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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Τοις Εντευξομένοις Definition, of intervention, Η΄ ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Οι θεμελιώδεις «αρχές» Concerns
οι διέπουσες την δράση της Ελληνικής By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Δημόσιας Διοίκησης Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student,
By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect
StudentΓΕ. of the School of Architecture Του κ. Κωνστ. ΑΘΑΝΑΣΟΠΟΥΛΟΥ
Technical University Επιστ. of Crete Καθηγητού Σχολ. Νομικών και Κοινωνικών και Μεταπτ. Προγραμμάτων 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept Πανεπιστημίου Πάφος, Kε�άλαι� ΙΓ ΄BCΝΕΑΠΟΛΙΣ, 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, - 370 BC, Αθηνών, Athens), Καθηγητού Επισκ. Μετ. Προγρ. Σπ. Πανεπ. ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BCτην -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us,αρ�ές he established a great the θεµελιώδεις διέπ�υσες δράση Ομοτ. Καθηγητού ΠΑΝΤΕΙΟΥ Π.Κ.Π.Ε., among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a great “principle”: the acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content of concepts. Ch.definition L. U. L. Bruxelles, Ex. Int. Paris της ∆ηµ�σιας ∆ι�ίκησης acquisition of knowledge starts withExthe the content of I.I.A.P., concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), asα.the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Γενική πρ�σέγγιση Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, of low-income and�µαλ�τητας theremoval placement Yπ�usually καθεστώς δηµ�κρατικής η δύν�λη δράση της ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However�τι thisδιέπεται “change”, regardless of ∆ηµ�σιας ∆ι�ίκησης είναι πρ��ανές, υπ� την εκάστ�the operation ofconsequences art galleries, restaurants, etc.also However regardless whatever other has, results risingthis of “change”, land prices (and theof ισ�υ�υσών περίhas, αυτής ρυθµισεων, απ�ρρε�υσών εκ τ�υ(and δικαί�υ whatever otherτε consequences results also rising of land prices the potential relative speculation). της Eυρωπαϊκής Ένωσης, τ�υ Συντάγµατ�ς και των N�µ�θετικών potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to ρυθµίσεων, is(ενί�τε δεσµεύσεων εκ των δεδικαThe term gentrification foundκαι atpeople first in the UKαπ�ρρε�υσών in early 1960s and itareas refers the then observed trend of wealthy to buy property in poor ofto σµένων απ��άσεων ∆ικαστηρίων). the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof Oι τρέ��υσες συνθήκες �ωής επέ�αλαν, συνε�ή London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and ως thusγνωστ�ν, old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. διεύρυνση των δράσεων της ∆ηµ�σιας ∆ι�ίκησης, τ�σ� πρ�ς κάλυbeing indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth ψηofperiod, νέων καιν��ανών αναγκών, και recorded πρ�ς of ικαν�π�ίηση συνεA description this phenomenon is situations included�σ� inwere the work Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major �ώς διευρυν�µενων πρ��ληµάτων των ∆ι�ικ�υµένων. cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Eνδεικτικώς ανα�έρεται εδώ, �τι ηscholars εν γένει σύνν�µη της Since then, the issue has several and for δράση its more Since then, ∆ηµ�σιας the issue ∆ι�ίκησης has severalσα�ώς scholars and for various its πρ�σδι�ρί�εται και διέπεται, ωςmore ελέcomprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized below, from the comprehensive approach are being summarized from the various υπ� της εκάστ�τε ισ�ύ�υσας ν�µ�θεσίας κ.ά. interpretations of�θη, the phenomenon of gentrification, thebelow, following: interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: Aκ�µη, ανα�έρεται παρατηρηθείσα «µετε�έλι�η» καιgroups «µετάIn a sense, the phenomenon is due to aη trend of a new category of social to “return” to theλα�η» city, leaving the τ�υ purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money της υ�ής Kράτ�υς κατά τις τελευταίες εκατ�νταετηρίand time to travelδες, from theσε purlieus to�σ� downtown, whereεπίπεδ�: work place is, lack ofKράthe τ�σ� ∆ιεθνές, και σε Eθνικ� Aστυν�µικ� termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth GLASS was born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, search for better τ�ς, Kράτ�ς ∆ικαί�υ, Kράτ�ς Πρ�ν�ιας. Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) αυτών, υπενθυµί�εται, �τιafter (και) κατά τ�movements πρ�σ�ατ� Youth Unemployment.Πέραν The same year she left Germany and continuous for lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private easier access markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and car New Yorkκλιµάκωση she came to back to London, ακ�µη παρελθ�ν παρετηρήθη έντ�νη των παρεµ�άσεin According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to ων another approach, the is due a systematic and των Oργάνων τ�υ Kράτ�υς επί π�λλαπλών τ�µέων δραστηρι�University College of London, where she continued her social research. Her public action and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying τήτων των τ�υ Kράτ�υς δρώντ�ς, είτεENGLISH µ�ν�πωλιακώς και her work are characterized by aIδιωτών, passion for justice. See also: COLLINS DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for the depreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Co Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: πρ�ν�µιακώς, (π.�. επί θεµάτων υπηρεσιών επικ�ινωνίας: OργανιG. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually σµ�ς Tηλεπικ�ινωνιών Eλλάδ�ς, O.T.E., άλλ�τε), είτε παραλλήλως,
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns (π.�. επί θεµάτων ενέργειας: παράλληλες πρ�ς την ∆ηµ�σια EπιBy Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS �είρηση Hλεκτρισµ�ύ, ∆.E.H., δραστηρι�τητες Iδιωτών).School of Design, Student, Harvard University, Graduate Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS ∆ιά��ρης υ�ής θέµατα είναι τ� By �ήτηµα της αυτεπάγγελτης Architect the δι�ιSchool of Architecture ενέργειας της ∆ηµ�σιας ∆ι�ίκησης, π.�. επί τ�υStudent πεδί�υofτων Technical University of Crete κητικών συµ�άσεων, � δι�ικητικ�ς καταναγκασµ�ς, (πρ�ηγ�υµένης ενν�είτ� της έκδ�σης εκτελεστών πρά�εων της ∆ηµ�σιας ∆ι�ί1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept κησης), η δράση τηςapproach: ∆ηµ�σιας Defining ∆ι�ίκησης,the ��ιconcept επειδή αυτή «πρ�1. Introductory ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), �λέπεται» συγκεκριµµένως ή «επι�άλλεται» υπ� των κειµένων ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the ν�µων, αλλά �ταν η δράση γίνεται πρ�ς πραγµάτωση επί µέρ�υς among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great “principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with the definition of the content of concepts. σκ�πών της απ�στ�λής τ�υ Kράτ�υς, (απ�στ�λής «π�λύµ�ρ�ης», acquisition of knowledge starts with the definition of the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term «δηµι�υργικής», «π�ικίλλης υ�ής», «επείγ�ντ�ς �αρακτήρ�ς» 1 (and urban therefore, on this “principle” inindicated a first, notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) is (in area of Planning) (or gentrification κ.ά.),Based, υπ� την condicio sine qua non, �ε�αίως, �τι ηif δράση αυτή 1 (and urban gentrification gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or Sociology as well), theπλαισί�υ “refining” ofκείµενης a city area, the removal from this, (in various «συντελείται» εντ�ςasτ�υ της ν�µ�θεσίας, τηρ�υSociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually ofτων low-income and �λέπετε the placement µένης «της αρ�ής» της διάκρισης Λειτ�υργιών, και εν there of artists, ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of συνε�εία υπ� στ�ι�εί� �. the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the H εν λ�γω «αρ�ή» δεν είναι ιδιαιτέρως «σε�αστή» σε πλείστες whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative �σες περιπτώσεις: ενί�τε «η παρέµ�αση» της µίας Λειτ�υργίας στ� potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in και the UK early 1960s and it refers to πεδί� αρµ�δι�τήτων της άλλης, πρ��λέπεται υπ� in τ�υ ΣυντάγThe term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property µατ�ς, υπ� ν�µων κ.ά.: άρθρ� 94 παράγρ. 4 τ�υ ισ�ύ�ντ�ς Συντάγ-in poor areas of the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there thus old residents areof µατ�ς: Στα Π�λιτικά ή ∆ι�ικητικά ∆ικαστήρια µπ�ρεί να and ανατεθεί London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”.δι�ικητικής �ύσεως, �πως ν�µ�ς �ρίκαι κάθε άλλη αρµ�δι�τητα being indirectly “squeezed”. description of this phenomenon is included the work of Sociologist Ruth �ει.AΣτις αρµ�δι�τητες αυτές περιλαµ�άν�νται και in η λήψη µέτρων A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar για την συµµ�ρ�ωση της ∆ι�ίκησης µε τις δικαστικές απ��άσεις... in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities Western countries, other Researchers. T�inαντίστρ��� �µως, by δηλαδή επέµ�αση της Eκτελεστικής cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. scholars and for its more Since then, the issue has E��υσίας επί της ∆ικαστικής δεν επιτρέπεται, several τ�υ σ�ετικ�ύ «επεµSince then, the issue has several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being from �ατικ�ύ» ν�µ�θετήµατ�ς κριν�µέν�υ ως summarized «αντισυνταγµατικ�ύ». comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the of gentrification, the following: Πάντως, κατά τηνphenomenon τρέ��υσα δεκαετία εµ�ανί��νται έντ�νες interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: In a sense, τάσεις, the phenomenon due to a trend of Kράτ�υς a new category �υγ�κεντρες τ�υ άλλ�τεis«παρεµ�ατικ�ύ» εγκα- of social groups to “return” to the leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money ταλειπ�µέν�υ, ως city, µη απ�δώσαντ�ς τα αναµεν�µενα ��έλη, (π.�. and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the δυσλειτ�υργίες ∆ηµ�σίων Eπι�ειρήσεων), και καταλείπ�ντ�ς 1. The term comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth GLASS for wasbetter born in sense of safety at the distributed residencies outside town centres, �ώρ� σε ανάληψη υπ� Iδιωτών δράσεων ασκ�υµένων παλαι�τε-search Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) ρ�ν υπ� τ�υ Kράτ�υς, Συµπρά�εις ∆ηµ�σι�υ Youth Unemployment. The(ιδιωτικ�π�ιήσεις, same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, και Iδιωτικ�ύ T�µέα κ.ά.). in According 1943 she published studies regarding city planning. In 1950 she became teacher in the to another approach, the phenomenon is due to a systematic and Aνε�αρτήτως �µως �λων αυτών, η σύν�λη δράση (π.�. έκδ�ση University College of London, where she continued her social research. Her public action and long-term informal effort by organized groups, συµ�άσεων manufacturers, brokers of buying δι�ικητικών πρά�εων, η byσύναψη κ.ά.), her work are characterized a passionδι�ικητικών for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of partκατ’ of the urban web, in της ∆ηµ�σιας ∆ι�ίκησης, είτε αυτή «λειτ�υργεί» δεσµευτικώς 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns επιταγήν ισ�υ�ντων καν�νων δικαί�υ, είτε πρ�κρίν�υσα, εκ π�λBy Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS λών, συγκεκριµµένη ενέργεια,Graduate πρέπει ναSchool διέπεται (και) υπ� άλλων Harvard University, of Design, Student, By της Mr. George-Sp. ATHANASSOPOULOS «αρ�ών», �πως εκείνες ν�µιµ�τητας,C.τ�υ δηµ�σί�υ συµ�έρ�Architect Student of κ.ά. the School of Architecture ντ�ς, της πρ�στασίας των ∆ι�ικ�υµένων Technical University of Crete �. Aρµ�δι�τητα της ∆ηµ�σιας ∆ι�ίκησης: δέσµευση και διακριτική ευ�έρειαDefining the concept 1. Introductory approach: 1. IntroductoryΣε approach: the concept µεDefining τις ανα�ερθείσες δύ� εκ�άνσεις ANTISTHENIS, theσ�έση ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC - 370αρµ�δι�τητας, BC, Athens), την δεσµευτική και την κατά διακριτική ευ�έρια ασκ�ύµενη, αναANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the �έρ�νται ενδεικτικώς τα ε�ής, λαµ�αν�µένης υπ’ �ψει της ιδιαamong other wise heritage he leftthe us, he established a great the acquisition of knowledge starts with definition of the content of“principle”: concepts. ��ύσης της.theindefinition acquisition of knowledge starts with the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on σηµασίας this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 (and H πρώτη ε� αυτών είναι «υπ��ρεωτική» για την Based, therefore, on this “principle” inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the∆ι�ίterm urban gentrification) is area of ∆ηµ�σια Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and κηση και τ� �ικεί� «εντεταλµέν�», «πρ�στηθέν» υπ’ αυτής �ργαgentrification urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ν� πρ�ς ε�αρµ�γή καν�νων δικαί�υ, επί σκ�πώ «υλ�π�ίησης» Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, «της εντ�λής» τ�υ συντρε��υσών, ενν�είται, των �ίων ways), of social groups, usually ofN�µ�θέτ�υ, low-income and thethis placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”, regardless of δήπ�τε πρ��λεπ�µένων πρ�ϋπ�θέσεων (π.�. έκδ�ση αδείας the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof αυτ�κινήτ�υ δηµ�σιας ή ιδιωτικής whatever otherκυκλ���ρίας consequences has, results also rising of land�ρήσης). prices (and the potential relative speculation). H δευτέρα, περιλαµ�άν�υσα πρά�η ή παράλειψη, potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and συνίσταται it refers to στηνtrend εκ τ�υ ,επιλέThe term gentrification foundευ�έρεια atpeople first inτ�υ the UK in early Oργάν�υ, 1960s and να itareas refers the then observed ofisν�µ�υ wealthy to ενεργ�ύντ�ς buy property in poor ofto the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas �ει» συνν�µως (ενδε��µένως) εκ περισσ�τέρων ενεργειών ad hoc, London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof London, upgrade stay themselves sometimesεκείνη there and oldθεωρεί residents are επίthem, συγκεκριµµένης περιπτώσεως, την thus �π�ία (συνbeing indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”. ν�µως) πρ�σ��ρώτερη για τ�ν ∆ι�ικ�ύµεν�. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth A description ofH this phenomenon is situations included inwere theτ�υ work of Sociologist Ruth διακριτική ευ�έρεια δράσης Oργάν�υ εντάσσεται GLASS at the same period, whileαυτή similar recorded in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major πρ��ανώς στην γενικώτερη ένν�ια της ν�µίµως ασκ�υµένης δράcities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. σης της ∆ηµ�σιας ∆ι�ίκησης και των Oργάνων της. for its more Since then, the issue has several scholars and Since then, the several scholars and for various its απαmore Hissue ένν�ιαhas τηςpreoccupied κατά ευ�έρεια δράσης Oργάν�υ comprehensive approach are beingδιακριτική summarized below, from the comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various ντάται, πέραν της ∆ι�ικητικής Λειτ�υργίας και σε επίπεδ� N�µ�interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: interpretations of the phenomenon thecategory following: Aρ�ών, �µως σε ∆ικαστικών. In a sense, theθετικών phenomenon is σπανίως dueof togentrification, a trend of aεπίπεδ� new of social groups to “return” to the city, theν�µιµ�τητας purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money γ. leaving Aρ�ή της and time to travel from the purlieus where την work place της is, lack of the Σ�ετικώς µε τηνtoεκdowntown, των διεπ�υσών δράση ∆ηµ�σιας termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, ∆ι�ίκησης αρ�ή της ν�µιµ�τητας σηµειώνεται, �τι αυτή µετα�ράBerlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) �εταιThe στην υπ��ρέωση τηςGermany ∆ηµ�σιας και των Oργάνων Youth Unemployment. same year she left and∆ι�ίκησης after continuous movements for lower living cost of, “withdrawal” private car access markets, etc. studies and research Geneva, London Neweasier York she came to back to London, where της,in αλλά καιPrague, τωνfrom υπ� τ�υ and Kράτ�υς συνιστωµένων N�µικών Πρ�in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 she became teacher in the toσώπων, another approach, the is due a systematic and να ενεργ�ύν εντ�ς των πλαισίων τ�υ to εκάστ�τε ισ�ύ�ντ�ς University College of London, where she continued her social research. Her public action and long-term informal effort byκαθεστώτ�ς, organized groups, manufacturers,στις brokers of buying δικαιϊκ�ύ «να See υπ�τάσωνται» διατά�εις των her work are characterized by a passion for justice. also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for the depreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Co Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: ν�µων. G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually 2521 511 235 231
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns «H καταγωγή» της αρ�ής της ν�µιµ�τητας της δράσης της By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS 1 εµµέσως Harvard University, Graduate School ofσεDesign, Student, ∆ηµ�σιας ∆ι�ίκησης και των Oργάνων της ανάγεται By Mr. George-Sp. Architect διατά�εις τ�υ Συντάγµατ�ς, �πως εκείνες των άρθρων 1,C. 5, ATHANASSOPOULOS 43, 78, Student of the School of Architecture 79, 82, 83, 94, 95: Technical 1: �λες �ι ε��υσίες πηγά��υν απ� τ�ν Λα�, υπάρ��υν υπέρUniversity of Crete Aυτ�ύ και τ�υ Έθν�υς και ασκ�ύνται �ρί�ει τ� Σύνταγµα. 1. Introductory approach: Defining �πως the concept 5: H πρ�σωπική ελευθερία είναι απαρα�ίαστη. δεν 1. Introductory approach: the conceptKανένας ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), καταδιώκεται, �ύτε συλλαµ�άνεται, �ύτε �υλακί�εται, �ύτε περι�ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the ρί�εται �π�ι�ν δήπ�τε τρ�π�, left παράus, µ�ν�ν �ταν και �πως �ρί-“principle”: the amongµε other wise heritage he established a great acquisition of knowledge startshe with the definition of the content of concepts. �ει � ν�µ�ς. of knowledge starts with the definition of the content of concepts. acquisition Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term 43: O Πρ�εδρ�ς της εκδίδει τα ∆ιατάγµατα, τα 1 Based, therefore, on∆ηµ�κρατίας this “principle” inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) is area of Planning) (or gentrification (and urban �π�ία είναι αναγκαία για την εκτέλεση των ν�µων και δεν µπ�ρεί 1 gentrification (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various π�τέ να αναστείλει την ε�αρµ�γή τ�υς, �ύτε να ε�αιρέσει κανέναν Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, απ� τηνofεκτέλεσή τ�υς. usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), social groups, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of Kανέναςof��ρ�ς δεν επι�άλλεται, �ύτε εισπράττεται �ωρίς the78: operation art galleries, restaurants, etc.also However regardless whatever other consequences has, results risingthis of “change”, land prices (and theof τυπικ� ν�µ�... whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative 79: Mε relative ν�µ� µπ�ρεί να καθιερωθεί η σύντα�η πρ�ϋπ�λ�γισµ�ύ potential speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to για The διετήterm �ρήση. gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor 82: H κυ�έρνηση καθ�ρί�ει και κατευθύνει την γενική π�λιτι-in poor areas of the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are κή της Xώρας, σύµ�ωνα µε themselves τ�υς �ρισµ�ύς τ�υ Συντάγµατ�ς και old residents are London, upgrade them, stay sometimes there and thus being indirectly “squeezed”. των being indirectly “squeezed”. Aν�µων. description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth 83: Kάθε Yπ�υργ�ς ασκεί τις αρµ�δι�τητες, π�υ in �ρί�ει � ν�µ�ς. A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar were in other major 94: Στ� Συµ��ύλι� της Eπικρατείας και τα τακτικά ∆ι�ικητικά GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. ∆ικαστήρια υπάγ�νται �ι has δι�ικητικές δια��ρές, �πωςscholars ν�µ�ς �ρίcities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then, the issue several and for its more �ει... Since then, the issue has several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized from 94: Σε ειδικές περιπτώσεις, µπ�ρεί να ανατεθεί µε ν�µ� η εκδίcomprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: καση κατηγ�ριών ιδιωτικών δια��ρών. interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new category of social groups 94: Στα to Π�λιτικά ∆ι�ικητικά ∆ικαστήρια µπ�ρείreasons: να ανατεθεί to “return” the city,ήleaving the purlieus for several high costs in money και κάθε άλλη αρµ�δι�τητα δι�ικητικής �ύσης, �πως and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, whereν�µ�ς work�ρίplace is, lack of the �ει. 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private car access to markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London Neweasier York she came back to London, 1. Παρά�. «τεκµήρι� ν�µιµ�τητας»: �ρ�ς µη and τυγ�άνων γενικής απ�δ�in 1943 she published studies regarding city planning. In 1950 she became teacher in the According to another approach, the phenomenon is due to a systematic and �ής. Eν Γαλλία: τεκµήρι� ν�µιµ�τητας, τεκµήρι� ν�µικής αληθείας, τεκµήUniversity College of London, where she continued her social research. Her public action and long-term informal effort by�ασική organized manufacturers, brokers of buying ρι� εγκυρ�τητας. Eν Γερµανία: ισ�ύς groups, δι�ικητικής πρά�ης. Eν Hνωher work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. µένω Bασιλείω: τεκµήρι� καν�νικ�τητας, τεκµήρι� and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of κ.ά. part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. Londonεγκυρ�τητας 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns 95: Kατηγ�ρίες υπ�θέσεων της ακυρωτικής αρµ�δι�τητας τ�υ By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University, Graduate of Design, Student, Συµ��υλί�υ της Eπικρατείας µπ�ρεί ναSchool υπάγωνται µε ν�µ�... στα By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect τακτικά ∆ι�ικητικά ∆ικαστήρια. T� Συµ��ύλι� της Eπικρατείας Student of the School of Architecture δικά�ει σε �’ �αθµ�, �πως ν�µ�ς �ρί�ει. Technical University of Crete Eν περιπτώσει παρά�ασης της αρ�ής της ν�µιµ�τητας υπ� της ∆ηµ�σιας ∆ι�ίκησης Oργάνων της και των υπ’ αυτής 1. Introductory approach: Definingκαι theτων concept 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept συσταθέντων N�µικών Πρ�σώπων, εάνBC, αυτά διέπ�ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, αδιακρίτως (444 BC - 370 Athens), νται υπ� καν�νων ∆ηµ�σί�υ ή Iδιωτικ�ύ δικαί�υ, δύναται να ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the �ητηθεί υπ� παντ�ς έ��ντ�ς ένν�µ� η of ακύρωση, η ανάamong other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a great “principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of συµ�έρ�ν the content concepts. acquisition of knowledge starts with theτης the content of concepts. κληση, τρ�π�π�ίηση πρά�ης, η απ�κατάBased, therefore, on ηthis “principle” indefinition a συγκεκριµµένης first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 (and Based, therefore, on this “principle” inπρ�κληθείσης a first, if (in notthe final, approach, theαπ�term σταση των πραγµάτων επίis �ηµίας, ηofκατα��λή urban gentrification) indicated area Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” a city area, the removal fromείτε this,µέσω (in various �ηµίωσης κ.ά. είτε of µέσω δι�ικητικής πρ�σ�υγής, άλλης 2 of Sociology as well), as the “refining” ofπερίπτωση a city area, the fromthere this, (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually ofκατά low-income andσύνν�µης theremoval placement πρ��λεπ�µένης ρύθµισης. ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, However this “change”, regardless of δ. Aρ�ή τ�υ δηµ�σί�υetc. συµ�έρ�ντ�ς the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof H ένν�ια τ�υhas, δηµ�σί�υ σειρά whatever otherspeculation). consequences results συµ�έρ�ντ�ς also rising of απαντάται land pricesσε (and the potential relative άρθρων τ�υ ισ�ύ�ντ�ς Συντάγµατ�ς 1975/1986/2001, �πως αυτ� potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to έ�ειtrend αναθεωρηθεί τ� της 27ης Mαΐ�υ 2008 της of H’ The term gentrification foundµεatpeople firstΨή�ισµα in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refers to the then observed ofiswealthy to buy property in poor Aναθεωρητικής B�υλής των Eλλήνων: 1, 103, 106 κ.ά. the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas of London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes thereτ�υ and«εθνικ�ύ», thus old residents are H ένν�ια «διαστέλλεται» σε εκείνες «κ�ινωνιbeing indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”. κ�ύ», «γενικ�ύ», «τ�υ ∆ηµ�σί�υ» (ανα�ερ�µέν�υ στα συµ�έρ�A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth A description ofperiod, thisεν phenomenon isKράτ�υς), included in the∆ηµ�σιας work of Sociologist Ruth ντα τ�υ στενή «της Yπηρεσίας», της GLASS at the same whileενν�ία similar situations were recorded in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major διαστ�λής by αυτής cities in Western countries, otherεπι�ειρ�υµένης Researchers. διά της ν�µ�θετικής �δ�ύ και cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Since then, the issue has several απ�σκ�π�ύσης στην Researchers. πρ�στασία τ�υ. scholars and for its more Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for various itsπηγάmore comprehensive approach are being summarized below, the Aρθρ� 1 τ�υ ισ�ύ�ντ�ς Συντάγµατ�ς: �λεςfrom �ι ε��υσίες comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of��υν the phenomenon gentrification, following: απ� τ�ν Λα�,ofυπάρ��υν υπέρthe Aυτ�ύ και τ�υ Έθν�υς και interpretations the phenomenon of thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is due togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups ασκ�ύνται �πως �ρί�ει τ� Σύνταγµα. to “return” to the city, leaving theOι purlieus for several reasons: high costs money Άρθρ� 103: ∆ηµ�σι�ι Yπάλληλ�ι, εκτελεστές τηςinθέλησης and time to travelτ�υ from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the Kράτ�υς, υπηρετ�ύν τ�ν Λα�. termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter sense1.ofThe safety theΆρθρ� distributed residencies outside town centres, 106: T� Kράτ�ς, για την εδραίωση της κ�ινωνικήςborn ειρή-in Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) νης και πρ�στασία τ�υ γενικ�ύand συµ�έρ�ντ�ς, πρ�γραµµατί�ει Youth Unemployment. Theτην same year she left Germany after continuous movements for lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private easier access to markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car New York she cameστην back to London, καιin συντ�νί�ει την �ικ�ν�µική δραστηρι�τητα Xώρα, επιδιώin According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research. Her public action and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by aA. passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. 2 Bλ. και MAPKANTΩNATOY-ΣKAΛTΣA: ∆ι�ικητικ� ∆ίκαι�: 2. Βλ. Κωνστ. ΓΕ. ΑΘΑΝΑΣΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ: Δίκαιο, and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for the depreciation initially of partΔιοικητικό of the urban web, Eιin 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Co Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: σαγωγή, θεµελιώδεις ένν�ιες. Aθήνα, 2004, σ. 161 επ�µ. Αθήνα, 2014, σ. 237 G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually 2521 711 237 233
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS
κ�ν να ε�ασ�αλίσει την �ικ�ν�µική ανάπτυ�η �λων των τ�µέων Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, της εθνικής �ικ�ν�µίας.3 By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect H ένν�ια «δηµ�σι� συµ�έρ�ν» υπ� έπ�ψη Student ν�µική»ofδεν theέ�ει School of Architecture �ρι�θετηθεί σα�ώς, �πως απ�δεικνύεται απ� την πρ�ηγηθείσα Technical University of Crete ανα��ρά, αλλά � περί αυτήν έλεγ��ς τ�υ Σ.τ.E. θεωρείται δεδ�µέDefining τ�υ, the concept ν�ς,1. ωςIntroductory πρ�κύπτει εκapproach: σειράς απ��άσεών (π.�. 1682/2002 κ.ά.). 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept Παρα ταύτα, η ∆ηµ�σια ∆ι�ίκηση εν γένει και τα �ργανά ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BCτης - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise he των left us, he established a«πρ�αgreat the είναι αναγκαί� κατά heritage τηνthe άσκηση καθηκ�ντων των να among other wise heritage leftthe us, heκύκλ�υ established a great “principle”: acquisition knowledge startshe with definition of�ε�αίως the content concepts. the σπί��υν» τ�of δηµ�σι� συµ�έρ�ν, εντ�ς τ�υ της of acquisition of knowledge starts with κατά theindefinition the content of concepts. Based, ν�µ�θεσίας, therefore, onε�ειδικεύ�ντα this “principle” aπερίπτωση first, if of not approach, the term ισ�ύ�υσας τ�final, εύρ�ς, 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term 4 (andυ�ή urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification την έκταση και την «τ�υ περιε��µέν�υ» τ�υ. 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ε. H αρ�ή πρ�στασίας των ∆ι�ικ�υµένων Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement Mε δεδ�µένα τα διαλαµ�αν�µενα στ� άρθρ� 1 τ�υ ισ�ύ�ντ�ς ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of Συντάγµατ�ς: «�λες �ι ε��υσίες πηγά��υν απ� τ�ν Λα�, υπάρthe operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof ��υν υπέρ relative Aυτ�ύ τ�υ Έθν�υς has, και ασκ�ύνται, �πως �ρί�ει τ� prices (and the whatever otherκαι consequences results also rising of land potential speculation). Σύνταγµα», ηgentrification ∆ηµ�σια ∆ι�ίκηση ενatγένει και καθ’ έκαστ�ν potential relative speculation). The term is found first in theταUK in early 1960s and it refers to �ργανά είναι επι�ε�ληµέν�, εν at τωpeople κύκλω µέρ�υς The της term gentrification found first in the UKεπί in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy toτων buy property in poor the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas ασκ�υµένων υπ’ αυτών αρµ�δι�τήτων, να µεριµν�ύν για την σύνLondon, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there andτων thus old residents are ν�µη ε�υπηρέτηση των Π�λιτών και την αναγκαία πρ�στασία being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”. κατ’ ιδίαν δικαιωµάτων τ�υς, ενν�µων συµ�ερ�ντων κ.ά. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth ofperiod, thisδεν phenomenon is included the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth HA ωςdescription άνω πρ�σέγγιση απ�τρέπει, �ε�αίως, τηνin ενδε��µενη GLASS at the same while similar situations were in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major λήψη δυσµενών σε �άρ�ς των Π�λιτών, �ταν τ�ύτ� πρ�citiesµέτρων in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities inυπ� Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. �λέπεται τωνthe εκάστ�τε ισ�υ�υσών ρυθµίσεων ή επι�άλλεται Since then, issue has several scholars and for its more Since then, the issue π.�. has preoccupied several scholars andthe for various its more εκ των πραγµάτων, �πως περιπτώσεις απαλλ�τρίωσης comprehensive approach areσε being summarized below, from comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various ατ�µικής ιδι�κτησίας, κατά τα �ρι��µενα υπ� τ�υ ισ�ύ�ντ�ς interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new category of social groups Συντάγµατ�ς. to “return” to the theτης purlieus forδι�ίκησης several reasons: high costs in money Σηµειώνεται, �τιcity, «τ�leaving πνεύµα» �ρηστής πρέπει να and time travelτης from the purlieus to downtown, where place is, lack of the διέπει την to δράση εν γένει ∆ηµ�σιας ∆ι�ίκησης και τωνwork �ργάtermat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for 3. Bλ. Unemployment. Kωνστ. ΓE. AΘANAΣOΠOYΛOΣ: Θεσµικ� Πλαίσι� Περι�ερειlower living cost of, “withdrawal” private car easier access to markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, London and New York she came back to London, ακής Aνάπτυ�ης. T�µ. A’. NέαPrague, έκδ.from Aθήναι, 2007, σ. ? επ�µ. B. ∆. in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and ∆EΛHΘEOY: Θεσµικ� Πλαίσι� Περι�ερειακής Aνάπτυ�ης και OργάνωUniversity College of London, where she continued her social research. Her public action and long-term informal effort byMέρ�ς organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying σης τηςwork ∆ι�ίκησης τ�υ Kράτ�υς. ?. Aθήναι, ????, ? επ�µ. her are characterized by a passion for justice. Seeσ.also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling real estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part Eιof the urban web, in και A. MAPKANTΩNATOY-ΣKAΛTΣA: ∆ι�ικητικ� ∆ίκαι�: 4. Bλ. Βλ. Κωνστ. ΓΕ. ΑΘΑΝΑΣΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ: Διοικητικό Δίκαιο, 10th edit. Wil. COLLINS SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: Abstract. wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety ofσ.ways, in order to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually σαγωγή, Θεµελιώδεις ένν�ιες. Aθήνα, 2004, http://www.uncanny.net/ σ. 164 επ�µ. Αθήνα, 2014, 238
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Student of the School of Architecture Technical University of Crete
1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept 1. Introductory approach: the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term (or gentrification (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well),νων as the of a city area, the πλέ�ν removal from this, µετα�ρά�ε(in various της,“refining” απ� τ�υ πρώτ�υ έως τ�υ κατωτέρ�υ, Sociology as well), the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, of (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement artists, ταιasδε σε ακρι�ή τήρηση πρ�θεσµιών, «ε�αρµ�γή» δια��ρων ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries,�πως restaurants, However “change”, regardless of «αρ�ών», π.�. τηςetc. αρ�ής της this αµερ�ληψίας, της ισ�τητας the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the (πρ��λεπ�µένης υπ� τ�υ Συντάγµατ�ς), της πρ�τέρας ακρ�ασης whatever otherτ�υ consequences has, results also rising of land (and the potential relative speculation). ∆ι�ικ�ύµεν�υ (πρ��λεπ�µένης ευθέως υπ� prices τ�υ άρθρ�υ 20 potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to τ�υ ισ�ύ�ντ�ς Συντάγµατ�ς), της αναλ�γικ�τητας κ.ά. The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refers the then observed trend ofiswealthy toενbuy property in ofto Eνδεικτικώς ανα�έρεται πρ�κειµένω «η poor επιταγή» τ�υ the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas London, upgradeισ�ύ�ντ�ς them, stay Συντάγµατ�ς themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof (άρθρ� 42) πρ�ς τ�ν Πρ�εδρ� της ∆ηµ�London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. κρατίας να εκδίδει και να δηµ�σιεύει τ�υς ν�µ�υς, �ι �π�ί�ι έ��υν being indirectly “squeezed”. A description ψη�ισθεί of this phenomenon is included the work of Sociologist Ruth υπ� της B�υλής, εντ�ςinτακτής πρ�θεσµίας µην�ς απ� A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major την ψή�ισή τ�υς, η πρ��λεπ�µένη εγγύηση τ�υ Kράτ�υς (άρθρ� GLASS at the same period, while situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, othersimilar Researchers. 25) για ταby δικαιώµατα τ�υ Aνθρώπ�υ ως Aτ�µ�υ και ως Mέλ�υς cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then, the has scholars and for itsτ�υ more τ�υissue κ�ινωνικ�ύ συν�λ�υ καιseveral για την ε�αρµ�γή της αρ�ής K�ιSince then, νωνικ�ύ the issueKράτ�υς has several scholars and for its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized below, from the various ∆ικαί�υ: �λα τα Kρατικά �ργανα υπ��ρε�ύcomprehensive approach are being summarized from the various interpretations ofνται the phenomenon of gentrification, thebelow, following: να διασ�αλί��υν την ανεµπ�διστη και απ�τελεσµατική άσκηinterpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: In a sense, the σή phenomenon is dueείδ�υς to a trend of a new �ι category social groups τ�υς, ... �ι κάθε περι�ρισµ�ί, �π�ί�ι of µπ�ρ�ύν να επιto “return” to the�ληθ�ύν city, leaving the purlieus forπρ��λέπωνται several reasons: high in money σε αυτά πρέπει να είτε απ’costs ευθείας απ� τ� and time to travelΣύνταγµα, from the purlieus downtown, work place is, υπέρ lack of the είτε απ�to ν�µ�, ε�’ �σ�νwhere υπάρ�ει επι�ύλα�η αυτ�ύ termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth GLASS was born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, search for better και να σέ�ωνται την αρ�ή της αναλ�γικ�τητας, (της τελευταίας Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) µετα�ρα��µένης ανάγκη ύπαρ�ης λ�γικής σ�έYouth Unemployment. The same year στην she left Germany and afterπρ��αν�ύς continuous movements for lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car access markets, etc.where σης µετα�ύ Prague, συγκεκριµµένης ∆ι�ικητικ�ύ και studies and research in Geneva, London and ενέργειας Neweasier York she came to back to�ργάν�υ London, 5 in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to επιδιωκ�µέν�υ another approach, the is due a systematic and σκ�π�ύ) κ.ά. University College of London, where she continued her social research. Her public action and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order toPAΪKOΣ: achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually 5. Bλ. και Abstract. A. Θεµελιώδη ∆ικαιώµατα. Aθήναι, 2002, σ. 203. 2521 911
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Διεθνείς Χρηματοπιστωτικές Αγορές GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, και Οίκοι Αξιολόγησης Definition, Types of intervention, Concerns of Gentrification Concerns Του κ. Ναπ. ΜΑΡΑΒΕΓΙΑ
Καθηγητού Ευρωπαϊκής Ολοκλήρωσης, Αντιπρύτανη του Εθνικού και Καποδιστριακού By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University, GraduateΠανεπιστημίου School of Design,Αθηνών Student,
By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Student of the School of Architecture Καθώς η χώρα μας προχωρά προς την έξοδο από το τρίτο Μνημόνιο Technical University of Crete Αύγουστο του τρέχοντος έτους, η σημασία των διεθνών
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τον χρηματοπιστωτικών αγορών και των Οίκων Αξιολόγησης γίνεται και πάλι 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept κρίσιμη. Η προσπάθεια της ελληνικής οικονομίας να σταθεί στα πόδια της 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC - 370 BC, Athens), μετά από οκτώ χρόνια μνημονίων, θα συνοδευθεί βεβαίως από ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the ενισχυμένη της ΕΕhe πάνω στην εφαρμοσμένη εθνική οικονομική among other wise heritage leftthe us, he established a great the acquisition ofεποπτεία knowledge starts with definition of the content of“principle”: concepts. acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content of concepts. πολιτική, όπως προβλέπεται γιαtheόλες τις ifυπερχρεωμένες χώρες της Based, therefore, on this “principle” indefinition a first, not final, approach, the term 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term Ευρωζώνης. gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Πέρα όμως από την ofΕυρωπαϊκή και Sociology as well), as the “refining” a city area, theΕποπτεία, removal fromεποπτικό this, (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, of (in various ways), of social groups, usually ofρόλο low-income andthe theremoval placement artists, ενδεχομένως τιμωρητικό αναλαμβάνουν και οι διεθνείς ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However thisαπό “change”, regardless of χρηματοπιστωτικές αγορές καθοδηγούμενες τους Οίκους the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the Αξιολόγησης της πιστοληπτικής ικανότητας των διαφόρων χωρών. Αυτή ηof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential εποπτείαrelative των διεθνών χρηματοπιστωτικών αγορών συνδέεται άμεσα με potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at οικονομίας first in the UK in early and it refers to την The βαθμολογία της ελληνικής από τους1960s διεθνείς Οίκους term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor Αξιολόγησης. the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old residents areof Κάθε παρεκτροπή από τη δημοσιονομική ισορροπία και την London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. παραγωγή πρωτογενών πλεονασμάτων, που έχουν συμφωνηθεί (3,5% being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth του AΑΕΠ μέχρι το 2022 και 2% στη συνέχεια), οδηγεί description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere theθα work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar recorded inτου otherΟίκους major Αξιολόγησης να υποβαθμίζουν την πιστοληπτική ικανότητα της χώρας GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. μας και συνεπώς οι διεθνείς χρηματοπιστωτικές αγορές Since then, the issue has several scholars andθαforαπαιτούν its more Since then, the issue has preoccupied several below, scholars andthe for various its more υψηλότερα επιτόκια για να δανείσουν την ελληνική οικονομία. comprehensive approach are being summarized from comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various Βέβαια, αν η ελληνική δημοσιονομική και γενικότερα η οικονομική interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: In a sense, the phenomenon is dueψηφοθηρικούς to a trend of a new category of social groups πολιτική κρατηθεί μακριά από πειρασμούς, οι ανάγκες to “return” toτης theχώρας city, leaving the purlieus several reasons: in money δανεισμού μας δεν θα είναιfor μεγάλες. Ωστόσο,high μιαcosts υποβάθμιση and to travel fromικανότητας the purlieusτης to downtown, where is, lackοίκους of the της time πιστοληπτικής χώρας μας απόwork τουςplace διεθνείς 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, αξιολόγησης θα προκαλεί μεγάλο αντίκτυπο, καθώς οι οίκοι αυτοί έχουν Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) αναδειχθεί διεθνείς The «χωροφύλακες» δημοσιονομικής και γενικότερα Youth Unemployment. same year she leftτης Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back to London, οικονομικής ορθοδοξίας σε παγκόσμιο επίπεδο. in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and ΕίναιCollege γεγονός ότι where οι she χρηματοπιστωτικές αγορές και οιaction Οίκοι University of London, continued her social research. Her public and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by a passion See also: COLLINSτης ENGLISH DICTIONARY. πιστοληπτικής αξιολόγησης, ταfor justice. τελευταία χρόνια κρίσης στην and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: αποκτήσει τεράστια η Ευρωπαϊκή Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm aΕυρώπη, variety ofέχουν ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the σημασία, “assisted”,καθώς “voluntary”, (actually
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, Types of Concerns ofμπορεί Gentrification Κεντρική Τράπεζα (ΕΚΤ) δεν απόintervention, το καταστατικό της να λειτουργεί ως δανειστής τελευταίας ευκαιρίας. Μ’ άλλα λόγια η ΕΚΤ, Concerns «κατ’ εικόνα και ομοίωση» της πάλαι ποτέ Γερμανικής Ομοσπονδιακής
Τράπεζας, δεν μπορεί να δανείζει τα Κράτη, να αγοράζει δηλαδή κρατικά ομόλογα, όταν το επιτόκιό τους By ξεπεράσει ένα όριο που επιβάλλουν οι Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS διεθνείς χρηματοπιστωτικές αγορές. Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, By Mr. George-Sp. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Εξάλλου, σ’ αυτήν την κατάσταση βρέθηκε η C. ελληνική οικονομία το Student of the School of Architecture 2009-2010, όταν τα επιτόκια δανεισμού, (εξαιτίας της υπερχρέωσης της Technical University of Crete χώρας μας και της συρρίκνωσης της διεθνούς ρευστότητας, λόγω της διεθνούς κρίσης του 2007-2008), αυξήθηκαν σε μη βιώσιμα επίπεδα. Την 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept κρίσιμη εκείνη ώρα θα μπορούσε η Χώρα μας να για ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, απευθυνθεί (444 BC - 370στην BC, ΕΚΤ, Athens), να πωλήσει τα ομόλογά της με λογικά επιτόκια, αν η Ευρωπαϊκή Κεντρική ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the Τράπεζα μπορούσε να τα αγοράσει. among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. the acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition of the content of concepts. Τέτοια δυνατότητα δεν υπήρχε και, ifσυνεπώς, ο μόνος τρόπος Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, not final, approach, the term 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the δανεισμού ήταν η δημιουργία ενός προσωρινού Ευρωπαϊκού Ταμείου (or gentrification (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning)term 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city the removal from this, various Χρηματοπιστωτικής Σταθερότητας για area, να δανειστεί η Χώρα μας,(inπράγμα Sociology as well), as the “refining” of aτους city area, fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of από low-income andthe theremoval placement που έγινε, αλλά συνοδεύτηκε γνωστούς περιοριστικούς όρους ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the of artπρώτου galleries,Μνημονίου, restaurants, etc. this “change”, of τουoperation περίφημου πουHowever εν πολλοίς επέβαλε regardless το Διεθνές the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the Νομισματικό Ταμείο για πρώτη φορά σε ευρωπαϊκή χώρα. whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative Από τότε και μέχρι σήμερα το μεγάλο ζητούμενο είναι, όχι να potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is foundτης at first in the UK early 1960s and it refers to τροποποιηθεί το Καταστατικό ΕΚΤ, ναinin μπορεί να χρηματοδοτεί The term gentrification found atpeople first inώστε the UK early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor με νομισματικά μέσα τα δημοσιονομικά ελλείμματα (πράγμα απαράδεκτο the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof για τη νομισματική καθώς θεωρείται αιτία πληθωρισμού), London, upgrade them,ορθοδοξία, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. αλλά να εκδίδονται ευρωομόλογα, ώστε να μοιράζεται, μεταξύ Ruth των being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist οικονομικά ισχυρών και των οικονομικά λιγότερο ισχυρών ευρωπαϊκών A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major χωρών, ο κίνδυνος και by έτσι να Researchers. αγοράζονται τα ομόλογα αυτά από τις cities in Western countries, other cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. διεθνείς χρηματοπιστωτικές αγορές με λογικά Μέχρι Since then, the issue has severalεπιτόκια. scholars and forστιγμής its more, issue has several below, scholars andthe for various its more αυτόSince δεν then, έχει the γίνει εφικτό, καθώςsummarized αντιδρούν οι ισχυρές χώρες του comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being from comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: Ευρωπαϊκού Βορρά με πρώτη τη Γερμανία, (έστω και αν η πιθανότητα interpretations of the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of aαρνούμενες new of social groups αύξησης τουthe πληθωρισμού είναι ασήμαντη), να μοιραστούν to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus several reasons: την αναμενόμενη αύξηση του κόστουςfor δανεισμού τους. high costs in money and time to travel the purlieus to downtown, where work place of the Έτσι, όταν from η Χώρα μας χρειασθεί και πάλι δανεισμό από is, τιςlack διεθνείς 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, χρηματοπιστωτικές αγορές μετάIn το του Μνημονίου, να Berlin, where she made her first studies. 1932τέλος she published an important πρέπει study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements κρατηθεί σε απόλυτη δημοσιονομική ισορροπία, πράγμα που θα τηνfor lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, αναγκάσει να συνεχίσει ναregarding εφαρμόζει περιοριστική οικονομική πολιτική, in According 1943 she published studies cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and όχι μόνο λόγω της ευρωπαϊκής εποπτείας, αλλά και λόγω του φόβου της University College of London, where she continued her social research. Her public action and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by aδανεισμού passion for justice. also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. αύξησης των επιτοκίων από See τις διεθνείς χρηματοπιστωτικές and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm aαγορές. variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually
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Combating unemployment: GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, A simulation of policy implementation within a Definition, Types of intervention, Concerns of Gentrification postgraduate lesson1 Concerns
Andreas N. Lytras Professor of the Department of Sociology By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS at Panteion University of Social and Political Sciences (Athens-Greece)
Abstract
Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Student of the School of Architecture Technical University of Crete
This article regards the organization a research-focused 1. Introductory approach: postgraduate lesson. TheDefining subjectthe ofconcept the lesson is on employment 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, ancient Greek philosopher, structure and the unemployment. The research examines the ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -known 370 BC,models Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a most great “principle”: the characteristics and the effectiveness either of the among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. either new innovative proposals for combating unemployment. acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition of the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if not final, approach, the term Theoretical modelson from the past mainapproach, aim the 1 (and Based, therefore, “principle” inindicated a have first, if as notthe final, the full term urbanthis gentrification) is (in area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 employment. The newer models regard the restrictions of the fiscal gentrification (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various policy, but the reduction of unemployment or the aim of full Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, employment minor meaning. After crisis ofthis 2007-8 there was an the operation ofhas art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless explosiveother increase of unemployment in some countries, while they have whatever consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof whatever otherspeculation). consequences results alsofor rising land prices (and the potential relative not the capability of using thehas, proper tools the of effective combating potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to unemployment. A new proposal has been presented for combating The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor unemployment recently. The innovative interference regards both the the then observed trend of wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves and thus old residents areof method of the funding the procedure and the type of employment of the London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. unemployed people. During the research implementation, the students being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth haveA used the empirical data,similar andiselaborated comparatively, withmajor the description ofperiod, this phenomenon included inwere the work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while situations recorded in other GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major tools of the different theoretical models, on the target of full cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied othercountries. Researchers. employment the selected The scholars results and show the Since then, for the issue has several forthat its more Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various serious social issue could, definitely, be eliminated and there are the comprehensive approach are being summarized from of thecrucial various interpretations the phenomenon of gentrification, thebelow, following: people who of have the scientific skills for the resolution interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: In a sense, phenomenon is due to a trend of a new category of social groups problems of the employment. to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the Key Words: collaboration of private and public sector, termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, whereunemployment, she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: combating comparative analysis, research-lesson, services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research. Her public action and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. 1 Acknowledgment: I for would to thank the analysts ofofthe research, namely Eleni and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., theCo depreciation initially part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: Delikanidi, Anastasia Georgakopoulou, Agni Hantzi, Olga Karali, Spiros Keramas, G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually
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Sebastian-Alexandros Kizito, Eleni Papadopoulou, Elias Papapoulios, and Sebastian Voda. 2521 11
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The subjectGENTRIFICATION of the article Definition, Types of Intervention, This elaboration has as a subject the organization of a Definition, Types Concerns of Gentrification postgraduate lesson on research basis.of Theintervention, content of the lesson has been focused on the resolution of the crucial problem of Concerns unemployment. The aim of the teaching approach was the proper
preparation of students for tackling the unemployment rate, using an Mr. George-Sp. ATHANASOPOULOS effective method from the pool By either of the wellC.known suggestions Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, either of the innovative models for combating unemployment. This By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect approach gives the opportunity for the academic study of Student of the School of Architecture the theoretical debate, while calls the students toTechnical have theUniversity experience of of Crete practical test of the consequences of implementation (under 1. Introductory approach: of Defining the concept hypothetical conditions) the different models. The design of the 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, lesson gives to the students the pathway to, strongly, understanding the ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wisethe heritage he left us,the he established a great the structure and operation of labor market, along with the among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. preconditions and the limitations fordefinition employability. Duringofthe research acquisition of knowledge starts with the the content concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if of not final, approach, the term implementation, the students haveisinindicated used datathe from 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, the if (in notstatistical final, approach, term gentrification) the area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 international organizations, and elaborated comparatively, with the gentrification (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various tools of the different models, the target of full employment for the Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), ofcountries. social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement of artists, selected Their obligation, as aHowever working team, wasthere to deliver a the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever consequences results rising According of land prices (and theof collectiveother volume, which has has, the form ofalso a report. to my view whatever otherhas consequences has, results The also team rising working of land prices (and the potential relative speculation). the procedure achieved its targets. produced a potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to quasi-research group, very well, theoretically and empirically, informed The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy totobuy property in poor on the field of employment, and capable make the diagnosis of the the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof problem of unemployment for each modern country, while it could London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. manage the design of alternative models (with the empirical being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth dimensions) the effective unemployment. After the above A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the for same whilecombating similar in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major experience, they could or work immediately on the treating cities in Western countries, byeven otherwould Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then, the issuemaybe has several scholars and for its more this serious issue and on any relevant too. Since then, the issue has several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized from comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon gentrification, the following: Unemployment during of crisis interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: In a sense, the phenomenon is duea to a trend of a new after category social groups Unemployment has had heavy increase theofexplosion of to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money crisis (2007-8). The relative rate has had an enormous upward moving and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the for 1.several (about five) in the countries with serious fiscal termyears from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS wasbetter born in sense ofThe safety atcomes the distributed residencies outside town centres, for Berlin, where(between she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: problems them are the following countries: Greece, Italy, services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for Portugal, andof, in Spain). Some of andthem the lower living cost “withdrawal” from private car access to markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London Neweasier Yorkhave she cameconfronted back to London, in According 1943 she published regarding city planning. 1950 she teacher and in the implementation ofstudies memoranda of fiscal In policy (e.g. Greece to another approach, the phenomenon is due tobecame a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research. Her public action and long-term informal organizedatgroups, manufacturers, brokers duration of buying Portugal) and theeffort rate by remained very high point for longer her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling real estate, etc., for theCo depreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit.1). Wil. COLLINS SONS AND Ltd. London WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: (Graph Spain has not the torture of a2009. memorandum of fiscal policy, Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: Abstract. http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm abut variety of ways, in order to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually its unemployment rate is relevant to the Greek rate (Lytras, 2017).
