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ΑΠΟ ΤΟ DOGVILLE GENTRIFICATION Definition, TypesΣΤΟ of SUBURBICON Intervention, και η αρχιτεκτονική των προαστείων Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification ConcernsΤου κ. Σόλ. ΞΕΝΟΠΟΥΛΟΥ
Αρχιτέκ., Ομότ. Καθηγ. ΕΜΠ, Κοσμήτορος Σχολής Αρχιτεκτ. Μηχαν. και Γεωπεριβαλ. By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Επιστημών, Πανεπιστ. ΝΕΑΠΟΛΙΣ, Πάφος
Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Studentταινίας of the School of Architecture Με την παρακολούθηση της φετεινής Suburbicon, σε Technical University of Crete σκηνοθεσία του George Clooney, ήρθε στην μνήμη μια άλλη, το Dogville
(2003), με σκηνοθέτη τον Lars von the Trier. 1. Introductory approach: Defining concept 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 εύρημα, Το Dogville αρχίζει με ένα κινηματογραφικό οποίο ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC - 370 με BC,το Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage heηleft us, heαισθητική establishedπλευρά a great της “principle”: εύστοχα, συμπυκνώνονται γενική ταινίας, the το among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. πλαίσιο και ο φορέας ανάπτυξης της πλοκής, καθώς επίσης και το acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term ισχυρό κοινωνικό σχόλιο του σκηνοθέτη. 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) is area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 Η αρχική σκηνή της είναι αργό μεthis, gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom area ofταυτόχρονη Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a ένα cityisarea, thezoom-out removal (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social usuallyπου of low-income and την the placement thereζωή of artists, αφήγηση απόgroups, μια φωνή περιγράφει καθημερινή των ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”, regardless of κατοίκων, αυτής της κάπου ξεχασμένης και απομονωμένης πόλης, της the operation ofconsequences art galleries, restaurants, etc.also However regardless whatever other has, results risingthis of “change”, land prices (and theof Dogville. whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative Μακριά από κάθεis έννοια potential relative speculation). The term gentrification found atρεαλιστικής first in the UKαναπαράστασής in early 1960s and itτους, refers οι to The term gentrification found first in the UK in earlyμορφή 1960s andκάτοψης itareas refersofto χώροι αποτυπώνονται στην atpeople οθόνη την the then observed trend ofiswealthy toμε buy property in poor the then observed trend of wealthy people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stayκιμωλία themselves sometimes and thus old residents areof σχεδιασμένης με λευκή πάνω σε μια επίπεδη μαύρη επιφάνεια. London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. Όσο ανοίγει το“squeezed”. πλάνο, εμφανίζεται σταδιακά το σύνολο της πόλης, με being indirectly A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth τον Aσυνδυασμό του με κιμωλία και αντικειμένων, τα οποία description of thisσχεδίου phenomenon is situations included inwere the work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same period, while similar recorded in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major ειναιinδιασκορπισμένα συγκεκριμμένες cities Western countries,σε by other Researchers. θέσεις. Τα συστατικά αυτά cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars its more αντιστοιχούν σε λειτουργίεςήχώρους, ή ακόμα και and σε for ζωντανούς Since then, the issue has preoccupied several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach are being summarized from οργανισμούς. Ετσι, ενώ έναare σπίτι π.χ.summarized περιγράφεται από from το σχέδιο στην comprehensive approach being below, the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: κάτοψη, σε the κάποια υπάρχει πραγματική πόρτα με το πλαίσιο interpretations of the θέση phenomenon gentrification, thecategory following: In a sense, phenomenon is dueof toμια a trend of a new of social groups και το φύλλο της, και ταυτόχρονα, σε κάποιο άλλο σημείο το άνοιγμα to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money and to travel from the purlieus downtown, where work place lack of the μιαςtime πόρτας συμβολίζεται με τοto σχέδιό της. Επιπλα όπως τα is, ράφια μιας 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, βιβλιοθήκης, πιάνο ή έναInτραπέζι, αλλά και ένα παράθυρο, Berlin, where sheένα her first studies. 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health,made education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”,movements (possibly)for Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous βρίσκονται τοποθετημένα ελεύθερα στον χώρο, ενώ το σώμα ενός lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc. studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back to London, where σκυλιού παριστάνεται μεregarding το λευκο περίγραμμα στο φόντο, in According 1943 she published studies cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 she teacher in the to another approach, the isτου due tobecame aμαύρο systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, ofaction buying και με την λέξη “dog”. her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part the urban web, in 10th edit. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: Το Wil. καμπαναριό της εκκλησίας προσδιορίζεται μεof την οξυκόρυφη G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually απόληξή του η οποία αναρτάται από τον ουρανό, ενώ το υπόλοιπο 252161 11
