E¶.A¶. A¶.TO¶. TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP.AN. AN./ R.DEC. / R.DEC.ADM. ADM.LOC. LOC.DEV. DEV.REG. REG./ R. / R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC.GOV. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. DEV. E¶.
Team 10 GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of1 Intervention, Definition, ofκυρίας intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Της Ελ. ΧΑΤΖΗΝΙΚΟΛΑΟΥ Αρχιτέκτονoς, MSc UCL (University College London) Concerns Special Teaching Staff Σχ. Αρχιτεκτ. Πανεπ. ΝΕΑΠΟΛΙΣ, Πάφος
By Mr. ATHANASOPOULOS Το 1928 με πρωτοβουλία του Le George-Sp. CORBUSIERC.διοργανώνεται στην Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, Ελβετία το πρώτο από έντεκα Διεθνή Συνέδρια Αρχιτεκτονικής (C.I.A.M.).2 By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Στόχος των Συνεδρίων αυτών ήταν η ανάδειξη και καταγραφή της Student of the School of Architecture ρήξης του Μοντέρνου κινήματος με την παράδοση και η μεταφορά των Technical University of Crete αρχών του, σε Διεθνές επίπεδο. 1. Introductory approach: the concept τοDefining 1956 στο Ντουμπρόβνικ ο Le CORBUSIER Στο 10ο Συνέδριο 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept απουσίαζε. Σε επιστολή που έστειλε υποστήριξε τη - νέα γενιά των ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC 370 BC, Athens), Αρχιτεκτόνων «σαν τους μόνους ικανούς να βρίσκονται άμεση επαφή among other wise heritage he left us, he established a greatσε“principle”: the 3a greatof among other wise της heritage leftthe us,definition he established “principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the με τα προβλήματα μεταπολεμικής κατάστασης». acquisition ofμεταξύ knowledge starts with thein definition the content of concepts. Based, therefore, onτης this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term Η ρήξη νέας γενιάς Αρχιτεκτόνων και της παλιάς γενιάς 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification επισημοποιείται το 1959 στο Συνέδριο του Otterlo. Κύρια αιτία της ρήξης 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various αποτελεί η διαπίστωση από τη νέα γενιά ότι «η κακή ερμηνεία του βιβλίου Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income theremoval placement της Χάρτας των Αθηνών προκάλεσε μια and άψυχη, φτωχή, μονότονη και ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants,3 etc. However this “change”, regardless of ιδίως κερδοσκοπική αρχιτεκτονική». the operation ofconsequences art galleries, restaurants, etc.also However regardless whatever other has, results risingthis of “change”, land prices (and theof Η ομάδα νέων αυτών Αρχιτεκτόνων πολλοί από prices τους οποίους whatever otherτων consequences has, results also rising of land (and the potential relative speculation). δούλεψαν στο γραφείο του Le CORBUSIER, αποτέλεσε την ομάδα ‘Team potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to 7 10’. The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor Η upgrade κοινή αντίληψη ότι υπήρχε σεold σχέση με την the then observed trend of wealthy people στασιμότητα to there buy property in poor areas London, them, stayτους, themselves sometimes and thus residents areof London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are εξέλιξη της αρχιτεκτονικής σκέψης του Μοντέρνου κινήματος της being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”. περιόδου 40-50 και ότι ο καθένας χωριστά βρήκε μια νέα αρχή σε σχέση A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded workτους of Sociologist Ruth με διάφορα και similar αρχιτεκτονικά θέματα, σε GLASS at the πολεοδομικά same while inοδήγησε other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. τακτικές συναντήσεις στις οποίες αντάλλασσαν απόψεις σε σχέση με τις cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more ιδέες και τα projects τους. Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from various Μέρος των συναντήσεων και απόψεων των μελών τουthe Team 10 comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the gentrification, theεκδόθηκε following: το 1962 αποτυπώνονται στοphenomenon αντίστοιχοofβιβλίο το οποίο και interpretations of the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theτο phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of aSmithson. new of social groups 4 επανεκδόθηκε 1968 με επιμέλεια της Alison to “return” to the for several reasons: high costs in money 1 city, του leaving Team the 10purlieus αυτοαποκαλούνται ως οι Ουτοπικοί της Τα μέλη and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the τρέχουσας πραγματικότητας, με την έννοια της κατανόησης του termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, πνεύματος της εποχής, και αλλαγής και της Berlin, where she made her firstπνεύμα studies. Inκινητικότητας 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”,movements (possibly)for Youth Unemployment. The same year ανθρώπινων she left Germanyομάδων and after continuous προσπάθειας ανάπτυξης των και ανάδειξης των lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying 1 her work are characterized by Holland, a passionAldo for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. Μέλη: J.estate, B. Bakema van Eyck Holland, G. Candilis France, A & in P and selling realCOLLINS etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: Smithson England, Shad Woods France, Giancarlo de Carlo Italy, J. Coderch Spain, C. G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually
Pologni Hungary, J. Soltan Poland, S.Wewerka Germany.