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The orbit of GENTRIFICATION the crisis has been of remarked by some special events Definition, Types Intervention, on the policy for combating unemployment. In USA and Japan the Types of intervention, Concerns ofunemployment Gentrification answerDefinition, to the pressure of the was the increase of the public funding of economy (Lytras, ibid) via the impressive increase of Concerns their already large public debt (in Japan the enormous debt is now even
larger). This move has undoubtedly contributed to a very significant Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS reduction in unemployment andBy then to its tolerable restraint for the Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, two societies. In European Union and especially in Euro-zone theStudent, choice By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect was the stability of the single currency and, therefore, the austerity. The Student of the School of Architecture difference of the impacts of both policies is obvious. Technical University of Crete
14
1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept 1. Introductory approach: the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term (or gentrification (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth Graph1Source: ILO, ILOSTAT Unemployment A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of(www.ilo.org). Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while(Database), similar in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more Since then, the issue has preoccupied scholars andthe forfor its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from various The aforementioned differences several put the restrictions the comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: future policyofespecially in Europe under the conditions of single interpretations of the phenomenon of thecategory following: In a sense, theinvention phenomenon is due togentrification, a trendpolicy of a new of social groups currency. The of an alternative is an absolute necessity. to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the The background and choices forsearch combating termat comes from Sociologist Ruth new GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth GLASS wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, for Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: unemployment services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for Theresearch necessity to control the growth of unemployment and the lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, in According 1943 she of published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In of 1950 sheto became teacher in the reduction the relevant rate, after the crisis has created to another approach, the is 1929-30, due a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research. Her public action and long-term informalofeffort by organized“therapy”. groups, manufacturers, brokersmodel of buying the motivation the Keynesian The well known is her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling real estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. COLLINS SONS AND Ltd. LondonThe 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The based onWil. enhanced aggregate demand. prerequisite ofFree theEncyclopedia: method G. ALEXANDRI: Abstract. wetzel/gentry.htm aisGentrification: variety of ways, in orderwith to achieve “assisted”,of“voluntary”, (actually the state interference, all http://www.uncanny.net/ thethe instruments fiscal and monetary
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
policy, in economy [Keynes 2007 (1936)]. The target is the restoration of market arrhythmias, after the strong public funding of economy. The Keynesian model has achieved its target in the USA, during 1930’s. The state has increased the public expenses and the rate of unemployment has been reduced (Baran, Sweezy, 1968, 146, 232-233) to a tolerable percentage. By Mr. ATHANASOPOULOS In Europe, during the after warGeorge-Sp. period, a C. similar to Keynesian Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, model, which has been invented basically by W. Beveridge (1942a; By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect 1942b), has been implemented. The state’s interference has the form of Student of the School of Architecture a wide net of social protection and supporting (e.g. national Technical Universityhealth of Crete system, social security system, public education system, many benefits 1. Introductory approach: Defining thepoor concept policies for the unemployed and the people). The W. Beveridge’s 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, model is accompanied by the aim of full employment (Beveridge, 1944, ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wisehas heritage us, he established a great the 10-12), which beenhealeft reality for at least two decades. The among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. intervention the statestarts in this of policy has as aofprerequisite acquisition of of knowledge withmethod theindefinition the content concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term the Based, establishment ofonlarge public structures, with their necessary 1 (and urban therefore, this “principle” inindicated a first, along if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) is area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 personnel. The heavy cost of these structures is paid by the tax system, gentrification (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various which is a significant economic burden of modern citizens (Galbraith, Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement of artists, 1993, 182-183). the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”,there regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences results alsoeconomic rising of land prices (and theof The supporters of thehas, neoclassical approach and the whatever other consequences has,posed resultsnegative also rising of land prices (andthe the potential relative speculation). neoliberal political parties have arguments against potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to prerequisites of both the aforementioned models, during the period of The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor fatigue (Hayek 2009; 2011;wealthy Friedman 2002). According tointhe new andof the then observed trend people to there buy property poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes and thus old residents are prevailed theoretical and political trend, the tackling of unemployment London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. follows the general on competition, with the enhancement the being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of thislogic phenomenon is included in the work of SociologistofRuth competitiveness of labor. The supporters of neoliberals’ approach have A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major GLASS at the same period, were recorded other major the estimation that thebywhile increase ofsituations wage-earners' levelsinwould be cities in Western countries, othersimilar Researchers. cities in Western countries, byof other Researchers. Since then, issue has preoccupied several scholars and its more formed by thethe extension entrepreneurship. The aim forforextensive Since the issue has severalsupporting scholars and forbenefits its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized below, from the various social cutsthen, reduces the grants for employment’s and comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon the following: of the poor people. The "loweroforgentrification, basic guaranteed income", with the interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: In a“negative sense, the phenomenon due to aistrend a new category of social form income tax”is (NIT), the ofalternative scheme of groups social to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money policy, which would replace all the previous benefits (Friedman, ibid, and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the 192-195). 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, where she made her studies. In 1932 she of published an important study entitled: The proposal of first “state as employer last resort” (ELR) [Minsky, services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for 2008 (1986)] the belief thatand thecar state employ the major lower living costexpresses of, in “withdrawal” from private easier access to markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London New Yorkcould she came back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 she in the part of the unemployed persons, during the difficult periods ofteacher high rate to another approach, the is due tobecame a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research. Her public action and long-term informal effort organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying ofherunemployment. The by wage of the new employees in public institutions work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate,the etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: is10th the same with regular basic salary. Minsky suggests the public Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: Abstract. http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm afunding variety of of the ways, in order to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually relevant programs, either with the supply of additional 252115 11
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
16
currency mass in the system either with the issuing new public bonds. The state must have full sovereignty in the control of monetary and fiscal policy. In H.P. Minsky’s approach, the required currency mass is a small percentage of GDP. This model of policy has been used in Argentina the period of crisis and achieved the restoration of the rate of unemployment to tolerable levels (Tcherneva 2012, 6-12). By Mr. George-Sp. ATHANASOPOULOS The “workfare” (welfare-to-work) policy C.has been politically Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, supported by the B. Clinton’s administration and has the dynamic for By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect the revision of the welfare state. This method of social supporting is Student of the School of Architecture partly based on M. Friedman’s idea for the “negative income tax”of and Technical University Crete definitely imposes obligations for the beneficiaries to deliver cheap 1. Introductory Defining the concept wage labor as a approach: rather counterweight for their benefits. The relevant 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, law [Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other 1996] wise heritage left us, he established a support great the (PRWORA), and thehenew program of social [Temporary among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. Assistance forknowledge Needy Families (TANF)] (Patterson 2012) is synthesis acquisition of starts with theindefinition the content of aconcepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term of aBased, general program of the new practical framework 1 social therefore, on this “principle” inindicated a age first,and if (in notathe final, approach, the term (and urban gentrification) is area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 for combating unemployment (Béland, Vergniolle de Chantal, Waddan gentrification (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various 2002, 25). The analogous to the “workfare” (welfare-to-work) policy Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and placement artists, has been implemented inrestaurants, United Kingdom too.thethis The generalthere planofwas a the operation of art galleries, etc. However “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other interferences consequences has, results also rising land prices (andThis theof set of smaller for various groups ofofthe population. whatever consequences has,had results rising of land (andthe the potential relative speculation). scheme ofother policy actions has a also contribution in prices tackling potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to problems of unemployment of younger age categories of the population The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor through flexible forms of work. The dissemination, then in after, ofareas part-of the then observed trend wealthy people to there buy property poor London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes and thus old residents are time employment is absolutely clear (Van Reenen 2004; Zaidi 2009). London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. A new proposal has presented by A.N. Lytras 2017a) in being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work (2016; of Sociologist Ruth two different texts. The very meaning of the proposition (Reconciliation A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major at the same period, while similar situations recorded in other ofGLASS the Holders of Stock andwere New Activation in major the cities in Western countries, bywith otherEmployment Researchers. cities in Western countries, byis other Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and forwhich its more Regions-Re.Ho.St.E.N.A.R) the Researchers. formation a future network, is Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various similar to a big and regular private enterprise, in the regions of a comprehensivethe approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations phenomenon of gentrification, thetwo following: modern state,ofwith public supporting. There are major innovations. interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: In athe sense, the phenomenon is due totheir a trend of a newincategory of social groups First, stock holders do not risk capitals a personal economic to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money adventure, but they invest their capitals to a common deposit for a year and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the time1.ofThe insafety commercial They would receive a valuable (and term from banks. Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth GLASS for wasbetter born in sense atcomes the distributed residencies outside town centres, search Berlin, where sheprofit made her first studies. Ininterest 1932 she published an important studyof entitled: competitive) (through the rate) and the yields the services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for program. deposits are going to be asshe the guarantee for the lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car access to markets, etc.where studies and The research in Geneva, Prague, London andused, Neweasier York came back to London, in According 1943 she studies regarding city planning. In 1950 she teacher in the issuing of published coupons, which arethe partly composed by deposited to another approach, phenomenon is due tobecame athe systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research. Her public action and long-term informal effort manufacturers, brokers capitals. The other partbyisorganized the valuegroups, of coupon which is going toofbebuying paid her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for the depreciation initially of part they of the urban web,at in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Co Ltd. delivery London 2009. The Free Encyclopedia: by the citizens/consumers for the of WIKIPEDIA: services could buy Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: Abstract. http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm alow variety of ways, in order to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually prices by the beneficiaries of the program. Second, the beneficiaries
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
of the program (from the official pool of the unemployed persons) do not work as wage-earners. They participate as autonomous workers (freelancers or own-account workers). They are going to be paid at the end of each month after the delivery of their personal services to consumers, for a ten months period. In this program the state adds with the equivalent of the withdrawals, each month, but these grants are By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS mostly returnable, because the coupons conclude the relevant taxes and Harvard University, Graduate School of Design,that Student, the contributions to the social security system. It is remarkable the By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect cooperatives and the already own-account workers could cooperate Student of the School of Architecture with the beneficiaries of the program. The local authorities have the Technical University of Crete official responsibility for running the regional programs. This is 1. Introductory approach: of Defining concept but does not require a definitely an expression socialthe solidarity, 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, - 370 BC, Athens), change of the everyday transactional behavior. (444 ThisBC attempt unifies the ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the elements of entrepreneurship, in a way of effective co-operation, when among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. they are divided and ineffective 2016).of the content of concepts. acquisition of knowledge starts with(Lytras the definition
Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban The design of research gentrification gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various During the first informative sessions the students have taken the Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, usually low-income anddesign thethis placement of artists, framework of bibliography ofofthe lesson, the of theirthere team-study the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has,research results also of land prices (and theof and the characteristics of the forrising the full semester. In this whatever other consequences has,data results also(digitals) rising of land (and the potential relative procedure theyspeculation). took analytical files fromprices recognized potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to institutions. The employment and unemployment data which regard The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor France, Germany, Greece, Japan, Italy, Netherlands, Spain, in and Portugal, the then observed trend wealthy people to there buy property poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes and thus old residents areof have as a source the International Labor Organization’s (ILO 2016) London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. Databases and Estimations. The GDP’s (Gross Domestic Product) data being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth haveA description asat the a source the International Monetary Fund’s (IMF ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS same while similar in other2017) major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major Databases. Thecountries, subject by of other the research was the next: The achievement cities in Western Researchers. Western countries, byofpreoccupied other Researchers. Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more ofcities theinfull employment unemployed people, in 2016, using the Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various different theoretical models (for the aforementioned countries). The comprehensivethe approach are being summarized from the various interpretations phenomenon gentrification, thebelow, following: dimensions ofofthe elaboration of were the following: the number of the interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: In a sense, positions the phenomenon is due to a trend newpublic categorystructures of social groups necessary of workers eitherof ain or to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money institutions either in private enterprises, the number of the needed and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the enterprises thedistributed full Sociologist absorption national unemployment, thebetter costin 1.of The termfor from RuthofGLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for was born sense safety atcomes the residencies outside town centres, Berlin, where she made her first(with studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: of the national programs the same cost per worker: 600 USD) for services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for the remuneration of beneficiaries, the operational cost of etc. their lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private car access markets, studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and Neweasier York she came to back to London, where in According 1943 she (200 published regarding city planning. In 1950 she teacher and in the activation USDstudies perapproach, worker), the total budget each country, to another the phenomenon is for due tobecame a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research. Her public action and long-term informal effort(%) by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying its analogy as analogy of GDP and actual public expenses. her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling real estate, etc., for the depreciation initially ofalternative part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. COLLINS SONS AND Ltd. London WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: The students made aCo group study2009. of the theoretical Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: Abstract. http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm amodels varietyand of ways, in order to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually prepared their personal contributions on the national case-
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
studies. The procedure has walked normally the demanding path and at the end the research-group, has made the collective and the personal presentations in the plenum, the two last weeks of the semester. The discussion was very constructive. The elaboration has been concluded, with the delivery of a collective volume, which includes both the cooperative theoretical review and the personal contributions. In my By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS opinion the conclusions are cautious, with critical comments and, Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, therefore, useful for every reader. We expose then some of the main By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect results of their effort. Student of the School of Architecture Technical University of Crete
Findings and results 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept We can point out that the research certifies the adequacy and 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, effectiveness of the most known applied models, even those of the ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wiseInheritage he left us, he established(444 a today, great the rather far past. fact, their non-implementation as if they are among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. not useful, of is knowledge due to thestarts “concern” modernof policy-makers, with their acquisition with theof the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” indefinition a first, if not final, approach, the term analogous results to institutions' opinion, toofdeprive 1 (and urban Based, therefore, onthe this “principle” inindicated aofficial first, if (in not final, approach, theany term gentrification) is the area Planning) (or gentrification 1 potential governmental intervention from, almost, all financial gentrification (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various instruments and technical tools, which are necessary for the Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, of low-income and thethis placement of artists, demonstration ofgalleries, the usually effectiveness of the aforementioned models for the operation of art restaurants, etc. However “change”,there regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof combating unemployment. whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising land prices the potential relative Effective combating unemployment, with of methods that(and have potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to been created in the past, is therefore a perceptible and present reality The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor inthemodern times too. Based on past events, considered that weof then observed trend wealthy people to there buywe property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes and thus old residents are should not adopt the most recent and perhaps more innovative policy London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. proposals with“squeezed”. ease, since the countries question are Ruth not being indirectly A description of this phenomenon is included in theinwork of Sociologist distinguished from very high and uncontrolled unemployment. Since A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major theseincountries can handle the Researchers. tested tools, they can simply use them cities Western countries, by other cities in Western countries, byto other Researchers. Since then, issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more without beingthe submitted institutional or administrative tests and Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various other “expenses” (like the waste of time). Innovative options and comprehensivethe approach are being summarized from the various interpretations phenomenon thebelow, following: proposals areofthe alternative of forgentrification, countries with an “explosive” and interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: In a sense, the phenomenon due to a trend of arate, new category groups uncontrolled increase in theis unemployment while it of is social impossible to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money for them to manage creatively the known means of exercising fiscal and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the policy (e.g. the devaluing theresidencies currency, the 1912-1940. increasing thesearch inflation, andin 1.of The term from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, Ruth GLASS wasbetter born sense safety atcomes the distributed outside town centres, for Berlin, where she of made her first studies. In the 1932cautious she published an important study entitled: the increasing public debt with managing the deficit of services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for the state lower living cost of, etc.). “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies andbudget, research in Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research. Her public action and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually
18
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In fact, the GENTRIFICATION research suggestsof that an effective fight against Definition, Types Intervention, unemployment by the modern state is entirely feasible, with relatively Types of Concerns of Gentrification limited Definition, public financing requirements forintervention, the economy and society (Graph 2). It is evident from the analyses and comparisons that, even in Concerns the most difficult cases, there are satisfactory alternatives, with the
even more limited state expenses for unemployment programs. In these By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS alternatives there are the possibilities for interventions with phases Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, and thus for managing a corresponding fraction or analogy of (annual) By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect public expenses (Graph 3). Student of the School of Architecture Graph 2
Technical University of Crete
1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept 1. Introductory approach: the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term (or gentrification (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first the UK in earlyIntelligence 1960s and it Agency refers to Source: Lytras (ed.) (2017b), 14; IMFin 2017; Central The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor 2017. the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. Graph 3 being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more Since then, the issue has several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized from comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new category of social groups to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, in 1943 she published studies regarding city planning. In 1950 she became teacher in the According to another approach, the phenomenon is due to a systematic and Source: Lytras (ed.) (2017b), 15;continued IMF 2017; Central Intelligence Agency University College of London, where she her social research. Her public action and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying 2017. her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually
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ConclusionsGENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, This article presents the procedure and the results of the Definition, of intervention, Concerns of Gentrification research elaboration ofTypes alternative models for combating unemployment, in selected countries, within a postgraduate lesson. It is Concerns a culmination of the postgraduate course: Social Structure and Work,
within Master’s Program of the Department of Sociology at Panteion Mr.created George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS University (Athens). The attemptByhas collective and individual Harvard University, Graduate School of Student, experiences on one of the most complex issues ofDesign, the modern By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect employment. The effort has enhanced collaboration and team efficiency Student of the School of Architecture in studying and managing important theoreticalTechnical approaches, combined University of Crete with the use of available measurements for employment, 1. Introductory GDP approach: Defining the concept unemployment, and government budgets of the countries, which 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, are under consideration. ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us,ishe established athe great the This collective procedure inspired by(444 intent of linking among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. postgraduate educationstarts and with research and formsthe a useful framework of acquisition of knowledge theindefinition content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term comparative investigations that could be useful for policy making. 1 (and Based, therefore, on this “principle” inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term urban gentrification) is area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 Interestingly, these processes, coming from the policy analysis gentrification (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various framework, have high abstraction requirements. In their reader, Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement of artists, however, they are likely to give theetc. impression of a strongthere moment of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, However “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results to also rising ofonly landon prices (andside theof empiricism. It is, however, problematic highlight the one otherspeculation). consequences has,on results landproject prices (and the potential ofwhatever theserelative aspects. In fact and the also one rising hand,ofthe is an potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to intellectual test of theoretical models, in order to make their proposals The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor and theirobserved components clear during implementation. The purpose of the then trend wealthy people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes and thus old residents areof their further elaboration is to construct a research step, which is used London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residentsin are being indirectly “squeezed”. order to combat unemployment effectively. On the other hand, the being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth empirical management of data, andrecorded quasi-forecasts is A description ofperiod, this phenomenon isprocesses included inwere the work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar situations in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major intended to help the clarity ofResearchers. the practical limits of the theoretical cities in Western countries, by other cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied othertherefore Researchers. Since then,on the issue has several scholars forcost, its more perceptions the issue and to make clearand the the Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various sources of the funds and the capability, for the inclusion of the comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, following: unemployed persons in the employment. Thethe analysis as a whole has interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: a sense, the the phenomenon to a trend ofof a new social notIntarget examinationis due (thoroughly) thecategory causesofof thegroups very to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money serious labor phenomenon and to identify the economic components of and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the the 1.problem. As distributed afrom political analysis in 1912-1940. the context sociological termat comes Sociologist Ruth GLASS, Ruthof GLASS wasbetter born in sense ofThe safety the residencies outside town centres, search for Berlin, where the she made her first studies. In 1932 to she published an important study entitled: approach, whole analysis aims clarify, in a coherent and services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for technically viable way, the process and conditions forto the lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private easier access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car New York she came back toimmediate London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became in the absorption oftothe unemployed persons during the periods ofteacher the very another approach, the is due a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research. Her public action and long-term informal effort by organized large increase of the relative rate. groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually
20
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According toGENTRIFICATION the comments results, in some cases, the Definition, TypesonoftheIntervention, combination of the well-known and workable methods of addressing Definition, Types ofof intervention, Concerns of Gentrification the difficult labor and social issue and the innovative models for combating unemployment can multiply the capacity to prevent Concerns uncontrolled and unpredictable economic phenomena, owing to the
rapid growth of the relevant index and its preservation, albeit temporarily, at high levels. Let usBy Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard the University, Graduate School of Design, explain, with two examples, synergy of both, namely the Student, known By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect forms of government intervention and the proposal for the leverage of Student of the School of Architecture private and public funding: At a time when the unemployment Technical University ofrate Crete moves to tolerable levels (e.g. between five and eight per cent of the 1. Introductory approach:intervention Defining the concept labor force), government is stepped up or curtailed with a 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, target to squeeze the rate to the level of 3% of the labor force. At this ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among wiseprogram heritage he left us,created he established a great the stage, aother parallel is being for vulnerable groups of the among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. working population, such as people who are interested in acquisition of knowledge starts withyoung theindefinition the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term entering laborurban market for the first women suffering from 1 (and Based,the therefore, on this “principle” inindicated atime first,and if (in not final, approach, the term gentrification) is the area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 the market fluctuations and the frequent adventures of unemployment. gentrification (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various With this combination, both the variance of the rate in general and the Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, of low-income and thethis placement there of artists, individual problems ofusually therestaurants, categories ofHowever workers could be addressed. the operation of art galleries, etc. “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other the consequences results also rising of and land uncontrollable prices (and theof During periods of has, unusual, unpredictable whatever otherin consequences also rising prices (and the potential relative speculation). developments the economyhas, andresults employment in of theland same countries, potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to the innovative method for combating unemployment may take on the The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor position of the firsttrend choice,wealthy as in that momentum the public revenues the then observed people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes and thus old residents areof necessarily being decreased. It is more logical, at that moment, to use London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. private funds (with a motivation their profitability) for financing (at being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth leastA description in thesame first programs for ofperiod, this step) phenomenon is situations included in the tackling work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the whileof similar were recorded inthe otherrising major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major unemployment, with less supporting from public spending (the state cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities incannot Western countries, by other Researchers. Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more budget afford the economic burdening). Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, In my view, the whole process has delivered tofrom the students a comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: high level of of understanding about the perception of various forms of interpretations the phenomenon the following: In a sense, theof phenomenon dueof togentrification, a trend of a new social groups feasible policy. In addition,is their experience in category researchof project has to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money contributed to the development of empirical and, in some way, and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the technical skills fordistributed the of any relevant within the actual 1.of The term from managing Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth GLASS was born in sense safety atcomes the residencies outside towntopic centres, search for better Berlin, wherein sheemployment. made her first studies. Inskills 1932 she published an important study entitled: conditions These are useful for any national and services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for international the employment andshe social There lower living costinstitution of, in “withdrawal” from private access to markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva,for Prague, London and car Neweasier York camestructure. back to London, in According 1943 shedoubt published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher and in the isn’t any that the new skills are related the creative to another approach, the iswith due a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research. Her public action and long-term informal effort groups, manufacturers, buying critical thinking; this by is organized the proper mixture for the brokers modernof policy her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: making. G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, References Definition, of intervention, Concerns of Gentrification [The Congress of the UnitedTypes States] (1996). Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act-PRWORA. Public Law 104Concerns 193, Aug. 22.
Baran, P.A., Sweezy, P.M. (1968). Monopoly Capital. An essay on the By Mr.order. George-Sp. ATHANASOPOULOS American economic and social New C. York, Modern Reader, Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, (1966). By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Béland, D., Vergniolle de Chantal, F., Waddan, Α. (2002). Third way Student of the School of Architecture social policy: Clinton’s legacy? Policy & Politics, Vol. 30, No of 1, Crete pp. Technical University 19-30. 1. Introductory approach:Social Defining the concept Beveridge, W. (1942a). Insurance and Allied Services, London: 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, H.M. Stationary Office, Cmd. 6404. ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among otherW. wise heritage he left us, he established aServices: great the Beveridge, (1942b). Social Insurance and Allied Memoranda among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. fromofOrganizations. London: H.M. Stationary Office, Cmd. 6405. acquisition knowledge starts with thein definition the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term Beveridge, W. (1944). Full“principle” Employment in a ifFree Society. A Summary. 1 (and Based, therefore, on this inindicated a first, notthe final, approach, the term urban gentrification) is (in area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 London: The New Statesman and Nation-Reynolds News. gentrification (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Central Intelligence Agency (USA) (2017). The World Factbook. Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement of artists, https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/. the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”,there regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever has, results alsoFreedom. rising of land prices (and theof Friedman,other M. consequences (2002). Capitalism and Chicago. Chicago whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative University Press (1962). potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early The 1960s and it refers of to Galbraith, J.K. (1993). American Capitalism. Concept The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor Countervailing Power. New Brunswick N.J.: in Transaction the then observed trend wealthy people to there buy property poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes and thus old residents areof Publishers. London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. Hayek, F.A. (2009). Individualism and Economic Order. Auburn being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth (Alabama): The Ludwig von isMises Institute A description ofperiod, this phenomenon included inwere the (1948). work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar situations recorded in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major Hayek, F.A. (2011). Constitution of Liberty. Chicago: Chicago cities in Western countries,The by other Researchers. cities inUniversity Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then, the issue several scholars and for its more Presshas (1960). then,Unemployment the issue has several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized from ILO,Since ILOSTAT. 1997-2014 (http://www.ilo.org). comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the interpretations the phenomenonrate-ILO of gentrification, theestimates, following: Nov. various ILO (2016), of Unemployment modeled 2016 interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new category of social groups (http://www.ilo.org/ilostat/faces/oracle/webcenter/portalapp to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money /pagehierarchy/Page3.jspx?MBI_ID=2). and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) (2017), World Economic Outlook 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth GLASS for was born in sense safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, search better Berlin, where she made her GDP. first studies. In 2017 1932 she published an important study entitled: Database, 2016 20 July (data), (http://www.imf.org/). services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for Keynes, J.M. [2007 (1936)]. The General Employment, Interest lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private car access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London andTheory Neweasier York of she came to back to London, in According 1943and she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the Money. London: Macmillan. to another approach, the is due a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research. Her public action and long-term informal effort An by organized groups, of buying Lytras, A.N. (2016). alternative formanufacturers, combating brokers unemployment. her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for the depreciation initially part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Co Ltd. London 2009. The Free Encyclopedia: Journal of Sociology and Social Work, 4 WIKIPEDIA: (2),ofpp. 59-71. G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Student of the School of Architecture Technical University of Crete
1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept 1. Introductory approach: the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the Lytras, A.N. (2017a). A radical policy for combating unemployment. The among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. future network: starts Autonomous workers, ofstock holders, consumers acquisition of knowledge with theindefinition the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if not final, approach, the term andtherefore, the State. Athens: Papazissis 1 (and Based, on this “principle” inindicated aPublishers. first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term urban gentrification) is area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 Lytras, A.N. (ed.) (2017b). Combating Unemployment during the of gentrification (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in Age various Crisis (in Greek). The Socials. Selections from Greek Sociology. Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement of artists, Athens: Panteion University (http://pandemos.panteion.gr/ the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”,there regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, resultscreator&q=%CE%9B%CF%8D% also rising of land prices (and theof index.php?op=record&type= whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative CF%84%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%82,%20%CE%91%CE%BD%CE potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to %B4%CF%81%CE%AD%CE%B1%CF%82%20%CE%9D.&page The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor =1&scope=&lang=el&pid=iid:18041). the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof Minsky, H.P. [2008 (1986)]. Stabilizing an Unstable Economy. York: London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus oldNew residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. McGraw-Hill. being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth Patterson, E.G. (2012). Mission Dissonance in therecorded TANF Program: Of A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included in the work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar were in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major Work, Self-Sufficiency, cities in Western countries, by otherReciprocity, Researchers. and the Work Participation cities inRate. Western countries, by other Since then,Harvard the issue has several and for its more Law &preoccupied PolicyResearchers. Review, Vol. 6,scholars pp. 369-405. Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from Tcherneva, P.R. (2012). Beyond Full Employment: The Employer of Last comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations theEconomics following: Institute of Resortofasthe anphenomenon Institution of forgentrification, Change. Levy interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thecategory following: In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new Bard College, Working Papers, No. 732, (September).of social groups to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money Van Reenen, J. (2004). Active Labor Market Policies and the British New and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the Deal for thedistributed Young Unemployed in Context. Card, Blundell, R.,in term from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. RuthD., GLASS wasbetter born sense1.ofThe safety atcomes the residencies outside town centres, search for Berlin, where she made herSeeking first studies. In 1932 she published The an important study entitled: Freeman, R.B. a Premier Economy: Economic Effects services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for of Economic Reforms, 1980-2000. Chicago: University of lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies andBritish research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, in According 1943Chicago she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the Press, pp. 461-496. to another approach, the is due a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research. Her public action and long-term informal Welfare-to-Work effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers buying Zaidi, A. (2009). Programmes in the UK and of Lessons her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling real estate, etc., for theEuropean depreciation initially part of the urban web, in 10th edit. COLLINS SONS AND Co Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: forWil. Other Countries. Centre forofSocial Welfare Policy G. ALEXANDRI: Abstract. http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of Research, ways, in order to Brief, achieve the “assisted”, (actually and Policy Vienna (October).“voluntary”,
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H Ευρωπαικὴ Ενωση και Και οι άλλοι; GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types ofεμεὶς! Intervention, Definition, ofκ. intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Του Θεοδώρ. Α.ΚΑΛΛΙΑΝΟΥ Διδάκτ. Οικονομικών και Κοινωνικών Επιστημών Concerns του Πανεπιστημίου του Αμβούργου
Πτυχ. Οικ. Επιστ. Ε.Κ.Π.Α.,
By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Επισκ. Καθηγητού Ευρωπαϊκής Ολοκληρώσεως Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, Παν/μίου Βόννης, π. Στελέχους της Ε.Ε. By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Student of the School of Architecture (“…the unity of the Community in the world is essential to the prosperity Technical University of Crete
and wellbeing of European people, including British people.” 1. Introductory approach: Defining theMichael conceptButler, London 1986.)1 EUROPE, more than a Continent, by Sir 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other heritage heστις left us, established a2017 great the H EEwise εορτὰζοντας 25he Μαρτὶου του την επὲτειο among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. των 60 χρὸνων απὸ την ιδρυτικὴ της Συνθὴκη στη Ρὼμη acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition of the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if not final, approach, the term διακὺρηξε μεταξὺ αλλων την δὲσμευση «Επιθυμοὺμε μιαterm 1 (and Based, therefore, on this “principle” inindicated a first, if ὸτι notthe final, approach, the urban gentrification) is (in area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 Ένωση όπου οι πολὶτες της θὰ εχουν νὲες ευκαιρὶες για (or gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal (in various πολιτιστικὴ καιasκοινωνικὴ ανὰπτυξη και οικονομικὴ μεγέθυνση». Sociology as well), the “refining” of a city area, from this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement there ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, Πὸσο ρεαλιστικὴ και υλοποιὴσιμη φαὶνεται η επιδὶωξη αυτὴ σε the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless ένα ομιχλὼδες περιβὰλλονhas, συνεχὼν καιofπροκλὴσεων; whatever other consequences resultsκρὶσεων also rising land prices (and theof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has,όταν results also rising Έκθεση-Συνὲδριο of land prices (and the potential relative Φαίνεται ότι ήταν χθες στην μεγὰλη potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early it refers «Leben und Arbeit in der Markwirkwirtschaft 1960s μετ. and Ζωὴ και to The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto theΕργασὶα then observed trend of to buy property in poor στην Οικονομὶα της Αγορὰς «μὲ τον γενικὸ τὶτλο the then observed trend wealthy people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus residents areof ΔΙΑΛΟΓΟΣ’ 93 στὸ Leipzig sometimes (Λειψία) «εμείς» οι old «δυτικοὶ», London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. προσπαθούσαμε να (επι) δείξουμε στους «συμπολίτες μας being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth ανατολικοὺς «από πρώην Λαικὴ Δημοκρατὶα Γερμανὶας A description ofperiod, this την phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded workτης of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major (DDR) και τις άλλες χὼρες της Ανατολικὴς Ευρὼπης την cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Ευρωπαϊκή «μας» επὶτευγμα πράγματι υποδειγματικής Since then, the issueΕνωση, has several scholars and for its more Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from εθελούσιας συνεργασίας . comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the gentrification, the της following: «Εμείς», οιphenomenon νεόκοποι ofπολίτες της ΕΕ Συνθήκης του interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: In a sense, theαπὸ phenomenon due to μέλη a trendμε of τα a new of social groups Μάαστριχτ τα τότε isκράτη νέαcategory bordeau κὸκκινα to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money διαβατήρια, «εμείς» που μὲσα πια στη νεοσυσταθείσα ευρωπαϊκή and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the εσωτερική αγορά μὲ τις τέσσερις ελευθερίες της ονειρευόμασταν termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for 1 Sircost Michael Butler,Διακεκριμὲνος Βρεταννὸς Διπλωμὰτης με εξαιρετικὴ lower living of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, εμπειρὶα στα Ευρωπαικὰ θεματα.the Διετὲλεσε Αντιπρὸσωπος τουin in According 1943 she published studies regarding city planning.Μὸνιμος In 1950 she teacher the to another approach, phenomenon is due tobecame a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research. Her public action and Ηνωμὲνου Βασιλεὶου στις Ευρωπαικὲς Κοινὸτητες (ΕΟΚ) στὶς Βρυξὲλλες από το long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her workμεχρι are characterized a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. 1979 τὸestate, 1985. byfor and selling real theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. COLLINS etc., SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
μια νέα ευρωπαϊκή πραγματικότητα της αλληλεγγύης και της ειρήνης, χωρίς ανισότητες και φόβους. 25 χρὸνια μετὰ, σὴμερα, οι Βρετανοὶ μετὰ απὸ ένα «οριακὸ» δημοψήφισμα ετοιμάζονται να κατεβούν απὸ το τρὲνο της ΕΕ καὶ να κολυμπήσουν στον ακόμη αχαρτογράφητο «ωκεανό του BREXIT», ενὼ η εσωτερική αγορὰ ανακάμπτει καὶ το ΕΥΡΩ By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS σταθεροποιείται σε πείσμα των διαφόρων κρὶσεων. Ταυτὸχρονα Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, οι υπὸλοιποι «27» καλοὺνται να επισπεὺσουν συντονισμὲνα. Να By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect αποφασὶσουν δηλαδή σὺντομα γιαStudent «περισσὸτερη Ευρὼπη» of the School of Architecture τακτοποιὼντας τις τραπεζικὲς και δημοσιονομικὲς ελλεὶψεις τους Technical University of Crete καὶ ενισχὺοντας ετσι τις οικονομὶες τους να καταστὴσουν την 1. Introductory approach: the concept καινοτομὶα την αὺξησηDefining της παραγωγικὸτητας τις παραγωγικὲς 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, επενδὺσεις κοινὸ τὸπο. ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great Τα θεσμικά Οργανα (ΝΑΤΟ, ΗΕ, ΔΝΤ, ΠΟΕ, ΕΟΚ,370 ΕΕ…) πουthe among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. δημιουργήθηκαν μετά τον Δεύτερο Παγκόσμιο Πόλεμο για acquisition of knowledge starts with the the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” indefinition a first, if of not final, approach, the term υπερεθνική σταθεροποίηση, βελτίωση τουifβιοτικοὺ επιπὲδου καιterm 1 (and Based, therefore, on this “principle” inindicated a first, notthe final, approach, the urban gentrification) is (in area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 εκδημοκρατισμὸ των κοινωνιών με σεβασμὸ στα gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in the areaανθρώπινα of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal from this, (in various δικαιὼματα αντιμετωπίζουν τώρα εντελώς νέες προκλήσεις Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of βὲβαια social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement there of artists, χωρὶς να εὶναι σε θὲση ναetc. αποτρὲψουν πάντα οικονομικὲς the operation of art galleries, restaurants, However “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising prices (and theof ασσυμετρὶες και κοινωνικὲς εντὰσεις στηνof land σχεδὸν «χωρὶς whatever other consequences potential relative speculation). σὺνορα» συμβίωση μας. has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative speculation). The term gentrification at first in theοικονομὶας UK in early 1960s and it refers to Η συνεχιζόμενηis found ψηφιοποίηση και κοινωνὶας The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto theμὲσω then observed trend of to buy property in poor τὴς “IT revolution”, η παγκοσμιοποίηση του εμπορίου μεareas τις the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof δικὲς της ιδιορρυθμίες π.χ. πρὸσφατη συμπεριφορὰ των ΗΠΑ στις London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. διεθνεὶς εμπορικὲς σχὲσεις, οιisκίνδυνοι της αλλαγής, being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon included in theκλιματικής work of Sociologist Ruth αλλά και η τρομοκρατία, η ξενοφοβὶα καθὼς και τα «στενά εθνικά A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major συμφέροντα «εξακολουθούν να αποπροσανατολίζουν τους cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, byπολίτες. other Researchers. Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars for its more απλούς ευρωπαίους Αυτό γίνεται με and γραπτὸ η Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various προφορικὸ λὸγο επικοινωνὶας σε μια διαφορετική ομάδα «27+1»more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, following: κρατών μελὼν σε 24 επὶσημες γλώσσες,the τρία αλφάβητα και interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new category of social groups περισσότερες από 70 ζωντανές περιφερειακές ή μειονοτικές to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money γλώσσες. and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the Οι κοινὲς ευρωπαικὲς αποφάσεις εὶτε centres, μεRuth αποκλειστικὴ term from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety atcomes the distributed residencies outside town search Berlin, where she madeείτε her firstμε studies. In 1932 she published anμε important study entitled: αρμοδιότητα, συντρέχουσα, είτε επικουρικὴ services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for λαμβάνονται ταLondon τρὶα βασικά καιshe ανεξάρτητα μεταξὺ lower living cost of, κυρὶως “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva,απὸ Prague, and car Neweasier York came to back to London, in According 1943 she published regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the τους όργανα τηνstudies Ευρωπαϊκή Επιτροπὴ που προτεὶνει to another approach, the is due a νομοθεσὶα, systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research. Her public action and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying το Συμβοὺλιο της ΕΕ, εκπρὸσωπο των εθνικὼν Κυβερνὴσεων her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling real estate, for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. COLLINS SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: καθὼς και τοetc., Ευρωπαικὸ Κοινοβοὺλιο, εκπρόσωπο τὼν G. ALEXANDRI: Abstract. http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually ευρωπαίων πολιτών και των εθνικών κομμάτων που 252125 11
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
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συναποφασίζουν. Είναι οι Θεσμοὶ αυτοί και οι αποφὰσεις τους που έχουν μεταλλάξει ήδη την Ευρώπη καθιστώντας την «κάτι περισσότερο από μια απλή γεωγραφική ήπειρο». Αξὶζει να σημειωθεί δὲ ότι ακριβώς αυτά τα εθνικά κόμματα πάνω από 200, αριθμὸς δηλαδὴ δυσανὰλογος με τους οκτώ 8(!) ευρωπαϊκοὺς σχηματισμούς κομμὰτων του Ευρωπαϊκού By Mr.για George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Κοινοβουλίου των 751 βουλευτών 510 περὶπου εκατομμύρια Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, πολίτες δημιουργούν μια πρόσθετη εικὸνα ασάφειας των By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect καταστάσεων και εξελὶξεων απὸ τουςStudent πολὶτες. Αρα, ο κοινωνικὸς of the School of Architecture ορισμός του «εμείς» αποτελεὶ ένα πραγματικάTechnical σισύφειο έργο - of (!): University Crete τη στιγμή δηλαδὴ κατά την οποία το «εμείς» φαίνεται απτὸ και 1. Introductory approach:εμφανίζεται Defining the concept σαφώς κατανοητό, ενας «άλλος» που εὶναι 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, διαφορετικός η και αντὶπαλος, χωρὶς να έχει σημασία αν είναι ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among otherπολίτης wise heritage us, he established a great the γηγενής της ΕΕheή left εκούσιος ή αναγκαστικός μετανάστης, among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. πρόσφυγας η «παρεμβαίνων απόthe τρίτες χώρες η απὸ acquisition of knowledge starts withπαράγων» theindefinition content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term άλλες 1 (and urban Based,ηπείρους. therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 τα Έτσι προσωπικά και κοινωνικά συμφέροντά του μὲσου gentrification (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various πολὶτη δεν μπορούν πλέον να προσαρμοστούν εύκολα στις Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, usually ofπολιτικές low-income and οικονομικές thethis placement there of artists, συνεχώς μεταβαλλόμενες και συνθήκες. the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results of land prices (and theof Αυτό το δεδομὲνο δημιουργεὶ ανὰγκηalso γιαrising δημιουργία «συνὸρων» whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land (and the potential speculation). ακὸμηrelative και εκεὶ που δεν μπορεὶ να υπάρχουν πλέον. Μιαprices μοναδική potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers ως εκ τοὺτου ευκαιρία για τους κριτικούς συστημάτων, τα ΜΜΕ, to The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto theτους then observed trendτους ofiswealthy to buy property in poor δημαγωγούς, λαϊκιστές, τους χαοτικούς και «άλλους» the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof διαμορφωτὲς κοινὴς γνώμης ...., sometimes there and thus old residents are London, upgrade them, stay themselves being indirectly “squeezed”. Υπάρχει μιας νέας πανευρωπαϊκής συνείδησης που being indirectly “squeezed”. A description ofέλλειψη this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth οφεὶλεται εν πολλοίς και στην έλλειψη καλλιέργειας της A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in otherστα major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major διάφορα «εθνικώς» καθοριζὸμενα εκπαιδευτικά συστήματα των cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then, the issue has several scholars for its more κρατών μελών. Η συνειδητοποίηση του «εμείς» τωνand ανθρώπων Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from various που ζουν στην ΕΕ, οι οποίοι είναι προνομιούχοι αλλά τωνthe οποίων comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenonαπό of gentrification, following: οι ορίζοντες απειλούνται κινδύνους. the Εκτός από το «κοινό interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: In a sense, theμας phenomenon is dueοι to κοινές a trend of a new category groups οικονομικό επίτευγμα», μας αξίες, όπωςofηsocial Ειρήνη to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money (το βραβεὶο NOBEL για την Ειρὴνη απενεμὴθη το 2012 στους and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the Ευρωπαικοὺς )και ηRuth δημοκρατία, η ελεύθερη προσωπική 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense safety theΘεσμοὺς distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, where she made herτομέα first studies. In 1932 she published anίσων important study entitled: ανάπτυξη σε έναν ασφάλειας δικαίου και ευκαιριών services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for τίθενται σε δοκιμασία. lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher the Άρα ο Διάλογος για το the μέλλον πρὲπει να είναι καιin to another approach, is due aδιαρκὴς systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research. Her public action and long-term by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying κυρὶωςinformal να effort στοχεὺει στην ενδυνὰμωση και στην ευελιξία her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: προσαρμογής των κοινωνιών της ΕΕ και της «εξωστρεφοὺς» G. ALEXANDRI: Abstract. http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually Οικονομίας της. Η ευκαιρὶα των προσεχὼν Ευρωεκλογων τον
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Μάιο του 2019 πρὲπει να αποτελὲσει σοβαρὸ κίνητρο για έναν Concerns τέτοιο δημιουργικὸ διὰλογο χωρὶς προκαταλὴψεις ενός
πολυεπιπὲδου διαλὸγου και ενεργοποίησης του ευρωπαὶου By Mr. George-Sp. ATHANASOPOULOS πολὶτη προκειμὲνου να «κατανοηθούν» και ναC.γίνουν αποδεκτοί Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, οι επιδιωκόμενοι στὸχοι και επιλογὲς ακολουθητὲων πολιτικὼν By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect που προτείνονται απὸ τους ευρωπαϊκούς θεσμούς για τοofμελλον Student of the School Architecture της ΕΕ. Technical University of Crete Οι διαχωρισμοὶ και οι αποκλεισμοὶ «των άλλων» που 1. Introductory σε approach: Defining τὴς the concept υποβόσκουν κάθε έκφανση κοινωνικὴς διάστασης έχουν 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, εν κατακλεὶδι το φὶλτρο της αλληλεγγὺης καὶ της συνεργασὶας, ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great το σπουδαιὸτερο επίτευγμα του ευρωπαικοὺ οικοδομὴματος, ωςthe among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the αποτρεπτικό καταλὺτη. acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term Πυξὶδα στο ομιχλὼδες αυτό περιβὰλλον είναι το αξιακὸ 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term (or gentrification (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) 1 (and σύστημα της ΕΕ του «σεβασμού του άλλου «και των ανθρωπὶνων gentrification urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various δικαιωμὰτων του όπως το διατυπὼνει σαφὲστατα το προοὶμιο ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of ισχὺουσας social groups, usually low-income and the placement there of artists, τὴς απὸ το of2009 Συνθὴκης τὴς Λισαβόνας. Τὴς the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever otherαυτὴς consequences has, results also rising land prices Συνθὴκης πού εδωσε για πρὼτη φορὰofστην πορεὶα(and τηςtheof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, also rising of land prices potential relative Ευρωπαικὴς Ολοκλὴρωσης τὴνresults δυνατὸτητα σε Κρὰτος Μὲλος(and να the potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to αποχωρὴσει, εφὸσουνis found το επιθυμεὶ, με συγκεκριμὲνη διαδικαςὶα The term gentrification first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of wealthyatpeople to buy property in poor (άρθρο 50 ΣτΛ) trend απὸ τὴν wealthy ΕΕ, δηλαδὴ να γὶνει the then observed people to there buy«άλλος» property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes and thus old residents areof Κι αυτὸ είναι ισως το πιο ελκυστικὸ στοιχεὶο του «εμείς». London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”.
