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EU Nuclear Energy Policyof Perspectives for Thorium GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification

By Francesco Michele Dicearco MANTI Concerns Introduction: the myth of zero By impact Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS The availability orHarvard absenceUniversity, of resources has School alwaysofbeen a factor of Graduate Design, Student, overwhelming importance in all ages, from the dawn of time to the present

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Student ofunder the School day. Nowadays, many movements have imposed theirof Architecture aegis the Technical University Crete reduction of the anthropic impact on the ecosystem as their main ofduty.

Unfortunately, the claim that man can reduce his ecological impact to zero is 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept seen1.as rather utopic, considering howthe theconcept presence of the human being has Introductory approach: Defining ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC - 370 BC, shaped our Planet. In fact, recently the concept of(444 Anthropocene hasAthens), gained ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the more and more scientific support. It was first used to simply identify the among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. human impact on nature, it has though been increasingly proposed as its own acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition of the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if not final, approach, the term geological epoch, contraposed to the Holocene. However, this does not mean 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) area of Planning) gentrification that it is not possible to find effective ways of reducing impact.

When(or it 1 (and urban gentrification gentrification) isarea, indicated (inhuman thefrom area of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city the removal this, (in various comes to energy, the main issue is that it is produced from something that is Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement cheap, easily available, manageable, safe, abundant and clean. there To date, the ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of alternatives are essentially: fossil fuels, renewable sources and nuclear power. the operation ofconsequences art galleries, restaurants, etc.also However regardless whatever other has, results risingthis of “change”, land prices (and theof Although fossil are relatively inexpensive, manageable relatively whatever otherfuels consequences has, results also rising of land and prices (and the potential relative speculation). safe, theyrelative present numerous environmental and reservoir problems. potential speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to Renewables are available, safe, clean, abundant but they absolutely The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early are 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofis wealthy to buy property innot poor 1). Nuclear power is available, plentiful, cheap on a large scale (at least for now the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old residents areof cheap butupgrade it is problematic terms of environment andand safety. must be said London, them, stayinthemselves sometimes there thusItold residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. that the potential alternatives to these sources are many, according to some being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth greatA scientists such as phenomenon thewhile Italian Nobel Prize Lauriat Carlo of description ofperiod, this is situations included inwere the recorded work of Rubbia, Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same similar in otherone major these could be Thorium or energy production based on nuclear fusion.

GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers.

Thorium-based power haveResearchers. a technology similar to cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Since then, the issueplants has several scholars andthe forcanonical its more Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and forUranium its more thermonuclear power plants, the variant being the substitution of comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the with the so-called "molten salts"; of while nuclear fusion, mainly leaded various by the interpretations of the phenomenon gentrification, the following: interpretations of thecalled phenomenon of the following: international project ITER, tries reproduce on Earth the mechanism In a sense, the phenomenon is due togentrification, ato trend of a new category of social groups present inside stars. to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the The term from Sociologist Ruthenergy GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in 1.

The current state of nuclear sense1.of safety atcomes the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin,1.1 where she made her first studies.

In 1932 she published an important study entitled: factor of autonomy for the continent services ofAhealth, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for The main motivation of the Member that have initiated nuclear lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car access markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London andStates Neweasier York she came to back to London, in According 1943programs she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning.

In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and power is the timeless struggle for energy independence.

This quest University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, ofaction buying for autonomy was first technological, since historically nuclear power was her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually 1 In IRENA’s “Renewable Power Generation Costs in 2017” report.

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

developed in Europe under US licence. The first attempts by France and the United Kingdom to develop purely national channels have come to a standstill.

They were justified by the fact that the United States had adopted a policy of knowledge retention. But, as the US position moved towards more openness, European electricity producers have preferred to rely on technologies already developed by Westinghouse and General Electric. Subsequently, the two major European nuclear reactor manufacturers, Framatome and Siemens,

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS respectively "Frenchised" and "Germanised" technologies imported under US Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, acquired, nuclear power constitutes a licence2. Technological autonomy once

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect powerful factor of energy independence in itsStudent mode ofofoperation.

In the case of the School of Architecture France, the rate of coverage of national energy needsTechnical rose fromUniversity 22.5% inof1973 Crete to more than 50% in 1997. This phenomenon may seem surprising, since 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept Uranium consumed in the European Union is almost totally imported from 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the third countries. It is byconcept the conventions of BC, the Athens), national ANTISTHENIS, thepartly ancientexplained Greek philosopher, (444 BC - 370 ANTISTHENIS, thethat ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, among other wise heritage he us, he established a great accounts, which means theleft production of a French company, evenAthens), if itthe is amongon other wise heritage us,definition he established a mere greatof “principle”: the acquisition of knowledge startshe with the of the content concepts. located a foreign territory, is left considered French.

The fact that Orano, acquisition of knowledge starts with theNC, of the content ofofconcepts.

Based, therefore, on “principle” indefinition a first, not final, approach, the term formerly COGEMA andthis later Areva the if main producer European 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, term gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Uranium, owns the mines which are operating abroad, particularly inthe Niger 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification 3 Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various and Gabon , contributes to improving French and European energy Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement independence rates. ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the 1.2 European Nuclear Industry today: Nuclear Illustrative Programof whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential (PINC) relative speculation). potential relative speculation).

TheInterm gentrification is found at first in(Commission) the UK in early 1960s and it through refers to 2017 the European Commission has unveiled The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor a Communication a draft nuclear policy in a short document of about forty the then observed trend of wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas of London, upgrade them, stay themselves and thus old residents pages called "Nuclear Program" (PINC).

