκίνησε από τον Αδάμ και ολοκληρώθηκε με Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, τον Μωάμεθ. ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”,there regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless Η πρώτη συλλογή καιhas, καταγραφή του Μωάμεθ whatever other consequences results also των risingομιλιών of land prices (and theof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also landΤαμπίτ prices (and potential relative πραγματοποιήθηκε από τον γραμματέα του rising Ζαΐδ of μπεν και the η potential relative speculation). The term foundγύρω at firstστο in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to δεύτερη απόgentrification τον χαλίφη is Οσμάν 650 μ.Χ. The term gentrificationofiswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed to buy property poor Όσον αφοράtrend τη δομή του Κορανίου, απόinin 114 κεφάλαια the then observed trend wealthy peopleαποτελείται to there buy property poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes and thus old residents areof (sura) ταupgrade οποία them, περιλαμβάνουν 6.236 στίχους (ayat). Η old διάταξη των London, stay themselves sometimes there and thus residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. κεφαλαίων δεν είναι χρονολογική αλλά τοποθετήθηκαν στο Κοράνι being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth σύμφωνα με same το ofπώς Μωάμεθ από ofτον αρχάγγελο A description this μεταδόθηκαν phenomenon is στον included inwere the recorded work Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the period, while similar situations in other major Γαβριήλ (ή Τζιμπριήλ, όπως αναφέρεται στο κείμενο). Ξεκινά με μια GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. σύντομη Εισαγωγή: «1. Στο όνομα του Αλλάχ του Παντελεήμονα, του Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more Since then, the issue has several2. scholars and for various itsστον more Πολεύσπλαχνου (Μπισμιλλάχιρραχμάνιρραχίμ). Η Δόξα ανήκει comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized below, from the comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various Αλλάχ, τον Άρχοντα όλων των κόσμων. 3. the Τονfollowing: Παντελεήμονα, τον interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, interpretations phenomenon the following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a Ημέρας trend of aτης new category social groups Πολεύσπλαχνο. 4.the Τον Ηγεμόνα της Κρίσης. 5.of Εσένα μόνο to “return” to the leaving theικετεύουμε purlieus for για several high costs money λατρεύουμε και city, Εσένα μόνο να reasons: μας παρέχεις τη in βοήθειά and to travel fromμας the στον purlieus to downtown, where workεκείνων, place is, lack the Σου.time 6. Καθοδήγησέ ορθό δρόμο. 7. Τον δρόμο πουof τους 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, χάρισες την Ευλογία Σου, όχι εκείνων που περιέπεσαν στην Οργή Σου και Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, the heart of the city”,movements (possibly) . Ταentertainment κείμενα του“atΚορανίου γράφτηκαν σε μιαfor που Youthπαραστράτησαν» Unemployment. The 2same year she left Germany and after continuous lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and 1 University College London, where she continued her social research. Her και public and Στηinformal μελέτηofαυτή χρησιμοποιούμε την έκδοση: Το Ιερό Κοράνιο μετάφραση long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers ofaction buying her Εννοιών work are Του characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. των στην Ελληνική Γλώσσα, εκδ. «Συγκρότημα βασιλιά Φάχντ για την and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for the depreciation initially ofτου part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Co Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: εκτύπωση του Ιερού Κορανίου», χ. χρ. G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually 2 Σούρα 1, 1-7, Ελ Φάτιχα- Το Εναρκτήριο, σ. 1.
117 2521 11
E¶.A¶. A¶.TO¶. TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP.AN. AN./ R.DEC. / R.DEC.ADM. ADM.LOC. LOC.DEV. DEV.REG. REG./ R. / R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC.GOV. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. DEV. E¶.
GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
πρώϊμη μορφή της αραβικής γλώσσας, την γνωστή ως «Κορανική» αρχαία γλώσσα της «Χετάζης», δηλαδή της σημερινής Σαουδικής Αραβίας. Μετά τον θάνατο του Μωάμεθ, η ισλαμική διδασκαλία ξέφυγε από τα στενά χωρικά εδάφη της Αραβίας και κατέκτησε ένα μεγάλο μέρος του γνωστού τότε ως «πολιτισμένου κόσμου». Η επεκτατική αυτή δράση είχε ως αποτέλεσμα οι Άραβες κατακτητές να έρθουν αντιμέτωποι με υπηκόους που μιλούσαν άλλες γλώσσες και ένα C. σημαντικό πρόβλημα Byπροέκυψε Mr. George-Sp. ATHANASOPOULOS επικοινωνίας. Έτσι, αναγκαστικά, η γλώσσα σημαντική Harvard University, Graduateυπέστη School ofμια Design, Student, George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS αλλαγή κατά την οποία χάθηκεByηMr.πολυπλοκότητα και το δυσνόητο Architect Student of the ότι School of το Architecture λεξιλόγιο. Αρκετοί, όμως, μουσουλμάνοι υποστηρίζουν μόνο αρχικό Technical University κείμενο του Κορανίου είναι αυθεντικό. Σύμφωνα, μάλιστα, μεof Crete την παράδοση, στη μετάφρασή του το ιερό βιβλίο δεν πρέπει να αποκαλείται 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept μονολεκτικά «Κοράνιο» αλλά να the συνοδεύεται, από 1. Introductory approach: concept (444επεξηγηματικά, ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, BC - 370 BC, Athens), επιθετικούς «το Ένδοξο», «Ευγενές» ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC,κ.λπ. Athens), among otherπροσδιορισμούς, wise heritage he όπως left us,λ.χ. he established aτο great the among wise heritage left us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the Γιαother την προέλευση του Κορανίου η ofμουσουλμανική παράδοση acquisition of knowledge startshe with the the content concepts. 3 acquisition of knowledge starts with the content ofΡαμαντάν, concepts. Based, therefore, this “principle” indefinition aΙσχύος» first, if of not final, approach, the term , the τον μήνα ο αναφέρει ότι κατάonτην «Ημέρα της 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification αρχάγγελος Γαβριήλ εμφανίστηκε στον προφήτη Μωάμεθ και άρχισε να 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), asτο theκείμενο. “refining” of a city area, the removal (in various του αποκαλύπτει Ακόμη και σήμερα, κατάfrom την this, διάρκεια του Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (inartists, various ways), of socialμια groups, of low-incomeσε andαυτό the placement there of Ραμαζανιού, μέραusually είναι αφιερωμένη το γεγονός. Την ημέρα ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.Κορανίου, However “change”, regardless of αυτή οι πιστοί μαθαίνουν, μέσω του πώς να προσεύχονται. the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the Θεωρούν ότι η consequences προσευχή πουhas, αναπέμπουν στον Αλλάχ αυτή τη(and μέρα whatever other results also rising of land prices the potential relative speculation). ισοδυναμεί με χίλιους μήνες προσευχής. Επιπλέον, κατά τη διάρκεια του potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to ίδιουThe μήνα, μελετούν το Κοράνι γι’atαυτό και τοUK κείμενο χωρισμένο σε term gentrification found first in the in earlyείναι 1960s and itareas refers the then observed trend ofiswealthy people to buy property in poor ofto 4. τριάντα (30) ίσα μέρη, όσες και οι μέρες του μήνα the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old residents areof London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there residents are Σήμερα το Κοράνι έχει μεταφραστεί σχεδόν σε and όλεςthus τιςold γλώσσες του being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”. A description this phenomenon is included in Ελλάδα the workμεταφράστηκε of Sociologist Ruth κόσμου, μεταξύ of αυτών και στην ελληνική. Στην και A description ofφορά this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same period, while similar in5,other μετάmajor από εκδόθηκε πρώτη από τον Γεράσιμο Πεντάκη το 1886 GLASS at the same period, situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, bywhile othersimilar Researchers. έγκριση του βασιλέως Γεωργίου Α΄. cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more Since then, the issue has several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized from comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various Β. ΒΙΒΛΙΚΑ ΠΡΟΣΩΠΑ ΣΤΟ of ΚΟΡΑΝΙΟ interpretations of the phenomenon gentrification, the following: interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In aΜελετώντας sense, theof phenomenon dueof togentrification, a trend of να a new social groups κανείς το isΚοράνιο μπορεί βρει πολλάofστοιχεία από to “return” toκαι the city, leaving the purlieus several high costs in money την Παλαιά Καινή Διαθήκη καθώς for επίσης καιreasons: από την ειδωλολατρική and time to των travelΑράβων from the6.purlieus to downtown, πιστεύουν where work place lack of the θρησκεία Οι μουσουλμάνοι ότι οis,προφήτης termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth3Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for Γνωστή καιof, ως“withdrawal” «Νύχτα του Πεπρωμένου». lower living cost from private car easier access to markets, etc. studies 4 and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back to London, where θέμα βλ. studies A. Halim, Fachrizal, Legal Authority in due Premodern Islam: Yahya B in According 1943Για sheτοpublished regarding city planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the phenomenon is a systematic and University College in of the London, where she her social research. Her public action and Sharaf Al- Nawawi Shafi’I School ofcontinued Law, Routledje 2014, p. 15. brokers long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying 5 her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See κειμένου also: COLLINS DICTIONARY. Κοράνιον, μεταφρασθέν εκdepreciation του αραβικού υπό ENGLISH Γερασίμου Πεντάκη, and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for the initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Co Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: εκδότης «Ανέστης Κωνσταντινίδης», εν Αθήναις 1886. G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually 6
118
Ηθική και Θρησκευτική Εγκυκλοπαίδεια, τόμος 9, στ. 118-119.