252133 11
E¶.A¶. A¶.TO¶. TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP.AN. AN./ R.DEC. / R.DEC.ADM. ADM.LOC. LOC.DEV. DEV.REG. REG./ R. / R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC.GOV. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. DEV. E¶.
GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
34
δημιουργικών τους δυνάμεων, μέσα από συγκεκριμένες σε πολεοδομικό, αστικό και αρχιτεκτονικό επίπεδο υλοποιημένων προτάσεων. Ο Γιώργος Κανδύλης αναφέρει χαρακτηριστικά στο βιβλίο του «Ζωή και Έργο»: 3 «Ο Le CORBUSIER έλεγε: Τοποθετώ το σπίτι στο κέντρο του διώνυμου: ατομικό + συλλογικό δηλ. οικογένεια + κοινωνία και αφού εξασφαλίσω την οικογενειακή ελευθερία (σπίτι) οργανώνω κάθε τι που By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS μπορεί να προσφέρει τοHarvard συλλογικό (πολεοδομία). Αλίμονο, έχουν περάσει University, Graduate School of Design, Student, George-Sp. την C. ATHANASSOPOULOS τόσα χρόνια και το συλλογικό By έχειMr.προσφέρει σύγχυση και την Architect Student of the School of Architecture παραμόρφωση των πολεοδομικών συστημάτων.» of Crete Θα μπορούσε, επίσης, να επισημανθεί, Technical ότι στο University έργο του Le CORBUSIER δεν υπάρχουν υλοποιημένες παρεμβάσεις σε πολεοδομικό και 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept αστικό επίπεδο, εκτός από καταθέσεις απόψεων μέσα από προτάσεις 1. Introductory approach: the concept ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), (σχέδια) και μέσα από ANTISTHENIS, theκείμενα. ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the Μερικά από τα χωρικά ζητήματα με τα οποία τα μέλη του Team 10 among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. απασχολήθηκαν σεon διαγραμματικό, αλλά και στην πραγματική υλοποίησή acquisition of knowledge starts with the the content of concepts. Based, therefore, this “principle” indefinition a first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 (and urban Based, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term τους, είναι:therefore, gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban gentrification) 8 gentrification indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or 1. Αστική ταυτότητα Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways),2. of Αστική social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there η of έννοια artists, αναγνωσιμότητα, Δίκτυο ανθρώπινων σχέσεων, ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and placement of artists, 9 the the operation ofΑριθμού art galleries, restaurants, However this “change”,there regardless of του Μεγάλου (αξίες και νόμοιetc. αυτού). the operation ofconsequences art τρόπος galleries, διαβίωσης, restaurants, etc. However whatever other has, results also risingthis of “change”, land (and theof 3. Μαζικός Αρχιτεκτονική για prices τον regardless ανώνυμο whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative πελάτη Ιδεολογία και αρχιτεκτονική, ανθρώπινη καθημερινότητα, potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found atκαι firstαλλαγή, in the UK in early 1960s andκοινωνική it refers to κινητικότητα και ροή, επέκταση πόλη σύμπλεγμα, The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor και κινητικότητα, ο wealthy αυτοκινητόδρομος ωςproperty όριο, street in the sky,of theφυσική then observed trend people to there buy in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes and thus old residents are ελευθερία, ευελιξία, αλλαγή, βιολογικήsometimes συνέχειαthere πολιτισμική συνέχεια, όλο London, upgrade them, stay themselves and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. 10 σε σχέση με το μέρος και τ’ αντίθετο κ.τ.