This has been seen as are an London, upgrade them,Illustrative stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. opportunity to take stock of the strategy of an energy union in the nuclear being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included the laid workwith of Sociologist Ruth field, half a century after the first bases had in been the Treaty of A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major Euratom (1957).

PINC program recalls some basic facts about the state GLASS at the same period, situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, bywhile othersimilar Researchers.

European nuclearcountries, industrybytoday.

Nowadays, nuclear energy accounts for cities in Western other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more almost 28% of the European energy production, with 129 reactors operating Since then, the issue has several scholars andthe for its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized below, from various incomprehensive 14 Member States, with an average age of around 30 years.

It must be approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: recalled that the lifetime allowed for a nuclear reactor must not exceed 50 interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups years.

In addition, four new nuclear reactors are currently under construction to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money in France, Slovakia and Finland.

In terms of Uranium supply, the European and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the Union itself covers (including indigenous and secondary sources) of itsin 1.of The term from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS wasbetter born sense safety atcomes the12.5% distributed residencies outside town centres, for Berlin, where she made her first studies.

In 1932 she published an important study(some entitled: total needs, and is therefore largely dependent on external supply services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”,movements (possibly)for Youth Unemployment.

The same year sheconditions. left GermanyItand after continuous 87.5%) andcost international economic is interesting to note that the lower living of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, ofaction buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. 2 detail http://www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/framatome-saand selling realCOLLINS estate,on: etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit.More Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: history/ G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually 3

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

largest supplier of natural Uranium responding to the demands of the Union is Canada (28,6 %), followed by Russia, Niger, Australia and Kazakhstan4.

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student,

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Student of the School of Architecture Technical University of Crete

1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept 1. Introductory approach: the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), amongEuroatom other wise heritage he leftReport us, he established(444 a great the - Agency, Annual (2017) among other wise heritage left us,definition he established a great “principle”: the acquisition of knowledge startshe with the of the the content concepts.

In addition, PINC foresees a slight decline in share ofofnuclear energy of knowledge starts with by the2025, the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” indefinition a first, if of not final, approach, term inacquisition the European energy mix to 20% resulting mainly from thethe closure 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” inindicated a first, if of notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) is (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification of many parks in Germany, and the cancellation nuclear program in 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Italy. However, a peak is expected around 2030, due to the ramp-up and Sociology asofwell), as the “refining” of a city this, (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement there of networking the new generation slices.

Asarea, illustrated in thefrom image below, the ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, etc. However thissharply “change”, regardless of share of reactors without restaurants, long-term capacity drops around 2030, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the before being essentially replaced by the new generation tranche built afterof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative 2015 (representing around 30% of the electricity production from nuclear potential relative speculation).

The in term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to power 2050).

The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old residents areof London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more Since then, the issue has several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized from comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, Euroatom Agency, Annual Report (2017) In 1950 in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. sheto became teacher in the to -another approach, the is due a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, ofaction buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit.

Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: 4 As reported in https://ec.europa.eu/energy/sites/ener/files/documents/ G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually 20140528_energy_security_study_0.pdf

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

1.3 A stronger Nuclear Energy Union: Encouraging Investment and Harmonisation For the European Commission, PINC intends to significantly strengthen the energy union in the nuclear field, in full resonance with the Euratom Treaty, whose objective is to promote "progress in the nuclear field" (Title II).

The electricity mix is expected therefore to remain diversified as per

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Commission's forecasts. In this way, PINC focuses on promoting furtherEU’s Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, lead role in nuclear technology, which a realC.economic assetArchitect for the Byrepresents Mr. George-Sp. ATHANASSOPOULOS 5, while the potential to export Union: the nuclear sector provides 800.000 jobs Student of the School of Architecture such know-how is evaluated to 3 trillion euros byTechnical 2050, according the University to of Crete Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA)6. Another argument for strengthening the 1. Introductory the concept European nuclear approach: policy is Defining its low environmental cost. The program thus 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 recalls that nuclearthe energy, low-carbon source electricity, has ANTISTHENIS, ancientbeing Greeka philosopher, BC of - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, theStates, ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370substantially BC, Athens), among other heritage he left us,ashe established a great the enabled somewise Member such France and (444 Sweden, to among their other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a great the acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the an essential prerequisite forof“principle”: achieving reduce CO 2 emissions, acquisition knowledge starts theindefinition the content concepts.

Based, therefore, on “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the objective of of limiting atthis 2°C thewith threshold defined during the of Paris COPterm 21.

1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” inindicated acontributes first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) is area Planning) (or gentrification Finally, PINC stresses that nuclear energy also toofimproving the 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various access to energy, given that fuel and operating costs are relatively low and Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement stable. ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However regardless of To guarantee the presence of nuclear energythis in “change”, the European energy the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the mix, the Commission, which, it should be remembered, has no binding powersof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative in the field, intends to act in two stages: investment and harmonisation. potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first the UK and in early and it of refers to Investments are mainly in the areas of insecurity life 1960s extension some The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor nuclear reactors to 10 or 20 years. The Energy Directorate thus figures the the then observed trend of wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves thus old residents areof total investment of the European Union (EU) inthere theand sector 700 London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes and thusatoldaround residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. million euros by“squeezed”.

