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Σχολικός GENTRIFICATION Definition, Typesεκφοβισμός: of Intervention, ένα φαινόμενο που χρήζει ειδικότερης διαχείρισης: Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification νομικής, διοικητικής, εκπαιδευτικής1 Concerns

Της κυρίας Έλλης ΧΑΤΖΗΡΑΦΤΗ Μ. Sc., Publ. Admin., By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Πανεπ. ΝΕΑΠΟΛΙΣ, Πάφος Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student,

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect

Student of the School of Architecture Στις απαρχές του 20ου αιώνα, η επιστημονική κοινότητα άρχισε Technical University of Crete να χρησιμοποιεί τον όρο «bullying», ο οποίος μεταφράζεται ως «σχολικός εκφοβισμός» ή «σχολική επιθετικότητα». Ο πρώτος 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept ερευνητής που approach: ασχολήθηκε εκτεταμένα του 1. Introductory the conceptμε ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, (444το BC -φαινόμενο 370 BC, Athens), εκφοβισμού ήταν ο Dan Olweus. Ο Olweus υπογραμμίζει ότι ο σχολικός ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great “principle”: the among other wise heritage he leftthe us, he established a greatof“principle”: the εκφοβισμός προκύπτει όταν ένας συγκεκριμένος μαθητής εκφοβίζεται acquisition of knowledge starts with definition of the content concepts. of knowledge starts with thein definition the content of concepts. ήacquisition θυματοποιείται, τυγχάνει επανειλημμένης έκθεσης κατά τη Based, therefore, onόταν this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 (and urban Based,κάποιου therefore, on this “principle” inindicated a first, notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) is (in area of Planning) (or gentrification διάρκεια χρονικού διαστήματος σε ifαρνητικές πράξεις, (όπως 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various σκόπιμη πρόκληση, ή προσπάθεια πρόκλησης βλάβης- δυσφορίας) υπό Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement ενός ήofπερισσότερων μαθητώνθυτών (Olweus, 1978). Εκ παραλλήλου ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of οthe εκφοβισμός θεωρείται ως μια μορφή βίας this εντός του regardless σχολικού operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”, whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof περιβάλλοντος και διασαφηνίζεται ότιalsoκάθε whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results risingμορφή of land βίας prices μεταξύ (and the potential relative μαθητών δεν αποτελεί πράξη εκφοβισμού (Galand, 2009). potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s andσχολικού itareas refersofto Ήδη στις σύγχρονες κοινωνίες το φαινόμενο του the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor the then observed trend wealthy people to there buy property in poor areas εκφοβισμού παρατηρείται όλο sometimes και πιο έντονο, ενώold παράλληλα London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus residents areof London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. συνοδεύεται με σοβαρές επιπτώσεις στην ψυχοσυναισθηματική being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work ofταυτόχρονα Sociologist Ruth ανάπτυξη του παιδιού και του εφήβου, επηρεάζοντας και A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major τη διαδικασία της μάθησης (Georgiousituations & Stavrinides, 2008). Πρόκειται GLASS at the same period, were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, bywhile othersimilar Researchers. για ένα πεδίο «αντικοινωνικών» συμπεριφορών και μορφών cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more κακοποίησης, εκδηλώνονται στο several χώρο της σχολικής μονάδας Since then, που the issue has scholars andthe for its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized below, from various (Dawkins, 1995), οι οποίες αφορμώνται από μια απλή αντιπαράθεση comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: interpretations of the phenomenon thecategory following: και κλιμακωθούν με βίαιων επιθέσεων Inμπορούν a sense, theνα phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a την trendεκδήλωση of a new of social groups (Αντωνίου, 2008). to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money and time to travel έχουν from theκαταδείξει purlieus to downtown, work place is, lack of the Έρευνες ότι 30%where παιδιών έχουν κάποια 1.of The term from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth GLASS wasθύτη, born in sense safety atcomes the distributed residencies outside town centres, search for better εμπλοκή στο φαινόμενο του εκφοβισμού, άλλοτε με το ρόλο του Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of education, entertainment “at heart ofρόλο the city”, (possibly)for άλλοτε μεhealth, το ρόλο τουsame θύματος, με the τοand διπλό τουmovements θύματοςYouth Unemployment. The year sheάλλοτε left Germany after continuous

lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and *1 UniversityΜέρος College εκτενούς of London, where she continued social research.διαχείριση Her public and εργασίας με groups, θέμα her «Η ειδικότερη (νομική, long-term informal effort by organized manufacturers, brokers ofaction buying her work areεκπαιδευτική) characterized byτου a passion for justice. Seeσχολικού also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. διοικητική, φαινομένου του εκφοβισμού στη web, Μέση and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for the depreciation initially of part of the urban in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Co Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: Εκπαίδευση» G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

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