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Post ‘’BREXITΣχέδιο’’: Πόσο Πόσο ‘’OUT’’?1 GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of ‘’IN’’, Intervention, Η μακροχρόνια και πολύπλοκη διαδικασία Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification αποχωρήσεως του Ηνωμὲνου Βασιλεὶου από την Concerns Ευρωπαϊκή Ένωση (The long and complex process of the United Kingdom’s Mr.European George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS withdrawal fromBy the Union)
Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Του κ. Θεοδώρ. Α. ΚΑΛΛΙΑΝΟΥ Student of the School of Architecture Διδάκτ. Οικονομικών και Κοινωνικών Επιστημών Technical University of Crete
του Πανεπιστημίου του Αμβούργου 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept Πτυχ. Οικ. Επιστ. Ε.Κ.Π.Α., 1. Introductory approach: the concept Επισκ. Ευρωπαϊκής Ολοκληρώσεως ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining GreekΚαθηγητού philosopher, (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), Παν/μίου Βόννης, π. Στελέχους Ε.Ε. ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC 370 BC, της Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great “principle”: the among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Abstract: 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification th Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various On March 29 2017 the majority Government of the UK Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, removal fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe the (Conservative, PM Teresa May) triggered article 50placement of the Lisbon Treaty to ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of withdraw from the EU. Afterrestaurants, an appropriate response thisprices request from the operation ofconsequences art galleries, etc.also However “change”, regardless whatever other has, results risingthis of to land (and theof the European Council a negotiation periodalso started between whatever other consequences has, results rising of land EU27 pricesand (andthe the potential relative speculation). potential relative speculation). UK.The Atterm the gentrification end of thisisperiod, 2018, a BREXIT draft found atMid. first inNovember the UK in early 1960s and it refers to The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas of agreement has been proposed from the EU 27 (Chief Coordinator Michelto the then observed trend of wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves thus old residents areof BARNIER) to another UK Government (Conservativeand supported by the DUP London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. party of Northern Ireland, PM Teresa May). This article describes the being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth process developments during this periodinwere and looksof at “new coA description ofperiod, this phenomenon is included the recorded work Sociologist Ruth GLASS atand the same while similar situations inaother major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major operation partnership” post BREXIT as this was the main target of the UK cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. Since then, the issuethe hasReferendum preoccupied scholars and for its more Government following of several June 2016. Since then, the issue has preoccupied several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach are being summarized from Η πρόταση/σχὲδιο συμφωνίας (draft Withdrawal Agreement η comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: BREXIT deal), για the τηνphenomenon οριστική αποχώρηση του Ηνωμένου Βασιλείου (ΗΒ) interpretations thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups από την Ευρωπαϊκή Ένωση (ΕΕ 28), ανακοινώθηκε επίσημα στις 14 to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money Νοεμβρίου 2018, τον ‘’Επικεφαλής Διαπραγματευτή’’ and time to travel fromαπό the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lackMichel of the 1. The term comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth GLASS was born in BARNIER, εκ μέρους των 27 υπολοίπων Κρατών Μελών βάσει τουfor άρθρου sense of safety at the distributed residencies outside town centres, search better Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart the city”,movements (possibly) 50 τηςUnemployment. Συνθήκης της Λισαβόνας, όπου ορίζεται η of διαδικασία για τηνfor Youth The same year she left Germany and after continuous lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London New York she came back toεφόσον London, αποχώρηση κράτους μέλους από τηνandΕυρωπαϊκή Ένωση, το in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, ofaction buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. 1 Βλ.Wil. επὶσης σχετικὸ άρθρο μου στο 90/2017 της of ΕΠΤΑΠΑ: Θ.Α.ΚΑΛΛΙΑΝΟΥ: "ΕΕ: and selling real estate, etc., for the depreciation initially part of the urban web, in 10th edit. COLLINS SONS AND Co Ltd.τεύχος London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: ανακάμπτοντας απὸ την οικονομικὴ κρὶση και η αντίστροφη μὲτρηση του BREXIT" EpitheorisiG. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually athanasopoulos.webnode.gr
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
