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“What is theGENTRIFICATION business model of for innovation in your chosen Definition, Types Intervention, company? How can it be improved?” TESLA Inc. Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification

By Michael LEPTOS Concerns Student at Westminster University of London MSc Real Estate Department

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS

Introduction Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student,

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect We live in a world where technology has taken over our everyday lives, Student of the School of Architecture and most of the essential elements of our existence depend on it. The internet, Technical Universityhuman of Crete smartphones and electronic devices play a major role towards survival.

Thus, theapproach: global market andthe theconcept industries surrounding it operate 1. Introductory Defining upon1.the creation of products that work towards that goal, and due to the fastIntroductory approach: the concept ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), paced movement of consumer’s needs, organizations must rapidly evolve and ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the move accordingly that competition be overpassed.

With various among other wise so heritage leftthe us,definition hecan established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the strategies and techniques organizations are constantly looking for acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” aglobally first, if of not final, approach, the term ways to maintain their advantages and keep a healthy on-going momentum.

1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term (and urban gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification Competition is1tight, and“refining” space forof success isindicated very gentrification (and urban gentrification) (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the a cityisarea, thelimited. removal (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various This paper will critically analyze successful business models of ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, usually low-income andwith thethis placement of artists, innovation and specifically the of one of Tesla Inc. the aim ofthere highlighting the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless their strengths weaknesseshas, to make room forrising recommendations whatever otherand consequences results also of land pricesregarding (and theof whatever other consequences alsoinrising of land prices (and the theoretical implementations thathas, can results be applied the "real world". potential relative speculation). potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor Innovation the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old residents areof London, upgrade them, stay there themselves sometimes there andfor thusinnovation; old residents are Despite the fact that are over 40 definitions the being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”. most complete is the one by Crossan and Apaydin and is as follows: A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth A"Innovation description of this phenomenon included assimilation, inwere the recorded work ofand Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar situations inexploitation other major isperiod, the production orisadoption, GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities Western countries, other Researchers. of a in value-added noveltyby in economic and social spheres; renewal and cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied otherand Researchers.

Since then, issue has several scholars and for methods its more enlargement of the products, services, markets; development of new Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the of production; and the establishment of new management systems. It isvarious both a comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: process and anof outcome" (Edison, H., Ali, N.B. & Torkar, R., 2013). interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups Innovation is an important factor for staying ahead of the competition to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money and being successful within an industry. According to Johnson, D and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the organizations that dofrom not Sociologist endorse aRuth pro-innovation philosophy will struggle to termat comes GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, compete in an and she competitivean markets (Johnson, D., Berlin, where sheincreasingly made her firstaggressive studies. In 1932 entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at published the heart ofimportant the city”,study (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for 2001). lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, Organizations such asregarding Tesla,the Amazon, andInApple are among the ones in According 1943 she published studies cityphenomenon planning.

1950 she teacher in the to another approach, is due tobecame a systematic and University College of London, where she continued socialthrough research.innovation Her public and that have managed to create a unique sellingher point within long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers ofaction buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. their industry having, as afor result, aLtd. continuous path toofsuccess.

Brands like the and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., theCodepreciation initially part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: above have innovation as their primary philosophy enabling themselves to G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Apple, for example, was the first technological company to come up with Concerns the smartphone idea. As competitors were focusing on hardware, Apple was

stand out and create a market of their own separating them from their competitors.

88

focused on software and produced the iPhone (Bonnington, C., 2012). Since then Apple is leading the market and overC. ten upgraded versions Byhas Mr. created George-Sp. ATHANASOPOULOS of the mobile phone itself; usingUniversity, innovation as theSchool key tooftheir customer's Harvard Graduate Design, Student,

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect hearts.

Student of the School of Architecture Furthermore, Amazon started as an online bookstore and was operating Technical University of Crete within its own debt for its first years of operation but with a philosophy of improving day by approach: day and byDefining producing service that no other organization 1. Introductory the aconcept 1. approach: Defining the concept hadANTISTHENIS, orIntroductory has; it has managed to be one of the most successful in the the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -companies 370 BC, Athens), world.