2521 11
E¶.A¶. A¶.TO¶. TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP.AN. AN./ R.DEC. / R.DEC.ADM. ADM.LOC. LOC.DEV. DEV.REG. REG./ R. / R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC.GOV. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. DEV. E¶.
GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
Μωάμεθ ανύψωσε την μορφή του παλαιού αραβικού θρησκεύματος «χωρίς αυτό να προσβάλη την αποδοχήν τών εις τας Διαθήκας αναφερομένων προσώπων»7. Στις Κορανικές διηγήσεις αναφέρονται εικοσιπέντε (25) περίπου προφήτες εκ των οποίων μάλιστα οι περισσότεροι ονομαστικά. Το γεγονός αυτό δεν προκαλεί ιδιαίτερη εντύπωση στους μουσουλμάνους από τη στιγμή που πιστεύουν ότι το George-Sp. Ισλάμ αποτελεί την αρχαιότερη By Mr. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvardκαι University, Graduate of Design, Student, θρησκεία της ανθρωπότητας προέρχεται απόSchool τον Αδάμ. Για το λόγο By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect αυτό υποστηρίζουν ότι στο Κοράνιο μπορεί να βρει κανείς τις αληθινές Student of the School of Architecture αρχικές διηγήσεις σε αντίθεση με την χριστιανική Βίβλο η οποία περιέχει Technical University of Crete τις μεταγενέστερες, αδόκιμες και αναληθείς διηγήσεις για τους προφήτες. 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept Κατά το Κοράνιο, λοιπόν, σεβαστοί προφήτες και δίκαιοι άνθρωποι 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept ANTISTHENIS, theο ancient Greekο philosopher, (444 BCο -Ισαάκ, 370 BC, Athens), θεωρούνται: ο Αδάμ, Νώε, ο Λώτ, Αβραάμ, ο Ισμαήλ, ο Δαβίδ, ο ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wiseο heritage left us, he established a great the Σολομών, ο Ιώβ, Ιακώβ, οhe Ιωσήφ, ο Μωϋσής, ο Ααρών, ο Ιωνάς, ο Ηλίας, ο among other wise heritage leftthe us, he established a great acquisition of knowledge starts with definition of theήταν, content concepts. the Ζαχαρίας, ο Ιωάννης και ο he Ιησούς: «83. Κι εκείνα ταof“principle”: επιχειρήματα acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition of the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if not final, approach, the term Μας, που δώσαμε στον Αβραάμ για (να τα μεταχειριστεί έναντι) στο λαό 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification του. Αναβιβάζομε θέσεις εκείνων που θέλομε. Βεβαίως, ο Κύριός σου είναι 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Πάνσοφος (και) Παντογνώστης. 84. σ’ αυτόν, Ισαάκ και Sociology as well), as the “refining” of aΚαι city χαρίσαμε area, fromτον this, (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement there of τον Ιακώβ και (τους δύο) τους καθοδηγήσαμε. Και πριν απ’ αυτόν ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”,there regardless of καθοδηγήσαμε το Νώε (Νώχ), κι απ’ τους απογόνους του τον Δαβίδ, τοof the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the Σολομώντα, τονspeculation). Ιώβ (Εγιούμπ),has, τονresults Ιωσήφ, τοrising Μωϋσή και τον Ααρών, whatever other consequences also of land prices (and κι the potential relative έτσι ανταμείβομε τους αγαθοεργούς. 85. Κι ο Ζαχαρίας (Ζακαρία), ο potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK early απ’ 1960s andτάξη itareas refers Ιωάννης (Γιάχια), ο Ιησούς, κι ο Ηλίας. Όλοι τουςin είναι των the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property inτην poor ofto the then observed trend of wealthy peopleκαι to there buy in ενάρετων (όσιων). 86. τον Ισμαήλ τον property Ελισαίο καιpoor τονareas Ιωνά London, upgrade them, stayΚαι themselves sometimes and thus old residents areof London, upgrade themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are (Γιούνους) και“squeezed”. τοthem, Λώτstay (Λούτ), κι όλους τους ξεχωρίσαμε πάνω απ’ όλους being indirectly being indirectly “squeezed”. 8 A description this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth . τους συγχρόνουςofτους» A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. Ι.inΒΙΒΛΙΚΑ ΠΡΟΣΩΠΑ ΠΑΛΑΙΑΣ ΔΙΑΘΗΚΗΣ ΣΤΟ ΚΟΡΑΝΙΟ cities Western countries, byΤΗΣ other Researchers. Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more 1. Ο Αδάμ. Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon gentrification, the following: Ο Αδάμ εμφανίζεται ως μιαofαπό τις πιο σημαντικές προσωπικότητες interpretations of the εκείνος phenomenon of thecategory following: InΚορανίου. a sense, theΕίναι phenomenon is dueοποίο togentrification, a trend of aεπέλεξε new of social groups του τον ο Θεός «πάνω απ’ όλο τον 9 to “return” to theχαρακτηριστικό city, leaving the purlieus for several high costs money κόσμο» . Είναι το γεγονός ότι, reasons: αν και ούτε στο in Κοράνιο and to Παράδοση travel from the to downtown, work place is, lack of the ούτεtime στην δενpurlieus αναφέρεται ο Αδάμ where ως «προφήτης», εντούτοις η 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Ισλαμική Θεολογία τον κατέταξε ήδη πολύ νωρίς στους προφήτες. Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and 7 University College of London, where she Δημοσθένους continued her social research.Ηbrokers Her public and Τίτου Κ. Κατράντζαλη (Μητρ.)Β. Μαρούδη, θέσις του Χριστού long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, ofaction buying herτης work are characterized by a passion for justice.Αθήναι See also: COLLINS DICTIONARY. και Παναγίας εις το Κοράνιον, εκδ.depreciation Αγγελάκη, 2010, 17.ENGLISH and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for the initially of σ. part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Co Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: 8 Σούρα 6, 83-86, Ελ-Εν’ άμ, Τα Ζωντανά-Τα Κοπάδια, σ. 184. G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually 9 Σούρα 3,33, Αλ Ιμράν-Ο Οίκος Ιμράν, σ. 70.
