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Οι Ανεξάρτητες Διοικητικές Αρχές GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Η περίπτωση της Ελλάδος Definition, Types of intervention, Concerns of Gentrification Concerns

Του κ. Παρ. – Γρηγ. ΣΜΙΓΑΔΗ

Πτυχ. Διαχείρ. Ανθρωπ. Πόρων και Διοίκ., Εθν. και Καποδ. Πανεπ. Αθηνών.

Mr. George-Sp. ATHANASOPOULOS Πτυχ. Σχολής By Διοικητικών ΑΣΣΥ C. Πολεμικής Αεροπορίας.

Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, Migration Studies in European University of Florence.

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Μεταπτ. Τίτλος Ανθρωπ. Σπουδών στην Ορθόδοξη Θεολογία Student of the School of Architecture του Ελληνικού Technical Ανοικτού University Πανεπιστημίου. of Crete Μεταπτ. Σπ. στο Διεθνές και Ευρωπαϊκό Οικονομικό Δίκαιο του Πανεπ. ΝΕΑΠΟΛΙΣ, Πάφος.

1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the among wise heritage he leftthe us,definition heΑΡΧΕΣ established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. the ΟΙ other ΑΝΕΞΑΡΤΗΤΕΣ ΔΙΟΙΚΗΤΙΚΕΣ acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification Πρόλογος 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Η Ελλάδα μέσα από μια παράδοση της πολιτικής φιλοσοφίας, η Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, from this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement there οποία ενέπνευσε τη σκέψη του κόσμου της Μεσογείου και στη ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”,there regardless of συνέχεια το δυτικό κόσμο και, από την εποχή των μεγάλων the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof ανακαλύψεων, ένα μεγάλο μέρος συστημάτων διακυβέρνησης του whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, των results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative potential relative speculation). πλανήτη, μεfound μια μικρή σε σχέση The termδημιούργησε, gentrification is at firstχρονική in the UKκαθυστέρηση in early 1960s and it refersμε to The term gentrification found first in the UK διοικητικές in early 1960s and itareas refers the observed trend χώρες, ofiswealthy to buy property in poor ofto τις then άλλες ευρωπαϊκές τιςatpeople ανεξάρτητες αρχές. Έτσι the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old residents areof μπορούμε να διακρίνουμε τις: London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of thisκατοχυρωμένες phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Συνταγματικά ΑρχέςRuth A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is Ανεξάρτητες included inwere theΔιοικητικές work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar situations recorded in other major Υπάρχουν 5 συνταγματικά κατοχυρωμένες Ανεξάρτητες Αρχές: α) GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. ηcities Αρχή Προστασίας Δεδομένων (άρθροand 9Αfor Σ),itsβ) το in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issueΠροσωπικών has several scholars more Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more Εθνικό Συμβούλιο Ραδιοτηλεόρασης (άρθρο 15 § 2 Σ), γ) η Αρχή comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various comprehensive approach areτων being summarized from Προστασίας του Απορρήτου (άρθρο 19the § 2various Σ), δ) interpretations of the phenomenon of Τηλεπικοινωνιών gentrification, thebelow, following: interpretations of the phenomenon gentrification, thecategory following: Το Ανώτατο Συμβούλιο Επιλογής Προσωπικού (άρθρο 103of§social 7 Σ) groups και ε) In a sense, the phenomenon is dueof to a trend of a new to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus reasons: high costs in money ο Συνήγορος του Πολίτη (άρθρο 103 §for 9 several Σ). and time travel from the purlieus to κατοχυρωμένων downtown, where work place is, lack of the Ταtoμέλη των συνταγματικά Ανεξάρτητων Αρχών 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, επιλέγονται, σύμφωνα μεstudies. το αρ.

101Α§2 του Συντάγματος, από τη Berlin, where she made her first In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”,movements (possibly) Youth Unemployment.

The same με yearομοφωνία she left Germany after continuous Διάσκεψη των Προέδρων ή, σεand περίπτωση που αυτή δενfor lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private easier access markets, etc.where studies and research Prague, London and car York she came to back to London, είναι με Geneva, πλειοψηφία των 4/5Newτων μελών της. Επίσηςin η in According 1943εφικτή, she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning.

In 1950 sheto became teacher the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research.

Her public action and Διάσκεψηinformal των Προέδρων ασκεί groups, κοινοβουλευτική εποπτεία στις εν long-term effort by organized manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. λόγω Ανεξάρτητες and selling realCOLLINS estate,Αρχές. etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

Μη συνταγματικά κατοχυρωμένες Ανεξάρτητες Διοικητικές Αρχές Υπάρχουν και μη συνταγματικά κατοχυρωμένες Α.Δ.Α. και αυτές είναι η Επιτροπή Ανταγωνισμού, η Εθνική Επιτροπή Τηλεπικοινωνιών και Ταχυδρομείων (Ε.Ε.Τ.Τ.), η Ρυθμιστική Αρχή Ενέργειας (Ρ.Α.Ε.), η Εθνική Αναλογιστική Αρχή, η Επιτροπή Εποπτείας και Ελέγχου Παιγνίων (Ε.Ε.Ε.Π.), ο Συνήγορος του Καταναλωτή, η Εθνική Αρχή

By Mr. George-Sp. ATHANASOPOULOS Ιατρικώς Υποβοηθούμενης Αναπαραγωγής, τοC. Εθνικό Συμβούλιο Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, Δημόσιας Υγείας (Ε.ΣΥ.Δ.Υ.), η Αρχή Διασφάλισης και Πιστοποίησης της

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Ποιότητας στην Ανώτατη Εκπαίδευση (Α.ΔΙ.Π.) (αρ.10 του Student of the School of Architecture Ν.3374/2005 & αρ.64 του Ν.4009/2011), η Αρχή Καταπολέμησης της Technical University of Crete Νομιμοποίησης Εσόδων από Εγκληματικές Δραστηριότητες και της 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept Χρηματοδότησης της Τρομοκρατίας και Ελέγχου των Δηλώσεων 1.

