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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns Της κυρίας Μαρ. ΜΠΩΚΟΥ
ΠΡΟΩΘΗΣΗ ΠΩΛΗΣΕΩΝ ΝΕΩΝ ΦΑΡΜΑΚΕΥΤΙΚΩΝ ΠΡΟΪΌΝΤΩΝ ΜΕ ΤΗΝ ΑΞΙΟΠΟΙΗΣΗ ΔΕΙΚΤΩΝ ΠΕΡΙΦΕΡΕΙΑΚΗΣ ΑΝΑΠΤΥΞΗΣ
Φοιτήτριας του Τμήματος Φαρμακευτικής Εθνικού καιBy Καποδιστριακού Αθηνών Mr. George-Sp. Πανεπιστημίου C. ATHANASOPOULOS
Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student,
ΕΙΣΑΓΩΓΗ By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Student of the Schoolγίνεται of Architecture Η προώθηση πωλήσεων νέων φαρμακευτικών προϊόντων πλέον Technical University ευκολότερα στο πλαίσιο της Ενιαίας Αγοράς της Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης, of μεCrete τη χρήση δεικτών περιφερειακής ανάπτυξης. Οι έρευνες αγοράς χρησιμοποιούν: 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept στοιχεία της Eurostat για τηνDefining πορεία the ανάπτυξης περιφερειών της 1. Introductory approach: concept δεκάδων ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 τη BC -βραχυχρόνια 370 BC, Athens), Ε.Ε., προβλέψεις της Ευρωπαϊκής Επιτροπής για και ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the μεσοπρόθεσμη πορεία των μεταβολών της ανάπτυξης, της ιδιωτικής among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. κατανάλωσης κ.λ., σε εθνικό επίπεδο των χωρών μελών, αλλά και δείκτες acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition of the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if not final, approach, the term ανταγωνιστικότητας Competitiveness Indices, RCI)theτων 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on(Regional this “principle” inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, term gentrification) is area of Planning) (or gentrification Περιφερειών (European Commission, 2019). 1 (and urban gentrification gentrification) indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal (in various Επομένως, οιasΈρευνες Αγοράς για area, προώθηση νέωνfrom Φαρμακευτικών Sociology as well), the “refining” of a city the removal this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, Προϊόντων (ΦΠ) που usually χρησιμοποιούν τα άνω στοιχεία, υλοποιούνται με ways), of social groups, of low-income and the placement of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”,there regardless of τμηματοποίηση περιφερειακών αγορών και προσαρμόζουν κατάλληλα τους the operation ofconsequences art galleries, restaurants, etc.also However regardless whatever other has, results risingthis of “change”, land prices (and theof στόχους πωλήσεων, τις τιμές has, πώλησης, κερδών ανά whatever otherspeculation). consequences results τα alsoπεριθώρια rising of land pricesκ.λ. (and the potential relative περιφερειακή και τελικά εθνική αγορά μεταξύ των 27 κρατών-μελών της potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης (Holly Carter,2018). The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old residents areof Ο ΔΥΝΑΜΙΣΜΟΣ ΑΓΟΡΑΣthere ΦΑΡΜΑΚΩΝ London, upgrade them,ΤΗΣ stay ΕΥΡΩΠΑΪΚΗΣ themselves sometimes and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. Ηindirectly ευρωπαϊκή αγορά φαρμάκων είναι ιδιαίτερα με πολύ being “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the workδυναμική, of Sociologist Ruth υψηλούς ρυθμούς ανάπτυξης, παραγωγής, επενδύσεων, δαπανών Έρευνας A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major και Αγοράς (R&D), εξωτερικών εμπορικών συναλλαγών κ.λ. Με βάση το ύψος GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. του Ακαθάριστου Εγχώριου Προϊόντος η several Ενιαία Ευρωπαϊκή Αγορά η Since then, the issue has scholars and for itsείναι more Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more δεύτερη μεγαλύτερη αγορά κόσμου μετά από αυτήν των με comprehensive approach areτου being summarized below, from theΗΠΑ, various comprehensive approach areκατοίκους. being summarized from the various πληθυσμό πάνω από 450 εκατ. Σύμφωνα με τα πλέον πρόσφατα interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thebelow, following: interpretations of the phenomenon thecategory following: στοιχεία τηςtheEuropean Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and In a sense, phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups Federations (EFPIA): Η αξία της παραγωγής κάθε είδους φαρμακευτικών to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money προϊόντων αυξήθηκε 199 δισ.to€downtown, το 2010 where σε 260work δισ. place € το is, 2018, η and time to travel fromαπό the purlieus lackενώ of the 1. The term comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth GLASS was born ταχεία αύξηση τουdistributed Παγκόσμιου Ακαθάριστου Εγχώριου έχειin sense of safety at the residencies outside town centres,Προϊόντος search for better Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: συμβάλει στην education, άνοδο του εμπορικού “at πλεονάσματος services of health, entertainment the heart of theφαρμακευτικών city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc.where προϊόντων από 71 δισ. € το 2010 σε 105 δισ. Συγχρόνως, οι δαπάνες για studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back to London, in According 1943και she ανάπτυξη published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another the is due a systematic and έρευνα γιαapproach, νέα φαρμακευτικά προϊόντα έχουν διαμορφωθεί σε University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying πολύ υψηλά επίπεδα, από 28 δισ. σε 36 δισ. € μεταξύ των ετών 2010 και her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for the depreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 2018. Τα Wil. εξαιρετικά μεγάλα ποσά έρευνα υποδηλώνουν την πρώτιστη 10th edit. SONS AND Co Ltd.για London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: Abstract. http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm aσημασία variety που of ways, in order to achieve theκλάδου “assisted”, “voluntary”, δίνουν οι βιομηχανίες του για να προωθούν (actually συνεχώς
