T_65_sosto218-02-11 14-11-1113:14 14:27™ÂÏ›‰·62 ™ÂÏ›‰·21 T_62_TEL
E¶.A¶. A¶.TO¶. TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP.AN. AN.// R.DEC. / R.DEC.ADM. ADM.LOC. LOC.DEV. DEV.REG. REG.//R. /R. R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC.GOV. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. DEV. E¶. TO¶. AYT. ¶EP. AN. R.DEC. ADM. LOC. DEV. REG. DEC. LOC. GOV. REG. DEV.
GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Student of the School of Architecture Technical University of Crete
1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept 1. Introductory approach: the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term (or gentrification (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more Since then, the issue has several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized from comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new category of social groups to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research. Her public action and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually 62
252133 11
T_65_sosto2 14-11-11 14:27 ™ÂÏ›‰·21 T_62_TEL 18-02-11 13:14 ™ÂÏ›‰·63
E¶. A¶. TO¶. AYT. ¶EP. AN. / R.DEC. ADM. LOC.DEV. DEV.REG. REG./ R. / R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC.GOV. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. DEV. E¶. A¶. TO¶. AYT. ¶EP. AN. / R.DEC. ADM. LOC.
GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Student of the School of Architecture Technical University of Crete
1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept 1. Introductory approach: the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term (or gentrification (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more Since then, the issue has several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized from comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new category of social groups to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research. Her public action and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually
34
21 11 25 63
T_65_sosto2 14-11-11 14:27 ™ÂÏ›‰·21 T_62_TEL 18-02-11 13:14 ™ÂÏ›‰·64
E¶. A¶. TO¶. AYT. ¶EP. AN. / R.DEC. ADM. LOC. DEV. REG./ R. / R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC.GOV. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. DEV. E¶. A¶. TO¶. E¶. A¶. TO¶. AYT. ¶EP. AN. / R.DEC. ADM. LOC. DEV. REG.
GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns Prodromos MAVRIDIS: Prodromos MAVRIDIS: By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Les Turcs dans l’Union Les Turcs l’Union Harvard University, Graduate Schooldans of Design, Student, C. ATHANASSOPOULOS européenne. Réflexions sur la By Mr. George-Sp. européenne. Réflexions Architect sur la Student of the School of Architecture préémininence du droit. préémininence du droit. Technical University of Crete 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept La de l’éventuelle adhésion The question of Turkey’s possible 1.question Introductory approach: the concept ANTISTHENIS, thealimente ancientDefining Greek BCUnion - 370 BC, Athens), de la Turquie à l’ Union une philosopher, accession(444 to the is fuelling a ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the controverse passionnelle qui, trop heated controversy, which is too often, a among other wise heritage he left us, he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with the content concepts. souvent, se nourrit d’a priori dictés parthe definition priori, of dictated by ideology and indeed acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition of the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if not final, approach, the term l’idéologie, voire par les fantasmes et le both fantasy and fanaticism. In his 1 (and urban Based,Professeur therefore, on this “principle” inindicated a first, ifto not final, approach, the term gentrification) is (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification fanatisme. de droit àParis X this book, Antoine Lyon1 (and urban gentrification) ispreface gentrification indicated (in the area of Planning) (or Sociologyetasdirecteur well), asd’études the “refining” of a city area, thearemoval this,at (inParis various Nanterre à l’École Caen, lecturerfrom in law X Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social usually of low-income and theand placement there of artists, de hautes étudesgroups, en sciences sociales, Nanterre Director of Studies at the ways), ofLyon-Caen social groups, usually of low-income anddethe placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.École However this “change”, regardless of Antoine le confirme dès hautes études en sciences the operation ofconsequences art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this whatever has,à results also rising of “change”, land (and theof l’entame deother la préface qu’il a donnée sociales, confirms thisprices fromregardless the outset whatever other consequences alsoherising of land prices benefits (and the potential relative speculation). cet ouvrage, lorsqu ’il relève quehas, la results when explains that Turkey potential relative Turquie du speculation). «triste privilège» the «sad privilege» of creating «the The bénéficie term gentrification is foundde at first infrom the UK in early 1960s and it refers to The«la term found first in the UK in earlyof1960s and itareas refers susciter plusgentrification richetrend floraison de lieuxatpeople richest flourishing commonplaces and the then observed ofiswealthy to buy property in poor ofto the then observed trend wealthy people to there buyideas property in poor areas communs, ces idées sommaires, sans sometimes summary in