being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major Βιβλιογραφικὲς παραπομπὲς: cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. Since then, the issue has several scholars Οικονομὶα and for its more Aθανασὸπουλος, preoccupied Κων/νος, ΓΕ., Η Ελληνικὴ :η Since then, the issue has preoccupied several below, scholars for various comprehensive approach are being summarized from δημοσιονομικὴ αρετὴ καὶ το διακὺβευμα εν σχὲσει and με the τα its νὲαmore comprehensive approach are being summarized from the various interpretations of the phenomenon gentrification, thebelow, following: μὲτρα «διάσωσης» της βλ.σ.1ofκ.ε.ΕΑΤΑΠΑ ,Τ.αρ.65,Αθὴνα (2011) interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new category of social groups Ευρωπαϊκή Επιτροπὴ, Έγγραφο Προβληματισμού για την to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money διάσταση της Ευρὼπης COM(2017)206, 26/7/2017 andκοινωνική time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the www.europa.eu termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 published an important study entitled: Ευρωπαϊκή Επιτροπὴ, Η ΕΕ και she Εγὼ, Βρυξέλλες 2017 services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for Kαλλιάνος, Θεὸδωρος Α.London 30+…Steps for she Europe/Βήματα για lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, and car Neweasier York came to back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding city planning. In 1950 she became teacher in the to another approach, the phenomenon is due to a systematic and την Ευρώπη,σ. 189 κ.ε.Αθὴνα 2011 University College of London, where she continued her social research. Her public action and long-termKαλλιάνος, informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of την buying ΕΕ:SeeΑνακάμπτοντας απὸ her work are characterizedΘεὸδωρος by a passion forΑ, justice. also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling real estate, etc., for the depreciation initially of part of the urban web, 10th edit. Wil. COLLINS SONS AND Co Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: οικονομική κρὶση και η αντίστροφη μέτρηση του BREXIT βλ.σ.13 in G. ALEXANDRI: Abstract. http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in orderΑθὴνα to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually κ.ε. ΕΑΤΑΠΑ ,Τ.αρ.90, (2017)
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Ελένη Καββαδία Concerns By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Το Ειδικό Καθεστώς Οικονομικών Δραστηριοτήτων του Ελληνικού
Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student,
Κράτους και Ελλήνων Υπηκόων Χώρες των Βαλκανίων:Architect By Mr. σε George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Student of the School of Architecture
Θεωρητικές Προσεγγίσεις και Εμπειρικοί Προσανατολισμοί Technical University of Crete
1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept 1. Introductory approach: the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification (and urban gentrification) Helen Kavvadia 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of The special status of economic activities of the Hellenic State the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative and of Greek citizens in Balkan countries: potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor theoretical approaches and empirical perspectives the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more Since then, the issue has several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized from comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: Β΄έκδοση In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new category of social groups to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private easier access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car New York she came to back to London, ΚΕΝΤΡΟ ΕΠΙΜΟΡΦΩΣΗΣ, ΜΕΛΕΤΩΝ in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and ΕΡΕΥΝΑΣ ΚΑΙ ΑΝΑΠΤΥΞΗΣ University College of London, where she continued her social research. Her public action and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: Αθήναι, 2018 G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually
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ΣΗΜΕΙΩΜΑ ΤΟΥ GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types ofΕΚΔΟΤΗ Intervention, Types of intervention, Concerns of Gentrification ΤοDefinition, Κέντρο Επιμόρφωσης, Μελετών, Έρευνας και Ανάπτυξης, συσταθέν εν έτει 1990, εν τηConcerns επιθυμία των Μελών της Διοίκησής του, συγκειμένης εκ Καθηγητών Πανεπιστημίου και Ειδικών Επιστημόνων,
να «διαχέεται», κατά το δυνατόν, σε ευρύτερους κύκλους η γνώση και By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS να προβάλλονται διαπρεπείς Επιστήμονες, αποφάσισε την έκδοση του Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, ανά χείρας έργου της κυρίας Ελένης Καββαδία. By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Τα Μέλη του Δ.Σ. του Κέντρου έκριναν, ότι εν λόγω έργο, Student of theτο School of Architecture προϊόν μακράς συστηματικής έρευνας και λίαν ευδοκίμου Technical University of Crete επιστημονικής και επαγγελματικής δραστηριότητας, είναι ιδιαζόντως 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept υψηλής ποιότηταςapproach: και αναφέρεται σε ενδιαφέροντα θέματα. 1. Introductory theεξόχως concept ANTISTHENIS, theδιακρίνεται ancientDefining Greek philosopher, (444 BC -«σύλληψη» 370 BC, Athens), Το όλον έργο για την πρωτότυπη του ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the κεντρικού πυρήνα, τον πλούτο των το μεγάλο εύρος της among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition heστοιχείων, established a great acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content of“principle”: concepts. the θεματολογίας, την on συνθετική κριτική των επιapproach, μέρους πτυχών acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts. Based, therefore, this “principle” aθεώρηση first, if of not final, the term 1 διαφόρων ζητημάτων. Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term (or gentrification (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Σε μία περίοδο όπου τα Βαλκάνια γίνονται και πάλι αντικείμενο Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” ofοι a city area, the from this,δεν (inartists, various διεθνούς ενδιαφέροντος, καθώς χώρες περιοχής που είναι ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andτης theremoval placement there of ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the of artΕυρωατλαντικών galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, of ήδηoperation μέλη των Δομών δρομολογούν την regardless ενταξιακή the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the τους πορεία, η Ελλάδα επανεξετάζει την πολιτική της στηνof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative Νοτιοανατολική Ευρώπη, όπου οι οικονομικές σχέσεις διαδραματίζουν potential relative speculation). The term gentrification at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to πρωταγωνιστικό ρόλο. is found The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor Η Συγγραφέας κυρία Ελένη Καββαδία έχει πολυδιάστατες the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof ακαδημαϊκές σπουδές στην Οικονομία, την Διοίκηση London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there andΕπιχειρήσεων, thus old residentsτα are being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”. Συστήματα Πληροφοριών και την Γεωστρατηγική, στην Ελλάδα και A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth description of this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth στοAΕξωτερικό. Επιπλέον η similar επαγγελματική της ενασχόληση μεmajor την GLASS at the same period, while in other GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Νοτιοανατολική Ευρώπη, ως Researchers. ανώτερο Στέλεχος της Ευρωπαϊκής cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then, the issue has several μέρος scholars andυπό for εξέταση its more Τράπεζας Επενδύσεων, κατά το μεγαλύτερο της Since then, the issue has preoccupied several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach are being summarized from περιόδου, της επιτρέπει να being έχει summarized επιτόπια γνώση και προσωπική comprehensive approach are below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: εμπειρία στο θέμα. interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new category of social groups Το έργο έχει ως βάση Διδακτορική Διατριβή της κυρίας Ελένης to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money Καββαδία, με θὲμα οικονομικών and time to travel from«Το the ειδικό purlieusκαθεστώς to downtown, where workδραστηριοτήτων place is, lack of the του Ελληνικού Κράτους ως Μέλους της Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης καιin termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS wasbetter born sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, for Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: Ελλήνων σε Χώρες των Βαλκανίων: προσεγγίσεις services of Υπηκόων health, education, entertainment “at theΘεωρητικές heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc.where και εμπειρικοί προσανατολισμοί», που υπεβλὴθη στο Τμήμα studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back to London, in 1943 she published studies regarding city planning. In 1950 she became teacher in the According to another approach, the phenomenon is due to a systematic and Οικονομικής και Περιφερειακής Ανάπτυξης του Παντείου University College of London, where she continued her social research. Her public action and long-term informalΚοινωνικών effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying Πανεπιστημίου και Πολιτικών Αθηνών και her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also:Επιστημών COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling real estate, etc., for the depreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. COLLINS SONS AND Co Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: ενεκρίθη το 2016, της οποίας υπήρξα Επιβλέπων Καθηγητής. G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually Προσεγγίζει το θέμα ολιστικά, εξετάζοντας τόσο την επίσημη 252129 11
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
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αναπτυξιακή βοήθεια μέσω του Ελληνικού Σχεδίου Οικονομικής Ανασυγκρότησης των Βαλκανίων-ΕΣΟΑΒ, όσο και τις Ελληνικές άμεσες ξένες επενδύσεις σε επτά χώρες της Νοτιοανατολικής Ευρώπης, και συγκεκριμένα Αλβανία, Βοσνία και Ερζεγοβίνη, Βουλγαρία, Κροατία, ΠΓΔΜ, Ρουμανία και Σερβία. Από αυτές, εν τω μεταξύ μόνο δύο είναι ήδη μέλη της Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης, ενώ οι υπόλοιπες πέντε φιλοδοξούν By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS να ενταχθούν ως το 2025. Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Το βιβλίο και κατά βάση η Διδακτορική Διατριβή στηνStudent, οποία By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect βασίζεται πραγματεύεται ένα θέμα με ιδιαίτερο ερευνητικό ενδιαφέρον Student of the School of Architecture καθότι, την εικοσαετή περίοδο 1990-2010, η Ελλάδα γίνεται για πρώτη Technical University of Crete φορά στην ιστορία της, τόσο χορηγός/δωρητής Επίσημης 1. Introductory approach: the concept Αναπτυξιακής Βοήθειας - Defining (ΕΑΒ), μέσω του Ελληνικού Σχεδίου για την 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, Οικονομική Ανασυγκρότηση των Βαλκανίων - (ΕΣΟΑΒ), όσο και ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among otherΆμεσων wise heritage he Επενδύσεων left us, he established a και great the εξαγωγέας Ξένων - (ΑΞΕ), μάλιστα σε μια among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. περιοχή, και κατά μιαstarts χρονική συγκυρία, όπου γίνονται ιστορικές acquisition of knowledge with the the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” indefinition a first, if of not final, approach, the term γεωπολιτικές καιurban γεωοικονομικές με εμπλεκόμενη 1 (and Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inανακατατάξεις, a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) indicated area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 ολόκληρη την Διεθνή Κοινότητα. Για τον λόγο αυτό άλλωστε η gentrification (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various οικονομική εμπλοκή της Ελλάδας στα Βαλκάνια έχει απασχολήσει Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), ofτην social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, κυρίως αλλά και etc. μερικώς την ξένη Βιβλιογραφία, the operation ofΕλληνική, art galleries, restaurants, However this “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences results rising of land (and the πρωτίστως Επιστήμονες απόhas, χώρες τηςalso Βαλκανικής, καιprices όχι μόνο. Τοof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and potential relative θέμα εξετάζεται σε επτά χώρες, στις οποίες επικεντρώνεται και the η potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to οικονομική δραστηριότητα τόσο του Ελληνικού Κράτους, μέσω The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trendκαι ofiswealthy to buy property poor διμερών συμφωνιών, του Εθνικού Σχεδίου ΕΣΟΑΒ,ininόσο και των the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof Ελλήνων υπηκόων, υπό την μορφή ΑΞΕ. London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. Ως προς την διάρθρωση 16 being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this τυπική phenomenon is includedηinμελέτη the workπεριλαμβάνει of Sociologist Ruth συνολικά Κεφάλαια, τα 15 εκ των οποίων ταξινομούνται σε 5 A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major θεματικές ενότητες ενώ το 16ο Κεφάλαιο αποτελεί τον Επίλογο cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more διαπιστώσεων και συμπερασμάτων. Since then, the issue has preoccupied several below, scholars and for its του, more comprehensive approach are being summarized from various Το έργο παρουσιάζει ιδιαίτερο ενδιαφέρον τόσο για τοthe θέμα comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon gentrification, following: ερευνητική που παραμένει επίκαιρο, όσοofκαι για την the πρωτότυπη interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thecategory following: social groups In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new μεθοδολογία και την διεπιστημονική προσέγγιση, που ofκεντρίζει το to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money ενδιαφέρον για ένα ευρύ αναγνωστικό κοινό, με αναζητήσεις που and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the γεωγραφικά άπτονται στηνresidencies Νοτιοανατολική Ευρώπη, και θεματικά σεin 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth GLASS wasbetter born sense safety the distributed outside town centres, search for Berlin, where she made her και first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: Νομικό επίπεδο, αλλά στους τομείς των Πολιτικών Επιστημών και services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for Διεθνών Σχέσεων, της Prague, Οικονομικής Διπλωματίας, των Διεθνών lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private easier access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, London and car New York she came to back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. Inκαι 1950 sheto became teacher in the Οικονομικών, Ευρωπαϊκής Ολοκλήρωσης της Επιχειρηματικής toτης another approach, the is due a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research. Her public action and long-term informal effort by ενδιαφέρει organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying Στρατηγικής. Περαιτέρω ερευνητικά όσους ασχολούνται με her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate,της etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London The Free Encyclopedia: την μεθοδολογία αξιολόγησης και 2009. της WIKIPEDIA: χρήσης επιχειρηματικών Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: Abstract. http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm aμοντέλων variety of ανάλυσης, ways, in order to achieve the “assisted”, όπως PEST, SWOT, VRIO, “voluntary”, το μοντέλο(actually «πέντε
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
δυνάμεων ή ανταγωνιστικών δυνάμεων» (the five forces model) και το μοντέλο «αλυσίδα αξίας» (the value chain model) του M. Porter. Ειδικά για όσους ενδιαφέρονται για το ΕΣΟΑΒ, η μελέτη περιλαμβάνει μια κριτική προσέγγιση, λεπτομερή ανάλυση της λειτουργίας και δραστηριότητάς του, καθώς και την πρώτη αξιολόγησή του, με βάση την μεθοδολογία Διεθνών Οργανισμών. Η αξιολόγηση, με την George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS παράλληλη αποτίμηση των By Mr. αποτελεσμάτων, δεν αποτελεί Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, παρελθοντολογία, αλλά καθίσταται χρήσιμη για τον σχεδιασμό και By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect εφαρμογή μελλοντικών παρομοίων δράσεων. Student of the School of Architecture Η μελέτη συνδυάζει τις θεωρητικές προσεγγίσεις, εμπειρικούς Technicalμε University of Crete προσανατολισμούς, τόσο όσον αφορά στις οικονομικές 1. Introductory του approach: Defining the concept δραστηριότητες Ελληνικού Κράτους, όσο και Ελλήνων Υπηκόων σε 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, χώρες των Βαλκανίων. Εδράζει σε μια στέρεα θεωρητική προσέγγιση, ANTISTHENIS, Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us,στατιστική he established(444 a great the ολοκληρωμένη καιthe ancient διεξοδική ανάλυση αξιόπιστων among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. στοιχείων ταknowledge οποία προέρχονται από επίσημες βάσειςof concepts. δεδομένων acquisition of starts with theindefinition the content Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term Διεθνών, και ΕθνικώνisinΦορέων, των οποίων έχειtheγίνει 1 (and urban Based, Ευρωπαϊκών therefore, on this “principle” a first, if (in not final, approach, term gentrification) indicated the area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 χρονική εναρμόνιση, ώστε να καλύπτεται ολόκληρη η εικοσαετής υπό gentrification (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various εξέταση περίοδος 1990-2010, ενώ παράλληλα έχει γίνει εκτεταμένη Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andτην thethis placement of artists, γραφική επεξεργασία, μεrestaurants, απώτερο σκοπό συγκρισιμότητα των the operation of art galleries, etc. However “change”,there regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof αντίστοιχων στοιχείων. whatever otherλόγους consequences resultsότι alsoτοrising landκυρίας prices Ελένης (and the potential speculation). Γιαrelative τους αυτούςhas, θεωρώ, έργοofτης potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to Καββαδία αφ΄ενὸς μεν επιτυγχάνει τους στόχους και απαντά στα The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor ερωτήματα εντός trend του τεθέντος πεδίου αφ΄ετέρου δε the then observed wealthyεπιστημονικού people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes and thus old residents areof αποτελεί χρήσιμο σημείο υποδειγματικής αναφοράς και περαιτέρω London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. έρευνας σε σχετικούς τομείς ιδίως σε μιαin περιοχή της ΕΕ η οποία being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included the work of Sociologist Ruth επηρεάζεται άμεσα στην συμπεριφορά της από τις εξελίξεις της A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major διεθνούς γεωπολιτικής γεωοικονομίας. cities in Western countries, και by other Researchers. cities countries, bypreoccupied other Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more Ηin Western κριτική αναδρομή στηνResearchers. Ελληνική οικονομική συνεργασία με Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various χώρες της Βαλκανικής κατά την εικοσαετία 1990-2010, την οποία comprehensivethe approach are being summarized from the various interpretations phenomenon of gentrification, thebelow, following: παρουσιάζει of το έργο αυτό, μπορεί να χρησιμεύσει ως βάση για interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new category of social groups μελλοντικές δράσεις στην περιοχή, τόσο του Ελληνικού Κράτους, όσο to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money και Ελλήνων επενδυτών. Παρά την οικονομική κρίση, η Ελληνική and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the οικονομία παραμένει συγκριτικά ισχυρή, με1912-1940. ακαθάριστο εθνικό προϊόν 1.of The term from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, Ruth search GLASS for was born in sense safety atcomes the distributed residencies outside town centres, better Berlin, where she madeτο her συνολικό first studies. όλων In 1932 she published an important study entitled: μεγαλύτερο από των υπό ένταξη χωρών, ενώ services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for παράλληλα, αγορές αποτελούν γιαto τις Ελληνικές lower living costοιof,ξένες “withdrawal” from private easier access markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and car Newδιέξοδο York she came back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding city planning. υποτονικής In 1950 sheto became teacher in the επιχειρήσεις, τις τρέχουσες συνθήκες στην toυπό another approach, the phenomenon is due aζήτησης systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research. Her public action and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying εγχώρια αγορά. her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for depreciation initially part of the urban web, in 10th edit. SONS AND Co Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: ΓιαWil. τον λόγο αυτό, η the ιστορική αναδρομή, ηofμέθοδος ανάλυσης και G. ALEXANDRI: Abstract. http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm aηGentrification: variety of ways, in order to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually συμπερασματική σύνθεση που παρουσιάζονται σ΄αυτό, μπορούν να 252131 11
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είναι χρήσιμες σε Φορείς τόσο του δημόσιου, όσο και του ιδιωτικού τομέα, οι οποίοι ασχολούνται με την χάραξη επίσημης κρατικής οικονομικής πολιτικής και οικονομικής διπλωματίας, καθώς και επενδυτικά σχέδια στην περιοχή, αντίστοιχα. Πέραν αυτών, το έργο απευθύνεται στην Ακαδημαϊκή Κοινότητα, καθότι αποτελεί Β΄ έκδοση Διδακτορικής Διατριβής, η οποία Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS υποστηρίχθηκε με επιτυχία στοByΠάντειο Πανεπιστήμιο το 2016. Η Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, διεπιστημονική προσέγγιση του θέματος το καθιστά χρήσιμο για By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Ακαδημαϊκούς Μελετητές της Νοτιοανατολικής Ευρώπης με υπόβαθρο Student of the School of Architecture διεθνών και ευρωπαϊκών σχέσεων, διεθνών οικονομικών, ή Technical University of Crete επιχειρηματικής στρατηγικής, αλλά και σε όσους ασχολούνται με 1. Introductory approach:και Defining the concept πτυχές του θέματος. νομικές, γεωπολιτικές γεωοικονομικές 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, Ιδιαίτερο ενδιαφέρον παρουσιάζει και η πρωτότυπη μεθοδολογία, η ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the οποία χρησιμοποιεί γνωστά μοντέλα της επιχειρηματικής στρατηγικής, among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. με καινοτόμους τρόπους καιwith σε νέους τομείς εφαρμογής. Η του acquisition of knowledge starts theindefinition the content of ένταξη concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term θέματος γεωπολιτικό οικονομικό περιβάλλον καιterm τα 1 γενικότερο Based,στο therefore, on this “principle” is inκαι a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the (and urban gentrification) indicated area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 σχετικά Κεφάλαια διευρύνουν τονisarea, κύκλο Ερευνητών, οι(in οποίοι gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city the removal various μπορούν να αντλήσουν χρήσιμες πληροφορίες για την Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, of low-income and the placement of artists, μακροοικονομική, και usually γεωπολιτική κατάσταση της περιοχής, καθώς και the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”,there regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever consequences alsoΟργανισμών. rising of land Οι prices (and και theof τον ρόλο other άλλων κρατών καιhas, τωνresults Διεθνών πλήρεις whatever other consequences has, results also rising land prices the potential relative speculation). ομοιογενείς στατιστικοί πίνακες εντάσσουν το ofβιβλίο στις (and πηγές potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to αναφοράς για περαιτέρω έρευνες. The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor Αν και το εν trend γένει θέμα της Ελληνικής οικονομικής the then observed wealthy people to there buy property inπαρέμβασης poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes and thus old residents areof στα Βαλκάνια έχει αποτελέσει αντικείμενο πολλαπλής συγγραφικής London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. δραστηριότητας, το βιβλίο αυτό είναι το μόνο που ασχολείται τόσο με being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth την Aάμεση «εμπλοκή» του Ελληνικού Κράτους, όσο καιmajor την description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at theκρατική same while similar recorded in other GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major έμμεση, μέσω του ΕΣΟΑΒ και των ιδιωτικών επενδύσεων, αντίστοιχα. cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then, the issue has several for its more Επί πλέον, είναι το πρώτο ερευνητικό έργο, scholars το οποίοand περιλαμβάνει Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for various its που more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the τόσο θεωρητικές, όσο και εμπειρικές προσεγγίσεις, και το πρώτο comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: παρουσιάζει ofμια αξιολόγηση, και όχι απλή καταγραφή της interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thecategory following: In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new of social groups δραστηριότητας του ΕΣΟΑΒ. to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money Η επιχειρηματολογία ρέει από το γενικότερο προς το ειδικότερο, and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the και 1.χωρίζεται σεdistributed πέντε θεματικές ενότητες, αρχίζοντας μεbetter τονin termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for was born sense ofThe safety the residencies outside town centres, Berlin, where she made her θέματος first studies. και In 1932της she published an important study entitled: προσδιορισμό του ερευνητικής διαδικασίας, services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for περνώντας συνέχεια στην ανάλυση του πριν lower living costστην of, in “withdrawal” from private car access to markets, etc. studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and Neweasier York she cameπλαισίου, back to London, where in According 1943 she published studies regarding city planning. 1950 sheto became teacher in the εντρυφήσει στο κυρίως θέμα,the έτσι ώστεIn να μην διακόπτεται η to another approach, phenomenon is due a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research. Her public action and long-term informal effort by organized of buying επιχειρηματολογία. Παράλληλα, η groups, διάταξηmanufacturers, του βιβλίου brokers επιτρέπει στον her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: αναγνώστη τον εύκολο εντοπισμό των2009. θεμάτων τουof ενδιαφέροντός Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: Abstract. http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm aτου, variety ways, in order toΚεφαλαίου achieve theξεχωριστά, “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually και ηofαυτοτέλεια κάθε επιτρέπει ακόμη και
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Student of the School of Architecture αποσπασματική ανάγνωση. Technical Ακόμη, University ο λεπτομερής of Crete
την πίνακας περιεχομένων επιτρέπει τον γρήγορο εντοπισμό 1. Introductory approach: the σημείων τουDefining βιβλίου, απ’concept όπου ο αναγνώστης μπορεί να 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, αντλήσει στοιχεία για πιθανές συγκεκριμένες ερωτήσεις. ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the Το έργο διακρίνεται για την πρωτοτυπία του among other wise heritage left us,definition he established a great acquisition of knowledge startshe with the of the content of“principle”: concepts. the θέματος, το μεγάλο της επιμέρους θεματολογίας, acquisition of knowledge starts with theεύρος the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” indefinition a first, if of not final, approach, the term την καινοτόμα αναλυτική προσέγγιση, την εύστοχη 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term (or gentrification (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) 1συνθετική θεώρηση, και τον πλούτο των στοιχείων. gentrification (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Εν κατακλείδι, το εν λόγω έργο, εκτός της ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement there artists, the operation ofσημαντικής art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”, regardless of επιστημονικής συμβολής του στην ενof γένει the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever otherέρευνα consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the συγχρόνων θεμάτων πολλαπλού ενδιαφέροντος,of whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative συνιστά, πέραν των άλλων, αφ΄εαυτού ένα πολύτιμο potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UKοιinοποίοι early 1960s and it refers to εργαλείο, για όλους εκείνους, αντιμετωπίζουν The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor συναφή ζητήματα εντός εθνικού, διεθνούς,inευρωπαϊκού the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof και παγκοσμίου περιβάλλοντος. Αποτελεί πολύτιμο London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thusκαι old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. εργαλείο για όλους εκείνους που ασχολούνται με συναφή being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth A description ofperiod, this phenomenon isείναι included inwere the recorded workεύγλωττα, of Sociologist Ruth ζητήματα, καθότι γραμμένο έχει GLASS at the same while similar situations in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major περιέχει γραφήματα, έτσι ώστε να cities in Westernσυνεκτική countries, byδομή otherκαι Researchers. cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. Since then, είναι the issue has preoccupied scholars and for its more κατανοητό για several ένα ευρύ κοινό Κρατικών Since then, the issue has preoccupied several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach are being summarized from Λειτουργών, Στελεχών και Συμβούλων Επιχειρήσεων. comprehensive approach are being summarized from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thebelow, following: interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new category of social groups Καθηγητής Κωνσταντίνος ΓΕ. ΑΘΑΝΑΣΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money Πρόεδρος του Κέντρου Επιμόρφωσης, Μελετών, Έρευνας and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the και Ανάπτυξης, termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 sheτου published an important study entitled: Ομότιμος Καθηγητής Παντείου Πανεπιστημίου services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for Κοινωνικών και she Πολιτικών Επιστημών, lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York came to back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 she became teacher in the to another approach, the is due to a systematic and Πρόεδρος της Σχολής Νομικών University College of London, where she continued her social research. Her public action and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying καιCOLLINS Κοινωνικών Επιστημών her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for the depreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Co Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: του Πανεπιστημίου ΝΕΑΠΟΛΙΣ, Πάφος Κύπρου, G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually
Ex. Ch. L.U.L., Bruxelles, Ex. Int. I.I.A.P., Paris
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ΠΡΟΛΟΓΟΣ GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, ofκ. Πλούταρχου intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Του ΣΑΚΕΛΛΑΡΗ, Καθηγητού στο Τμήμα Οικονομικής Επιστήμης, Concerns Της Σχολής Οικονομικών Επιστημών του Οικονομικού
Πανεπιστημίου Αθηνών, By Mr. George-Sp.Τράπεζας C. ATHANASOPOULOS Επιτίμου Αντιπροέδρου της Ευρωπαϊκής Επενδύσεων
Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Ένα από τα αποτελέσματα της κρίσης που μαστίζει την ελληνική Student of the School of Architecture οικονομία και κοινωνία την τελευταία δεκαετία είναι η έντονη Technical University of Crete
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αναζήτηση ευκαιριών εκτός των συνόρων μας. Ο επιχειρηματικός 1. Introductory Defining the concept κόσμος αναζητείapproach: νέους εξαγωγικούς προορισμούς, ενώ στελέχη με 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, υψηλό ανθρώπινο κεφάλαιο αναζητούν εργασία στο εξωτερικό. Είναι ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other heritage he left us, established(444 a great the εύκολο, αλλάwise καθόλου σωστό, να he αγνοήσουμε ότι εξωστρέφεια έχει among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. επιδείξει ηof knowledge ελληνική starts οικονομική κοινότηταthe και προηγουμένως. acquisition with theindefinition content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term Χαρακτηριστικό παράδειγμα ήταν isinηindicated 1990-2010 καιterm η 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” a εικοσαετία first, if (in notthe final, approach, the gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 συμμετοχή μας στην οικονομική ανάπτυξη Βαλκανίων. Ο gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (inτων thefrom area of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal this, (in various γεωπολιτικός σεισμός που επέφερε η διάλυση της Σοβιετική Ένωσης Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of τις social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement there of artists, οδήγησε χώρες των Βαλκανίων σε However μετάβαση σε οικονομία αγοράς the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, ανάγκες. results also rising of land pricesέσπευσε (and theof και δημιούργησε συγκεκριμένες Η ελληνική κοινωνία whatever otherspeculation). consequences alsoκαι rising land prices (andτις the potential relative να ανταποκριθεί σε αυτές has, τις results ανάγκες να ofεκμεταλλευθεί potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to ευκαιρίες που δημιουργήθηκαν. Η ελληνική κυβέρνηση προχώρησε σε The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor επίσημη αναπτυξιακή βοήθεια μέσωto buy του Ελληνικού Σχεδίου the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves thereproperty and thus old residents areof Οικονομικής Ανασυγκρότησης των Βαλκανίων (ΕΣΟΑΒ). Ο δε London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. επιχειρηματικός τομέας προχώρησε σε άμεσες ξένες επενδύσεις στις being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth γειτονικές χώρες. A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major βιβλίοcountries, της Ελένης Καββαδία παραθέτει μια κριτική αναδρομή cities inΤο Western by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its κατά more στην Ελληνική οικονομική συνεργασία με χώρες της Βαλκανικής Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various την εικοσαετία 1990-2010. Προσεγγίζει το θέμα ολιστικά, εξετάζοντας comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the αναπτυξιακή phenomenon ofβοήθεια gentrification, following: τόσο την επίσημη μέσωthe του ΕΣΟΑΒ, όσο και τις interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thecategory following: In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new of social groups Ελληνικές άμεσες ξένες επενδύσεις σε επτά χώρες της Νοτιοανατολικής to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money Ευρώπης, και συγκεκριμένα Αλβανία, Βοσνία & Ερζεγοβίνη, Βουλγαρία, and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the Κροατία, ΠΓΔΜ, και Σερβία. Από αυτές, εν τωsearch μεταξύ μόνο 1.of The term from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth GLASS wasbetter born in sense safety atcomes theΡουμανία distributed residencies outside town centres, for Berlin, where she μέλη made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important studyπέντε entitled: δύο είναι ήδη της Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης, ενώ οι υπόλοιπες services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for φιλοδοξούν ναof, ενταχθούν ως from τοLondon 2025. lower living cost “withdrawal” private access markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, Prague, and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, in According 1943 published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. 1950 sheto became teacher in the Η she Συγγραφέας του βιβλίου κρίνει In γενικά ως θετικά τα to another approach, the is due a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research. Her public action and long-term informalαυτής effort byτης organized groups,«απόβασης» manufacturers, στα brokers of buying αποτελέσματα ελληνικής Βαλκάνια, her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for the depreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Co Ltd. London WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: αναγνωρίζοντας όμως τις θεσμικές και2009. στρατηγικές αδυναμίες που Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: Abstract. http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm aμείωσαν variety of ways, in order to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually την αποτελεσματικότητα τους εγχειρήματος.
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Σήμερα τα Βαλκάνια γίνονται και πάλι Student of the School of Architecture αντικείμενο διεθνούς Technical ενδιαφέροντος Universityκαθώς of Crete
οι χώρες της περιοχής που δεν είναι ήδη μέλη
1. Introductory approach: των Defining the concept Ευρω-Ατλαντικών δομών δρομολογούν 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, την ενταξιακή τους πορεία. Ως αποτέλεσμα, η ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us,επανεξετάζει he established(444 a great the Ελλάδα την πολιτική της στην among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. Νοτιοανατολική Ευρώπη, οι acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content ofόπου concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term οικονομικές σχέσεις διαδραματίζουν 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 πρωταγωνιστικό ρόλο. Η ανάλυση την οποία gentrification (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various παρουσιάζει το βιβλίο αυτό, μπορεί να Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement of artists, χρησιμεύσει ως βάση για there μελλοντικές the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results rising of landτου prices (and theof δράσεις στηνalso περιοχή, τόσο Ελληνικού whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results alsoΕλλήνων rising of επενδυτών. land prices (and the potential relative Κράτους, όσο και Παρά potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to την οικονομική κρίση, η Ελληνική οικονομία The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor παραμένει ισχυρή, με the then observed trend wealthy sometimes peopleσυγκριτικά to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old residents areof ακαθάριστο εγχώριο προϊόν μεγαλύτερο από London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. το συνολικό όλων τωνwork υπόofένταξη χωρών, being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the Sociologist Ruth ενώ παράλληλα, οι ξένες αγορές αποτελούν A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major για τις Ελληνικές επιχειρήσεις, υπό cities in Western countries, by διέξοδο other Researchers. cities in Western countries, byτις other Researchers. Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for ζήτησης its more τρέχουσες συνθήκες υποτονικής Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various στην εγχώρια αγορά. comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of following: Η gentrification, ΣυγγραφέαςtheΕλένη Καββαδία έχει interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: In a sense, the phenomenonπολυδιάστατες is due to a trend of a ακαδημαϊκές new category of social groups σπουδές. to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money Επιπλέον η επαγγελματική της ενασχόληση and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the μεresidencies τηνRuth Νοτιοανατολική ως Ανώτερο termat comes from Sociologist GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed outside town Ευρώπη, centres, for Berlin, where she made her first Στέλεχος studies. In 1932της she published an important study entitled: Ευρωπαϊκής Τράπεζας services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for Επενδύσεων, το she μεγαλύτερο lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private car access markets, etc.της studies and research Geneva, Prague, London andκατά Neweasier York came to back to μέρος London, where in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheεπιτρέπει teacher in the υπό εξέταση περιόδου, να έχει to another approach, the is της due tobecame a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research. Her public action and long-term informal effort by organized brokers of buying επιτόπιαgroups, γνώσηmanufacturers, και προσωπική εμπειρία στο her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: θέμα. G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns Αφιερώνεται στους Γονείς μουGeorge-Sp. Δήμητρα και ΚΑΒΒΑΔΙΑ By Mr. C.Αναστάσιο ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Student of the School of Architecture Technical University of Crete
1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept 1. Introductory approach: the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term (or gentrification (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth © ΕΛΕΝΗ ΚΑΒΒΑΔΙΑ 2018 A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major και cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more Κέντρο Επιμόρφωσης, Μελετών, Έρευνας και Ανάπτυξης, several scholars and for its more Since then, the issue has comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized below, from the various comprehensive approach are being summarized from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thebelow, following: Ίμβρου 6, 112 57 Αθήναι interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new category of social groups to “return” to8647120, the city,(0030) leaving the purlieus several reasons: high costs in money Τηλ.: (0030)210 6944626140, Φαξ.: for (0030) 210 8658868 and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the ISBN 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for Με επιφύλαξη παντός δικαιώματος. All rights reserved. lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, in 1943 she published studies regarding city planning. In 1950 she became teacher in the According to another approach, the phenomenon is due to a systematic and Απαγορεύεται χωρίς έγγραφη άδεια της Συγγραφέα ή του Κέντρου η αναδημοσίευση, έστω και μικρού University College of London, where she continued her social research. Her public action and τμήματος τουinformal παρόντος, καθ΄οίον δήποτε τρόπο, ως και η μετάδοσή του με οίο δήποτε σύστημα. long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually
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ΕΥΧΑΡΙΣΤΙΕΣ GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Types of intervention, Concerns of Gentrification "IfDefinition, I have seen further [than certain other men] it is by standing upon the shoulders of giants." Concerns Isaac Newton (1642–1727),
Speaking of his dependency on Galileo’s By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, and Kepler’s previous work in Physics and Astronomy.
By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Student of the School of Architecture Είμαι ευγνώμων στoν κ. Κωνσταντίνο ΓΕ. Αθανασόπουλο, Πρόεδρο του Technical University of Crete
Κέντρου Επιμόρφωσης, Μελετών, Έρευνας και Ανάπτυξης, και Ομότιμο Καθηγητή του Παντείου Πανεπιστημίου, 1. Introductory approach: Defining theΚοινωνικών concept και Πολιτικών Επιστημών 1.Αθηνών Introductory Defining the concept τωνANTISTHENIS, για τηνapproach: ιδιαίτερη τιμή που μου έκανε (444 να συμπεριλάβει παρόν the ancient Greek philosopher, BC - 370 BC,το Athens), βιβλίο στις εκδόσεις του Κέντρου. ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the Αισθάνομαι την ανάγκη ναleft ευχαριστήσω εκ βαθέων τονof κ. Πλούταρχο among other wise heritage us,definition he established a great “principle”: the acquisition of knowledge startshe with the of the content concepts. Σακελλάρη, Καθηγητή Τμήμα Οικονομικής Σχολή acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of Οικονομικών concepts. Based, therefore, onστο this “principle” a first,Επιστήμης, if of not final, approach, the term Επιστημών του Οικονομικού Πανεπιστημίου και Επίτιμο Αντιπρόεδρο 1 (and Based, therefore, on this “principle” inindicated a Αθηνών, first, if (in not final, approach, the term urban gentrification) is the area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and της Ευρωπαϊκής Τράπεζας Επενδύσεων, για την ενεργητική ανάγνωση του gentrification urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various κειμένου και την ευγενή του διάθεση να προλογίσει το βιβλίο. Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, Ευχαριστώ τoν κ. usually Κωνσταντίνο ΓΕ. Ομότιμο καθηγητή ways), of social groups, of low-income and thethis placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. Αθανασόπουλο, However “change”, regardless of του Παντείου Πανεπιστημίου, επίσης, για την καθοδήγηση, δημιουργική the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof παρακολούθηση και ενθάρρυνση προσπάθεια που μου whatever otherspeculation). consequences has,στην results also rising συγγραφής of land prices (and the potential relative προσέφερε ως Επιβλέπων γιαin την Διδακτορική Διατριβή, η οποία potential relative speculation). The term gentrification isΚαθηγητής found at first the UK in early 1960s and it refers to αποτελεί την gentrification βάσηtrend του of παρόντος καιin ηearly οποία στο The term iswealthy found atπονήματος, first in the UK 1960s and itareas refers the then observed people to buy property inυπεβλήθη poor ofto Πάντειον Πανεπιστήμιο Κοινωνικών και to Πολιτικών Επιστημών, Σχολή the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves there and thus old residents areof Επιστημών Οικονομίας και Δημόσιας Διοίκησης, Τμήμα Οικονομικής και London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”. Περιφερειακής Ανάπτυξης. Ευχαριστώ επίσης τους κυρίους Αθανάσιο A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth A description ofperiod, this phenomenon included the work of Sociologist Ruth Παπαδασκαλόπουλο, Καθηγητή τουis situations Παντείουin Πανεπιστημίου και major Ηλία GLASS at the same while similar were recorded in other GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major Πλασκοβίτη, Αναπληρωτή Καθηγητή του Παντείου Πανεπιστημίου, Μέλη της cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, other Researchers. Τριμερούς Επιτροπής για has τιςbyπολύτιμες υποδείξεις Ευχαριστώ και Since then, the issue preoccupied severalτους. scholars and forεξίσου its more Sinceτης then, the issue has several scholars andthe for various its more τα μέλη Επταμελούς Επιτροπής, Σ. Ε. below, Λώλο, from Καθηγητή Τμήμα comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being κυρίους summarized comprehensive approach are summarized theΠάντειο various Ο.Π.Α., ΠάντειοofΠανεπιστήμιο, Θ.being Παλάσκα, Καθηγητή Τμήμαfrom Ο.Π.Α., interpretations the phenomenon of gentrification, thebelow, following: interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: Πανεπιστήμιο, Β. Δούβλη, Καθηγητή Τμήμα Ο.Π.Α., Πάντειο Πανεπιστήμιο, In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new category of social groups καθώς και to τονtheκ.city, Αγγ. Κότιο,the Καθηγητή καιseveral Κοσμήτορα - Τμήμα Διεθνών και to “return” leaving purlieus for reasons: high costs in money Ευρωπαϊκών Σπουδών - Πανεπιστήμιο Πειραιώς,where οι οποίοι τα is, σχόλιά and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, workμε place lack ofτους the 1.of The term from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS wasbetter born συνέβαλαν καθοριστικά στηνresidencies οριστικοποίηση της centres, τελικής μορφής τηςin sense safety atcomes the distributed outside town for Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: Διατριβής. services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for Ευχαριστίες και από τηνand θέση αυτή και σε όλους οι lower living cost of,εκφράζονται “withdrawal” from private car access to markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London Neweasier York she came back toεκείνους, London, οποίοι στις ερωτήσεις μου ήplanning. μου έχουν πρόσβαση σε in According 1943 απάντησαν she published studies regarding cityphenomenon In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the isπαράσχει due a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research. Her public action and πληροφορίες, ή με υποστήριξαν στην συγγραφή του βιβλίου αυτού με long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. οποιονδήποτε άλλο και ιδιαιτέρως στην κυρία Κοτσίου, and selling realCOLLINS estate,τρόπο, etc., for theCo depreciation initially ofΑλεξάνδρα part of the urban web,για in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: πολύτιμη συνεισφορά στατιστικούς πίνακες και τα γραφήματα. Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: Abstract. http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm aτην variety of ways, in orderτης toστους achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually 252137 11
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Student of the School of Architecture Technical University of Crete
1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept 1. Introductory approach: the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term (or gentrification (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more Since then, the issue has several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized from comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new category of social groups to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research. Her public action and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Student of the School of Architecture Technical University of Crete
1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept 1. Introductory approach: the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term (or gentrification (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more Since then, the issue has several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized from comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new category of social groups to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research. Her public action and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually 252139 11
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ΠΡΟΛΟΓΟΣ GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Το έργο του Γιώργου Γεωργή σε σχέση με την εμβάθυνση TOW εκπαιδευτικών και γενικότερα πολιτιστικών σχέσεων μεταξύ Ελλάδας και Κύπρου είναι γνωστό Concerns και αναγνωρισμένο και από τα δύο κράτη του Ελληνισμού. Πρόκειται για έναν σημαντικό και ακαταπόνητο επιστήμονα, που δικαίως έχει τιμηθεί για όσα έχει Mr. George-Sp. προσφέρει και ο οποίος συνεχίζει το By σπουδαίο έργο του.C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student,
By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Με χαρά λοιπόν δέχτηκα να προλογίσω την παρούσα μελέτη, αφού εκτός Student of the School of Architecture από την τιμή που μου περιποίησε ο συγγραφέας, το ευρύτερο θέμα στο οποίο of Crete εντάσσεται ανήκει σε μια από τις αγαπημένες μου Technical θεματικές:University την εξωτερική πολιτική της χώραςapproach: μας και ιδίως στιςthe πτυχές της που αγγίζουν το διαχρονικά 1. Introductory Defining concept ευαίσθητο όσο και πρωταρχικό θέμα της σε- συνάρτηση με τις 1. Introductory approach: theΚύπρου, conceptπάντα ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, (444 BC 370 BC, Athens), σχέσεις μας με την Τουρκία. Το διασαφηνίζει άλλωστε και ο ίδιος ο συγγραφέας ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the στην υποκεφαλίδα τίτλου του, αφού στο πλαίσιο κυρίου θέματος που among other wiseτου heritage leftthe us,definition he established a great the acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the του content of“principle”: concepts. acquisition of knowledge starts with the the content of concepts. πραγματεύεται, αυτούonτης «ίδρυσης καιindefinition λειτουργίας ελληνικού υποπροξενείου Based, therefore, this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 (and Based, therefore, onπως this “principle” inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term στην Κύπρο», γνωρίζει σε μεγάλο is βαθμό αναφέρεται σε «μια ενδεικτική urban gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification πτυχή των as ελληνοτουρκικών σχέσεων». Sociology well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various
Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement Το βιβλίο αυτό αποτέλεσε για μένα μία έκπληξη πολλαπλών διατάσεων. ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of Πρώτα απ’ όλα αβίαστα προκύπτει ο θαυμασμός στο αποτέλεσμα the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and μιας theof ενδελεχούς μελέτης χιλιάδων σελίδων από επίσημα έγγραφα και prices πρακτικά κάθε whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land (and the potential relative potential relative speculation). είδους την εποχή που καλύπτει (1833-1864), Η συστηματικότητα The για term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refersτης to Theκαι term found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and refersofto μελέτης η gentrification συνδυαστική ετερόκλητων πηγών, απόpoor τις itεπίσημες the then observed trend ofisαξιοποίηση wealthy to buy property in areas the then observed trend of wealthy people to there buyτων property in poor areas of επιστολές των ελληνικών αρχών έως τιςsometimes αντίστοιχες ξένων καιare τα London, upgrade them, stay themselves and thus επισήμων old residents London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. πάσης φύσεως αρχειακά κείμενα, προκύπτει από την καθαρότητα της αφήγησης being indirectly Aτην description ofσυμπερασμάτων this phenomenon που is included work of Sociologist και εξαγωγή“squeezed”. δεν θαin the προέκυπταν από μια Ruth απλή A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major ανάγνωση της «επίσημης» ιστορίας. Ο συγγραφέας γνωρίζει σε βάθος την εποχή GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities Western και countries, otherνα Researchers. και ταinγεγονότα μπορείbyσυχνά προβαίνει σε λεπτές κρίσεις που αφορούν cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then, the issue has several and for itsκίνητρα more από την προσωπικότητα των πρωταγωνιστών έως ταscholars απώτερα πολιτικά Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from των ίδιων όσο και των ανωτέρων comprehensive approach are τους. being summarized from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thebelow, following: interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: βιβλίοtheαυτό, υπόδειγμα επιστημονικής καιsocial διεξοδικής InΤο a sense, phenomenon is due to a trend of a προσέγγισης new category of groups to “return”κατορθώνει to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: highθέμα, costs in money ανάλυσης, μέσα από ένα φαινομενικά «δευτερεύον» από αυτά and ηtime to travel from to downtown, where work place is, lack of the που επισκοπική ματιάthe τηςpurlieus ιστορίας θα αφιέρωνε σποραδικές μόνο αναφορές, 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense safety the distributed residencies outside townθεματολογικές centres, να προσεγγίσει σύνθετα ιστορικά θέματα και πολλές ενότητες. Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Από τιςUnemployment. προσπάθειες The γιαsame την year ίδρυση υποπροξενείου στηνcontinuous Κύπρο, movements ύστερα από Youth she left Germany and after for lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private car access markets, etc.where studies and ανεξάρτητου research Geneva, Prague, London andκαι Neweasier York συνέχεια she came to back to London, την ίδρυση ελληνικού κράτους στη με τη λειτουργία in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a σχέσεις systematic and αυτού, πηγάζουν αναλύσεις και she συμπεράσματα σχετικά με τις μεταξύ University College of London, where continued her social research. Her public action and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH Ελλάδας καιcharacterized Τουρκίας,by aμεpassion τις for διαχρονικές συμπεριφορές των DICTIONARY. Μεγάλων and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: Δυνάμεων εποχής, αλλά φωτίζονται ιδιαίτερες πτυχές της (actually ίδιας της G. ALEXANDRI: Abstract. http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety ofτης ways, in order to και achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”,
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νεότερης ελληνικής πολιτικής ιστορίας.
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Ιδιαίτερα δε η μελέτη αυτή προσεγγίζει με τη ματιά του επαΐοντα τον ιδιαίτερο κόσμο, με τις διαδικασίες, τη φρασεολογία και την εθιμοτυπία του Υπουργείου των Εξωτερικών. Μέσα από τις φαινομενικά τυπικές πράξεις των στελεχών του, προκύπτουν ευρύτερες στοχεύσεις και στρατηγικές και αναδεικνύονται προσωπικότητες που είτε φάνηκαν αντάξιοι του ρόλου τους (τα όρια του οποίου οι ίδιοι ανέδειξαν) είτε, λόγω προσωπικής ανεπάρκειας ή ανυπέρβλητων αντιξοοτήτων, απέτυχαν να αλληλεπιδράσουν επιτυχώς στην πολυπλοκότητα των προκλήσεων. By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS
GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student,
By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Στις σελίδες του βιβλίου αναλύονται, με ιδιαίτερη λεπτομέρειαArchitect και με Student of the School of Architecture συνδυασμό στοιχείων, οι πρωτοβουλίες σημαντικών προσωπικοτήτων της of Crete ελληνικής πολιτικής και διπλωματίας, από γνωστούςTechnical έλληνες University πρωθυπουργούς και 1. Introductory υπουργούς approach: εξωτερικών, έως the συγκεκριμένους διπλωμάτες. Ιδίως Defining concept 1. Introductory approach: the concept αναδεικνύεται το έργο των Defining δύο πρώτων υποπροξένων Κύπρο, του ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -στην 370 BC, Athens), Δημητρίου Μαργαρίτη και του Φιλίππου Βάρδα, που υπηρέτησαν στη Λάρνακα ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the από την other ίδρυση τουheritage υποπροξενείου έως το 1864. Κατά διάρκεια της among wise leftthe us,definition he established a greatτη the acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content of“principle”: concepts. acquisition of θητείας knowledge starts with the of concepts. πολυκύμαντης είχαν ναthe αντιμετωπίσουν, μεcontent ταapproach, πενιχρά μέσα που Based, therefore, onτους this “principle” indefinition a first, if of not final, the term 1 (and Based, therefore, onδιαχρονικής this “principle” inindicated a first, ifαπό notthe final, approach, the term διέθεταν λόγω και μιας «υποτίμησης» το area ελλαδικό κέντρο της urban gentrification) is (in of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as as the “refining” of a city area, removal from this,υπήρξαν (in various σημασίας τουwell), ρόλου του υποπροξενείου στηνthe περιοχή (συνεχείς οι Sociology asτους well), as the “refining” of area, from this, (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement there of προσπάθειές για αναβάθμιση τηςa city εκπροσώπησης), όλες τις αντιξοότητες ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement there of τρόπο artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. regardless of της εποχής. Από τις διεθνείς κρίσεις καιHowever εντάσεις - “change”, με αναλυτικό the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the περιγράφονται οι περιπλοκές που προέκυψαν από τα λεγάμενα «Μουσουρικά» whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential (1847) καιrelative ιδίως αργότερα με τον «κριμαϊκό πόλεμο» (1853-56), μέχρι τις potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UKπου in early 1960s and itσυχνά refers to μεγάλες πολιτικές αναταράξεις οδηγούσαν σε The term gentrification foundστην atpeople firstΕλλάδα in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersof to the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor κυβερνητικές κρίσεις και αστάθεια, όπως και περιοδική όξυνση των σχέσεων με the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas of London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are την Τουρκία. Όλες οι μεταβολές είχαν αντίκτυπο στην London, upgrade them,αυτές stay themselves sometimes thereευθύ and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. καθημερινότητα στην υπό τουρκική κατοχή Μεγαλόνησο και στη ζωή της being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth πλειοψηφούσας καιofπολυάριθμης ελληνικής κοινότητας. A description this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same period, while similar in other major
GLASS at the same period, situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, bywhile othersimilar Researchers. Στις συνθήκες αυτές, αναδείχθηκε ο ρόλος των συγκεκριμένων διπλωματών cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. then, the issueδυνατότητα has several andτης forπολιτικής, its more και Since ηSince πραγματική τους για χάραξη και scholars επηρεασμό then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from αφού μέσω των δικών τους ενεργειών ήταν δυνατός οbelow, ευρύτερος συντονισμός, comprehensive approach are being summarized from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: αφενός με την ανώτερη αρχή του πρέσβη στην Κωνσταντινούπολη και βέβαια interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new category of social groups με το υπουργείο στην Αθήνα. περιθώρια to “return” to the Εξωτερικών city, leaving the purlieus for Τα several reasons:περίτεχνων high costs inελιγμών money και τουςfrom αποτυπώνονται μεdowntown, εύγλωττο τρόπο σειρά παραδειγμάτων andχειρισμών time to travel the purlieus to where σε work place is, lack of the και ιδίως γύρω από κύρια ζητήματα που τους1912-1940. απασχόλησαν θητεία τους:in 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, Ruth στη GLASS wasbetter born sense safety theτα distributed residencies outside town centres, search for Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: αυτά τηςofκαλλιέργειας σχέσεων με τους συναδέλφους απόcity”, τα άλλα έθνη, services health, education, entertainment “at the heartτους of the (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for της προστασίας της ελληνικής κοινότητας και πιο συγκεκριμένα των ελλήνων lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc. studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back to London, where in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 teacher in the υπηκόωνθέμα επανέφερε διαρκώς και συνειδητά η she Τουρκία σε διάφορες toπου another approach, the is due tobecame a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research. Her public action and long-term informal effort by organized groups,του manufacturers, of και buying φάσεις μέχρι που παρέδωσε την κυριαρχία νησιού στηνbrokers Αγγλίατης her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling real estate, etc., for the depreciation initially of partάλλωστε of the urban web, in ανάπτυξης τουCOLLINS εμπορίου και της ναυτιλίας. Η Λάρνακα αποτέλεσε 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Co Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: Abstract. wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety εμπορικό of ways, in order για to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually σπουδαίο κέντρο την http://www.uncanny.net/ εποχή και οι παροικούντες πρόξενοι μια
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
ιδιαίτερη κοινότητα, σημασίας.
By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Student of the School of Architecture ξεχωριστής αίγλης και Technical University of Crete
1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept Στο πλαίσιο του πολυσχιδούς, έργου των 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), υποπροξένων εντάσσονται και οι προσπάθειές τους ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the γιαamong αναβάθμιση και ενίσχυση τηςleft εκπαίδευσης στην other wise heritage us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with the of the content concepts. the Κύπρο. Και ofοιknowledge δύοonπραγματοποίησαν σπουδαίοnotthe acquisition starts with theindefinition content of concepts. Based, therefore, this “principle” a first, if of final, approach, the term έργο, με την εξασφάλιση χορηγιών και βιβλίων, την 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term (or gentrification (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) 1 (and urban gentrification) ανέγερση εκπαιδευτηρίων και τη στήριξη της gentrification is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various κυπριακής ηγεσίας στην εκπαιδευτική της πολιτική, Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andAthethis placement of artists, ιδίως υπό τον Αρχιεπίσκοπο Μακάριο the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”,there regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless (1854-1865). whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative Από relative τις περιγραφές δεν λείπουν και potential speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to συγκεκριμένες ή απλά υπαινικτικές αναφορές σε in The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor μικροπρεπείς συμπεριφορές, ακόμη και σε the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof οικονομικές «ατασθαλίες», ανέκαθεν φαίνεται London, upgrade them, stayπου themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. indirectly “squeezed”. ναbeing αμαυρώνουν πτυχές του δημοσίου βίου. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is included inwere the work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major Το πόνημα αυτό, χρήσιμο από κάθεsituations άποψη γιαwererecorded GLASS at the same period, while similar situations recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. το συστηματικό μελετητή, ιστορικό, επαγγελματία cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more της διπλωματίας, πολιτικό ή πολίτη, υπογραμμίζει Since then, the issue has several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized from τις διαχρονικές προτεραιότητας για την άσκηση comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: αποτελεσματικής εξωτερικής πολιτικής και κατά interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new category of social groups τούτο αποκτά επικαιρική Ωςfor αυτοτελή to “return” to the city, leavingσημασία. the purlieus several reasons: high costs in money ιστορική πηγή και ένα συνεκτικό, παραστατικό and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the termθέλγει fromαναγνώστη, Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in αφήγημα που τον αξίζει σίγουρα sense1.ofThe safety atcomes the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: να διαβαστεί. services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research. Her public action and long-term informal effort byΑΝΔΡΕΑΣ organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying ΛΟΒΕΡΔΟΣ her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: Πρώην Υπουργός Παιδείας καιhttp://www.uncanny.net/ Θρησκευμάτων G. ALEXANDRI: Abstract. wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually
42
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Typesθεωρία of Intervention, Μινιμαλισμός: ή στυλ; Definition, of ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Της intervention, κυρίας Ελ.ΧΑΤΖΗΝΙΚΟΛΑΟΥ Αρχιτέκτωνος, MSc UCL (University College London), Concerns Εντετ. Διδάσκ. Σχ. Αρχιτεκτ. Πανεπ. Νεάπολις, Πάφος.