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ολοένα και πιο καινοτόμα προϊόντα, που αποτελούν στοιχείο του έντονου ανταγωνισμού που επικρατεί. Σαφής ένδειξη του δυναμισμού της ευρωπαϊκής φαρμακευτικής βιομηχανίας είναι, ότι οι απασχολούμενοι στον κλάδο από 670.000 το 2010 ανήλθαν σε 765.000 το 2018 καθώς και το γεγονός πως οι πληρωμές φαρμακευτικών εταιρειών από τους θεσμοθετημένους ασφαλιστικούς φορείς αυξήθηκαν από 129 δισ. € το 2010 137 δισ.C.το 2018. Η σχετικά By Mr.σε George-Sp. ATHANASOPOULOS συγκρατημένη άνοδος αυτής της κατηγορίας δαπανών υποδηλώνει τιςStudent, τάσεις Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS συμπίεσης των κρατικών δαπανών για φάρμακα, με αποτέλεσμα να αυξάνει η Architect of the School of Architecture κατά κεφαλήν δαπάνη, που επωμίζονται οιStudent Ευρωπαίοι καταναλωτές, των Technical Universityύφεση of Crete οποίων διαχρονικά αυξάνει η αγοραστική δύναμη μετά την οικονομική της περιόδου 2008/2009. 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept για τη διαφημιστική δαπάνη δεν μπορούν να βρεθούν, εξαιτίας 1. Στοιχεία Introductory approach: the concept the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, (444 BC - 370 Οι BC,εταιρείες Athens), τωνANTISTHENIS, αυστηρών περιορισμών και κανόνων δεοντολογίας. ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great οφείλουν να ενημερώνουν απευθείας τους τελικούς καταναλωτές the με among otherknowledge wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition with of the content concepts. the αναλυτικέςof πληροφορίεςstarts για τις ιδιότητες των φαρμάκων που διαθέτουν. acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term Επομένως, η προώθηση πωλήσεων προϊόντων 1 (and Based, therefore, on this “principle” inindicated aνέων first, ifφαρμακευτικών notthe final, approach, the term urban gentrification) is (in area of Planning) (or gentrification «προσκρούει» έλλειψη αξιόπιστων στοιχείων, γεγονός, πουofσημαίνει, ότι 1στην gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom area Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal this, (in various χρειάζεται ναwell), βασίζεται περισσότερο από οτιδήποτε άλλο σεthis, αξιόπιστες Sociology as as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, Έρευνες με usually βάση τις οποίες θαandκαταρτισθεί η Στρατηγική ways), of Αγοράς, social groups, of low-income thethis placement of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”,there regardless of Προώθησης Πωλήσεων και οι διάφορες προωθητικές δράσεις, που θαof the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the αποσκοπούν στηspeculation). διάθεση νέων has, προϊόντων. Οι προωθητικές μπορεί whatever other consequences results also rising of landδράσεις prices (and the potential relative να υποβοηθηθούν σημαντικά από τα πλούσια και ομογενοποιημένα στοιχεία potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to τωνthen 27 term εθνικών Στατιστικών Υπηρεσιών (European The gentrification found atpeople first in the UKκρατών-μελών in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the observed trend ofiswealthy toτων buy property in poor Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Associations, 2019). the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old residents areof London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. ΕΡΕΥΝΕΣ ΑΓΟΡΑΣ ΣΕ ΠΕΡΙΦΕΡΕΙΑΚΟ ΤΩΝ 27 ΧΩΡΩΝ being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included inΕΠΙΠΕΔΟ the work of Sociologist Ruth ΜΕΛΩΝ ΤΗΣ Ε.Ε. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major Οι Έρευνες Αγοράς που γίνονται με βάση δείγματα νοικοκυριών, cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, byΙατρών other Researchers. φαρμακείων, στοιχείων και several λοιπώνscholars πηγώνandπρωτογενούς Since then, the issue has preoccupied for its more Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars andthe for various its more πληροφόρησης, approach επιτρέπουν εταιρείες να κάνουν comprehensive are στις beingφαρμακευτικές summarized below, from comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various εκτιμήσεις για of τιςthe πωλήσεις, που of θαgentrification, μπορούσαν να (όγκο και interpretations phenomenon theεξασφαλίσουν following: interpretations the gentrification, the following: αξία Τα phenomenon δείγματα θα of πρέπει ναofείναι προσεκτικά επιλεγμένα, In πωλήσεων). a sense, theof phenomenon is due to a trend a new category of social groups ώστε να είναι των αναγκών, αγοραστικής to “return” to theαντιπροσωπευτικά city, leaving the purlieus for several της reasons: high costs δύναμης, in money κ.λ. ολόκληρου του πληθυσμού μιας and time to travel from the purlieus toχώρας. downtown, where work place is, lack of the The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASSστην wasbetter born Οι Έρευνες σε Περιφερειακό Επίπεδο στηρίζονται ίδιαin sense1.of safety theΑγοράς distributed residencies outside town centres, for Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, entertainment “atΑγοράς the heart city”,αλλά (possibly) μεθοδολογία που education, χρησιμοποιούν οι Έρευνες σε of μιαthe χώρα, αφού Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc. προηγουμένως ληφθούν υπ΄όψει οι ιδιαιτερότητες και τα χαρακτηριστικά studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back to London, where in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheεξελίξεις, teacher in the to another approach, the is due tobecame a systematic and (οικονομικά, εισοδηματικές διαφορές, δημογραφικές επίπεδο University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying ιατροφαρμακευτικής περίθαλψης, πληθυσμιακή πυκνότητα) της περιφέρειας. her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in Οι Έρευνες Αγοράς σεAND επίπεδο Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης έχουν 10th edit. Wil. SONS Ltd.Περιφερειών London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm aμια variety ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, σειράofαπό πρόσθετα πλεονεκτήματα σε σύγκριση με αυτά (actually των δύο
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