119 2521 11
E¶.A¶. A¶.TO¶. TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP.AN. AN./ R.DEC. / R.DEC.ADM. ADM.LOC. LOC.DEV. DEV.REG. REG./ R. / R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC.GOV. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. DEV. E¶.
GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
Ο Αδάμ μαζί με τον Αβραάμ αποτελούν για τον Μωάμεθ τον συνδετικό κρίκο μέσω του οποίου κατοχυρώνεται η Ισλαμική θρησκεία ως η αρχαιότερη όλων των θρησκειών στον κόσμο. «Με την ένταξη του Αδάμ στους πρώτους πιστούς και αγγελιοφόρους του Ισλάμ, η ιστορική σειρά των γεγονότων της θρησκείας επιστρέφει και το Ισλάμ καθορίζει πρώτο την Αποκάλυψη…»10. Η περιγραφή της ζωής και της συμβίωσης του Αδάμ και της Εύας By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, στον Παράδεισο παρουσιάζεται πιο συνοπτικά στο Κοράνιο σε σύγκριση By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS 11 Architect με το κείμενο της Παλαιάς Διαθήκης . Όπως στην Παλαιά Διαθήκη έτσι Student of the School of Architecture Technical University of Crete
10
Dr. Thomasapproach: Schirrmmacher, Κοράνιο Βίβλος. Οι μεγαλύτερες θρησκείες σε 1. Introductory Defining theκαι concept σύγκριση, εκδ. «Πέργαμος», Αθήνα 2018, σ. 134. 1. Introductory approach: the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, 11 Γέν 2, «15 Καὶ ἔλαβε Κύριος Greek ὁ Θεὸς philosopher, τὸν ἄνθρωπον, ὃν ἔπλασε, καὶBC, ἔθετο αὐτὸν ANTISTHENIS, the ancient BC -“principle”: 370 Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the ἐν τῷ παραδείσῳ τῆς τρυφῆς, ἐργάζεσθαι αὐτὸν καὶ φυλάσσειν. 16 καὶ ἐνετείλατο Κύριος among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. ὁ Θεὸς τῷ ᾿Αδὰμ λέγων· ἀπὸ παντὸς ξύλου τοῦ ἐν τῷ παραδείσῳ βρώσει φαγῇ, 17 ἀπὸ δὲ acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition of the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if not final, approach, the term τοῦ ξύλου τοῦ1 γινώσκειν καλὸν καὶ πονηρόν, οὐ φάγεσθε ἀπ᾿ αὐτοῦ· ᾗ δ᾿ ἂν ἡμέρᾳ Based, therefore, on this “principle” is in a first, if (in not final, approach, the term (and urban gentrification) area Planning) (or gentrification φάγητε ἀπ᾿ αὐτοῦ, θανάτῳ ἀποθανεῖσθε. 18 Καὶindicated εἶπε Κύριος ὁthe Θεός· οὐofκαλὸν εἶναι τὸν 1 (and gentrification urban gentrification) isarea, indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city the removal (in various ἄνθρωπον μόνον· ποιήσωμεν αὐτῷ βοηθὸν κατ᾿ αὐτόν. 19 καὶ ἔπλασεν ὁ Θεὸς ἔτι ἐκ τῆς Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually low-income and placement there αὐτὰ of artists, γῆς πάντα τὰ θηρία τοῦ ἀγροῦ καὶof πάντα τὰ πετεινὰ τοῦthe οὐρανοῦ καὶ ἤγαγεν πρὸς ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”, regardless of τὸν ᾿Αδάμ, ἰδεῖν τί καλέσει αὐτά. καὶ πᾶν ὃ ἐὰν ἐκάλεσεν αὐτὸ ᾿Αδὰμ ψυχὴν ζῶσαν, τοῦτο the operation ofconsequences art galleries, restaurants, etc.also However this “change”, regardless of whatever other has, results rising of land prices (and the ὄνομα αὐτῷ. 20 καὶ ἐκάλεσεν ᾿Αδὰμ ὀνόματα πᾶσι τοῖς κτήνεσι καὶ πᾶσι τοῖς πετεινοῖς whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative speculation). τοῦ οὐρανοῦ καὶ πᾶσι τοῖς θηρίοις τοῦ ἀγροῦ· τῷ δὲ ᾿Αδὰμ οὐχ εὑρέθη βοηθὸς ὅμοιος potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at ἐπὶ firstτὸν in the UKκαὶ in ὕπνωσε· early 1960s it refers to αὐτῷ. 21 καὶ ἐπέβαλεν ὁ Θεὸς ἔκστασιν ᾿Αδάμ, καὶ and ἔλαβε μίαν τῶν The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas of πλευρῶν αὐτοῦ καὶ ἀνεπλήρωσε σάρκα ἀντ᾿ αὐτῆς. 22 καὶ ᾠκοδόμησεν ὁ Θεὸς τὴνto the then of wealthy people to there buyαὐτὴν property in poor London, upgrade stay᾿Αδάμ, themselves sometimes and thus residents πλευράν, ἣνobserved ἔλαβενthem, ἀπὸtrend τοῦ εἰς γυναῖκα καὶ ἤγαγεν πρὸς old τὸν ᾿Αδάμ.areas 23 are καὶof London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. εἶπεν ᾿Αδάμ· τοῦτο νῦν ὀστοῦν ἐκ τῶν ὀστέων μου καὶ σὰρξ ἐκ τῆς σαρκός μου· αὕτη being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the ofτούτου Sociologist Ruth κληθήσεται γυνή, ὅτι ἐκ τοῦ ἀνδρὸς αὐτῆς ἐλήφθη αὕτη· 24work ἕνεκεν καταλείψει A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work ofπρὸς Sociologist Ruth GLASS atτὸν theπατέρα same while in other major ἄνθρωπος αὐτοῦ καὶ τὴνsimilar μητέρα καὶ προσκολληθήσεται τὴν γυναῖκα GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities Western otherμίαν. Researchers. αὐτοῦ,inκαὶ ἔσονταιcountries, οἱ δύο εἰςby σάρκα 25 καὶ ἦσαν οἱ δύο γυμνοί, ὅ τε ᾿Αδὰμ καὶ ἡ cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more γυνὴ αὐτοῦ, καὶ οὐκ ᾐσχύνοντο. Since issueἦνhas several scholars and for its Κεφ. then, 3. 1.