επιθυμεί. Το άρθρο ενεργοποιήθηκε για πρώτη φορά στις 29 Μαρτίου 2017 από το ΗΒ, ως αποτέλεσμα του «οριακοὺ» (51,9% προς 48,1) δημοψηφίσματος της 23ης Ιουνίου 2016. (2) Το κείμενο της πρότασης ήταν αποτέλεσμα προηγούμενων συζητήσεων, επαφών και διαπραγματεύσεων, σε ‘’αχαρτογράφητα ύδατα’’ μια και δεν υπήρξε προηγούμενο στην Ιστορία της ΕΕ. Ουδέποτε By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS δηλαδή είχε συζητηθεί, με βάση τις συνθήκες, η δυνατότητα Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, αποχωρήσεως από μια εθελούσια ένωση κρατών, η οποία διευρίνετο By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect συνεχώς. Student of the School of Architecture Το σχέδιο αυτό (BREXIT deal)περιελάμβανεTechnical ένα ενιαίο κείμενο 585 University of Crete σελίδων, 3 πρωτοκόλλων και πολλών παραρτημάτων. Τα πρωτόκολλα 1. Introductory approach: Defining the«διευθετήσεως concept αφορούν στις ιδιαίτερες περιπτώσεις συνόρων», δηλαδή 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept μεταξύ Δημοκρατίας της Ιρλανδίας και Β. Ιρλανδίας, Βασιλείου της ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC 370 BC, Athens), Ισπανίας και wise Γιβραλτάρ καιheτέλος Δημοκρατίας της aΚύπρου και Ηνωμένου among other heritage left us, he established great “principle”: the among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a Ευστρατὶου) greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge starts with the content concepts. the Βασιλείου. (Στρατιωτικές Βάσεις Δεκὲλειας καὶofΑγὶου acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition of the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on στα this “principle” a first, not final, approach, the Υπάρχει τέλος παραρτήματα μια ifπρώτη προσέγγιση γιαterm τις 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification μελλοντικὲς σχὲσεις του ΗΒ με την ΕΕ μετὰ την «οριστική αποχώρηση» 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various του ΗΒ, γεγονός που υποβλέπεται βάσει του υπάρχοντος σχεδίου (BREXIT Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, deal) πὲραν του 2021.usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement there of artists, the operation of art deal galleries, restaurants, etc.το However “change”, regardless of Το BREXIT υιοθετήθηκε από Υπουργικό Συμβούλιο του ΗΒ, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof ενwhatever μέσω διαφωνιών και υπουργικών παραιτήσεων. συνεχεὶα και εν otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising ofΕνland prices (and the potential relative μὲσω αμφίπλευρου κλὶματος δυσπιστὶας, (Ο Πρωθυπουργὸς του potential relative speculation). The term gentrification2is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to για την Βασιλείου της Ισπανίας The term gentrification iswealthy found atήδη first επιφυλάξεις in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofεκφράζει people to buy property in«διευθέτηση» poor του βρετανικοὺ Γιβραλτάρ επι ισπανικοὺ εδάφους), ο Πρόεδρος του the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old residents areof London, upgrade them, stay themselves there and thus oldσυνάντηση residents are Ευρωπαϊκού Συμβουλίου (ΕΣ)Donaldsometimes Tusk κάλεσε έκτακτη being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”. κορυφής της ΕΕ 27 phenomenon μe την Πρωθυπουργό ΗΒ Teresa May Ruth στις A description of this is included inτου the work of Sociologist A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth Βρυξέλες στιςsame 25 period, Νοεμβρίου τὸrecorded ΕΣ τωνin27 Κρατὼν GLASS at the while2018, similarπροκειμένου situations were other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, byτου other Researchers. Μελὼν να αποφασίσει επί τελικοὺ πλὲον ‘’BREXIT deal’’. (3) cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied otherείναι Researchers. Since then,του the issue has several scholars and for its more Σκοπός άρθρου αυτού, να περιγράψει και κατά το δυνατόν, Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various αναλύσει, τις τάσεις σε πολιτικό και οικονομικό επίπεδο, που συνόδευσαν comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of theτην phenomenon of gentrification, the following: και συνοδεύουν πολύπλοκη και χρονοβόρα αυτή πρωτόγνωρη interpretations of the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense,για theτα phenomenon dueof togentrification, a trend of a Ευρωπαίους new of διαδικασία ΕυρωπαϊκάisΌργανα και τους . social groups to “return” to the city, leavingστο the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money Τέλος, αποσκοπεί να δείξει τις διαφαινόμενες μελλοντικές and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the σχέσεις και πολλαπλὲς επιπτώσειςRuth τηςGLASS, αποχωρήσεως του ΗΒGLASS από την ΕΕ... termat comes from Sociologist 1912-1940. Ruth search wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, for Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”,movements (possibly)for Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous (Συνεχὶζεται) lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, ofaction buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually
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Βλ.Press statement by Michel Barnier (Article 50), Brussels 19 November 2018
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