ανωτέρω πολιτικών για Έρευνες Αγοράς, όπως την τμηματοποίηση της τεράστιας Ενιαίας Αγοράς σε μικρότερες επί μέρους αγορές (market segmentation), ώστε οι δυνητικοί πελάτες να ταξινομηθούν με ενιαίο τρόπο σε συγκεκριμένες κατηγορίες, λαμβάνοντας υπ΄όψει διάφορα κριτήρια, όπως ύψος εισοδήματος, ρυθμό ανάπτυξης της Ακαθάριστης Προστιθέμενης Αξίας, δείκτες υγείας (Γκανάτσιος,2017). πραγματοποιείται By Mr. Επιπροσθέτως George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS αξιοποίηση πλεονεκτημάτων από πωλήσεις σε μια School τεράστια ΕνιαίαStudent, Αγορά Harvard University, Graduate of Design, By Mr. George-Sp. ATHANASSOPOULOS χωρίς προβλήματα από ενδοκοινοτικές εισαγωγές C.και εξαγωγές.Architect Τέλος, of theσε School of Architecture επιτυγχάνεται η επικέντρωση προώθησης Student πωλήσεων περιφέρειες που Technical of Crete παρουσιάζουν μεγαλύτερες δυνατότητες απορρόφησης των University προϊόντων και χαμηλότερο ανταγωνισμό από υποκατάστατα φαρμακευτικά προϊόντα. 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept Η έρευνα αγοράς με βάση τα στοιχεία για της Ε.Ε. μπορεί 1. Introductory approach: Defining the conceptπεριφέρειες the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 τόσο BC - 370 BC, Athens), να ANTISTHENIS, βοηθήσει τις βιομηχανίες φαρμάκων να εντοπίσουν, τις ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370γενικευμένες BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the και εξειδικευμένες ανάγκες των διαφόρων κατηγοριών νοικοκυριών για among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the φαρμακευτικά παρασκευάσματα, υγιεινής κ.λ. όσο και την acquisition of knowledge starts with theείδη the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” indefinition a first, if of not final, approach, the term απορροφητικότητα, που μπορεί να έχουν από τις δυνάμεις της αγοράς, 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, theείδη term (and urban gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 που βρίσκονται σε κάποια φάση υλοποιούμενης Έρευνας και Ανάπτυξης gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal (in various (R&D), καθώς και την εκτίμηση για την «εύλογη τιμή», που θα μπορούσαν να Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, πληρώσουν διάφορες κατηγορίες καταναλωτών για ένα συγκεκριμένο ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”, regardless of φαρμακευτικό είδος με βάση τα διαθέσιμα εισοδήματά τους. the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof Οι έρευνες αγοράς σε περιφερειακό επίπεδο είναι of χρήσιμα εργαλεία whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising land prices (andγια the potential relative τη χάραξη, υλοποίηση και συνεχή προσαρμογή του Επιχειρησιακού Σχεδίου potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to (Business Plan) των εταιρειών (Roger Stirling, The term gentrification found atpeople firstvan in the UKHeuvel in earlyand 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy toden buy property in Chris poor 2017). the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old residents areof London, upgrade them,Αγοράς stay themselves sometimes there and old residents are Επίσης, Έρευνες σε επίπεδο Περιφερειών τωνthus χωρών μελών της being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”. Ε.Ε. μπορεί να συμβάλουν και με τη συλλογή στοιχείων για τα «μερίδια A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth A description ofγια thisήδη phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth αγοράς» κυρίως προωθούμενα φαρμακευτικά παρασκευάσματα – GLASS at–the same period, while similar in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major στον εντοπισμό των «ισχυρών» και «αδύναμων σημείων» μιας cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, byσύγκριση other Researchers. φαρμακευτικής εταιρείας σε με τους ανταγωνιστές της. for its more Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and Since then, the issue has several below, scholars andthe for various its more Η ανάλυσηapproach συγκριτικών πλεονεκτημάτων και μειονεκτημάτων – comprehensive arepreoccupied being summarized from comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threatsthe -SWOT Analysis - μπορεί interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, following: interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: να βοηθήσει τηνof εταιρεία ως is προς την αποτελεσματικότητα των εμπορικών In a sense, the phenomenon dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups to “return” to the leavingπεριφέρειες, the purlieus for several in money δικτύων της ανάcity, μεγάλες αλλά και reasons: ως προςhigh τηνcosts προσαρμογή and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, whereG.work placeand is, lack of the τιμολόγησης διαφόρων προϊόντων της (Richard Frank Paul B. 1.of The term from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. GLASS wasbetter born in sense safety atcomes the distributed residencies outside town centres, for Ginsburg, 2017). Η Έρευνα Αγοράς μπορεί να Ruth έχειsearch μεγαλύτερη Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart ofγια theμια city”, (possibly) αποτελεσματικότητα καιsame να αποφέρει μεγαλύτερα εταιρεία εάνfor Youth Unemployment. The year she left Germany andοφέλη after continuous movements lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc. συμβάλει στη βελτίωση των εσόδων της και στη συμπίεση των διαφόρων studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back to London, where in According 1943 sheτης, published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. 1950 sheto became teacher ανά in the to another approach, is due a systematic and δαπανών ενισχύοντας την the αύξηση των Inπεριθωρίων κέρδους University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying πωλούμενα προϊόντα (Αθανασόπουλος, 2018). Επιπροσθέτως, μειώνει τους her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling real estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part the urban web, in κινδύνους απώλειας κεφαλαίων πουLondon απαιτούνται για τηνof πραγματοποίηση 10th edit. Wil. COLLINS SONS AND Ltd. 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: Gentrification: G.ερευνών ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm aπολυδάπανων variety of ways, in order to achieve theνέων “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually για Abstract. την ανάπτυξη φαρμάκων.