Ὁ the δὲ ὄφις φρονιμώτατος πάντων τῶν below, θηρίων τῶν ἐπὶthe τῆςvarious γῆς,more ὧν comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized from comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various ἐποίησε Κύριος ὁof Θεός. καὶ εἶπεν ὁ ὄφιςofτῇgentrification, γυναικί· τί ὅτι εἶπεν ὁ Θεός, οὐ μὴ φάγητε ἀπὸ interpretations the phenomenon the following: interpretations the phenomenon of the following: παντὸς παραδείσου; 2 is καὶdue εἶπεν γυνὴ τῷ ἀπὸ καρποῦ ξύλου τοῦ In a ξύλου sense,τοῦ theof phenomenon togentrification, aἡ trend of aὄφει· new category of τοῦ social groups παραδείσου φαγούμεθα, 3 ἀπὸ δὲ τοῦ καρποῦ τοῦ ξύλου, ὅ ἐστιν ἐν μέσῳ τοῦ to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money παραδείσου, εἶπεν ὁ Θεός, οὐ φάγεσθε ἀπ᾿ αὐτοῦ, οὐ δὲ μὴ ἅψησθε αὐτοῦ, ἵνα μὴ and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the ἀποθάνητε. 4 καὶ εἶπεν ὁ ὄφις τῇ γυναικί· οὐ θανάτῳ ἀποθανεῖσθε· 5 ᾔδει γὰρ ὁ Θεός, ὅτι 1. The term comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth GLASS was born sense of safety at the distributed residencies outside town centres, search for betterin where she made her firstδιανοιχθήσονται studies. In 1932 she an important study ᾗBerlin, ἂν ἡμέρᾳ φάγητε ἀπ᾿ αὐτοῦ, ὑμῶν οἱ heart ὀφθαλμοὶ καὶcity”, ἔσεσθε ὡςentitled: θεοί, services of health, education, entertainment “at published the of the (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for γινώσκοντες καλὸν καὶ πονηρόν. 6 καὶ εἶδεν ἡ γυνή, ὅτι καλὸν τὸ ξύλον εἰς βρῶσιν καὶ ὅτι lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, ἀρεστὸν ὀφθαλμοῖς ἰδεῖν καὶ ὡραῖόν ἐστι τοῦ κατανοῆσαι, καὶ ἀπὸ in τοῦ in According 1943 τοῖς she published studies regarding city planning. In 1950 she teacher the to another approach, the phenomenon is due tobecame aλαβοῦσα systematic and University College of London, where she τῷ continued her social Her and καρποῦ αὐτοῦ ἔφαγε· καὶ ἔδωκε καὶ ἀνδρὶ αὐτῆς μετ᾿research. αὐτῆς, brokers καὶ public ἔφαγον. 7 καὶ long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, ofaction buying her work are characterized a passion forἔγνωσαν justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. διηνοίχθησαν οἱ estate, ὀφθαλμοὶby τῶν δύο, καὶ ὅτι γυμνοὶ καὶ ἔρραψαν φύλλα and selling real for theCodepreciation initially ofἦσαν, part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. COLLINS etc., SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: συκῆς καὶ ἐποίησαν ἑαυτοῖς περιζώματα. 8 Καὶ ἤκουσαν τῆς φωνῆς Κυρίου τοῦ Θεοῦ G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually
120
περιπατοῦντος ἐν τῷ παραδείσῳ τὸ δειλινόν, καὶ ἐκρύβησαν ὅ τε ᾿Αδὰμ καὶ ἡ γυνὴ αὐτοῦ 2521 11
E¶.A¶. A¶.TO¶. TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP.AN. AN./ R.DEC. / R.DEC.ADM. ADM.LOC. LOC.DEV. DEV.REG. REG./ R. / R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC.GOV. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. DEV. E¶.
GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
και στο Κοράνιο, ο Αδάμ είναι ο προπάτορας ολόκληρου του ανθρώπινου γένους: «Ω! Άνθρωποι! Σεβαστείτε τον Κύριό σας, που σας δημιούργησε από μια και μόνο ψυχή (Αδάμ), κι απ’ αυτή έπλασε τη σύντροφό της (Εύα) κι απ’ αυτούς τους δύο σκόρπισε- σαν σπόρους- αμέτρητους άντρες και γυναίκες. Να σέβεστε τον Αλλάχ, που τ’ όνομά Του αναφέρεται στ’ αμοιβαία σας δίκαια αιτήματα, και σεβαστείτε τη συγγένεια μεταξύ σας. Σούρες 15 και 38 Γιατί ο Αλλάχ πάντοτε αγρυπνάBy πάνω σας»12. Στις Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS γίνεται περιγραφή της δημιουργίας του Αδάμ: «ΚαιSchool πλάσαμε τον άνθρωπο Harvard University, Graduate of Design, Student, 13, «71. Byλάσπη Mr. George-Sp. ATHANASSOPOULOS Κοίτα από άργιλο στεγνό (ηχηρό) και από που δίνειC.μορφή» Architect the School Architecture όταν ο Κύριός σου είπε στους αγγέλους: Student «Είμαι ofέτοιμος να of πλάσω τον Technical University of Crete άνθρωπο από λάσπη. 72. «Όταν του δώσω το (ολοκληρωμένο) του σχήμα, 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept 1. Introductory approach: the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the ἀπὸ προσώπου Κυρίου τοῦ Θεοῦ ἐν μέσῳ τοῦ ξύλου τοῦ παραδείσου. 9 καὶ ἐκάλεσε among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. Κύριος ὁ Θεὸς τὸν ᾿Αδὰμ καὶ εἶπεν αὐτῷ· ᾿Αδάμ, ποῦ εἶ; 10 καὶ εἶπεν αὐτῷ· τῆς φωνῆς acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition of the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if not final, approach, the term σου ἤκουσα περιπατοῦντος ἐν τῷ παραδείσῳ καὶ ἐφοβήθην, ὅτι γυμνός εἰμι, καὶ 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term urban gentrification) area ofἀπὸ Planning) (or gentrification ἐκρύβην. 11 καὶ (and εἶπεν αὐτῷ ὁ Θεός· τίς ἀνήγγειλέ σοι ὅτι γυμνὸς εἶ, εἰ μὴ τοῦ ξύλου, 1 (and urban gentrification) gentrification isarea, indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city the removal (in various οὗ ἐνετειλάμην σοι τούτου μόνου μὴ φαγεῖν, ἀπ᾿ αὐτοῦ ἔφαγες; 12 καὶ εἶπεν ὁ ᾿Αδάμ· ἡ Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), ofἔδωκας social groups, usually placement there13ofκαὶ artists, γυνή, ἣν μετ᾿ ἐμοῦ, αὕτη of μοιlow-income ἔδωκεν ἀπὸand τοῦthe ξύλου, καὶ ἔφαγον. εἶπε ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”, regardless of Κύριος ὁ Θεὸς τῇ γυναικί· τί τοῦτο ἐποίησας; καὶ εἶπεν ἡ γυνή· ὁ ὄφις ἠπάτησέ με, καὶ the operation ofconsequences art galleries, restaurants, etc.also However this “change”, regardless of whatever other has, results rising of land prices (and the ἔφαγον. 