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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Pierre MOSCOVICI Definition, Types of intervention, Concerns of Gentrification European Commissioner for Economic and Concerns Financial Affairs, Taxation and Customs Speech at the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15 February 2017

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student,

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Ladies and Gentlemen, good afternoon.

Student of the School of Architecture Technical University of and Crete It is a pleasure and a great honour to stand before you here today

accept your Doctor Honoris Causa. I have long had a deep affection for 1. Introductory approach: the concept Greece and its people, with Defining their unparalleled history. More recently, I have 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept ANTISTHENIS, ancient philosopher, (444 BC - 370effort BC, Athens), been personally, andthe still am, atGreek the forefront of the collective to help ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great “principle”: this proud nation emerge from a crisis that has lasted far too long.

And I the am among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. confident that Greece is closer than ever to turning the page on this difficult acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition of the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if not final, approach, the term chapter, to emerging with a stronger and more stable economy, and with its 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification place confirmed in the eurozone and the European Union.

1 (and gentrification urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various But today, here at the oldest university of the modern Greek state, I want ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, of to social groups, usually of low-income and placement there of artists, toways), speak you much more broadly about ourthe shared European future. the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless Because, as we consequences prepare to mark sixtieth the Treaty ofof whatever other has,the results also anniversary rising of landofprices (and the whatever otherspeculation). consequences results alsochallenges. rising of land prices (and the Rome, therelative European Union faces has, unprecedented potential potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to I was born the same year isasfound that Treaty signed - I will notand ask you The term gentrification first inwas the UK in early 1960s itareas refersto the then observed trend of wealthyatpeople to buy property in poor ofto comment on which of us has aged better!

My generation is the first in the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof Western Europe not to have lived through the devastation of war, or the London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. cruelty of undemocratic regimes. My mother and father - both Jewish, one being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth bornAindescription France ofofPolish parents, oneisborn in Romania - knew this phenomenon included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same period, while similar situations inthose otherthings major first hand.

For me, those times are memories conveyed to me by my parents.

GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, issue has more Of course, forthe Greeks, and even moreseveral so forscholars citizensand of for ouritsnewer Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various Member States, the transition or return to democracy after yearsmore of comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon ofisgentrification, following: dictatorship and totalitarianism more recent.the But for anyone turning 18 interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: In ain sense, is due a trend of a new of social groups today anythe of phenomenon our countries, the to only Europe theycategory have known is one of to “return”democracy to the city, and leaving theborders. purlieusThat for several reasons: high costs in -money freedom, open is of course a happy thing but it and to travel purlieus to because downtown, work place of is, lack of the alsotime presents us from withthe a challenge, thewhere counterfactual a Europe 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, without the European Union is for them abstract and intangible. Many young Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) people in the south of our continent have also come to associate withfor Youth Unemployment.

The same year she left Germany and after continuousEurope movements lower living costcrisis of, in “withdrawal” from private easier access etc.where studies and research Geneva, London and New York she came to back to London, the economic and thePrague, huge levels of car unemployment wemarkets, have seen in in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and recent years.

Forofthem, thewhere European ideal has failed, and theyHer seepublic austerity as University College London, she continued her social research. action and long-term informal by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying aher very heavy price effort to pay being the euro.

And the populists that work are characterized by afor passion forin justice.

See also: COLLINS ENGLISH know DICTIONARY. and selling real estate, etc., for the depreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit.

Wil. COLLINS SONS AND Co Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: very well.

G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

8

Europe's political and economic landscape has changed immeasurably.

The UK referendum and the US election have shaken our preconceptions about politics in the Western world. Brexit and the presidency of Donald Trump are two major challenges: we need to build a strong response to those who dream of a divided or weakened Europe, and this response is our unity.

These were two major electoral upsets - and there are many more unpredictable appointments with the ballot box in the next ten months: in the

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Netherlands, France and Germany, to name but a few. And yet there may also Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, be an opportunity for voters to take a bold, positiveC.step towards aArchitect bright

By Mr. George-Sp. ATHANASSOPOULOS future of peace, if, as I hope, an agreement canStudent be reached in Cyprus and put to of the School of Architecture the people for their endorsement. Think what a Technical wonderfulUniversity and inspiring of Crete counter-example that could be, the year following the Brexit vote. Of course, Introductory approach: Defining the concept we1.are not there yet.