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
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κάτω τμήμα του απουσιάζει τελείως. Κάποια πρόχειρα ξύλινα ικριώματα αντιπροσωπεύουν ένα ορυχείο. Κυρίαρχη είναι η παρουσία μονοχρωμίας σε όλα. Από τα αντικείμενα, έως τα κοστούμια και τις μορφές των ηθοποιών. Η γαιώδης ώχρα. Με αυτό το αφαιρετικό στο σύνολό του τοπίο, η εικονογραφία παραπέμπει σε θεατρική σκηνογραφία. Στην κινηματογραφική By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS πραγματικότητα όμως,Harvard το χωρικό αυτό σύστημα University, Graduate School διαφοροποιείται of Design, Student, Mr. George-Sp. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect καθοριστικά από τον θεατρικόByχώρο, για δύο C. βασικούς λόγους. Ο Student of the School of Architecture πρώτος έχει να κάνει με το γεγονός ότι αφορά την επίπεδη εικόνα που Technical University of Crete προβάλλεται στην οθόνη και την σχέση του θεατή με αυτήν. Ο 1. Introductory approach: the concept δεύτερος όμως και εξίσουDefining ουσιαστικός αφορά την κινηματογραφική 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, μηχανή και τον συστατικό της ρόλο, που είναι η κίνηση της με ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the διαφορετικούς ρυθμούς και αποστάσεις, ανάμεσα στις κατασκευέςκαι among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the τα σώματα των on ηθοποιών, καταγράφοντας ουσιαστικά αυτές τις acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts. Based, therefore, this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term σχέσεις. (and urban gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Αφού οι οποιεσδήποτε ορατές κατασκευές είτε έχουν Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement ελαχιστοποιηθεί, είτε έχουν απομειωθεί στις λευκές γραμμές στο ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of μαύρο επίπεδο, έμφαση αποδίδεται στον χώρο, ο (and οποίος the operation ofconsequences artηgalleries, restaurants, etc.also However this regardless whatever other has, results risingκενό of “change”, land prices theof whatever otherσε consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the αναδεικνύεται φορέα συγκρότησης των κοινωνικών σχέσεων. potential relative speculation). potential relative speculation). TheΗterm gentrification is found περιγράφει at first in the UK in early 1960sγεγονότα and it refers to φωνή του αφηγητή χαρακτήρες, και The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor καταστάσεις και trend παρεμβάλλεται μεταξύ τωνproperty διαλόγων καιareas τωνof the then observed wealthy sometimes people to there buy in poor London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old residents are φράσεων που“squeezed”. εκφέρονται από τουςsometimes ηθοποιούς, με and τον thus ίδιοold τρόπο που are η London, upgrade them, stay themselves there residents being indirectly being indirectly κάμερα κινείται“squeezed”. των ηθοποιών και των κατασκευών. A description ofμεταξύ this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth A description of this phenomenon is included in the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS the sameεπικεντρώνεται period, while similarστην situations were in other major Η at πλοκή ηρεμία αυτής της μικρής GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. κοινωνίας, η οποία όμως, με αφορμή την απρόσμενη εμφάνιση μιας cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more άγνωστης ξένης, αποκαλύπτεται ναseveral κρύβει φοβερές, βουβές Since then, the issue has scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized below, from comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the καταστάσεις ofπλήξης, βίας, καταπιεσμένων παθών και χωρίςvarious όρια interpretations the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new category of social groups σκληρότητας. Καταστάσεις οι οποίες, όσο προχωρεί η ταινία, to “return” to the city,ανεξέλεγκτη leaving the purlieus several reasons: high costs in money καταλήγουν στην έκρηξηfor βίας. and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the Αντίστοιχα, λοιπόν, στο φετεινό και1912-1940. εμφανώςRuth πιοGLASS συμβατικής termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, search for Berlin, where she made her firstηstudies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: αισθητικής Suburbicon, βία βρίσκεται κρυμμένη κάτω από την services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for ευπρέπεια, τηνof, οικογενειακή ηρεμία και γαλήνη. Οσο όμως εξελίσσεται lower living cost “withdrawal” from private access to markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came back to London, in 1943 she published studies regarding city planning. In 1950 she became teacher the According to another approach, the phenomenon is due to a systematic and η ταινία, οι εντάσεις ανεβαίνουν και η έκρηξη επέρχεται ταυτόχροναin σε University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, ofaction buying δύο αλληλοσυμπληρούμενα επίπεδα. Αφ’ενός σ’αυτόENGLISH της οικογένειας her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: και της ιδιωτικής κατοικίας, με μεθοδικά σχεδιασμένους άγριους G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