By Mr.Dictionary, George-Sp.οC.ορισμός ATHANASOPOULOS Αν ανατρέξει κανείς στο Oxford για τη λέξη Harvard University, Graduate School of Design,με Student, “minimalism”, ελληνοποιημένος ως μινιμαλισμός, περιγράφεται τρεις By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect τρόπους: Student of the School of Architecture Minimal art. Προσδιορισμός στη τέχνη (γλυπτική και ζωγραφική) η Technical University of Crete οποία αναπτύχθηκε τη δεκαετία του ’60 στην Αμερική, με μότο τη φράση “You see what you approach: see.” 1. Introductory Defining the concept 1. Introductory approach: theτοconcept Σύγχρονο κίνημα στη μουσική οποίο (444 χαρακτηρίζεται την ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, BC - 370 BC,από Athens), επανάληψη στοιχείων-φράσεων τα οποία αλλάζουν σταδιακά ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among otherπολύ wise μικρών heritage he left us, he established a great the among other wiseπεριβάλλον heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: προκαλώντας ένα ύπνωσης. acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content concepts. Εκούσια απουσία διακόσμησης στη ofμόδα ή term τον Based, therefore, on this “principle” a και first,στολιδιών if of not final, approach, the 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the σχεδιασμό. (or gentrification (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning)term 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Στηνasεγκυκλοπαίδεια Britannica ο όρος ταυτίζεται με την Sociology well), as the “refining” of a city area,“minimalism” the removal from this, (in various Sociology as well), asart”. the “refining” of a cityυπάρχει area, removal from this, (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually low-income andthe theαναφορά placement there of ορολογία “minimal Στην of επεξήγηση στο μινιμαλισμό ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the of art όχι galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of στηoperation μουσική αλλά στο design (εφαρμοσμένες τέχνες). the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof Οι πιο πάνω ορισμοί αναφέρονται κύρια στην τέχνη (ζωγραφική, whatever other consequences results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative speculation). γλυπτική) και στη μουσική καιhas, δευτερευόντως στις εφαρμοσμένες τέχνες potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to (design) στις οποίες θα μπορούσε κανείς να ενσωματώσει και την The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas of Αρχιτεκτονική. the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas of London, them, stay themselves sometimes there and ο thus oldμινιμαλισμός residents are Τοupgrade ερώτημα το οποίο τίθεται είναι, πότε εντάχθηκε όρος London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. βιβλιογραφικά στην Ιστορία και Θεωρία της Αρχιτεκτονικής; being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth Αν ανατρέξει κανείς στο βιβλίο του Kenneth Frampton, (Modern A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major Architecture. A critical History), ο όρος μινιμαλισμός δεν χρησιμοποιείται ως GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers.αρχιτεκτονικής έκφρασης. Αντί ιδιαίτερη κατηγορία με σαφή χαρακτηριστικά cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more αυτού η ορολογία (critical regionalism) κριτικός τοπικισμός θα μπορούσε να Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for various its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the ταυτιστεί με τα χαρακτηριστικά του όρου μινιμαλισμός. Στην σελίδα 369 comprehensive approach are being summarized from the δε various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thebelow, following: του πιο πάνω βιβλίου, αναφερόμενος ο Kenneth Frampton, στην interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: social groups In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a (σύγχρονος trend of a new αρχιτεκτονική του Peter Zumthor Ελβετός of Αρχιτέκτονας) to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money χρησιμοποιεί τον όρο μινιμαλισμός “minimalism” προσθέτοντας και τον όρο and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the “phenomenology”, όρος ο οποίος έχει εισαχθεί φιλοσοφικά απόGLASS τον Heidegger termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, for (Γερμανός φιλόσοφος και ο οποίος έχει an σχέση με τον κριτικό Berlin, where she made her1889-1976) first studies. In 1932 she published important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. same yearFrampton she left Germany and after continuous movements for τοπικισμό στον οποίοThe ο Kenneth αναφέρεται. lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier she came to back to London, Επίσης, to ο William J.R. Curtis στο βιβλίο τουYork (Modern Architecture since in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the another approach, the is due a systematic and 1900), δεν χρησιμοποιεί τον όρο minimalism (μινιμαλισμός). University College of London, where she continued her social research. Her public action and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY.
and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
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Κατ’ αυτόν η κατηγοριοποίηση (ταξινόμηση) των αντιπροσωπευτικών έργων των τελευταίων τριών δεκαετιών του 20ου αιώνα προσδιορίζεται με βάση τις πιο κάτω ενότητες: - Μοντέρνα αρχιτεκτονική και μνήμη. Νέες αντιλήψεις του παρελθόντος. - Το παγκόσμιο και το τοπικό. Τοπίο, κλίμα, πολιτισμικά στοιχεία - Τεχνολογία, αφαίρεση, ιδέες σε σχέση με τη φύση. By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Ο Curtis αναφέρεται στην ψυχρή αφαίρεση και την αυστηρή Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, ελαχιστοποίηση μόνο σε σχέση με την Αρχιτεκτονική. ByΣκανδιναβική Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Που πρωτοεμφανίστηκε, ο όρος μινιμαλισμός του στο Student of theοποίου School ηofχρήση Architecture χώρο των εφαρμοσμένων τεχνών, ιδιαίτερα κατά τις τελευταίες τρεις Technical University of Crete δεκαετίες ήταν και είναι ακόμα στο προσκήνιο; 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept Ο μινιμαλισμός στην Αρχιτεκτονική ως όρος εμφανίστηκε το δεύτερο 1. Introductory approach: the περιοδικά concept (444 ήμισυ της δεκαετίας ’70,Defining σε πολλά και οποία ANTISTHENIS, theτου ancient Greek philosopher, BCεκδόσεις - 370 BC,τα Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370όπως BC, Athens), among other wise he left us, he established a great the ασχολήθηκαν με heritage μονογραφίες μεμονωμένων αρχιτεκτόνων, τους: among other wise heritage leftthe us, he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with definition of the content concepts. the Legoretta, Kahn, Ando, Rossi, Ungers κ.τ.λ. acquisition of knowledge starts with ως thein definition the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term Πρωτοεμφανίστηκε δημόσια θεωρητική προσέγγιση τον Δεκέμβριο 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term urban gentrification) is indicated (in the με area of Planning) (or gentrification του 1988 στο (and Ιταλικό Αρχιτεκτονικό περιοδικό Rassegna θεματική έκδοση 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city theΑρχιτέκτονα removal fromκαι this,θεωρητικό (in various με τον τίτλο “Minimal” και υπεύθυνο τονarea, Ιταλό Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, removal fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe the placement του νέο-ρασιοναλισμού της σχολής της Βενετίας, Gregotti. ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, However this “change”, of Δύο γεγονότα συνέβαλαν στοetc.να επισημοποιηθεί ο regardless όρος artists, στη the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the συγκεκριμένη αυτή συγκυρία whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential - Ηrelative σαφής speculation). χρήση της ορολογίας minimalism, “to say in a word what potential relative speculation). The term picture says.”gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trendδιεθνώς ofiswealthy to buy property in poor - Η συγκέντρωση πολλών αρχιτεκτόνων, στο έργο των οποίων the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimesΌπως: there and thus old residents areof διακρίνονται μινιμαλιστικά χαρακτηριστικά. Ando, Kahn, Ungers, London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. Isozaki, Baragan, Siza, Souto de Moura, Alejandro de la Sota, Martinez, Herzoq being indirectly “squeezed”. description of this phenomenon in the work of Sociologist Ruth andAA de Meuron, Snozzi, κ.τ.λ.isisincluded description ofperiod, thisGregotti phenomenon included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar situations in otherγίνεται major Τη δεκαετία του ’90 η while θεωρητική συζήτηση για τον μινιμαλισμό GLASS at the same period, similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. μέσα από τα αρχιτεκτονικά περιοδικά όπως το Lotus International, El cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more Croquis, Architectural Design, στα μέσα δε του ’90 ηscholars τάση αυτή Since then, the issue has several andμεταφέρεται for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized below, from the στην Αμερική μέσα από τις εκθέσεις. comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: Το 1995 of στο ΜΟΜΑ η έκθεση “Light Construction” με καλλιτεχνικό interpretations the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new category of social groups επιμελητή Terence αναδεικνύει πώς μέσαhigh από to “return” toτον the city, leavingRiley the purlieus for several reasons: costsαυστηρές in money ορθογωνικές μορφές η downtown, νέα αρχιτεκτονική ευαισθησία καιofπώς and time to travel from υλοποιείται the purlieus to where work place is, lack the επιτυγχάνεται η απόσυρση από την μέχρι τότε εκφρασμένη μορφολογικά termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: ρητορική. services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly)for YouthΑκόμα Unemployment. The same yearέχουν she left αποσαφηνιστεί Germany and after θεωρητικά continuous movements και σήμερα δεν οι etc. λόγοι lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access markets, studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came to back to London, where γένεσης (ύπαρξης) τηstudies δεδομένη χρονική συγκυρίαInαυτής της τάσης. Είναι in ένα in According 1943 she published regarding cityphenomenon planning. 1950 she teacher the to another approach, the is due tobecame a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research. Her public action and ανοιχτό θέμα για τους θεωρητικούς προς συζήτηση και συγγραφή. long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. Και επανερχόμαστε στοthe ερώτημα: and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for depreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Co Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: Μινιμαλισμός: θεωρία ή στυλ; G. ALEXANDRI: Abstract. http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
Η προσέγγιση του πιο πάνω ερωτήματος, θα έλεγε κανείς ότι ταυτίζεται με την ουσία της αρχιτεκτονικής πρακτικής, τοποθετημένης σ’ ένα συγκεκριμένο χωροχρονικό περιβάλλον. Η ερμηνευτική προσέγγιση του όρου μινιμαλισμός ‘minimalism’ εξαρτάται από τον τρόπο που αντιλαμβανόμαστε τον ρόλο της αρχιτεκτονικής και του αρχιτέκτονα κατ’ επέκταση στη διαμόρφωση του κοινωνικού γίγνεσθαι. By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Είναι ο μινιμαλισμός: Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, Το απαραίτητο χρήσιμο By (ουσιώδες) όπως C. π.χ. στον προϊστορικό Mr. George-Sp. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect οικισμό στη Χοιροκιτία, στους τάφους των Βασιλέων στην Πάφο, στο εξοχικό Student of the School of Architecture σπίτι του Le Corbusier (Cabanon, France 1951), κτλ. Technical University of Crete Διαχρονικά κατά τους αρχαίους χρόνους το χρήσιμο αποτελούσε τη 1. Introductory approach: the concept βάση της φιλοσοφίας και τηςDefining αισθητικής. 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greekείναι philosopher, Κατά τον Σωκράτη το χρήσιμο και το αισθητικά ωραίο. ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the Μερικούς αιώνες μετά ο Viollet-le-Duc στο βιβλίο του-“principle”: “Discourses of among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great “principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with the definition of the content of concepts. Aesthetics” (1862-’72) υποστηρίζει ότι υπάρχουν δύο τρόποι για να είσαι acquisition of knowledge starts with the definition of the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term αληθινός στην αρχιτεκτονική τέχνη: Πρώτον, να είσαι αληθινός σύμφωνα με 1 (and urban therefore, on this “principle” inindicated a first,σύμφωνα if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) is area ofτις Planning) (or gentrification τις Based, ανάγκες προγράμματος. Δεύτερον, με μεθόδους 1του gentrification (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various κατασκευής. Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways),—ofΣεsocial groups, low-income and the placement artists, σχέση με τοusually πρώτοofπρέπει να εξυπηρετείς ακριβώςthere και of απλά τις ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”, regardless of προϋποθέσεις σε σχέση με τις ανάγκες. the operation ofconsequences art galleries, restaurants, etc.also However this “change”, regardless of whatever other has, results rising of land prices (and the — Σε σχέση με την κατασκευή πρέπει να υπηρετείς τα υλικά σύμφωνα με whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative τις ποιότητες και δυνατότητες τους. potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first inμορφολογικές the UK in early 1960s and it refers to αισθητικές και είναι TheΚαλλιτεχνικές, term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in earlyαναζητήσεις 1960s and itareas refers the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor ofto δευτερεύουσες. the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old residents areof Η ανάδειξη του κενού χώρου, London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. όπως π.χ. στην Αρχαία Ελληνική Αρχιτεκτονική, στην παραδοσιακή being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth Ιαπωνική Αρχιτεκτονική, στην Mies van στην A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations includedτου inwere the work of de Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while αρχιτεκτονική similar recorded in Rohe, other major αρχιτεκτονική του Zumthor, κτλ. GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities inΗWestern countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. έμφαση στην πνευματικότητα θεολογικής Since then, the issue has several μέσω scholarsμιας and for its more Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars andμε for its more προσέγγισης. Μεγάλη έμφαση στη σχέση του χώρου τοvarious φως. comprehensive approach areπροσδίδεται being summarized below, from the comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, following: στερεών και Η έμφαση στην αφαιρετική απλότητα τωνthe γεωμετρικών interpretations of the phenomenon of thecategory following: Inελάχιστη a sense, the phenomenon is due togentrification, aπ.χ. trend a new of social groups την λειτουργία αυτών όπως οι of Πυραμίδες, η δοκός επί στύλου to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in του money στην Αρχαία Ελλάδα, η παραδοσιακή Αρχιτεκτονική, η αρχιτεκτονική Le and time toτου travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work Corbusier, Mies van der Rohe, του Oscar Niemeyer, κτλ. place is, lack of the termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the residencies outside centres, Η χρήση τωνdistributed υλικών όχι μόνο σε σχέση μεtown τις φυσικές τους ιδιότητες Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) αλλά το τι αντιπροσωπεύουν π.χ.leftστην Αρχαία Ελληνική ΑρχιτεκτονικήYouthμε Unemployment. The same year she Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of,μαρμάρου, “withdrawal” from private access to markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York came back to London, εξιδανίκευση του στην αρχιτεκτονική τουshe Mies Van der Rohe, του in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and Herzoq and de Meuron, του Alvaro Siza, κτλ. her social research. Her public action University College of London, where she continued and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her workΟare characterized by a passion justice. See ENGLISH ισότιμος χειρισμός τηςforδομής καιalso: τηςCOLLINS μορφής όπωςDICTIONARY. π.χ. στη and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: παραδοσιακή αρχιτεκτονική ή στην αρχιτεκτονική του Louis Kahn κτλ. G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually
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Η χρήση πρωταρχικών παγκόσμιων εκφράσεων όπως GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of αρχετυπικών Intervention, π.χ. στην Αρχιτεκτονική του Δημήτρη Πικιώνη, ή στους SANAA, κτλ. Definition, Types of Concerns of Gentrification Η ενεργοποίηση των αισθήσεων και τηςintervention, ατομικής εμπειρίας μέσα στα πλαίσια μιας φαινομενολογικής αντίληψης. Το φως, η ύλη, η σχέση μεταξύ χρήστη και χώρου εντείνεται. Concerns Η κίνηση, η αφή, το βλέμμα είναι σημαντικά
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στοιχεία στην πιο πάνω σχέση. Όπως π.χ. στη Βυζαντινή αρχιτεκτονική, στην αρχιτεκτονική του Tadao By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Ando ή στην αρχιτεκτονική του Zumthor, κτλ. Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, Η ερμηνεία του όρου μινιμαλισμός στην Ιαπωνική προσέγγιση, By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect of theπροέρχεται School of Architecture βασίζεται κύρια στην εμπειρία του κενούStudent η οποία από τη Technical University of Crete Βουδιστική παράδοση. Βασίζεται δηλαδή στο πνεύμα wabi και στις ιδέες του Ζεν, στις οποίες επιτυγχάνεται η προσωπική επιβεβαίωση και απελευθέρωση 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept μέσα1.από τον διαχωρισμό απόDefining τον υλικόthe κόσμο. Introductory approach: concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, Greek philosopher, Επηρεασμένη the απόancient την Ιαπωνική φιλοσοφία του Ζεν είναι η Αγγλική και ANTISTHENIS, theΟancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC,τέσσερα Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the η Σκανδιναβική σχολή. Άγγλος αρχιτέκτονας John(444 Pawson, έζησε among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. χρόνια στη χώρα αυτή και θήτευσε στη φιλοσοφία wabi. acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition of the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if not final, approach, the term Κατά τον John Pawson ο μινιμαλισμός είναι το τρίπτυχο απλότητα 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification (simplicity), αφαίρεση (reduction), ουσία (essence). 1 (and urban gentrification gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Μερικοί απόas the τους ορισμούς του όρου μινιμαλισμός από την Sociology as well), “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement Αγγλοσαξονική πλευρά όπως διατυπώνονται σε διάφορα άρθραthere είναι:ofofartists, ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”,there regardless of — Ελαχιστοποίηση των στοιχείων της Αρχιτεκτονικής με κύριαof the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the χαρακτηριστικά την απλότητα, has, την γραμμικότητα, τηνofελαχιστοποίηση των whatever otherspeculation). consequences results also rising land prices (and the potential relative χρωμάτων, του επιπέδου των λεπτομερειών. potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to — Ηterm τελειότητα και η ποιότητα τουinαντικειμένου επιτυγχάνεται μέσαto The gentrification found atpeople first the UK in early 1960s and itareas refers the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor of από την αφαίρεση και όταν όλα τα συνιστάμενα στοιχεία, λεπτομέρειες, the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof συνδέσεις ελαχιστοποιούνται στην ουσία τους. there and thus old residents are London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes being indirectly “squeezed”. — indirectly Ελαχιστοποίηση της αρχιτεκτονικής της ύλη, το being “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is includedστην in theπρωταρχική work of Sociologist Ruth χώρο, το φως και τη μάζα. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major αγγλικός μινιμαλισμός αναπτύχθηκε μέσαwere απόrecorded μικρότερα έργαmajor και GLASS at the same period, similar situations in other cities inΟWestern countries, bywhile other Researchers. κύρια μέσα από εσωτερικούς χώρους (εσωτερικά σπιτιών, boutiques, cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more galleries, με κύριους εκπρόσωπους τουbelow, τους David Chiperfield, Sinceεστιατόρια), then, the issue has several scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized from comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various John Pawson, Silvestrin και Tony Freton. interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: Εάν όλες τις πιο πάνω απόψεις τις εντάξουμε στο συγκεκριμένο In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new category of social groups χωροχρονικό περιβάλλον οποίο αναφέρονται, τότε high μπορεί να to “return” to the city, leavingστο the purlieus for several reasons: costsκανείς in money οδηγηθεί δύο προσεγγίσεις: and time toσεtravel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for was born in Η προσέγγιση που λέει ότι μετά από περιόδους κρίσης γίνεται sense1.of safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, better Berlin, where she her first studies. 1932 she published an important study entitled: ανακύκλωση τηςmade αρχιτεκτονικής καιInεπιστροφή σεheart αρχετυπικές μορφές. services of health, education, entertainment “at the of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for — and Αρχιτεκτονική των Αρχαίων χρόνων. lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the — Μοντερνισμός του ’20 σε αντιδιαστολή με την ακαδημαϊκή to another approach, the is due a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research. Her public action and ου long-term informal by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying (νεοκλασικισμός). αρχιτεκτονική του effort 19 αιώνα her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in — Μπρουταλισμός μετά το International Style και τηEncyclopedia: μεγάλη 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: Abstract. http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm aεμπορευματοποίηση variety of ways, in της order to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually αρχιτεκτονικής.
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
— Μινιμαλισμός του ’80 ως αποτέλεσμα της μεταμοντέρνας κοινωνίας και της μεταμοντέρνας αρχιτεκτονικής. Το 1996 οι επιμελητές της έκθεσης στη Βαρκελώνη με θέμα “Less is More” υποστήριξαν ότι, στην εξέλιξη της αρχιτεκτονικής πραγματικότητας υπάρχουν γεγονότα κρίσης όπου κυκλικά αναζητούν την επαναφορά των βασικών αρχών. Κατά τη γνώμη τους αυτό το ξανα-κοίταγμα έχει σαν αποτέλεσμα την επιστροφή στην αρχή, όπου η σημασία υπήρχε στην ουσία By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS και όχι στην διακόσμηση. Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, Κάποιοι από τους θεωρητικούς την περίοδο του μινιμαλισμού Byθεωρούν Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect σαν επανάληψη του μοντέρνου κινήματοςStudent του ’20, ενώ κάποιοι άλλοι of the School of Architecture υποστηρίζουν ότι αποτελεί το τελευταίο σκαλί του μοντέρνου των αρχών του Technical University of Crete ου 20 αιώνα. 1. Introductory approach: Defining the εντοπίζονται concept Παρ’ όλα αυτά οι βασικές διαφορές στα εξής: 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept — Οι αρχές τουthe μοντέρνου κινήματος και κάποιες εφαρμογές του ANTISTHENIS, ancient Greek philosopher, (444από BCτις - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he(ιδεολογικός left us, he established a great the είχαν σαν στόχο την κοινωνία στόχος). (444 among wise heritage he leftthe us, he established a great the acquisition of knowledge starts with definition of theγίνεται content of“principle”: concepts. — Ηother αρχιτεκτονική κατά την περίοδο αυτή, πιο άυλη, αφού acquisition of knowledge starts with the definition of the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term χρησιμοποιεί σαν βασικές προϋποθέσεις και συνθετικά υλικά (τον ήλιο, το 1 (and urban therefore, on this “principle” inindicated a first, ifδομή notthe final, approach, theνέων term gentrification) is (in of (or gentrification φως,Based, τον αέρα, το πράσινο). Η κατασκευαστική τηςarea με τηPlanning) χρήση 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the of a city area, theτης removal from this, δοκός (in various υλικών αναπαράγει την“refining” κατασκευαστική δομή αρχαιότητας επί Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), ofεπιτυγχάνοντας social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement στύλου, ελευθερία στο χώρο. ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of — Η έκφραση των χαρακτηριστικών του μινιμαλισμού δημιουργείται the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the κατά την περίοδο άνθησης της μεταμοντέρνας εποχής και κοινωνίας. whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative Κατά την περίοδο δηλαδή όπου η κοινωνία σε όλες τις εκφάνσεις της potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to χαρακτηρίζεται: The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960spoor and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property — Από τη μαζική κουλτούρα με παραπροϊόντα το kitsch,in το λαϊκισμό και the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof την απογείωση των υλικών αγαθών. London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly — indirectly Από τον“squeezed”. καπιταλισμό και τον άκρατο νεοφιλελευθερισμό being “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth Την απουσία ιδεολογιών. A—description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar inιδεολογικών other major Οι at διαφορές δηλαδή κύρια εντοπίζονται στην απουσία GLASS the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. στόχων στηνcountries, αποκλειστική αναφορά του αρχιτεκτονικού προϊόντος στη cities inκαι Western bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more μέσηSince και ανώτερη αστική τάξη και όχι στην ευρύτερη κοινωνία.and for its more then, the issue has several below, scholars comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized from the various Η δεύτερη προσέγγιση υποστηρίζει ότι ο μινιμαλισμός δεν έρχεται σε comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: αντίθεση με τη μοντέρνα κοινωνία αλλά είναι προϊόν αυτής. Είναι δηλαδή interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups έκφραση αρχιτεκτονικής μόδας και αλλαγής γούστου. to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money Κατά τον Jenks μινιμαλισμός είναι η έκφραση της αστικής and time to travel from οthe purlieus to downtown, where work place is, τάξης lack ofστη the νεωτερικότητα. Αφορά δηλαδή το “life-style” των πλουσίων. termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter bornΗin sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, where she made her first studies. Inεμπεριέχεται 1932 she published important study πνευματικότητα μινιμαλισμού στηνan τωνentitled: πιο services of health, του education, entertainment “at the heart ofυλικότητα the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for ακριβών εμπορικών αντικειμένων. lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, Ο she Jenks, ότι τα μινιμαλιστικά κτήρια σαν φυσικά αντικείμενα in According 1943 published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 she teacher in the toθεωρεί another approach, the is due tobecame a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research. Her public action and καθορίζονται από τη δική τους αυτόνομη μορφολόγιση σ’ ένα νεωτερικό long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. στυλ. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Student of the School of Architecture Technical University of Crete
1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept 1. Introductory approach: the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the acquisition of knowledge the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on “principle” indefinition a first, if of not final, approach, the term Αναφέρονται δε this σεstarts όλεςwith τιςthe ανθρώπινες εκφράσεις και αισθήσεις, 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term (and urban gentrification) is indicated the των area χώρων of Planning) (or gentrification ιδιαίτερα την αναψυχή και ξεκούραση με ιδιαίτερη (in μνεία εκείνων 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as theαντικειμένων “refining” of aτους city area, the removal this, (in various και των απαραίτητων σε σχέση με την from αναζωογόνηση του Sociology asσώματος. well), as the of a city area, fromthere this, of (in various ways), of social groups, usually of αυτοί, low-income andthe theremoval placement artists, ανθρώπινου Οι“refining” χώροι οι οποίοι είναι πολύ της μόδας, είναι οι ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of διαφόρων τύπων χώροι spa. the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the Αποτελούν δηλαδή, μέρος όλης αυτής της καταναλωτικής προσπάθειαςof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative αναπαραγωγής των υλικών αγαθών μέσα από παροδικές μόδες. potential relative speculation). TheΣτην term gentrification is found first in the UK early 1960s and it refers υπηρεσία αυτού του atμηχανισμού καιin συστήματος είναι και to η The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor διαφήμιση μέσα από τα περιοδικά αρχιτεκτονικά και μη, ξεκινώντας από το the then observed trend of wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stayφτάνοντας themselves and thus old residents areof κέλυφος ενός κτηρίου και μέχρι και το there πιο μικρό αντικείμενο. London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. Το ερώτημα του τίτλου επανατοποθετείται και διευρύνεται. Μήπως οι being indirectly “squeezed”. description of this phenomenon is included the work of Sociologist Ruth δύοAA αυτές προσεγγίσεις που αναφέρθηκαν πιοinin πάνω αντιπροσωπεύουν τη description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar were in other major 1 θεωρία (ουσία) η πρώτη και το στυλ (μόδα) η δεύτερη; GLASS at the same period, situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, bywhile othersimilar Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more Βιβλιογραφία Since then, the issue has several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized from comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: -Kenneth Frampton, Modern Architecture. A critical History, Thames & interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new category of social groups Hudson world of city, Art, leaving 2007. the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money to “return” to the -William J. R. Curtis, Modern Architecture since 1900, Press and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, wherePhaidon work place is, 1996. lack of the -Vladimir Stevanovic, A reading of interpretative modes of minimalism inin termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, where she made her 10/12/2013. first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: Architecture, Διαδίκτυο, services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”,movements (possibly)for Youth Unemployment. TheNew same year she left Germany and after continuous -Charles Jencks, The Paradigm in car Architecture: The Language of lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private easier access to markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back to London, Postmodernism, Yalestudies University Press, New Haven, 2002. in According 1943 she published regarding city planning. In London, 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the phenomenon is due a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research. Her public action and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: Abstract. http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually 1
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Περί ελευθεριών GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, βάσει των Χαρτών Συμβ. της Ευρώπης και της Ε.Ε. Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Της κυρίας Άρτεμ. Δ. ΣΑΒΒΙΔΟΥ Concerns
Μέλους Ειδ. Διδ. Προσωπ. Πανεπιστημίου ΝΕΑΠΟΛΙΣ, Πάφος Υποψήφ. Διδάκτ., Δικηγόρου
By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, 1 Ελευθερία του συνέρχεσθαι συνεταιρίζεσθαι Byκαι Mr.του George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect 1. Κάθε πρόσωπο έχει δικαίωμα στην ελευθερία του Student of the School of Architecture Technical Universityσε of όλα Crete συνέρχεσθαι ειρηνικώς και στην ελευθερία του συνεταιρίζεσθαι
τα επίπεδα, ιδίως στον πολιτικό και στον συνδικαλιστικό τομέα, καθώς 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept και 1.στους τομείς που αναφέρονται στον Πολίτη, πράγμα που Introductory approach: the concept ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), συνεπάγεται το δικαίωμα κάθε προσώπου να ιδρύει ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370με BC,άλλους Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the συνδικαλιστικές ενώσεις και να προσχωρεί σε αυτές για την among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. υπεράσπιση συμφερόντων acquisition ofτων knowledge starts withτου. theindefinition the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 Πολιτικά Based, therefore, on Κόμματα, this “principle” a first, ifτης notΈνωσης, final, approach, the term 2. Τα στο isin επίπεδο (and urban gentrification) indicated (in the area ofσυμβάλλουν Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as theπολιτικής “refining” ofβούλησης a city area, the removal from this, various στην έκφραση της των Πολιτών της (in Ένωσης Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of12). social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement (άρθρο ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of Οι διατάξεις της παραγράφου 1 αντιστοιχούν στις διατάξεις του the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the άρθρου 11 της ΕΣΔΑ, έχοντας ταυτόσημη έννοια με εκείνες, ενώ η whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative παράγραφος 2 του άρθρου 12 αντιστοιχεί στο άρθρο 191 της Συνθήκες potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to για την ίδρυση της Ευρωπαϊκής Κοινότητας, παράγραφος 4 του The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK νυν in early 1960s and itareas refers the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor ofto άρθρου 10 της Συνθήκης για την Ευρωπαϊκή Ένωση. the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof London, upgrade them, stay themselves Ελευθερία της Τέχνης και της sometimes Επιστήμηςthere and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”. A description is included in the work Η Τέχνηof this καιphenomenon η επιστημονική έρευνα είναιof Sociologist ελεύθερες.Ruth Η A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the ελευθερία same whileσεβαστή similar were in other major ακαδημαϊκή είναι (άρθροin 13). GLASS at the same period, similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, bywhile other Researchers. Το εν λόγω δικαίωμα δύναται να ασκείται ακωλύτως εντός των cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then, the issue1has several scholars and for its more πλαισίων του άρθρου του Χάρτη. Since then, the issue has several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized from Δικαίωμα approach εκπαίδευσης comprehensive are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: 1. Κάθε πρόσωπο έχει δικαίωμα στην εκπαίδευση και στην interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new category of social groups πρόσβαση στην επαγγελματική και συνεχή κατάρτιση. to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money Το δικαίωμα αυτό toπεριλαμβάνει την ευχέρεια δωρεάν and time2.to travel from the purlieus downtown, where work place is, lack of the 1.of The termat comes fromυποχρεωτικής Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in παρακολούθησης εκπαίδευσης. sense safety the της distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) 3. Η ελευθερία ίδρυσης εκπαιδευτικών μεmovements σεβασμόfor Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and ιδρυμάτων after continuous lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access to markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car New York she cameτων back to London, των δημοκρατικών αρχών καθώς και το easier δικαίωμα γονέων να in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research. Her public action and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying 1 are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. her work Τοreal κείμενο αποτελεί μέρος εκτενούς εργασίας τηςofΣυγγραφέως υπό τονweb, τίτλο: and selling estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially part of the urban in 10th edit. Wil. COLLINS SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: Οι ειδικώτερες ρυθμίσεις περί Ανθρωπίνων Δικαιωμάτων του Συμβουλίου της Ευρώπης G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually
και της Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης. Πάφος, 2017.
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
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εξασφαλίζουν την εκπαίδευση και τη μόρφωση των τέκνων τους σύμφωνα με τις θρησκευτικές, φιλοσοφικές και παιδαγωγικές πεποιθήσεις τους, γίνονται σεβαστά σύμφωνα με τις εθνικές νομοθεσίες που διέπουν την άσκησή τους (άρθρο 14). Το κείμενο του άρθρου απηχεί κοινές συνταγματικές προσεγγίσεις του θέματος από τα Κράτη Μέλη, αλλά και του άρθρου 2 George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS του Α΄ Προσθέτου Πρωτοκόλλου By τηςMr. ΕΣΔΑ. Harvard University, Graduate School η of προσθήκη Design, Student, Με την πάροδο των καιρών εκρίθη αναγκαία της By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect διάταξης περί επαγγελματικής και συνεχής κατάρτισης. Student of the School of Architecture Τέλος, με την διάταξη της παραγράφου Technical 3 η ελευθερία ίδρυσης University of Crete Εκπαιδευτικών Ιδρυμάτων κατοχυρώνεται ως έκφανση της 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept όμως εκ των ορίων του επιχειρηματικής ελευθερίας, οριοθετουμένη 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, σεβασμού των Δημοκρατικών αρχών. ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the Ελευθερία του επαγγέλματος και δικαίωμα(444 προς εργασία among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. 1. Κάθε πρόσωπο έχει δικαίωμα να εργάζεται καιofνα ασκεί το acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term επάγγελμα, οποίοonεπιλέγει ή αποδέχεται ελεύθερα. 1το Based, therefore, this “principle” inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term (and urban gentrification) is area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 2. Κάθε Πολίτης της Ένωσης είναι ελεύθερος να αναζητά gentrification (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various απασχόληση, να εργάζεται, να εγκαθίσταται ή να παρέχει υπηρεσίες σε Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement of artists, κάθε Κράτος the operation ofΜέλος. art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”,there regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever consequences has, results rising of land prices (andστο theof 3. other Οι υπήκοοι τρίτων χωρών πουalso έχουν άδεια να εργάζονται whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also risingσυνθηκών of land prices (and the potential relative έδαφος των Κρατών Μελών δικαιούνται εργασίας potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to αντίστοιχων με εκείνες που απολαύουν οι Πολίτες της Ένωσης (άρθρο The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor 15). the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old residents areof Η upgrade σημασία τουstay ωςthemselves άνω δικαιώματος, επιβεβαιωθέντος και υπό London, them, sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. πλήθους αποφάσεων του Δικαστηρίου, πρέπει να συνεκτιμηθεί σε being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth συνεκτιμηθεί σεofperiod, συσχετισμό και isμε τις ρυθμίσεις των άρθρων 45, A description this phenomenon included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar situations in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major (ελεύθερη κυκλοφορία των Εργαζομένων cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. εντός της Ένωσης) και 49, cities in Western countries, byεντός other Researchers. Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for για its more (ελεύθερη εγκατάσταση της Ένωσης) της Συνθήκης την Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various λειτουργία της Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης. comprehensive approach are being summarized from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thebelow, following: Η τρίτη παράγραφος του άρθρου εδράζεται επί της interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: In a sense, the1 phenomenon due to trend of a newΧ,category of social groups παραγράφου του άρθρουis153 εκaτου τίτλου Κοινωνική Πολιτική, to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money της Συνθήκης για την λειτουργία της Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης. and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the Ζητήματα κατά τηνGLASS, πρόσληψη καταγομένων termat comes from Sociologist Ruth 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety theγεννώνται distributed residencies outside townατόμων centres, for Berlin, where Κρατών she made her first studies. In 1932 she publishedΚράτους an important study entitled: εκ Τρίτων σε πλοία φέρονται σημαία Μέλους της services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for Ένωσης. lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, in According 1943Επιχειρηματική she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the ελευθερία to another approach, the is due a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research. Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of με buying Η informal επιχειρηματική ελευθερία αναγνωρίζεται σύμφωνα το her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling real estate, etc., depreciation initially of partπρακτικές of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. COLLINS SONS AND Co Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: Δίκαιο της Ενωσης καιfor τιςtheΕθνικές νομοθεσίες και (άρθρο Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a16). variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually
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Το δικαίωμα αυτόTypes τελούν υπό το καθεστώς του υγιούς GENTRIFICATION Definition, of Intervention, ανταγωνισμού, είναι ενδεχόμενο και υπόκειται, (υπό προϋποθέσεις) σε Definition, Types of intervention, Concerns of περιορισμό εφαρμογής βάσει τηςGentrification παραγράφου1 του άρθρου 52 του Χάρτη: Κάθε περιορισμός πρέπει να προβλέπεται από νόμο και να Concerns σέβεται το βασικό περιεχόμενο του δικαιώματος ή της ελευθερίας…
Είναι αυτονόητο, ότι σε κάθε περίπτωση κατά την άσκηση του George-Sp.οιC. ATHANASOPOULOS εν λόγω δικαιώματος πρέπει By ναMr. τηρούνται αρχές του υγιούς Harvard University, Graduate School Design, Student, ανταγωνισμού τόσο σε επίπεδο Κράτους Μέλους, όσοofκαι σε επίπεδο By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης (εάν όχι και εκτόςStudent αυτήςofτηρουμένων κανόνων the School of Architecture 2 άλλης έννομης τάξης) . Technical University of Crete Το Δικαστήριο έχει αναγνωρίσει με σειρά αποφάσεών του την 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept ή Νομικών Οντοτήτων ελευθερία άσκησης υπό φυσικών Προσώπων 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the Ένωσης ancient Greek δρώντων εντός της την philosopher, ελευθερία άσκησης οικονομικής ή ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, among other heritage he left us,συναφούς) he established a great the 3. Athens), εμπορικής (ήwise και άλλης προφανώς δραστηριότητας among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. Δικαίωμα ιδιοκτησίας acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term 1. Κάθε δικαιούται είναι των νομίμως 1 (andπρόσωπο Based, therefore, on this “principle” inindicated aνα first, if (in notκύριος final, approach, the term urban gentrification) is the area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 κτηθέντων αγαθών του, να τα χρησιμοποιεί, να τα διαθέτει και να τα gentrification (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various κληροδοτεί. Κανείς δεν μπορεί να στερείται την ιδιοκτησία του, παρά Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and περιπτώσεις thethis placement of artists, μόνον για λόγους δημόσιας ωφέλειας, στις και υπό τις the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”,there regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results rising land prices (and και theof προϋποθέσεις που προβλέπονται στοalso νόμο καιofέναντι δίκαιης whatever otherspeculation). consequences has,απώλειά results also rising of land των pricesαγαθών (and the potential relative έγκαιρης αποζημίωσης για την της. Η χρήση potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to μπορεί να υπόκειται σε περιορισμούς από το νόμο, εφόσον αυτό είναι The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor αναγκαίο προς το γενικό συμφέρον. the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old residents areof 2. Η διανοητική ιδιοκτησία προστατεύεται (άρθρο 17). London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. Το κείμενο απηχεί συναφείς ρυθμίσεις πολλών Εθνικών being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth 4, όπως του similar Ελληνικού, άρθρο 17recorded «η ιδιοκτησία τελεί Συνταγμάτων A description ofperiod, thisπ.χ. phenomenon is situations included inwere the work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major υπό in την προστασία του Κράτους…», του Βελγικού, άρθρο 11, του cities Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. Since then, the issue has preoccupied several and for its more Γαλλικού, άρθρο 34, του Γερμανικού, άρθρο 14,scholars του Δανικού, Κεφάλαιο Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various Η΄, παράγραφος 73 κ.ά. comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations the phenomenon ofστο gentrification, following: Ακόμη,of περιλαμβάνεται άρθρο the 1 του Α΄ Προσθέτου interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: In a sense, theτης phenomenon is due a trend of a newτων category of social groups Πρωτοκόλλου Σύμβασης περίtoπροασπίσεως Δικαιωμάτων του to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money Ανθρώπου και των θεμελιωδών Ελευθεριών και έχει ως εξής: and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, 2 Berlin, where she madeΑρτ. her first studies. InΘέματα 1932 she published an Ρυθμίσεις important study entitled: Βλ.health, σχετικώς: Δ. ΣΑΒΒΙΔΟΥ: Ανταγωνισμού: Ευρωπαϊκής services of education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for Ένωσης και Κρατών Αθήναι, 2014, 15and επόμ. lower living cost of,Μελών. “withdrawal” from σ. private car access markets, etc.where studies Neweasier York she came to back to London, 3and research in Geneva, Prague, London ης ης Βλ.published σχετικές αποφάσεις τηςthe 14phenomenon Μαΐου 1974: υπόθεση 4/73, της in 27the in According 1943 she studies regarding city planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher to another approach, is due a systematic and ης University informal College London, where she her social Her public and Οκτωβρίου 1999,research. υπόθεσηbrokers C-240/97 κ.ά. Σεπτεμβρίου 1979: of υπόθεση 230/78, τηςcontinued 5 groups, long-term effort by organized manufacturers, ofaction buying 4 are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. her work Περί Ελλάδος βλ. ακόμη: Βουλή των Ελλήνων, Ε΄ Αναθεωρητική: Πρακτικά των and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: Βουλής τουAbstract. Συντάγματος 1975, Αθήναι, Αύγουστος 1975, άρθρο 17 σ. Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm aΣυζητήσεων variety ofτης ways, in επί order to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually 442, 455, 555, 601, άρθρο 111 σ. 1030,1033, 1037, 1045, 1088.
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«Παν φυσικόν ή νομικόν πρόσωπον δικαιούται σεβασμού της GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, περιουσίας του. Ουδείς δύναται να στερηθή της ιδιοκτησίας αυτού ειμή Definition, Types intervention, Concerns ofκαιGentrification δια λόγους δημοσίας ωφελείας υπόof τους προβλεπομένους υπό του νόμου και των γενικών αρχών του διεθνούς δικαίου όρους. Concerns Αι προαναφερόμεναι διατάξεις δεν θίγουσι το δικαίωμα παντός
Κράτους, όπως θέση εν ισχύι Νόμους ους ήθελε κρίνει αναγκαίον προς By Mr. George-Sp. ATHANASOPOULOS ρύθμισιν της χρήσεως αγαθών συμφώνως προς τοC.δημόσιον συμφέρον Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, ή προς εξασφάλισιν της καταβολής φόρων ή άλλων εισφορών ή By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect προστίμων». Student of the School of Architecture Πέραν αυτών το δικαίωμα ιδιοκτησίας Technical έχει αναγνωρισθεί με University of Crete σειρά αποφάσεων του Δικαστηρίου, και ιδίως με την απόφασή του της 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept Δεκεμβρίου 1979, (υπόθεση HAUER). 13ης 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, philosopher, Πτυχή τουtheενancient λόγωGreek δικαιώματος αποτελεί «η διανοητική ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the ιδιοκτησία», επίσης προστατευομένη, υπό τις διάφορες εκφάνσεις της, among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a great5of“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. , ofυπό μορφή όπως Λογοτεχνική, Καλλιτεχνική εν γένει,of Μουσική acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if not final, approach, the term ευρεσιτεχνίας, σήματος προϊόντος ή is υπηρεσίας κ.ά. 1 (and Based, therefore, on this “principle” inindicated a first, if (in not final, approach, the term urban gentrification) the area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 Τέλος, σημειώνεται ότι Κράτη τινά Μέλη της Ε.Ε., όπως π.χ. gentrification (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Δανία βάσει του Πρωτοκόλλου 32, διετήρησαν ίδια νομοθεσία για την Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement of artists, ιδιοκτησία δευτερεύουσας κατοικίας. the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”,there regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof Δικαίωμα ασύλου whatever other consequences has, results alsoτηρουμένων rising of landτων prices (and the potential relative speculation). Το δικαίωμα ασύλου διασφαλίζεται κανόνων potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to ης της Σύμβασης της Γενεύης της 28 Ιουλίου 1951 και του Πρωτοκόλλου Theηςterm gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor της Ιανουαρίου 1967 wealthy περί του καθεστώτος των προσφύγων καιof the 31 then observed trend people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes and thus old residents are σύμφωνα με τη Συνθήκη για την Ευρωπαϊκή Ένωση και τη Συνθήκη για London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. τη λειτουργία της Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης (εφεξής οριζόμενες ως «οι being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth Συνθήκες»), 18. phenomenon A description ofperiod, this is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at theάρθρο same while similar in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major Το άρθρο απηχεί τις ρυθμίσεις των άρθρων 78 και 79 της cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied otherτης Researchers. Since then, issue has several scholars andαποδίδονται for its more Συνθήκης για the την λειτουργία Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης, Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for various its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the την αντίστοιχη ρύθμιση του άρθρου 63 της Συνθήκης περί Ευρωπαϊκής comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations Κοινότητας. of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new category of social groups Ουσιαστικώς πρόκειται περί αποδοχής της Σύμβασης της to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money Γενεύης περί Προσφύγων. and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the Το κείμενο του βασίστηκε στο άρθρο 63 search της Συνθήκης term from άρθρου Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth GLASS wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety atcomes the distributed residencies outside town centres, for Berlin, where she made αντικατασταθεί her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: ΕΚ, που έχει πλέον από το άρθρο 78 της Συνθήκης για services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for τη λειτουργία της Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης, τοeasier οποίο επιβάλλει στην lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private access to markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and car New York she came back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research. Her public action and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying 5 are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. her work Βλ.real καιestate, Const. DARAMARAS: Copyright and Challenges to Copyright: the web, case of and selling for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban in 10th edit. Wil. COLLINS etc., SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: piracy and private copying. Αθήναι, 1998, σ. 112. Έκδοση Κέντρου Επιμόρφ. Μελετ., G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually
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Έρευνας, Ανάπτυξης. Πρόλογος Καθηγητού Κωνστ. ΓΕ. ΑΘΑΝΑΣΟΠΟΥΛΟΥ.
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ΕνωσηTypes την τήρηση Σύμβασης της Γενεύης περί GENTRIFICATION Definition, ofτηςIntervention, των προσφύγων. Είναι σκόπιμη η παραπομπή στις Definition, Types of intervention, Concerns ofτων Gentrification διατάξεις Πρωτοκόλλων σχετικά με το Ηνωμένο Βασίλειο και την Ιρλανδία που είναι Concerns προσαρτημένα στις Συνθήκες, καθώς και με τη
Δανία, για να προσδιορισθεί σε ποιο βαθμό τα εν Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS λόγω κράτηByμέλη εφαρμόζουν εν προκειμένω το Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, δίκαιο της Ένωσης και σε ποιο βαθμό το ενStudent, λόγω By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect άρθρο εφαρμόζεται Student σε αυτά τα κράτη μέλη. Το of the School of Architecture άρθρο αυτό τηρεί το πρωτόκολλο σχετικά με το Technical University of Crete άσυλο, το οποίο είναι προσαρτημένο στις 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept Συνθήκες. 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, Προστασία σε περίπτωση απομάκρυνσης, ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us,έκδοσης he established(444 a great the απέλασης και among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. 1. Απαγορεύονται οι ομαδικές απελάσεις. acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term 2.“principle” Κανείς δεν μπορεί να απομακρυνθεί, να 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this inindicated a first, if (in not final, approach, the term gentrification) is the area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 απελαθεί ήofνα εκδοθεί προς κράτος όπου διατρέχει gentrification (and urban gentrification) isarea, indicated (in thefrom area of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” a city the removal this, (in various σοβαρό κίνδυνο να του επιβληθεί η ποινή του Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, usually ofήlow-income and the placement of artists, θανάτου να υποβληθεί σεthis βασανιστήρια ή άλλη the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”,there regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of landήprices (and theof απάνθρωπη ή εξευτελιστική ποινή μεταχείριση, whatever otherspeculation). consequences potential relative άρθρο 19.has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative speculation). The term gentrification isΠερί foundτων at first in the UKαπελάσεων in early 1960sγίνεται and it refers to ομαδικών λόγος The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor στο of υπ΄αριθμόν 4. Πρωτόκολλο της ΕΣΑΔ, άρθρο 4. the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves and thus old residents areof Η παράγραφος 1 του άρθρου αυτού έχει την London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. έννοια και την ίδια in εμβέλεια άρθρο 4Ruth του being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of thisίδια phenomenon is included the workμε ofτο Sociologist πρόσθετου πρωτοκόλλου αριθ. 4 της ΕΣΑΔ όσον A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major αφορά τις ομαδικές απελάσεις. Στόχος της είναι να cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then, the issue has several scholarsθα andβασίζεται for its more εξασφαλισθεί ότι κάθε απόφαση σε Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various ειδική εξέταση και ότι δεν θα είναι δυνατόν να comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, following: αποφασίζεται με ενιαίο the μέτρο η απέλαση όλων interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trendπου of a new category of social groups των προσώπων έχουν την ιθαγένεια to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money συγκεκριμένου κράτους (βλέπε επίσης το άρθρο and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the 13Sociologist του residencies Συμφώνου για1912-1940. τα ατομικά και πολιτικά termat comes from Ruth GLASS, Ruth search GLASS wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed outside town centres, for Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: δικαιώματα). services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for παράγραφος ενσωματώνει αποφάσεις του lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private car easier access markets, etc. studies and research Geneva,Η Prague, London and2 New York she came to back to London, where in According 1943 she published studies regarding city planning. In 1950 she teacher του in the Ευρωπαϊκού Δικαστηρίου των Δικαιωμάτων to another approach, the phenomenon is due tobecame a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research. Her public action and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, buying Ανθρώπου όσον αφορά το άρθροbrokers 3 τηςof ΕΣΑΔ, her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: 1996 Συλλ. 1996, Απόφαση τηςLondon 17ης Δεκεμβρίου G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually VI, σ.Abstract. 2206, Ahmed κατά Αυστρίας,….. 252153 11
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect StudentМАРИА of the School of Architecture Ευγενία-Μαρία ΑΘΑΝΑΣΟΠΟΥΛΟΥ / ЕВГЕНИЯ АФАНАСОПУЛУ Technical University of Crete
54
Ανθρωπολογικές και Επικοινωνιακές Προσεγγίσεις της Μουσικής 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept 1. Introductory approach: the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, ANTISTHENIS, ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, Alexander he established a great the Τοthe Μυστήριο του Scriabin among other wiseΜία heritage he left us, he established a great “principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with the definition of the content of concepts. κριτική ερμηνευτική προσέγγιση acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification ΔΙΑΠΙΣΤΩΣΕΙΣ 1 (and urban gentrification) gentrification is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ,, Краткое Выводы” ways), of social groups, usually ofсодержание low-income and thethis placement of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”,there regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative «Мистериа» была продолжением Скрябина.Через это potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in theличности UK in early 1960s and it refers to произведении композитор попытался выразить свои The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property inфилософские poor the then trend of wealthy people to there buy property in poor areas взгляды иobserved поделиться ими со своейsometimes аудиторией. London, upgrade them, stay themselves and thus old residents areof London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. Вbeing «Предварительном Деиствии» Скрябин сделал попытку объяснить indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth A description ofperiod, thisмузыкальное phenomenon isизображение included inwere theженского work of Sociologist Ruth необъяснимое через и other мужского GLASS at the same while similar situations recorded in major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major начала, идеи мифа «Эрос и Психея» в то время как в «Божественной cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more Поэме» и «Поэме Экстаза» композитор пытался соединить музыку и Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various поэзию. comprehensive approach are being summarized from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thebelow, following: interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: In a sense, the phenomenon is due toСкрябин a trend ofможет a new category of social groups В «Предварительном Деиствии» быть хочет выразить to “return” toЭго the city, leaving времени. the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money отсутствие и понятия and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, Ruth search GLASS was born in sense safety the distributed residencies outside centres, better Затем вдохновленный древним мифом о1912-1940. «town Прометее» он for написал Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) музыку, основанную подвигах героя, чтобы воспетьfor Youth Unemployment. The на same year she leftмифического Germany and after continuous movements lower living cost of,человеческои “withdrawal” from private car access markets, etc.where studies research in Geneva, Prague, London and которые Neweasier York she came to back to London, сили и and подвиги сущности могли бы приблизить in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and человека к божественному началу. University College of London, where she continued her social research. Her public action and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: Композитор выразил свои философские идеи через музыкальные Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm aмотивы variety ofпоэтических ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually пометок и комментариев в касательно 2521 11
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, динамичности произведения. Музыка Скрябина тесно переплетается с Definition, Types of intervention, Concerns of Gentrification его философскими идеями. Concerns Что касается работы пад «Мистерией» и её составными частями
важную роль сыграли философские тексты в духе того времени, By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS оказавшие огромное влияние на композитора.
Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Символизм, теософия, эсхатология как характерная черта Architect эпохи, Student of the School of Architecture западная и индийская философия составляли идейную и социальную Technical University of Crete
основу творчества композитора.
1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept
Скрябин пытался approach: приблизиться к теургии через(444 своё произведение. Он 1. Introductory the concept ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, BC - 370 BC, Athens), сам имелцель стать теургом и руководить действием в, ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC«Мистерии». -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the
among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the «acquisition Прометей» или «Поэма Огня» этоindefinition сочинение выходящее пределы of knowledge starts with the the content of за concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term музыки через которое композитор намерем повлиять на свою 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term (or gentrification (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) 1 аудиторию. gentrification (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, Световая строка партитуры определяем философскую и музыкальную ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”, regardless of оснобу произведения. Но главной целью композитора было заставить the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof whatever other consequences has,иresults also rising of land prices (and the аудиторию переживать деиствие участвовать в нём. potential relative speculation). potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to Музыка выражает первоначальный хаос перед творением, The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas рождением,болей мыслью, пробуждением сознания, радостью жизин, London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes thus old residents are любовью,грустью сильным желанием,there and долью любовью, being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this is included inначало the work через of Sociologist самореализацией и phenomenon в итоге творческое смертьRuth и A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major возрождение. GLASS at the same period, situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, bywhile othersimilar Researchers. cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more Скрябин пытался создать радикально новое музыкальное произведение Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for various its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the с используя своё видение гармоний, свои тональности и цвета. comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: In a sense, the phenomenon можно is due toвыделить a trend of aбиполярност, new category ofсинестесию, social groups В соченении композитора to “return” to the city, leaving аккорд the purlieus for several costs in money мистик корд-Прометеев которые он reasons: связал high с философским and time to travel fromиспользовал the purlieus to downtown, where workкак place is, lack of the символизмом.Он такие понятия, смерть и 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, возрождение, свет и тьма, экстаз, таинственный зов.... Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car access markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London Neweasier York she came to back to London, Он постоянно работал над формой и and структурой своих произведений. in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and Не исключено,что он использовал части своихresearch. композиций не втех University College of London, where she continued her social Her public action and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. also: COLLINS Музыка ENGLISH DICTIONARY. роизведениях для которых он их писалSee изначально. которую and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: сочинял шлавсовокупности с http://www.uncanny.net/ отдельной философской идеей.(actually Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: wetzel/gentry.htm aон variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, 252155 11
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Гармония Скрябина была новаторской в истории Русской Музыки и Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification стала уникальним феноменом как считала В.Дернова (1979:449). Concerns Очень сложно отнести последние произведения Скрябина к
определённому хронологическому периоду так на пример для By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS «Мистерии» характерна как тональная так и атональная музыка! Скрябин первым музыке.
Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS создал «tastieraBy perMr.luce» и использовал цвета Architect в своей Student of the School of Architecture Technical University of Crete
Тем самым он approach: внёс огромный в развитие технологического 1. Introductory Definingвклад the concept процесса. 1. Introductory approach: the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher,
ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the Но несмотря на быстрое развитие технологий их недостаточно among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a было greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the чтобы полностью осуществить идею «Мистерии» какofтого хотел acquisition of knowledge starts with the the content concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” indefinition a first, if of not final, approach, the term Скрябин. 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Вяч. Иванов считал чтоof low-income теургическая идея «Мистерии» была Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually andthe theremoval placement утопической невыполнимой, хотяetc. и However был со Скрябиным в ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andсогласен thethis placement there of artists, the operation ofиart galleries, restaurants, “change”, regardless of теургическом смысле искусства! the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative Если представить чтоis found идея at«Мистерии» это теургия это potential relative speculation). The term gentrification first in the UK in early 1960s andтогда it refers to произведение должно исполнено только один раз. Это The term gentrification found at first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refers the then observed trend ofisбыть wealthy people to buy property in poor ofto the then observed trend of wealthy sometimes people to there buy property inвыходило poor areas подтверждает мнение Вяч.Иванова. Произведение далеко заof London, upgrade them, stay themselves and thus old residents are London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are рамкиindirectly привычной формы искусства. being “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth A description ofperiod, thisв phenomenon is situations included inwere the work of Sociologist Ruth Очень важную роль осознаний «Мистерии» сыграли ключевые идеи GLASS at the same while similar recorded in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major Символизма говорили о радикальном обновлений через cities in Westernкоторые countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more творческое начало. Since then, the issue has several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized from comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various Скрябин имел целью помочь обществу он был вестник высокой interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: In a sense, theмысли. phenomenon is due toнесёт a trendвofсебе a new category of social groups философской «Мистерия» черты универсализма и to “return” toфилософский the city, leaving the purlieus for high costs in money глубокий контекст в several челом,reasons: из чего видно что and time to travel from theпод purlieus to downtown, work placeтекстов. is, lack of the композитор находился влиянием разныхwhere философских termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Это переносим в after мир continuous свободыmovements котораяfor Youthпроизведение Unemployment. The same year sheслушателя left Germany and lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access to markets, etc.where studies andнеотъемлимой research Geneva,частью Prague, London and car New York she cameсмысле back to London, является Гармонии вeasier широком которую in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and мы воспринимаем но where необязательно понимаем. Эту Her Гармонию мы University College of London, she continued her social research. public action and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH слышим в characterized Прометеевской «дерзости» композитора которыDICTIONARY. украл у and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: огонь созидания чтобы сотворить свою Поэму Огня- Мистерию. Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: Abstract. http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm aбогов variety of ways, in order to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Reflections on Hertfordshire Energy for Waste Definition, Types of intervention, Concerns ofDevelopment Gentrification Concerns Everything in excess is an enemy to nature”
[Πᾶν τὸ πολὺ τῇ φύσει πολέμιον] Hippocrates By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS 460-377 BC Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student,
By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Student of the School of Architecture Georgios - Spyridon Const. ATHANASOPOULOS Technical University of Crete
PhD Candidate Cambridge University, 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept Engineering Department 1. Introductory approach: the concept Master of Architecture Urban Design ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, (444 BC -in 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BCSchool -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), Harvard Graduate of Design among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the among other wise Bachelor heritage left us,definition he established a great the acquisition of knowledge startshe with the of the content of“principle”: concepts. of Architecture Technical University of Crete
acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term (or gentrification (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Sociology as well), the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, (in various In 2007 theasHertfordshire County Council announced its of 20-year ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement artists, ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, 1. One the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However thisAction “change”, regardless of long Joint Municipal Waste Management Strategy Plan of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof the mainrelative targets is to reduce the of waste up in landfill whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, amount results also rising ending of land prices (and the potential potential relative speculation). sites togentrification promote more sustainable ways with Theand term is found at first in the UKof in dealing early 1960s andmunicipal it refers to The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed to buy property in534,000 poor solid waste. In thetrend yearof2014/2015 the county produced tons the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof 2(also known as of local waste and 268,000 tons were residual waste London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”. black bag waste). To phenomenon meet the targets of the plan, in 2009 the council A description of this is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major announced a bid forperiod, the development of a waste disposal siteinthat could GLASS at the same while similar situations were recorded other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. implement energy fromhas waste facilities. In July 2011, theand Council cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then, the issue several scholars for itssigned more Since then, issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more a contract withthe Veolia for the development, construction andthe operation comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from various comprehensive approach are being summarized from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thebelow, following: located at New Barnfield, Hatfield. ofinterpretations an incineration plant3 to be of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new category of social groups However, thethe Communities Secretary refused permithigh planning July to “return” to city, leaving the purlieus for severalto reasons: costs inin money and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.of safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin,1http://www.hertfordshire.gov.uk/services/envplan/plan/hccdevplan/wasteplan/w where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for stdevfrmrk/wcsdmpd lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc. studies 2 and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back to London, where http://www.hertfordshire.gov.uk/services/envplan/waste/future/ in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and 3 University College of London, where she continued her social research. Her public action and For the purposes of this essay, the term “incineration” will be used to refer to long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. mass burning incineration process asdepreciation an energy See from waste(EfW) technology, which is and selling real estate, etc., for theCo initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. COLLINS SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: different from other waste thermal-treatment technologies that are suggested throughout G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually the pages of this document.
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
20144. Veolia came back with a revised proposal for an incinerator in Rye House, Hoddesdon with a capacity of processing 320,000 tons of waste per year that could generate 33.5MW of energy, enough to provide heat to approximately 69,000 houses5. The plant is expected to start operating in 2020 and construction to begin in 2017. In the next George-Sp. ATHANASOPOULOS pages, this latter developmentBy Mr. plan will beC.examined from a Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, sustainability point of view fromByvarious perspectives. What was the Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect main motivation from the Hertfordshire Student CountyofCouncil forofthis plan? the School Architecture Technical University of How did the public engage through the design process? What are Crete the 1. Introductory Defining the concept benefits from theapproach: operation? Are there any environmental impacts? Are 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, thesolutions ancient Greek philosopher, there any alternative to incineration? ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the The Hertfordshire County Council (from now on “principle”: HCC) clearly among other wise heritage leftthe us, he established a great acquisition of knowledge startshe with definition of the content of concepts. the acquisition of knowledge starts with thein definition of the content ofto concepts. bases thetherefore, need ofonthe suggested plan on ifthe necessity abandon Based, this “principle” a first, not final, approach, the term 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term 6 urban gentrification) is indicated (in the areapassage of Planning) (or gentrification landfilling. On(and HCC’s webpage one may find a dedicated under 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various the title “the problem with oflandfill”. Through the passage, we of can see Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually low-income andthe theremoval placement artists, ways), of social groups, ofactivities low-income and thethis placement of artists, cost estimations on usually landfill based on landfillthere taxes. The the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the environmental implications of landfill are also to be found right belowof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative the landfill’s cost claims. Governmental landfilling may potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in thepenalties UK in earlyfor 1960s and it refers to The term gentrification found atpeople first the UK in early 1960s and refersofto provide a starting point to look for in alternative solutions to itareas landfill, the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas of London, upgrade stay of themselves and thus open old residents however, it maythem, be arguable if a waste discussion should based are on London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. taxes. For sure, economic incentives can promote a dialogue, however, being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth A description this phenomenon issuch included inwere the recorded work Sociologist Ruth as far asatwaste isofconcerned, as ecology andofenvironmental GLASS the same period, whileissues similar situations in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western other Researchers. impacts may countries, be morebyby valuable to be tabled way earlier in the cities in Western countries, other Researchers. Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more discussion. Additionally, one may also have a look atfrom one of Since then, the issue has several scholars andthe forVeolia’s its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized below, various comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various 7 interpretations theone phenomenon of gentrification, following: (see fig. 1). The figures shownofin of their leaflets for the the project interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new category of social groups amount of taxes paid for landfill are demonstrated as the initiation of to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money the time development strategy. Thisto can lead to thework conclusion thatofthe and to travel from the purlieus downtown, where place is, lack the The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.of safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin,4http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-beds-bucks-herts-28216261 where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth5Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for http://www.veolia.co.uk/ [forfrom unknown reasons full link copies dotonot work-the lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back London, reader this essay can navigate through webpage by typing in According 1943 of she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. Veolia’s In 1950 she teacher in the to another approach, the is due tobecame a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research. Her public action and “www.veolia.co.uk/hertfordshire” on the web browser; all relevant information can be long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. found there] and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: 6 http://www.hertfordshire.gov.uk/services/envplan/waste/future/landfill/ G. ALEXANDRI: Abstract. http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually 7
58
Ibid http://www.veolia.co.uk/
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
project is based primarily on economic sustainability, and therefore this should be recognized as a weak sustainability claim. In comparison with the chart provided by Veolia, we should look at other sustainability diagrams that demonstrate different hierarchy approaches starting with ecology and finishing with economic liability. The Stockholm Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS fig. 2). Resilience Center provides a veryBy good example8 (see
Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Student of the School of Architecture Technical University of Crete
1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept 1. Introductory approach: the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term (or gentrification (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. Figure 1: A diagram is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon A description of this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth demonstrating thesimilar initial GLASS at the same period, while in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major strategy for by theother Researchers. cities in Western countries, cities in Western countries, by other Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more development ofpreoccupied the Researchers. Since then, the issue has preoccupied several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach are being summarized from Hertfordshire plant. The comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: reduction of landfilling interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: In a sense, and the phenomenon is dueistoaa trend of a new category of social groups its tax penalties to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money core issue. and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the http://www.veolia.co.uk/ term from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety atcomes the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research. Her public action and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: Abstract. http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually 8 http://www.stockholmresilience.org/
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Student of the School of Architecture Technical University of Crete
1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept 1. Introductory approach: the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the Figure 2:wise An heritage approach forleft sustainable development provided by the the among other us,definition he established a great acquisition of knowledge startshe with the of the content of“principle”: concepts. acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts. Stockholm Resilience Center.http://www.stockholmresilience.org/ Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term (or gentrification (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Sociology asVeolia well), as the “refining” of atrying city area, from this, (inartists, various Both and the HCC are to the engage with the public and ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and theremoval placement there of ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”, regardless of inform the residents on the development of the this project. From the early the operation ofconsequences art galleries, restaurants, etc.also However this “change”, regardless of whatever other has, results rising of land prices (and the stages of design multiple community meetings have been conducted to whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative allow substantial feedback involved parties and toitaddress potential relative speculation). Thefor term gentrification is foundfrom at firstthe in the UK in early 1960s and refers to The term gentrification found first in the UK in early 1960s andprojects, itareas refersofto anythen concerns of the members. Asatin most public infrastructure the observed trend ofiswealthy people to buy property in poor the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, is stayathemselves sometimes there and thus oldof residents areof public engagement crucial aspect; it is a necessity strategic London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. importance. However, in the case of the Rye House incineration plant, it being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth is worth mentioning the primary discussion is Veolia.Ruth It A description ofperiod, thisthat phenomenon is situations included inwere thefacilitator work of Sociologist GLASS at the same while similar recorded in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major is the company’s responsibility to organize the meetings, the cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Since then, composition, the issue has scholars and for its more participants’ and Researchers. to set several the gatherings’ agendas. The Since then, the issue has preoccupied several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach are being summarized from company provides very well documentation for all the meetings comprehensive approach are being summarized from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thebelow, following: 9. All community member concerns are written through its webpage interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new category of social groups down tidily.The thattheapurlieus company like reasons: Veolia may have great to “return” to the city,fact leaving for several high costs in money experience in coordinating and arranging thewhere nature of communications and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, work place is, lack of the 1. The term comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth GLASS wasbetter born sense of safety at the distributed residencies outside town centres, search for channels with the public can well be understood. However, it should bein Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. Thethe same yearof shethe left depositary Germany and after continuous movementsin for noted that assigning role of such a discussion lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, only oneshestakeholder that also will beplanning. responsible for the construction in According 1943 published studies regarding cityphenomenon In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research. Her public action and and operation can raise concerns regarding the way in which the public long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: Abstract. http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually 9
60
Ibid http://www.veolia.co.uk/
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
is involved in planning and design decisions. Perhaps it would have been far more effective if the discussion had been initiated way before the contractor’s participation in a local community level. In other words, the HCC could have opened the discussion with the public way before the development had reached the design stage. Additionally, third parties (non-governmental/waste treatment institutions) could By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS have also been involved to University, fertilize the discussion, asStudent, in all Harvard Graduate School ofsince Design, 10. By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect planning cases, pluralism can unlock multiple potential directions Student of the School of Architecture One of the main sustainability claims of the project is the Technical University of Crete production of energy. Once waste is fed inside the incinerator, the gases 1. Introductory approach:that Defining the concept create high temperatures can boil water and make a high-pressure 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, steam. On its turn, the steam is used to generate electricity through a ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the 11. Eventually, turbine the amount of the electricity aproduced is relevant among other wise heritage leftthe us, he established greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with definition of the content concepts. the toacquisition the mass waste put in the two main ofofknowledge starts withincinerator. theindefinition of the content ofby-products concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, ifThe not final, approach, the term 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term of the process are bottom ash and gas emissions. The volume of the (or gentrification (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), the “refining” city area,than the removal from this, of (in various bottom ash is as relatively wayof asmaller the volume waste Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of social of low-income andthe theremoval placement imported, andgroups, it can usually be reused as a construction material (e.g. asphalt). ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of Gas emissions are way more crucial than the bottom ash. For the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (andthis theof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results alsoplant, risingclaims of land that pricesany (andgas the project, AECOM, Veolia’s partner for the potential relative potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to emissions clearly meet the regulation guidelines. There has been a lot of The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor research regarding the wealthy emissions incinerators manyof the then observed trend peopleofto there buy property in and poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes and thus old residents are comparisons tothem, the stay emissions alternative thermal London, upgrade themselvesof sometimes there and thus old treatment residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectlyIt“squeezed”. technologies. highly complicated to extract crystal conclusions. A description ofisthis phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same similar situations recordedstandards in other major What should be period, noted while is that there are nowere common for GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. comparison between all the heat-based EfW technologies. Additionally, cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more it isSince very common that juxtaposing the different data provided by then, the issuewhen has several scholars and for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized below, from the comprehensive approach summarized various operators, results may turnare tobeing preferable directions andfrom thus,the research interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thebelow, following: interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: 12 In a sense, theeven phenomenon is due to a .trend of a new category of social groups methods may be questionable to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.of safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin,10where she P. made her firstand studies. In 1932 she published an important studyTheory: entitled: Davidoff, "Advocacy Pluralism in Planning." Readings in city”, Planning services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for Fourth Edition., 2016. 427-442. SCOPUS. Web. 23 Nov. lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car2016. easier access to markets, etc. studies 11 and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back to London, where forapproach, Environment Food and Rural Affairs, provides a very wellin According 1943The she Department published studies regarding city planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another the phenomenon is due a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research. Her public action and articulated description of all known EfW technologies. https://www.gov.uk/government/ long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. publications/energy-from-waste-a-guide-to-the-debate and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: 12 Thomas Astrup, DavideTonini, Roberto Turconi, Alessio Boldrin, Life G.Fruergaard ALEXANDRI: Abstract. http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually cycle
assessment
of
thermal
Waste-to-Energy
technologies:
Review
and 252161 11
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
The energy produced from the incinerator plant in Rye House will be used to primarily cover the needs for heat in the surrounding area. It is worth mentioning that when EfW plants are used for district heating, this requires the pre-existence of specific heating infrastructure. There are countries such as Sweden that have developed similar highly advanced systems. However, in the case of the United Kingdom, it can By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS be questionable whether the University, cost of creating and maintaining such Harvard Graduate School of Design, Student, By Mr. George-Sp. systems can be more affordable than lookingC. ATHANASSOPOULOS directly forArchitect other Architecture 13. alternative resources for electricity Student (wind of the or School solar of power) Technical University of Crete Additionally, it may be important to note that Veolia is the main 1. Introductory the concept stakeholder thatapproach: overseesDefining the operation. This can raise questions on 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, how the public is engaged in taking decisions about the allocation of the ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the energy amongproduced. other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the During the procurement theifHCC did notofprovide the acquisition of knowledge starts withprocess theindefinition of the content concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, not final, approach, the term 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the tenders with a framework towards a specific waste treatment (or gentrification (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning)term 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), asshould the “refining” of a city area, theHCC’s removal from this, (in various technology that be implemented. mainly focused on Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement “safety, benefit, protection of the environment, cost and ways), of social social groups, usually of low-income and the placement of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”,there regardless of 14 . It is unknown if etc. there werethis sustainability” the operation ofconsequences art galleries, restaurants, However “change”, regardless whatever other has, results also rising ofany landproposals prices (andthat theof whatever other consequences has,than results also rising ofTo landname prices a(and the promoted technologies other incineration. few, potential relative speculation). potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to anaerobic digestion, gasification, and pyrolysis can provide alternatives The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor tothe incineration. However, they all refer to to bio-degradable waste, whichof then observed trend wealthy people buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are isLondon, not the case forstayresidual Additionally, can be upgrade them, themselveswaste. sometimes there and thusthey old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”. implemented in a wide range of scales, and in that way, promote selfA description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth A description ofperiod, this phenomenon included inwere theinfrastructure. work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while situations recorded in otherThese major efficiency without the needsimilar of islarge scale GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, byrequire other Researchers. alternative technologies a very well-organized waste sorting cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more system asthen, well as the minimization anyseveral waste below, that cannot Since the issue has scholars andbe forrecycled its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being of summarized from the various comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various or composted. Indeed, in today’s world incinerators provide a interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money recommendations, Management, 37, March 104-115, and time to travel Waste from the purlieus toVolume downtown, where2015, work Pages place is, lack ofISSN the 0956-053X, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2014.06.011. 1.of The term from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense safety atcomes the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin,(http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0956053X14002670) where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth13Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for ToorajJamasb, Rabindra Nepal, Issues and options in waste management: Aetc. social lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, where cost–benefit analysis of waste-to-energy inplanning. the UK,In Resources, and in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due aConservation systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research. Her public action and Recycling, Volume 54, Issue 12, October 2010, Pages 1341-1352, ISSN 0921-3449, long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2010.05.004.(http://www.sciencedirect.com/scienc and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: Abstract. http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm ae/article/pii/S0921344910001151) variety of ways, in order to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually 14
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
temporary solution for residual waste that can eliminate landfilling. However, adopting incineration as an absolute solution does not allow for more sustainable perspectives in the future. Incineration admits a materialistic and consumeristic world; it pardons a lifestyle where redundancy is forgiven. At this point it may worth quoting Lewis Mumford and his view on the world created by the machine:
By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, By emphasis Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect “There is a disproportionate on the physical means of Student of the School of Architecture living: people sacrifice time and present enjoyments in order that they Technical University of Crete
acquire a greater abundance of physical means; for there is supposed to theand concept be 1. a Introductory close relationapproach: betweenDefining well-being the number of bathtubs, motor 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, [1934] cars, and similar machine-made products that one may possess”15.Athens),
ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the Sustainability bewith aiming reusing andofreducing. It acquisition of knowledge starts theindefinition the content concepts. Based, therefore, onshould this “principle” atowards first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term can well be understood that even if at this stage the responsibility of gentrification (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as can the “refining” cityconsumer area, the removal this,will (in various recycle and reuse be dealt of atathe level, from a point come Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement when industry shouldusually be addressing the and issue inplacement a gigantic scale. We ways), of social groups, of low-income the there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of owe to create products thatetc. can berising wellthis recycled without the operation ofsmarter art galleries, restaurants, However “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also of land prices (and the theof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of prices (and the need forrelative incinerating. Positively surprised, a visitor to land Veolia’s webpage potential potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to will find that the company tries to address the issue in demonstrating The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor how industry owes to work in the year 2050; ideas infor life-cycle the then observed trend wealthy people to there buy property poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes and thus old residents areof product design are well expressed. From that point of view, instead of London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”. trying to deal with specific design solutions, we should be questioning A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included in the recorded work Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same whileofsimilar were in other major ourselves if the overall idea sustainability should be of challenging our GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in by other Researchers. way ofinWestern life andcountries, the policies that frame it in a wider perspective. In a cities Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more general planning a process for below, envisioning a various better Since sense, then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars andthe for its more comprehensive approach areas being summarized from comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various environment, should be shifting from the designing of a materiality to interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: a sense, the is duean to aapproach trend of a new of social groups theInrevision of phenomenon existing policies, thatcategory has been debated on to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money 16 the field of planning for a long time . and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and 15 University College of London, where she continued her social research. Her public action and Mumford, L. (1934). Technics and civilization / by Lewis Mumford. New York: long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work Brace. are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. Harcourt, p.273 and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: 16 Krieger, Alex, and William Saunders, Urban Design. NED - New edition, G. ALEXANDRI: Abstract. http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order to S. achieve theeditors. “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually University of Minnesota Press, 2009. p. 128
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Προσέγγιση της εφαρμοζόμενης ποινικής GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, διαδικασίας υπό των Δικαστηρίων της Κυπριακής και Definition, Types of intervention, Concerns of Gentrification της Ελληνικής Δημοκρατίας ConcernsΤου κ. Ορέστη Ν. ΨΑΛΛΙΔΑ, LL.B., B.B.A., M.Sc, M.P.A,
By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Νομικού, Οικονομολόγου, Διεθνολόγου Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, και By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Της κυρίας Αικατερίνης Π. ΤΟΥΜΠΑΝΟΥ, Student of the School of Architecture LL.B., Δικηγόρου Παρ’ Εφέταις Technical University of Crete
Στην Κυπριακή Δημοκρατία, τοthe Ποινικό Δίκαιο στηρίζεται στην αρχή 1. Introductory approach: Defining concept 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept “Νullum crimen nulla poena cine lege”, που σημαίνει ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 ότι BC «Κανένα - 370 BC, έγκλημα Athens), υπάρχει και καμία ποινή επιβάλλεται χωρίς Νόμο». Ως εκ το ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 τούτου, BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the Ποινικό Δίκαιο αφορά καταγραμμένες νομοθετικά κείμενα acquisition of knowledge startshe with ofσε the content concepts. acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts. συγκεκριμένες ιδιαίτερα αποδοκιμαστέες συμπεριφορές, Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, ανθρώπινες if of not final, approach, the term 1 (and Based, therefore, on Κώδικα this “principle” in a first, if (in not final, approach, the term urban gentrification) indicated the area of Planning) (or κυρίως στον Ποινικό (Κεφ. is 154) που είναι ο Νόμος ο οποίος gentrification 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal this, (inάλλους various αφορά κατ' εξοχήν ποινικά αδικήματα, καθώς και σεfrom πολλούς Sociology as well), as the “refining” ofπαρεμπιπτόντως a city area, fromthere this,διατάξεις (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement of ξεχωριστούς Νόμους οι οποίοι περιέχουν ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of ποινικής φύσης. the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the Την ευθύνη για την διερεύνηση μιας συμπεριφοράς έχει η whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative Αστυνομία, η οποία και είναι υπεύθυνη, να προβεί σε περαιτέρω έρευνα, potential relative speculation). The term gentrification found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to διερεύνηση, ανακρίσεις, isετοιμασία μαρτυρικού υλικού και κάθε είδους The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor επιστημονικές εξετάσεις, όπως επίσης και να εισάγει όλο το μαρτυρικό the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof υλικό ενώπιον του Γενικού Εισαγγελέα, ο οποίος εάν κρίνει, ότιresidents το υλικό London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old are being indirectly “squeezed”. αυτό εκφράζει συγκεκριμένη παραβατική συμπεριφορά, όπως επίσης πως being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth δύναται να same πείσει Δικαστήριο ότι στοιχειοθετείται αυτήmajor (η A description ofperiod, this το phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the while similar in other GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major συμπεριφορά), κινεί τηνby ποινική δίωξη, δηλαδή εισάγει τον φερόμενο ως cities in Western countries, other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied otherΔικαστηρίου. Researchers. δράστη, ενώπιον του Στο Δικαστήριο, Γενικός Since then, the issueποινικού has several scholars and forο its more Since then, issue severalτης scholars andthe for various its more Εισαγγελέας ή the /approach και οι has δικηγόροι-εκπρόσωποι Νομικής Υπηρεσίας, comprehensive arepreoccupied being summarized below, from comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from various interpretations the phenomenon of gentrification, theονόματος following: δρουν πάντοτεofως δημόσιοι κατήγοροι, δηλαδή εξ της the κοινωνίας interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: 1 a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend a new category of social groups καιInτου Κράτους και όχι ως εκπρόσωποι τουofθύματος . to “return” to the city,ήδη leaving the purlieus several reasons: high costs inμεmoney Κατανοούμε λοιπόν μια for διαφορά που υφίσταται την and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the εφαρμογή της Ποινικής Δικονομίας στα Ελληνικά Δικαστήρια όπου: The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.of safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, προκαταρκτική εξέταση Ελλάδα διενεργείται από entitled: τους Berlin,Ηwhere she made her first studies. Inστην 1932 she an important study services of health, education, entertainment “at published the heart of the city”,movements (possibly)for Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous ανακριτικούς υπαλλήλους και τον εισαγγελέα. Η προανάκριση lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access to markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she back to London, διενεργείται από τους προαναφερθέντες ή από τονcame ανακριτή. Η κύρια in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and ανάκριση διενεργείται μόνον από τον ανακριτή. Η προκαταρκτική εξέταση University College of London, where she continued her social research. Her public action and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY.
and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: 1 http://rikkos.mappourides.com/article/εισαγωγή-στο-κυπριακό-νομικό-σύστημα, G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
και η προανάκριση εποπτεύονται από τον Εισαγγελέα Πλημμελειοδικών, ενώ η κύρια ανάκριση από τον Εισαγγελέα Εφετών2. Ο εισαγγελέας είναι δικαστικός λειτουργός που ασκεί την κατηγορία εν ονόματι του Κράτους, εκπροσωπώντας την ίδια την πολιτεία ενώπιον του δικαστηρίου. Ο εισαγγελέας δεν πρέπει να συγχέεται όμως με τον δημόσιο κατήγορο, ο οποίος εκπροσωπεί και αυτός την πολιτεία στα κατώτερα όμως ποινικά δικαστήρια και συνήθως είναι By (πταισματοδικεία) Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS αξιωματικός της αστυνομίας. εισαγγελέας μετέχει σύνθεση του Harvard Ο University, Graduate Schoolστη of Design, Student, Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS δικαστηρίου, αγορεύει κατά την By διεξαγωγή της δίκης, χωρίς όμως να Architect Student of the School of Architecture δικαιούται να συμμετέχει στη σύσκεψη για την έκδοση της απόφασης, αν Technicalπροΐσταται University of των Crete και μεριμνά για την εκτέλεσή αυτής. Ακόμα, ο εισαγγελέας διωκτικών Αρχώνapproach: (Αστυνομίας, Λιμενικού κλπ) στα πλαίσια της δίωξης 1. Introductory Defining the concept αδικημάτων αλλά approach: και εποπτεύει τους δικαστικούς υπαλλήλους καθώς 1. Introductory the concept ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), επίσης βεβαιώνει τυχόν πειθαρχικά τους παραπτώματα και BC, ασκεί την ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the 3. ποινική δίωξη είτε αυτεπαγγέλτως είτε κατ'έγκληση (κατόπιν μηνύσεως) among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the Ο εισαγγελέας την the προανάκριση για κάθε αξιόποινη πράξη acquisition of knowledge starts with the content of concepts. Based, therefore, onδιευθύνει this “principle” indefinition a first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the και έχει την εποπτεία αυτής. Όταν διενεργείται αστυνομική προανάκριση, (or gentrification (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning)term 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification όταν δηλαδή έχουν αρχές,from ο παριστάμενος Sociology as well), as the προστρέξει “refining” of aοι cityδιωκτικές area, the removal this, (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of aυποχρέωση city area, removal fromthere this, (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theνα placement of προανακριτικός υπάλληλος έχει την ενημερώσει άμεσα τον ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, Howeverνα this “change”, προσωπικά regardless of αρμόδιο εισαγγελέα, ο οποίος έχει τοetc. δικαίωμα επιληφθεί the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the της διεξαγωγής. Επίσης, ο εισαγγελέας, έχει το δικαίωμα να διενεργεί οof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative ίδιος κάθε προανακριτική πράξη, όπως π.χ. τη λήψη μαρτυρικών potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the in earlyεγγράφων 1960s and it(έκθεση refers to καταθέσεων, τη διενέργεια αυτοψίας, τη UK σύνταξη The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor βεβαίωσης πλημμελήματος, έκθεση people κατάσχεσης κλπ). Σύμφωνα βεβαίως the then observed trend of wealthy to buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof με τη νομολογία, ο εισαγγελέας, κατά τη δίωξηthere τουand εγκλήματος (να μην London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. συγχέεται με την άσκηση ποινικής δίωξης) έχει το προβάδισμα έναντι being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth κάθεA άλλης Στην περίπτωση κακουργήματος, μετά άσκηση description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at theαρχής. same while similar inτην other major ποινικής δίωξης επακολουθεί η κύρια ή τακτική ανάκριση εκ μέρους του GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other4Researchers. ανακριτή ο οποίος είναι δικαστής . Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more Since the issueδικαιοδοσία has several below, scholars andthe for various its more Όσονthen, αφορά την κυπριακών Δικαστηρίων λεκτέα comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being των summarized from comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various είναι τα εξής : interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: interpretations the phenomenon gentrification, thecategory following: υπάρχουν (2) βαθμοί στις ποινικές In aΣτην sense,Κύπρο theof phenomenon isδύο dueof to a trend of aδικαιοδοσίας new of social groups to “return” toηthe city, leaving the purlieus for severalαπό reasons: high costs in money υποθέσεις, πρωτόδικη δικαιοδοσία ασκείται το Κακουργιοδικείου and to travel from theτρεις purlieus downtown, work place is, lack of για the πουtime συγκροτείται από (3) to Δικαστές. Σε where δεύτερο βαθμό, δηλαδή 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, την εκδίκαση έφεσης που τυχόν ασκήθηκε επί πρωτόδικης απόφασης, Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc. studies 2 and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back to London, where https://e-justice.europa.eu/content_rights_of_defendants_in_criminal_ in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research. Her public action and proceedings_-169-EL-maximizeMS-en.do?clang=el&idSubpage=2, Διαδικτυακή πύλη της long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work areηλεκτρονικής characterizedδικαιοσύνης. by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. ευρωπαϊκής and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: 3 http://www.eispp.gr/, Εισαγγελία Πρωτοδικών Πειραιά.“voluntary”, G. ALEXANDRI: Abstract. http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order to achieve the “assisted”, (actually 4 http://www.eispp.gr/, Εισαγγελία Πρωτοδικών Πειραιά.
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
66
αρμόδιο είναι το Ανώτατο Δικαστήριο και εξ’ αυτού του λόγου οι δικαστές του αποκαλούνται και «Εφέτες». Όσον αφορά αντίστοιχα την Ελλάδα γνωρίζουμε πως, η ποινική δικαιοδοσία διακρίνεται στην τακτικήή κοινή ποινική δικαιοδοσία και στην ειδική ποινική δικαιοδοσία. Στην πρώτη περιλαμβάνονται όλα τα ποινικά δικαστήρια ανεξαρτήτως των προσώπων που τελούν το αδίκημα. Στην δεύτερη περιλαμβάνονται ταBy ειδικά δικαστήρια, οποία εκδικάζουν Mr. George-Sp. C.τα ATHANASOPOULOS υποθέσεις προσώπων μιας ειδικότερης Στηνofτακτική Harvard University,κατηγορίας. Graduate School Design, ποινική Student, Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS δικαιοδοσία περιλαμβάνονται ταByεξής δικαστήρια, αναλόγως Architect με την Student of the School of Architecture σοβαρότητα του αδικήματος: Πταισματοδικεία, Μονομελή και Τριμελή Technical University of Crete Πλημμελειοδικεία, Μικτά Ορκωτά Δικαστήρια, Μικτά Ορκωτά Εφετεία, Μονομελή Εφετεία, Τριμελή Εφετεία, Πενταμελή Εφετεία. Στην Ειδική 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept Ποινική Δικαιοδοσία περιλαμβάνονται εξής (444 δικαστήρια: Δικαστήρια 1. Introductory approach: the τα concept ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, BC - 370 BC, Athens), Ανηλίκων, Στρατιωτικά Δικαστήρια, Ειδικό Δικαστήριο του ά. 86 Athens), Σ περί ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the ευθύνης υπουργών. Στην κορυφή της ποινικής δικαιοδοσίας βρίσκεται ο among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the Άρειος Πάγος, ο οποίος δεν αποτελεί τρίτο βαθμό δικαιοδοσίας, στην ίδια acquisition of knowledge starts with thein definition the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term έκταση που συμβαίνει στον δεύτερο βαθμό με το Εφετείο, καθώς (or gentrification (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning)δεν 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification ασχολείται τηνas«ουσία» της υπόθεσης. Ο Άρειος Πάγος δηλαδή κρίνει σε Sociology as με well), the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Sociology asεπίπεδο well), as the “refining” of a city area, the from this, of (in various ways), of social groups, usually of and theremoval placement there artists, αναιρετικό μόνον τηνlow-income ορθότητα της νομικής κρίσης και όχι ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”,there regardless of πραγματικά περιστατικά. the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the Δεν θα πρέπει να αμελήσουμε να αναφέρουμε τις διαφορές πουof whatever otherspeculation). also rising of land prices (and the potential relative προκύπτουν απόconsequences την εξέτασηhas, τηςresults ιεραρχίας των πηγών δικαίου που potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in της earlyκάθε 1960s and it refers to αναγνωρίζει και ακολουθεί το Δικαστικό Σύστημα χώρας. The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor Όσον αφορά trend λοιπόν την Κυπριακή Δημοκρατία, η in ιεραρχία των the then observed of wealthy people to buy property poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof πηγών δικαίου είναι η εξής : London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. 1. Κοινοτικό Κεκτημένο, μετά την Πέμπτη τροποποίηση του being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth Συντάγματος Ν.127(Ι)/2006, 2.similar Σύνταγμα, 3. Διεθνείς Συμβάσεις, 4. Νόμοι, A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while in other major 5. Κανονιστική Διοικητική πράξη, 6. Νομολογία GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. όσον αφορά την Ελλάδα ηseveral ιεραρχία των and πηγών δικαίου Ενώ Since then, the issue has preoccupied scholars for its more Since then, παρακάτω the issue has several below, scholars andthe for various its more παρουσιάζεται :arepreoccupied comprehensive approach being summarized from comprehensive approach are being summarized from various Στην κορυφή της πυραμίδας το Σύνταγμα, αν καιthe πλέον το interpretations of the phenomenon of βρίσκεται gentrification, thebelow, following: interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: In a sense, the phenomenon is dueεμφανίζεται to a trend of aνα new category of σοβαρά social groups δίκαιο της Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης αμφισβητεί την to “return”αυτή to theστα city,κράτη leaving -the purlieus several reasons: high costs in money υπεροχή μέλη που for απαρτίζουν την Ένωση. Έπεται το and time δίκαιο, to travelακολουθεί from the purlieus to downtown,έθιμο, whereμε work place is, lack the διεθνές το συνταγματικό αμφιβολίες αν of είναι 1.of The termat from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, Ruth search wasbetter born in sense safety the distributed outside town centres, for υπεράνω του comes τυπικού νόμου,residencies ή αν μπορεί να1912-1940. καταργηθεί μεGLASS τυπικό νόμο. Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Ακολουθούν οι τυπικοί νόμοι, νομοθετικού περιεχομένου τουfor Youth Unemployment. The same yearοι sheπράξεις left Germany and after continuous movements lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc. studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back to London, where Προέδρου της Δημοκρατίας, ο Κανονισμός της Βουλής, τα παλιότερα in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and νομοθετικά διατάγματα και οι παλιότεροι αναγκαστικοί νόμοι. University College of London, where she continued her social research. Her public action and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. Ακολουθούν οι κανονιστικές πράξεις τηςSeeεκτελεστικής λειτουργίας που and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
περιλαμβάνουν τα προεδρικά διατάγματα και τις κανονιστικές πράξεις των λοιπών οργάνων της εκτελεστικής λειτουργίας5. Ενώ η νομολογία δεν συνιστά πηγή κανόνων δικαίου για τα ελληνικά ποινικά δικαστήρια όπως για τα κυπριακά, αυτό δεν σημαίνει όμως ότι και τα ελληνικά δικαστήρια δεν λαμβάνουν υπόψη τους τη διαμορφωθείσα νομολογία. Στο Ελληνικό δίκαιο, η διαδικασία στο ακροατήριο διέπεται από τις εξής αρχές: α) Δημοσιότητα: οByκαθένας πρέπειC.να μπορεί να έχει Mr. George-Sp. ATHANASOPOULOS πρόσβαση στην αίθουσαHarvard του δικαστηρίου υπό τουςSchool όρουςofτου άρθρου 329 University, Graduate Design, Student, Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS με εξαίρεση κάποιες υποθέσεις By που εκδικάζονται κεκλεισμένων των Architect Student of the School of Architecture θυρών, β) Προφορικότητα: Η διαδικασία στο ακροατήριο γίνεται Technical of Crete προφορικά, έχοντας χαρακτήρα συζήτησης, προφορικά δεUniversity απαγγέλλεται στο1. ακροατήριο απόφαση. Για την Introductory ηapproach: Defining theσυζήτηση concept συντάσσονται πρακτικά. Έτσι έγγραφο δεν μπορεί να the ληφθεί υπόψη του δικαστηρίου και 1.κανένα Introductory approach: concept ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), να στηρίξει την κρίση του εάν δεν αναγνωστεί στο ακροατήριο έτσι ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC,και Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the προφορικοποιηθεί, among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the γ) Αμεσότητα: Υπάρχει ανάγκη άμεσης και approach, επικοινωνίας του acquisition of knowledge starts with thein definition the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first,επαφής if of not final, the term 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term δικαστηρίου με τα προσωπικά αποδεικτικά μέσα αλλά και με (or gentrification (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning)τον 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification κατηγορούμενο καταρχήν παρίσταται ενώπιον του, Sociology as well),οasοποίος the “refining” of aυποχρεωτικά city area, the removal from this, (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (inartists, various ways), of social usually of συνηγόρου low-income and the placement there of κυριολεκτικά ήgroups, διαμέσου του του. Έτσι όταν ένας μάρτυρας ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of the operationστο of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of εξετάζεται ακροατήριο, η κατάθεση του η οποία είχε δοθεί κατάartists, την the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the προδικασία δεν διαβάζεται και συνεπώς δεν λαμβάνεται υπόψη.of whatever otherspeculation). has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative Επιτρέπεται η consequences ανάγνωση μόνον περικοπών της κατάθεσης για να potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found UK in early 1960s and it refers to βοηθηθεί η μνήμη του μάρτυραatήfirst γιαinναtheεπισημανθούν αντιφάσεις του. The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor Περαιτέρω, όταν trend λείπει wealthy ένας μάρτυρας απόproperty το ακροατήριο, η the then observed people to there buy in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes and thus old residents areof προδικαστική κατάθεση του δεν διαβάζεται παρα μόνο εάν είναι ανέφικτη London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. ηbeing εμφάνιση του στο δικαστήριο για κάποιο εξαιρετικό κόλλημα. indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth όσα εκθέτει ο κατηγορούμενος είναι στο σύνολο τουςmajor ήRuth εν AΤέλος, description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included in the recorded work of Sociologist GLASS at theαν same while similar were in other μέρει διαφορετικά από όσα ο ίδιος εξέθεσε στην προδικασία, είναι GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, otherδιαβαστούν Researchers. δυνατόν κατ εξαίρεση ναbyτου οι αντίθετες περικοπές της Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more Since then, issue several below, scholars andthe forως its άνω more απολογίας του the κατά τηνhas ανάκριση Όλες οι comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being (Άρ.367,παρ.2,ΚΠΔ). summarized from various comprehensive approach being summarized fromαγώνα the various αρχές που εξυπηρετούν ηare μία άλλη, βοηθούν στον της interpretations of the phenomenon ofτην gentrification, thebelow, following: interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: υπεράσπισης κατηγορουμένου ο οποίος ελληνικό In a sense, theτου phenomenon is due to a trend of a new στο category of social δίκαιο groups to “return” toιερό the city, leaving και the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money θεωρείται πρόσωπο στον οποίο αναγνωρίζονται πλείστα όσα and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, place is, lack ofπου the δικαιώματα. Ανάμεσα στα δικαιώματα αυτάwhere είναι work και το δικαίωμα 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, δίνεται σε αυτόν και τον συνήγορο του να υποβάλλουν ερωτήσεις στους Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of theσυμβούλους city”,movements (possibly) εξεταζόμενους μάρτυρες, πραγματογνώμονες τεχνικούς καιfor Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany ή and after continuous lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and 5 University College of London, where she continued her social research. Her public action and Πάντειο Πανεπιστήμιο, Τμήμα Πολιτικής Επιστήμης και Ιστορίας, Ακαδημαϊκό long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized byΦουντεδάκη, a passion for justice. also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. Έτος 2013-2014, Πηνελόπη Αναπλ.See Καθηγήτρια, Μάθημα: Συνταγματικό and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: Ι. (Γενικές Πανεπιστημιακές σημειώσεις, Μάθημα: Εισαγωγή στο(actually Δίκαιο. Gentrification: G.Αρχές), ALEXANDRI: Abstract. http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm aΔίκαιο variety of ways, in order to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, 252167 11
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
ακόμα να παίρνουν τον λόγο για να αγορεύσουν ή να κάνουν δηλώσεις, αιτήσεις ή ενστάσεις για οποιαδήποτε θέμα αφορά την υπόθεση η οποία συζητείται. Επίσης έχουν το δικαίωμα να αναφέρουν εναντίον κάθε μάρτυρα μετά την εξέταση του οτιδήποτε μπορεί να καθορίσει ακριβέστερα την αξιοπιστία του και εν γένει να προβαίνουν σε δηλώσεις και εξηγήσεις σχετικά με τις καταθέσεις οι οποίες ή τα C. αποδεικτικά μέσα τα By Mr.έγιναν George-Sp. ATHANASOPOULOS 6 κάθεUniversity, περίπτωση ο κατηγορούμενος και ο οποία εξετάστηκαν . Σε Harvard Graduate School of Design, Student, Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS συνήγορος του έχουν το δικαίωμαByνα μιλούν πάντοτε τελευταίοι. Architect Απ όλα Student of the School Architecture τα παραπάνω προκύπτει ότι θεσπίζεται αυτοτελώς η ofενεργητική Technical University of Crete συμμετοχή του κατηγορουμένου στην αποδεικτική διαδικασία και παίρνει τη 1.συγκεκριμένη υπερασπιστική του το θεμελιώδες δικαίωμα Introductory approach: Definingμορφή the concept δικαστικής ακρόασης όπως αυτό λειτουργεί πλαίσιο της ποινικής 1. Introductory approach: the conceptστο ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), 7 δίκης. ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the Στοother κυπριακό δίκαιο, διαδικασία στο εφετείο είναι προφορική among wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established aδεν great the acquisition of knowledge startsηhe with of the content of“principle”: concepts. όπως είναι στην Ελλάδα (στο Εφετείο) αλλά παραπονείται για acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition of the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first,οifεφεσείων, not final, approach, the term 1 (and therefore, on this “principle” inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the την Based, πρωτόδικη απόφαση με λόγους is που αναγράφει στην έφεση του.term Η urban gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification υπόθεση εξετάζεται στα πλαίσια των λόγων εφέσεως όχι όμως με Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Sociology asδιαδικασία well), as the “refining” of a city area, this, of (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement artists, προφορική ενώπιον του δικαστηρίου και μεfrom εκ there νέου εξέταση ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the of art restaurants, etc. However “change”, regardless of τωνoperation μαρτύρων καιgalleries, των αποδεικτικών μέσων αλλάthis εγγράφως. the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the Όσον αφορά συγκεκριμένα την ανωμοτί δήλωση τουof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative κατηγορούμενου στο Κυπριακό Σύστημα λεκτέα είναι τα εξής : potential relative speculation). TheΣτην term gentrification is found first in the UK in early 1960s it refers to περίπτωση που το at Δικαστήριο αποφασίσει να and καλέσει τον The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor κατηγορούμενο σε trend απολογία τότε οpeople τελευταίος τις ακόλουθες τρειςof the then observed wealthy to there buyέχει property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes and thus old residents are επιλογές: London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. (α) να δώσει τη δική του εκδοχή με ένορκη μαρτυρία από το ειδώλιο being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth του A μάρτυρα ναperiod, αντεξεταστεί από την κατηγορούσα description of this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded workαρχή, of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the και same while similar in other major (β) να δώσει τη δική του εκδοχή με ανωμοτί δήλωση, δηλαδή από το GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in του Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. ειδώλιο κατηγορούμενου χωρίς να ορκιστεί χωρίς να Since then, the issue has severalκαι scholars andαντεξεταστεί for its more then, the issue has preoccupied several below, scholars andthe for various its more απόSince την κατηγορούσα αρχή, και comprehensive approach are being summarized from comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various (γ) να μην πει οτιδήποτε. interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: ο the κατηγορούμενος μια από τις category πρώτες of δύο επιλογές, In aΕάν sense, phenomenon is επιλέξει due to a trend of a new social groups to “return” the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money τότε η δικήtoτου εκδοχή πρέπει να ακουστεί πρώτη από το Δικαστήριο και and to travel from theοιpurlieus to downtown, work place is, lack of the μετάtime να ακολουθήσουν υπόλοιποι μάρτυρεςwhere υπεράσπισης. The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.of safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Εάν ο κατηγορούμενος επιλέξει είτε 1912-1940. τη δεύτερη είτε την τρίτη Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) επιλογή, το Δικαστήριο δεν μπορεί αρνητικά συμπεράσματα απόfor Youth Unemployment. The same year she να left εξάγει Germany and after continuous movements lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc. studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back to London, where την επιλογή του. Σε κάθε περίπτωση όμως, η ανωμοτί δήλωση δεν έχει την in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and ίδια βαρύτητα με την ένορκη μαρτυρία τουher κατηγορούμενου, ηpublic οποία University College of London, where she continued social research. Her action and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: 6 Α.Πof 1406/2008, Ζ'order Ποινικό Τμήμα. G. ALEXANDRI: Abstract. http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety ways, in to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually 7
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περνά από τη δοκιμασία της αντεξέτασης από την GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, κατηγορούσα αρχή8. Το βάρος της απόδειξης Definition, of intervention, φέρειTypes ανά στιγμή η κατηγορούσα αρχή. Εάν Concerns of πάσα Gentrification στο τέλος της δίκης το δικαστήριο δεν είναι Concerns βέβαιο πέραν κάθε εύλογης αμφιβολίας για την
ενοχή του κατηγορουμένου, οφείλει να τον απαλλάξει,Byόπως και κατά τοC.ελληνικό δίκαιο. Mr. George-Sp. ATHANASOPOULOS ΤοUniversity, ζήτημα Graduate της αξιολόγησης της ανωμοτί Harvard School of Design, Student, By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS δήλωσης έχει απασχολήσει ακόμα και πρόσφατα Architect Student of the School Architecture το Κακουργιοδικείο Λευκωσίας, στοof οποίο, οι Technical University of Crete δικαστές Λένα Δημητριάδου-Ανδρέου (πρόεδρος), Έλενα Εφραίμ και Χαράλαμπος Χαραλάμπους 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept (πάρεδροι) επεσήμαναν τα κάτωθι: «…θεωρούμε 1. Introductory approach: the concept (444 ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, BC - 370 BC, Athens), σκόπιμο να σημειώσουμε εν σχέσει με τη Athens), νομική ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the πτυχή του ζητήματος ότι όπου οκατηγορούμενος among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the παραλείπει δώσει ενόρκως μαρτυρία είτε acquisition of knowledge starts with theείτε the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” indefinition a να first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the να καλέσει μάρτυρες προς υπεράσπιση, το (or gentrification (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning)term 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification δικαστήριο εξετάζει κατά πόσο η μαρτυρία της Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityΑρχής area, removal fromthere this, of (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe the placement artists, Κατηγορούσας είναι: (α) αξιόπιστη και, αν ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, However thisικανοποιητική “change”, regardless of ναι, (β) κατάetc. πόσον είναι για να the operation ofconsequences art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other has, results also rising of land prices (and the αποδείξει κατηγορία καθότι ο κατηγορούμενοςof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative συνταγματικά και νομολογιακά τεκμαίρεται potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found atμέχρις first in the UK inηearly 1960s and it refers to αθώος ότου Κατηγορούσα Αρχή The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor αποδείξει ενοχήtoτου επίπεδο του areas πέρανof the then observed trend wealthyτην people buy στο property in poor London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are λογικής αμφιβολίας». Είναι νομολογιακά London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. αποσαφηνισμένο, πρόσθεσαν στην απόφασή τους being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth οιwhile τρειςsimilar δικαστές, ότι in ηwere χωρίς όρκο δήλωση του A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included the work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same recorded in other major κατηγορούμενου εξετάζεται και αξιολογείται GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other μέσα στοResearchers. σύνολοseveral της μαρτυρίας ανάλογα το Since then, the issue has scholars and for its με more Since then, the issueπώς has scholars andthe for various its more ταιριάζει στηseveral συγκεκριμένη περίπτωση, δεν comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized below, from comprehensive approach are being summarized the various εξομοιώνεται, όμως, με την ένορκηfrom μαρτυρία που interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thebelow, following: interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: In a sense, the phenomenon is due to trend ofμέσω a newαντεξέτασης category of social groups υπόκειται σεaέλεγχο [βλ.Vrakas to “return” to the city, leaving purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money andthe Anotherv. The Republic (1973) 2 C.L.R. 139, and time to travel from theAnastassiades purlieus to downtown, where work place is, R. lack the v. R. (1977) 2 C.L.R. 97 και v. of Frost termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, (1964) 64 Cr. App. R. 284] 9. Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and 8 University College of London, where she continued her social research. Her public action and http://www.paschalides.com/en/articles/litigation/191-2013-08-02-09-40-27. long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying 9 her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. http://www.philenews.com /el-gr/ koinonia-eidiseis /160/ peistiki-i-axiaand selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCo depreciation initially of part209154/ of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: άρθρο του Γιαννακού, «Ο Φιλελεύθερος», Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm atis-anomotis-dilosis-para-apodeiktiki, variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve theΧριστάκη “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually «Πειστική η αξία της ανώμοτης δήλωσης παρά αποδεικτική».