2050. In addition, Brussels recommends harmonising the being indirectly A description of this procedures: phenomenonfor is included in type the work of Sociologist Ruth different authorisation of reactor, validated by A description ofperiod, this phenomenon isexample, includedainwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar situations in other major aGLASS safety authority in a number of Member States, could see this authorisation at the same period, situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, bywhile othersimilar Researchers. extended to the whole Union.

One ofResearchers. the key points of the debate is though the cities in Western countries, by other Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more treatment of nuclear waste.

PINC provides for the removal ofand spent the Since then, the issue has several scholars forfuel, its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized below, from the various development of mixed oxide fuel (MOX), and the storage of waste inthe geological comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: centres.

Although the thisphenomenon document has a purely normative and informative interpretations thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups value, it demonstrates nevertheless that the Union intends to return to its to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money nuclear policy.

A choice perceived by some as not the correct one, as the and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack ofMEP the Rebecca Harms (Greens/EFA) whoRuth described PINC "aRuth strange mixture ofin 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist GLASS, 1912-1940.

GLASS wasbetter born sense safety the distributed residencies outside townascentres, search for Berlin, where she made her 7first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: . illusion and propaganda" services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and 5 long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying Eurostat, employment (main characteristic and rates) – annual averages, August 2012. her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. 6 Nuclear Energy Agency, The economics of the back-end of of thepart nuclear fuel cycle (2013). and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for the depreciation initially of the urban web, FX in 10th edit.

Wil. SONS AND Co Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: rate used: 1 USD = 0,75 EUR. G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually 7

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

1.3 Fukushima Accident: a new psychological traumatism Before the nuclear outbreak at Fukushima in March 2011, nuclear power was surrounded by a more positive aura since the security advantages regarding energy and climate were spurring an increasing political commitment to nuclear energy among EU governments. Several Member States (Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Italy, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, Slovenia, UK) declared that they favoured the funding of new programs for the

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS construction of new nuclear plants. After the incident, the citizen’s reception Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, has drastically changed, pushing By the re-evaluate their Mr. governments George-Sp. C.to ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect precedent strategies. Thus, the German Student Chancellor Merkel had initially of the School of Architecture announced in October 2011 that she wanted to prolong the operation of Crete the Technical University of 17 nuclear power plants, with a planned closure by 2021, for 8 or even 14 1. Introductory Defining theas concept years, describing approach: nuclear power was a necessary low-carbon bridge 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept technology to be used Germany reach a(444 100% energy ANTISTHENIS, the till ancient Greekwould philosopher, BC renewable - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 Athens), among otherInwise heofleft us, he established a great the production. the heritage aftermath the Fukushima disaster, with the BC, sparking of among other wise heritage left us,definition he established a greatannounced the acquisition of knowledge startshe with the the content of“principle”: concepts. that citizens and environmentalists’ protests, the ofChancellor acquisition of knowledge starts with the definition of the content of concepts.

Based, needed therefore, on this “principle” a first, not final, approach, the term Germany a new assessment of in the risksifon the active plants and that 1 (and urban Based,the therefore, this “principle” inindicated a would first, if (in not final, approach, the term gentrification) is area of Planning) (or gentrification therefore seven on oldest power plants be the temporarily closed.

A 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various similar situation can be seen in Italy with the referendum for the abrogation of Sociology as well), asin the “refining” fromthere this, of (inartists, various 8. of a city area, ways), ofpolicies social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement nuclear held June 2011 ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art restaurants, etc.2020”, However of As stated bygalleries, the program “Europe thethis EU“change”, is focusedregardless on getting the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the 20% of the total energy production from renewables by 2020. This is a vitalof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative goal for the Union, but regardless of whether the EU meets that objective, potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found first into thedevelop UK in early 1960sstrong and it refers to Member States will in any caseat need a new energy The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor framework and infrastructures before they can be totally dependent on the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade stay of themselves and thuselectricity old residents areof renewables.

An them, effective large-scale means ofthere storing from London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. intermittent wind, wave and solar power plants must also be developed. The being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in storing the workelectricity of Sociologist Ruth transition to a fully effective large-scale means of produced A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major by solar, at wave and wind power, will take several were decades.

It is necessary to GLASS the same period, while similar situations recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. develop other low-carbon sources of energy as bridge technologies.

While cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more nuclear power production centrals are seen as incredibly polluting, Since then, the issue has several scholars and for various its they more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized below, from the produce only around a tenth ofbeing the carbon dioxidebelow, per unit of the electricity, comprehensive approach are summarized from various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: . Nuclear powerthe represents a low-carbon compared to coal the power facilities9of interpretations phenomenon following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is due togentrification, a trend of a new category of social groups alternative to other fossil fuels and is a critical component of the energy mix of to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money all Member States.

Thus, a mismanagement of the climate change crisis, and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack ofwill the cause greater ones presented by nuclear power 1.of The termrisks fromthe Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruthfacilities.

GLASS for wasbetter born in sense safety atcomes thethan distributed residencies outside town centres, search Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and 8 long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying See:https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-italy-nuclear/italians-say-no-to-nuclear-energy-inher work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. referendum-idUKTRE75C3P020110613. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit.

Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: 9 UK Energy Research Centre, ‘Response to Treasury consultation on carbon capture and G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually storage’ May 2006.

