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Bookreview GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention,
M. St. KARAGIANNI Definition, Types of intervention, Concerns of Gentrification Culture Sustainability Policy Concerns
Dr Vicky DELITHEOU Asst.Professor By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Department ofHarvard Economics and Regional Development Panteion University, Graduate School of Design, Student, Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS University ofBy Social and Political Sciences of Architect Athens, Student of the School of Architecture Technical University of Crete
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In 2017, Maria St. Defining Karagianni had the first edition of her 1. Introductory approach: the concept 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept Dissertation-Monograph titled ‘Cultural Sustainability - Athens), Aspects ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -Policy 370 BC, of the Greek Society’ published by Scientific Publications ‘Dionikos’, in ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great “principle”: the among wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he is established a great the form 14other x of 21,totaling 174 addressed primarily to pupils acquisition knowledge startspages,which with of the content of“principle”: concepts. acquisition of knowledge starts with the the content of concepts. Based, therefore, onDepartments this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term and students of the ofindefinition Culture,Cultural Management and 1 (and urban Based, therefore, this “principle” inindicated a first, and if (in notUniversities final, approach, the term gentrification) is the area of Planning) (or gentrification Cultural Schools of on Technological Institutes in Greece 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various where such subjects are taught as well as to students-scientists that Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, removal fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe the placement deal with research, and secondly to readers and culture-lovers as well ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of as to those that are involved in professional activities in the cultural the operation ofconsequences art galleries, restaurants, etc.also However regardless whatever other has, results risingthis of “change”, land prices (and theof domain. whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative potential relative speculation). The afore-mentioned dissertation a wide The term gentrification is found at first in thecovers UK in early 1960s spectrum and it refers of to Thethat term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK early 1960s and are itareas refers the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor ofto issues concern Cultural Management andin Policy which two the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, stay of themselves and thusscientific old residents areof thematicupgrade fieldsthem, that are viewed in a strictly and London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. comprehensible way, using tools of analysis of relevant subjects and being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth synthesis of same relevant evaluations that in the the A description ofperiod, this phenomenon isso included thereader work of is Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the while similar situations were recorded inled othertomajor GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major acceptance of the formulated proposals and solutions which are useful cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then, the issue has several scholars Institutions and for its more to scientists and professionals in Cultural Educational and Since then, the issue has several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized from Organizations. comprehensive approach are being summarized from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thebelow, following: The dissertation is structured in eight chapters. interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups A Foreword by Assistant Professor V. Delitheou stresses the to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money and time to travel from the purlieusand to downtown, where work place is, lackMaria of the importance of the Dissertation the contribution of the author, 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, St. Karagianni, Culture Cultural Policy. Berlin, where she to made her firstand studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”,movements (possibly)for Youth1. Unemployment. TheChapterdeals same year she leftwith Germany and after continuous The First Cultural Policy in Greece, lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back to London, determines its and provides solutions. in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to weaknesses another approach, the is due a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying 2. The Second Chapter compares the Cultural Policies of two her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of pinpoints part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: Greek Organizations (one public and one2009. private), differences G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually and offers suggestions and proposals.
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Student of the School of Architecture Technical University of Crete
1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept 1. Introductory approach: the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old residents areof London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more Since then, the issue has several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized from comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, ofaction buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually 252159 11
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification 3. The Third Chapter analyzes the importance of Aesthetic Labor Concerns
as a motivating factor using two Greek organizations as examples. 4. The Fourth Chapter stresses the importance of Philanthropic By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Support for the CulturalHarvard SectorUniversity, in view ofGraduate cuts in public School subsidies. of Design, Student, By Mr. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect 5. The Fifth Chapter identifies theGeorge-Sp. opportunities and limitations of Student of the School of Architecture social media in the marketing of a Cultural Organization. Technical University of Crete 6. The Sixth Chapter describes the concept of Digital Media and its 1. Introductory approach: Defining the using concept application in Cultural Organizations the case of museums as an 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, example. ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the 7. The Seventh Chapter discusses the issue whether the media among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the contribute to the national andwith international ofofaconcepts. country. acquisition of knowledge starts theindefinition the content Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, development if of not final, approach, the term 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” inindicated athe first,Olympic if (in notthe final, approach, the term 8. The Eighth Chapter refers is to Games in Athens, (and urban gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Greece in 2008. Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement The fundamentals of other cities that hosted Olympic Games are ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of discussed in of detail as well as the eras in rising Greece before the Games, the operation art galleries, restaurants, etc.also However this regardless whatever other consequences has, results of “change”, land prices (and theof whatever other consequences has, resultsAalso rising of land prices (and the during the Games and after the Games. thorough analysis is provided potential relative speculation). potential relative speculation). Thereference term gentrification is found at first in the UK in to early 1960s and it refers to with to the importance of the Games Athens, their strong The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor and points astrend well as the legacy of thetoGames to Greece nowadays. the week then observed wealthy people buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof It isupgrade obvious thatstay thethemselves author knows perfectly thethus issues she deals London, them, sometimes there and old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”. with, approaches them in a scientifically intrusive way and uses either A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major the A inductive or the deductive approach of analysis, (andofoccasionally, a GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. combination ofcountries, the two methods), utilizes an understandable, cities in Western bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more persuasive, scientific and several provides evidence her Since then, the issue reasoning, has scholars andthe forfor its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized below, from various comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various allegations, using arguments and examples. the She is methodical and interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, following: interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new category of social of groups demonstrates critical thought in dealing with the eight chapters her to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus several reasons: high costs money dissertation, and, thus, she directsforthestudent-reader to ain better and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the understanding of the knowledgeRuth offered. termat comes from Sociologist GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin,The where she made her Vitae first studies. In 1932 she published an scientific important study entitled: Curriculum of the author and her work as services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for described on back cover ofLondon the ‘Monograph’ highlight the author’s lower living costthe of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, in 1943 she published studies regarding city planning. In 1950 she became teacher the According to another approach, the phenomenon is due to a systematic and personality, her scientific portrait, and her continuous presence in in the University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, ofaction buying fields of are science, arts, literature culture general. her work characterized by a passion and for justice. See in also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually
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