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Η Definition, προστασίαGENTRIFICATION της Συνταγματικής ταυτότητας των Types of Intervention, κρατών μελών της ΕΕ
Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Της κυρίας Φωστ. ΠΑΡΑΔΕΙΣΟΥ ΚΩΝΣΤΑΝΤΙΝΟΥ Concerns LLB Πανεπιστήμιο ΝΕΑΠΟΛΙΣ, Πάφος Φοιτήτριας LLM στο Διεθνές Ευρωπαϊκό και Οικονομικό Δίκαιο
By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Εισαγωγή Student of the School of Architecture of Crete Η εθνική συνταγματική ταυτότητα κάθε Technical κράτουςUniversity συγκροτείται
από τις θεμελιώδεις αρχές που αποτελούν τμήμα της κοινής 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept συνταγματικής της the Ευρώπης και τις συνταγματικές 1. Introductoryκληρονομιάς approach: Defining concept (444 ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC - 370 BC, Athens), 1 . Greek ιδιαιτερότητες κάθεthe λαού ANTISTHENIS, ancient philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the Η other ανάγκη σεβασμού της εθνικής ταυτότητας μελών among wise heritage left us,definition he established a των greatκρατών the acquisition of knowledge startshe with the of the content of“principle”: concepts. αποτυπώθηκε ρητά Συνθήκη Συντάγματος γιαterm την acquisition of knowledge starts with theΘέσπισης of the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on στη this “principle” indefinition a first, ifενός not final, approach, the 1 (and urban Based,(αρθρα therefore, on 2this “principle” inindicated a first,ήδη if (in notαπό final, approach, the term Ευρώπη 1-5) ,gentrification) ενώ οι Συνθήκες, τις πρώτες τους is the area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, various εκδοχές, as υποχρέωναν την Ένωση να σεβασθεί τις εθνικές και(inτοπικές Sociology as well), the “refining” of aάνθηση city area, the removal fromthere this, of (in various ways), of social groups, usually ofστην low-income and theπολιτισμών placement artists, ιδιομορφίες και ναasσυμβάλει των των κρατών ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of μελών. the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the Το δίκαιο της ΕΕ έχει άμεσο ή έμμεσο αντίκτυπο στη νομοθεσία whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative των κρατών μελών της και γίνεται μέρος της έννομης τάξης κάθε potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to 3. Η αυτονομία της έννομης τάξης της ΕΕ εξασφαλίζει κράτους μέλους The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor τη ενιαία εφαρμογή του δικαίου της Ένωσης σε όλα τα κράτη μέλη. the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof London, them, stay themselves sometimes andμέλη thus old residents are Μεupgrade την προσχώρηση τους στην ΕΕ, τα there κράτη παραχωρούν being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”. description of this phenomenon is included in the work Sociologist Ruth σε Aαυτήν αρμοδιότητες με άμεση συνέπεια την ofεκχώρηση των A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included in the περιπτώσεις work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar were recorded in other major κυριαρχικών τους δικαιωμάτων, ιδιαίτερα στις εκείνες, GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities countries, by other Researchers. όπουinηWestern άσκηση αρμοδιοτήτων σε εθνικό επίπεδο δεν είναι αρκετά cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more αποτελεσματική. Since then, the issue has several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized from Τα κράτη μέλη για να διαφυλάξουν και ναbelow, τονίσουν την εθνική comprehensive approach are being summarized from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: υπεροχή των Συνταγμάτων τους, εκεί όπου επέρχεται σύγκρουση interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new category of social groups μεταξύ εθνικού δικαίου καιpurlieus δικαίου της ΕΕ, καταφεύγουν στο to “return” to the city, leaving the for several reasons: high costs in money and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: 1 of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) services Law – constitution, Sakoulas, Papadopoulou, Youth Unemployment. Theweb.Auth.gr/files/2009 same year she left Germany and after continuousYperohivivlio, movements for lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, proepiskopisi, σελ.299. 2 she published in According 1943 studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and Σχέδιο Συνθήκης γιαwhere τη she Θέσπιση Συντάγματος της Ευρώπης, Ευρωπαϊκή University College of London, continued her social research. Her public action and long-term informal by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying Συνέλευση, 18characterized Ιουλίουeffort 2003, 9-10. for justice. her work are byσελ a passion See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. 3 and selling real estate, etc., for the depreciation initially of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. COLLINS SONS AND Co Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: Ευρωπαϊκό Κοινοβούλιο στην υπηρεσία σαςof part (www.europarl.europa.eu Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: Abstract. http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a/atyourservice.). variety of ways, in order to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually Θεματολογικά δελτία για τη Ευρωπαϊκή Ένωση.
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
Δικαστήριο της ένωσης με σκοπό την επίλυση της διαφοράς ως προς την υπεροχή του δικαίου. Κάποια εκ των κρατών μελών εκφράζουν έντονο προβληματισμό και δεν αποδέχονται την υπεροχή του δικαίου της ΕΕ, κάποια άλλα αποφαίνονται υπέρ της υπεροχής του Ευρωπαϊκού δικαίου. Και οι δύο τάσεις εκφράζουν τους προβληματισμούς τους με νομικά By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS επιχειρήματα. Harvard University, Schoolπαρακάτω, of Design, Student, Η νομολογία του ΔΕΕ, όπως θαGraduate εξετάσουμε δίνει By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect απάντηση σε αυτούς τους προβληματισμούς. Student of the School of Architecture Technical University of Crete
Αρχή της Υπεροχής 1. Introductory Defining the1964 concept 4 καθιέρωσε την αρχή της Η απόφασηapproach: Costa κατά Enel 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept ANTISTHENIS, the ancient philosopher, (444 BC το - 370 BC,ανέφερε, Athens), υπεροχής του δικαίου της ΕΕ.Greek Στη εν λόγω απόφαση, ΔΕΚ ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the ότι δίκαιο που απορρέει από τα ευρωπαϊκά θεσμικά όργανα among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. ενσωματώνεται στα νομικά συστήματα των κρατών μελών, τα οποία acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term υποχρεούνται να το σέβονται. Επομένως το ευρωπαϊκό δίκαιο υπερέχει 1 (and Based, therefore, on this “principle” inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term urban gentrification) is area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 των εθνικών δικαίων. Οπότε στην περίπτωση όπου εθνικός κανόνας gentrification (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various αντιβαίνει σε μια ευρωπαϊκή διάταξη, οι αρχές των κρατών μελών Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement artists, υποχρεούνται ναgalleries, εφαρμόσουν τηνetc.ευρωπαϊκή διάταξη. Το of εθνικό the operation of art restaurants, However “change”,there regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever otherακυρώνεται consequencesούτε has, results also rising of land prices (and the δίκαιο δεν καταργείται, αλλά αναστέλλεται ηof whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative speculation). υποχρεωτική ισχύς του.
potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to δικαστηρίων buy property in poor Απόψεις των Συνταγματικών Γερμανίας, the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof Ιταλίας London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. Την άποψη ΔΕK περί υπεροχής του Ένωσης, Ruth δεν being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of του this phenomenon is included in δικαίου the work της of Sociologist ακολουθούν όλα τα κράτη μέλη. Τα Συνταγματικά δικαστήρια της A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major Γερμανίας και countries, Ιταλίας by δενother αποδέχονται την υπεροχή του δικαίου της cities in Western Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more Ένωσης. Since then, the issue has several scholars andthe for its more 5 comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized below, from various Το ιταλικό συνταγματικό δικαστήριο με τις αποφάσεις Frontini comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, following: 6 (1980), αναγνωρίζει (1973) και Granital την the υπεροχή του ενωσιακού interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thecategory following: In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new of social groups δικαίου ως προτεραιότητα εφαρμογής του έναντι του εθνικού κανόνα. to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money Διευκρινίζει όμως πως δεν υπερισχύει των θεμελιωδών διατάξεων του and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the Συντάγματος όπως τα θεμελιώδη δικαιώματα και τη δημοκρατική αρχή 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, 4 she published in According 1943 studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and ΔΕΚ College 6/64, ofFlaminio Costak.sheEnte Nazionaleper LEnergia Elettrica (E.N.E.L.), University London, where continued her social research. Her public action and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying 15.06.1964. her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. 5 and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: Frontiniv. Ministerodelle Finaze (1974). 6 G. ALEXANDRI: Abstract. http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually S.p.a. Granital v. Amministrazione delle Finanzedellostato (1984). 252171 11
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
οι οποίες εξακολουθούν να αποτελούν τον υπέρτατο κανόνα αναφοράς για τα όργανα της Ιταλικής Δημοκρατίας. Στη περίπτωση της Γερμανίας ο προβληματισμός και οι αντιδράσεις εκδηλώθηκαν στο εσωτερικό της γερμανικής έννομης τάξης με το Ομοσπονδιακό Συνταγματικό Δικαστήριο της Γερμανίας7 να διατυπώνει αντιρρήσεις σχετικά με το ζήτημα της υπεροχής της By Mr. George-Sp. C. κοινοτικής έννομης τάξης και ουσιαστικά ναATHANASOPOULOS δημιουργεί τον Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, ισχυρότερο αντίλογο στη νομολογία του ΔΕΚ. By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Στην υπόθεση Solange 18 αφορμήStudent αποτέλεσε η έλλειψη ενός of the School of Architecture καταλόγου θεμελιωδών ατομικών δικαιωμάτων από μέροςof Crete της Technical University Κοινότητας. Το Συνταγματικό Δικαστήριο της Γερμανίας επεσήμανε approach: Defining the concept την1. Introductory ελλιπή προστασία των θεμελιωδών δικαιωμάτων στο κοινοτικό 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, δίκαιο και επιβεβαίωσε την αρμοδιότητα του, στο βαθμό που η ANTISTHENIS, ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise he left us, he established a great παρεχόμενη από heritage ταthe όργανα αυτά προστασία δεν ήταν ισοδύναμη the με among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. την προστασία που starts είχε with κατοχυρωθεί σεtheεθνικό επίπεδο. Οι acquisition of knowledge theindefinition content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term αντιστάσεις αυτές η area προστασία 1 (and Based, therefore, onκάμφθηκαν this “principle”μόνον inindicated a first,όταν if (in notthe final, approach, theτων term urban gentrification) is of Planning) (or gentrification 1 θεμελιωδών δικαιωμάτων στην έννομη τάξη της Ένωσης έφτασε σε gentrification (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various επίπεδο ουσιαστικά αντίστοιχο των εθνικών συνταγμάτων. Τότε το Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement of artists, ΔΕΚ άρχισε αντιμετωπίζει τα θεμελιώδη δικαιώματα ως γενικές the operation ofνα art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”,there regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has,και results also rising of land αναπόσπαστο prices (and theof αρχές του κοινοτικού δικαίου σήμερα αποτελούν whatever other consequences potential relative speculation). μέρος του κοινοτικού δικαίου.has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative speculation). TheΑργότερα term gentrification is found at first in the in early Solange1 1960s and itεξώθησε refers to όπως ήταν αναμενόμενο η UK απόφαση The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor το ΔΕΚ ναobserved αναλάβει δράση και να people προβείtoσεbuy σειρά αποφάσεων με τις the then trend of wealthy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof οποίες καταρτίστηκε ένας κατάλογος θεμελιωδών δικαιωμάτων. London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residentsΤο are being indirectly “squeezed”. αποτέλεσμα ήταν το 1986 το Γερμανικό Ομοσπονδιακό Συνταγματικό being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth διακήρυξε εφόσον οι Δικαστήριο την απόφαση του SollangeII A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included 9inwere the recorded work ofότι Sociologist Ruth GLASS at theμε same while similar in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major κοινότητες διέθεταν σύστημα προστασίας των θεμελιωδών cities in Western countries, ένα by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then, the issue has several scholars for its more δικαιωμάτων δεν υφίσταται πλέον λόγος ελέγχου της and συμβατότητας Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for various its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the του ευρωπαϊκού δικαίου με τα θεμελιώδη δικαιώματα του comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations the phenomenon of gentrification, following: Θεμελιώδους of Νόμου. Η απόφαση αναφέρεται the μάλιστα στο γεγονός ότι interpretations of the phenomenon thecategory following: a sense, theμέλη phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trendστην of a new of social groups όλαInτα κράτη έχουν προσχωρήσει Ευρωπαϊκή Σύμβαση για to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money τα Δικαιώματα του Ανθρώπου με την έγκριση των κοινοβουλίων τους. and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the ΄Ετσι μεatcomes την απόφαση SolangeII από 1912-1940. τηtown μια centres, αφήνεται ανοιχτό τοin The term from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, Ruth search GLASS wasbetter born sense1.of safety the distributed residencies outside for Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: ενδεχόμενο επέμβασης της εθνικής έννομης τάξης, στην περίπτωση services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for
lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, 7 she published in According 1943 studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and Das CollegeBundesverfassungericht, βλ. αναλυτικά σε action http: University of London, where she continued her social research. Her public and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying www.Bundesverfassungsgericht. her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. 8 and selling realCOLLINS estate,2Bvt.52/71 etc., for theSolange depreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Co Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: BVerfGE 37,271 i-decision(1974). 9 G. ALEXANDRI: Abstract. http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually BVerfGE 73, 339 2 Bvr 197/83 Solange II-decision (1986).
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
που η εξέλιξη της νομολογίας του ΔΕΚ πάψει να ανταποκρίνεται στην ανάγκη προστασίας των θεμελιωδών δικαιωμάτων, από την άλλη, όμως, αναγνωρίζεται η υπεροχή του κοινοτικού δικαίου. Η απόφαση Maastricth10 ήταν ακόμα μια υπόθεση αμφισβήτησης της υπεροχής του κοινοτικού δικαίου. Η απόφαση αυτή επιβεβαίωσε την κυριότητα των κρατών μελών έναντι των Συνθηκών, με δεδομένο By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS ότι για να ανατεθούν νέες αρμοδιότητες στη ένωση, αυτό προϋποθέτει Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, την ομόφωνη έγκριση και επικύρωση τους, από την πλευρά των By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect κρατών μελών της. Ενώ τα κράτη διατηρούν την αρμοδιότητα της Student of the School of Architecture οριοθέτησης των κοινοτικών αρμοδιοτήτων.Technical ΤούτοUniversity διότι, of όπως Crete επισημαίνεται στην απόφαση, τα κράτη μετέφεραν στην ένωση 1. Introductoryκαι approach: Definingαρμοδιότητες the concept και σύμφωνα πάντοτε συγκεκριμένες περιορισμένες 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), the ancient Greek philosopher, με ANTISTHENIS, τις συνταγματικές τους διατάξεις. Συνεπώς η ΕΕ δεν έχει ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the αρμοδιότητα να οριοθετήσει το εύρος των αρμοδιοτήτων της και βάσει among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. αυτού το Γερμανικό Δικαστήριο ότι σεcontent περίπτωση χρήσης acquisition of knowledge starts withπροειδοποιεί theindefinition the of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term της Based, Συνθήκης μεurban επιτακτικό τρόπο των ευρωπαϊκών 1 (and therefore, on this “principle” inindicated aαπό first, μέρους if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) is area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 οργάνων οι πράξεις αυτές δεν θα έχουν ισχύ στο γερμανικό κράτος. gentrification (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various
Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, Η προσέγγιση τηςrestaurants, Ελλάδας etc. - Απόψεις μελών της Ελληνικής the operation of art galleries, However this “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences Ακαδημαϊκής Κοινότητας has, results also rising of land prices (and theof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results of landσυνταγμάτων prices (and the potential Η relative σχέση κοινοτικού δικαίου καιalso τωνrising εθνικών potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to απασχόλησε τα μέλη της ελληνικής ακαδημαϊκής κοινότητας. The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor Όπως είναι γνωστό ηwealthy Ελλάδαpeople επικύρωσε τις ιδρυτικές Συνθήκες the then observed trend of to buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof και κάθεupgrade μεταγενέστερη τροποποίηση, τουςthere βασιζόμενη άρθρο London, them, stay themselves sometimes and thus oldστο residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. 11 28 του Συντάγματος. being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth 12 να θεωρηθεί δεδομένη υπεροχή προσέγγιση AΚατ΄άλλη description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while πρέπει similar in η other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major του δικαίου της Ένωσης των Εθνικών Συνταγμάτων, ιδίως για cities in Western countries, byέναντι other Researchers. cities inαρμοδιότητες Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then, the issue ειδικά has several scholars and for its more όσες και περιοριστικά αναφέρονται στις Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various συνθήκες. Το Ενωσιακό δίκαιο δεν υπερισχύει ούτε είναι πάνω απόmore το comprehensivethe approach are being summarized from the various interpretations phenomenon ofδικαιώματα, gentrification, thebelow, following: πολίτευμα ή of τα συνταγματικά γιατί απλούστατα καμιά interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: social groups In a sense, theof phenomenon dueof togentrification, a trend of a new σχετικά αρμοδιότητα και isκαμιά δικαιοδοσία δεν έχει of εκχωρηθεί ή to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money ανατεθεί στην ΕΕ για θέματα που αφορούν τη οργάνωση και and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the λειτουργία του πολιτεύματος μας ή για θέματα που σχετίζονται μεbetter τηνin 1.of The term from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for was born sense safety atcomes the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, where she made her first των studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: οργάνωση και άσκηση συνταγματικών δικαιωμάτων. Επίσης services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, 10 she published in According 1943 studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and Bundesverfassungsgericht, 89, 155 της 12/10.93, Maastricht. University College of London, where she continued her social research. Her public action and 11 long-term informal by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying Άρθρο 28 τουeffort Συντάγματος της for Ελλάδος. her work are characterized by a passion justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. 12 and selling real estate, etc., for the depreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. COLLINS SONS AND Co Ltd. London WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: Βλ. Κωνστ. ΓΕ. Αθανασόπουλος, (2010) Το2009. Δίκαιο της Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης. Νέα Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: Abstract. http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm aέκδ. variety of ways, in order to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually Αθήναι, 2010, σελ. 180. 252173 11
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
ανέφερε, ότι από τις ευρωπαϊκές συνθήκες όσο και από το άρθρο 28 παρ. 3 του Συντάγματος, συνάγεται ότι στον τομέα της προστασίας και ρύθμισης των θεμελιωδών δικαιωμάτων οι εθνικές αρχές και κυρίως ο εθνικός δικαστής διατηρούν στο ακέραιο τις ρυθμιστικές και εγγυητικές αντίστοιχα δικαιοδοσίες τους. Άποψη του Σπηλιωτόπουλου 13 είναι ότι σε περίπτωση Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS σύγκρουσης μεταξύ κοινοτικού Byκανόνα και εθνικής συνταγματικής Harvard University, Graduate School of Student, διάταξης υπερέχουν μόνο εκείνοι οι κανόνες του Design, ευρωπαϊκού By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect κοινοτικού δικαίου οι οποίοι έχουν άμεση εφαρμογή. Τέτοιοι είναι Student of the School of Architecture αυτοί που παρέχουν αμέσως στα άτομα δικαιώματα απέναντιof στα Technical University Crete κράτη μέλη ή και τους ιδιώτες. 1. Introductory approach: Defining Ο Μαυριάς14 υποστηρίζει ότιtheτοconcept κοινοτικό δίκαιο βρίσκεται σε 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, αντίστοιχο επίπεδο με το Σύνταγμα, εφόσον δεν προσκρούει σε ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: BC, Athens), among other heritage he left us, he established a great the διατάξεις μεwise συνταγματική ισχύ που συγκροτούν το370 σύνολο των among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. ρυθμίσεων εκφεύγουν του the ρυθμιστικού πεδίου τωνof κοινοτικών acquisition ofπου knowledge starts with the content concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” indefinition a first, if of not final, approach, the term κανόνων. 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban Ο Πρόεδρος της Ελληνικής Δημοκρατίας κ. Προκόπης gentrification gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various 15 τόνισε πως, στην κορυφή της έννομης τάξης βρίσκεται Παυλόπουλος Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, usually of Νόμος» low-income and thethis placement there of artists, το Σύνταγμα «θεμελιώδης οποίο οδηγεί στην καθολική the operation ofως art galleries, restaurants, etc. το However “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences results also rising ofέννομης land prices (and theof και αδιάστικτη υπεροχή του,has, εντός της εσωτερικής τάξης όπως whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative speculation). προκύπτει από το άρθρο 28 του Συντάγματος. Ανέφερε potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to χαρακτηριστικά, ότι το Σύνταγμα ως θεμελιώδης νόμος αποτελείται όχι The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor μόνον από τους κανόνες δικαίου περιλαμβάνει, αλλά από τιςof the then observed trend wealthyπου people to there buy property in και poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes and thus old residents are γενικές αρχές οι οποίες πηγάζουν από αυτό, υπερισχύει κάθε άλλου London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. κανόνα δικαίου, είτεphenomenon αυτός εντάσσεται δίκαιο Ruth είτε being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this is includedστο in theεσωτερικό work of Sociologist στους κανόνες διεθνούς δικαίου όπως ενσωματώνονται κάθε φορά A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major στηνinέννομη μας. Στην ομιλία του κάνει αναφορά στη νομολογία cities Westernτάξη countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Since then, the issue has several Επικρατείας scholars and 3242/2004 for its more που διαμόρφωσε η απόφαση τουResearchers. Συμβουλίου Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and forκαι its more 16 comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from various την (Βασικός Μέτοχος ), αφού σημείωσε την ανωτερότηταthe comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: ευχέρεια τουofεθνικού συνταγματικού νομοθέτη να θεσπίζει τέτοιες interpretations the phenomenon of thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is due togentrification, a trend of στον a new of ΕΕ social διατάξεις, ακόμα και εάν αυτές αντιβαίνουν δίκαιο της . groups to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in 13 sense1.of safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Σπηλιωτόπουλος Π.first Επαμεινώνδας (2001), Εγχειρίδιο Δικαίου Ι, Berlin, where she made her studies. In 1932 she published anΔιοικητικού important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Ενδέκατη Έκδοση, Εκδόσεις Αντ. Ν. Σάκκουλα, Αθήνα-Κομοτηνή. Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for 14 and research lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car access to markets, etc.where studies in Geneva, Prague, London andΔίκαιο Neweasier York she came Αντ. back to Σάκκουλα. London, Μαυριάς Γ. Κώστας (2000), Συνταγματικό Ι, Εκδόσεις Ν, 15 she published in According 1943 studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and Προκόπης Παυλόπουλος Πρόεδρος της Ελληνικής Δημοκρατίας, Το Σύνταγμα University College of London, where she continued her social research. Her public action and long-term informalκαι effort by organized groups,Ηmanufacturers, brokers of buying μεταξύ Ευρωπαϊκού ιεραρχία έννομης τάξης, her workΔιεθνούς are characterized by a passion forδικαίου. justice. See also: COLLINSτης ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling real estate, etc., for the depreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. COLLINS SONS AND Co Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: ιστοσελίδαpresidency,gr. 16 G. ALEXANDRI: Abstract. http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually ΣτΕ 3242/2004, Δ Τμήμα.
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
Η αντιμετώπιση του ενωσιακού δικαίου από την ελληνική δικαιοσύνη Οι απόψεις των ελληνικών συνταγματικών δικαστηρίων είναι πανομοιότυπες με αυτές των Γερμανικών και των Γαλλικών συνταγματικών δικαστηρίων. Κατά την αίτηση προδικαστικού 17 (επρόκειτο για Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS ερωτήματος προς το ΔΕΕ στην By υπόθεση 7/2/2014, Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, εξαγγελία αγοράς ομολόγων από την ΕΚΤ στα πλαίσια του By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect μηχανισμού στήριξης των υπερχρεωμένων κρατών μελών της Student of the School of Architecture ευρωζώνης). Το ερώτημα που τέθηκε στο ΔΕΕ ήταν University κατά πόσο η Technical of Crete απόφαση για αγορά ομολόγων συνιστούσε ultravires πράξη οργάνων Introductory approach: concept του ΔΕΕ θα κρινόταν το της1.Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης. Defining Από τηνthe απάντηση 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, κατά πόσο η γερμανική τράπεζα έπρεπε να συμμετέχει ή όχι σε αυτό το ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the πρόγραμμα. Ανεξάρτητα από την απόφαση του ΔΕΕ, τα γερμανικά among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. συνταγματικά δικαστήρια (παρακάμπτοντας το ΔΕΕ) αποφάσισαν ότι acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term η γερμανική τράπεζα θα“principle” μπορούσεisinindicated να αρνηθεί ναarea συμμετέχει 1 (and Based, therefore, on this a first, if (in notthe final, approach, theστο term urban gentrification) of Planning) (or gentrification 1 πρόγραμμα για βοήθεια. ΟΜΤ(OutrightMonetaryTransactions). Έτσι gentrification (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various λοιπόν το γερμανικό συνταγματικό δικαστήριο οδηγείται στο Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement there of artists, συμπέρασμα πως σε περίπτωση Συντάγματος και the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.σύγκρουσης However “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising κράτους of land prices (and theof ευρωπαϊκού δικαίου τα όργανα του γερμανικού δεσμεύονται whatever otherspeculation). consequences has,συντάγματος. results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative από τις επιταγές του γερμανικού potential relative speculation). TheΣτο term gentrification is found at first in the in early 1960s and it refers to 18 του ίδιο μήκος κύματος βρίσκεται καιUK η απόφαση 653/2012 The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor Συνταγματικού Συμβουλίου της people Γαλλίας (Conseil Constitutionel). the then observed trend wealthy to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes and thus old residents areof Τέθηκε το ζήτημα κατά πόσον ο κυρωτικός νόμος της Συνθήκης London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. Σταθερότητας της Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης της 2.3.13 ήταν σύμφωνος με being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth τις A διατάξεις του γαλλικού τις διατάξεις description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations includedόσον inwere the αφορά work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same whileσυντάγματος similar recorded in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major αφενός του άρθρου 3 by περί εθνικής κυριαρχίας της Διακήρυξης των cities in Western countries, other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then, the issue has several του scholars its more Δικαιωμάτων του Ανθρώπου και του Πολίτη 1789and καιfor αφετέρου Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various άρθρου 88 του γαλλικού συντάγματος, με βάση τις οποίες οριοθετείται comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the interpretations of the phenomenon gentrification, the following:ένωση. various το πώς η Γαλλική Δημοκρατίαofμετέχει στην Ευρωπαϊκή Κατά interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thecategory following: In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new of social groups την ερμηνεία των δύο αυτών διατάξεων το Γαλλικό Συνταγματικό to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money Συμβούλιο δέχθηκε ότι η συνθήκη κύρωσης της ΕΕ δεν μπορεί να and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: 17 of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) services Προκόπης Παυλόπουλος Πρόεδρος Ελληνικής Δημοκρατίας, Σύνταγμαfor Youth Unemployment. The same year she left της Germany and after continuous Το movements lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London Neweasier York came to back to London, μεταξύ Διεθνούς καιin Ευρωπαϊκού δικαίου. Η and ιεραρχία τηςshe έννομης τάξης, ιστοσελίδα in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and presidency,gr. University College of London, where she continued her social research. Her public action and 18 long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying Προκόπης Παυλόπουλος Πρόεδρος της See Ελληνικής Δημοκρατίας, ΤοDICTIONARY. Σύνταγμα her work are characterized by a passion for justice. also: COLLINS ENGLISH and selling real estate, etc., for the depreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. COLLINS SONS AND Co Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: μεταξύ Διεθνούς και Ευρωπαϊκού δικαίου. Η ιεραρχία της έννομης τάξης, ιστοσελίδα Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm apresidency,gr. variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
συνεπάγεται μεταβίβαση κυριαρχικών αρμοδιοτήτων του γαλλικού κράτους που σχετίζονται με δημοσιονομικά θέματα. Η επίλυση του προβλήματος βρέθηκε σε μια μέση οδό. Όσον αφορά το ΔΕΕ οι αποφάσεις του θα πρέπει να είναι όσο το δυνατόν πιο σύμφωνες με τα εθνικά Συντάγματα και από την πλευρά των εθνικών δικαστηρίων η ερμηνεία των εθνικών συνταγματικών κανόνων να είναι όσο το By Mr. George-Sp. δυνατόν πιο σύμφωνη με το ευρωπαϊκό δίκαιο. C. ATHANASOPOULOS
Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect προστασία της Student υπεροχής του κοινοτικού of the School of Architecture Technical University of Crete
Συνταγματική δικαίου Πέραν όμως από αυτή τη σχολή υπάρχει και η σχολή των κρατών 1. Introductory the concept μελών τα οποία approach: βλέπουν Defining πιο ευνοϊκά την υπεροχή του δικαίου της 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, Ευρωπαϊκής ΄Ενωσης. ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: BC, Athens), among wise heritage he left us, he established a great the Οιother Κάτω Χώρες αποτελούν περίπτωση στην370οποία δεν among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. εντοπίστηκαν δυσκολίες, επειδή το definition ολλανδικό the σύνταγμα acquisition of knowledge starts with the content ofαναγνωρίζει concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if of not final, approach, the term ρητώς τηνtherefore, υπεροχή δικαίου των έναντι των εθνικών 1 (and urban Based, onτου this “principle” inindicated aσυνθηκών first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) is area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 νόμων (άρθρα 65 έως 67). Στα άλλα κράτη μέλη αρχή της υπεροχής gentrification (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various του δικαίου της ένωσης έναντι των κοινών εθνικών νόμων έχει επίσης Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement of artists, αναγνωριστεί από τα εθνικά δικαστήρια. the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”,there regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results rising of land prices theof Περισσότερο συμφιλιωμένη μεalsoτη νομολογία του(andΔΕΚ whatever other consequences results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative εμφανίζεται η speculation). απόφαση τουhas, Ισπανικού Συνταγματικού Δικαστηρίου potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to για τη Συνθήκη της Ευρωπαϊκής ΄Ενωσης. Όταν κλήθηκε να The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas of 19 ως προς την πιθανή αντίθεση με το Σύνταγμα της νέας γνωμοδοτήσει the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas of London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are δυνατότητας συμμετοχής στις δημοτικές εκλογές πολιτών London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there αλλοδαπών and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. άλλων κρατών μελών (άρθρο 8) όχι απλώς θεώρησε τη Συνθήκη αυτή being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth συμβατή με same το άρθρο 93 τουsimilar ισπανικού συντάγματος δέχθηκε A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work ofαλλά Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the while in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major επίσης πανηγυρικά τη other συνταγματικότητα του συγκεκριμένου cities in Western countries, by Researchers. cities in Western countries, byαρμοδιοτήτων other Researchers. Since then,εξουσιών the issue και has preoccupied several scholars and for its περιορισμού των ισπανικών αρχών κιmore έτσι Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various ακολούθησε αναθεώρηση του άρθρου 13 παρ. 2 του συντάγματος comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations phenomenon of gentrification, the following: ώστε να αρθείofηthe αντισυνταγματικότητα. interpretations of the phenomenon thecategory following: In aΗsense, the phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend new of social groups Κύπρος συμφιλιώθηκε με τηνof aιδέα της υπεροχής του to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money κεκτημένου πολύ πιο εύκολα. Η ένταξη της στην ΕΕ το 2004 σήμαινε and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the αυτόματα ότιatcomes έμπαινε σε μία αποκλειστικά διακρατική συμμαχία καιin 1.of The term from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS wasbetter born sense safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, for Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, 19 she published in According 1943 studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and “Αρμοδιότητες που where ασκούνται από τιςher αρχές του Βασιλείου μπορούν να University College of London, she continued social research. Her public action and long-term informal effort αρχές by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of και buying μεταβιβασθούν σε διεθνείς μετάfor από αμοιβαία συμφωνία μεENGLISH άλλα Κράτη στο her work are characterized by a passion justice. See also: COLLINS DICTIONARY. and selling real estate, etc., for the depreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. COLLINS SONS AND Co Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: βαθμό και το μέτρο που θα προσδιορισθεί από το νόμο, με σκοπό την προώθηση Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: Abstract. http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm aδιεθνών variety of ways, in order to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually κανόνων δικαίου και συνεργασίας”.
76
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
αυτό θα ήταν καθοριστικός παράγοντας για την επίλυση του Κυπριακού προβλήματος. Από την ώρα που έχει ενταχθεί στο υπερεθνικό μόρφωμα που λέγεται Ευρωπαϊκή Ένωση, έχει αντιληφθεί ότι, μας επιβάλλει με σύγχρονη μορφήαρκετούς περιορισμούς. Παρά το γεγονός της ομαλής προσχώρησης της στην ΕΕ, Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS αντιμετώπισε πολύ γρήγορα τοByπρόβλημα σύγκρουσης δικαίων. Το Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, 2005 προέκυψε πρόβλημα αντισυνταγματικότητας του νόμου και δεν By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect μπορούσε να προβεί σε εκτέλεση ευρωπαϊκού εντάλματος προσώπου Student of the School of Architecture του Συντάγματος με στην Κύπρο. Οπότε προέβη στην 5η τροποποίηση Technical University of Crete την προσθήκη του 1Α20. Η 5η τροποποίηση του Κυπριακού Συντάγματος 1. Introductory approach: Defining conceptφορά στην ιστορία της, η ήταν η πλέον σημαντική, διότι γιαtheπρώτη 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, Κυπριακή Δημοκρατία εκχώρησε αρμοδιότητα σε ξένο όργανο να ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the νομοθετεί επ΄wise αυτής. among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. Αφορμή για την πέμπτη δόθηκε στις of 7 concepts. Νοεμβρίου acquisition of knowledge starts withτροποποίηση theindefinition the content Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term 2005 με την απόφαση του Ανωτάτου της Κύπρουthe στην 1 (and Based, therefore, on this “principle” inindicated aΔικαστηρίου first, if (in notthe final, approach, term urban gentrification) is area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 πολιτική έφεση Γενικός Εισαγγελέας της Δημοκρατίας v Κώστα gentrification (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Κωνσταντίνου. Η αίτηση αφορούσε πολίτη της Κυπριακής Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andένταλµα thethis placement there of artists, Δημοκρατίας του οποίου εκδόθηκε σύλληψης από τις the operation ofεναντίον art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has,εκκρεμούσε results also ποινική rising of δίωξη land prices (andτου theof δικαστικές αρχές του ΗΒ, όπου εναντίον whatever other consequences has, results also of land prices (and the potential relative αναφορικά µε speculation). αδικήματα συνωμοσίας. Τοrising Επαρχιακό Δικαστήριο potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to Λεµεσού αποφάσισε πρωτοδίκως ότι η αίτηση της Κυπριακής The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to the then observed trend of to buy property in poor areas of 21 δεν μπορούσε να Δημοκρατίας, µε βάση τιςwealthy πρόνοιες τουtoΝόμου, the then observed trend of people buy property in poor areas of London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are προωθηθεί, αφού η ενstay λόγω εναρμονιστική της London, upgrade them, themselves sometimesνοµοθεσία there and thus oldαπόφασης residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. για το Ευρωπαϊκό Ένταλµα Σύλληψης, συγκρούετο µε τη διάταξη του being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth ηwork Τροποποίηση του άρθρου 11(2) (στ) Σ, ως είχε πριν την 5 A description of this phenomenon is included in the of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major Συντάγματος. cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more Since then, the issue has several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized from comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: 20 ΑΡΘΡΟΝ 1Α Συντάγματος interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new category of social groups Ουδεμία διάταξη του Συντάγματος θεωρείται ότι ακυρώνει νόμους που to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money θεσπίζονται, πράξεις που διενεργούνται ή μέτρα που λαμβάνονται από τη Δημοκρατία τα and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the οποία καθίστανται αναγκαία από τις υποχρεώσεις της ως κράτους μέλους της 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense safety theούτε distributed residencies outside town centres, Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης εμποδίζει Κανονισμούς, Οδηγίες ή άλλες πράξεις ήstudy δεσμευτικά Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) μέτρα χαρακτήρα από την Ένωση ή από τιςfor Youthνομοθετικού Unemployment. The sameπου yearθεσπίζονται she left Germany and Ευρωπαϊκή after continuous movements lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private car access to markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London Neweasier York she came back toτους London, Ευρωπαϊκές Κοινότητες ή από τα θεσμικά τουςand όργανα ή από τα αρμόδιά σώματα in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and στη βάση των συνθηκών που ιδρύουν τιςcontinued Ευρωπαϊκές Κοινότητες ή τηνHer Ευρωπαϊκή Ένωση University College of London, where she her social research. public action and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying από ναare έχουν νομική ισχύ Δημοκρατία. her του work characterized by aστη passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. 21 and selling real estate, etc., for the depreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. COLLINS SONS AND Co Ltd. London The Free Encyclopedia: Περί Ευρωπαϊκού Εντάλματος Σύλληψης2009. και WIKIPEDIA: των Διαδικασιών Παράδοσης Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: Abstract. http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm aΕκζητουµένων variety of ways, in order to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually μεταξύ των Κρατών Μελών της Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης Ν. 133(Ι)/2004.
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
Με αφορμή την ανωτέρω υπόθεση η Κυπριακή Δημοκρατία προέβη στην 5η τροποποίηση του Συντάγματος και προχώρησε ένα βήμα παρά πέρα παγιώνοντας την υπεροχή της ευρωπαϊκής νομοθεσίας έναντι του Συντάγματος.
Συμπεράσματα Η ανάγνωση και μελέτηBy Mr. τωνGeorge-Sp. ανωτέρωC. ATHANASOPOULOS υποθέσεων ήταν Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, καταλύτης για να εξαχθούν τα πιο κάτω συμπεράσματα. By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Η διαφύλαξη της συνταγματικής ταυτότητας των κρατώνArchitect μελών Student of the School of Architecture αναδεύεται από το γεγονός ότι στο ευρωπαϊκό περιβάλλον λόγο έχουν Technical University of Crete τα κράτη μέλη. Τα κράτη μέλη συνδιαμορφώνουν το ευρωπαϊκό 1. Introductory Defining theΕυρωκοινοβούλιο. concept Κεκτημένο με τη approach: συμμετοχή τους στο Τα κράτη μέλη 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, έχουν τη δυνατότητα να αναβαθμίζουν συνεχώς τη θέση τους μέσα the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, επηρεάζουν he established(444 a great στηνANTISTHENIS, ευρωπαϊκή ένωση και να τα πράγματα και the τις among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. εξελίξεις, ανάλογα με with την theδύναμη που απαριθμούν στο acquisition of knowledge starts the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” indefinition a first, if of not final, approach, the term Ευρωκοινοβούλιο. 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban Εν κατακλείδι, η μεταφορά σημαντικών τομέων της εθνικής gentrification gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various διακυβέρνησης στην Ευρωπαϊκή ΄Ενωση αποκαλύπτει πως στενεύει το Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), ofτων social groups, usually of των low-income and the placement of artists, φάσμα αρμοδιοτήτων εθνικών συνταγμάτων αφού η the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”,there regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other has, results also rising of της landΈνωσης. prices (and theof νομολογία έχει consequences θεμελιώσει την υπεροχή του δικαίου
whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof ΒΙΒΛΙΟΓΡΑΦΙΑ London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth Βιβλία: A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major Αθανασόπουλος ΓΕ. Κωνσταντίνος cities1.in Western countries, by other Researchers. (2014), Διοικητικό Δίκαιο. cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and forΈρευνας, its more Νέα έκδοση. Εκδόσεις Κέντρου Επιμόρφωσης, Μελετών, Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various Ανάπτυξης, Αθήναι. comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the of gentrification, the following: 2. Μαυριάς Γ.phenomenon Κώστας (2000), Συνταγματικό Δίκαιο Ι, Εκδόσεις interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: In Ν, a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new category of social groups Αντ. Σάκκουλα. to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money 3. Σπηλιωτόπουλος Π. Επαμεινώνδας (2001), Εγχειρίδιο and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the Δικοικητικού Δικαίου Ενδέκατη Έκδοση, Εκδόσεις Αντ.search Ν. Σάκκουλα, 1.of The termat comes fromΙ,Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth GLASS wasbetter born in sense safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, for Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: Αθήνα-Κομοτηνή. services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research. Her public action and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Άρθρα 4. Προκόπης Παυλόπουλος Πρόεδρος της Ελληνικής Δημοκρατίας, Concerns Το Σύνταγμα μεταξύ Διεθνούς και Ευρωπαϊκού δικαίου. Η ιεραρχία της έννομης τάξης ιστοσελίδα presidency,gr.
By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, Ιστοσελίδες By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS 5. Ευρωπαικό Κοινοβούλιο στην υπηρεσία Architect σας Student of the School of Architecture (www.europarl.europa.eu/atyourservice.). Θεματολογικά δελτία για τη Technical University of Crete
Ευρωπαική Ένωση. 1.6. Introductory approach: Defining the concept Law – constitution, web.Auth.gr/files/2009 Προεπισκόπηση 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, Βιβλίου Λ. Παπαδοπούλου, σελ.299.
ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. Νομοθεσία acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term Α. 7. Σύνταγμα Κυπριακής Δημοκρατίας. ΑΡΘΡΟΝ 1area 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) is of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban gentrification) 8. Ν. 133(Ι)/2004, Περί Ευρωπαϊκού Εντάλματος Σύλληψης και gentrification is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various των Διαδικασιών Παράδοσης Εκζητουµένων μεταξύ των Κρατών Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement of artists, Μελών της Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης. the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”,there regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other Συνθήκης consequences alsoΣυντάγματος rising of land της prices (and theof 9. Σχέδιο γιαhas, τη results Θέσπιση Ευρώπης, whatever other consequences has, results also 9-10. rising of land prices (and the potential relative speculation). Ευρωπαική Συνέλευση, 18 Ιουλίου 2003, σελ potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor Νομολογία the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof 10. ΣτΕ 3242/2004,Δτμήμα. London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. 11. ΣτΕ 3471/2011. being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth 12. BVerfGE 37,271 2Bvt.52/71 A description ofperiod, this phenomenon isSolange includedi-decision(1974). inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar situations in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major 13.in Western BVerfGEcountries, 73, 339 by 2 Bvr 197/83 Solange II-decision (1986). cities other Researchers. cities Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more 14. inBundesverfassungsgericht, 89, 155 της 12/10.93, Maastricht. Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from various 15. ΔΕΚ 6/64, Flaminio Costa k. EnteNazionale per the LforEnergia comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon Elettrica (E.N.E.L.), 15.06.1964. of gentrification, the following: interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: In phenomenon is due to a trendβλ. of a new category of social 16.a sense, Das theBundesverfassungericht, αναλυτικά σε groups http: to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money www.Bundesverfassungsgericht.de. and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the 17. Frontiniv. delle Finaze (1974). 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense safety theMinistero distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: 18. S.p.a. Granital v. Amministrazione delle Finanze dello stato services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for (1984). lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research. Her public action and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually 252179 11
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Συνέντευξη του Καθηγητού Κων. ΓΕ. ΑΘΑΝΑΣΟΠΟΥΛΟΥ: Concerns Το Πανεπιστήμιο ΝΕΑΠΟΛΙΣ, Πάφος,
By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Κοιτίδα Παιδείας, Επιστήμης και Πολιτισμού
Το
Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Student of the School of Architecture Πανεπιστήμιο ΝΕΑΠΟΛΙΣ στην Πάφο έχει καταστεί μέσα Technical University of Crete
σε λίγα χρόνια, από την ίδρυσή του το έτος 2010, σημαντική κοιτίδα 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept
1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept παιδείας, επιστήμης και πολιτισμού, υλοποιώντας, τοAthens), όραμα ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -έτσι, 370 BC,
the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he του, left us, he established a great the τουANTISTHENIS, Ιδρυτού και Προέδρου κ. Μιχαλάκη ΛΕΠΤΟΥ. among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the Μεtherefore, μεθόδους acquisition ofπρωτοποριακές knowledge starts with theindefinition the content ofερευνητικές concepts. Based, on this “principle” a first,διδασκαλίας, if of not final, approach, the term 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the areaΕπιστημονικές of Planning) (or gentrification δραστηριότητες ποικίλλων πεδίων, παράλληλες 1 (andεπί gentrification urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various κι Επιμορφωτικές εκδηλώσεις, έκδοση υπό μέλους του ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”, regardless of Επιστημονικού Προσωπικού Περιοδικού, συμμετοχή των the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof whatever otherτου consequences results also rising of land prices (and the διδασκόντων σε διεθνείςhas, δραστηριότητες - Συνέδρια Ημερίδες, potential relative speculation). potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to υπογραφή Πρωτοκόλλων Συνεργασίας με Πανεπιστήμια, με The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UKξένα in early 1960s and itareas refers the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor ofto the then observed trend wealthy people to there buy property in poor areas επιλογή βάσει αυστηρών προδιαγραφών των Μελών του London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes and thus old residents areof London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. το Πανεπιστήμιο ΝΕΑΠΟΛΙΣ χαίρει πλέον Διδακτικού Προσωπικού, being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth A description ofperiod, this phenomenon included inwere theΚοινωνία work of Sociologist Ruth αρίστης αποδοχής από την is situations Κυπριακή και major την GLASS at the same while similar recorded in other GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. Επιστημονική Κοινότητα και εκτός Κύπρου. cities in Western countries, byεντός other Researchers. Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more Since the issue has several below, scholars andthe for various its more Μεthen, σχετική συζήτησή μας,summarized ο Καθηγητής καιfrom Πρόεδρος της comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: Σχολής Νομικών Κοινωνικών Επιστημών, Κωνσταντίνος ΓΕ. interpretations theκαι phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus several reasons: highαπό costsπλευράς in money ΑΘΑΝΑΣΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ, αναφέρει ότι η for συνεχής επένδυση and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the Πανεπιστημίου σεfrom στελέχη, νέες τεχνολογίες καιRuth σε search πρωτοπόρες termat comes Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) τεχνικές διδασκαλίας και έρευνας συγκροτούν σημαντικά εχέγγυα Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower livingresearch cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, για τοand Πανεπιστήμιο ΝΕΑΠΟΛΙΣ προς επίτευξη των in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due aπολυεδρικών systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research. Her public action and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying σκοπών και στόχων του. her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually
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Κύριε Καθηγητά, εκτιμάτε η Κύπρος μπορεί να καταστεί GENTRIFICATION Definition, Typesότιof Intervention, διεθνής πόλος Πανεπιστημιακών δραστηριοτήτων; Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification «Η απάντηση είναι εντόνως καταφατικό και παρά την Concerns τρέχουσα, μη επιθυμητή διεθνή συγκυρία, οι προοπτικές είναι ιδιαιτέρως θετικές.
By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS
University, Graduate School of Design, Student, Με τη δεδομένηHarvard αποδοχή, π.χ. του Πανεπιστημίου ΝΕΑΠΟΛΙΣ
By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect
εκτός Κύπρου, λόγω προσφοράς υψηλής ποιότητας εκπαιδευτικών Student of the School of Architecture of Crete υπηρεσιών και μάλιστα σε προσιτό κόστος,Technical κοινώνUniversity δράσεων με
1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept αλλοδαπά πανεπιστήμια, συμμετοχής σε Προγράμματα Ανταλλαγής 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept
ANTISTHENIS, the ancient από Greek (444 BC - 370σπουδών BC, Athens), Φοιτητών, οι χορηγούμενοι τοphilosopher, Πανεπιστήμιο ως ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444τίτλοι BC - 370 BC, Athens),
among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great “principle”: the among other wise τίτλους heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a αποτελούν greatof“principle”: the ισότιμοι με τους κύρους, έγκυρα acquisition of knowledge startsΠανεπιστημίων with of the content concepts. acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term διαβατήρια, για περαιτέρω σπουδές οπουδήποτε και ευχερούς 1 (and Based, therefore, on this “principle” inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term urban gentrification) is area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 gentrification (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or εισόδου στις αγορές Sociology as well), as theεργασίας». “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, Ποιοι κλάδοι σπουδών είναι οι δημοφιλείς στο ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and πλέον thethis placement of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”,there regardless of the operation ofconsequences art galleries, restaurants, etc.also However regardless whatever other has, results risingthis of “change”, land prices (and theof Πανεπιστήμιό σας; whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative «Με ευχαρίστηση σας πληροφορώ ότι όλοι παρεχόμενοι κλάδοι potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to The term gentrification found atpeople first the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed ofiswealthy to buy property in poor σπουδών από τοtrend Πανεπιστήμιό μαςinχαίρουν ιδιαίτερης εκτίμησης, the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof λόγω της υψηλής ποιότητας τους καιthere των «παράπλευρων» London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth πρόσθετων δωρεάν ποικίλλων δραστηριοτήτων εμπλουτισμού του A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major Επιστημονικού σκέλους τους. GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities inΓνωρίζετε, Western countries, bypreoccupied other Since then, the issue has several scholars and forσπουδών its more βεβαίως, οι Researchers. επιλογές προγραμμάτων Since then, the issue has several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized from συναρτώνται με σειρά παραγόντων, όπως προσωπικής comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new category ofοικονομικής social groups ιδιοσυγκρασίας, οικογενειακών προτεραιοτήτων, to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money κατάστασης κ.ά. Με ευχαρίστηση and time to travel from the ιδιαίτερη purlieus to downtown, whereσας workπληροφορώ place is, lack ofότι the 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, σήμερα οι φοιτητές μας προέρχονται από περισσότερα από 20 κράτη. Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for ΣτοcostΠανεπιστήμιο ΝΕΑΠΟΛΙΣ, πέραν τωνback Διοικητικών lower living of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and Στελεχών Υποδοχής Νέων Φοιτητών, όλοι οι διδάσκοντες είναι University College of London, where she continued her social research. Her public action and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. οποτεδήποτε ζητηθεί στη διάθεση initially τωνWIKIPEDIA: ενδιαφερόμενων για and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. The Free Encyclopedia: Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: Abstract. http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm aπεραιτέρω variety of ways, in order to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually διευκρινήσεις, υπεύθυνες υποδείξεις κ.ά. 252181 11
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Μεταξύ τωνGENTRIFICATION προσφερόμενων Προγραμμάτων Σπουδών Definition, Types σήμερα of Intervention, αναφέρω ενδεικτικά τα εξής: Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Προπτυχιακά Προγράμματα μεταξύ άλλων: Νομική, Διοίκηση Concerns Επιχειρήσεων, Εκτίμηση και Ανάπτυξη Ακινήτων, Αρχιτεκτονική, Εφαρμοσμένη Πληροφορική, κ.ά.
By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS
University,Διοίκηση Graduate School of Design, Student, Μεταπτυχιακά Harvard Προγράμματα: Επιχειρήσεων (ΜΒΑ),
By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect
Ευρωπαϊκή Διακυβέρνηση, Διεθνές και Ευρωπαϊκό Δίκαιο, Student of theΟικονομικό School of Architecture Technical University Real Estate, Δημόσια Διοίκηση, Πληροφοριακά Συστήματα, κ.ά. of Crete
1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept Εξ Αποστάσεως Προγράμματα: Διοίκηση Επιχειρήσεων (ΜΒΑ), 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, Γενική Διοίκηση, Εκπαιδευτική Διοίκηση, Διοίκηση Υπηρεσιών, ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC,κά. Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the amongΔιδακτορικά other wise heritage leftthe us,definition established aμεgreat “principle”: Προγράμματα σεheσυνεργασία το of Πανεπιστήμιο acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term Πελοποννήσου: Δημόσια Διοίκηση, Διοίκηση Επιχειρήσεων, Διοίκηση 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term (or gentrification (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Νοσηλευτικών Τραπεζικά, - (in Ιστορία, Sociology as well), asΜονάδων, the “refining” of a city area, the Φιλολογία removal from this, various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement Πληροφορική κ.ά.». ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative Τοrelative Πανεπιστήμιο ΝΕΑΠΟΛΙΣ είναι «νεότευκτο», αλλά potential speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to The term gentrification found atpeople first inλόγω the UKτης in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor αναπτύσσεται με ταχείς ρυθμούς, υψηλής ποιότητας the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof παρεχόμενων πολυεδρικών υπηρεσιών του. there and thus old residents are London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologistστην Ruth «Σημειώστε ότι είναι το μοναδικό Ιδιωτικό Πανεπιστήμιο A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major Κύπρο, το οποίο συνεστήθει ευθύς εξ αρχής ως Πανεπιστήμιο και GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then, the issue has scholars and for its more προήλθε από «μετεξέλιξη» άλλου τύπουseveral εκπαιδευτικού ιδρύματος. Since then, the issue has several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized from Πέραν του συνήθους ανταγωνισμού το Πανεπιστήμιο comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: In a sense, the phenomenon is due to aνα trend of a new category social groups ΝΕΑΠΟΛΙΣ πρωτίστως καλείται αντιμετωπίσει μεofτόλμη τους to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money υψηλούς καταστατικούς σκοπούς καιwhere στόχους and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, work placeτου, is, lackεντός of the 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter sense safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, περιβάλλοντος οικονομικής κρίσης και διεθνούς δυσπραγίας, born τηνin Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for ανάγκη προσφοράς υπηρεσιών μεprivate κατά το δυνατόν προσιτό σε όλους lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and οικονομικό κόστος, και she ακόμη την προσφορά και άλλων University College of London, where continued her social research. Her public action and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. εκπαιδευτικών, πολιτιστικών και κοινωνικών υπηρεσιών στους and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: Gentrification: G.δωρεάν, ALEXANDRI: Abstract. http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm aφοιτητές variety ofτου ways, in order to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually πέραν των συμβατικών υποχρεώσεών του».