θανάτους μεταξύ των μελών, και αφ’ετέρου, στον ευρύτερο κοινωνικό χώρο, του, υποτίθεται, ήρεμου, χαρωπού προαστείου, του “suburb”, το οποίο υποσχόταν την απόλυτη ασφάλεια και ευτυχία. Έτσι, στην περίπτωση του κοινωνικού χώρου, η εσωτερικευμένη βία εκδηλώνεται από τους, κατά τα άλλα, φιλήσυχους και χαμογελαστούς ενοίκους των όμορφων σπιτιών, με συσσωρευμένη και By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS κλιμακούμενη ένταση. Harvard ΑφορμήUniversity, για την εξέλιξη γίνεται καιStudent, εδώ, η Graduateαυτή, School of Design, By Mr. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect ξαφνική άφιξη και εγκατάσταση τουGeorge-Sp. ξένου, ενός νεαρού έγχρωμου Student of the School of Architecture ζευγαριού με το μικρό τους αγόρι, σε μια γειτονιά του προαστείου. Technical University of Crete Αυτοί οι άνθρωποι αμέσως αντιμετωπίζονται από τους λευκούς 1. Introductory approach: the concept ενοίκους ως εισβολείς πουDefining διαταράσσουν την (φυλετική) καθαρότητα 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, και την ηρεμία τους. Το, επίσης ιδιόκτητο, σπίτι του ζευγαριού είναι ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the πανομοιότυπο με τα υπόλοιπα του οικισμού, όπως αυτά διαφημίζονται among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the στην αρχή ταινίας μεwith ειδυλλιακές ζωγραφισμένες με acquisition ofτης knowledge starts theindefinition the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first,εικόνες if of not final, approach, the term 1 Based, therefore, onστο this “principle” inindicated a first, if (in not final, approach, the και term χαρούμενα χρώματα, διαφημιστικό έντυπο της εποχής (1957), (and urban gentrification) is the area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various περιγράφονται με ελκυστική γλαφυρότητα και λεπτομέρεια από την Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement φωνή ενός αφηγητή. ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of Όπως δηλαδή ο Trierστο Dogville χρησιμοποιεί το σχέδιο με the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (andτην theof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, χώρους results also rising of land pricesσε (andμια the κιμωλία για να περιγράψει και καταστάσεις potential relative potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the in early 1960s it refers to περιθωριοποιημένη πόλη, έτσι και ο UK Clooney στο and Suburbicon The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor χρησιμοποιεί το σχέδιο, την ζωγραφιά, να property ειρωνευτεί και areas αυτόςof the then observed trend wealthy people για to there buy in poor London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes and thus old residents are στην αρχή της ταινίας του, αυτό τον τρόπο ζωής καιresidents να τον London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old are being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”. κατεδαφίσει στο τέλος. Ενώ όμως στο Dogville κυριαρχεί το μαύρο του A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at theη same while recorded in other major κενού, και μονοχρωμία τηςsimilar ώχρας, σαν να θέλει από την αρχή να GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. μιλήσει για τονcountries, κρυμμένο σκοτεινό κόσμο αυτής της πόλης, στο cities in Western bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more Suburbicon όλαthe είναι φωτεινά, λαμπερά και Το Since then, issueπολύχρωμα, has several scholars andδιαυγή. for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized below, from the comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various σκοτάδι που υπάρχει κάτω απόofαυτά, αποκαλύπτεται στο τέλος, όταν interpretations of the phenomenon gentrification, the following: interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new category social groups μια κατασκότεινη νύκτα η έκρηξη της βίας καταστρέφει ταofπάντα. to “return” to the city, leaving theείναι purlieus forπροαστειακός several reasons:οικισμός high costsπου in money Το Suburbicon λοιπόν ένας έχει and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the σχεδιαστεί μεcomes βάσηfrom το Sociologist ορθοκανονικό σύστημα. Τα σπίτια προσφέρουν termat Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, where she made her firstΚάθε studies. In διαθέτει 1932 she published anτου important study entitled: όλες τις πιθανές ανέσεις. ένα τον δικό κήπο, την δική services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for του θέση στάθμευσης, υπόγειο, ισόγειο μεeasier τηνshe ανοικτή κουζίνα, και lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car New York came to back to London, in 1943 she published studies regarding city planning. In 1950 she became teacher in the According to another approach, the phenomenon is due to a systematic and όροφο με τους χώρους ύπνου, και τα απαραίτητα κεραμίδια στη στέγη. University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, ofaction buying Είναι πλήρως εξοπλισμένο με όλες τις ανέσεις, κ.λ.,DICTIONARY. δωμάτιο her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: τηλεόραση COLLINS ENGLISH and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: για το παιδί. Αυτή η τυπική χωροταξία και αρχιτεκτονική συνιστά το G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, Types of intervention, of Gentrification πρότυπο γιαConcerns την τακτοποιημένη, ευτυχισμένη ζωή για τους ενοίκους του, έναν τρόπο ζωής που υπόσχεται ιδιωτικότητα,και διαρκή ευτυχία. Concerns