Amazon was innovative internally but also externally.

With Amazon ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great “principle”: the Prime Now company managed to have products doorsteps among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established acustomer's greatof“principle”: the acquisition ofthe knowledge starts with of theat content concepts. within two hours (internally), a fact that no other organization has achieved, acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 (and and Based, they license external drivers to make deliveries by not to hire therefore, on this “principle” intheir a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term urban gentrification) is indicated area ofhaving Planning) (or gentrification 1job(externally). gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or them to doasthe Sociology well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways),Accompanied of social groups, usually low-income andofthe placement successful there of artists, with the of general picture innovation, and ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, However this “change”, regardless of innovative business models such asetc.

Amazon and Apple underline the the operation art galleries, restaurants, etc.also However this regardless whatever other consequences has, results rising of “change”, land prices theof importance of of innovation within organizations that want to create a(and market whatever otherinstead consequences has,within resultsanother. also rising of land prices (and the potential relative speculation). for themselves; of operating potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor TESLA Inc.them, Analysis the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade stay of themselves and thus old residents areof London, upgrade stay themselves sometimes and thusin old2003 residents Tesla Inc.“squeezed”. is them, an American organization that there was founded and are is being indirectly being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of California. this phenomenon included in the work of Sociologist based in Palo Alto, Namedisafter the famous electrical engineerRuth and A description ofperiod, this included inwere the work of and Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar situations recorded in other major physist Nikola Tesla; thephenomenon company hasisover 35,000 employees specializes GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers.and energy storage. Despite the in electric vehicles, solar panel manufacturing, cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issueoriginal has several scholars and for its Inc. more fact that the company’s purpose was electric sports cars, Tesla is Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various now one of the most innovative organizations in the world being involved in comprehensive approach arewith being summarized theengines various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thebelow, following: many sectors that have to do renewable energy and from electric interpretations the phenomenon the following: In a sense, G., theof phenomenon dueof togentrification, aA.,trend of a new of social (Kumparak, Burns, M. & isEscher, 2016).

The category organization wasgroups first to “return” the city,Eberhard leaving the purlieus several reasons: high coststhat in money founded bytoMartin and Marc for Tarpenning two engineers were and time to travel fromthe thebrand purlieus downtown, where work place is, lack of the influenced to create in to 2003 when GM recalled and destroyed its 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, EV1 electric cars (Musk, E., 2017). Today’s CEO of the company is Elon Musk, Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”,movements (possibly) an entrepreneur that involved organizations likefor Youth Unemployment.

Theissame year shein leftvarious Germanyinnovative and after continuous lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc. studies and Geneva, Prague, has London and New York shehe came back to London, where SpaceX andresearch PayPal.inMusk himself highlighted that sees Tesla Inc. as a in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and technology company and automotive manufacturer that has the goal of University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, ofaction buying offering cars to by the average at affordable prices (Young, A., her work electric are characterized a passion forconsumer justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially part of the web, in 10th edit.

Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: 2015).

Tesla currently has three types of electric carsofavailable inurban the market; G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually model S, model X and model 3. It also manufactures the super-chargers that

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

charge these vehicles and furthermore it produces solar panels after the company bought SolarCity which is the most prominent solar panel manufacturer in the US for 2.6 billion dollars (Tesla Inc., 2016). With model S being the company’s best-selling product, Tesla reached global sales of 250,000 units in 2007 (Kane, M., 2017) and in February 2018 its 300,000th vehicle was produced (Lambert, F., 2018).

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student,

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Student of the School of Architecture Technical University of Crete

1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept 1. Introductory approach: the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, of (Electrek, Feb., 2018) restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative potential relative speculation).

TheTesla’s term gentrification is Innovation found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to – Strategy & The term gentrification is found firstbeen in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of wealthy people todirectly buy property in poor Since the beginning, Tesla Inc.athas linked with innovation. the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof From the philosophy to the product; the organization is surrounded by the London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. ideology of innovation and that is what it aims to serve to its consumers. With being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is includedboth in theinternally work of Sociologist Ruth innovation flowing throughout the company, and externally, A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major Tesla has endorsed a strategy named “complex coordination” which enables GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Westernmany countries, by otherpieces Researchers. them to innovative that fit together. For their automotive cities in create Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has several scholars for itstypical more sector which is their most profitable; this strategy used toand emulate Since then, the issue has preoccupied severalisbelow, scholars and for various its more comprehensive approach are being summarized from the technological-product life cycles.