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

2. Thorium-based nuclear energy systems 2.1 Thorium’s perspective: a quest for a more sustainable nuclear agenda Contrary to what one could imagine, a single nucleus is able to release considerable energy. Thus, the fission and fusion energies are ideal to supply energy to replace fossil generated energies. In particular, Thorium-based nuclear fuel is a multifarious material It is a slightly radioactive metal, present

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS in rocks and soil. In nature it is more abundant than uranium and is fertile, Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, rather than fissile. In nuclear applications, can be used combination with a

By Mr. it George-Sp. C.in ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect fissile material, such as recycled Plutonium. Student Thoriumofcould be an alternative the School of Architecture to Uranium to provide safe and abundant nuclear energy, at a reasonable Technical University ofcost.

Crete At present, the use of Thorium as a primary source of energy is not yet at 1. Introductory approach: Definingofthe concept hand, since the economic extraction latent energy from the metal is still a 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the very complicated process.

This Greek means philosopher, that,concept before (444 the energy sector can rely ANTISTHENIS, the ancient BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BCto-“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us,ofhe established a great the on Thorium, considerable amount research remains be done.

Thor amongstarted other wise heritage he left us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with the of concepts.

Energy producing energy using Thorium atthe its content experimental reactor in acquisition of knowledge starts with the the content of concepts.

Based,Norway therefore, this “principle” first, if of not final, approach, the term Halden, in on 2013, funded byindefinition aa consortium of Westinghouse and 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification Toshiba.

1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old residents areof London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more Since then, the issue has several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized from comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying Source: World Nuclear Association, 2017-2018. her work are characterized by a passion for justice.

See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

Other companies have been also involved in research for exploiting Thorium, i.e. in the United States, Australia and the Czech Republic. India has also been interested in this fuel for years and has designed a heavy water reactor specifically aimed at using Thorium. China, perpetually hungry for energy, is studying the technical and commercial feasibility of using the CANDU plant, a heavy-water reactor which runs with Thorium fuel, on a large scale10. The list of countries very interested in this metal is completed by

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Indonesia11, which would like to develop a nuclear power plant taking Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, advantage of the abundance of this By in its Bangka Belitung depots, hoping for Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect energy production costs of only three cents per KWh. Student of the School of Architecture Technical University of Crete

3. An ineffective governance: surpassing the Euroatom Treaty 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept 3.1 The institutional specificities of the Euratom Treaty 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept The institutional the Euratom Treaty is BC broadly to the ANTISTHENIS, thescheme ancient of Greek philosopher, (444 - 370similar BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -is 370 BC, Athens), among other wise Economic heritage heCommunity left us, he established a great “principle”: the former European (EEC) Treaty and based on the among other wise heritage left us, heCouncil, established aCommission greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge startshe with definition of the concepts.

"Community triangle" formed bythe the the content and the acquisition of knowledge starts the content of Based, therefore, on (EP). this “principle” indefinition a first, if of not final, approach, the term European Parliament In with thisthe framework is conceived theconcepts.

Euroatom 1 (and urban Based, therefore, this “principle” in a first, if (in not final, approach, the term gentrification) indicated area (or gentrification Supply Agency (ESA), on with the scope “tois ensure that allthe users in of thePlanning) Community 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various receive a regular and equitable supply of ores and nuclear fuel.” According to Sociology as well), as the “refining” of aexclusive city area, the fromthere this, (inartists, various ways), groups, usually ofitlow-income andright theremoval placement of Art. 52ofofsocial the Euroatom Treaty, has to conclude contracts for ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the art galleries, restaurants, However “change”, regardless of the operation supply of of ores, source materials andetc. special fissilethis within the EU. In certain the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the cases, an authorisation by the Commission is needed for the conclusion andof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative stipulation of supply contracts12. ESA has legal personality and financial potential relative speculation).

The termunder gentrification is found at the UK in early andofit the refers to autonomy the supervision of first the in Commission.

The1960s Statute ESA The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first13in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor also establishes an Advisory Committee , which acts as a link between the the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade stay of themselves and thus old residents areof Agency and thethem, nuclear (producers by giving London, upgrade them, stayindustry themselves sometimes and thereconsumers) and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. opinions and providing analysis, assistance and information. In Chapter 3 of being indirectly “squeezed”. description of this the phenomenon is included in the work of of Sociologist theAStatute is specified composition, chairmanship, terms referenceRuth and A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major meetings of the Committee.

The intergovernmental structure is explicated by GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. the selection procedure of the Committee members, which are appointed by cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more the EU Member States in consideration of experience and expertise in nuclear Since then, the issue has several below, scholars andthe for its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized from various issues.

An important step in are common nuclear energybelow, was the reinforcement comprehensive approach being summarized from the various interpretations of the phenomenon 14 of gentrification, the following: and the Maastricht Treaty of 1992 which made by the 1965 Merger Treaty interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups proclaimed that "the Union shall have an institutional framework which shall to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the 10 See: http://www.thoriumenergyworld.com/press-release/china-invests-big-in-clean-andterm from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety atcomes the distributed residencies outside town centres, cheap-energy-from-thorium.

Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”,movements (possibly) Youth11Unemployment. same she leftNuclear Germany and in after continuous Sulfikar Amir, TheThe State and year the Reactor: Politics Post-Suharto Indonesia, 2010.for 12 lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, studies and researchof in nuclear Geneva,materials Prague, London and she came London, Exportation produced inNew the York EU [Art. 59 (b)back and to62.1 (c)etc. ofwhere the in 1943 she published studies regarding city planning.

In 1950 she became teacher in the According to another approach, the phenomenon is due to a systematic and Euratom Treaty] and for supply contracts with a length of more than 10 years [Art. 60].

University College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and 13 long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying 2008/114/EC,Euratom: Council Decision of 12 February 2008 establishing Statutes for the her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. Euratom Supply Agency. and selling real estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit.