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
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Σε τελική ανάλυση, η Έρευνα Αγοράς είναι ένα «εργαλείο» που βοηθά τις Διοικήσεις στις προσπάθειές τους για τη συνεχή βελτίωση των Αποδόσεων των Επενδυόμενων Κεφαλαίων (Return on Investments, ROI). Οι Αποδόσεις ROI δεν είναι δυνατόν να επιτευχθούν εάν η εμπορική πολιτική αφ΄ενός δεν αξιοποιεί μεθόδους ανάλυσης της κατάστασης και των προοπτικών των οικονομικών, δημογραφικών κ.λ. δεδομένων των Περιφερειών της Ε.Ε. και αφ΄ετέρου δεν βελτιώνει συνεχώς τις επιδόσεις και By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS την ανταγωνιστικότητα των εμπορικών δικτύων της εταιρείας στις διάφορες Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, περιφέρειες. By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Η Ευρωπαϊκή Στατιστική ΥπηρεσίαStudent EUROSTAT εκδίδει συνεχώς of the School of Architecture συγκεντρωτικά στοιχεία για τις διάφορες περιφέρειες της Ε.Ε. μεof Crete την Technical University διάκρισή τους σε τρεις κατηγορίες: NUTS 1, NUTS 2 και NUTS 3. Οι ευρύτατα 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept χρησιμοποιούμενοι όροι NUTS αποτελούν την κοινή ονοματολογία των 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 εδαφικών στατιστικών μονάδων (Nomenclature of Territorial for ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC - 370 BC,Units Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other he left us, he established a great the Statistics) καιwise είναιheritage κωδικοί που αναφέρονται σε γεωγραφικές υποδιαιρέσεις among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. των χωρών μελών, διευκολύνοντας την πραγματοποίηση στατιστικών acquisition ofτοπικό–περιφερειακό knowledge starts with επίπεδο. theindefinition the content of concepts. Based, σε therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term ερευνών Έτσι, π.χ. στην περίπτωση της 1 (and urban Based,στον therefore, on this “principle” inindicated a first, if (in not final, approach, the term gentrification) is area ofγεωγραφικές Planning) (or gentrification Ελλάδας κωδικό NUTS 1 περιλαμβάνονται 4 the μεγάλες 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ομάδες, στον κωδικό NUTS 2 οι συνολικά 13 περιφέρειες της Ελλάδας και, Sociology asNUTS well), “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually low-income andthe theremoval placement τέλος, στον 3as οιthe 51 Νομοίofτης χώρας. ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However των this “change”, of Συνεπώς, η κωδικοποίηση και ο διαχωρισμός 27 χωρώνregardless μελώνartists, της the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the Ε.Ε. σε διάφορες περιφέρειες επιτρέπουν την τμηματοποίηση της Ενιαίαςof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative Αγοράς σε ένα πολύ μεγάλο αριθμό περιφερειών (Γκανάτσιος, 2017). Αυτή η potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found first in the UK in early αγοράς 1960s andπωλήσεων it refers to τμηματοποίηση διευκολύνει τη atδιενέργεια ερευνών The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor φαρμάκων σε διάφορες περιφέρειες (NUTS 2 ή NUTS 3). Φυσικά, οι περιοχές, the then observed trend of wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves and thus old residents areof που θα επιλεγούν για stay τηνthemselves προώθηση των πωλήσεων ένα London, upgrade them, sometimes there and συνεπάγονται thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. κόστος, που θα “squeezed”. είναι τόσο μεγαλύτερο, όσο περισσότερες περιφέρειες θα being indirectly A description ofστην this phenomenon is included inθαthe work of Sociologist Ruth περιλαμβάνονται Για παράδειγμα, απαιτηθούν περισσότεροι A description ofperiod, thisέρευνα. phenomenon is situations included inwere the work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar recorded in other major οικονομικοί πόροι και ανθρώπινο δυναμικό εάν πραγματοποιηθούν έρευνες GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. αγοράς, θα καλύπτουν τιςother περιφέρειες NUTS 3, οι οποίες για τις 27 χώρες cities inπου Western countries, by Researchers. Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more μέληSince ξεπερνούν τις 1.600. Υπογραμμίζεται όμως, ότι and η χρήση των then, the issue has several scholars for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized below, from the στατιστικών στοιχείων για τις περιφέρειες NUTS είναι εύκολη, καθώς αυτά comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: βασίζονται στις έρευνες που έχουνofπραγματοποιήσει με ομοιογενή τρόπο οι interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is due togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups Εθνικές Στατιστικές Αρχές 27 χωρών μελών της Ε.Ε. to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the ΔΕΙΚΤΕΣ ΠΕΡΙΦΕΡΕΙΑΚΗΣ ΟΙΚΟΝΟΜΙΚΗΣ ΑΝΑΠΤΥΞΗΣ The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.of safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin,Ενδεικτικά where she made her first studies. In 1932 που she published anτο important study entitled: αναφέρονται οι δείκτες αφορούν συνολικό αριθμό services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”,movements (possibly)for Youth Unemployment. Theπεριφέρεια same year sheτου left κάθε Germany and after continuous απασχολουμένων ανά κράτους-μέλους, τη διαχρονική lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back to London, εξέλιξη τηςpublished απασχόλησης ανά περιφέρεια, συνολικά ήtobecame και ανά κλάδο in According 1943 she studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 she teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. Her αριθμού public and οικονομικής δραστηριότητας καθώς και τις συγκρίσεις του των long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers ofaction buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. απασχολουμένων ανά περιφέρεια και ανά initially χώρα, ως προς το urban σύνολο του and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation of part of the web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: πληθυσμού. Επί πλέον, το Ακαθάριστο Εγχώριο Προϊόν που αναλογεί ανά G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