The summarized organization below, has departments that comprehensive approach are being from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: produce all the components neededoffor the production of a vehicle and it also interpretations of the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, phenomenon due togentrification, a trend ofof a new socialtogroups produces the the chargers neededisfor the resupply the cars.

The of ability have to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money full control throughout the production cycle is similar to Apple’s method of and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the operation term which Is from “endSociologist to end,”Ruth and consumers canRuth only relywas onborn the GLASS, 1912-1940.

GLASS for sense1.ofThe safety atcomes the distributed residencies outside town centres, search betterin organization itself for servicing and maintaining their product in excellent Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment.

The same year Germany and after continuous movements for condition, maximizing income for she theleft company. lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, Innovation in studies technology isthe key for Tesla. company owns in its in According 1943 she published regarding city planning.

In 1950 she teacher the to another approach, phenomenon isThe due tobecame a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public and existence and success innovative technology since theirbrokers most profitable long-term efforttoby organized groups, manufacturers, ofaction buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. products are electric cars.for Various organizations have tothe operate within and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., theCodepreciation initially of tried part of urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: the sector, but none of them achieved what Tesla has.

With the appliance of G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

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“sustainable” innovation, Tesla has created vehicles that are 100 % electric and can compete with ordinary cars both in performance and design, not only normal cars but sports cars as well. Marketing wise, Tesla focuses on selling its vehicles online and in company-owned showrooms instead of using a conventional dealer strategy (Maeda, W., 2013). Tesla tries to implement innovation in every operation the company is involved By conducting a SWOT analysis Inc., theC. strengths, weaknesses, Byfor Mr.Tesla George-Sp. ATHANASOPOULOS opportunities, and threats of the organization will be highlighted, the Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, and Student, position of the company within the market will be underlined.

With the use of

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect the above and specifically the weaknesses and the of threats; innovative gaps Student the School of Architecture Technical of Crete and room for improvement will emerge. Having those gapsUniversity as a baseline; theoretical recommendations that can be applied in the "real world" will 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept follow.

1. Introductory approach: the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the SWOT Analysis among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term Strengths 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification Brand Recognition: to the nature of its products, Tesla is a globally 1 (and urbanDue gentrification gentrification) isarea, indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city the removal (in various well-known brand. Despite its motor vehicles, Tesla is also recognized for its Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of socialproducts. groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, sustainability ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”,there regardless of Fast growing supercharger network: Tesla develops its supercharger the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof network around world but the US results specifically that of customers can(and charge whatever otherthe consequences has, also so rising land prices the potential relative speculation). their cars on the side of the road and they also play a huge role in the adoption potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to of Tesla products.

The company had already installed 40001960s superchargers by The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early and itareas refers the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor ofto 2015 and is planning to have 7000 by the end of 2018. the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old residents areof London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description Weaknessesof this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major High costs of period, vehicles: Tesla’s vehicles have arecorded huge disadvantage GLASS at the same while similar situations were in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. towards ordinarycountries, vehicles due to their cost. Despite their innovative operation cities in Western bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more the model 3, model X and model S are too expensive for thefrom average middleSince then, the issue has preoccupied several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach are being summarized class consumer.

The high cost of the vehicles is a setback for the company comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: since it affects the sales in rapidly growing. interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups High production and operating costs: The production of vehicles the to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs inand money operation of the organization is very costly.

The combination of R&D and and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the 1.of The term from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

GLASSmaking wasbetter bornitin production has been increasing costs significantly for centres, theRuth company sense safety atcomes the distributed residencies outside town search for Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: hard forofthem to cover theseentertainment costs with sales.

Despite company trying to services health, education, “at the heartthe of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc.where minimize manufacturing costs, expenditures essential to their operation studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back to London, in According 1943 she published regarding cityphenomenon planning.