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Ποιο το όραμά σας για την GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types ofείναι Intervention, εξέλιξη του Πανεπιστημίου ΝΕΑΠΟΛΙΣ; Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Η φιλοσοφία του Πανεπιστημίου Concerns είναι να προσφέρει μια ολιστική εκπαιδευτική εμπειρία, η οποία να οδηγεί
By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University, Graduate School of Design,και Student, στην προσωπική ανάπτυξη τη By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect διανοητική συγκρότηση και αυτονόμηση Student of the School of Architecture Technical University of Crete των φοιτητών μας με την παροχή
1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept σύγχρονης γνώσης και δεξιοτήτων 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancientδιάρκειας. Greek philosopher, Ο στρατηγικός η ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC στόχος -“principle”: 370 BC,είναι Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a Πανεπιστημίου greatof“principle”: the διαρκής αποδοχή τουcontent acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the concepts. ως acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term ενός ακαδημαϊκά έγκυρου και κοινωνικά 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” inindicated a first, if (in not final, approach, the term gentrification) is the area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 gentrification (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or λυσιτελούς και Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, theαποτελεσματικού removal from this, (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, τελεσφόρου πουof artists, να ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andιδρύματος, thethis placement the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”,there regardless of the operation ofconsequences art galleries, restaurants, etc.also However “change”, regardless whatever other has, results rising of land prices (andτων theof ανταποκρίνεται τόσοthis στις προσδοκίες whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative φοιτητών του όσο και της κοινωνίας. potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to The term gentrification found atpeople first UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor Οι in the βραχυχρόνιοι στόχοι the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof περιλαμβάνουν την andπροσθήκη νέων London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in theΠανεπιστήμιο work of Sociologist προγραμμάτων στο καιRuth την A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major περαιτέρω ανάπτυξη της ερευνητικής του GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more δραστηριότητας. Since then, the issue has several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized from Όλοι στο Πανεπιστήμιο ΝΕΑΠΟΛΙΣ comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: In a sense, the phenomenon isσυμμεριζόμαστε due to a trend of aτο new category social groups όραμα τουofΙδρυτού και to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money Προέδρου του, where κ. Μιχαλάκη ΛΕΠΤΟΥ, and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, work place is, lack ofκαι the termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, των συνεργατών του για ένα ακαδημαϊκό Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for ίδρυμα διεθνούς εμβέλειας, μεmarkets, καταλυτικό lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and ρόλο στον εκπαιδευτικό χώρο τηςaction εγγύς University College of London, where she continued her social research. Her public and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. περιοχής μας,initially αλλά και τηςof Ευρώπης». and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for the depreciation of part the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Co Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually Π.
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Student of the School of Architecture Technical University of Crete
1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept 1. Introductory approach: the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term (or gentrification (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more Since then, the issue has several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized from comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new category of social groups to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research. Her public action and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Student of the School of Architecture Technical University of Crete
1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept 1. Introductory approach: the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term (or gentrification (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more Since then, the issue has several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized from comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new category of social groups to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research. Her public action and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually 252185 11
E¶.A¶. A¶.TO¶. TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP.AN. AN./ R.DEC. / R.DEC.ADM. ADM.LOC. LOC.DEV. DEV.REG. REG./ R. / R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC.GOV. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. DEV. E¶.
GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Student of the School of Architecture Technical University of Crete
1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept 1. Introductory approach: the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term (or gentrification (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more Since then, the issue has several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized from comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new category of social groups to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research. Her public action and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually
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E¶.A¶. A¶.TO¶. TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP.AN. AN./ R.DEC. / R.DEC.ADM. ADM.LOC. LOC.DEV. DEV.REG. REG./ R. / R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC.GOV. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. DEV. E¶.
GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Student of the School of Architecture Technical University of Crete
1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept 1. Introductory approach: the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term (or gentrification (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more Since then, the issue has several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized from comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new category of social groups to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research. Her public action and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually 252187 11
E¶.A¶. A¶.TO¶. TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP.AN. AN./ R.DEC. / R.DEC.ADM. ADM.LOC. LOC.DEV. DEV.REG. REG./ R. / R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC.GOV. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. DEV. E¶.
GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Student of the School of Architecture Technical University of Crete
1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept 1. Introductory approach: the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term (or gentrification (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more Since then, the issue has several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized from comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new category of social groups to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research. Her public action and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Student of the School of Architecture Technical University of Crete
1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept 1. Introductory approach: the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term (or gentrification (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more Since then, the issue has several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized from comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new category of social groups to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research. Her public action and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually 252189 11
E¶.A¶. A¶.TO¶. TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP.AN. AN./ R.DEC. / R.DEC.ADM. ADM.LOC. LOC.DEV. DEV.REG. REG./ R. / R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC.GOV. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. DEV. E¶.
GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Student of the School of Architecture Technical University of Crete
1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept 1. Introductory approach: the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term (or gentrification (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more Since then, the issue has several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized from comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new category of social groups to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research. Her public action and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Student of the School of Architecture Technical University of Crete
1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept 1. Introductory approach: the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term (or gentrification (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more Since then, the issue has several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized from comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new category of social groups to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research. Her public action and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually 252191 11
E¶.A¶. A¶.TO¶. TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP.AN. AN./ R.DEC. / R.DEC.ADM. ADM.LOC. LOC.DEV. DEV.REG. REG./ R. / R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC.GOV. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. DEV. E¶.
GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Student of the School of Architecture Technical University of Crete
1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept 1. Introductory approach: the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term (or gentrification (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more Since then, the issue has several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized from comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new category of social groups to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research. Her public action and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Student of the School of Architecture Technical University of Crete
1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept 1. Introductory approach: the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term (or gentrification (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more Since then, the issue has several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized from comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new category of social groups to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research. Her public action and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually 252193 11
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Φορολογική διαχείριση σελίδας μισθωμάτων που GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, καταβάλλονται για τη χρήση δικαιωμάτων Definition, Types of 1intervention, Concerns(franchising) of Gentrification
Concerns
Της κυρίας Βαρβ. ΒΕΛΗ, ΜSc, MBA, PhDc
By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, Franchising ή δικαιόχρηση ονομάζεται η τεχνική της υιοθέτησης και By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect χρήσης ενός επιτυχημένου επιχειρηματικού μοντέλου και η of επονομασία Student of the School Architecture Technical University of Crete κάποιου άλλου έναντι ενός αντιτίμου. Είναι το σύνολο των δικαιωμάτων
βιομηχανικής ή πνευματικής ιδιοκτησίας που αφορούν εμπορικά σήματα και 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept επωνυμίες, πινακίδες καταστημάτων, πρότυπα χρήσεως, σχέδια, δικαιώματα 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, αντιγραφής τεχνογνωσίας ή διπλώματα ευρεσιτεχνίας προς εκμετάλλευση με ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370σε BC,τελικούς Athens), among other wise heritage he left us,ήhe established a great the σκοπό την μεταπώληση προϊόντων την παροχή(444 υπηρεσιών among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great “principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with the definition of the content of concepts. 2 χρήστες . acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition of the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if not final, approach, the term Ιστορικά, το franchising ξεκίνησε στη Γερμανία, στα μέσα του 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification 19ου αιώνα από τον κλάδο της ζυθοποιίας, αλλά(in μεγαλύτερη ανάπτυξη 1 (and gentrification urban gentrification) indicated thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal (in various έλαβε χώρα στις ΗΠΑ κυρίως μετά τον Β΄ Παγκόσμιο Πόλεμο, με Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, γνωστή εταιρεία των fastfood. Οι Ηνωμένες Πολιτείες έχουν μια ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”,there regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless ηγετική θέση franchising, μια θέσηalso πουrising έχει στην κατοχή whatever otherστο consequences has, results of land prices της (andαπό theof whatever other consequences has, resultsστα also rising of landfastfood, prices (and the το 1930, η θέση αυτή αναφέρεται εστιατόρια στα potential relative speculation). potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to πανδοχεία στα τρόφιμα και, λίγο αργότερα, στα μοτέλ κατά τη The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas of διάρκεια της Μεγάλης Ύφεσης. Από τότε, το franchising εξαπλώθηκεto the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old areof γρήγορα και στην Ευρώπη, και σήμερα αντιπροσωπεύει τοresidents 10% του London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. λιανικού εμπορίου και έναντι 50% στις ΗΠΑ. Η άνθηση που being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth παρατηρείται στο κυρίως έντονο A description ofperiod, this franchising phenomenon isοφείλεται included inwere the work ofστον Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar situations recorded in other major ανταγωνισμό που συναντάται στις σύγχρονες αγορές, οι οποίες GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, byσυνεχείς other Researchers. γεννούν την ανάγκη αλλαγές στον τρόποand προβολής και Since then, the issueγια has preoccupied several scholars for its more Since then, the issue has several below, scholars andthe for various its more διάθεσης των προϊόντων. comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized from comprehensive approach being summarized from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thebelow, following: Στη χώρα μας,για τηare Φορολογική μεταχείριση μισθωμάτων που interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: In a sense, the phenomenon is due toδικαιωμάτων a trend of a new category of socialμε groups καταβάλλονται για τη χρήση (franchising) τις to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money διατάξεις της παραγράφου 1 του άρθρου 38 του ν. 4172/2013 ορίζεται and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the η έννοια των δικαιωμάτων για σκοπούς φορολογίας εισοδήματος. termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, την ΠΟΛ. εγκύκλιο δόθηκαν γιαentitled: την Berlin,Με where she made1042/2015 her first studies. In 1932 she publishedδιευκρινίσεις, an important study services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youthφορολογική Unemployment.μεταχείριση The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for ορθή του εισοδήματος από μερίσματα, τόκους lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research. Her public action and 1 long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying ΠΟΛ her work are1029-2/3/2017 characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. 2 and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franchising 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
και δικαιώματα μετά την έναρξη ισχύος των διατάξεων του νέου Κ.Φ.Ε3. Ειδικότερα, διευκρινίστηκε ότι σε περίπτωση μικτών συμβάσεων που περιλαμβάνουν αμοιβές για την παροχή άλλων υπηρεσιών και καταβολή δικαιωμάτων, θα πρέπει να γίνεται επιμερισμός των ποσών που αφορούν τα δικαιώματα, με βάση τα οριζόμενα στην υπόψη σύμβαση, ή με βάση λοιπά διαθέσιμα στοιχεία George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS που να τεκμηριώνουν επαρκώς By τονMr.όποιο επιμερισμό (π.χ. υπηρεσίες Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, (franchising, managementfees οι οποίες δεν είναι δικαιώματα). By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Με τις διατάξεις του άρθρου 22 Student του ν.4172/2013, τίθεται ο of the School of Architecture γενικός κανόνας για την έκπτωση των επιχειρηματικών δαπανών. Technical University of Crete Ειδικότερα, ορίζεται ότι, κατά τον προσδιορισμό του κέρδους από 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept επιχειρηματική δραστηριότητα των φυσικών προσώπων που 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, αποκτούν εισόδημα από επιχειρηματική δραστηριότητα, καθώς και ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage heκαι left us, he established a great the τωννομικών προσώπων νομικών οντοτήτων, επιτρέπεται η among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. έκπτωση όλων των δαπανών, οι definition οποίες πληρούν αθροιστικά τα acquisition of knowledge starts with the the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if of not final, approach, the term ακόλουθα κριτήρια, με την επιφύλαξη των διατάξεων του άρθρου 23 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban και της παραγράφου 4 του άρθρου 48, αναφορικά με τις δαπάνες που gentrification gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various κατά ρητή διατύπωση του νόμου δεν εκπίπτουν από τα ακαθάριστα Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement of artists, έσοδα των επιχειρήσεων. Ειδικότερα, εκπίπτουν οι δαπάνες που: the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”,there regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whateverα) other consequences has, προς resultsτοalso rising of land prices (and the πραγματοποιούνται συμφέρον της επιχείρησης ήof whatever other consequences has, results alsoτης. rising of land prices (and the potential relative speculation). κατά τις συνήθεις εμπορικές συναλλαγές potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early η 1960s it refers to β) αντιστοιχούν σε πραγματική συναλλαγή, αξίαand της οποίας The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto theδεν then observed trend of to buy property in poor κρίνεται κατώτερη ή ανώτερη αγοραίας, στη βάσηareas τωνof the then observed trend wealthy peopleτης to there buy property in poor London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes and thus old residents are στοιχείων που διαθέτει η Φορολογική Διοίκηση. London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. γ) εγγράφονται στα λογιστικά αρχεία (βιβλία) επιχείρησης being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work ofτης Sociologist Ruth την περίοδο που πραγματοποιούνται και αποδεικνύονται με A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major 4 GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major κατάλληλα cities in Westernδικαιολογητικά countries, by other. Researchers. cities countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then, the issue has several scholars and forσύμβαση its more Ηin Western σύμβαση δικαιόχρησης (franchising), αποτελεί Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its που more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various διαρκούς συνεργασίας μεταξύ δύο ανεξάρτητων επιχειρήσεων, comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations the phenomenon of gentrification, the following:προϊόντων ή αποτελεί απόofοικονομική άποψη μέθοδο προωθήσεως interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thecategory following: In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new of social groups υπηρεσιών, στο πλαίσιο της οποίας η μία επιχείρηση (δικαιοπάροχος ή to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money δότης, franchisor) παραχωρεί στην άλλη (δικαιοδόχο ή λήπτρια, and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the franchisee), ορισμένο ή αόριστο και έναντι άμεσου ή έμμεσου 1.of The termγια from Sociologist Ruthχρόνο GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth GLASS wasbetter born in sense safety atcomes the distributed residencies outside town centres, search for Berlin, where she ανταλλάγματος, made her first studies. το In 1932 she published an important study entitled: οικονομικού δικαίωμα εκμεταλλεύσεως του services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for αποκαλούμενου ή πακέτου δικαιόχρησης προς τον lower living cost of,συνόλου “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.της studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back toσκοπό London, where in According 1943 sheσυγκεκριμένου published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In sheto became teacher in the πώλησης τύπουthe προϊόντων ή 1950 παροχής σε to another approach, is due aυπηρεσιών systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, ofaction buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: 3 Ν.4172/2013 G. ALEXANDRI: Abstract. http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually 4
https://www.taxheaven.gr/laws/circular/view/id/25726
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
τελικούς χρήστες. Σαν πακέτο δικαιόχρησης, νοείται ένα σύνολο δικαιωμάτων βιομηχανικής ή πνευματικής ιδιοκτησίας, τα οποία αφορούν σήματα, επωνυμίες, διακριτικά γνωρίσματα καταστημάτων, πρότυπα χρήσεως, σχέδια, ευρεσιτεχνίες, υποδείγματα και τεχνογνωσία, και έτερων συμβατικών δικαιωμάτων, όπως είναι αυτά της προμήθειας προϊόντων από συγκεκριμένους παραγωγούς, της By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS χρήσης και της εκμετάλλευσης καταστημάτων και εξοπλισμού. Μέσω Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, της σύμβασης δικαιόχρησης ο λήπτης αυτής εντάσσεται σε έναStudent, ενιαίο By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect σύστημα διανομής, το οποίο χαρακτηρίζεται από υψηλό βαθμό Student of the School of Architecture ομοιομορφίας προς τα έξω των επιχειρήσεων (καταστημάτων), οι Technical University of Crete οποίες είναι ενταγμένες στο ίδιο σύστημα δικαιόχρησης. Η σύμβαση 1. Introductoryπεριέχει approach:στοιχεία Defining the concept δικαιόχρησης περισσότερων συμβάσεων, όπως 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept 5 ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC BC, Athens), ανεξαρτήτων μίσθωσης προσοδοφόρου αντικειμένου , παροχής- 370 ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the 6 υπηρεσιών (άρθρα 648 επ. ΑΚ) και εντολής . among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. Η εκπλήρωση των προβλεπόμενων στη the σύμβαση δικαιόχρησης acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term εκατέρωθεν υποχρεώσεων προϋποθέτει μάλιστα τη σύναψη 1 (and Based, therefore, on this “principle” inindicated a first, if (in not final, approach, the term urban gentrification) is the area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 ειδικότερων εκτελεστικών συμβάσεων,όπως π.χ. της πώλησης του gentrification (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various αναγκαίου εξοπλισμού για τη λειτουργία του συγκεκριμένου Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement there of artists, καταστήματος, της προμήθειας των εμπορευμάτων και the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.συμβατικών However “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever has, results also of land prices πρώτων other υλών.consequences Τόσο η αναγκαιότητα τηςrising κατάρτισης, όσο (and και the τοof whatever other consequences has, results also εκτελεστικών rising of land prices (and the potential relative speculation). ειδικότερο περιεχόμενο των προειρημένων συμβάσεων potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to δύνανται να καθορισθούν μόνον ενόψει των συγκεκριμένων αναγκών The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refers to the then observed trend of to buy property in poor of 7Η που προκύπτουν στο πλαίσιο της people συνεργασίας μεταξύ των μερών. the then observed trend of wealthy to buy property in poor areas of London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are πλειονότητα τωνthem, συμβάσεων franchisee προβλέπει από London, upgrade stay themselves sometimes there andτην thusπληρωμή old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. τον λήπτη (franchisee) στον δότη (franchisor) χρηματικών ποσών κατά being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth τακτά χρονικά διαστήματα, όλη τη διάρκεια τους A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the της workσυμβατικής of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same whileκαθ' similar recorded in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major σχέσης, με τη μορφή ποσοστών συνήθως επί του κύκλου εργασιών της cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, byκαταβαλλομένων other Researchers. Since then,του the issue has preoccupied several its more επιχείρησης λήπτη σεscholars μηνιαίαand ή for τριμηνιαία Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more 8 comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various βάση . comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon gentrification, theαπό following: Όπως είχε γίνει δεκτό απόofτην ΑΑΔΕ, πριν την έναρξη ισχύος interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: a sense, the phenomenon is due toμεa trend of a new category ofεγκύκλιο social groups τουInν.4172/2013 και ειδικότερα την ΠΟΛ. 1142/1997 με to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money την οποία δόθηκαν διευκρινίσεις για την ορθή εφαρμογή των and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the διατάξεων του ν.2459/1997 με τον τροποποιήθηκαν διατάξεις 1.of The term from Sociologist Ruthοποίο GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS wasbetter born in sense safety atcomes the distributed residencies outside town centres, for Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth5Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for άρθρα 638of, επ.“withdrawal” ΑΚ lower living cost from private car easier access to markets, etc. studies 6 and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back to London, where άρθρα 713 επ. ΑΚstudies in According 1943 she published regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and 7 University College of London, where she continued her social research. Her public action and ΠΠρΠατρ 578/2015. long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying 8 her work characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISHέκδ. DICTIONARY. Δ.areΚωστάκης, Νομική και Επιχειρηματική Διάσταση, Νομική and selling realCOLLINS estate,franchising: etc., for theCo depreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: Βιβλιοθήκη 1998, σελ. 66 επ.). G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns του προγενέστερου Κ.Φ.Ε. (ν.2238/1994), αν ο δικαιοπάροχος είναι By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS ταυτόχρονα και προμηθευτής των πωλούμενων από τον δικαιοδόχο Harvard University, Graduate School of Student, εμπορευμάτων, τότε δεν μπορεί να εκπέσει φορολογικά Design, καμία δαπάνη By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect για τη χρήση των παραπάνω δικαιωμάτων, αφού η προώθηση των Student of the School of Architecture πωλήσεων του μισθωτή ωφελεί -έστω και έμμεσα -τον εκμισθωτή. Technical University of Crete Συνεπώς, δεν διακρίνεται η αμοιβή για τη χρήση του δικαιώματος 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept (franchising) προς τον δικαιοπάροχο από εκείνες που αφορούν στην 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, προμήθεια των εμπορευμάτων, καθόσον αυτή ενσωματώνεται στο ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the κόστος των εμπορευμάτων. among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. Κατ ακολουθία των ανωτέρω και δεδομένου ότι στην acquisition of knowledge starts with thein definition the content of περίπτωση concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term σύμβασης δικαιόχρησης (franchising) όπου στον δικαιοπάροχο, ο 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” inindicated a first, if (in not final, approach, the term gentrification) is the area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 οποίος τυγχάνει να“refining” είναι ofκαι του δικαιοδόχου, gentrification (and urban gentrification) isarea, indicated (in the areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the a cityπρομηθευτής the removal from (in various καταβάλλονται εκτός από τα μισθώματα για τη χρήση δικαιωμάτων τα Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement there of artists, οποία ενσωματώνονται στο κόστος των πωλούμενων εμπορευμάτων the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever otherγια consequences results also risingτων of land prices (andπου theof και αμοιβές τη χρήσηhas, των επωνυμιών προϊόντων whatever other consequencesκαι has, rising of land ανήκαν prices (and the potential relative εμπορεύεται ο speculation). δικαιοδόχος ταresults οποίαalso μέχρι πρότινος κατά potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers κυριότητα σε τρίτη εταιρεία, υπερισχύει και στην περίπτωση αυτή to η The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor έννοια του franchising, καθόσον η καταβολή των υπόψη ποσών the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old residents areof εντάσσεται στο πλαίσιο της ευρύτερης επιχειρηματικής συνεργασίας London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. μεταξύ δύο ανεξάρτητων επιχειρήσεων με σκοπό την πώληση being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth συγκεκριμένου τύπου προϊόντων παροχής υπηρεσιών σεother τελικούς A description ofperiod, this phenomenon isήsituations included inwere the work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar recorded in major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major χρήστες. cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. Since then, the issueτα has preoccupied severalκαταβάλλονται scholars and forπρος its more Κατά συνέπεια, όποια δικαιώματα τον Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various δικαιοπάροχο (franchisor) - προμηθευτή για τη χρήση των επωνυμιών, comprehensive approach are being summarized from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thebelow, following: αποτελούν μέρος των μισθωμάτων για τη χρήση δικαιωμάτων interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: In a sense, the is due to a trend of a new category of social groups (franchisee) τα phenomenon οποία ενσωματώνονται στοκόστος των εμπορευμάτων to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money που λαμβάνει από τον προμηθευτή. and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the Από όλα όσα αναφέρθηκαν συνάγεται ότι for οι better κάθε The term from Sociologist Ruthπαραπάνω GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS was born in sense1.of safety atcomes the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, where she madeδικαιωμάτων her first studies.(είτε In 1932 sheμισθώματα published an important study entitled: είδους καταβολές για είτε για τη χρήση services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for των επωνυμιών των εμπορευμάτων) εκπίπτουν από ταmarkets, ακαθάριστα lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private car access etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and Neweasier York she came to back to London, in According 1943του she δικαιοδόχου published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. 1950 sheto became teacher in the έσοδα (franchisee) μέσω τουInκόστους πωληθέντων με to another approach, the is due a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research. Her public action and long-term informal effort organized manufacturers,Συμπερασματικά brokers of buying τις προϋποθέσεις του by άρθρου 22 groups, του ν.4172/2013. her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate,δυνατή etc., for the initially of part of the urban web,σε in 10th edit.δεν Wil. SONS AND Ltd. Londonτων 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: λοιπόν, είναι ηCodepreciation έκπτωση αντίστοιχων δαπανών Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: Abstract. http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm aπερίπτωση variety of ways, in order to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually έκδοσης χωριστού στοιχείου για τα δικαιώματα αυτά. 252197 11
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Το «Ευρωπαϊκό Βραβείο των 12 Αστέρων» (PRIX EUROPÉEN DES Concerns ÉTOILES) απενεμήθη την 3 Μαΐου 2018 στις Βρυξέλλες στον Βράβευση του Καθηγητού του Πανεπιστημίου ΝΕΑΠΟΛΙΣ Κωνστ. ΓΕ. ΑΘΑΝΑΣΟΠΟΥΛΟΥ
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η 12 Καθηγητή / Πρόεδρο της Σχολής Νομικών και Κοινωνικών Επιστημών του Πανεπιστημίου ΝΕΑΠΟΛΙΣ, Πάφου,ByΚωνσταντίνο ΓΕ.C.ΑΘΑΝΑΣΟΠΟΥΛΟ. Mr. George-Sp. ATHANASOPOULOS Την πρόταση απονομής υπογράφουν 35 Προσωπικότητες Harvard University, Graduate School of Design,Στελέχη Student, του Ευρωπαϊκού Κοινοβουλίου,By Mr. τηςGeorge-Sp. Ευρωπαϊκής Επιτροπής, της C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect of the School of Architecture Ευρωπαϊκής Οικονομικής και ΚοινωνικήςStudent Επιτροπής, της Ευρωπαϊκής Technical University of Crete Τράπεζας Επενδύσεων, Εθνικών Αντιπροσωπειών στην Ευρωπαϊκή Ένωση, του ΝΑΤΟ, Αντιπροσωπειών των Εκκλησιών Ελλάδος και Κύπρου 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept στις1.Βρυξέλλες, των Ηνωμένων Εθνών, Καθηγητές Βελγικών, Βρετανικών Introductory approach: the concept (444 ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, BC - 370 BC, Athens), και ANTISTHENIS, Γερμανικών Πανεπιστημίων, Σύμβουλοι Ευρωπαϊκών the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -Προγραμμάτων 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great “principle”: the κ.ά. among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the Στο σχετικό Πρακτικό Βράβευσης αναφέρονται, μεταξύ άλλων, και το acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 (and urban εξής:Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and «Εκτιμάται ιδιαιτέρως η από τριακονταπενταετίας, αφιλοκερδής gentrification urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various οργάνωση Επιστημονικών Ημερίδων, με τη συμμετοχή ιδίως Ελλήνων και ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement there of artists, Κυπρίων Επιστημόνων και Φοιτητών διάφορα Πανεπιστήμια και the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.από However “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land Λουξεμβούργο, prices (and theof Σχολές στις Έδρες των Ευρωπαϊκών Οργάνων (Βρυξέλλες, whatever otherάλλων consequences resultsκαι also risingΟργανισμών, of land pricesόπως (andτο the potential relative speculation). Στρασβούργο), Διεθνώνhas, Οργάνων άλλων potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to ΝΑΤΟ, Ο.Ο.Σ.Α. και Διπλωματικές Αντιπροσωπείες. The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor Αξιολογείται θετικώς η προσφορά στην Επιστημονική και the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old residents areof Πανεπιστημιακή Κοινότητα του συνολικού έργου του Καθηγητού London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. Κωνσταντίνου ΓΕ. ΑΘΑΝΑΣΟΠΟΥΛΟΥ και ο ευρωπαϊκός προσανατολισμός being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth της,Aπου αποτελούν ζωής, άξιο Επιστημονικής καιSociologist Κοινωνικής description ofperiod, this έργο phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major ης Επιστημονικής αναγνωρίσεως, ιδιαιτέρως με την ευκαιρία της 52 GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. Συνάντησης Νέων Ελλήνων Επιστημόνων και Φοιτητών Στελεχών της cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then, the issue has several scholarsκαι and for its more Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης στις Βρυξέλλες 1 several - 4 Μαϊου 2018, οποία Since then, the issue has preoccupied scholars andστην for various its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various συμμετέχουν 40 και πλέον Επιστήμονες και Προ/Μεταπτυχιακοί Φοιτητές interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: interpretations the Ανωτάτων phenomenon of the following: Πανεπιστημίων και Σχολών από Ελλάδα, την Κύπρο και In a sense, theof phenomenon is due togentrification, a trend of την a new category of social groups άλλες Χώρες». to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money and time to travel απονεμήθηκε from the purlieus downtown, work placeευαρέσκειας, is, lack of the Το Βραβείο ωςto έκφραση τηςwhere αναγνώρισης, 1.of The term from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS wasbetter born in sense safety the distributed outside town centres, for εκτίμησης καιatcomes σεβασμού στο residencies εν γένει έργο του Καθηγητού Κωνσταντίνου Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) ΓΕ. ΑΘΑΝΑΣΟΠΟΥΛΟΥ «γιαyear την και movements καινοτόμοfor Youth Unemployment. The same sheεμπνευσμένη, left Germany and αξιόλογη after continuous lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private access to markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came / back to London, πρωτοβουλία οργάνωσης Επιστημονικών Ημερίδων Συναντήσεων in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and Επιστημόνων και Φοιτητών με Στελέχη των Ευρωπαϊκών Οργάνων και University College of London, where she continued her social research. Her public action and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying Διεθνών Οργανισμών Έδρες τους, επαίνους και her work are characterized byστις a passion for justice. See με also: ευφήμους COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: συγχαρητήρια εις ένδειξη διακεκριμένης τιμής και αναγνώρισης». G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually Ε.
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
Επιτυχής ολοκλήρωση των εργασιών Επιστημονικών Ημερίδων της 52ης Σειράς By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, στις Βρυξέλλες
By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Student of the School of Architecture Ολοκληρώθηκε με ιδιαίτερη επιτυχία η 52 Technical University ofηCrete
ΕΠΙΣΤΗΜΟΝΙΚΗ
ΣΥΝΑΝΤΗΣΗ
Νέων
Ελλήνων
1. Introductory approach: Defining theκαι concept Επιστημόνων, Φοιτητών Στελεχών της Ευρωπαϊκής 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, - 370 BC, Athens), Ένωσης στις Βρυξέλλες κατά (444 το BC διάστημα 01ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the 04.05.2018 με 40 Συμμετέχοντες με Επιστημονική among other wise heritage leftthe us, he established a great acquisition of knowledge startshe with definition of the content of“principle”: concepts. the την Δρα Βασιλική ΔΕΛΗΘΕΟΥ, Επίκ. acquisition ofΥπεύθυνη knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term Καθηγήτρια Τμήματος Οικονομικής και Περιφερειακής 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term (or gentrification (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) 1 (and urbanΠΑΝΤΕΙΟΥ gentrification gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or Ανάπτυξης ΠΑΝΕΠΙΣΤΗΜΙΟΥ Κ.Π.Ε., Αθηνών Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various και Αναπλ. Επιστημονικό Υπεύθυνο τον there Καθηγητή ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement of artists, ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and Πρόεδρο thethis placement of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”, regardless of Κωνστ. ΓΕ. ΑΘΑΝΑΣΟΠΟΥΛΟ, τηςthere Σχολής the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the Νομικών και Κοινωνικών Επιστημών Πανεπιστημίου of whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative NEAPOLIS PAPHOS και Ομότιμο Καθηγητή Παντείου potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to Πανεπιστημίου Κ.Π.Ε. Αθηνών. The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor Εισηγητές στις εν λόγω Ημερίδες, ήσαν the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof Ευρωβουλευτές, Ανώτατα Στελέχη του London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there andΚοινοβουλίου, thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”. της Ευρωπαϊκής Επιτροπής, της Επιτροπής A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Ruth του Ν.Α.Τ.Ο., GLASS at theΠεριφερειών, same period, while similar situationsτης were Οικονομικής recordedSociologist in otherκαι major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. Κοινωνικής Επιτροπής, της Μόνιμης Ελληνικής cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more Αντιπροσωπείας στις Βρυξέλλες, Καθηγητές Since then, the issue has preoccupied several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach are being summarized from Πανεπιστημίων, της Αντιπροσωπείας της Εκκλησίας της comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: Ελλάδος στις Βρυξέλλες κ.ά. interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new category of social groups Όλες οι δραστηριότητες πραγματοποιήθηκαν to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money στιςfrom Κεντρικές των where εν work λόγω and time to travel the purlieusΈδρες to downtown, placeΟργάνων is, lack of the (BERLAYMONT, BAT. WIERTZ, BAT. BELLIARD, κ.ά.). termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: Στους συμμετασχόντες απονεμήθηκαν σχετικές services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private easier access to markets, etc.where βεβαιώσεις τη διάρκεια εκδήλωσης στα studies and research Geneva,κατά Prague, London and car Newειδικής York she came back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding city planning. In 1950 she became teacher the to another approach, the phenomenon is due to a systematic and Γραφεία του Ευρωπαϊκού Κοινοβουλίου στην Αθήνα. in University College of London, where she continued her social research. Her public action and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: Μ. in G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Βασιλ. ΜΕΛΕΤΗ: Concerns
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ΟΙ ΠΡΑΣΙΝΟΙ ΦΟΡΟΙ ΩΣ ΜΗΧΑΝΙΣΜΟΣ ΦΟΡΟΛΟΓΙΚΗΣ ΑΠΟΚΕΝΤΡΩΣΗΣ ΚΑΙ ΜΕΣΟByΧΡΗΜΑΤΟΔΟΤΗΣΗΣ ΤΩΝ ΟΤΑ: Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS ΔΙΕΘΝΗΣ ΕΜΠΕΙΡΙΑ ΕΦΑΡΜΟΓΗ HarvardΚΑΙ University, Graduate ΣΤΗΝ School ΕΛΛΑΔΑ of Design, Student,
By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Του κ.Student Κωνστ.ofΓΕ. theΑΘΑΝΑΣΟΠΟΥΛΟΥ School of Architecture Technical University Επιστ. of Crete Καθηγητού Σχολ. Νομικών και Κοινωνικών
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και Μεταπτ. Προγραμμάτων 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept Πανεπιστημίου ΝΕΑΠΟΛΙΣ, Πάφος, 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, Καθηγητού Επισκ. Μετ. Προγρ. Σπ. Πανεπ. Αθηνών, ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC,Π.Κ.Π.Ε., Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the Ομοτ. Καθηγητού ΠΑΝΤΕΙΟΥ among other wise heritage left us, he established a great “principle”: the acquisition of knowledge startshe with the definition of the content of concepts. Ex Ch. L. U. L. Bruxelles, Ex. Int. I.I.A.P., Paris acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification Η υπό τον ως άνω τίτλο διπλωματική εργασία της 1 (and gentrification urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various μεταπτυχιακής φοιτήτριας, Βασ. ΜΕΛΕΤΗ, εκπονηθείσα στο πλαίσιο Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, περάτωσης του Μεταπτυχιακού Προγράμματος Σπουδών στο Τμήμα ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”,there regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless Οικονομικής και Περιφερειακής Ανάπτυξης του whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land pricesΠαντείου (and theof whatever otherspeculation). consequences results also rising of landαπό pricesΤριμελή (and the Πανεπιστημίου Κ.Π.Ε. των has, Αθηνών, αξιολογήθηκε potential relative potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to Επιτροπή, (Ψυχάρης Ιωάννης, Δεληθέου Βασιλική και Αυδίκος The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas of Βασίλειος) και έλαβε βαθμό άριστα (9). the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas of London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are London, them, stay themselves sometimes there thus old residents are Η upgrade διπλωματική εργασία πραγματεύεται τοand επίκαιρο θέμα των being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”. Πράσινων Φόρων και το Πράσινο Ταμείο.in Οι Φόροι, Ruth που A description of this phenomenon is included the Πράσινοι work of Sociologist A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is τα included inwere the 20 work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at theσε same while similar situations recorded in other major εισήχθησαν παγκόσμια κλίμακα τελευταία έτη, αναφέρονται GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by otherστην Researchers. σε περιβαλλοντικές δράσεις, αειφόρο ανάπτυξη, στην ενέργεια cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then, the issue has scholars andσχετίζονται, for its more και Since στην then, ανακύκλωση. Αναμφίβολα, οιseveral Πράσινοι Φόροι the issue has preoccupied several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach are being summarized from επίσης, άμεσα με τους ΟΤΑ και summarized τις ανάγκεςbelow, τους from ως προς την comprehensive approach are being the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: προώθηση της πράσινης ανάπτυξης, η οποία και θεωρείται interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups νευραλγικός στρατηγικός τους στόχος. Η Ελλάδα, λαμβάνοντας to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs inυπόψη money παραδείγματα τρίτων χωρών,toόπως της where Δανίας και τηςis, lack Μεγάλης and time to travel from the purlieus downtown, work place of the 1.of The term from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS wasbetter born in Βρετανίας, τα οποία συνιστούν επιτυχημένες περιπτώσεις διαχείρισης sense safety atcomes the distributed residencies outside town centres, for Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Πράσινων Φόρων, έχει τη δυνατότητα να θέσει σε λειτουργία σχέδια Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living costώστε of, in “withdrawal” from private car access markets, etc.where και δράσεις, να καταστήσει το Ταμείο κύριο φορέα studies and research Geneva, Prague, London andΠράσινο Neweasier York she came to back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and διαχείρισης τωνofΠράσινων Φόρων. University College London, where she continued her social research. Her public action and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. Μέχρι σήμερα στην Ελλάδα,initially καταβάλλεται σημαντική and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: Gentrification: G. http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm aπροσπάθεια, variety of ways, in order to achieve the “voluntary”, (actually η ALEXANDRI: οποία, αν Abstract. συνεχιστεί σε “assisted”, ανάλογα επίπεδα, θα μπορούσε
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
μακροπρόθεσμα να επιφέρει θετικά οικονομικά αποτελέσματα. Οι Πράσινοι Φόροι, πράγματι, μπορούν να αποτελέσουν λύση για την ενίσχυση της δημοσιονομικής εικόνας σε περιόδους κρίσης, ώστε να την βοηθήσουν να καταστεί πιο ανταγωνιστική στο εγγύς μέλλον. Συγκεκριμένα, οι Πράσινοι Φόροι συμβάλλουν αποτελεσματικά στην αλλαγή των προτύπων κατανάλωσης και παραγωγής ιδιωτών και By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS επιχειρήσεων, θέτοντάς τα σε νέα βάση. Οι Περιβαλλοντικοί Φόροι Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, μπορούν συνεπακόλουθα να λειτουργήσουν ως κίνητρο ανάπτυξης της By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect καινοτομίας, αλλά και ως θεμέλιος λίθος για τη δημιουργία νέων Student of the School of Architecture θέσεων εργασίας στον τομέα της τεχνολογίας. Technical Υπό το πρίσμα αυτό, η University of Crete προσθήκη Περιβαλλοντικών Φόρων θα πρέπει, επομένως, να 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept συνοδεύεται από ισόποσες μειώσεις άλλων φόρων, ώστε να μη 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, λειτουργούν επιβαρυντικά σε βάρος των πολιτών.
ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the γεγονός, ότι οιthe περιβαλλοντικές επιπτώσεις amongΕίναι other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the acquisition of knowledge starts with definition of the content of“principle”: concepts.των acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts. παραδοσιακών επιδοτήσεων καθώς οικονομική ύφεση έχουν Based, therefore, on this “principle” aκαι first,ηif of not final, approach, the term 1 (and Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if (in not final, approach, the την term urban gentrification) indicated of Planning) (or gentrification ασκήσει πίεση στις κυβερνήσεις ανά isin τον κόσμο γιαthe ναarea προωθήσουν 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology well), as the “refining” of a city ακολούθησαν area, the removalτο fromπρότυπο this, (in various αειφόρο asανάπτυξη. Πολλές χώρες των Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, removal fromthere (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe the placement «αντισταθμιστικών» επιδοτήσεων, υπό την έννοια, ότι γιαthis, ναof λάβουν ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation ενίσχυση, of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of οικονομική επιδιώκουν αντισταθμιστικά να ακολουθούν ένα the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof καλά δομημένο πρόγραμμα προστασίας Σε επίπεδο whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results του alsoπεριβάλλοντος. rising of land prices (and the potential relative Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης, ένα χαρακτηριστικό παράδειγμα είναι Κοινή potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and itηrefers to Γεωργική Πολιτική, η οποία έχει at θέσει νέους στόχους όχι The term gentrification found first in the UK in earlyπου 1960s and itareas refers the then observed trend ofiswealthy people to buy property inπροάγουν poor ofto the then observed trend wealthy people to there buy property in poor areas μόνο την παροχή τροφίμων σε όλαsometimes τα κράτη μέλη αλλά τη βιώσιμη London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thusκαι old residents areof London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are διαχείριση, συνοδευόμενη being indirectly “squeezed”. από φιλικές προς το περιβάλλον πρακτικές. being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the of Sociologist Ruth Σύμφωνα με την τελευταία μεταρρύθμιση τηςwork ΚΓΠ, η ευρωπαϊκή A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major νομοθεσία έχει αυστηροποιηθεί και απαιτεί επιτακτικά την υιοθέτηση GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities inσυστήματος Western countries, by other συμμόρφωσης Researchers. ενός πολλαπλής που υποστηρίζει όσους cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more αγρότες συγκεκριμένες περιβαλλοντικές προσδοκίες. Sinceπληρούν then, the issue has several below, scholars andthe for Το its ίδιο more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized from various σκεπτικό διέπει κάθε οικονομική δραστηριότητα που λαμβάνει χώρα comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: στη Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης και ουσιαστικά το interpretations the phenomenon of thecategory following: In aζώνη sense,της theof phenomenon is due togentrification, a trend of aεπηρεάζει new of social groups περιβάλλον. to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the Παράλληλα, όπως προκύπτει από τη διπλωματική εργασία της termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, κ.Berlin, ΜΕΛΕΤΗ, οι made Περιβαλλοντικοί Φόροι επιβάλλονται κατά βάση στην where she her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left στην Germany and after continuous movements for κατανάλωση φυσικών πόρων και παραγωγή ρύπων. Για τους lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc. studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, where ρύπους, ασφαλώς, υπάρχουν νομοθετημένα Οιteacher Πράσινοι in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning.ανώτατα In 1950 sheόρια. in the to another approach, the is due tobecame a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research. Her public action and Φόροι επιβάλλονται σε συνδυασμό, είτε για να μειώσουν τη συνολική long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling real estate, for theCodepreciation initially of part the urban web, in παραγωγή σε μια etc., γεωγραφική είτε για ναof δημιουργήσουν 10th edit. Wil. COLLINS SONS AND Ltd.περιοχή, London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm aκίνητρα variety of ways, in κάτω order Abstract. toαπό achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually μείωσης τα νομοθετημένα όρια, είτε για να
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification προκαλέσουν ανάπτυξη νέων τεχνολογιών. Συνήθως, προβάλλονται 4 Concerns κύριοι αντίλογοι σε κάθε Περιβαλλοντική Φορολογική Μεταρρύθμιση.
Αρχικά, μια ΠΦΜ πλήττει την ανταγωνιστικότητα της οικονομίας, με την άνοδο του κόστους πρώτων υλών και ενέργειας. Δεύτερον, η By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS University, School of Design, Student, ελαστικότητα ζήτησης Harvard για πρώτες ύλες Graduate και ενέργεια είναι πολύ χαμηλή By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect και άρα η ΠΦΜ δεν πετυχαίνει τον περιβαλλοντικό της στόχο. Τρίτον, Student of the School of Architecture στις περιπτώσεις που πετυχαίνει τον περιβαλλοντικό στόχο με την Technical University of Crete πτώση της κατανάλωσης του φορολογουμένου είδους, αποτυγχάνει 1. Introductory approach: Defining conceptΤέλος, είναι αναγκαίο να στον δημοσιονομικό στόχο των the εσόδων. 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept ειπωθεί ότι οι επιπτώσεις της μπορεί να είναι (444 κοινωνικά γιατί, ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC - 370άδικες, BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great “principle”: the όπως και οι άλλοι έμμεσοι φόροι, πλήττει συντριπτικά τα χαμηλά among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great “principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with the definition of the content of concepts. εισοδήματα.
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acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term Όπως επισημαίνεται στη διπλωματική εργασία, σε εποχές (or gentrification (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification υψηλής ανεργίας, αποκτά προτεραιότητα μείωση του Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, theηremoval from this,εργατικού (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city και area, the fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andέμμεσης theremoval placement κόστους μέσω μείωσης της άμεσης φορολόγησης της ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of εργασίας, και αυτό το πλεονέκτημα σχετίζεται με τη λειτουργία της the operation ofconsequences art galleries, restaurants, etc.also However this “change”, regardless of whatever other has, results rising of land prices (and the Τοπικής Αυτοδιοίκησης α’ και β’ βαθμού. Οι απώλειες δημόσιων whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative εσόδων μπορούν μάλιστα να αντισταθμιστούν με αύξηση της potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to περιβαλλοντικής φορολογίας. τέτοια θέση The term gentrification foundΜια atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and σε itareas refers the then observed trend ofiswealthy toμεταρρύθμιση buy property inείναι poor ofto να αμβλύνει τις στρεβλώσεις στην οικονομία, να περιορίσει την the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof London, upgrade them, stay themselves thereώθηση and thusσε old residents are εξάρτηση από“squeezed”. εισαγωγές καυσίμων sometimes και να δώσει «πράσινες» being indirectly being indirectly “squeezed”. επενδύσεις στους τομείς της is included ενέργειας, του A description of this phenomenon in theτης workπροστασίας of Sociologist Ruth A description ofκαι this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work Ruth GLASS at the same period, while similar in other major περιβάλλοντος της μείωσης αποβλήτων ανάof Sociologist γεωγραφικό GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. διαμέρισμα. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more Since then, the issueεργασία has several scholars and for various its more Η διπλωματική καταλήγει με σημαντικές προτάσεις για comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized below, from the comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various την αξιοποίηση από το Πράσινο Ταμείο των Πράσινων Πόρων μέσω interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: interpretations the thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon dueof togentrification, a trend of a new ofπροστασίας, social groups προγραμμάτων γιαphenomenon τη isχρηματοδότηση δράσεων to “return” to theκαι city,αποκατάστασης leaving the purlieus for περιβάλλοντος, several reasons: high costs in money αναβάθμισης του που υλοποιούν and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the τρίτοι (φορείς υλοποίησης) και μπορεί να έχει τη μορφή 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, επιχορηγήσεων, κεφαλαιακής συμμετοχής Berlin, where she madeδανείων, her first studies. In 1932 she published an important ή studyάλλης entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and afterΟι continuous movements for ισοδύναμης μορφής κεφαλαιακής ενίσχυσης. δράσεις αυτές lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, επιτρέπεται ταυτόχρονα να συγχρηματοδοτούνται ήtobecame να ενισχύονται in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 she teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research. Her public action and και από άλλες δημόσιες ή ευρωπαϊκές πηγές ή/και ιδιωτικούς πόρους ή long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. που δανειοδοτούνται από την Ευρωπαϊκή Τράπεζα Επενδύσεων και and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for the depreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Co Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm aάλλους varietyφορείς. of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually
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+ Αμαλία Αθανασίου GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types ofΚΥΡΑΓΓΕΛΟΥ Intervention, Definition, Types of intervention, Concerns of Gentrification Πλήρης ημερών απεβίωσε εν Κεφαλληνία τον Μάϊο τρ. έτ. η Αμαλία σύζυγος Αθανασίου ΚΥΡΑΓΓΕΛΟΥ, Μητέρα της Υπευθύνου των Διοικητικών Concerns Υπηρεσιών της ανά χείρας έκδοσης κυρίας Αντζελίνας Αθ. ΚΥΡΙΑΓΓΕΛΟΥ.
Ομιλών σχετικώς κατά την εξόδιο Ακολουθία ο Καθηγητής Κωνστ. ΓΕ. ΑΘΑΝΑΣΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ είπε, μεταξύ άλλων, καιGeorge-Sp. τα εξής: C. ATHANASOPOULOS By Mr. Σεβαστή Μητέρα ΑΜΑΛΙΑ, Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, Ο Κύριος, ο οποίος ετάζει καρδίες καιGeorge-Sp. νεφρούς, εξελέξατο ΣΕ σήμερα, να By Mr. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Student of the School Architecture μεταστείς εκ του κόσμου τούτου πλησίον ΤΟΥ, δεδομένου, ότι ofουκ έχομεν Technical University of Crete κατοικία, επί της γης, αλλά την μόνιμον επουράνιον επιζητούμεν. Ο χρόνος και ο χώρος δεν επιτρέπουν λόγους μακρούς και καλλιεπείς. 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept Η Introductory αναφορά περίapproach: της ζωήςDefining ΣΟΥ θα είναι βραχεία λίαν. 1. the concept ANTISTHENIS, the ancient philosopher, (444 BC - 370τιμώμενη BC, Athens), Έτυχες, ως νεάνις, αγωγήςGreek καλής, υπό Γονέων αγαθών, υπό ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the πάντων. Οι δυσχέρειες ζωής της πρώτης νεότητός Σου, χαλύβδωσαν τον among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. χαρακτήρα ΣΟΥ, και ΣΕ εξόπλισαν με σπάνιες αρετές και ικανότητες. Αυτά τα acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition of the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if not final, approach, the term προσόντα Σου ανακαλούμε στην μνήμη μας ευγνωμόνως, πλείστοι όσοι 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification επωφεληθέντες. 1 gentrification (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Ευτύχησες ναas the τελέσεις γάμο μετ΄Ανδρός εντίμου, δημιουργικού, Sociology as well), “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, πολυμήχανου, του αειμνήστου Αθανασίου ΚΥΡΑΓΓΕΛΟΥ, και να αποκτήσεις ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”,there regardless of δύο σπουδαίες κόρες, την ΑΝΤΖΕΛΙΝΑ και την ΕΥΑΓΓΕΛΙΑ, τις οποίες the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof ελάτρεψες, και οι consequences οποίες επίσης σε ελάτρεψαν, έως ουρανού. whatever other potential relative speculation). has, results also rising of land prices (and the Ευτύχησες να αναθρέψεις, με ιδιάζουσα αφοσίωση, ως δεύτερη Μητέρα, potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to 4 εγγόνια, τον ΧΡΗΣΤΟ, ΘΑΝΟ, ΓΕΩΡΓΙΟ The term gentrification found atτην firstΕΥΓΕΝΙΑ in the UK- ΜΑΡΙΑ in early και 1960s and itareas refersof-to the then observed trendτον ofiswealthy people to buy property inτον poor ΣΠΥΡΙΔΩΝΑ, τα οποία αντάμειψαν τους κόπους ΣΟΥ με σπουδαίες the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old residents areof επιστημονικές και άλλες επιδόσεις τους και με απέραντη αγάπη. London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. Η παρουσία τους εδώ σήμερα από τόπους πολύ μακρυνούς, επιβεβαιώνει being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth συναισθήματα ευγνωμοσύνης καιsimilar σεβασμού στο πρόσωπό A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded workΣου. of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while in other major Οι Άνθρωποι με τους οποίους έζησες χαρές και λύπες, θα αποτιμήσουν σε GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. αλλοτινούς καιρούς, το μέγεθος της προσωπικότητος και της κοινωνικής cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more Since then, issue has several below, scholars andthe for various its more προσφοράς Σου. the comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized from comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various Είμαι απολύτως σίγουρος, ότι η αποτίμηση θα είναι θετική λίαν. interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: Είναι πλέον ή βέβαιον, ότι όλοι όσοι σε συνήντησαν στην ζωή τους, θα In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new category of social groups ενθυμούνται τα συναισθήματα αγάπης, αγάπης άδολης, τα οποία μοίραζες, to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money αδιακρίτως προς from όλους. and time to travel the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the termΗμών from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in ΟofThe Κύριος ΙΗΣΟΥΣ ΧΡΙΣΤΟΣ διεκήρυξε: sense1. safety atcomes the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, where she made του her first studies. In 1932 she an important study entitled: Εγώ ειμί το φως κόσμου, η αλήθεια καιpublished η ζωή. services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for Οliving ακολουθών ου περιπατήσει εν τη φως της etc. ζωής. lower cost of, εμέ “withdrawal” from private car access to markets, studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London andσκοτία, Neweasier Yorkαλλ΄έξει she cameτο back to London, where in According 1943 sheτο published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the isΣεβαστή due a systematic and Αυτό φως, το Ανέσπερο φως, ας φωτίζει, ΜΗΤΕΡΑ, την University College of London, where she continued her social research. Her public action and long-term informal effortροή by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying πορεία Σου στην αέναη των αιώνων, πεπεισμένη, ότι μέχρι το τέλος της her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realσυνυπάρχεις estate, etc., for the depreciation initially ofόλων part of the urban web, in ζωής μας, θα με μας, ζώντας στις καρδιές μας. 10th edit. Wil. COLLINS SONS AND Co Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually
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GENTRIFICATION Types ofστις Intervention, Η Definition, Επιμόρφωση Στελεχών Χώρες της Ε.Ε.