περιφέρεια σε διαφορετικές χρονικές περιόδους, (εξαιρετικά χρήσιμο «εργαλείο» για να εντοπισθούν εκείνες οι περιοχές, που παρουσιάζουν υψηλότερα επίπεδα ανάπτυξης). Οι συγκρίσεις μπορεί να γίνουν και για διαφορετικές χρονικές περιόδους, ώστε να αναδειχθούν εκείνες οι περιφέρειες, που παρουσιάζουν «δυναμισμό» ή «χαμηλή ανταγωνιστικότητα» και καθυστέρηση), αλλά και το Ακαθάριστο Εγχώριο Προϊόν ανά κάτοικο περιφέρειας, ώστε να εντοπισθούν By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS με μεγαλύτερη ακρίβεια εκείνες οι περιφέρειες που παρουσιάζουν Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, μεγαλύτερα εισοδήματα ανά κάτοικο By(Αθανασόπουλος, Mr. George-Sp. C.2007). ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Οι σχετικοί δείκτες μπορεί να είναι υπολογισμένοι σε τρέχουσες ή σε Student of the School of Architecture σταθερές τιμές: στη δεύτερη περίπτωση έχει αφαιρεθεί η επίδραση του Technical University of Crete πληθωρισμού διαχρονικά και παρέχεται μια πλέον ακριβής εικόνα σχετικά με Defining the concept την1. Introductory πορεία της approach: αγοραστικής δύναμης των κατοίκων των διαφόρων 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept περιφερειών. Περιλαμβάνονται, επίσης, δείκτες (444 Ακαθάριστου ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC - 370 BC,Εγχώριου Athens), ANTISTHENIS, theκαι ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC 27 -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the Προϊόντος ανά κάτοικο σε σύγκριση με το μέσο όρο των χωρών μελών among other wiseΈνωσης heritage he left us,definition heδείκτες established a ανά greatκάτοικο the acquisition of knowledge startsκαι, with the of ΑΕΠ the content of“principle”: concepts. της Ευρωπαϊκής τέλος, με το acquisition ofΕγχώριο knowledge starts with the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” indefinition a first, if of not approach, the term Ακαθάριστο Προϊόν να the υπολογίζεται σεfinal, μονάδες ισοδύναμης 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on (Purchasing this “principle” inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) is area of Planning) (or gentrification αγοραστικής δύναμης Power Standards-PPS). Πρόκειται για 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various δείκτη, που συνυπολογίζει τη συναλλαγματική ισοτιμία μεταξύ των Sociology as well), asυπάρχει the “refining” of a city area, from this, of (inεθνικά various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement artists, νομισμάτων, καθώς ένας μεγάλος αριθμός χωρών πουthere έχουν ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of the operation of art restaurants, etc.ισοτιμιών However this regardless of νομίσματα και όχιgalleries, ευρώ, (οι μεταβολές των“change”, επηρεάζουν καιartists, την the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the αγοραστική τους δύναμη ή ικανότητα). whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative speculation). potential relative speculation). TheΔΕΙΚΤΕΣ term gentrification is found at first in the UKΑΞΙΑΣ in early 1960s and it refers to ΑΚΑΘΑΡΙΣΤΗΣ ΠΡΟΣΤΙΘΕΜΕΝΗΣ ΑΝΑ ΠΕΡΙΦΕΡΕΙΕΣ The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor Αποτελούν μια σειρά από σημαντικούς δείκτες που αποκαλύπτουν τη the then observed trend of wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves and thus old residents areof διαχρονική εξέλιξη της αξίας που δημιουργούν σε περιφερειακό επίπεδο London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. βασικές οικονομικές δραστηριότητες, όπως: πρωτογενής τομέας (γεωργία, being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of thisμεταποιητικές phenomenon isδραστηριότητες, included in the work of Sociologist Ruth αλιεία), βιομηχανία, κατασκευές, χονδρικό A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major και λιανικό εμπόριο, μεταφορές, χρηματοοικονομικές δραστηριότητες, GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. δημόσια διοίκησηcountries, κ.λ. cities in Western bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more Με βάση τους σχετικούς δείκτες μπορεί να προκύψουν μια for σειρά από Since then, the issue has several scholars and its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized below, from the various δευτερογενείς δείκτες, που are θα being είναι summarized χρήσιμοι γιαbelow, την παρουσίαση και comprehensive approach from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: επικαιροποίηση στοιχείων έρευνας αγοράς από επί μέρους περιοχές (NUTS 3). interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups Τέτοιοι δευτερογενείς δείκτες θα μπορούσαν να εντοπίσουν: τόσο την κατά to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money κεφαλήν ακαθάριστη αξία ανά περιφέρεια χωρών and time to travel from προστιθέμενη the purlieus to downtown, where workτων place is, lackμελών of the της Ε.Ε. και κατ΄επέκταση της residencies εκτιμώμενης αγοραστικής δύναμης, όσο τοin 1.of The term from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS wasκαι born sense safety atcomes the distributed outside town centres, for better Berlin, where των she made her firstπεριφερειών studies. In 1932 sheΕ.Ε. published an important study entitled: διαχωρισμό διαφόρων της ανάλογα με το δυναμισμό ή services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment.αδυναμίες The same year sheπεριφερειών left Germany and afterπροηγούμενα continuous movements for τις διαρθρωτικές των στα χρόνια, lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, διευκολύνοντας τις προβλέψεις για προοπτικές αγοραστικής δύναμης in According 1943 she published studies regarding city planning. Inτης 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the phenomenon is due a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research. Her public and των κατοίκων τουςeffort στα επόμενα χρόνια. long-term informal by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers ofaction buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. Θα μπορούσαν ακόμη να depreciation εντοπίσουν την αξιολόγηση της διαχρονικής and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for the initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Co Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: και της μελλοντικής πορείας της ακαθάριστης προστιθέμενης αξίας των G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