analytical London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and lacking thus old residents areof London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are fondement analytique qui, pour cette foundations, which for this reason, being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”. raison, circulent sans retenue». Ά circulate, in an illogical fashion». Some A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth A description this phenomenon included the recorded work Ruth entendre lesthe uns, la of Turquie admise en is situations punditsin would have of us Sociologist believe GLASS at same period, while similar were in otherTurkish major Europe ne serait rien d’autre qu’un accession to Europe would be no less GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. «cheval de Troie islamiste»; d’autres leur than bringing in an «Islamic Trojan cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more rétorquent, sur the le issue même mode horse»; other commentators respond in Since then, has preoccupied several scholars andthe for its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from various abominablement simpliste, que s’ouvrir an otherwise but equally and comprehensive approach are being summarized from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thebelow, following: aux Européens reviendrait à ouvrir lesof gentrification, abominably simplistic way by claiming interpretations of the phenomenon the following: In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new category of social groups portes de la Turquie aux «croisés des that opening up to the Europeans would to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money temps modernes». Ce n’est pas sur le mean opening Turkey’s doors to «the and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the terrain de ces anathèmes croisés, aussi crusades of the modern age». It is not on termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside townofcentres, stériles que dangereux, qu’entend se torn and equally Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932this she terrain published an important study sterile entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) situer MAVRIDIS, même and and dangerous anathema thatfor YouthProdromos Unemployment. The same year she left Germany after continuous movements lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private car access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and Neweasier York she came to back to London, s’il reconnaît être parti du principe, pour Prodromos MAVRIDIS intends to in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due adoes systematic and rédiger cet ouvrage, qu’une adhésion de tread, even though he acknowledge University College of London, where she continued her social research. Her public action and long-term effort by servir organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying la Turquie àinformal l’Union «pourrait his editing of this her work are characterized by a passionde for justice.that See the also:principle COLLINSfor ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. The Free Encyclopedia: trait d’union pour une meilleure book is WIKIPEDIA: based on the idea that Turkey’s G. ALEXANDRI: Abstract. http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order to achieve theaccession “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually compréhension des différentes to the Union «could act as a 64
252135 11
T_65_sosto2 14-11-11 14:27 ™ÂÏ›‰·21 T_62_TEL 18-02-11 13:14 ™ÂÏ›‰·65
E¶. A¶. TO¶. AYT. ¶EP. AN. / R.DEC. ADM. LOC.DEV. DEV.REG. REG./ R. / R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC.GOV. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. DEV. E¶. A¶. TO¶. AYT. ¶EP. AN. / R.DEC. ADM. LOC.
GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
cultures». En l’occurrence, ce qui est bridge for greater understanding of intéressant n’est pas tant le fruit de sa different cultures». In this case, what is réflexion personelle que le chemin interesting is not so much the fruit of his intellectuel qu’il emprunte pour l’étayer. personal reflection so much as the Arrivé à la Commission européenne intellectual path he has trodden in order comme stagiaire dans le cabinet du to back up his thesis. Delors, l’auteur en est aujourd ’hui l’un The author originally started as a des hauts fonctionnaires, spécialiste By Mr. George-Sp. trainee at President Delors’ cabinet at C. ATHANASOPOULOS reconnu de la libre circulation et deUniversity, la the European Commission and is now Harvard Graduate School of Design, Student, C. ATHANASSOPOULOS sécurité sociale à la DG Emploi, Affaires By Mr. George-Sp. one of the senior officials and recognised Architect Student of freedom the School of Architecture sociales et Égalité des chances. C’est sur experts in the of movement and Technical University of Crete la base de son expertise que ce juriste social security at DG Employment, qui, non content de fréquenter Social Affairs and Equal Opportunities. 