Wil. COLLINS SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: 14 Treaty establishing a Single Council and a Single Commission of the European G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually Communities.

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

aim to promote its values, advance its objectives, serve its interests, those of its citizens and those of the Member States, and ensure the consistency, effectiveness and continuity of its policies and actions15". This unity of principle covers certain institutional specificities specific of the Euratom Treaty. With regard to the conventional acts concluded by the EAEC, Article 101.1 of the Euratom Treaty provides that the Union, may undertake the conclusion of international agreements. This assertion in principle of the parallelism of

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS internal competence and the external competence to conclude international Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, agreements, in the context of the Euratom Treaty, contrasts the efforts that

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect have been necessary on the part of the CourtStudent of Justice of the European Union of the School of Architecture to make a similar approach accepted in the context ofTechnical the Lisbon Treaty.ofWhat University Crete was an original specificity of the Euratom Treaty is, however, now accepted by Introductory approach: Defining concept the1.Community case law. On the other the hand, Article 206 of the Euratom Treaty 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept provides the EP simply a consultation prerogative.

With- 370 regard acts of ANTISTHENIS, the with ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC BC,to Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us,similarities he established a great the secondary Community law, the initial between the-“principle”: Euratom Treaty among other wise heritage he leftthe us, he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge starts with definition of the content concepts. the and the Lisbon Treaty have gradually faded. acquisition of knowledge starts with the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, this “principle” indefinition a the first,Maastricht if of not final, approach, the term In contrast toonthe Single Actthe and Treaty procedures 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification introduced for1 co-operation and co-decision between the Council and the the term EP gentrification (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various for directives and regulations adopted under the Lisbon Treaty, which were Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of socialextended groups, usually low-income and the the placement thereprovisions of artists, subsequently by the of Treaty of Amsterdam, equivalent of social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”, regardless of ofways), the Euratom Treaty have remained static.

As a result, Articlesthere 162 and 163 the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the of the Euratom Treaty only provide for consultation of the EP on directivesof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative and regulations adopted by the Council within the framework of the EAEC. potential relative speculation).

Thethe terminstitutional gentrification is found at first theEuratom UK in early 1960sbecame and it refers to Thus, peculiarities of inthe Treaty more The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor pronounced as the rules of the Lisbon Treaty evolved in a more favourable the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, stay of themselves and thus old residents areof sense forupgrade the EP. them, London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth 3.2 European Parliament: challenge of its subordinate A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded workposition of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar other major Under thesame Euratom Treaty, the EP situations plays a limited role ininthe decisionGLASS at the period, while similar were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. making as it has consultation power only, and its opinions are not cities inprocess, Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more binding. in its various resolutions adopted on the subject, has SinceNevertheless, then, the issue has several scholars and for various itsitmore comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized below, from the regularly emphasised the need to clarify the division of from responsibilities comprehensive approach are being summarized below, the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: between the Union's institutions and the Member the States, to strengthen the interpretations the phenomenon following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new category of social groups common framework of the Union on different aspects of nuclear installations, to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money and to improve standards of safety and environmental protection.

Thus, and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the the EP is1.of decreasingly to beresidencies confined to an advisory role insearch the framework The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth GLASS wasbetter born in sense safety thewilling distributed outside town centres, for where sheTreaty. herIffirst studies.

In 1932 published an important entitled: ofBerlin, the Euratom onlyentertainment a minority ofshe MEPs is frankly hostile to nuclear services of health,made education, “at the heart of the city”,study (possibly) Youth Unemployment.

The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements power, the vast majority are unhappy with the current institutional balance offor lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, the EAEC. of thethe EPphenomenon is expressed particular through its in According 1943 sheThis published studies regarding city planning.

In 1950 sheto became teacher in the todissatisfaction another approach, isindue a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public action and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually 15

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

budgetary competence, since it has co-decision power for non-compulsory expenditure.

In 1992 and 1993, the EP refused to vote on the Community's nuclear research budget, to express its dissatisfaction for not being able to change the guidelines. Budgetary research had to be merged into the research framework program appropriations to overcome this opposition. Similarly, in 1998, the EP initially refused to vote the budgetary appropriations constituting the

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS participation of the EAEC in the financing of the modernization of the North Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, Korean power stations, within theByframework of the for the Mr. George-Sp. C. Organization ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Korean Peninsula Energy Development Organization (KEDO), created in 1997 Student of the School of Architecture at the initiative of the United States and under the auspices of the IAEA. in the Technical University of Crete spring of 1999;, the EP agreed to release the necessary funds only in exchange Introductory the concept for1. the decision approach: of the Defining then Energy Commissioner Leon Brittan to 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 systematically transmit all Euratom international agreements to Athens), the EP ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC - 370 BC, ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the before the Council. among wise heritage leftthe us, hecomplicity established athe great the acquisition of startshe with definition of theofcontent of“principle”: concepts. and Theother EPknowledge is also seeking, with the Commission acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition of the content of on concepts.

Based, on this “principle” a first, not final, approach, thebasis term against thetherefore, Council, to extend its competence inifthe nuclear field the 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” inindicated a first, notprotection final, approach, term gentrification) is (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification of the general provisions of the Lisbon Treaty onifthe of thethe health 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various of populations. From his perspective, the point is that he has the power of coSociology as well), the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of relative social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement decision to as this field. ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, etc.energy However this “change”,priorities regardless of In its resolution of 5 restaurants, July 2011 on infrastructure for the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the 16 2020 and beyond , the EP supported strongly the Commission's decision toof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential introducerelative stress tests for European nuclear power plants. In another potential relative speculation).