διαφόρων περιφερειών της κάθε χώρας μέλους με τη δυνατότητα χάραξης μιας πολιτικής προώθησης πωλήσεων των φαρμακευτικών προϊόντων σε εθνικό επίπεδο, επιλέγοντας τις περιφέρειες που έχουν μεγάλο δυναμισμό, οικονομικές επιδόσεις, πληθυσμιακή πυκνότητα καθώς επίσης και το συνδυασμό των οικονομικών στοιχείων για την πορεία της ακαθάριστης προστιθέμενης αξίας ανά περιφέρεια με δημογραφικούς δείκτες και δείκτες υγείας της ίδιας περιφέρειας.
By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, ΔΕΙΚΤΕΣ ΑΝΤΑΓΩΝΙΣΤΙΚΟΤΗΤΑΣ ΤΩΝ ΠΕΡΙΦΕΡΕΙΩΝ By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Προκειμένου να γίνουν προβλέψεις Student για τη of μελλοντική πορεία των the School of Architecture διαφόρων περιφερειών (NUTS 3) για μια σε Technical βάθος έρευνα αγοράς University of Crete
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χρησιμοποιούνται και «ποιοτικοί δείκτες» που συνδέονται με την 1. Introductory approach: the concept ανταγωνιστικότητα της κάθεDefining περιφέρειας. 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept Στην Ευρωπαϊκή Ένωση Greek ως «εργαλεία» για (444 τη Βιώσιμη ANTISTHENIS, the ancient philosopher, BC - 370Περιφερειακή BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among otherχρησιμοποιούνται wise heritage he left us, he established a περιλαμβάνονται great the Ανάπτυξη οι «11 πυλώνες» που στο amongΠεριφερειακής other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. Δείκτη Ανταγωνιστικότητας (Regional Competitiveness Index, acquisition of knowledge starts withτην theindefinition the content of (EUROPEAN concepts. Based, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term RCI) πουtherefore, καταρτίσθηκε από Ευρωπαϊκή Επιτροπή 1 (and urban Based, therefore, “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification COMMISSION, 2019). on this 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Οι Βασικοί Πυλώνες, ομάδα που περιλαμβάνει την: (1) Ποιότητα των Sociology asΜακροοικονομική well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, of (inκαι various ways), of social groups, usually ofΣταθερότητα, low-income and the placement artists, Θεσμών, (2) (3) Υποδομές, (4)there Υγεία (5) ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of Ποιότητα Πρωτοβάθμιας και Δευτεροβάθμιας Εκπαίδευσης. the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the Οι Πυλώνες της Αποτελεσματικότητας, ομάδα που περιλαμβάνει: (6)of whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative την Ανώτερη Παιδεία, (7) την Αποτελεσματικότητα της Αγοράς Εργασίας και potential relative speculation). term gentrification (8)The το Μέγεθος Αγοράς. is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor Οι observed Πυλώνες της Καινοτομίας είναι η ομάδα των κινητήριων δυνάμεων the then observed trend of wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves and thus old residents areof που εξασφαλίζουν υψηλούς αναπτυξιακούς ρυθμούς London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes thereκαι andπεριλαμβάνουν: thus old residents(9) are being indirectly “squeezed”. την Τεχνολογική Ετοιμότητα, (10) τις πολύ Προηγμένες και Πολυσύνθετες being indirectly “squeezed”. A description ofΔραστηριότητες this phenomenon(Business is included Sophistication) in the work of Sociologist Επιχειρηματικές και (11)Ruth τις A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major Καινοτομίες. GLASS at the same period, situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, bywhile othersimilar Researchers. Οin ευρωπαϊκός δείκτης RCI αποτελεί μετεξέλιξη του διεθνούς κύρους cities Western countries, by other Researchers. Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more Παγκόσμιου Δείκτη Ανταγωνιστικότητας (Global Competitiveness Index, Since then, the issue has several scholars andthe for its GCI) more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized below, from various που καταρτίζεται approach για τις ετήσιες εκθέσεις του World Economic Forum και comprehensive are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: έχει πολλαπλές εφαρμογές στη λήψη αποφάσεων για επενδύσεις, αξιολόγηση interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups Κινδύνων Αγοράς, Επιχειρηματικών και Πιστωτικών, αξιολόγηση της to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money Ποιότητας και του Δυναμισμού της κάθε περιφερειακής αγοράς ενώ είναι and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the δυνατό ναterm χρησιμοποιηθεί επιπρόσθετα για εκπονεύμενες αγοράς 1.of The from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruthέρευνες GLASS for was born in sense safety atcomes the distributed residencies outside town centres, search better Berlin, whereτων she φαρμάκων made her first(EUROPEAN studies. In 1932 she published 2019). an important study entitled: στον τομέα COMMISSION, services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, ΠΕΡΙΦΕΡΕΙΑΚΟΙ ΔΗΜΟΓΡΑΦΙΚΟΙ ΔΕΙΚΤΕΣIn 1950 in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University College ofδημοσιοποιεί London, where she continued her social Her public action and Η Eurostat μια σειρά δείκτες γιαresearch. δημογραφικές εξελίξεις, long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. οιherοποίοι μπορεί να αξιοποιηθούν για προώθηση πωλήσεων ανάλογα με τις and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: χρήσεις των διατιθέμενων φαρμακευτικών προϊόντων και οι οποίοι αφορούν: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
