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ΕΠΙΧΕΙΡΗΜΑΤΙΚΟΤΗΤΑ ΕΡΓΑΣΙΑ: GENTRIFICATION Definition, TypesΚΑΙ ofΜΙΣΘΩΤΗ Intervention, ΑΝΤΙΘΕΣΕΙΣ ΚΑΙ ΣΥΜΦΩΝΙΕΣ Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Του Καθηγητού Σπ. ΒΛΙΑΜΟΥ Concerns Κοσμήτωρος, Σχολής Οικονομικών Επιστημών και Διοίκησης Πανεπ. ΝΕΑΠΟΛΙΣ, Πάφος,

By Mr. George-Sp. ATHANASOPOULOS Ομοτίμου Καθηγ.C. Πολιτικής Οικονομίας Harvard University, Graduate SchoolΠαν/μίου of Design,Αθηνών Student, Εθνικού και Καποδιστριακού By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Student of the School of Architecture Technical University of Crete

Εισαγωγή Η οικονομική θεωρία ορίζει ότι για να παραχθούν τα τελικά αγαθά που θα αγορασθούν στηνDefining αγορά, the τα concept οποία καλούνται εκροές, πρέπει 1. Introductory approach: 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept προηγουμένως να υπάρξουν οι εισροές στην παραγωγική διαδικασία οι ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC 370 BC, Athens), οποίες other καλούνται συντελεστές Παραδοσιακά, η κρατούσα among wise heritage he leftπαραγωγής. us, he established a great “principle”: the among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition established aπαραγωγής greatof“principle”: the οικονομική παραδέχεται ότι οιhe συντελεστές είναι το acquisition ofθεωρία knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. acquisition of knowledge with theοι the content of concepts. Based,ηtherefore, on this “principle” indefinition a first, πολλές if of not final, approach, the term έδαφος, εργασία και τοstarts κεφάλαιο, οποίοι φορές αποκαλούνται 1 (and urban therefore, on this “principle” inindicated a first,αποθέματα. if (in notthe final, approach, theύλες term gentrification) is area ofπρώτες Planning) (or gentrification και Based, πρωτογενείς παράγοντες και αποτελούν (Οι 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various και η ενέργεια ονομάζονται δευτερογενείς συντελεστές επειδή Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, removal fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe the placement λαμβάνονται από τους πρωτογενείς). Αυτή η παραγωγική διαδικασία ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation ofσυνάρτηση art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”,συντελεστές regardless of ονομάζεται παραγωγής. Οι πρωτογενείς the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof συμμετέχουν στην παραγωγήhas, αλλά ποτέ στο whatever other consequences results also δεν risingενσωματώνονται of land prices (and the potential relative speculation). παραγόμενο προϊόν, όπως γίνεται, για παράδειγμα, με τις πρώτες ύλες, potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to ούτεthen μετασχηματίζονται άλλα προϊόντα, όπως για1960s παράδειγμα τα The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early and itareas refers the observed trend ofisσε wealthy to buy property in poor ofto Σύγχρονες προσεγγίσεις διακρίνουν τοof καύσιμα που κινούν τις μηχανές. the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old residents are ανθρώπινο κεφάλαιο απόθεμα της γνώσηςthere στοand εργατικό δυναμικό) London, upgrade them, (το stay themselves sometimes thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”. από την εργασία (Samuelson and Nordhaus, 2004). Σχετικά πρόσφατα οι A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded workσυντελεστή: of Sociologist Ruth οικονομολόγοι πρόσθεσαν έναν τέταρτο παραγωγικό την GLASS at the same while similar in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major επιχειρηματικότητα, την by οποία θεωρούν ως μέρος του ανθρώπινου cities in Western countries, otherπολλοί Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more κεφαλαίου. Since then, the issue has preoccupied scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from Η επιχειρηματικότητα, σύμφωνα several με την οικονομική θεωρία comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: συνδυάζει όλους τους υπόλοιπους συντελεστές στην παραγωγική interpretations the phenomenon of thecategory following: In a sense, για theof phenomenon is dueαγαθών togentrification, a trendκαι of a υπηρεσιών new of social groups διαδικασία την παραγωγή με στόχο την to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money δημιουργία κερδών (Sullivan and Sheffrin 2003). Ο επιχειρηματίας, and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the συγκεκριμένα, συντονίζει την Ruth χρήση των δικώνRuth του κεφαλαίων termat comes from Sociologist GLASS, 1912-1940. GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, search (χρηματοοικονομικό κεφάλαιο) με τα κεφάλαια που μπορεί να δανεισθεί Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The χρηματιστήριο, same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for από άλλους (τράπεζες, κ.α.). lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came to back to London, Επομένως εργασία είναι ηthe ανθρώπινη και πνευματική in According 1943 she published studies regarding city planning. In φυσική 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, phenomenon is due a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. Her public action and προσπάθεια η οποία συμμετέχει σε groups, μια παραγωγική διαδικασία και έχει long-term effort by organized manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. ως αμοιβή μισθό ή ημερομίσθιο. Επιχειρηματικότητα είναι ένας παράγων and selling real estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. COLLINS SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

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