1.

Introductory the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS,approach: the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, I would like to talk to you today about how I interpret, to ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370and BC,how Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the respond, to the populist tsunami that is rumbling across the“principle”: West. among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a great acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content of concepts. the acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a wave?] first, if of not final, approach, the term [First, how do we interpret the populist 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term (or gentrification (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) The achievements of thegentrification) past half-century are (in under threat as never 1 (and urban gentrification is indicated the area of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various before.

Notasonly the achievements ofa city European integration, butthis, those of the Sociology well), as the “refining” of area, the removal from (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, international and security architecture, toplacement which we owe our ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and thethis there of artists, the operation oftrading art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”, regardless of unprecedented peace and prosperity.

But what is driving this backlash?

The the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof fact is that a growing part of has, our results populations consider themselves whatever other consequences also rising of land prices (andthe the potential relative speculation). losers of globalisation.

They feel they are at a dead-end economically, potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to socially thus politically.

They lost trust in in the existing systems, and The and term gentrification foundhave atpeople first in the UK early 1960s and itareas refers the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor ofto are seeking new ways to express their frustrations, and new leaders who they the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof hope will champion their interests.

They want radical and do not London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes therechange, and thus oldthey residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”. believe it can come from an establishment they see as detached from reality, A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth A description this phenomenon is situations included the recorded work oftoSociologist Ruth geographically andofsocially distant from them, andinwere indifferent inequality.

GLASS at the same period, while similar in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries,to bythis other Researchers.

[So how do we respond wave?] cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more Since the issue has preoccupied several below, scholars andthe fornational its more There arethen, of course many facets to this situation, many from specific comprehensive approach are being summarized various comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various or local aspects within the international trend.

There is no one-size-fits-all interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: response, and no silver bullet that can burst the populists’ bubble.

I certainly In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new category of social groups do“return” not havetoall answers, but purlieus I do have for high how costs the European to thethe city, leaving the forseveral severalideas reasons: in money Union, and eurozone particular, can respond to this challenge. and time to the travel from theinpurlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, 2016 theshe year that our certainty into question, and is likely to be Berlin,was where made her called first studies.

In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment.

The same she leftwas Germany after continuous movements remembered as the year whenyear Europe hit byand Brexit.

Some would add thatfor lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, 2016 also marked ourstudies entry regarding into a post-factual world. in According 1943 she published cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public action and long-term informal effort bycannot organized brokers of buying What I know is that 2017 be groups, the yearmanufacturers, that Europe stood still. her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit.

Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: Instead, it must be the year in which pro-European parties begin to join forces.

G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually Because we have little time to ensure that what President Juncker has called

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, My message today therefore is clear: we need to respond to Europe’s Definition, of Concerns ofcitizens.

Gentrification challenges and the demands ofTypes our We intervention, need to fight the populists and euroscepticism with vigour and with ideas. !

Concerns

the "last chance Commission" does not become simply "the last Commission". !

My vision is simple: some might regret it, those who dreamed with Victor Hugo of "United States of Europe", but Europeans are not ready for a federal George-Sp. ATHANASOPOULOS leap forward. They want nations toBy beMr. respected and C. closely involved in the Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, design of the European project. A federation of nation states, as Jacques Delors

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect said, remains the most relevant and dynamic concept to shape common Student of the Schoolour of Architecture future.

Technical University of Crete

My ambition is strong: we must build a more political Europe, with a 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept strong eurozone atapproach: its heart.

1. Introductory the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BCa -book 370 BC, Athens), Following thewise UK referendum, I spent my summer writing to develop among other heritage he left us, he established a great “principle”: the among other he leftthe us,definition he established a need greatof “principle”: this concept.

Ifwise we heritage wantstarts a more political Europe, three things: the a acquisition of knowledge with of thewe content concepts. acquisition of knowledge starts theindefinition the content of concepts.