The termadopted gentrification is found at first in the UK early 1960s it refers to resolution in plenary in March 2013, theinEP noted theand limits of the The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor stress tests carried out by the Commission in 2012 and called for the the then observed trend of wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas of London, upgrade them, staycriteria themselves and thus old residents introduction of additional for future tests,there in particular regardare to London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes and thus with old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. the deterioration of equipment, human error and the existence of defects being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description this phenomenon included in the work of Sociologist Ruth inside the reactorofof vessels.

Aditionally,isis the EP stressed urgency of applying A description this phenomenon included inwere thethe work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same period, while similar situations recorded in other major 17 . In its position at the first reading of the full range ofsame security improvements GLASS at the period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers.

23 June 2011 on the proposal for a Council Directive establishing a cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more Community framework forhas the preoccupied responsible and safe management spent fuel Since then, the issue several scholars andof for its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various 18, the EP supported the Commission’s proposal to ban and radioactive waste comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: the export of radioactive waste completely.

In contrast, the Council advocated interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups authorising exports under very strict conditions.

In its position firstinreading to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: highatcosts money in March 2013 on the proposal for a Council Directive laying and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack down of the requirements with regard to residencies radioactive substances in Ruth water intended forin 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

GLASS wasbetter born sense safety the distributed outside town centres, search for Berlin, where she made her first studies.

Inalso 1932for she apublished an important study entitled: human consumption, The EP called change in the legal basis, by services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”,movements (possibly) Youth Unemployment.

The same year sheEuratom left Germany and after continuous for removing Articles 31 and 32 of the Treaty replacing them by Article lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, 192 TFEU, applying hence the the ordinary legislative procedure.

The in EP in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning.

In 1950 she teacher the to another approach, is due tobecame a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public action and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work 16 are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. OJWil. Creal 33COLLINS E,estate, 5.2.2013, p. 46. and selling etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit.

SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: 17 OJ C 36 E, 29.1.2016, p.

76.

G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually 18 OJ C 390 E, 18.12.2012, p. 147.

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

proposed additional provisions for improving consumer information, carrying out random checks of water quality and differentiated management of levels of natural radioactivity and contamination from human activities. It also specified the tasks incumbent upon the Member States and the Commission.

Another example is the attempt to influence the Euratom Directive establishing a Community framework for the nuclear safety of nuclear installations19. In this regard, the EP called on the Member States to ensure a

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS more transparent communication concerning the safety of nuclear Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, installations and the associated risks. also that peer reviewsArchitect should ByProposing Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS be held every eight years instead of every ten years, while the EP should be Student of the School of Architecture informed of the results of these reviews, as well asTechnical the measures and plans University of Crete adopted in this regard. These provisions have not been taken up by the 1. Introductory concept Council in the finalapproach: text of theDefining Directivethe 2014/87/Euratom.

1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept In order to reach the objective of the Treaty(444 (id BC est -European energy ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -on 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left he established aconfer great “principle”: the security), a considerable degree of us, autonomy should(444 Euratom and among other wise left us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge startshe with the ofthe thedecision-making content concepts. subsequently on theheritage Commission.

Unfortunately, process acquisition of knowledge starts withgreat theindefinition of the content ofStates concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” apowers first, if to not final, approach, theofterm remained intergovernmental, with the Member the 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” inindicated a first, if (in not final, approach, term gentrification) is the area of Planning) (or gentrification Euroatom, and a minimal role attributed to the EP. Here lies thethe sheer 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ineffectiveness of the Treaty. An environment of co-operation between the EP Sociology as well), as the “refining” ofduring a city area, from this,proposals (inartists, various ways), ofCommission social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement of and the has developed the examination ofthere the ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of the of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, of on operation nuclear energy policy and legislation.

This is, however, not regardless part ofartists, the the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the treaty framework and the EP does not have the same powers of co-decisionof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative and co-promulgation as in other areas of the EU energy legislation. Due to the potential relative speculation).

The gentrification is found at firstthe in the in early it refers to lack ofterm openness and accountability, EP UK could not 1960s play aand key role in The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor ensuring its position, remaining constrained, without significant changes to the then observed trend of wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stayEuroatom themselves andthe thus residents areof the Treaty.

Inserting the apparatus fully into EUold structure and London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. changing the decision-making framework of the Euratom Treaty towards being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description ofincluding this phenomenon is included the work of Sociologist Ruth supranationalism, the co-decision roleinof the EPcould possibly solve A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major the central problem and allow perhaps the establishment of in another effective GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. common energy policy.

An by inspired version of the Treaty could achieve much cities in Western countries, other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more more.

The then, Euroatom Treaty has followed a stable which Since the issue has severalparadigm, scholars andthe forendorses its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized below, from various high levels of State supportare forbeing the development of the nuclear industry. comprehensive approach summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: Consequently, those subsidies may be seen as giving an unfair advantage for interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups the electro-nuclear industry, over other aspects of the energy sector.

However, to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money these well-established subsidy structures couldwhere be used other emerging and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, workfor place is, lack of the energy industries, asSociologist renewables. though the Euroatom Treaty could bein 1.of The termat comes from RuthIfGLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for was born sense safety thesuch distributed residencies outside town centres, better Berlin, where she made her first studies.