In 1950 sheto became teachertheir in the tocost another approach, the due adominate systematic and increase their ofstudies production and Tesla finds itishard to University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying industry. her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, for theCodepreciation initially of of the urban web, in 10th edit.

Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: Consumer trust:etc., Tesla was experimenting with itspart new autopilot system Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: Abstract. http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm awere variety ways, in order to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, the ofvehicle could drive itself without the need of the of (actually a driver.

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

Unfortunately, the car was involved in an accident where a civilian was hit fatally by the car. Furthermore, Tesla experienced hacking issues since hackers managed to take over the system of a model S and bring the vehicle to a full stop (Lambert, F., 2016) These incidents might create trust issues for the organization since the safety and well-being is a top priority for consumers.

Opportunities

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University, Graduate School Design, Growth in demand: Due to the technologically evolvedoftimes weStudent, live in; By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect eco-friendly and electric vehicles have not only become a trend, but they serve Student of the School of Architecture a good cause to the well-being of our planet. As years go by more and more Technical University of Crete consumers are interested in upgrading their car to a vehicle that operates through renewableapproach: energy having as the a higher goal the minimization of their 1. Introductory Defining concept 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept transportation costs.

ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC As -“principle”: 370 Athens), Supply sales, and network (444 ina Asia: theBC, Asian and among other chain, wise heritage hemaintenance left us, he established great the amongeconomies other wiseare heritage left us,definition he by established a great the Indian becoming stronger the there is a massive acquisition of knowledge startshe with the of minute; the content of“principle”: concepts. acquisition of starts with the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, “principle” indefinition a first, if of not final, approach, the term opportunity forknowledge Teslaontothis expand theirthe supply chain and explore these markets.

1 (and urban on this “principle” inindicated a first,major if (in notthe final, approach, the gentrification) is area ofissues Planning) (or gentrification Due Based, to the therefore, fact that the above countries have pollution (Li,term P., 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various 2009) and are interested in such products, Tesla should take the opportunity Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement and exploit them. ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof Threats whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative potential relative speculation).

Tesla is facingatcompetition from luxury car and manufactures TheCompetition: term gentrification is found first in the UK in early 1960s it refers to The gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refers but then alsoterm electric vehicle companies.

Since its supercharger network is not the observed trend of to buy property in poor ofto the then observed trend wealthy people buytoproperty in poor globally developed, consumers may turn their to back the company andareas prefer London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus oldwithin residents are toLondon, invest in a semi-electric(hybrid) vehicle that can fully operate their being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description this the phenomenon is included in thesports work of Ruth region.

Adding toofthat, competition from luxury carSociologist manufacturers A description of this Tesla phenomenon is situations includeddespite inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same period, while similar in other major is also significant; since is in that market its electric technology GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. approach. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue several scholars and for its more Sports vehicle risk:has Since Tesla operates within the sports Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars andcar forindustry its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various and their cars are approach as expensive as a regular sports vehicle; consumers might comprehensive are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: tend to stick toofwhat they know. Furthermore, sports car enthusiast might interpretations the phenomenon of thecategory following: In a sense, phenomenon is due togentrification, a trend of due a new of social groups prefer to buythe a petrol or diesel engine vehicle to its performance, since to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money Tesla's cars are sports and luxury vehicles but do not lean towards one side and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the particularly. termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin,According where she made herabove first studies.

In analysis; 1932 she published an achieved important study entitled: to the SWOT Tesla has significant services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for milestones andof, has a steady from position within its industry, but instability lower living cost “withdrawal” private access markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, regarding itspublished safety, high operation and production costs, and of specific in According 1943 she studies regarding cityphenomenon planning.

In 1950 she teacher in the to another approach, the is due tobecame a lack systematic and University College London, where she continued her social Her public and identity can openof the field for major setbacks for theresearch. company.

Based on the long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers ofaction buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. above threats and weaknesses, realistic recommendations will follow so that and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCo depreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Recommendations Concerns A huge problem that needs a solution for Tesla is the fact that their

Tesla can prevent and overcome obstacles that might impact the company's economic well-being and publicity.