λ. being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth 11 Διαφορετικότητα A4. description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major Παράλληλα με την ενεργή δραστηριότητα των μελών του Team 10 GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. κατά την περίοδο των δεκαετιών 50 και 60, περίοδο της μεγάλης Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more Since then, the issue has several scholars andthe for its more κοινωνικής ανοικοδόμησης, οpreoccupied Le CORBUSIER ασχολείται μεταξύ άλλων, με comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from various comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various τη Chandigarch, την εκκλησία of της Ronchamp,theτηfollowing: La Tourette και το interpretations of the phenomenon gentrification, interpretations the phenomenon of following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is due togentrification, a trend a new category social groups Firminy, ο JACOBSEN με το SAS Royal Hotelofκαι οthe Mies VANofDE ROHE με to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money το“return” SeagramtoBuilding. and time to travel from the purlieus downtown, where placeτου is, lack of the Η αισθητική έκφραση της to αρχιτεκτονικής τωνwork μελών Team 10 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, ταυτίζεται με την αισθητική του Μπρουταλισμού, κύρια αισθητική Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart ofκατά the city”, (possibly) έκφραση στην αρχιτεκτονική, αλλά στην Τέχνη την περίοδοfor Youth Unemployment. The same year she left και Germany and after continuous movements lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back to London, αυτή. in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and Ο όρος προέρχεται από she το continued Beton –brut(ακατέργαστο μπετόν) και University College of London, where her social research. brokers Her public and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, ofaction buying work την are characterized by a passion justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. ενherγένει ακατέργαστη σχέση for υλικών. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually
2521 11
E¶.A¶. A¶.TO¶. TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP.AN. AN./ R.DEC. / R.DEC.ADM. ADM.LOC. LOC.DEV. DEV.REG. REG./ R. / R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC.GOV. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. DEV. E¶.
GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
Σύμφωνα με τον Βρεττανό Ιστορικό Reyner BANHAM5 ο Μπρουταλισμός δεν είναι στυλ, αλλά η έκφραση ατμόσφαιρας ηθικής σοβαρότητας μιας ομάδας αρχιτεκτόνων. Η αισθητική αυτή ταυτίζεται με απόψεις ειλικρίνειας, αντισυμβατικές και αντιεξουσιαστικές εκφρασμένες μέσα από γλυπτικές ποιότητες. Τα πράγματα αλλάζουν, οι προβληματισμοί και τα ερωτήματα υπάρχουν εξελίσσονται αναθεωρούνται. By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS ο Bill HILLIER ‘Ο Στις αρχές της δεκαετίας του ’80 Graduate Harvard University, School ofυποστηρίζει: Design, Student, By Mr.συνδυαστικά George-Sp. C.μέσα ATHANASSOPOULOS χώρος είναι η μηχανή η οποία παράγει στο χρόνο όλες Architect the School of Architecture τις πιθανές μορφές της κοινωνίας. Τα Student κτήρια ofείναι μεταξύ των πιο Technical University of Crete 6 ισχυρών μέσων αναπαραγωγής κοινωνικών σχέσεων στον χώρο – χρόνο’ 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept – Βιβλιογραφία – Εικόνες: 1. Σημειώσεις Introductory approach: the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, 1) Η εισήγηση ‘Team 10’ παρουσιάστηκε στα πλαίσια της εκδήλωσης ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the ‘Οι Δεκαετίες 50’ 60’ & ο χώρος’ στις 10/05/2018. Η διοργάνωση among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. της εκδήλωσης τη with Σχολή Μηχανικής και acquisition ofέγινε knowledge starts theindefinition the content of concepts. Based, therefore, onαπό this “principle” a Αρχιτεκτονικής first, if of not final, approach, the term Γεωπεριβαλλοντικών Επιστημών, Πανεπιστήμιο Πάφος. 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” inindicated a first,Νεάπολις if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) is area of Planning) (or gentrification ο 1 ιδρυτικό Συνέδριο των C.I.A.M. έγινε στην Ελβετία στον πύργο 2) Το 1 gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal (in various της La Sarraz το 1928. Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ο και το 3ο Συνέδριο έγιναν στη Φραγκφούρτη το 1929 και στις Τοof2social ways), groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”,there regardless of Βρυξέλλες το 1930. the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof Συνέδριο έγινε στοhas, ατμόπλοιο «Πατρίς ΜασσαλίαςΤο relative 4οother whatever consequences results also rising2»ofμεταξύ land prices (and the potential speculation). potential relative speculation). Πειραιά και στην Αθήνα το 1933. The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to The gentrification iswealthy found first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto Τοterm 5ο Συνέδριο έγινεofτο 1937 at στο Παρίσι. the then observed trend people to buy property in poor ο Συνέδριο the then trend of wealthy people to there buy property inστη poor areas το είχε προγραμματιστεί να thus γίνειold Λέσχη τοof Τοupgrade 6observed London, them, stayοποίο themselves sometimes and residents are London, them, stay themselves and thus old residents are 1939, δεν upgrade πραγματοποιείται. Γίνεται τοsometimes 1947 στο there Bridgewater. being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”. γίνεται το 1949isστο Μπέργκαμο. To 7o Συνέδριο A description of this phenomenon included in the work of Sociologist Ruth ο A description of this phenomenon is included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth Συνέδριο γίνεται το 1951 στο Hoddesdon. Τοat8the GLASS same period, while similar situations in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major ο γίνεται το 1953 στο Aix-en Provence. 9 Συνέδριο cities inΤο Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. ο Συνέδριο Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more γίνεται το 1956 στο Ντουμπρόβνικ. Το 10 Since then, the issue has preoccupied several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach are being summarized 3) Γιώργος Κανδύλης, ‘Ζωή και Έργο’, Εκδόσεις Ερμής,from 1985. comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations phenomenon of gentrification, following: 4) Team of 10the meetings: 1953-1984 edited bythe Alison SMITHSON, Rizzoli, interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In York, a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups New 1991. to “return” to the BANHAM, city, leaving‘The the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money 5) Reyner new Brutalism: Ethic or Aesthetics?’, London, and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the Architectural Press, 1966. The termat comes from Sociologist GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.of safety the distributed outside town centres, 6) Bill Hillier, ‘Space is residencies the Ruth machine’, University of Cambridge Press, Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Cambridge, 1996. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/3881/1/SITM.pdf Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies in Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, 7)and εικresearch 1. in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and 8) εικ 2. University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying 9) εικ 3. her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling real for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: 10) εικ COLLINS 4.estate, etc., G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually
252135 11
E¶.A¶. A¶.TO¶. TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP.AN. AN./ R.DEC. / R.DEC.ADM. ADM.LOC. LOC.DEV. DEV.REG. REG./ R. / R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC.GOV. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. DEV. E¶.
GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Student of the School of Architecture Technical University of Crete
1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept 1. Introductory approach: the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative potential relative speculation). in the εικ.The 1 term gentrification is found at firstεικ. 2 UK in early 1960s and it refers to The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old residents areof London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more Since then, the issue has several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized from comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, ofaction buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th SONS AND Ltd. London The Free Encyclopedia: εικ. 3 edit. Wil. εικ.2009. 4 WIKIPEDIA: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually
36
2521 11