Definition, of Της intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification κυρίας Σοφίας ΧΡΟΝΗ Concerns
Οι εκπαιδευτικές πρακτικές και μέθοδοι που ακολουθούνται από By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS κάποιες χώρες της Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης για School την εκπαίδευση των Harvard University, Graduate of Design, Student, By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect εργαζομένων και ιδιαίτερα των δημοσίων υπαλλήλων είναι οι εξής. Student of the School of Architecture Στην Γαλλία που διαθέτει ένα από ταTechnical καλύτερα και ofπιο University Crete σύγχρονα συστήματα εκπαίδευση δημοσίων υπαλλήλων σε 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept παγκόσμιο επίπεδο, την κεντρική the ευθύνη σε θέματα 1. Introductory approach: conceptσχεδιασμού ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), εκπαίδευσης έχειheritage η ancient Γενική Διεύθυνσή Δημόσιας και ANTISTHENIS, the Greek philosopher, (444 BCΔιοίκησης -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise he left us, he established a great the among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great “principle”: acquisition of knowledge starts with the definition of the content of concepts. Δημοσίου Μάνατζμεντ. Η εκπαίδευση παρέχεται από 29 φορείς-the acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term σχολές και ινστιτούτα, οι οποίες in είναι αποκεντρωμένες δημόσιες 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if not final, approach, the term (or gentrification (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) 1 (and υπηρεσίες και έχουν σαν στόχο την παροχή αρχικής προεισαγωγικής gentrification urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social εισαγωγικής groups, usually κατάρτισης of low-income και and the placement there of artists, κατάρτισης, επιμόρφωσης. Κεντρική ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”,there regardless of θέση κατέχει of η ΕΝΑ (ecole restaurants, nationaledetc. administration) που εδρεύει στο the operation art galleries, However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof 1. consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the whatever other Στρασβούργο potential relative speculation). potential relative TheΣτο term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and από it refers Βέλγιο,speculation). οι εκπαιδευτικές ανάγκες προκύπτουν μέσα τονto The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor συνδυασμό τωνthem, υπηρεσιακών αναγκών τωνproperty προτεραιοτήτων για the then observed trend wealthy peopleκαι to there buy in poor areas London, upgrade stay of themselves sometimes and thus old residents areof London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are προσωπική σταδιοδρομία. Σημαντικό ρόλο έχουν τα συνδικάτα όσο being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth αφορά την διαδικασία ανίχνευσης των εκπαιδευτικών αναγκών και A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major την διαμόρφωση των προγραμμάτων εκπαίδευσης. Εργαλεία GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. ανίχνευσης των εκπαιδευτικών αναγκών αποτελούν προσωπικές Since then, the issue has several scholarsοι and for its more Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for various its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the 2. συνεντεύξεις προϊσταμένου –υφισταμένου comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: Η παροχή των εκπαιδευτικών προγραμμάτων απευθύνεται interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new category of social groups κυρίως σεtoυψηλόβαθμα καιforεπικεντρώνονται to “return” the city, leavingστελέχη the purlieus several reasons: highκυρίως costs in στην money and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the ανάπτυξη γνώσεων. Είναι περιγραφικά και έχουν σαν στόχο στην termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, where she madeπεριβάλλοντος her first studies. In 1932 she published study entitled: κατανόηση του δράσης. θα city”, πρέπει να services of health, education, entertainment “at theΕπίσης heartan ofimportant the (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for
lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc. studies 1 and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back to London, where Τσέκος, Θ., (2004): Η phenomenon Επαγγελματική τωνteacher Δημοσίων in According 1943Πασσάς, she published studies regarding city planning. In 1950 sheto became in the to Α., another approach, the isΕκπαίδευση due a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research. Her public action and Υπαλλήλων, Ευρωπαϊκή και Ελληνική Εμπειρία. Ινστιτούτο Εργασίας ΓΣΕΕ ΑΔΕΔΥ, σελ. long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. 110. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: 2 Πασσάς, Τσέκος, Θ.,Abstract. (2004): Ό.π., σελ.“assisted”, 126. G.Α., ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order to achieve the “voluntary”, (actually
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
τονίσουμε ότι πολλά από τα εκπαιδευτικά προγράμματα προσφέρονται ανταποδοτικά, με υψηλό κόστος για τους εργαζόμενους το οποίο πολλές φορές καλύπτεται από τις υπηρεσίες τους. Στη Γερμανία, κεντρικός φορέας εκπαίδευσης είναι η By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Ομοσπονδιακή Ακαδημία Δημόσιας Διοίκησης (Bundesakademie fur Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, Offentliche Verwaltung) η οποίαByαποτελεί υπηρεσία του Υπουργείου Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Εσωτερικών και επικεντρώνεται σε θεματικά οριζόντια δημιουργικού Student of the School of Architecture Technical of Crete χαρακτήρα προγράμματα. Η συμμετοχή σε αυτά είναιUniversity απαραίτητη 1. Introductory Defining concept σε ανώτερες θέσεις. Η προϋπόθεση για approach: την προαγωγή τωνthe υπαλλήλων 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient philosopher, Ομοσπονδιακή Ακαδημία σεGreek συνεργασία με τα αντίστοιχα τμήματα ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the εκπαίδευσης και heritage επιμόρφωσης των υπουργείωνa great διενεργεί ετήσιαthe among other wise leftthe us, he established acquisition of knowledge startshe with definition of the content of“principle”: concepts. acquisition of knowledge starts with για theindefinition the content of concepts. έρευνα ερωτηματολογίου την ανάδειξη των εκπαιδευτικών Based,μέσω therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification αναγκών και(and τονurban την gentrification) δημιουργία is των κατάλληλων εκπαιδευτικών 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various προγραμμάτων (Πασσάς, Τσέκος, Sociology as well), as the “refining” of 2004). a city area, fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, Ακολούθως, στην Ιταλία κύριο γιαthis τον συντονισμό των the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.λόγο However “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the δράσεων εκπαίδευσης προσωπικού έχει το Υπουργείο Δημόσιας of whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative Διοίκησης μέσω του γραφείου προσωπικού. ανίχνευση potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found εκπαίδευσης at first in the UK in early 1960sΗand it refers to The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and refersofto τωνthen αναγκών εκπαίδευσης είναι πλήρως καιitareas χωρίς the observed trend ofiswealthy to αποκεντρωμένη buy property in poor the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas London, them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof ενιαία upgrade μεθοδολογία. Τα γραφεία διαχείρισης εκπαιδευτικών London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. προγραμμάτων των Υπουργείων είναι αυτά που διαμορφώνου το being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth σχεδιασμό των εκπαιδευτικών δράσεων. Οι κύριοι φορείς υλοποίησης GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. αυτών δράσεων είναι Ιταλική Σχολή Δημόσιας Διοίκησης και το cities inτων Western countries, byη other Researchers. Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more Κέντρο Μελετών. Το Υπουργείο Οικονομικών Since Εκπαίδευσης then, the issue και has several scholars and for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized below, from the comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations the phenomenon the following: παρεμβαίνει of μόνο σε θέματαof gentrification, χρηματοδότησης της εκπαίδευσης interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: In a sense, the phenomenon (Πασσάς, Τσέκος, 2004). is due to a trend of a new category of social groups to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money Στην Ισπανία εκπαιδευτικής πολιτικής στη and time to travel fromοι theκεντρικοί purlieus toφορείς downtown, where work place is, lack of the 1.of The term from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS wasbetter born in sense safety atcomes the distributed outside town Δημόσιας centres, for Δημόσια Διοίκηση είναι τοresidencies Εθνικό Ινστιτούτο Διοίκησης Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services ofΝΠ health, entertainment “at the of the city”,movements (possibly)for Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous Δημόσιας (ΙΝΑΡ), το education, οποίο εποπτεύεται από τοheart Υπουργείο lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back to London, Διοίκησης, η Γενική Επιτροπή Συνεχιζόμενης Εκπαίδευσης με in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 she teacher in the to another approach, the is due tobecame a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research. Her public action and long-term informal by organized groups, manufacturers, brokersκαι of buying συμμετοχή των effort συνδικάτων, η Διπλωματική Ακαδημία το her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: Ινστιτούτο Φορολογικών σπουδών. Και στην περίπτωση της Ισπανίας G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
χρησιμοποιούνται ερωτηματολόγια για την ανίχνευση των εκπαιδευτικών αναγκών, τα αποτελέσματα των οποίων συνδέονται με την στρατηγική κατεύθυνσης του Υπουργείου3. Στην Ιρλανδία, το κύριο ρόλο διαμόρφωσης εκπαιδευτικής στρατηγικής παίζει το Κέντρο Μάνατζμεντ και Οργανωτικής Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Ανάπτυξης (CMOD). Μέσα By από τις μεθόδους ανίχνευσης Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, εκπαιδευτικών αναγκών οι οποίες ποικίλουν (συνεντεύξεις, ετήσιες By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect αξιολογήσεις), προτείνει στα επιμέρους υπουργεία μεθοδολογίες Student of the School of Architecture Technical University of Crete επιμόρφωσης των υπαλλήλων τους. Τα υπουργεία διαθέτουν δικό 1. Introductory approach: Defining concept τους προϋπολογισμό και αυτά απόtheμόνα τους προγραμματίζουν την 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek BCστην - 370 προσφορά BC, Athens), εκπαίδευση των υπαλλήλων τους.philosopher, Σημαντικό (444 ρόλο ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the εκπαιδευτικών υπηρεσιών διαδραματίζει και το Ινστιτούτο Δημόσιας among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the 4. the content of concepts. acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition Διοίκησης, ένα νομικό επιδοτούμενο πρόσωπο Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term (and urban gentrification) indicated (in of Planning) (or gentrification Στην Δανία, η Σχολή Δημόσιας is Διοίκησης καιthe τοarea Κέντρο Τοπικής 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Αυτοδιοίκησης αποτελούν τουςof aκύριους φορείς εκπαίδευσης των Sociology as well), as the “refining” city area, fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement of artists, δημοσίων υπαλλήλων τηςrestaurants, χώρας. Το Υπουργείο Οικονομικών μαζί μεof the operation of art galleries, etc. However “change”,there regardless the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof την Ένωση Φορέων Τοπικής Αυτοδιοίκησης και το Κέντρο Ανάπτυξης whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative Ανθρωπίνων Πόρων και Μάνατζμεντ Ποιότητας παράλληλα τηνto potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and itμε refers The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto συμμετοχή εκπροσώπων εργαζομένων υλοποιούν το the then observed trend ofisτων wealthy to buy property in πρόγραμμα poor the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thusτο old residents areof ανίχνευσης εκπαιδευτικών αναγκών και καταρτίζουν συνολικό London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. στρατηγικό σχεδιασμό για την εκπαίδευση. being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth AΤα description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work ofεπίπεδο Sociologist Ruth παρεμβαίνουν τόσο στο στρατηγικό GLASS atσυνδικάτα the same while similar in otherμέσα major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. από μια συμφωνία πλαίσιο με το Υπουργείο Οικονομικών όσο και στο cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more επιμέρους επίπεδο κάθεhas υπηρεσίας εξειδικεύοντας τιςfrom εκπαιδευτικές Since then, the issue several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon gentrification, the following: ανάγκες. Τα προγράμματα τωνofφορέων εκπαίδευσης προσφέρονται interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: In aαπό sense,το the Κράτος phenomenon is due to a trend of a new category social groups είτε μέσω χρηματοδότησης από τοofΥπουργείο to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money Οικονομικών, μέσω της toελεύθερης στα πλαίσια του and time to travelπείτε from the purlieus downtown, αγοράς where work place is, lack of the 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, ανταγωνισμού. Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart ofεκπαίδευση the city”,movements (possibly) YouthΤέλος Unemployment. The same year she left and after continuous στη Μεγάλη Βρετανία, ο Germany βασικό φορέας είναι for lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back to London, το Κέντρο Μάνατζμεντ και Δημόσιας forin in According 1943 she Σπουδών published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In Πολιτικής 1950 sheto became teacher the to another approach, the is due a(Centre systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, ofaction buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: 3 Πασσάς, Α., Τσέκος, Θ.,Abstract. (2004): Ό.π., σελ. 131. G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually 4
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Management Policy Studies - CMPS), ο GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types and of Intervention, οποίος αντικατέστησε το Κολέγιο Δημόσιας Definition, Types of intervention, Concerns of Gentrification Υπηρεσίας (Civil Service College). Από το 1997 Concerns και μετά λειτουργεί ως Δημόσια Υπηρεσία και
αποτελεί μία από τις μονάδες της Γραμματείας By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS της Κυβέρνησης. Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, Τα By Mr.παρεχόμενα προγράμματα George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect καθορίζονται από ofτις Κυβερνητικές Student the School of Architecture Technical University ofτης Crete προτεραιότητες και τις κατευθύνσεις Διοικητικής μεταρρύθμισης. Το εκπαιδευτικό 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept πρόγραμμα το κάθεBC - 370 εργαζόμενου ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), διαμορφώνεται από το συνδυασμό των among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great “principle”: acquisition of knowledge starts with the definition of the content of concepts. υπηρεσιακών αναγκών με τις ατομικές τουthe acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition of the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, ifόσο not final, approach, the την term προτεραιότητες αφορά 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the (or gentrification (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning)term 1 (and urbanεπαγγελματική τουtheσταδιοδρομία. gentrification gentrification) indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Το Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, removal (in CMPS various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various μέσα από τις παραλλαγές των παρεχόμενων ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of στα artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of προγραμμάτων του στοχεύει κυρίως the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the ανώτερα ιεραρχικά στρέμματα της whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative δημοσιοϋπαλληλίας. τουςandείναι potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UKΣτόχος in early 1960s it refersηto The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first the UK in earlyκαθώς 1960s and itareas refers ανάπτυξη τωνin δεξιοτήτων και τωνofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stayικανοτήτων themselves sometimes there and old residentsΟι areof αντίδρασης καιthusχειρισμού. London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. εκπαιδευτικές μέθοδοι δίνουν έμφαση στην being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth συμμετοχή αξιοποιούνται οιin other τεχνικές A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is και included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar situations major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major μάθησης με βάση την εμπειρία. Τα cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then, the issue has several scholars and its more εκπαιδευτικά προγράμματα σε for μερικές Since then, the issue has preoccupied several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach are being summarized from περιπτώσεις παρέχονται δωρεάν, στις comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: πλείστες ofόμως των περιπτώσεων παρέχοντα interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is due togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups ανταποδοτικά με τις υπηρεσίες των to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money να καλύπτουν το place υψηλός κόστος and time to travel from theεργαζομένων purlieus to downtown, where work is, lack of the termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth GLASS was born in 5 sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, search for better τους (Πασσάς, Τσέκος, 2004). Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research. Her public action and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. 5 Άλλα θέματα βλ.etc., σε for Τεύχη της ΕΠΙΘΕΩΡΗΣΗΣ ΑΠΟΚΕΝΤΡΩΣΗΣ, ΤΟΠΙΚΗΣ and selling real estate, theCo depreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. COLLINS SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: ΑΥΤΟΔΙΟΙΚΗΣΗΣ ΚΑΙ ΠΕΡΙΦΕΡΕΙΑΚΗΣ ΑΝΑΠΤΥΞΗΣ: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually Epitheorisi-athanasopoulos.webnode.gr
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Student of the School of Architecture Technical University of Crete
1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept 1. Introductory approach: the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term (or gentrification (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, removal fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), ofΠεριφέρειες social groups, usually of low-income andthe the placement / Κοινότητες, τρεις, Ολλανδόφωνη, (βορράς), ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of Γαλλόφωνη (νότος), Γερμανόφωνη (πληθυσμός κάτω των 100.000 the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative ατόμων). potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to δέκα. TheΕπαρχίες, term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas London,Δήμοι upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and 19, thusΒαλλωνία old residents areof / Κοινότητες, 589: Περιοχή Βρυξελλών 262, London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. Φλάνδρα 308. being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations includedγια inwere theπολυβάθμια work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar recorded in other major Υπό τεχνική άποψη πρόκειται Τοπική GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. Αυτοδιοίκηση μεcountries, Περιφέρειες, Επαρχίες και Δήμους. cities in Western bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more Since the issueασκούν has severalκατά scholars andthe for various its από more Οι then, Περιφέρειες αρμοδιότητες παραχώρηση comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized below, from comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: την Κεντρική theΚυβέρνηση και αρμοδιότητες αποκλειστικές interpretations phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups εκχωρούμενες αυτές διαthe νόμου. to “return” to theσε city, leaving purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money and timeΜεταξύ to travel from purlieus to downtown, is, lack of the τωνtheαρμοδιοτήτων εν where γένει work τωνplace Περιφερειών termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, where she made her first ποιότητας studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: περιλαμβάνονται θέματα ζωής, περιβάλλοντος, χωροταξίας, services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva,πολιτικής, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back toεποπτείας London, ενέργειας, βιομηχανικής μεταφορών, διοικητικής in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research. Her public action and επί των επαρχιών και Δήμων κ.ά. long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, KENTPO EPEYNA™ Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification ¶EPIºEPEIAKH™ ANA¶TY•H™ «IÂÚÒÓ˘ÌÔ˜ ¢. ¶INTO™ Concerns Î·È AÓ·ÛÙ·Û›· IÂÚ. ¶INTOY»
By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University, Graduate Aνάπτυ�ης, School of Design, Student, Mε σκ�π� την πρ�ώθηση της Iδέας της Περι�ερειακής (Oικ�ν�µικής, By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect K�ινωνικής και Π�λιτιστικής), έ�ει συσταθεί σήµερα στην Aθήνα απ� Oµάδα KαθηγηStudent of the School of Architecture τών Πανεπιστηµίων και Eιδικών Eπιστηµ�νων τ� Kέντρ� Έρευνας Περι�ερειακής AνάTechnical University of Crete πτυ�ης «Iερώνυµ�ς ∆. ΠINTOΣ και Aναστασία Iερων. ΠINTOY» (αστ. µη κερδ�σκ. εταιρ.), ως �υσιαστικ�ς διάδ���ς,Defining (κατ’ επιθυµία της αειµνήστ�υ Aναστασίας Iερων. 1. Introductory approach: the concept 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept ΠINTOY), τ�υ Kέντρ�υ Έρευνας Περι�ερειακής Aνάπτυ�ης ∆. ΠINTOΣ, συANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 Iερών. BC - 370 BC, Athens), σταθέντ�ς εν Aθήναις την 28η Aυγ�ύστ�υ 1986. ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the O εκ των Πρωτ�π�ρων της Iδέας τηςthe Περι�ερειακής Kαθηγητής Πανεamong other wise heritage he left us,definition he established a great the acquisition of knowledge starts with ofAνάπτυ�ης the content of“principle”: concepts. πιστηµίων ∆.on ΠINTOΣ απε�ίωσε την ηthe δεfinal, διακριθείσα διά the τ� π�λυacquisition of knowledge starts with thein definition content of concepts. Based,Iερώνυµ�ς therefore, this “principle” a 5/8/1981, first, if of not approach, term 1 (and σ�ιδές κ�ινωνικ�, �ιλανθρωπικ� και π�λιτιστικ� τ�υ Aναστασία Based, therefore, on this “principle” inindicated aέργ� first,της if Σύ�υγ�ς notthe final, approach, theαπεterm urban gentrification) is (in area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or �ίωσε την 14/4/2009. gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, removal from this, (inartists, various Mετα�ύ των σκ�πών τ�υ Kέντρ�υ συγκαταλέγ�νται �ι ε�ής, εντ�ς πνεύµατ�ς ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theκαι placement there of ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, πάντ�τε παραγωγής επ’ αγαθώ της Eπιστήµης και τηςthis K�ινωνίας: the operation of artέργ�υ galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless H συµ��λή στηνconsequences πρ�αγωγή της Eπιστήµης και also της Iδέας τηςof Περι�ερειακής Aνάπτυwhatever other has, results rising land prices (and theof whatever other consequences has, results also rising ofAνάπτυ�ης land prices (and the �ης εν γένει,relative δι’ �ί�υspeculation). δήπ�τε ν�µίµ�υ τρ�π�υ, της Περι�ερειακής ν��υµένης potential relative speculation). ωςpotential Oικ�ν�µικής, K�ινωνικής, Π�λιτιστικής. The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to The term gentrification found atpeople first inκαι the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the observed trend ofiswealthy toσυνα�ών buy property in και poor H then µελέτη σ�έσεων Περι�ερειακής Aνάπτυ�ης ∆ράσεων Π�λιτικών. the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stayενthemselves sometimes and thus old residents areof H συµ��λή των Iδιωτικών γένει Eπενδύσεων στηνthere υπ�στήρι�η στρατηγικών, π�λιLondon, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are beingκαι indirectly “squeezed”. Περι�ερειακής Aνάπτυ�ης. τικών µέτρων «παραγωγής» being indirectly “squeezed”. description of thisηphenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth HAεκπ�νηση Mελετών, διενέργεια Eρευνών, η �ργάνωση Συνεδρίων, Hµερίδων, ΣεA description of this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same period, while similar in other major µιναρίων, ∆ιαλέ�εων επί θεµάτων Περι�ερειακής Aνάπτυ�ης. GLASS atMελετών, the same period, similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, bywhile other Researchers. H έκδ�ση Eρευνών, Περι�δικών, Eντύπων εν γένει, η παραγωγή σ�ετικ�ύ cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then, issue has several scholars and for its more ραδι��ωνικ�ύ καιthe τηλε�πτικ�ύ υλικ�ύ. Since then, the issue has preoccupied several below, scholars andthe for its more comprehensive approach are being summarized from H ��ρήγηση υπ�τρ��ιών, η �ρά�ευση εργασιών Tρίτων και η έκδ�σή τ�υς. various comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of gentrification, the following: H συνεργασία of µεthe �ί�νphenomenon δήπ�τε, ανε�αρτήτως ν�µικής µ�ρ�ής, επιδιώκ�ντα παρεµ�εinterpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: a sense,εντ�ς the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new category of social groups ρείς In σκ�π�ύς, και εκτ�ς Eλλάδ�ς. to H “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus�πως for several reasons:Eυρωπαϊκή high costs in money συνεργασία µε ∆ιεθνή M�ρ�ώµατα, (ενδεικτικώς) Ένωση, and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the Oργανισµ�ς Oικ�ν�µικής Συνεργασίας και Aνάπτυ�ης κ.ά. 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, H παρ��ή επίfirst θεµάτων Aνάπτυ�ης πρ�ς �ί�ν δήπ�τε Berlin, whereυπηρεσιών she made her studies.Περι�ερειακής In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany after continuous movements του Eνδια�ερ�µεν�, �άσει ειδικών συµ�ωνιών, µερίµνει τ�υand ∆ι�ικητικ�ύ Συµ��υλί�υ της ε-for lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back to London, ταιρείας κ.ά. κέντρου κ.ά in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and ∆ιεύθυνση: Ίµ�ρ�υ 6, 112 57 Aθήναι, τηλ.: 2108647120, 6944626140, fax:public 2108658868. University College of London, where she continued her social research. Her action and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by a passion justice. See also: Aθήναι,for 5 Aυγ�ύστ�υ 2009COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. The Free Encyclopedia: Eπιστηµ�νικ�ς Yπεύθυν�ς τ�υWIKIPEDIA: Kέντρ�υ G. ALEXANDRI: Abstract. http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in O order to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually Kαθηγητής Kωνσταντίν�ς ΓE. AΘANAΣOΠOYΛOΣ 109 2521 11 10 24
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Student of the School of Architecture Technical University of Crete
1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept 1. Introductory approach: the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term (or gentrification (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more Since then, the issue has several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized from comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new category of social groups to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research. Her public action and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Σάββας ΣΑΒΒΑ Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes ofΝΑΤΑ Gentrification Διαδρομή στον Χρόνο Concerns
Κριτικά Σημειώματα
Πάφος, 2016
By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Εκλεκτοί Παριστάμενοι1, Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, Ο κύριος Σάββας ΣΑΒΒΑ τον υποθέτω ότι όλοι γνωρίζετε, By οποίον Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect λόγω των υπηρεσιακών Αστυνομικών δραστηριοτήτων του,of Architecture δεν είναι Student of the School Λογοτέχνης με την συνήθη έννοια του όρου, δενTechnical είναι Λαογράφος, δεν University of Crete είναι Ιστοριογράφος. 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept Ο κύριος Σάββας ΣΑΒΒΑ, ‘γράφει’ κείμενα, αφού πρώτα στοιχήσει 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, την ζωή του, σε γραμμές άδολης αγάπης, αγάπης για τον Τόπο του, ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wiseιδιοτέλεια, heritage heαγάπης left us, he established aκαιρούς, great the αγάπης χωρίς για άλλους(444 αγάπης για among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. επιφανείς και ταπεινούς Ανθρώπους. acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term Αυτούς του on Ανθρώπους πουin οa first, αδυσώπητος, αιμοδιψής 1 (and Based, therefore, “principle” if (in notthe final, approach, the και term urbanthis gentrification) is indicated area of Planning) (or gentrification αχόρταγος χρόνος, ροκάνισε και άλεσε, κατά τρόπο ανάλγητο και έπειτα η 1 gentrification (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various φίλη του ηas Λησμοσύνη, τους τύλιξε πρωτόγνωρη ανωνυμία. Sociology well), as the “refining” ofμε a city area, fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement Όλους αυτούς του Ανθρώπους, ο κύριoς Σάββας Σάββα, τους ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of αναζήτησε, τους ανέσυρε, ανάμεσα από μνήμες παληές από κλειδωμένα the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land (andτης the σεντούκια, ντουλάπες, περπατώντας σε μικρές Συνοικίες καιprices Γειτονιές potential relative speculation). potential speculation). Νατάς, σεrelative Εκκλησίες, σε Βρύσες, σεinνερόμυλους, σε1960s ελαιομύλους, The term gentrification is found at first the UK in early and it refersσε to The term found atpeople first the UKποταμούς in early 1960s and itareas refers γεφύρια, σε gentrification πλατείες, σε inξερούς σεpoor περιοχές με the then observed trendσε ofisκαφενεία, wealthy to buy property in ofto the then observed trend of wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stayονόματα. themselves and thus old residents areof τοπωνύμια, με περίεργα London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. Όταν λοιπόν ήταν σ΄ αυτούς τους τόπους, μιλούσε μαζί τους νοερά, being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of των this phenomenon is included in theτα work of Sociologist Ruth άγγιξε την ψυχή προγόνων και αναζήτησε μυστικά τους. Έτσι A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major άκουσε τους καημούς τους, την πίκρα τους για την σκληρή ζωή τους, το GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. καυτερό φως της ημέρας, σιταρένιο ψωμί, που μερικές χρονιές ήταν cities in Western countries, byτο other Researchers. Since then, the issue has preoccupied severalγια scholars and for its more λιγοστό, μικρής σοδειάς, τα όνειρα σπουδασμένο γιο, το Sinceλογω then, της the issue has several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized from όνειρο για καλούς γαμπρούς για τις θυγατέρες, το όνειρο για χωριστό comprehensive approach are being summarized from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thebelow, following: στασίδι στην Εκκλησία, ‘’τιμής ένεκεν’’. interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new category of social groups Και έπειτα, αναπόλησε παλιάfor σπίτια, μεreasons: τις στέγες to “return” to the city, leaving theτα purlieus several high από costsκαλάμια, in money άχυρα και χώμα, και με ζεστή καρδιά, με πρόθεση αγνή, με τα and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is,αγάπη, lack of the στόλισε με λέξεις, με προτάσεις, με φράσεις, ταξινομώντας μεθοδικά termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, where madeΝατά, her first της studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: στοιχεία γιαshe τη Νεολιθικής καιheart Αρχαϊκής Εποχής, της services of health, education, entertainment “at the of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for Ενετοκρατίας, της Τουρκοκρατίας, για την συμβολή των κατοίκων της lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc. studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back to London, where in According 1943Εθνικούς she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 she teacher in the to another approach, the isτην due tobecame a systematic and στους Αγώνες, από το έτος 1889, μέχρι Τουρκική Εισβολή University College of London, where she continued her social research. Her public action and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: 1 Τοofκείμενο αποδίδει σχετική ομιλία την παρουσίαση του βιβλίου στο G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety ways, in order Abstract. to achieve theκατά “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually
Πανεπιστήμιο ΝΕΑΠΟΛΙΣ, Πάφος.
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
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και το πραξικόπημα, για τα τοπικά έθιμα και για μικρές έννομες ενέργειες των κατοίκων της Νατάς. Ναι, έκνομες ενέργειες, όπως εκείνες, που σχετίζονται με τα γλέντια του γάμου: πολλές φορές, το κρέας για τα φαγητά, ήταν προϊόν κλοπής. Η κλοπή γινόταν συνήθως την Πέμπτη, πριν από την Κυριακή του γάμου και τα ζώα, τα έκρυβαν σε σπηλιές, τις γνώστες γράππες, ή στο σπήλαιο του ΧΑΤΖΗΣΟΛΩΜΟΥ μέχρι την ώρα της Byσφαγής. Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Με όλα αυτά τα δεδομένα, το μόνο Graduate λογικό παρεπόμενο συναίσθημα, Harvard University, School of Design, Student, Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS για τον κύριο Σάββα ΣΑΒΒΑ, ηταν By η συγκίνηση. Architect Student of the School of Architecture Έτσι, σύμφωνα με πληροφορίες, από πηγές, που δεν θα σας Technical University of Crete αποκαλύψω, ο Συγγραφέας μας, μέτρησε τον πόνο των Ανθρώπων και των πραγμάτων, για τα χρόνια που έφυγαν, για τα ανεκπλήρωτα όνειρα, 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept γιαANTISTHENIS, χαμένους τρυφερούς Απριλομάηδες, κόκκινες τριανταφυλλιές, που 1. Introductory approach: theγια concept the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), μαράθηκαν, για λουλούδια στα παράθυρα των πλίθινων σπιτιών, με the τις ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great περίεργες στέγες, για το ποτάμι, που πότε πότε θύμωνε και έπνιγε among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the ανθρώπους, καιonσοδειές. acquisition ofζώα knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts. Based, therefore, this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term Και αφού μέσα του, όλα αυτά καταλάγιασαν, έσμιξαν με το όνειρο (or gentrification (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification του, της συγγραφής και“refining” πρόεκυψε ώρα τηςthe τελικής σύλληψης. Sociology as well), as the of aηcity area, removal from this, (in various Sociology asάρχισαν well), as οι the “refining” ofεκδοτικού a city area, the fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually ofτου low-income andτοκετού. theremoval placement Μετά ωδίνες, ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, However this “change”, regardless of Ο κύριος Σάββας ΣΑΒΒΑ, άρχισεetc. τότε να τρέχει σε τυπογραφεία, σε the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the φωτογράφους, σε καταστήματα τυπογραφικού χάρτου σε βιβλιοδετεία.of whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative Και ανησυχούσε. Και πικραινόταν, με τις καθυστερήσεις. Και ξαγρυπνούσε potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at firstπρέπει in the UK early 1960sτο and it refers to τις νύχτες. Και νοιαζόταν, σε ποιους να in αφιερώσει βιβλίο του. The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor Και θυμήθηκε τους νεκρούς συντοπίτες του, ΧΡΙΣΤΟΦΙΔΗ, the then observed trend wealthy people to buyΧριστάκη property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof Αρέστη Σεργίου, Λεύκιο Ρ.ΚΩΣΤΑ που χάθηκαν το 1974. London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. Μετά ήρθε η σειρά των παιδιών του ΜΑΡΙΛΕΝΑΣ και ΑΝΔΡΕΑ και being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth τωνA Γονέων ΑΝΔΡΕΑ και ΕΛΕΝΗΣ. description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at theτου same while similar in other major Κάποτε οι τεχνικές λεπτομέρειες ξεπεράσθηκαν, το εξώφυλλο GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. τυπώθηκε έγχρωμο και ο Συγγραφέας κράτησε το Since then, the issue has preoccupied severalτρυφερά scholarsστα andχέρια for itsτου more Since then, the issue has several below, scholars andthe for various its more πρώτο πολυπόθητο αντίτυπο. comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized from comprehensive approach are being summarized the various Και, σύμφωνα με εξακριβωμένες πληροφορίες, μη μεfrom ρωτήσετε πως interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thebelow, following: interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: a sense, the phenomenon is due a trend of εάν a new category of social τιςIn γνωρίζω, έκλαψε, όπως και Σεις,toυποθέτω, είσαστε στην θέσηgroups του. to “return” to the city, leaving purlieus forαποδοχή several reasons: high costs in money Σας ευχαριστώ για τηνthe ενδεχόμενη των σκέψεών μου. and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside townΓΕ. centres, Κωνστ. ΑΘΑΝΑΣΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Νομικών και Κοινωνικών Επιστ.for Youth Unemployment. The sameΚαθηγητής year she left Σχολ. Germany and after continuous movements lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York came to back to London, καιshe Μεταπτ. Προγραμμάτων in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and Πανεπιστημίου ΝΕΑΠΟΛΙΣ, Πάφος, University College of London, where she continued her social research. Her public action and long-term informal effort byΚαθηγητής organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying Επισκ. Πανεπ. Αθηνών, her work are characterized by a passion for justice. SeeΜετ. also: Προγρ. COLLINSΣπ. ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: Ομοτ. Καθηγητής ΠΑΝΤΕΙΟΥ Π.Κ.Π.Ε., G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually Ex Ch. L. U. L. Bruxelles, Ex. Int. I.I.A.P., Paris
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και ικός, υ να τους τύξει την
ς Γ., ιτική ράξη.
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υτικά στην θήνα,
το ματα και ήνα,
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Student of the School of Architecture Technical University of Crete
1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept 1. Introductory approach: the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term (or gentrification (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more Since then, the issue has several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized from comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new category of social groups to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research. Her public action and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
EΠIΘEΩPHΣH AΠOKENTPΩΣHΣ, TOΠIKHΣ AYTO∆IOIKHΣHΣ KAI ΠEPIΦEPEIAKHΣ ANAΠTY�HΣ REVUE DE DECENTRALISATION, D’ ADMINISTRATION LOCALE ET DE DEVELOPPEMENT REGIONAL REVIEW OF DECENTRALIZATION, LOCAL GOVERNMENT AND REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT * By Mr. George-Sp. Tριµηνιαία Eπιστηµ�νική Έκδ�ση C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University, Graduate Edition scientifique trimestrielle School of Design, Student, By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Quartely scientific review Student of the School of Architecture * Έτος ιρδύσεως έκδοσης1995 Α΄ τεύχους μ.Χ. University of Crete Technical Έτ�ςκαι ιδρύσεως µ.X. 1995 * 1. Introductory approach: Defining concept 91 2018 Numb.the Tεύ��ς / Numéro / Issue 68 // 2012 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept Απρίλι�ς, Μάϊ�ς, Ι�ύνι�ς 2012 ANTISTHENIS,Ιανουάριος, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), Φεβρουάριος, Μάρτιος 2018 ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us,*he established(444 a great the among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: Kωδικ�ς: 014297 acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the acquisition of knowledge starts with the definition the content of concepts. *in Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term Iδι�κτήτης / Propriétaire / Owner (or gentrification (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning)
1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various KENTPO EΠIMOPΦΩΣHΣ MEΛETΩN EPEYNAΣ KAI ANAΠTY�HΣ Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement Aστική µη κερδ�σκ�πική Eταιρεία ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever otherDE consequences alsoDE rising of land prices (and theof CENTRE FORMATIONhas, DESresults ETUDES RECHERCHE ET DU whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the DEVELOPPEMENT potential relative potential relative speculation). Société civile sansinbut The term gentrification is found at first thelucratif UK in early 1960s and it refers to The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor CENTER OF EDUCATION RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof Civil not lucrative Association London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. * being indirectly “squeezed”. A descriptionYπεύθυν�ς of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth κατά τ�ν ν�µ�, Eκδ�της /Editeur/Editor A description ofperiod, this phenomenon included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth Kαθηγητής Kωνστ. ΓE.isAΘANAΣOΠOYΛOΣ GLASS at the same while similar situations in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major Prof. Const. GE. ATHANASSOPOULOS cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. * cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more Eπιστηµ�νικ�ς Yπεύθυν�ς: Kαθηγητής Kωνστ. ΓE. AΘANAΣOΠOYΛOΣ Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from Responsable Scientifique: Professeur Const. GE. ATHANASSOPOULOS comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: ScientificofResponsible: Professor Const. GE. ATHANASSOPOULOS interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: In a sense, the phenomenon is due to*a trend of a new category of social groups Σύµ��υλ�ς to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieusΈκδ�σης for several reasons: high costs in money EΛΛHNIKO KENTPO AΠOKENTPΩΣHΣ, and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the AYTO∆IOIKHΣHΣ KAI ANAΠTY�HΣ termat comes from Sociologist RuthΠEPIΦEPEIAKHΣ GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.TOΠIKHΣ ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, search Conseiller d’ édition Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) CENTER HELLENIQUE DEGermany DECENTRALISATION, Youth Unemployment. The same year she left and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from car access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London Neweasier York she came to back to London, D’ ADMINISTRATION LOCALE ETprivate DEand DEVELOPPEMENT REGIONAL in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and Edition Counsellor University College of London, where she continued her social research. Her public action and long-term HELLENIC informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers,LOCAL brokers of buying CENTER FORforDECENTRALIZATION, her work are characterized by a passion justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling real estate, etc., for the depreciation initially of part of the urban web, in GOVERNMENT AND REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT 10th edit. Wil. COLLINS SONS AND Co Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
∆ιευθύνεται υπ� Συντακτικής Eπιτρ�πής εκ Kαθηγητών Πανεπιστηµί�υ και Eιδικών Eπιστηµ�νων. Σύστηµα Kριτών. Dirigée par Comité de rédaction de Professeurs d’ Université et de Scientifiques Spécialisés Directed by Edition Board of University Professors and Specialized Scientists System of external evaluators * Tιµή τεύ��υς: 9 f Συνδρ�µέςBy ετήσιες: Φιλίας: 300C. fATHANASOPOULOS ∆ηµ�σίων Mr. George-Sp. Yπηρεσιών, N.Π.∆. και I.∆., ∆ήµων, N�µαρ�ιακών Aυτ�δι�ικήσεων,Tραπε�ών, Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, Eταιρειών: 150 f Iδιωτών: 30 f Φ�ιτητών: 15 f By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect E�ωτερικ�ύ: US $ 100 Student of the School of Architecture Prix: 9 f Abonnements: Prix d’ ami: 300 f Services Publics, Personnes Morales de Technical University of Crete Droit Public ou Privé, Communes, Administrations Départementales, Banques, Sociétés: 150 f Individuels: 30 f Etudiants: 15 f 1. Introductory approach: Defining Etranger:the USconcept $ 100 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept Price: 9 f Subscriptions: Friendship: 300 f Public Services, ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), Legal Persons of Public or Private Law, Communities, Prefecture ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BCAdministrations, -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the Banks, Societies: 150 f Individuals: 30 f among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great “principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with the definition of the content of concepts. Students: 15 f Abroad: US $ 100 acquisition of knowledge starts with the definition of the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term * Υπεύθυνος Τυπογραφείου 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term Yπεύθυν�ς Tυπ�γρα�εί�υ gentrification) is area of Planning) (or gentrification ΕΚΤΥΠΩΣΕΙΣ ΘΕΟΔΩΡΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ ΔΗΜΗΤΡΗΣ 1 (and urban EI∆IKH EK∆OTIKH A.E.E.B.E. gentrification gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” a city area,Αθήνα, the removal from this, (in various Μάρνη 25,ofΠλ. Βάθης, Xαλκ�κ�νδύλη 35,Tηλε�. Kέντρ�: (210) 5242177, (210) 5226641, FAX: (210) 5232409 Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various τηλ.: 210.5234559, φαξ: 2105203633, email: theogi@otenet.gr ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, * etc. However ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, “change”,there regardless of Tα δηµ�σιευ�µενα κείµενα απη��ύν τις απ�ψεις των Συντακτών τ�υς the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof καιother δεν δεσµεύ�υν την EΠIΘ. AYT. KAI ΠEP.prices AN. (and the whatever consequences has,AΠOK.,TOΠ. results also rising of land potential relative speculation). * potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to Oιthen αναγγελίες εντ�ςtrend πλαισί�υ των νέων εκδ�σεων απ�τελ�ύν πρ�σ��ρά The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early�ιλική 1960s and itareas refersofto the observed ofiswealthy to buy property in poor τ�υ Eπιστηµ�νικ�ύ Yπευθύν�υ τ�υ Περι�δικ�ύ πρ�ς τ�υς Συγγρα�είς τ�υς the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof London, upgrade them, stay themselves* sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly Bάσει τ�υ N.“squeezed”. 2121/1993 και των σ�ετικών καν�νων τ�υ ∆ιεθν�ύς ∆ικαί�υ απαbeing indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Ruth γ�ρεύεται η αναδηµ�σίευση ή η αναπαραγωγή (�λική ή µερική) µε Sociologist �π�ι�ν δήπ�τε A description ofδήπ�τε this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of πρ�ηγ�ύµενη Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same period, while similar in other major τρ�π� και µε �π�ι� µέσ� των κειµένων τ�υ παρ�ντ�ς, �ωρίς GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major έγγρα�η άδεια τ�υ εκδ�τ�υ. cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. Toute reproduction un quelconque de cette Revue, cities in Western countries, byextrait other Researchers. Since then, the issued’has preoccupied several scholars andpar forquelque its more procédé que ce soit, et notamment par photocopie ou microfilm, est strictement Since then, the issue has preoccupied several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach are being summarized from interdite. comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations thematerial phenomenon of gentrification, following: The whole ofofthe appearing in this Review isthe a copyright and may not be interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: In a sense,inthe phenomenon is due to trend of a new category reproduced whole or in part without thea permission of the Editor. of social groups to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus * for several reasons: high costs in money ∆ιεύθυνση / Adresse / Address and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the Ίµ�ρ�υ 6, 11257 τηλ.: (210) 8647120, fax: centres, (210) 8658868 termat comes from Aθήναι, Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town search IMVROY GR 11257, / ATHENS, teleph.: 8647120, Berlin, where she6,made her first ATHENES studies. In 1932 she published an (210) important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year left8658868 Germany and after continuous movements for fax:she (210) lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc. studies and research Geneva, Prague, London * and New York she came back to London, where in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and http : // library.panteion.gr/pandemos • Eλληνικά περι�δικά University College of London, where she continued her social research. Her public action and long-term informal effort by organized *groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theISSN depreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Co Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: 1106-91-71 G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification ΤΕΥΧΟΣ Ν. 91/2018/ ΠΕΡΙΕΧΟΜΕΝΑ/SOMMAIRE/CONTENTS Concerns
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Σελ./P. By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard/University, School of Design, - Κωνστ. ΓΕ. ΑΘΑΝΑΣΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ Const. GE.Graduate ATHANASOPOULOS: Τοις Student, By Mr.οιGeorge-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Εντευξομένοις Ή Οι θεμελιώδεις «αρχές» διέπουσες την δράση της Architect Student of the School of Architecture 3 Ελληνικής Δημόσιας Διοίκησης………………………………………………………………. Technical University of Crete - Ναπ. ΜΑΡΑΒΕΓΙΑΣ: Διεθνείς Χρηματοπιστωτικές Αγορές και Οίκοι Αξιολόγησης ………………………………………….……………………………………………… 10 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept - Andr. N. LYTRAS: Combating unemployment: A simulation of policy 1. Introductory approach: the concept ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), implementation within a postgraduate lesson…………………………………………. 12 ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the -acquisition Θ. ΚΑΛΛΙΑΝΟΣ: H Ευρωπαϊκή Ένωση και εμείς! Και οι άλλοι;………………… among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the24 - acquisition Ελ. ΚΑΒΒΑΔΙΑ: Το Ειδικό Καθεστώς Οικονομικών Δραστηριοτήτων του of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term Ελληνικού Κράτους και Ελλήνων Υπηκόων σε Χώρες των Βαλκανίων: 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term (or gentrification (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) 1 (and urban και Θεωρητικές Προσεγγίσεις Εμπειρικοί Προσανατολισμοί……………………. gentrification gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or28 Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various -ways), Γ. ΓΕΩΡΓΗΣ: Η Ίδρυση και Λειτουργία του Ελληνικού Υποπροξενείου Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, στην Κύπρο 1833 -galleries, 1864.usually ………………………………………………………………………. ways), of social groups, of low-income and thethis placement of artists, the operation of art restaurants, etc. However “change”,there regardless of 38 -whatever Ελ. operation ΧΑΤΖΗΝΙΚΟΛΑΟΥ: Μινιμαλισμός: Θεωρία ή Στυλ;……………………………. the of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof43 -potential Αρτ. Δ. ΣΑΒΒΙΔΟΥ: Περί ελευθεριών βάσει των Συμβ. whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results alsoΧαρτών rising of landτης prices (and the relative Ευρώπης και της Ε.Ε. …………………………………………………………………………….. potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to 49 - Ευγ. Μαρ. Κ.gentrification ΑΘΑΝΑΣΟΠΟΥΛΟΥ / people ЕВГЕНИЯ МАРИА АФАНАСОПУЛУ: The term found at first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor Το Μυστήριο του Alexander Scriabin. Μία κριτική προσέγγιση / ,,Краткое the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof содержание Выводы”…………………………………………………………………………. London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are54 being indirectly “squeezed”. - being G.A- Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS: Reflections on Hertfordshire for Ruth indirectly “squeezed”. description of this phenomenon is included in the work ofEnergy Sociologist Waste Development……………….………………………………………………………………. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth57 GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major -cities Ορ. Ν. ΨΑΛΛΙΔΑΣ, Αικ. Π. ΤΟΥΜΠΑΝΟΥ: Προσέγγιση της εφαρμοζόμενης GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major in Western countries, by other Researchers. ποινικής διαδικασίας υπό τηςscholars Κυπριακής και its της cities in Western countries, byτων otherΔικαστηρίων Researchers. Since then, the issue has preoccupied several and for more Ελληνικής Δημοκρατίας………………………………………………………………………….. Since then, the issue has several below, scholars andthe for various its more64 comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized from - comprehensive Φωστ. ΠΑΡΑΔΕΙΣΟΥ ΚΩΝΣΤΑΝΤΙΝΟΥ: Η προστασία της Συνταγματικής approach are being summarized from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thebelow, following: ταυτότητας των κρατών μελών της Ε.Ε………………………………………………….. interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new category of social groups 70 -toΣυνέντευξη τουcity, Καθηγητού ΓΕ.for ΑΘΑΝΑΣΟΠΟΥΛΟΥ: Τοcosts Πανεπι“return” to the leaving theΚων. purlieus several reasons: high in money στήμιο ΝΕΑΠΟΛΙΣ, Πάφος, Κοιτίδα Παιδείας, Επιστήμης και Πολιτισμού…. and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the 80 - Andr. CHRISTOFIDES: InSociologist keeping with 1.of The termat comes from Ruth tradition……………………………………. GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in84 sense safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: - + K. Ηλ.ofΣΑΤΟΛΙΑΣ: Εισαγωγή στο Κεφ. 155………………………………………….. services health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) 89 Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for - Youth Η ΔΕΛΤΟΣ……………………………………………………………………………………………. lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where90 studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, - in Βαρβ. Φορολογική διαχείριση σελίδας μισθωμάτων που 1943ΒΕΛΗ: she published studies regarding city planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the According to another approach, the phenomenon is due a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research. Her public action and καταβάλλονται για τη χρήση δικαιωμάτων (franchising)………………………… long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying 94 her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. - 10th Βράβευση του Καθηγητού του Πανεπιστημίου ΝΕΑΠΟΛΙΣ Κωνστ. ΓΕ. and selling real estate, etc., for the depreciation initially of part of the urban web, in edit. Wil. COLLINS SONS AND Co Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm aΑΘΑΝΑΣΟΠΟΥΛΟΥ…………………………………………………………………………………. variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually 98
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Student of the School of Architecture Technical University of Crete
1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept 1. Introductory approach: the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term (or gentrification (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof upgrade them, stay sometimes thereΕπιστημονικών and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. - London, Επιτυχής ολοκλήρωση τωνthemselves εργασιών της 52ης Σειράς being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth 99 Ημερίδων στις Βρυξέλλες………………………………………………………………………. A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere theΒασιλ. work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS atΓΕ. theΑΘΑΝΑΣΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ: same while Κριτικά similar recorded in otherΟιmajor - Κωνστ. Σημειώματα: ΜΕΛΕΤΗ, GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western by other Researchers. πράσινοι φόροι countries, ως μηχανισμός φορολογικής αποκέντρωσης και μέσο cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more100 χρηματοδότησης των ΟΤΑ……………………………………………………………………… Since then, the issue has several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized from - +Αμ. Αθαν. ΚΥΡΑΓΓΕΛΟΥ……………………………………………………………………… 103 comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations the phenomenon of gentrification, following: - Σοφ. ΧΡΟΝΗ: of Η Επιμόρφωση Στελεχών στις Χώρεςthe της Ε.Ε…….…………….. 104 interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In aΑ.sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups108 - Αγγ. ΤΣΑΚΛΑΓΚΑΝΟΣ: ΕΛΕΓΚΤΙΚΗ…………………………………………………… to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: costsκαι in money - Κέντρο Έρευνας Περιφερειακής Ανάπτυξης «Ιερώνυμος Δ. high ΠΙΝΤΟΣ and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack Αναστασία Ιερ. ΠΙΝΤΟΥ»………………………………………………………………………..of the109 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, - Berlin, ΔΕΥΚΑΛΙΩΝ ο Θεσσαλός. Εκδότης: Θάνος 110 where she made her first studies. In 1932 Κ. sheΑΘΑΝΑΣΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ…………… published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) - Youth Κωνστ. ΓΕ. ΑΘΑΝΑΣΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ: Σημειώματα: Σ. ΣΑΒΒΑΣ: Unemployment. The same yearΚριτικά she left Germany and after continuousΝΑΤΑ movements for lower living costΧρόνο…………………………………………………………………………….. of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies andστον research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, Διαδρομή 111 in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and - University ΔΗΜΟΤΙΚΑ ΤΡΑΓΟΥΔΙΑ ΣΟΦΑΔΩΝ.…………………………………………………….. 113 College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, ofaction buying - her Εκδότης, 114 work areΕπιστημονικός characterized by Υπεύθυνος……………………………………………………... a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: - 10th Περιεχόμενα………………………………………………………….……………………………... 116 G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually
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