92

vehicles are focused on a very tight target group. By limiting itself, the

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS company loses customers that are interested in the company but do not have Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, the money to invest in a car with a hefty price tag. If the organization shifted By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect its focus from sports car and created a vehicle for the average middle-class Student of the School of Architecture consumer, then a new market would open up for Tesla. People in our modern Technical University of Crete days are interested in new technologies and especially technologies that would help them cut down every-day expenses 1. Introductory approach: Defining the conceptsuch as transportation costs.

1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept With a production of a middle-class car, Tesla can transform ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC - 370 its BC,operation Athens), from limited supply to mass-production.

It is proven that mass-production has ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great “principle”: the a lot of benefits and can minimize costs for the manufacturer (Hounshell, D.A., among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the 1997).

Thus, will have a with significant in cutting down acquisition ofTesla knowledge starts theindefinition the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a opportunity first, if of not final, approach, thecosts term 1 but also expand its products and servicesis Based, therefore, on this “principle” inline. a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term (and urban gentrification) indicated area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Following the above, with an expansion of their production line offering Sociology as the “refining” of a city area, removal this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually ofconsumer; low-income andthe the placement there artists, vehicles foras well), the middle-class Tesla can fight from back to of gain the ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, etc. However this “change”, regardless of publicity it had before theirrestaurants, major setbacks (Car crashes and Hacking).

After the operation ofconsequences art galleries, etc.also However “change”, regardless whatever other has,the results land prices (and theof these events, consumers haverestaurants, lost trust theyrising had this inofthe company; making other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative itwhatever even harder forspeculation).

Tesla to operate to its maximum potential. potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to With the use of passive innovation is the type 1960s of innovation thatto The term gentrification found atpeople first which in the UK in early and itareas refers the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor of requires the consumer to demand the change and then the organization the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old residents areof follows with the action (Dodgson, M., Gann, D. & Salter, A.J.,thus 2009); Tesla can London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. minimize its risks and wait for their customers to demand change and then being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth takeAaction.

With model and model 3isbeing similar, company couldmajor have description ofperiod, this Xphenomenon included inwere thethe work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar situations recorded in other implemented passive innovation and save a significant amount of capital.

This GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. type of innovation can has be applied towards future actions the cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue several scholars and such for itsasmore production of a new car or the instalment of superchargers.

The organization Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various can stick to its product and wait for consumers comprehensive approach are being summarized from to thedemand various interpretations of primary the phenomenon ofline gentrification, thebelow, following: necessary changes. interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups Furthermore, marketing strategy of the company; some to “return” to the city,regarding leaving thethe purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money and time to travel the purlieus downtown, work place is, lack of the adjustments can from change the waytothe market where is moving around Tesla.

As 1.of The term from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth GLASS for wasonline born in sense safety atcomes thethe distributed residencies outside town centres, search better mentioned above, organization limits its self in selling its products Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at into the heart of the and in company-owned showrooms.

Taking account thecity”, fact(possibly) that the Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc.where company is selling auto-vehicles, online purchasing is limiting their potential studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back to London, in 1943 she published studies regarding city planning.

In 1950 she became teacher in the According to another approach, the phenomenon is due to a systematic and for a greater amount of sales. It is hard to believe that consumers will spend University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying that significant amount by of amoney a car online without even looking her work are characterized passionon for buying justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and realCOLLINS estate, etc., for the depreciation initially of part of the urban web, in at10th itselling or it. Since the purchase of a 2009. car isWIKIPEDIA: not as simple asEncyclopedia: common edit.driving Wil. SONS AND Co Ltd. London The Free Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: Abstract. http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm aproducts variety of ways, in order to achieve the consumers buy online daily; and“assisted”, since joint “voluntary”, ventures can(actually increase

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

both profits and publicity according to Kogut, B Tesla could partner up with individual dealers that operate globally, giving the opportunity to consumers to see, test drive and buy the vehicles and have a sense of familiarity, trust and security towards the product (Kogut, B.,1989).

With motor vehicles to supercharges, clean energy storage and solar panels; Tesla Inc. have a substantial product and service line making it hard for the organization to operate in all entirely.