Europe that better protects its with citizens; aa first, Europe that is both more political Based, therefore, on this “principle” if of not final, approach, the term 1 (and urban therefore, on this “principle” in a first, real if (in not final, approach, the term and Based, more democratic; and a Europe thatis delivers economic dynamism. gentrification) indicated the area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various [Our first response: Europe thatofprotects] Sociology as well), as A the “refining” a city area, fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of Europe needs to be able to prove toetc. all However parts of this its “change”, population thatartists, it is the operation of art galleries, restaurants, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results of mean land prices (and theof still able to offer them protection.

And byalso thatrising I do not a protectionist whatever otherspeculation). consequences has,not results also rising of land (and the potential Europe - relative protectionism is a danger, a solution - I believe in prices a Europe that potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to has the capacity to make globalisation work for those that currently see it as The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas of their enemy. the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas of London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are We need to ensure that competition policy is applied way that London, upgrade them, stayour themselves sometimes there and thus in oldaresidents are being indirectly “squeezed”. facilitates the creation of European "champions", able to compete and win being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth global market share.

A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western by otherour Researchers.

We also need countries, to modernise trade policy, by strengthening our cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has several scholars and forinto its more defence instruments and by integrating fiscal dumping our Since then, the issue has preoccupied several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach are being summarized from negotiations. And of course, we must be vigilant about future trade policy comprehensive approach are being summarized from the various interpretations of the of gentrification, thebelow, following: moves by the new USphenomenon administration. interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new category of social groups We also need learn to the think "European" inreasons: terms high of security, both to “return” to theto city, leaving purlieus for several costs in money internal and external.

Defence spending must be a shared burden.

Terrorists and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the threaten European values, and European cities.

This requires 1.of The termat comes from European Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS wasbetter bornain sense safety thelives, distributed residencies outside town centres, for Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: collective response. services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private easier access to markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and car New York show she came back And as Greece knows very well, Europe must that itto London, is able to in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and protect not only its own people, but also those fleeingHer from war and University College of London, where she continued her social research. public action and long-term informal by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying persecution.

Thereeffort is no between open DICTIONARY. mind and her work are characterized by acontradiction passion for justice.

See also:keeping COLLINS an ENGLISH and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit.

Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: heart for those fleeing persecution elsewhere, and the need to secure our G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually external borders, which is a key condition for Europeans to accept the absence

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification [Our second response: A more political and more democratic Europe] Concerns

of internal borders. We must always remember that European values are those of open societies and open economies: while some want to build walls, we must build bridges - human, cultural, economical bridges.

10

There is no single institutional answer to delivering a more democratically legitimate Europe. I know the European institutions better

By Mr.of George-Sp. C. of ATHANASOPOULOS than most: I have twice been a member the Council Ministers, twice a Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, member of the European Parliament, and now since 2014 a member of the

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect European Commission. I know their strengths.

But I also recognise their Student of the School of Architecture shortcomings, and I know that the inefficiencies Technical and complexities of the University of Crete current situation are a key driver of the urge to “take back control". Nation 1. Introductory approach: the concept states are portrayed as theDefining only political vehicle able to provide efficient 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept action, democratic acceptability and control of one's is a ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444own BC -destiny.

370 BC,This Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BCto-“principle”: 370 Athens), mirage: but itwise is aheritage politically bankable one.

So we(444 findBC, a way to among other he left us, he established ahave great the among other wise heritage left us,definition he established a great the strengthen the political contract - and the political contact - between Europe acquisition of knowledge startshe with the of the content of“principle”: concepts. acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term and its citizens.

1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification Above all, for1 (and voters to see the EU asislegitimate, they must see it as (or a gentrification urban gentrification) indicated (in the area of Planning) Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various problem-solver rather than a problem-maker or a problem-amplifier.

Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of the of art restaurants, etc. and However this “change”, regardless of To operation bridge the gulfgalleries, between EU citizens the EU institutions, we artists, need the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other results also rising ofdecisions land prices theof governments to consequences overcome thehas, temptation to support in (and Brussels whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential only to relative attack them when they get home.