14 καὶ εἶπε Κύριος ὁ Θεὸς τῷ ὄφει· ὅτι ἐποίησας τοῦτο, ἐπικατάρατος σὺ ἀπὸ whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative πάντων τῶν κτηνῶνspeculation). καὶ ἀπὸ πάντων τῶν θηρίων τῶν ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς· ἐπὶ τῷ στήθει σου καὶ τῇ potential relative speculation). The term gentrification foundτὰς at first in the early and itθήσω refersἀνὰ to κοιλίᾳ πορεύσῃ καὶ γῆν φαγῇisπάσας ἡμέρας τῆς UK ζωῆςinσου. 151960s καὶ ἔχθραν The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas of μέσον σοῦ καὶ ἀνὰ μέσον τῆς γυναικὸς καὶ ἀνὰ μέσον τοῦ σπέρματός σου καὶ ἀνὰ μέσονto theσπέρματος then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stayσου themselves sometimes and thusαὐτοῦ old residents are τοῦ αὐτῆς· αὐτός τηρήσει κεφαλήν, καὶthere σὺ τηρήσεις πτέρναν. 16of London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. καὶ τῇ γυναικὶ εἶπε· πληθύνων πληθυνῶ τὰς λύπας σου καὶ τὸν στεναγμόν σου· ἐν λύπαις being indirectly “squeezed”. description this phenomenon is included work Sociologist Ruth τέξῃAτέκνα, καὶ πρὸςofτὸν ἄνδρα σου ἡ ἀποστροφή σου, in καὶthe αὐτός σουofκυριεύσει. 17 τῷ δὲ Aεἶπεν· description ofperiod, thisτῆς phenomenon is situations included theἔφαγες work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the while were recorded inτοῦ other major ᾿Αδὰμ ὅτιsame ἤκουσας φωνῆςsimilar τῆς γυναικός σουin καὶ ἀπὸ ξύλου, οὗ GLASS at σοι theτούτου same period, while similar wereἐπικατάρατος recorded in ἡother cities in Western countries, byμὴ other Researchers. ἐνετειλάμην μόνου φαγεῖν, ἀπ᾿ situations αὐτοῦ ἔφαγες, γῆ ἐνmajor τοῖς cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. Since then, the issue preoccupied severalτῆς scholars and18for its more ἔργοις σου· ἐν λύπαις φαγῇhas αὐτὴν πάσας τὰς ἡμέρας ζωῆς σου· ἀκάνθας καὶ Sinceἀνατελεῖ then, the has preoccupied several scholars and for various its more τριβόλους σοι,issue καὶ φαγῇ τὸν χόρτονsummarized τοῦ ἀγροῦ. 19 ἐν ἱδρῶτιfrom τοῦ προσώπου σου comprehensive approach are being below, the comprehensive approach are being below, from φαγῇ τὸν ἄρτον σου, ἕως τοῦ ἀποστρέψαι σε summarized εἰς γὴν γῆν, the ἐξ ἧς ἐλήφθης, ὅτι the γῆ εἶvarious καὶ εἰς interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, following: interpretations the phenomenon gentrification, theαὐτοῦ following: γῆν ἀπελεύσῃ· 20 of καὶ ἐκάλεσεν ᾿Αδὰμ τὸof ὄνομα τῆς γυναικὸς Ζωή,ofὅτι αὕτηgroups μήτηρ In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new category social πάντων τῶν ζώντων. 21 Καὶ ἐποίησε Κύριος ὁ Θεὸς τῷ ᾿Αδὰμ καὶ τῇ γυναικὶ αὐτοῦ to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money χιτῶνας καὶ the ἐνέδυσεν αὐτούς. 22 καὶ εἶπεν ὁ Θεός· ἰδοὺ ᾿Αδὰμ γέγονεν ὡς and timeδερματίνους to travel from purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the εἷς ἐξ ἡμῶν, τοῦ γινώσκειν καλὸν καὶ πονηρόν· καὶ νῦν μή ποτε ἐκτείνῃ τὴν χεῖρα αὐτοῦ 1. The term comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth GLASS was born sense of safety at the distributed residencies outside town centres, search for betterin Berlin, sheξύλου made τῆς her ζωῆς first studies. Inκαὶ 1932 she published an important study entitled: καὶ λάβῃwhere ἀπὸhealth, τοῦ καὶ φάγῃ ζήσεται εἰς heart τὸν αἰῶνα. 23city”, καὶ ἐξαπέστειλεν services of education, entertainment “at the of the (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for αὐτὸν Κύριος ὁ Θεὸς ἐκ τοῦ παραδείσου τῆς τρυφῆς ἐργάζεσθαι τὴν γῆν, ἐξ ἧς ἐλήφθη. lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back to London, 24 ἐξέβαλε τὸν ᾿Αδὰμ καὶapproach, κατῴκισεν αὐτὸν ἀπέναντιIn τοῦ τῆςteacher τρυφῆςin καὶ inκαὶ 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. 1950 sheto became the According to another the isπαραδείσου due a systematic and University College καὶ of London, where she continued social research. Her public action and ἔταξε τὰ Χερουβὶμ τὴν φλογίνην ρομφαίαν τὴν her στρεφομένην φυλάσσειν τὴνofὁδὸν τοῦ long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers buying her work characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. ξύλου τῆς are ζωῆς. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: 12 Σούρα 4, 1-2, Ελ ΝισάΟι Γυναίκες, σ. 102-103. G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually 13 Σούρα 15, 28, Ελ-Χίτζρ- Η βραχώδης περιοχή, σ. 368.
121 2521 11
E¶.A¶. A¶.TO¶. TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP.AN. AN./ R.DEC. / R.DEC.ADM. ADM.LOC. LOC.DEV. DEV.REG. REG./ R. / R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC.GOV. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. DEV. E¶.
GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
και εμφυσήσω μέσα του από το πνεύμα Μου, πέσετε (όλοι) κάτω με υπακοή προς αυτόν»14. Στη Βίβλο τονίζεται με έμφαση ότι ο Θεός έπλασε τον άνθρωπο «κατ’ εικόνα ημετέραν και καθ’ ομοίωσιν»15. Στο Κοράνιο η αντίληψη αυτή δεν γίνεται αποδεκτή. Σύμφωνα με την Κορανική διδασκαλία ο Θεός είναι μοναδικός και απερίγραπτος στο είδος Του και είναι αδύνατο να συγκριθεί με τον άνθρωπο που αποτελεί το τελειότερο δημιούργημά του. By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, Ο Θεός πληροφορεί τους αγγέλους ότι θα πλάσει από χώμα τον By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect άνθρωπο, τον οποίο μάλιστα αποκαλεί καιStudent «τοποτηρητή»: «Κοίτα! Όταν ο of the School of Architecture Κυριός σου είπε στους αγγέλους. «Εγώ θα δημιουργήσω τοποτηρητή Technicalένα University of Crete στη γη», εκείνοι αποκρίθηκαν: «Μήπως θέλεις να βάλεις σ’ αυτή κάποιον, 1.θα Introductory Defining theστιγμή conceptπου εμείς πανηγυρίζουμε το που τη βλάψειapproach: και θα χύσει αίμα-τη 1. Introductory approach: Defining the ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC - 370 BC,γνωρίζω Athens), μεγαλείο Σου και Εσένα δοξάζουμε»; Κι οconcept Αλλάχ απάντησε: «Εγώ ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC,από Athens), among wise heritage he left16us, he established a great the . Οι άγγελοι, όπως φαίνεται το εκείνο other που σεις δε γνωρίζετε» among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great “principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with the definition of the content of concepts. απόσπασμα, τόνισαν στον Δημιουργό Θεό ότι το δημιούργημά του θα acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition of the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if not final, approach, the term προκαλέσει κακό στη γη και θα χυθεί πολύ αίμα. Ο Θεός τους καθησύχασε 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” is in a first, if not final, approach, the term urban gentrification) gentrification προβάλλοντας(and την του Αδάμ. indicated (in the area of Planning) (or 1 (andυπεροχή gentrification urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal (in various Στην Παλαιά Διαθήκη αναφέρεται επίσης, ότι ο Θεός έδωσε εντολή Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, στον Αδάμ να όνομα στα ζώα17etc. . ΗHowever βιβλική αφήγηση δίνει ιδιαίτερη ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement there of artists, the operation of δώσει art galleries, restaurants, “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless έμφαση στην εξέχουσα θέση που κατείχε ο Αδάμ ως διαχειριστής whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and της theof whatever other consequences has, results also land prices the Δημιουργίας τουspeculation). Θεού: «και έπλασεν ο Θεός έτιrising εκ τηςofγης πάντα τα(and θηρία potential relative potential relative speculation). τουThe αγρού πάντα ταisπετεινά ήγαγεν αυτά τον term και gentrification found atτου firstουρανού in the UKκαι in early 1960s and itπρος refers to Theιδείν term gentrification found firstόinεάν the UK in earlyαυτό 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trendαυτά, ofiswealthy people to buy property in poor Αδάμ, τι καλέσει και atπαν εκάλεσεν Αδάμ ψυχήν the then observed trend people to there buy property in poor areas 18wealthy London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes and thus old residents areof . ζώσαν, τούτο όνομα αυτώ» London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. Το Κοράνιο διαφοροποιείται σε αυτό το σημείο αναφέροντας ότι ο being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth ΘεόςAδίδαξε στον Αδάμ τις ονομασίες που έπρεπε ναwork δοθούν στα ζώα.Ruth «Ο ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the of Sociologist GLASSdescription at the same while similar recorded in other major Αδάμ, κατά το Κοράνιο και όχιsituations κατά την αφήγηση Παλαιάς GLASS at the same period, were recordedτης in other major cities inλοιπόν, Western countries, bywhile othersimilar Researchers. Διαθήκης, δεν μπορεί να χρησιμοποιήσει τη δημιουργικότητα και την cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more ευθύνη που του χάρισε ο Θεός, ώστε να αποδειχθεί ο κύριος της Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various Δημιουργίας, αλλά την αφήγηση του Κορανίου, είναι υποχρεωμένος interpretations of theκατά phenomenon of gentrification, the following: interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin,14where she made her first studies. In«Σάντ» 1932 she published an important study entitled: Σούρα 38, 71-72, Σάντ-Το γράμμα μιας Συντετμημμένης Λέξης, σ. 699. services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth15Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for Γέν 1,26. lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc. studies 16 and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back to London, where 2,30, Ελ studies Μπάκαρα-Η Αγελάδα, σ. 6. in According 1943 Σούρα she published regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and 17 University College of London, where she continued social research. Her and «Καὶ ἐκάλεσεν ᾿Αδὰμ ὀνόματα πᾶσι τοῖςher κτήνεσι καὶ πᾶσι brokers τοῖςpublic πετεινοῖς τοῦ long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, ofaction buying her work καὶ are characterized by a passion for justice. also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. οὐρανοῦ πᾶσι τοῖς etc., θηρίοις τοῦdepreciation ἀγροῦ· τῷ See δὲinitially ᾿Αδὰμ οὐχ εὑρέθη βοηθὸς ὅμοιος and selling real estate, for the of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. COLLINS SONS AND Co Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: αὐτῷ», Γέν 2,20. G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually 18
122
Γέν 2, 19.
2521 11
E¶.A¶. A¶.TO¶. TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP.AN. AN./ R.DEC. / R.DEC.ADM. ADM.LOC. LOC.DEV. DEV.REG. REG./ R. / R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC.GOV. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. DEV. E¶.
GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
να αποδειχθεί αποκλειστικά και μόνο ως ο υπάκουος αποδέκτης των εντολών του Θεού»19. Ο Θεός δίνει την δυνατότητα στους πρωτόπλαστους να χρησιμοποιούν τον Παράδεισο χωρίς όρια. Η μόνη απαγόρευση που τους έθεσε, και σ’ αυτό το σημείο συμφωνούν τόσο η Παλαιά Διαθήκη όσο και το Κοράνιο, ήταν να μην γευθούν τους καρπούς ενός μόνο δένδρου χωρίς να αναφέρεται συγκεκριμένα ποιο ήταν αυτό. Το Κοράνιο αναφέρει By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvardακόμη University, School of Design, Student, μάλιστα ότι τους απαγόρευσε και Graduate να το πλησιάσουν γιατί θα είναι By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect «άδικοι»: «Και πάλι είπαμε: «Ω! Αδάμ! Κατοίκησε συ και η γυναίκα σου of the School of Architecture στον Παράδεισο, και τρώτε απ’ τα άφθοναStudent πράγματά του όπως (όπου και Technical University of Crete όταν) θέλετε, αλλά μην πλησιάζετε αυτό το δέντρο, γιατί θα’ στε άδικοι»20. Σε 1.