In 1932 shefor published an important study entitled: expanded to become a general energy treaty new technologies, one could services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”,movements (possibly)for Youth Unemployment.

The same year she left Germany and after continuous imagine thatcost it would become afrom decisive advantage for the development a lower living of, “withdrawal” private car easier access to markets, etc.of studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back to London, where new energy sector, in support of key EU policies and addressing climate in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public and change byinformal ensuring reliable energy availability. long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, ofaction buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually 19

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

Conclusion: is nuclear power the right way for Europe?

The objective of sustainable development and further economic independence can be achieved in different ways through the development of new technologies. The EU has therefore to move coherently on several fronts.

One of them is certainly giving a big boost to the energy policy, aware of the risk, however, of possibly dispersing resources in overly ambitious or experimental projects. Nuclear research should therefore consider the

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS different objectives, that could mitigate these issues. investments in MoltenHarvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, Salt Reactors could be seen as first priority and essential providingArchitect Europe

By Mr. George-Sp. C. for ATHANASSOPOULOS with secure energy supplies for industry and citizens alike.

It should be Student of the School of Architecture remembered that even if less polluting than the Uranium and Plutonium based Technical University of Crete reactors, waste will always be a critical issue, especially in view of a world 1. Introductory approach: Defining revolution the concept(Industry 4.0), with the need approaching quickly a new industrial 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept 20 In anyphilosopher, case, Thorium could serve as of more electro-consumption ANTISTHENIS, the ancient. Greek (444reactors BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BCallow -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among wise heritage he left us, he established athus great the bridge other technology in the medium-term.

They could a full turn among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he on established a great the acquisition of knowledge startshe with of thescale, content of“principle”: concepts. towards efficient green energy production a large allowing Europe to acquisition ofthe knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term leave behind fission experience.

1 (and urban Based, therefore, this “principle” inindicated afusion first, ifon not final, approach, term gentrification) is (in the area of (or gentrification The challenge ofon reproducing nuclear Earth, on thePlanning) otherthe hand, 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various represents an interesting investment opportunity that could bear fruits in the Sociology as well), as on the “refining” of a city area, the fromthere this, (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income theremoval placement long term, i.e. based research estimates aand commercial viability is of expected ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the of art galleries, restaurants, etc. Howeverthe thisEU “change”, regardless of for operation 2050. Although the technology is experimental, must not renounce the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the investments in the sector since the merger will represent for the futureof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative generations a first step towards complete autonomy from other resources. potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification found at first inthe the possible UK in early 1960s and refers to However, several doubts isremain behind operation of itthe ITER The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor project, especially for what concerns the political sphere and the management, the then observed trend of wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas of London, upgrade themselves and thus old residents are and therefore thethem, EU'sstay commitment could be addressed tothus other projects of London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. considerably smaller size21, similar for example to the stellarator reactor being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon included in the workInstitute of Sociologist Ruth Wendelstein 7-X of built Germany isby the Max Planck of Plasma A description thisin phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same period, while similar in other major 22 .same Research onwhile nuclear fusion reactorswere is an investment thatmajor can Physics (IPP) GLASS at the period, similar situations recorded in other cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. not be ignored due also to technological developments in other competitor cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more 23. countries such asthe China Since then, issue has several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized from Besides theapproach scientific-technological challenge,below, the EU should also comprehensive are being summarized from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: consider the socio-political field.

Today the Euroatom structure is purely an interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups intergovernmental structure.

It is not institutionalised within the EU, to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money resulting outdated, and ineffective leaving and time tototravel from theinefficient purlieus to downtown, where policies, work place is, lackfertile of the termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth20Unemployment.

The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for https://luminariaz.files.wordpress.com/2017/11/the-fourth-industrial-revolution-2016lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, 21.pdf 21 she published in According 1943 studies regarding city planning.

In 1950 she became teacher in the to another approach, the phenomenon is due to a systematic and However, a decisive, coherent and interconnected long-term strategy should be achieved University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying in order to surpass the ITER project, which at this date is the most valuable in terms of scientific her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. research. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit.

Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: 22 https://www.ipp.mpg.de/14226/top_news G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually 23 https://bigthink.com/surprising-science/china-nuclear-fusion-reactor-100-million-degrees.

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

ground for rivalries among Member States24. It should rather evolve towards a supranational structure to better manage its programs. Moreover, the absence of the EP from the decision-making process, confined to a mere consultative role, is serious for a sector incredibly strategic and important, The further challenge is how to overcome the obstinate political legitimacy stumbling block of society’s acceptance, as public opinion is increasingly moving towards anti-nuclear positions. It is hence important to explain well

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS the choice of the Thorium as a “bridge” solution, its environmental merits, Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, while underlining the economic necessity, well as safety issues.

By Mr. as George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Concluding, the development of Thorium-based reactors fusion Student of the School ofand Architecture energy should be among EU top technological priorities for the following three Technical University of Crete reasons: 1. Introductory Defining the concept - Europe hasapproach: exceptional expertise in particle physics, as evidenced by 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept its ANTISTHENIS, majority participation in theGreek ITER program.

It is(444 arguably the BC, world's best the ancient philosopher, BC - 370 Athens), ANTISTHENIS, theresearch. ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wisefusion heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the authority to lead among other wise heritage leftthe us, he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with definition the content concepts.

- Europe is today thehe world leader in of environmental matters, and acquisition of knowledge starts with the of the content concepts.