Inconsistency of this sort potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to undermines trust, not only in the EU institutions, but also in the politicians The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas of who pass such messages, further fuelling popular disdain. the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas of London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are And we need to them, forgestay a stronger between voters and who London, upgrade themselveslink sometimes there and thus oldthose residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. represent them in Europe.

The European Parliament and the Commission being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth can Aboth their by inwere investing further inmajor the description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at thestrengthen same while legitimacy similar in other GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major Spitzenkandidaten idea, whereby each pan-European political party nominates cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. in Western countries, by other Researchers. acities candidate to be President ofpreoccupied the Commission.

I would also and support themore idea Since then, the issue has several scholars for its Since then, the issue has several scholars and for various its more of strengthening the European Parliament's role of supervisor andthe democratic comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized below, from comprehensive approach are being summarized the various monitor, including when it comes to economic governance of from the eurozone.

At interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thebelow, following: interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: the same time, I believe that there is more that can be done to strengthen the In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new category of social groups role of national policymaking. to “return” to theparliaments city, leavingin theEuropean purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the [Our third response: A more economically dynamic Europe] termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, she made first to studies.

1932 published an important study entitled: But wewhere will never beherable takeInon theshe populist movements in(possibly) Europe services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for until we reverse austerity trend and eurozone lower living cost of,the “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London andthe Newdivergence York she cameamong back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding city planning.

In 1950 sheWe teacher in the economies that has defined the past six or seven years. to another approach, the phenomenon is due tobecame a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public action and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by arecovery passion forwhose justice.fruits See also: DICTIONARY. need to deliver a stronger areCOLLINS sharedENGLISH more equally, not and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: only between countries butAND also within countries and societies.!

G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, Types of aintervention, Concerns of We Gentrification We need to act on several levels. need relentless focus on human capital and productivity. That means structural reforms to improve the level Concerns of education and training for all of our citizens, from early schooling to lifelong

It is my sincere hope that Greece can be the first country to implement such an economic strategy. !

learning. That is one of the most concrete ways in which we can fight inequality.

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS

Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student,

We need to do more to close the enormous investment gap that is one of

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect the lasting legacies of the crisis. We have made a start theofInvestment Student of thewith School Architecture Plan for Europe, through which financing agreements signedUniversity as of January Technical of Crete 2017 have the potential to trigger almost 170 billion in additional 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept investments.!

1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greekfor philosopher, And we need to continue fighting fair taxation. Having had to tighten ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he more left us,than he established a great their own belts and nowhere in Greece - Europeans havethe no among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition hehere established a great acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content of“principle”: concepts. the indulgence for those who starts do notwith paythe their fair share the of taxes.

Our is clear: acquisition of knowledge content ofgoal concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” indefinition a first, if of not final, approach, the term multinationals must pay their appropriate share of taxes where they create 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification profits.

We are moving in that direction.

I am proud to say this European 1 gentrification (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Commission has done more in the lastarea, twothe years to promote fairvarious and Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city removal from this, (in ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, transparent taxation than has been achieved inand thethe previous twothere decades.

But ways), of social groups, usually of low-income placement of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of we have much work still to do. the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof whatever otherthe consequences potential relative speculation).

[Strengthening eurozone] has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to Above we need press with business The all, term gentrification found aton first in the UK unfinished in early 1960s and itareas refersof the then observed trendto ofiswealthy people tothe buy property in poor ofto completing the Economic and Monetary Union. the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”.

The eurozone must become the beating heart of the and newthus Europe that will being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description this phenomenon is included in the Ruth emerge from theofupcoming separation with the UK.work And of forSociologist that to happen, A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major the eurozone needs to show that integration is not the problem, but the GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. solution.

The eurozone needs to deliver prosperity for all of its Member States, cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has several scholars andpeople. for itsI more and all sections of society. This is for Greece, and for the Greek have Since then, the issue has preoccupied several below, scholars andthe for its more comprehensive approach are being summarized from dedicated much of my efforts in recent years to avoiding Grexit: thisvarious would comprehensive approach are being summarized from the various interpretations the phenomenon of gentrification, thebelow, following: have damaged of the integrity and even the "raison d'etre" - the meaning - of the interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: In aThis sense, phenomenon is due to aintrend of a new category social groups euro. is the no longer a threat.