κάποιο σημείοapproach: αφήνεται να εννοηθεί ότι η γεύση των καρπών του Introductory Defining the concept 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept απαγορευμένου δένδρου έχει άμεση σχέση με την αθανασία: «Ο Σατανάς ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC 370 BC, Athens), όμως ψιθύρισε αυτόν he (και) είπε: «Ω! Αδάμ! aΘέλεις μήπως να the σε among other wiseσ’heritage left us, he established great “principle”: among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a great the οδηγήσω στο Δένδρο τηςhe Αιωνιότητας και βασιλεία που δεν acquisition of knowledge starts with of theσεcontent of“principle”: concepts. acquisition of21 knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term . παρακμάζει;» 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term area of Planning) (or gentrification Ο πειρασμός, τηgentrification) μορφή του Σατανά, κατάφερε να εξαπατήσει και 1 (and με gentrification urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various 22: «Τότε ο Σατανάς κατάφερε να τους κάνει να αμαρτήσουν την γυναίκα Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, και τους απ’ την κατάσταση της ευτυχίας που ζούσαν. Και τότε ways), of έβγαλε social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”,there regardless of είπαμε: «Κατεβείτε όλοι απ’ εδώ, αφού είστε εχθροί ο ένας με τον άλλο. Ηof the operation ofconsequences art galleries, restaurants, etc.also However regardless whatever other has, results risingthis of “change”, land prices (and the γη θα είναι γιαspeculation). σας (προσωρινή) εγκατάσταση καιofαπόλαυση whatever other consequences has, results also rising land pricesγια (andένα the potential relative 23. Τους παρακινεί να παρακούσουν την εντολή του Θεού και να διάστημα» potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to The term found atκαρπό. first in the UK in early and itareas refers γευθούν απόgentrification τον trend απαγορευμένο Ο buy Αδάμ και η1960s σύντροφός του the then observed ofiswealthy people to property in poor ofto the then observed trend wealthy people to there buy property in poor areas φαίνεται ότι παρασύρθηκαν και τονsometimes άκουσαν. Αμέσως γίνεται φανερή ηof London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old residents are London, upgrade them,με stay sometimes there and thus old residents are γύμνια τους: «Έτσι τοthemselves δόλο κατάφερε την πτώση τους. Και όταν being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth 19 A description ofSchirrmmacher, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at same period, while similar recorded in θρησκείες other major Dr.the Thomas Κοράνιο και Βίβλος. Οι μεγαλύτερες σε GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. σύγκριση, ό.π., σ. 135. 20 cities inΣούρα Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then,2,the issue has scholars and for its more 35, Ελ ΜπάκαραΗ Αγελάδα, σ.several 7. 21 Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars andthe for various its more Σούρα 20, approach 117, Το Τάχα-Συμβολικά Τ.Χ., σ.below, 465. from comprehensive are being γράμματα summarized 22 comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various Στην Παλαιά αναφέρεται ότι εξαπατήθηκε η Εύα και παρέσυρε interpretations of theΔιαθήκη phenomenon of gentrification, theπρώτη following: interpretations the the following: τον «1. the Ο of δὲ ὄφιςphenomenon ἦν φρονιμώτατος πάντων θηρίων τῶν of ἐπὶsocial τῆς γῆς, ὧν InΑδάμ: a sense, phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of τῶν a new category groups ἐποίησε Κύριος ὁ Θεός. καὶ εἶπεν ὁ ὄφις τῇ γυναικί· τί ὅτι εἶπεν ὁ Θεός, οὐ μὴ φάγητε ἀπὸ to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money παντὸς ξύλου τοῦ παραδείσου; 2 καὶ εἶπεν ἡ γυνὴ τῷ where ὄφει· ἀπὸ καρποῦ ξύλου and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, work place τοῦ is, lack of τοῦ the παραδείσου φαγούμεθα, 3 ἀπὸ δὲ τοῦ καρποῦ τοῦ ξύλου, ὅ ἐστιν ἐν μέσῳ τοῦin 1. The term comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth GLASS was born sense of safety at the distributed residencies outside town centres, search for better Berlin, whereεἶπεν she made her first studies. Inἀπ᾿ 1932 she published important study ἵνα entitled: παραδείσου, ὁeducation, Θεός, οὐ φάγεσθε αὐτοῦ, οὐ heart δὲ μὴan αὐτοῦ, μὴ services of health, entertainment “at the ofἅψησθε the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for ἀποθάνητε. 4 καὶ εἶπεν ὁ ὄφις τῇ γυναικί· οὐ θανάτῳ ἀποθανεῖσθε· 5 ᾔδει γὰρ ὁ Θεός, ὅτι lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, ᾗinἂν ἡμέρᾳ ἀπ᾿ studies αὐτοῦ, διανοιχθήσονται ὑμῶν οἱInὀφθαλμοὶ καὶ ἔσεσθε ὡς θεοί, 1943 sheφάγητε published regarding cityphenomenon planning. 1950 sheto became teacher in the According to another approach, the is due a systematic and University informal College where she continued social research. Her and γινώσκοντες καλὸν of καὶLondon, πονηρόν. 6 καὶ εἶδεν ἡ γυνή,her ὅτι καλὸν τὸ ξύλονbrokers εἰςpublic βρῶσιν καὶ ὅτι long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, ofaction buying her workτοῖς are characterized by a passion for justice. See κατανοῆσαι, also: COLLINSκαὶ ENGLISH DICTIONARY. ἀρεστὸν ὀφθαλμοῖς ἰδεῖν καὶ ὡραῖόν ἐστι τοῦ λαβοῦσα ἀπὸ and selling real estate, etc., for theCo depreciation initially of part of the urban web,τοῦ in 10th edit. Wil. COLLINS SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: καρποῦ αὐτοῦ ἔφαγε· καὶ ἔδωκε καὶ τῷ ἀνδρὶ αὐτῆς μετ᾿ αὐτῆς, καὶ ἔφαγον», Γέν 3, 1-6. G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually 23 Σούρα 2,36, Ελ Μπάκαρα-Η Αγελάδα, σ. 7.
123 2521 11
E¶.A¶. A¶.TO¶. TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP.AN. AN./ R.DEC. / R.DEC.ADM. ADM.LOC. LOC.DEV. DEV.REG. REG./ R. / R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC.GOV. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. DEV. E¶.
GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
δοκίμασαν το δένδρο, η ντροπή τους άρχισε να γίνεται φανερή σ’ αυτούς κι άρχισαν να συγκολλούν πάνω στα σώματά τους τα φύλλα του Κήπου. Τότε τους φώναξε ο Κύριός τους: «Μήπως δεν απαγόρευσα αυτό το δένδρο και στους δυο, και σας ειδοποίησα ότι ο Σατανάς είναι αναγνωρισμένος εχθρός σας;»24. Αισθανόμενοι, λοιπόν, την γύμνια τους άρχισαν να πλέκουν ρούχα από κλαδιά και ο Θεός τους έβγαλε έξω από τον παράδεισο. By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University, Graduate Design,με Student, Η Κορανική διήγηση διαφοροποιείται σε έναSchool ακόμηofσημείο αυτή By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect της Παλαιάς Διαθήκης. Στο Κοράνιο αναφέρεται ότι ο Αδάμ και η of Architecture σύντροφός του άρχισαν να παρακαλούν Student τον Θεόof the να School τους συγχωρήσει: Technical University of Crete «Εκείνοι αποκρίθηκαν: «Κύριέ μας! Είμαστε ένοχοι στον εαυτό μας, κι αν δεν1.μας συγχωρέσεις και μας σπλαχνιστείς, τότε θα είμαστε – βέβαια- με Introductory approach: Defining the concept 25. Από 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept το απόσπασμα φαίνεται δεν Θεός αυτός τους χαμένους» ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher,ότι (444 BCείναι - 370οBC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC 370 BC, Athens), που πονάει της αμαρτίας στην οποία υπέπεσαν οι “principle”: πρωτόπλαστοι among otherεξαιτίας wise heritage he left us, he established a great the among wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established aπράξη greatof“principle”: the αλλά οι other ίδιοι αισθάνονται από τηνcontent αυτή. Ο Θεός acquisition of knowledge startsπροσβεβλημένοι with of the concepts. acquisition of knowledge starts with theτων the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” indefinition a first, if of not final, approach, the τότε term φαίνεται ότι συγχωρεί το ζεύγος πρωτοπλάστων: «Ο Αδάμ 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” inτου a first, if (in notτου final, approach, theΚι term gentrification) indicated the area of Planning) (or gentrification κατάλαβε, τους εμπνευσμένους λόγουςis Κυρίου και μετάνιωσε. ο 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Κύριος δέχτηκε τη μετάνοια, γιατί είναι πολύ Επιεικής και Sociology as well), the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement 26as . Σε αντίθεση με την Παλαιοδιαθηκική διήγηση, στο Φιλεύσπλαχνος» ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of Κοράνιο φαίνεται ότι η αμαρτία των πρωτοπλάστων δεν έχει περαιτέρω the operation ofconsequences art galleries, restaurants, etc.also However this “change”, regardless of whatever other has, results rising of land prices (and the συνέπειες για τηνconsequences ανθρωπότητα. whatever other has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative speculation). από την πτώση ο Θεός φαίνεται ναinείχε τον potential relative speculation). TheΠριν term gentrification is found at first in the UK earlyπροειδοποιήσει 1960s and it refers to The gentrification found atpeople firstναinτους the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto Αδάμ ότιterm ο διάβολος θα προσπαθούσε παραπλανήσει προκειμένου the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor the then observed trend of wealthy people to there buy property in poor areas να