Introductory approach: the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, Περιουσιακής Κατάστασης (Ν.3691/2008), η Επιτροπή Διερεύνησης ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the Ατυχημάτων και Ασφάλειας Πτήσεων (Ν.2912/2001), η Ελληνική among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. Στατιστική Αρχή (ΕΛ.ΣΤΑΤ.) ηcontent Ανεξάρτητη Αρχή acquisition of knowledge starts with(Ν.3832/2010), theindefinition the of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term Δημοσίων Εσόδων (Α.Α.Δ.Ε., Ν.4389/2016), Σώμα Φορολογικών 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” inindicated a first, if το notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) is (in area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 Διαιτητών (Σ.Φ.Δ.) (αρ.31 του Ν.3943/2011) και η Ανεξάρτητη Αρχή gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal (in various Δημοσίων Συμβάσεων και Κεντρικού Ηλεκτρονικού Μητρώου Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement of artists, Δημοσίων Συμβάσεων (Ν.4013/2011). the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”,there regardless of

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the operation ofconsequences art galleries, restaurants, etc.also However regardless whatever other has, results risingthis of “change”, land prices (and theof whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative speculation).

1. Ιστορικά potential relative speculation).

TheΣτην term gentrification found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to Ευρώπη οι isανεξάρτητες διοικητικές αρχές εμφανίστηκαν The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor στη κυρίωςtrend από τοwealthy 1950. Στις ΗΠΑ ο θεσμός εμφανίζεται απόof the Γαλλία then observed people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes and thus old residents are τα τέλη του περασμένου αιώνα καιsometimes γενικεύεται μεand τοthus newolddeal για να London, upgrade them, stay themselves there residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. συμφιλιώσει την παρέμβαση του κράτους με την ιδεολογία της being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth ελεύθερης Ονομάζονται Independent A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work ofAdministrative Sociologist Ruth GLASS at theεπιχείρησης. same while similar in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major Agencies. Στη Βρετανία ονομάζονται QUANGOS (quasi – autonomous – cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue organizations). has several scholarsμας and for more non-governmmental Στη χώρα η its πρώτη Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various Ανεξάρτητη Διοικητική Αρχή συστάθηκε το 1987 (με το άρθρο 9 τουmore Ν. comprehensivethe approach are being summarized from the various interpretations phenomenon of gentrification, thebelow, following: 1730/87) καιofήταν το Ραδιοτηλεοπτικό Συμβούλιο. Έκτοτε ο θεσμός interpretations of the phenomenon gentrification, thecategory following: In a sense, the is dueof to of a new of socialγια groups εξελίχθηκε καιphenomenon εμπλουτίστηκε μεa trend την ίδρυση νέων αρχών να to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money καταλήξει στην συνταγματική του κατοχύρωση με την αναθεώρηση and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the του 1.Συντάγματος termat comes from2001.

Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense ofThe safety the του distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for 2. Γέννηση lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, in According 1943 published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning.

1950 she teacher in the Οιshe ταχύτατες εξελίξεις σεthe όλους τουςInτομείς της ζωής με την to another approach, is due tobecame a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying πολυπλοκοποίηση των προβλημάτων, τόσο στην οικονομία, το her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling real estate, for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: εμπόριο, τιςCOLLINS νέες etc., τεχνολογίες, η αύξηση της γραφειοκρατίας, η Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: Abstract. http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm aδημιουργία variety of ways, in order to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually των υπερεθνικών οργανισμών (ΕΟΚ), οι δυσλειτουργίες

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

που εμφανίζονται μέσα στη Διοίκηση και στους διοικούμενους, όσο και οι εξελίξεις στο χώρο των τηλεπικοινωνιών, της ραδιοφωνίας και της τηλεόρασης αποτελούν τους λόγους για τη γέννηση των Ανεξάρτητων Διοικητικών Αρχών. Ο νομοθέτης, είτε αδυνατεί είτε μερικές φορές συνειδητά δεν επιθυμεί να παρέμβει σε ευαίσθητους χώρους. Εξουσιοδοτεί λοιπόν αυτές τις Αρχές να εφαρμόσουν το νόμο σ’ ένα

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS τομέα ιδιαίτερο, με την ειδική αρμοδιότητα που τους έχει εμπιστευθεί.

Harvard University, Graduate School Design, Student, Οι ανεξάρτητες Διοικητικές Αρχές αποτελούν τηof νέα απάντηση

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect της πολιτικής εξουσίας στη γέννηση νέων εξουσιών (γραφειοκρατίας, Student of the School of Architecture επιστήμης, τεχνολογίας, οικονομίας) και Technical την ενίσχυση University ofτων Crete παραδοσιακών εξουσιών (πολιτική εξουσία, οικονομικές δυνάμεις).

1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept ANTISTHENIS, 3. Αποστολή the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), amongΟιother wise heritage he left us,Αρχές he established a great the Ανεξάρτητες Διοικητικές είναι είτε διοικητικά όργανα among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. ενταγμένα στο Νομικό starts Πρόσωπο του Κράτουςthe είτε Νομικά Πρόσωπα acquisition of knowledge with the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” indefinition a first, if of not final, approach, the term Δημοσίου (π.χ. η Επιτροπή Ανταγωνισμού).