Και όμως το υπόγειο γίνεται ο χώρος όπου ο άψογος οικογενειάρχης συνευρίσκεται με την αδερφή της γυναίκας του, στο ισόγειο By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS δηλητηριάζονται κάποιοι πληρωμένοι και άλλα πολλά. Μια Harvard University,δολοφόνοι, Graduate School of Design, Student, By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect κόλαση που εκπορεύεται από μια αρχιτεκτονική που υπόσχεται σε Student of the School of Architecture όλους τον φανταστικό παράδεισο. Technical University of Crete Κοινό χαρακτηριστικό και των δύο ταινιών, η αποκάλυψη αυτού Introductory approach: the concept το 1.οποίο κρύβεται πίσωDefining και κάτω από την περίεργη ευτυχία και 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, ευπρέπεια, αυτού που κατοικεί σε χώρους οι οποίοι κρύβουν, (ή μήπως ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the εκκολάπτουν;) πόνο, εξαπάτηση, μισαλλοδοξία, φόβο για άλλο. the among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great τον “principle”:
64
acquisition of knowledge starts with the definition of the content of concepts. acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term ΕΠΙΛΟΓΟΣ gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Ισως ο πιο κατάλληλος, και κυριολεκτικά ο πιο όμορφος,επίλογος Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, from this, of (inartists, various ways), of social usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement για αυτό το groups, τόσο σκοτεινό άρθρο, να είναι μια νέαthere ταινία που ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of προβάλλεται αυτό τον καιρό στους κινηματογράφους. “Lucky” μεof the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However regardless whatever other consequences has, results also risingthis of “change”, land Το prices (and the whatever otherspeculation). consequences results also rising of landτελευταίο prices (and the πρωταγωνιστή τον σπουδαίοhas, Harry Dean Stanton στον του potential relative potential relative speculation). Theκαι termσκηνοθέτη gentrification is found first inLynch, the UKείναι in early andγυρισμένη it refers to ρόλο, τον John at Carrol και1960s αυτή The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor σε απομονωμένη μικρή πόλη. Ο πρωταγωνιστής μόνος σε theκάποια then observed trend wealthy people to there buy property inζει poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes and thus old residents areof ένα μικρό ισόγειο σπίτι, έξω από αυτήν. there Ο προσωπικός χώρος London, upgrade them, stayλίγο themselves sometimes and thus oldτου residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”. συνίσταται από ένα δυο καναπέδες, μια στοιχειώδη κουζίνα, κάπου ένα A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded workανέσεις, of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the while in other major κρεβάτι, εναsame σχεδόν άδειοsimilar ψυγείο, ελάχιστες καμμία GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other πολυτέλεια, καμμία διάθεση γιαResearchers. προβολή. Τα κτίσματα στην πόλη είναι cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more και Since αυτά then, απλά,the ανεπιτήδευτα, φτιαγμένα από below, πολύ απλά υλικά. issue has several scholars andthe for various its Μια more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized from comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various αρχιτεκτονικήof the αισιόδοξη, σεof gentrification, μια ταινία the αισιόδοξη interpretations phenomenon following: και βαθιά interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new category social groups ουμανιστική. Με στέρεη δομή, με την κάμερα, κάποτε ναofκοιτάζει από to “return” to the purlieus for several in money πολύ κοντά καιcity, μεleaving αγάπηtheτα πρόσωπα, και reasons: κάποτεhigh απόcosts μακρυά τα and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the τοπία. Μια κάμερα που πραγματεύεται την Ruth αιωνιότητα του termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, search Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important entitled: αναπότρεπτου που ο ενενηντάχρονος “Lucky” με services of health,τέλους, education, entertainment “at the heart of theυποδηλώνει city”,study (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for ένα αυθόρμητο τραγούδι και έναandειρωνικό μειδίαμα. Καιetc.where μια lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private car access to markets, studies and research Geneva, Prague, London Neweasier York she came back to London, in 1943 she published studies regarding city planning. In 1950 she became teacher in the According to another approach, the phenomenon is due to a systematic and εκατοντάχρονη χελώνα να συνεχίζει τον αργό της περίπατο στην University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, ofaction buying ερημο. her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: Ενας κινηματογράφος λιτός, βαθύς, υπέροχος. G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually
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