καταφέρει ναthem, τους βγάλει έξω από τον παράδεισο: Και είπαμε: Ω!of London, upgrade stay themselves sometimes and«117. thus old residents are London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes andσ’ thus old residents are Αδάμ! (προειδοποιούμε), Αυτός (εδώ) είναι there εχθρός εσένα και στη being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of τον this phenomenon included in theαπό work of Sociologist Ruth σύζυγό σου. Μην αφήσετε καιisσας εκδιώξει τον Κήπο, ώστε να A description ofperiod, this αθλιότητα. phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major αποβιβαστείτε στην 118. Υπάρχουν για ofσένα (αρκετές GLASS at the same period, were να recorded in other 119. major cities in Western countries, bywhile othersimilar Researchers. προμήθειες) για να μην πεινάσειςεκεί situations μέσα- κι ούτε ξεγυμνωθείς, cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. then, the issueαπό has preoccupied severalκιscholars and its more κι Since ούτε θα υποφέρεις δίψα – εκεί μέσαούτε απ’ τηfor ζέστη του Since then, the issue has preoccupied several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach are being summarized from 27 28 . Η πτώση , όμως, των πρωτοπλάστων στο Κοράνιο ήλιου» comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, theαντίθεση following: αντιμετωπίζεται ως ένα απλό παράπτωμα και, σε με την Παλαιά interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups Διαθήκη, δεν αποτελεί στοιχείο οριστικής ρήξης της κοινωνίας του to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money ανθρώπου με τον Θεό. Στην Κορανική διήγηση αναφέρεται μεν ότι οι and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the πρωτόπλαστοι δενdistributed μπορούσαν πλέον να 1912-1940. μένουν στον Παράδεισο, 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, Ruth search GLASS wasbetter bornοin sense safety the residencies outside town centres, for Berlin, where she madeτου her first studies.δεν In 1932 she published anτο important study entitled: αναγνώστης, όμως, Κορανίου συμπεραίνει από κείμενο που services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc. studies 24 and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back to London, where 7, Ελ-Εαράφ, Τα Ύψη,the σ.city 205. in According 1943 Σούρα she published studies regarding planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to22, another approach, phenomenon is due a systematic and 25 University College of London, where she continued social research. brokers Her public action and Σούρα 7, 23, Ελ-Εαράφ, Τα Ύψη, σ. groups, 205. her long-term informal effort by organized manufacturers, of buying 26 are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. her work Σούρα 2,estate, 37, Ελ etc., Μπάκαρα-Η Αγελάδα, σ.7-8. and selling realCOLLINS for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: 27 Σούρα 20, 117-119, Το ΤάχαΣυμβολικά γράμματα Τ.Χ., σ. 465. G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually 28
124
Σούρα 20, 122, Το Τάχα- Συμβολικά γράμματα Τ.Χ., σ. 465.
2521 11
E¶.A¶. A¶.TO¶. TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP.AN. AN./ R.DEC. / R.DEC.ADM. ADM.LOC. LOC.DEV. DEV.REG. REG./ R. / R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC.GOV. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. DEV. E¶.
GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
διαβάζει ότι το γεγονός αυτό έχει ιδιαίτερα αρνητικές επιπτώσεις στη μετέπειτα ζωή τους εκτός Παραδείσου. Παρόλα αυτά ο Θεός επέλεξε τον By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Αδάμ: «Έπειτα ο Κύριός του (απ’ την φιλανθρωπία τον διάλεξε, Harvard University, Graduate SchoolΤου) of Design, Student, δέχθηκε την μετάνοιά του και τον καθοδήγησε (σωστά)». By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect of the School of Architecture Ένα ακόμη σημείο που διαφοροποιείStudent την Παλαιοδιαθηκική από την Technical University of Crete Κορανική διήγηση είναι ότι στην πρώτη η σχέση μεταξύ του Αδάμ και της Εύας είναι διαφορετική και μετά την διάπραξη της αμαρτίας. Η 1. Introductory approach:πριν Defining the concept 1. Introductory the concept αλλαγή αυτή τηςapproach: σχέσης δεν αναφέρεται πουθενά Κοράνιο. Η ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, (444 BC -στο 370 BC, Athens), μοναδική συνέπεια που φαίνεται ότι προκύπτει μετά την πτώση των ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great “principle”: the among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition heαπό established a greatof“principle”: the πρωτοπλάστων είναι ότι he διώχθηκαν τον και έκτοτε acquisition of knowledge starts with of theΠαράδεισο content concepts. acquisition of knowledge starts with the the of concepts. δημιουργήθηκε μιαon εχθρική σχέση μεindefinition τον διάβολο. Ηcontent αντιμετώπιση Based, therefore, this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, theαυτή term 1 (and on this “principle” inindicated a first, if (in notμε final, approach, the term μας Based, οδηγείtherefore, στο συμπέρασμα ότι το Κοράνιο βλέπει πιο αισιόδοξο τρόπο urban gentrification) is the area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various την μετέπειτα πορεία του ανθρώπου. Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement Συμπερασματικά θα μπορούσαμε να πούμε ότι στο Κοράνι: ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of α) η σχέση των ανθρώπων με τον Θεό αλλά και μεταξύ the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (andτους theof φαίνεται ότι δενspeculation). έχει υποστεί μεγάλη ζημιά γιατί ο Φιλεύσπλαγχνος Θεός whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative potential relative speculation). συγχωρεί τις αμαρτίες. Βασική προϋπόθεση συγχώρηση είναι The termόλες gentrification is found at first in the UK in για earlyτη1960s and it refers to The term iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto η μετάνοια εκgentrification μέρους τουofαμαρτωλού, the then observed trend to buy property in poor the then trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, stay of themselves and thus old residents areof β) upgrade η observed σχέσηthem, των ανθρώπων μεταξύ τους δεν έχει υποστεί φθορά γιατί London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. ηbeing αμαρτία δεν είναι τόσο ισχυρή που να μπορέσει να την δηλητηριάσει, indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth άνθρωπος, και απομακρύνθηκε Παράδεισο, έχει τη Aγ) description ofperiod, thisαν phenomenon is situations includedαπό inwere theτον work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS atο the same while similar recorded in other major δυνατότητα να πράττει το καλό και να αντιστέκεται στον πειρασμό. GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities inκαι Western countries, by other Researchers. Ακόμη αν the πέσει στην αμαρτία δεν πρέπει απογοητεύεται γιατί η Since then, issue has preoccupied severalναscholars and for its more Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more πτώση αυτή είναι ένα μικρόare «ολίσθημα». comprehensive approach being summarized below, from the various comprehensive approach are being summarized from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thebelow, following: Συνεχίζεται… interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”,movements (possibly) YouthΕπί Unemployment. The same εννέα year sheετών left Germany andθανάτου after continuous τη συμπληρώσει από του της Αειμνήστουfor lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back to London, Αναστασίας Ιερωνύμου ΠΙΝΤΟΥ, Φίλοι και πολλαπλώς ευεργετηθέντες in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. Her public action and υπ΄Αυτής Επιστήμονες, Φοιτητές και άλλοι, ετέλεσαν Τρισάγιο του long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers ofεπί buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. Τάφου της, κειμένου εις for το Α΄Co Νεκροταφείο Αθηνών. and selling real estate, etc., the depreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. COLLINS SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually Απρ. 2019, Κ. ΓΕ. ΑΘΑΝΑΣΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ 125 2521 11