According to the Bythe Mr.segments George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS product orientation theory (Ishida, D., 2015) focusing on one one Harvard University, Graduate School ofproduct Design, and Student, product only can be substantially successful for an organization.

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Student of the School of Architecture Technical University of Crete

Conclusion 1. Introductory theisconcept Despite the approach: fact that Defining Tesla Inc. one of the most innovative and 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept successful organizations within Greek its industry; space for been ANTISTHENIS, the ancient philosopher, (444improvement BC - 370 BC,has Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC analysis -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), highlighted the SWOT analysis and(444 of the among other throughout wise heritage he left us, he established a the great the among other wise leftthe us, he faced established a greatof“principle”: the characteristics of theheritage company itself.

Tesla major setbacks as a company acquisition of knowledge startshe with definition of the content concepts. acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts.

Based, crashes, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if not final, approach, the term including hacking and lawsuits making it of hard for the organization to 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on “principle” insince a first, notthe final, approach, the is term gentrification) indicated (in area of Planning) (or gentrification regain the popularity andthis publicity it hadis itsifbeginning.

Globalization a 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various difficult task for organizations to accomplish, but for Tesla’s well-being it is Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement essential, and with the use of the above recommendations itfrom is there realistic.

For a ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of artmagnitude galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”,costs regardless of company of this low manufacturing andthis production play a the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever consequences has, results alsoexpansion rising of land (and theof significantother role and with a combination of an of itsprices sales network, whatever other consequences has,the results also rising of land prices the potential relative speculation). significant changes can overcome obstacles the organization is (and facing. potential relative speculation).

Thethe term gentrification is found at first in(strategies) the UK in early 1960s and it refers to With recommendations and theories mentioned above; Tesla The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor can create the movement of taking their business to the next step, expand its the then observed trend of wealthy sometimes people to buy property in poor areas London, them, stayworld themselves thus old residents areof networkupgrade and change the as we know it.there The and organization has every London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. potential to transform the way we acknowledge transportation and I believe being indirectly “squeezed”. this phenomenon mentioned, is included in realistic the work of Sociologist thatAAdescription with the ofimplementations canRuth be description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded workchanges of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major accomplished both internally and externally.

GLASS at the same period, situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, bywhile othersimilar Researchers. cities in Western countries, by other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more Since then, the issue has several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized from comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: Bibliography interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups Bonnington, C., 2017.

Focusing on Hardware Is the Wrong Way to in Compete to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs money With the iPhone. Wired. Available at: https://www.wired.com/2012/09/smartphoneand time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the hardware-experience/ . termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Dodgson, M., Gann, Salter, In A.J., 2009.

The management of technological Berlin, where she made her D. first&studies.

1932 she published an important study entitled: services of strategy health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) innovation: andThe practice, Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Youth Unemployment. same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc. studies and research Geneva, Prague, and New York she camemeasurement back to London, Edison, H., Ali,inN.B. & Torkar, R.,London 2013. Towards innovation inwhere the in 1943 she published studies regarding city planning.

In 1950 she became teacher in the According to another approach, the phenomenon is due to a systematic and software industry. Journal of Systems and Software, 86(5), pp.1390–1407.

University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying Hounshell, D.A., 1997.

From the for American system mass production, 1800-1932: her work are characterized by a passion justice. See also:toCOLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCo depreciation initially ofStates, part of the urban web, in the development of manufacturing technology in the United Baltimore: Hopkins 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm aUniv. variety in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually Press.of ways,

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

Ishida, D., 2015. The Effect of Proactive and Responsive Market Orientation on Performance. Journal of Marketing & Distribution, 17(3), pp.13–37.

Johnson, D., 2001. What is innovation and entrepreneurship? Lessons for larger organisations. Industrial and Commercial Training, 33(4), pp.135–140.

Kane, M., 2017. Tesla Has Delivered More Than 250,000 EVs, ~55% In The U.S. Inside EVs Tesla Has Delivered More Than 250000 EVs 55 In The US Comments.

Available at: https://insideevs.com/tesla-has-delivered-more-than-250000-evs-55By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS in-the-u-s/.].

Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, Kodama, M., 1999. Business innovation through joint supported by

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ventures ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect major businesses. Journal of Management Development, 18(7), pp.614–627.

Student of the School of Architecture Kogut, B., 1989. The Stability of Joint Ventures: Reciprocity and Competitive Technical University of Crete Rivalry. The Journal of Industrial Economics, 38(2), p.183.

Kumparak, G.,approach: Burns, M. &Defining Escher, A., 2016.

A brief history of Tesla. TechCrunch.

1. Introductory the concept 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept Available at: https://techcrunch.com/gallery/a-brief-history-of-tesla/.

ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), Lambert, F. & Electrek, Firstphilosopher, Model(444 S remotely by ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek BC -“principle”: 370controlled BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he2016. left us, heTesla established a great the hackers, Tesla already pushed a fix.

Electrek.

Available at: among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the https://electrek.co/2016/09/20/first-tesla-model-s-remotely-controlled-hackersacquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition of the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if not final, approach, the term tesla-pushed-a-fix/.

1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification Lambert,1F. & Electrek, 2018. Tesla confirms having produced its 300,000th gentrification (and urban gentrification) isarea, indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city the removal (in various electric car. Electrek. Available at: https://electrek.co/2018/02/14/tesla-deliveredSociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, 300000th-vehicle/?pushup=1 ways), of social groups, of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of LaMonica, M., 2009. usually Tesla Motors founders: Now there are five. CNET. Available the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof at: https://www.cnet.com/news/tesla-motors-founders-now-there-are-five/. whatever other consequences has, results risingofof land prices (and the Li, P. et al., 2009.

Mercury pollution in Asia:also A review the contaminated sites. potential relative speculation). potential relative speculation).

Journal Hazardous Materials, 168(2-3), pp.591–601.

The of term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to The term gentrification foundauto atpeople first in the UK in early and itareas refers Maeda, W., 2013.

Tesla dealers direct sales1960s toinconsumers - The the then observed trend ofisbattles wealthy toonbuy property poor ofto the then observed trend wealthy peopleat: to there buy property in poor areas Boston Globe.

BostonGlobe.com.

Available https://www.bostonglobe.com London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes and thus old residents areof /business/2013/11/20/tesla-battles-auto-dealers-direct-salesLondon, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. consumers/3f1xBFN21xH8QqQc3jijTP/story.html . in the work of Sociologist Ruth being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included Musk, E., 2017.

Few people know that we started Tesla of when GM forcibly A description of this phenomenon is included inwere the recorded work Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same period, while similar situations in other major recalled allatelectric carsperiod, from customers in 2003 & thenwere crushed them in aother junkyard.

GLASS the same while similar situations recorded in major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers.

Twitter. at: https://twitter.com/elonmusk/status/873116351316938753. cities inAvailable Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has several scholars and for Approval. its more Anon, 2016.

Tesla's Acquisition of SolarCity Receives Shareholder Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from Tesla's Acquisition ofapproach SolarCity Receives Shareholder Approval | Teslafrom UK. Available at: comprehensive are being summarized below, the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: https://www.tesla.com/en_GB/blog/teslas-acquisition-of-solarcity-receivesinterpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups shareholder-approval. to “return” theBusiness city, leaving the purlieus for severalTheory. reasons:Genius. high costs in money Thiel,toP., Strategy and Monopoly Available at: and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the https://genius.com/Peter-thiel-lecture-5-business-strategy-and-monopoly-theory1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, annotated.

Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: Young, A., 2015.

Detroit Auto Show 2014:“at $40,000 'Model From Tesla Motors services of health, education, entertainment the heart of E' the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for (TSLA) Will Have A 'Practical' Range, Says Company's Head of Global Sales. lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc. studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back to London, where International Business Times.

Available at: http://www.ibtimes.com/detroit-autoin According 1943 she published studies regarding city planning.

In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the phenomenon is due a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public and show-2014-40000-model-e-tesla-motors-tsla-will-have-practical-range-sayslong-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, ofaction buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. 1539644. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: Zott, C., Amit, R.H. & Massa, L., 2011.

The Business Model: Recent Developments G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually and Future Research. SSRN Electronic Journal.

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