1 (and urban Based, Δικαίου therefore, on this “principle” inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) is area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 Έχουν μεγάλο βαθμό ανεξαρτησίας απέναντι στην Κυβέρνηση και gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in the area of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal from this, (in various συνήθως ο νομοθέτης προβλέπει ένα καθεστώς αυξημένων Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andνα thethis placement of artists, ασυμβιβάστων και ασυλιών για αυτές, αποφεύγονται κατά το the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. ώστε However “change”,there regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever consequences has, results alsoέχουν rising of land prices (and και theof δυνατόν other οι κάθε είδους πιέσεις. Οι Α.Δ.Α. διοικητική φύση whatever otherspeculation). consequences results also διοικητικών rising of land prices (and the potential relative αρμοδιότητες προς έκδοση has, εκτελεστών πράξεων. Η potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to εξουσία των Α.Δ.Α. μπορεί να είναι είτε κανονιστικής είτε καθαρά The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy property in poor ελεγκτικής και γνωμοδοτικής υφής.peopletotobuy the then observed trend wealthy buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof Όμως οι Α.Δ.Α. που έχουν νομική προσωπικότητα παραμένουν London, upgrade them, stayδεν themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. στον στενό πυρήνα κράτους isκαι περιλαμβάνονται Κεντρική being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of thisτου phenomenon included in the work of στην Sociologist Ruth Διοίκηση ή Δημόσιο Κράτος (Ν.4270/2014, περίπτωση παρ.

1 A description ofperiod, thisήphenomenon is situations included inwere the work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar recorded inστ' other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major άρθρου 14). countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western cities in Western countries, other προστασία Researchers.

Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more Επιφορτισμένες μεbypreoccupied την των δικαιωμάτων του Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various ανθρώπου (προστασία των ατομικών ελευθεριών και των κοινωνικών comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations ofτων the phenomenon of gentrification, following: δικαιωμάτων), πολιτικών ελευθεριών, τηςthe φιλελεύθερης πολιτικής interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thecategory following: In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new of social groups φιλοσοφίας και προστασίας των αξιών του δυτικού πολιτισμού, η to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money αποστολή τους δεν σταματά στην προειδοποίηση παραβάσεων, αλλά and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the και 1.στην επιβολή κυρώσεων στους παραβάτες, είτε αυτεπαγγέλτως term from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth GLASS for wasbetter born in sense ofThe safety atcomes the distributed residencies outside town centres, search Berlin, where she made her first studies.

In 1932 sheαρχών. published an important study entitled: είτε κατόπιν προσκλήσεως των δημοσίων services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for Τι είναι οι ανεξάρτητες διοικητικές lower living costόμως of, in “withdrawal” from private access to markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier Yorkαρχές; she cameΕίναι back toλειτουργία London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning.

In 1950 sheto became teacher in the του Κράτους; διοικητικές; Είναι ανεξάρτητες; Από τι; Γιατί; Έχουν toΕίναι another approach, the is due a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying και ποια διοικητική δομή; Έχουν νομική προσωπικότητα; Πρόκειται για her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for the depreciation initially of the urban web, in 10th edit.

Wil. SONS AND Co Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: νέο τρόπο εμφανίσεως της λειτουργίας τηςof part πολιτικής εξουσίας; Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: Abstract. http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm aΠροβλέπονται variety of ways, in order to achieve theτη“assisted”, “voluntary”, από το Σύνταγμα; Με νομιμοποίησή τους τι(actually γίνεται;

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

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Αποτελούν μέσα στο Κράτος πηγή δικαίου; Το Κράτος ευθύνεται για τις πράξεις τους; είναι θεσμοί «αντιεξουσιαστικοί»; Αυτά τα ερωτήματα (και ο κατάλογος δεν τελειώνει) δεν προβληματίζουν μόνον τους θεωρητικούς του Δικαίου. Προβληματίζουν τους κοινοβουλευτικούς, το διοικητικό δικαστή αλλά και κάθε πολίτη. Η απάντηση σ’ αυτά δίνει το στίγμα του θεσμού. Με

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS την γέννηση αρκετών ανεξάρτητων διοικητικών αρχών ενδιαφέρει Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, κάθε Έλληνα πολίτη.

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Η θητεία τους είναι σχετικά μακράStudent και κυμαίνεται από 4Architect έως 9 of the School of Architecture χρόνια. Η επιλογή των μελών γίνεται συνήθως Technical από μια University συγκεκριμένη of Crete κατηγορία προσωπικοτήτων (μελών ανωτάτων δικαστηρίων, 1. Introductory approach: Defining theήconcept Πανεπιστημίων, κοινοβουλευτικών) μετά από πρόταση αυτών των 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, αρχών. Όσον αφορά τη σύνθεση αυτών των αρχών θα πρέπει να ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise he left us, he established aμέλη. great the σημειώσουμε τι heritage αποτελούνται από 3 έως 21(444 Τα μέλη τους among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. οπλίζονται μεknowledge οργανική starts και λειτουργική ανεξαρτησία. acquisition of with theindefinition the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term Η οργανική αναφέρεται: 1 (and ανεξαρτησία Based, therefore, on this “principle” inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term urban gentrification) is area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 α) στην περιορισμένη διάρκεια εντολής, στο μηthis, ανανεώσιμο gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in the area of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisτης area, the removal from (in various της εντολής, Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement of προς artists, β)ofστην ύπαρξη ασυμβίβαστων ασυλιών για ταthere μέλη, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.και However “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever consequences has, εξουσιών results also(δημοσίων rising of land (and theof αποφυγήother πιέσεων των ποικίλων και prices ιδιωτικών), whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative speculation). γ) στη σύνθεση του οργάνου, potential relative speculation).

Theδ) term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to στον τρόπο διορισμού.

The term gentrification is found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor Η λειτουργική τουςofwealthy ανεξαρτησία συνίσταται στο γεγονός ότι δενof the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves and thus old residents are δέχονται ούτε them, ιεραρχική εξουσίαsometimes (διαταγή ή and απαγόρευση) ούτε London, upgrade stay themselves there thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. εποπτεία. being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth οικονομική τους ανεξαρτησία συνίσταται γεγονός ότι έχουν AΗ description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere theστο work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar recorded in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major ίδιο in προϋπολογισμό, δικές τους προσόδους, π.χ. στην cities Western countries,σπάνια by otherόμως Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since the issue has several scholars and for its Ελλάδα ηthen, Εθνική Επιτροπή Ενέργειας (βλ. το προσχέδιο – νόμου γιαmore την Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various ίδρυση της Εθνικής Επιτροπής Ενέργειας). Γι’ αυτόν το λόγο comprehensive approach are being summarized from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thebelow, following: κατέχονται από αίσθημα αβεβαιότητας εξαιτίας του γεγονότος ότι η interpretations the phenomenon of thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is due togentrification, aκρατικό trend of aπροϋπολογισμό new of social σχετική πίστωση εγγράφεται στον κάθεgroups έτος, to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money κατόπιν βέβαια επιχορήγησης του οικείου Υπουργείου. Αξίζει να and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the σημειωθεί ότι δενdistributed υπόκεινται σε δημοσιονομικό έλεγχο των for εξόδων 1.of The term from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS was born in sense safety atcomes the residencies outside town centres, better Berlin,και where she madeφορές her first studies.