Now, the days to come, we of must pave the to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money way for a success story: a strong Greece, recovering growth and confidence, and time jobs, to travel from the purlieus toat downtown, work place is, lack of the creating attracting investment, the heart where of a reinforced eurozone. termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, where she made her first studies.

In 1932 she published an important studyhealth entitled: The European Union willentertainment survive Brexit - but its long-term services of health, education, “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for depends on us of, being able to strengthen the eurozone.

That’s why weetc. have lower living cost “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back to London, where 1943 she published studies regarding city planning.

In 1950 sheto became teacher in the toin According continue working onapproach, the future ofphenomenon our single currency.

European to another the is due a The systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public action and long-term informal effort organized manufacturers, Commission will set out by proposals ongroups, the future of the EU brokers at 27 inofa buying white her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, for the depreciation initially ofambitious part of the urban web, in paper which we willetc., publish next month, ideas for the 10th edit.

Wil. SONS AND Co Ltd. Londonincluding 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: Abstract. http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm adeepening variety ofofways, in orderand to achieve theunion. “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually the economic monetary

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student,

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Student of the School of Architecture Technical University of Crete My own views on what is needed are firmly held: completing the

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institutional and political architecture of the euro area implies in particular 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept providing it with a approach: real budget and creating a eurozone minister of finance, 1. Introductory Defining the concept ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444longer-term BC - 370 BC, Athens), accountable to the European Parliament.

But those are goals.

ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the Inamong the short need to tackle the profound that exist other wise we heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of term, knowledge startshe with of the divergences content concepts. inacquisition our currency union and learn act in the common interest. of knowledge starts withtothe the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” indefinition a first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” is in a first, if (in not final, approach, the term gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification Ladies and gentlemen, the coming yearindicated will be onethe of political transition 1 (and urban gentrification gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various in Europe - but it must not be a year of paralysis!

Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, of low-income andare thethis placement there artists, The achievements of usually therestaurants, past half-century under threat asofnever the operation of art galleries, etc. However “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless before. While do not yet has, know the details of the policies the(and Trump whatever otherwe consequences results also rising of land prices theof whatever otherwill consequences has,do results rising of land priceswill (andbe the administration pursue, we knowalso that their instincts potential relative speculation). potential relative speculation). protectionist and nationalist, and at that leitmotiv will 1960s be "America First".

The term gentrification is found firsttheir in the UK in early and it refers to The term gentrification foundtrading atpeople first inand the UK in early 1960s and to itareas refers Thatthen means that thetrend international architecture, which the observed ofiswealthy to security buy property in poor ofto theowe then observed trend wealthy people to there buy property in poor we our unprecedented peace and prosperity, is threatened asareas never London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes and thus old residents areof London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. before. being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth So let us mobilise.

Let ensure thatis2017 is the year in which we standRuth up A description ofperiod, thisus phenomenon included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist GLASS at the same while similar situations in other major and fight at forthe the united Europe that we continue believe in and that more GLASS same period, situationsto were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, bywhile othersimilar Researchers. than ever, we need.

A Europe that is not only dynamic and competitive but cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more also inclusive, social, fair.

A Europe that stands tall and strong on the Since then, the issue has several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized from international stage, proud of its values of openness and tolerance.

In that comprehensive approach are being summarized from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thebelow, following: sense, we must see the Trump administration not only as a challenge, but as interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new category of social groups an opportunity. to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money and timemoment, to travel from purlieus downtown, work placeofis,those lack ofwith the In this morethe than ever, to Europe needswhere the firmness 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, vision to mobilise resources and take this project forward.

Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for I studies will living beand pushing that, and more broadly for a more positive narrative lower cost of,for “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where research in Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, on Europe, and against populist lies, not only inInmy country but also in According 1943 she published studies regarding city planning.

1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the phenomenon is home due a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public action and beyond, in the coming months.

The honour you give me today will remain an long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. invaluable encouragement tothe doCodepreciation soLtd. in London the future. and selling real estate, etc., for initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. COLLINS SONS AND 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: Abstract. http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm aThank variety of ways, in order to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually you for your time and attention. !

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