Based, therefore, this “principle” a first, not final, approach, the term together with the on United States, isindefinition at the ifforefront of of scientific and 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on Itthis “principle” inindicated a though first, if (in not final, approach, the and term gentrification) is the area Planning) (or gentrification technological matters. can strengthen further itsofposition 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various pioneering role by engaging in major research projects.

Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityasarea, the fromthere this, (inartists, various ways), groups, usually of reactors low-income theremoval placement of -ofBysocial using Thorium-based aand bridge technology, Europe must ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of findoperation a way toof ensure its energy independence, by freeing itself from resource the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the constraints. The merger represents an unexpected opportunity to develop aof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative clean, sustainable and very high-capacity source of energy that would secure potential relative speculation). term gentrification found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to its The industrial future for theisnext decades.

The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to unifying buy property in poor The political Europe, was built around projects.

This can be the then observed trend of wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves and thus old residents areof pursued only through programs.

New technologies a clear London, upgrade them,ambitious stay themselves sometimes there and thusprovide old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. and realistic answer to the contemporary energy and environmental being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description this phenomenon is included in the Ruth challenges. theirofofdevelopment must therefore bework fullyofofSociologist supported and A description this phenomenon is situations included inwere the work Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same period, while similar recorded in other major encouraged by strong political will, while progress must be shared and GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. debated in civil society.

In by particular, Thorium technology utilisation l would cities in Western countries, other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more offerSince to thethen, EU and the Member States the several possibility to avoid the issue has scholars andco-operation for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized below, from the with countries lagging behind democratic and humanitarian principles as comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: framed in the Lisbon treaty, out of necessity for energy resources supplies. interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups The EU would in this way contribute further to fostering of the rule of law at to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money international level.

This will in turn address existing civil concerns, its and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack as of the activity isterm in atcomes this respect often perceived by society as incoherent andin 1.of The from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth GLASS for wasbetter born sense safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, search Berlin, where she made her first studies.

In 1932 she published an the important study entitled: undermining the legitimation of the Member States and of EU as a whole. services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, ofaction buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit.

Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: 24 http://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/etudes/join/2002/313072/DG-4G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

Bibliography PAMELA M. BARNES, THOMAS C. HOERBER. Sustainable Development and Governance in Europe: The Evolution of the Discourse on Sustainability, Routledge, 2013 THOMAS PELLERIN-CARLIN, JEAN-ARNOLD VINOIS, EULALIA RUBIO, SOFIA FERNANDES. Making the Energy Transition a European success tackling the democratic, Innovation, Financing and Social challenges of the Energy Union, Jacques Delors Institute in Studies & Reports n. 114 September 2017 EUROATOM. Supply Agency: Annual 2017 ByReport, Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Nuclear Illustrative Programme, EUROPEAN COMMISSION. Harvard University, Graduate School2017 of Design, Student, Consolidated versions of the Treaty on European Union and the Treaty on the

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Introductory approach: Defining the concept establishing Statutes for the Euratom Supply Agency, 2008/114/EC, ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -Euratom 370 BC, Athens), Council Directive the 2011/70/Euratom of 19 July 2011 Community ANTISTHENIS, ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370aBC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 aestablishing great the framework for the responsible and safe management of spent fuel and radioactive waste, among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the OJacquisition L 199, 2.8.2011, p. 48–56 starts with the definition of the content of concepts. of knowledge Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if not final, approach, the term NUCLEAR ENERGY AGENCY. Nuclearin Regulation, OECD Publishing, 2001 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification SCHWAB1 KLAUS. The Fourth Industrial Revolution, World Economic Forum, gentrification (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various 2016 Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways),Sof social Agroups, usually low-income andNuclear the placement of artists, ULFIKAR MIR. The State of and the Reactor: Politics there in Post-Suharto ways), of2010. social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement of artists, the operation ofRetrieved art galleries, restaurants, etc. from However “change”,there regardless of Indonesia. on November, 2018 https://www3.ntu.edu.sg/home/ the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

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whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative potential relative speculation).

TheWebography term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto Thorium Reactors https://whatisnuclear.com/thorium.html, accessed the then observed trendBasics, ofiswealthy to buy property in poor the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas November 2018.

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A description of this phenomenon is included accessed in the work of Sociologist fusion_e.pdf, Nuclear Fusion Basics – IPP, https://www.ipp.mpg.de/986351/ A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major accessed November 2018.

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Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more nui/show.do?dataset=lfsi_emp_a&lang=en, accessed November 2018.and for its more Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various Economics of Thoriumareand Uranium reactors, http://pages.hmc.edu comprehensive approach being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: /evans/LamThorium.pdf accessed November 2018. interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In aEuropean sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend a new of socialEnergy, groups Research Roadmap to the ofRealisation of Fusion to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money https://www.euro-fusion.org/fileadmin/user_upload/EUROfusion/ and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the Documents/TopLevelRoadmap.pdf, accessed November 2018.

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Ruth search GLASS/statisticswasbetter born in sense1.of safety theofdistributed residencies outside town centres, for EU imports energy products, Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: explained/pdfscache/46126.pdf/, accessed November services of health, education, entertainment “at the2018. heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for Renewable Power Generation Costs in 2017, https://www.irena.org/lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came to back to London, /media/Files/IRENA/Agency/Publication/2018/Jan/IRENA_2017_Power_Costs_2018 in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public and .pdf accessed November 2018. long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, ofaction buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. Nuclear Waste https://whatisnuclear.com/recycling.html, accessed and selling realCOLLINS estate,Recycling, etc., for the depreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Co Ltd. London 2009.

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G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

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