In 1932κάθε she published an important study entitled: τους μερικές εκφεύγουν ελέγχου a priori από το services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for Ελεγκτικό Συνέδριο. lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, in According 1943 published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning.

1950 sheto became teacher in the Τοshe Κράτος έχει την πρωτοβουλία στηInδημιουργία ή εξαφάνισή to another approach, the is due a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying τους με νόμο ή διάταγμα, αφού η απουσία συνταγματικής her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web,τις in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Encyclopedia: κατοχύρωσης επιτρέπει στην πολιτική εξουσία να ιδρύει ήFree να παύει Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm aΑρχές. variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns 4. Αρχές

Οι ανεξάρτητες διοικητικές αρχές αποτελούν μέρος της Διοίκησης του Κράτους και ειδικότερα της κεντρικής Διοίκησης (Administration centrale). Οι ΑΔΑ έχουν την έννομη ικανότητα προς έκδοση εκτελεστών

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS πράξεων και την οργανική ικανότητα που προσδίδει στο όργανο την Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, ιδιότητα της αρχής. Δεν είναι οργανισμοί που παρέχουν απλώς γνώμη,

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect όπως οι «Επιτροπές των Σοφών», οι Student οποίες ofλειτουργούν σε ρόλο the School of Architecture καθαρά συμβουλευτικό. Δεν έχουν μόνο αρμοδιότητες συμβουλευτικού Technical University of Crete οργάνου, αλλά μια εξουσία αποφασιστική. Συνήθως βέβαια 1. Introductory όργανα approach:της Defining the concept συμβουλευτικά Διοίκησης εξελίσσονται σε Ανεξάρτητες 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, ancient Greek philosopher, Διοικητικές Αρχές.the Εδώ βέβαια τίθεται το πρόβλημα της αναζήτησης ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other heritage he θα left us, he established aδιαπίστωση, great the εκείνου του wise κριτηρίου που μας οδηγήσει στη εάν μια among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. αρχή είναι πραγματικά μια αρχή εκδίδει εκτελεστές πράξεις και όχι acquisition of knowledge starts with που theindefinition the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term ένα Based, από τα συμβουλευτικά όργανα Ηofθεωρία 1 (and therefore, on this “principle” inindicated aτης first,Διοίκησης. if (in notthe final, approach, theτου term urban gentrification) is area Planning) (or gentrification 1 διοικητικού δικαίου όπως η νομολογία των δικαστηρίων δίνει την gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal (in various απάντηση. Όταν ο ίδιος ο νομοθέτης εντάσσει στην κατηγορία των Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, usually of low-income thethis placement there of ήartists, ΑΔΑ ένα όργανο, αυτό θα πρέπει να However τοand θεωρήσουμε αρκετό, θα the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever consequences has,εάν results also risingοι of προϋποθέσεις land prices (andπου theof πρέπει ναother δούμε πραγματικά συντρέχουν whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, δικαίου. results also rising of ότι landθα prices (andνα the potential relative θέτει η θεωρία του διοικητικού Φρονούμε πρέπει potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UKπρος in early 1960s and it refers to διαπιστώσουμε, τόσο την έννομη ικανότητα έκδοση εκτελεστών The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor διοικητικών πράξεων, όσο και το γεγονός ότιbuy η συγκεκριμένη αρχή έχειof the then observed trend wealthy people to in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes thereproperty and thus old residents are την οργανική ικανότητα που προσδίδει στο there όργανο ιδιότητα της London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes and την thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. αρχής. being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth τις isοποίες ανεξάρτητες AΟι description ofperiod, this πράξεις phenomenon included εκδίδουν inwere the recorded work οι of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at εκτελεστές the same while similar situations in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major διοικητικές αρχές, υπόκεινται έλεγχο του διοικητικού δικαστή. Οι cities in Western countries, by otherστον Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue several and(διαιτητικά, for its more ΑΔΑ διακρίνονται και has από άλλα όργανα τουscholars Κράτους Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and forκαι its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from various πειθαρχικά) τα οποία εκδίδουν δικαστικές αποφάσεις the όχι comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations διοικητικές. of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money 5. Διοικητικές and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the Αν πρέπει γιαdistributed συστηµατικούς ναtown διακρίνουµε το δίκαιο σεin The termat comes from Sociologist Ruthλόγους GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS wasbetter born sense1.of safety the residencies outside centres, for Berlin, where she ιδιωτικό, made her first οι studies.

In 1932 she published an important studyχώρο, entitled: δηµόσιο κι Α.∆.Α. ανήκουν στο δηµόσιο services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for συγκεκριµένα δε in στο χώρο της διοίκησης. από κανόνες του lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private easier access to markets, etc. studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car New∆ιέπονται York she came back to London, where in According 1943 she published studies regarding city planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the δηµόσιου, δηµόσιο χαρακτήρα, συστήνονται και toέχουν another approach, the phenomenon is due a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying χρηµατοδοτούνται από το δηµόσιο. her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCo depreciation initially of part στον of the urban web, in 10th edit.

Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: Έχουν πολυσήµαντες λειτουργίες, η καθεµιά τοµέα της, Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: Abstract. http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm aχωρίς varietyωστόσο of ways, in order to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually να προορίζονται για τη διοίκηση µιας αντίστοιχης

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

υπηρεσίας. Οι Α.∆.Α. διαθέτουν την απαραίτητη για το χαρακτηρισµό τους ως αρχών οργανική ενότητα. Έχουν έννοµη ικανότητα έκδοσης εκτελεστών πράξεων και διαθέτουν ικανό για την αποτελεσµατική εκτέλεση των καθηκόντων τους εύρος αρµοδιοτήτων. Μπορούμε να ορίσουμε τις διοικητικές αρχές σαν όργανα διοικητικά ατομικά ή συλλογικά τα οποία ενεργούν (με νομικές

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS πράξεις) στο όνομα ενός δημόσιου νομικού προσώπου. Αλλά αυτή η Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, γενική νομική προσέγγιση είναι ανεπαρκής. Από τη μια πλευρά, η

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect πράξη η οποία εκδίδεται στο όνομα του Student Κράτους αφορά όχι μόνον τις of the School of Architecture διοικητικές αρχές, αλλά και τις άλλες αρχές (αρχηγός του Κράτους, Technical University of Crete νομοθετικές αρχές, δικαστικές αρχές). Από την άλλη πλευρά, πρόκειται 1. Introductory Defining the concept πάντα για μια approach: πράξη που εκδίδεται στο όνομα ενός δημόσιου 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek προσώπου; Η απάντηση δίνεται σταphilosopher, εγχειρίδια του διοικητικού δικαίου ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, ΝΠΙΔ). he established(444 a great the (έκδοση διοικητικών πράξεων από among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. Οι ΑΔΑ δημιουργούνται από δημόσιαtheπρωτοβουλία, έχουν acquisition of knowledge starts with the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” indefinition a first, if of not final, approach, the term δημόσιο δημόσιο δίκαιο διέπει, τροφοδοτούνται 1 (and urban Based,χαρακτήρα, therefore, onτοthis “principle” inindicated aτις first, if (in notthe final, approach, theαπό term gentrification) is area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 τα δημόσια χρήματα. Οι ΑΔΑ δεν αναλαμβάνουν την άμεση διοικητική gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal (in various διαχείριση μιας υπηρεσίας. Είναι επενδυμένες στο διοικητικό Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, usually ofλειτουργίες low-income and thethis placement there of artists, σχεδιασμό, από διαφορετικές πολύ σύνθετες. Διαθέτοντας the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results rising of landτην prices (and theof ένα ιδιαίτερο status, στο βαθμό πουalso διαφεύγοντας ιεραρχική whatever consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative speculation). υποταγή –other βρίσκονται εκτός συστήματος. potential relative speculation).

TheΣτην term gentrification is found at first in the UK in earlyνομοθέτης 1960s and it refers to ελληνική πραγματικότητα ο Έλληνας άλλοτε The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor αναφέρει την ίδρυση μιαςwealthy ΑΔΑ ως διοικητική αρχή και άλλοτε ωςof the then observed trend people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes and thus old residents are δημόσια αρχή, them, χωρίςstay βέβαια να sometimes θέλει να there προσδώσει διαφορετικό London, upgrade themselves and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. περιεχόμενο στη την άλλη περίπτωση. being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description ofμία thisήphenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth

112

A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major Ανεξάρτητες cities in6.Western countries, by other Researchers. cities Western countries, bypreoccupied other του Researchers.

Since then, the issue has several scholars andσημαντικός. for its more Οinπιο αμφιλεγόμενος όρος θεσμού αλλά και ο πιο Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for various its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from Αφού αυτή η ιδέα της ανεξαρτησίας είναι που προσδιορίζει the θεμελιακά comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: τη σχέση ανάμεσα στις ΑΔΑ και τις παραδοσιακές διοικητικές δομές. interpretations the phenomenon of thecategory following: a sense, theof phenomenon is dueόρο togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups ΓιαInνα απαντήσει κανείς στον ανεξάρτητες θα πρέπει να δει το to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money θεσμό των ΑΔΑ σε σχέση με τις τρεις εξουσίες του Κράτους. Για την and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the εξασφάλιση της ανεξαρτησίας έχουν ληφθεί ορισµένα µέτρα. Σταin 1.of The termαυτής from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS wasbetter born sense safety atcomes the distributed residencies outside town centres, for Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: πλαίσια αυτής της παρουσιάσεως θα πρέπει εξαρχής να αναφέρουμε services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for τα εξής: lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, in According 1943 published studies cityphenomenon planning.

In 1950 she teacher in the 1)she Η ανεξαρτησία δεregarding θεμελιώνει αναγκαστικά την κάθε to another approach, the is due tobecame aαπουσία systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying ελέγχου. Δεν πρόκειται δηλαδή περί απολύτου ανεξαρτησίας γεγονός her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for the initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit.

Wil. SONS AND London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: που θα ήταν ασυμβίβαστο μεCodepreciation τοLtd. Σύνταγμα.

G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification 2) Οι ΑΔΑ δεν ανήκουν στη νομοθετική εξουσία, έχουν όμως νομοθετικές αρμοδιότητες. Concerns

3) Οι ΑΔΑ δεν ανήκουν στη δικαστική εξουσία, έχουν όμως

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS δικαστικές αρμοδιότητες.

Harvard University, School of Design, Student, 4) Οι ΑΔΑ δεν μπορούν παρά Graduate να εκπροσωπούν το Κράτος,

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect συμμετέχοντας στις τρεις εξουσίες του.