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept assidûment la Cour de justice, enseigne It is on the basis of his expertise that this 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek aussi dans trois Universités françaises - a philosopher, legal expert, who not content to ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -his 370time BC, Athens), among other wise left us, he established a great “principle”: bâti sa plaidoirie, en heritage partant duhe constat exlusively(444 spend at the among other wise he left us,definition heEuropean established a great the que la prééminence du heritage droitstarts constitue lethe Court of Justice and teaching acquisition of knowledge with of the content of“principle”: concepts. acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts. «fondement de l’ordre public three French yniversities - has Based, therefore, on this “principle” aatfirst, if of not final, approach, thechosen term 1lequel Based, therefore, on this “principle” inindicated a first, if (in not final, approach, the européen», implique des to launch his appeal, on term the (and urban gentrification) is the area of based Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification «limitations à la souveraineté nationale» observation that the pre-eminence of law Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city constitutes area, from this, of (inartists, various dans leofprocessus d’intégration the «basis of European public ways), social groups, usually ofqui low-income andthe theremoval placement there ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, valent tant pour les États membres que order», which implies «limitations to the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless pour les pays candidats. Ά l’aune de ce resultsnational sovereignty the process ofof whatever other consequences has, also rising of land in prices (and the whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land (and the constat, il explore brièvement la question integration applying toprices member states potential relative speculation). depotential savoir cerelative qu’est réellement «État countries In the speculation). The term gentrification is un found at first inand the and UKcanditate in early 1960s andalike. it refers to européen» etgentrification ce que veut dire light of this observation, briefly The term foundlaatpeople first in the UK in early 1960s andheitareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor «capacité d’intégration», mais il observe explores theproperty question really is aof the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy inwhat poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus of old residents are surtout que l’Union, «fondée sur la «European state» and «integration London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. prééminence du droit, est tenue de capacity». Above all, he points out that being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth respecter sesthe engagements la is situations the Union «based onof theSociologist pre-eminence» A description ofperiod, thisvis-à-vis phenomenon included inwere the work Ruth GLASS at same whiledesimilar recorded in other major Turquie», tous sessame engagements depuis of law and «isrecorded bidden to respect its GLASS at the period, while similar situations were in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. l’Accord d’association d’Ankara qui, en commitments to Turkey», including all of cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more 1963,Since avait prévu la réalisation graduelle those made since the Ankara then, the issue has several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized from decomprehensive la libre circulation travailleurs, ainsi Association Agreement, which, in 1963, approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: que l’élimination des restrictions à la planned for the gradual accomplishment interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups liberté d’établissement et à la libre of free movement of labour, as well as the to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money prestation des services, ouvrant même la scrapping of restrictions on the freedom and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place lack of the possibilité d’envisager, à terme, une of establishment and freeis,provision of 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, adhésion de la Turquie. Ces intentions services. It even included the possibility Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment the heart ofthe thelong-term, city”,movements (possibly) ont étéUnemployment. ensuite concrétisées le left Germany of“at envisaging, Turkishfor Youth The samedans year she and afterincontinuous lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc. studies and research in entré Geneva, New YorkThese she came back to London, where Protocole additionnel enPrague, vigueurLondon and accession. intentions were then in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and en 1973 - qui a été ponctué par further made official in the Additional University College of London, where she continued her social research. Her public action and long-term informal effortdouanière by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers offorce buying l’achèvementy de l’Union which entered into in her work are characterized by a passionle for justice.Protocol, See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate,- etc., for thetrois depreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 3110th décembre 1995 et dans 1973 andWIKIPEDIA: characterised by the conclusion edit. Wil. SONS AND Co Ltd. London 2009. The Free Encyclopedia: Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: Abstract. http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm adécisions variety of in order to achieve theof “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually duways, Conseil d’association the Customs Union of 31 December
36
21 11 25 65
T_65_sosto2 14-11-11 14:27 ™ÂÏ›‰·21 T_62_TEL 18-02-11 13:14 ™ÂÏ›‰·66
E¶. A¶. TO¶. AYT. ¶EP. AN. / R.DEC. ADM. LOC. DEV. REG./ R. / R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC.GOV. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. DEV. E¶. A¶. TO¶. E¶. A¶. TO¶. AYT. ¶EP. AN. / R.DEC. ADM. LOC. DEV. REG.
GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
relatives aux droits sociaux des 1995. Three decisions by the Association travailleurs turcs. Curieusement, deux de Council on Turkish social and labour law ces décisions n’ont jamais été publiées au were also added to these achievements. Journal officiel, et la troisième ne l’a été Curiously, two of these decisions have qu’au titre de «communication», pas de never been published in the Official «législation», ce qui laissait aux États Journal and the third was only published membres les mains libres pour agir à leur as a «communication» and not guise. C’était compter sans l’intervention By Mr. «legislation» which left it up to member George-Sp.,C. ATHANASOPOULOS de la Cour européenne de Harvard justice qui, to interpret as Student, they so University,states Graduate School of them Design, alors que ces différents textes ne By Mr. George-Sp. ATHANASSOPOULOS wished. ThisC.failed to countArchitect on the semblaient pas contraignants, a Student ofof the School of Architecture intervention the European Court of Technical University oftexts Crete commencé, à partir de 1987, à les Justice (given that these different interpréter de manière extensive, en did not appear binding), which, as from 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept veillant à ce que le droit communautaire 1987, began to subject them to extensive 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient devienne, pour les travailleurs turcs,Greek «un philosopher, interpretation and ensure that ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370for BC, rempart contrewise les lois du marché, qui among other heritage he left us, he established a great the Community(444 law became, allAthens), Turkish among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition heworkers, established a great font du migrant un homme jetable après against the laws the of acquisition of knowledge startshe with of «a therampart content of“principle”: concepts. acquisition starts with theindefinition the content of concepts. emploi». Enof knowledge clair, onauthis fil“principle” d’une market, which turns immigrants into Based, therefore, athe first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 (and Based, therefore, on this inindicated a first, if (in not final, approach, term cinquantaine d’arrêts qui“principle” sont something tothe throw away after the work is urban gentrification) is area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification commentés par l’auteur au même titre done». Following around fifty rulings, Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Sociology as well), the “refining” of a citycommented area, from this, of (in various que tousof lessocial accords deas base, la Courofa fait on by the author, as artists, he also ways), groups, usually low-income andthe theremoval placement there ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, en sorte que l’Accord d’association does with all the other basic agreements, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of the operation ofintégrante art galleries,durestaurants, etc. However “change”, regardless devienne partie droit the European Court Justice, decided whatever other consequences has, results also risingthis of landofprices (and theof communautaire et aspeculation). ainsi permis quehas, les results whatever other consequences also of land prices (and the that therising Association Agreement should potential relative travailleurs turcs puissent s’éloigner partand of Community potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found«de at first inbecome the UKan in integral early 1960s it refers to law allow Turkish l’extranéité pourgentrification pénétrer, partiellement, The term found atpeople first in the UKsubsequently in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy toand buy property in poor workers to come in from the cold dans le cercle des citoyens de l’Union». the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents«and areof partially, penetrate the circle of citizens D’où ce commentaire du Pr. Lyon-Caen: London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. of the Union». This explains why «L’on mesure mieux, grâce à cet ouvrage, being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth Professor Lyon-Caen that, ce qu’apporte un processus de is situations A description ofperiod, this phenomenon included inwere the work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar recorded inasserts other major «thanks towere this book, we are bettermajor able juridification, tel que celui dont les Turcs GLASS at the same period, while similar situations recorded in other cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. measure how this judicial process has ont pu tirer profit». countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western Since then, the issue has preoccupiedtoseveral scholars and for its more been of benefit to Turkish Toutefois, de par ces Accord, Since then, the issue has several scholars andcitizens». for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized below, from the Nonetheless, via these agreements, in Protocole et décisions tels qu»interprétes comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: addition to the protocol and decisions par la Cour de justice, la question se pose interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups interpreted by the European Court of aussi de savoir si la Turquie, en outre to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus forJustice, severalthere reasons: high costs in money is also the question of nantie désormais de son statut de pays and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lackfrom of the whether Turkey, now benefiting its candidat, témoigne de la même 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, status as candidate country, is subject to considération que l’Union pour «l’ordre Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, entertainmentthe “atsame the heart of the city”, the (possibly) Unionfor public baséeducation, surThe la prééminence Youtheuropéen Unemployment. same year she left Germany andconsideration after continuousasmovements lower living costquestion, of, in “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc. studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back to public London, where with regard to, «European order du droit». Cette Prodromos in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and based on the pre-eminence of law». MAVRIDIS ne l’élude pas, bien au University College of London, where she continued her social research. Her public action and long-termluiinformal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers does of buying MAVRIDIS not contraire, instruit ce dossier avec la her work arequi characterized by a passion for justice.Prodromos See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling real estate, etc., for the depreciation initially of part of the urban web, in attempt evade the question and, on the 10th edit. Wil. COLLINS SONS AND Co Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: même méticulosité juridique. Examen Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: Abstract. http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a variety of ways, in order to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually contrary, tackles it with the same réussi? Des carences restent patentes 66
252137 11
T_65_sosto2 14-11-11 14:27 ™ÂÏ›‰·21 T_62_TEL 18-02-11 13:14 ™ÂÏ›‰·67
E¶. A¶. TO¶. AYT. ¶EP. AN. / R.DEC. ADM. LOC.DEV. DEV.REG. REG./ R. / R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC.GOV. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. DEV. E¶. A¶. TO¶. AYT. ¶EP. AN. / R.DEC. ADM. LOC.
GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Student of the School of Architecture Technical University of Crete
1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept 1. Introductory approach: the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” ameticulous first, if of not final, approach, the as term judicial approach he 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification (and urban gentrification) is indicated tackles the rest of the book. Does he pull 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various off? There are obviously glaring Turkish Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city shortcomings, area, the removal from this,the (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of which is why author dans le chef d’Ankara. D’où la bonne ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art etc.cites, However “change”, regardless of as partthis of his conclusion, an idea put idée de l’auteur de galleries, citer, en restaurants, guise de the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the forward by Jacques Delors at the conclusion, un propos tenu par Jacques whatever othereuropéen consequences also rising of land prices (and«for the potential relative speculation). European College of Palma in 2005, Delors au Collège de Parmehas, en results potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to Turkey, it is a question of whether the 2005: «Pour la Turquie, la question est de The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to European Union, in the face of rising the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas of savoir si l’Union européenne, devant la the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas of fundamentalism, rejection of otherness London,des upgrade them, stay montée intégrismes, duthemselves rejet de sometimes there and thus old residents are London, them, stay themselves sometimes there attacks, and thus old are and violent has residents to say no, l’autre et laupgrade violence des attentats, doit being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”. definitively. If it did, we would be direA non, définitivement non. En agissant is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth description of this phenomenon A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the work ofthat Sociologist Ruth reinforcing therecorded feeling Christian ainsi, nous le sentiment GLASS atrenforcerions the same while que similar in the other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major world rejects the Muslim world. Should le monde chrétien rejette by le other monde cities in Western countries, Researchers. we not be sendingand outfor a different cities in Western countries, by other musulman. Est-ce qu’il faut pasResearchers. Since then, the issuene has preoccupied several scholars its more message that demonstrates our Since then, the issue has several below, scholars andthe foropenness its more donner le signe contraire, montrant notre comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized from various of spirit, our passion through respect for ouverture d’esprit, notre passion par le comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: others and their convictions, in favour of respect autres de leurs convictions, interpretations of the phenomenon thecategory following: In ades sense, theet phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups the path of dialogue and mutual pour le chemin dialogue la to “return” to thedu city, leaving et thedepurlieus for several reasons: high costs in money recognition? This is what the European reconnaissance mutuelle? C’est ce qu’a and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the Council has done byGLASS saying yes to fait le1.Conseil disant oui à laRuth GLASS, termeuropéen from Sociologist 1912-1940. Ruth search wasbetter born in sense ofThe safety atcomes the distributed residencies outside town centres, for negotiations. No more than that. It is up négociation. Pas plus.her Ά first chacun de In 1932 she published an important study entitled: Berlin, where she studies. services of health,made education, entertainment heart of the city”,that (possibly) to“at allthe of us to demonstrate we canfor Youth Unemployment. same year she left Germany and after continuous movements démontrer que l’on peutThe vivre ensemble, lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back to London, live together, in a spirit of diversity, dans un esprit de différences et sous in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and subject to bona fide rules acceptable to l’emprise des règlesofdu jeu acceptées parcontinued University College London, where she her social research. Her public action and long-term informal by organized groups, The manufacturers, brokers of test will still need toDICTIONARY. bebuying taken, tous. Le test reste effort à faire, cours her work are characterized by a au passion for justice.all. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH and selling real estate, etc., for the depreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. COLLINS SONS AND Co Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: precisely through negotiations». précisément des négociations». G. ALEXANDRI: Abstract. http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually Michel Theys Michel Theys
38
21 11 25 67