τις γεννήσεις ζώντων ανά περιφέρεια, την κατανομή ζώντων με βάση την κατανομή της ηλικίας των μητέρων τους, τον μόνιμο πληθυσμό ανά περιφέρεια, την κατανομή μόνιμου πληθυσμού με βάση την οικογενειακή κατάσταση και το φύλο, την πληθυσμιακή πυκνότητα υπολογιζόμενη με αριθμό κατοίκων ανά τετραγωνικό χλμ., τον ετήσιο αριθμό θανάτων ανά περιφέρεια και αριθμό κατοίκων, καθώς διάφορους όπως δείκτες By Mr.και George-Sp. C.δείκτες, ATHANASOPOULOS ολικής γονιμότητας, (στις ανεπτυγμένες χώρες είναι 2,1 αλλά υποχωρεί Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, αισθητά και εκδηλώνεται υπογεννητικότητα). Ο σχετικός δείκτης είναι By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Student of theσχετίζονται School of Architecture χρήσιμος για προώθηση πωλήσεων, ειδών που με τη Technical Universityδείκτες of Crete γεννητικότητα και τις ανάγκες γυναικών, βρεφών και παιδιών, μεταβολών του πληθυσμού και ισοζύγιο μεταξύ γεννήσεων και θανάτων, 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept δείκτες κατανομής approach: θανάτων ανάλογα με την ηλικία και το φύλο και, τέλος, 1. Introductory Defining the concept ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444εκπαίδευσης. BC - 370 BC, Athens), δείκτες κατανομής του πληθυσμού με βάση το επίπεδο ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. ΣΥΜΠΕΡΑΣΜΑ acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition of the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if not final, approach, the term Η αξιοποίηση των στοιχείων της Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης, που αφορούν 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in not final, approach, the term gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification οικονομικούς, δημογραφικούς και λοιπούς δείκτες(inthe των Περιφερειών της 1 (and urban gentrification) gentrification isarea, indicated thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city the removal (in various (NUTS 1, 2 as και 3), αποτελεί ένα καινοτόμο εργαλείο για τηνfrom πραγματοποίηση Sociology well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal this, (in various ways), of socialΕρευνών groups, usually of low-income and ευρήματα the placement there of artists, αξιόπιστων Αγοράς. Τα σχετικά επιτρέπουν στις ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”,there regardless of φαρμακευτικές εταιρείες, τη χάραξη και υλοποίηση ευέλικτων the operation ofconsequences art galleries, restaurants, etc.also However regardless whatever other has, results risingthis of “change”, land prices (and theof Επιχειρησιακών Σχεδίων, ώστε επιτυγχάνουν βελτιστοποίηση whatever otherspeculation). consequences has,να results also rising of land prices (andτης the potential relative αποτελεσματικότητας των εμπορικών δικτύων με ανώτερη ποιότητα, potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to ανώτερη καινοτομία, ανώτερη ανταπόκριση στις ανάγκες καταναλωτών The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in earlyτων 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor -πελατών τους. the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old residents areof Επιπροσθέτως, είναι καθοριστική η συμβολή τους διαμόρφωση London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and στην thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. μοναδικών ικανοτήτων, στην διαφοροποίηση στη μεγέθυνση being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included inπροϊόντων, the work of Sociologist Ruth περιθωρίων κέρδους και αποδόσεων επενδυθέντων κεφαλαίων (δείκτες ROI), A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Ruth GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recordedSociologist in other major καθώς και στην εξασφάλιση ανταγωνιστικού πλεονεκτήματος. Εν κατακλείδι, GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. ηcities ουσιαστική λόγω προσδιοριστικών παραγόντων η in Western countries, byεν other Researchers. Since then,επιτυχία the issueτων has preoccupied several scholars and for itsείναι more Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more κερδοφορία λόγω της αποτελεσματικής προώθησης φαρμακευτικών comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various comprehensive approach are being summarized from the various προϊόντων, αλλά και η ενίσχυση της Βιώσιμης Ανάπτυξης των εταιρειών σε interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thebelow, following: interpretations of the phenomenon thecategory following: περιφερειακό και ευρωπαϊκό επίπεδο. In a sense, the phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in ΠΗΓΕΣ: sense1.of safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin,European where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: of Pharmaceutical and Associations services of health,Federation education, entertainment “at theIndustries heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for (EFPIA) (2019): «The Pharmaceutical Industry in Figures» lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the https://www.efpia.eu/media/413006/the-pharmaceutical-industry-into another approach, the is due a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public and thby long-term effort organized groups, manufacturers, ofaction buying figures.pdf [Accessed 8 March 2020] her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling real estate, for the depreciation initially of «Pharma part of the urban web, in Roger van den etc., Heuvel and Chris Stirling(2017): outlook 2030: 10th edit. Wil. COLLINS SONS AND Co Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: Gentrification: G.to ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm aFrom variety of ways, in order Abstract. toKPMG achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually evolution revolution», International Cooperative