Student of the School of Architecture 5) Προϋποθέσεις απαραίτητες για την ανεξαρτησία αυτώνofτων Technical University Crete αρχών αποτελούν τόσο η οργανική, όσο και η λειτουργική τους 1. Introductory approach: Defining theαπαλλαγµένες concept ανεξαρτησία. Επίσης οι Α.∆.Α. είναι από ιεραρχική και 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, διοικητική εποπτεία. Ας σημειωθεί ότι στα πλαίσια της λειτουργικής ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great “principle”: the τους ανεξαρτησίας δεν αναφερόμαστε τόσο στην -απουσία κάθε among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. ιεραρχικής εξουσίας πάνω σεwith αυτές τις αρχές,ofόσο στην ελευθερία της acquisition of knowledge starts theindefinition the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if not final, approach, the term πράξης τους, η οποία περνά από την αυτονομία της οργάνωσης 1 (and Based, therefore, onβέβαια this “principle” inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term urban gentrification) is area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 και της λειτουργίας τους. gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal (in various 6) Είναι ένας θεσμός ο οποίος γεννάται από τη βούληση του Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, of low-income and thethis placement of artists, νομοθέτη χωρίς να έχειusually συνταγματική the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.κατοχύρωση.

However “change”,there regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless Σημεία ενθαρρυντικά ανεξαρτησίας whatever other consequencesκαι has,ενισχυτικά results alsoτης rising of land pricesτων (andΑΔΑ theof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative αποτελούν: potential relative speculation).

The- term gentrification isτης found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to Η μικρή διάρκεια εντολής.

The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960spoor and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property - Τοobserved μη ανανεώσιμο της θητείας μελών inin (προβλέπεται the then trend wealthy people toτων buy property poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof βραχεία εντολή και θητεία µη ανανεώσιµη).

London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”.

-indirectly Ο τρόπος των μελών (Ο ιδιαίτερος διορισµού being “squeezed”.

A description ofδιορισμού this phenomenon is included in the workτρόπος of Sociologist Ruth τους, και ταphenomenon ασυµβίβαστα στοχεύουν αποφυγή A οι description of this is situations included inwere theεπίσης work ofστην Sociologist Ruth GLASS atασυλίες the same period, while similar recorded in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major τυχόν πολιτικών εξαρτήσεων). cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

-inΤο καθεστώς ασυμβιβάστων.

Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more Since then, the issue has several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive arepreoccupied being summarized from - Ο ίδιος approach προϋπολογισμός (ο ανεξάρτητος προϋπολογισµός comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: διασφαλίζει την οικονοµική αυτοτέλεια). interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a- sense, theof phenomenon dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups Η υποταγή στο is δίκαιο (δικαστικός έλεγχος, έλεγχος to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money νομιμότητας). and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the -The Το μη at ανακλητό των μελών. term comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.of safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin,Ηwhere she made her των first studies.

In 1932 she published an important study entitled: ανεξαρτησία ΑΔΑ δεν είναι απόλυτη, αλλά επί αυτών services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for ασκείται ένας τριπλός from έλεγχος πολιτικός, δικαστικός και lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the δημοσιονομικός. to another approach, the is due a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying Τέλος, οι ΑΔΑ υπάγονται µόνο σε έλεγχο νοµιµότητας (δικαστικό her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in έλεγχο) 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

ΠΟΛΙΤΙΚΟΣ ΕΛΕΓΧΟΣ Θα πρέπει να συγκερασθούν δυο πράγματα. Από τη μία πλευρά η έλλειψη δημοκρατικής νομιμοποίησης αυτών των αρχών και από την άλλη το επίκαιρο αίτημα φιλελευθερισμού και απορυθμίσεως.

ΔΙΚΑΣΤΙΚΟΣ ΕΛΕΓΧΟΣ Ασκείται από το διοικητικόBy δικαστή. Ο έλεγχος των πράξεων των Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University, School of Design, Student, ΑΔΑ από το διοικητικό δικαστή, μιαςGraduate από τις τρεις εξουσίες του

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Κράτους ενισχύει το θεσμό. ΔΗΜΟΣΙΟΝΟΜΙΚΟΣ ΕΛΕΓΧΟΣ

114

Student of the School of Architecture Technical University of Crete

1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept Ο δημοσιονομικός έλεγχος λαμβάνει χώρα a posteriori και όχι a 1.

Introductory approach: Defining the concept priori (βλ. ν. 2075/92 για τηνGreek Εθνική Επιτροπή (444 Τηλεπικοινωνιών).

ANTISTHENIS, the ancient philosopher, BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the among other wise heritage left us, he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with the of theδιοικητικές content concepts.

7. Η νομοθετική εξουσία και οιdefinition ανεξάρτητες αρχές the acquisition of knowledge starts withεπίγνωση theindefinition of the content of concepts.

Based, on this “principle” a first, ifτης not final, approach, the term Ο therefore, νομοθέτης έχοντας αδυναμίας του να 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification ικανοποιήσει την ανάγκη για ρύθμιση είναι αυτός που προχωρεί στη 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various γέννηση αυτών των αρχών.

Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement Τα ερωτήματα που τίθενται σχετικά με τη νομοθετική εξουσία και ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of τις ΑΔΑ αφορούν τα εξής: the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof whatever other consequences has,νομοθετική results alsoεξουσία; rising of land prices (and the 1. Εάν οι ΑΔΑ ανήκουν στη potential relative speculation). potential relative speculation). Εάν δεν ανήκουν, η μεταξύ τουςand σχέση και The2.term gentrification is found ποια at first είναι in the UK in early 1960s it refers to The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas of ειδικότερα ποιος είναι ο βαθμός ανεξαρτησίας αυτών των αρχώνto the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old residents areof απέναντι στη νομοθετική εξουσία; London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. Κάθε ΑΔΑ“squeezed”. λειτουργεί στα πλαίσια των εξουσιοδοτικών διατάξεων being indirectly A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth τις οποίες προσδιορίζει η κυρίαρχηis included νομοθετικήtheεξουσία, η οποία δίνει A description ofperiod, this phenomenon work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar situationsinwere recorded in other major το πλαίσιο στο οποίο η συγκεκριμένη ΑΔΑ θα λειτουργεί. Θα πρέπει GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. λοιπόν υπογραμμίσουμε το γεγονός ότι η κανονιστική αρμοδιότητα cities inνα Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for various its more των ΑΔΑ έχει ταapproach όρια πουare θέτει ο εξουσιοδοτικός νόμος, με άλλα λόγια comprehensive being summarized below, from the comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various ο τομέας πρέπει να phenomenon είναι καθορισμένος και το πλαίσιο προσδιορισμένο. interpretations of the of gentrification, the following: interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: In aΠαρά sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new category social groups το γεγονός ότι οι ΑΔΑ δεν ανήκουν στηof νομοθετική to “return”άρα to the city,πρόκειται leaving theπερί purlieus for several reasons: highηcosts in money εξουσία, δεν νομοθετικών οργάνων, νομοθετική and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the εξουσία δεν αφήνει ανέλεγκτες αυτές τις αρχές, αλλά εμμέσως ασκεί termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, έναν έλεγχο χωρίς να θίγει (οργανική και Berlin, where she madeβέβαια her first studies.

In την 1932ανεξαρτησία she published anτους important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”,movements (possibly)for Youth Unemployment.

The same year she left Germany and after continuous λειτουργική) χωρίς να παρεμβαίνει στοeasier έργοaccess τους.toΟmarkets, έλεγχοςetc. που lower living costκαι of, in “withdrawal” from private studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car New York she came back to London, where ασκείται από τη νομοθετική εξουσία αφορά τον κοινοβουλευτικό in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University College London, where she continued social research.

Her public and έλεγχο επί των of ΑΔΑ ο οποίος ασκείται μεher τους εξής τρόπους: long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers ofaction buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. 1) Όταν αναλαμβάνει ηdepreciation Βουλή τη 2009. νομοθετική για and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCo initially of partπρωτοβουλία of the urban web, in 10th edit.

Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: Abstract. http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm aτην variety of ways, in order toαρχών achieve “voluntary”, κατάργηση αυτών των ή the την“assisted”, τροποποίηση μιας ΑΔΑ.(actually

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

2) Όταν υποβάλλονται σε αυτήν Αναφορές, Ερωτήσεις, Επερωτήσεις βουλευτών που αφορούν τις αρχές και έτσι εξετάζονται οι πράξεις και οι παραλείψεις των ΑΔΑ. Αρμόδιος για να απαντήσει είναι ο εποπτεύων Υπουργός.

3) Όταν η Βουλή έχει λόγο στο διορισμό των αρχών.

4) Όταν η Βουλή συμμετέχειByμεMr. μέλη της στη C. σύνθεση των ΑΔΑ.

George-Sp. ATHANASOPOULOS University, Graduate Student, 5) Όταν οι ΑΔΑ Harvard υποχρεώνονται από τοSchool νόμο ofναDesign, καταθέτουν By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Εκθέσεις με τη δραστηριότητά τους στη Βουλή.

Student of the School of Architecture Technical University of Crete

8. Η δικαστική εξουσία και οι ανεξάρτητες διοικητικές αρχές 1. Introductory approach: Defining αναφορικά the concept με τη δικαστική εξουσία Τα ερωτήματα που τίθενται 1. approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), καιANTISTHENIS, τιςIntroductory ΑΔΑ αφορούν τα εξής: the ancient Greek philosopher, ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among1.other wise heritage he στη left us, he established a great the Εάν οι ΑΔΑ ανήκουν δικαστική εξουσία; among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great “principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with the definition of the content of concepts.

2. Εάν δεν ανήκουν, ποιος είναι ο βαθμός ανεξαρτησίας των ΑΔΑ acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition of the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if not final, approach, the term απέναντι στη δικαστική εξουσία; 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” is in a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification Και επιπλέον δημιουργώντας μιαindicated ΑΔΑ τίθενται τα ερωτήματα: 1 (and urban gentrification gentrification) indicated (in the area of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal from this, (in various α. Ποια δικαστήρια είναι αρμόδια να επιληφθούν των υποθέσεων Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, και τωνofδιαφορών που θα προκύψουν; Ταand διοικητικά, τα ποινικά ή τα ways), social groups, usually of low-income thethis placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”, regardless of πολιτικά; the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof whatever other consequences has, resultsκαι alsoτις rising of land prices (and the β. Ποιος ευθύνεται για τις πράξεις παραλείψεις αυτών των potential relative speculation). potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to αρχών;

The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents 9. Η εκτελεστική εξουσία και οι ανεξάρτητες διοικητικές αρχές areof London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly Οι ΑΔΑ “squeezed”. δίνουν την αίσθηση μιας μείωσης της παρουσίας του being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth Κράτους. Οι ΑΔΑ αυτό που Κράτος δεν επιθυμεί να κάνει ή, A description ofκάνουν this phenomenon isτο included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same period, while similar situations in other major αν θέλετε, δεν μπορεί να κάνει. Βέβαια δεν αντικαθιστούν την GLASS at the same period, situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, bywhile othersimilar Researchers. εκτελεστική εξουσία. Το Κράτος με τη δημιουργία αυτών αρχών cities in Western countries, by other Researchers.

Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and των for its more Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more δεν εξαφανίζεται, αλλά αντίθετα μένει κύριος του προορισμού και των comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various κατευθύνσεων δραστηριοτήτων αυτών των αρχών. Υπάρχει μια interpretations of των the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: interpretations the phenomenon of the following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is due togentrification, aαρχών trend of new category of social groups δυσκολία συμφιλίωσης αυτών των μεa το ισοζύγιο των εξουσιών to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons:Αναζητήσαμε high costs in money που έχει διαμορφώσει ο συνταγματικός νομοθέτης. και and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of προσδιορίσαμε την ανεξαρτησία αυτών των αρχών σε σχέση με the τη 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense safety theτη distributed residencies outside town centres, νομοθετική και δικαστική εξουσία. Οι ΑΔΑ έχοντας δικαστικές Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”,movements (possibly) Youth Unemployment. same year sheδικαστική left Germany εξουσία and after continuous αρμοδιότητες δεν The ανήκουν στη και δεν πρέπει ναfor lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back to London, θεωρηθούν ειδικά διοικητικά δικαστήρια. Οι In ΑΔΑ έχοντας νομοθετικές in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning.