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns https://assets.kpmg/content/dam/kpmg/tw/pdf/2017/06/pharma-outlook-
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2030-from-evolution-to-revolution.pdf [Accessed 10th March 2020] Communications for Research(2018): «The Basics of Parmaceutical By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Market Research» Harvardhttps://www.cfrinc.net/cfrblog/the-basics-ofUniversity, Graduate School of Design, Student, By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS pharmaceutical-market-research [Accesed 3rd March 2020] Architect Studentpharma of the School of Architecture Holly Carter(2018): «Five lessons for effective market research» Technical University of Crete https://pharmaphorum.com/views-and-analysis/five-lessons-effectivest pharma-market-research/ 2020] 1. Introductory approach:[Accessed Defining1theMarch concept Lucrezia Maria de Cosmo(2018): «The Strategic Role of Sales 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BCSector», - 370 BC,European Athens), Management for Market Access in the Pharmaceutical ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the Scientific Journal among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the https://www.academia.edu/38080525/The_Strategic_Role_of_Sales_Manage acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term ment_for_Market_Access_in_the_Pharmaceutical_Sector [ Accessed 15ththe March 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, term gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification 2020] 1 gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal (in various Richard G. Frank &“refining” Paul B. Ginsburg(2017): «Pharmaceutical Industry Sociology as well), as the of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, Profits And Research And Development» https://www.cfrinc.net/cfrblog/theways), of social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”,there regardless of basics-of-pharmaceutical-market-research [Accessed 2nd March 2020] the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof iHealthCare Analyst(2019):has, «European Pharmaceutical Industry: Recent whatever otherspeculation). consequences results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative Trends and Statistics» https://www.ihealthcareanalyst.com/europeanpotential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to nd March 2020] pharmaceutical-industry-recent-trends-statistics/ 2in The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK[Accessed in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property poor MARKETING INSIDER: «MARKET DIVIDING the then observed trend wealthy peopleSEGMENTATION to there buy property in–poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes and thus old residents areof CONSUMER MARKETS INTO sometimes SEGMENTS» London, upgrade them, stay themselves there andhttps://marketingthus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”. insider.eu/marketing-explained/part-i-defining-marketing-and-theA description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work Ruth marketing-process/market-segmentation/ [Accessed 13thof Sociologist March GLASS at the same while similar in other 2020] major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major EUROSTAT: «Why regional data?», Data, etc cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/regions/background 6th Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars [Accessed and for its more Since then, the issue has several below, scholars andthe for various its more March 2020] comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized from comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various EUROPEAN COMMISSION(2019): «The EUthe Regional competitiveness interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, following: interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: Index 2019» https://cohesiondata.ec.europa.eu/stories/s/RegionalIn a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups th Competitiveness-Icindex-2019/363v-4uq6/ [Accessed 5 March 2020] to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money and time to travel from the purlieus to«Πώς downtown, where work της place is, lackοδηγεί of the Γκανάτσιος, Σταύρος(2017): η τμηματοποίηση αγοράς termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS wasbetter born in sense safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, for σε 1.ofThe επιτυχημένες στρατηγικές marketing», «Επιχειρώ», Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the3rd heart of the city”, (possibly) https://www.epixeiro.gr/article/2244 [Accessed March 2020] Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc.where Αθανασόπουλος, Κωνστ., ΓΕ. (2007): «Θεσμικό πλαίσιο Περιφερειακής studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back to London, in 1943 she published studies regarding city planning. In 1950 she became teacher in the According to another approach, the phenomenon is due to a systematic and Ανάπτυξης». Τόμ. Α΄, νέα έκδ. 2007. (ΚΕΜΕΑΝ). University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and η long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying Αθανασόπουλος, Κωνστ. (2018): 15 έκδ. her work are characterized by a passionΓΕ. for justice. See «Δημόσιες also: COLLINSΣχέσεις». ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially ofΈρευνας part of the urban web, in Αθήναι, 2018. Εκδ. Κέντρου Επιμόρφωσης, και Ανάπτυξης 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. LondonΜελετών, 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a(ΚΕΜΕΑΝ). variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually
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