1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University informal Collegeδεν of London, where she continued her social research.

Her ανεξάρτητες public and αρμοδιότητες, ανήκουν στη νομοθετική εξουσία, είναι long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers ofaction buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. από αυτή. Μην ανήκοντας νομοθετική και δικαστική εξουσία and selling real estate, etc., for theστη depreciation initially ofτη part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. COLLINS SONS AND Co Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: Abstract. http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm aδεν variety of παρά ways, in order to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually μπορεί να ανήκουν στην εκτελεστική εξουσία.

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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

Η πολιτική ευθύνη των ΑΔΑ δεν είναι θεσμικά κατοχυρωμένη, αλλά εξασφαλίζεται μονομερώς από την πλευρά των εκπροσώπων της λαϊκής κυριαρχίας, οι οποίοι διατηρούν το δικαίωμα να καταργήσουν ή να τροποποιήσουν το νομικό πλαίσιο στο οποίο λειτουργούν. Υπάρχει ένα έλλειμμα δημοκρατικής νομιμοποίησης αυτών των Αρχών. Η Διοίκηση υποτάσσεται στην εκτελεστική εξουσία. Η εκτελεστική

By Mr.στο George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS εξουσία είναι υπεύθυνη μπροστά Κοινοβούλιο. Οι ΑΔΑ πού Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, λογοδοτούν; Το δημοκρατικό έλλειμμα μεγαλώνει, όσο μεγαλώνει η

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect «αυτονομία» αυτών των Αρχών σε σχέση με την εκτελεστική εξουσία.

Student of the School of Architecture Η ανεξαρτησία αυτών των αρχών απέναντι στην εκτελεστική εξουσία Technical University of Crete είναι βέβαια απαραίτητη, για να εκπληρώσουν την αποστολή τους 1. Introductory χωρίς εξαρτήσεις.approach: Defining the concept

116

1. Introductory approach: the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the ΒΙΒΛΙΟΓΡΑΦΙΑ among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great “principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with the definition of the content of concepts. Αθανασόπουλος Κωνσταντίνος «Διοικητικό Δίκαιο», Αθήνα 2014 έκδ. Κέντρο acquisition of knowledge starts with the definition of the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term Επιμόρφωσης, Μελετών, Έρευνας και Ανάπτυξης 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, term gentrification) is area of Planning) (or gentrification Αντωνόπουλος Μανώλης «Εθνικό Ραδιοτηλεοπτικό Συμβούλιο, η the πρώτη 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ανεξάρτητη διοικητική αρχή στην Ελλάδα» Νομικό Βήμα, τόμος 39, 1991 σελ.

Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement 1193 επ. ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation ofΜανώλης art galleries, restaurants,Διοικητικές etc. However this “change”, regardless of Αντωνόπουλος «Ανεξάρτητες Αρχές», Σάκκουλας 1995. the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof Βενιζέλος Ε. «Η Ραδιοτηλεοπτική Έκρηξη» 1989. whatever other consequencesκαι has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative speculation). Δαγτόγλου Π. « Ραδιοτηλεόραση Σύνταγμα» 1989. potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at ΜΜΕ», first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to Καράκωστας Γιάννης «Το Δίκαιο των Σάκκουλας 1998.

The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto Κουλούρης Νίκος «Οιtrend Ανεξάρτητες Διοικητικές Αρχές», Διοικητική the then observed ofiswealthy to buy property inΜεταρρύθμιση, poor the then observed wealthy people to there buy property in poor areas τεύχος 34, Απρίλιος – trend Ιούνιος 1988, σελ.sometimes 5 London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old residents areof London, them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are Μακρής Ι. upgrade «Νομολογία Ραδιοτηλεόρασης» 1996. being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”. Μπεσίλα – Μακρίδη Ελισάβετ «Το Δικαίωμα της Αρχές και ο A description of this phenomenon is included in Αναφοράς the work ofστις Sociologist Ruth A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth Συνήγορος τουsame Πολίτη», Σάκκουλας 2000.situations were recorded in other major GLASS at the period, while similar GLASS at the same period, similar situations were recordedαπό in other major Μπεσίλα –Μακρίδη Ελισάβετ «Ο Έλεγχος της Δημόσιας Διοίκησης το “Σώμα cities in Western countries, bywhile other Researchers. cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. Επιθεωρητών Διοίκησης”», 1999. scholars and for its more Since then,Ελεγκτών the issueΔημόσιας has preoccupied several then, the issue has preoccupied severalπρότυπα scholars andτα forημεδαπά its more «Οι Since ανεξάρτητες Διοικητικές Αρχές: αλλοδαπά και comprehensive approach are beingΤαsummarized below, from the various comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the κακέκτυπα» Διοικητική Δίκη τεύχοςof 5, gentrification, Σεπτ. – Οκτ. 1993, σελ. 1140-1183. various interpretations of the phenomenon the following: interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: Οικονόμου Αλέξανδρος «Τα κρατικά όργανα τηςofΕλληνικής Ραδιοτηλεόρασης ως In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend a new of social groups ανεξάρτητες διοικητικές αρχές», Επιθεώρηση Δημ. Δικαίου, 1995, τεύχος 2. to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money http://lawdb.intrasoftnet.com and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the http://www. rae.gr term from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety atcomes the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: http://www.odigostoupoliti.eu/sintagmatika-katochiromenes-anexartitesservices of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for diikitikes-arches-ada/ lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, ↑http://www.hellenicparliament.gr/Organosi-kai-Leitourgia/Diaskepsiin According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public and Proedron/ long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, ofaction buying workτου are characterized by a passion for See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. ↑her Άρθρο ιστοτόπου in.gr σχετικό μεjustice. την ανεξαρτητοποίηση της Γ.Γ.Δ.Ε. and selling real estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. COLLINS SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: ↑ Άρθρο του ιστοτόπου kathimerini.gr σχετικό με την ανεξαρτητοποίηση της G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually Γ.Γ.Δ.Ε.

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