tois enteyxomenois

E¶.A¶.

A¶.TO¶.

TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP.AN. AN./ R.DEC. / R.DEC.ADM. ADM.LOC. LOC.DEV. DEV.REG. REG./ R. / R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC.GOV. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. DEV. E¶.

Τοις Εντευξομένοις GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Ή Definition, Types of intervention, Concerns of Gentrification Περί της υφής της ταυτότητoς και του Δικαίου της Concerns Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης

εν συναρτήσει με αποφάσεις του Δικαστηρίου

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, ByΤου Mr. George-Sp. ATHANASSOPOULOS Κωνστ. ΓΕ.C.ΑΘΑΝΑΣΟΠΟΥΛΟΥ Architect Student of the School of Architecture Καθηγητού Νομικής Σχολής TechnicalΠρογραμμάτων University of Crete και Μεταπτ.

ΝΕΑΠΟΛΙΣ, Πάφος, 1. Introductory approach: Defining the Πανεπιστημίου concept Καθηγητού Προγρ. Σπ. Πανεπ. Αθηνών, 1. Introductory approach: the concept (444 BC - 370 ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, BC, Athens), Καθηγητού ΠΑΝΤΕΙΟΥ ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC,Π.Κ.Π.Ε., Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, Ομοτ. he established a great the Ex Ch. L. U. L. Bruxelles, among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the Ex. Int.ofI.I.A.P., acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, theParis term 1 Δικηγόρου Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term (and urban gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Κατόχου Τιμητ. Διακρ.

Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city from this, (inartists, various LE area, PRIX EUROPEEN DES 12 ETOILES ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement there of ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential Ο relative Έλλην speculation). Κυνικός Φιλόσοφος Αντισθένης κατέλειπε εις τους potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in«αρχή»: early 1960s and it refers to Επιγενομένους μία σπουδαία «αρχή σοφίας The term gentrification found(επιστημονική) atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor ονομάτων επίσκεψις». Ακολουθούντες αυτή inτην «αρχή» the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people ακριβώς to there buy property poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old residents areof προτάσσουμε στο παρόν άρθρο την έννοια του Διεθνούς Οργανισμού, ήτοι London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. μίας «κατασκευής» στενώς συναπτόμενης με την φύση και το εν γένει being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth status της Ευρωπαϊκής A description ofperiod, this Ένωσης. phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major Η έννοια του Διεθνούς Οργανισμού ανάγει την γένεσή της GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. θεωρητικώς μεν στις αναζητήσεις και στους προβληματισμούς των Ρ.

Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more DUBOIS, E. CRUCE, A. SULLY, Abbe de SAINT below, PIERRE, E. the KANT κ.ά., comprehensive approach are being summarized from various comprehensive approach are summarized from theτελικώς various πρακτικώς δε of στις απαρχές τουbeing παρελθόντος αιώνος, οφείλουσα interpretations the phenomenon of gentrification, thebelow, following: interpretations the phenomenon gentrification, the following: In aπραγμάτωσή sense, theof phenomenon is dueof to a trend of a new category of social groups την της στην προηγηθείσα έννοια της Διεθνούς to “return” to theτης city,οποίας leavingαποτελεί the purlieus several reasons: high costs in money Συνδιάσκεψης, τηνfor άμεση προέκταση. and time travel from theεάν purlieus downtown, where work place is,οlack of the Σε toμία πρώτη, όχι toκαι οριστική προσέγγιση, Διεθνής 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter sense safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, 1 τηςin Οργανισμός ορίζεται ως Ομάδα Κρατών, διαθέτουσα ad hoc ιδικήborn Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, entertainment “at και the heart of«όργανα» the city”,movements (possibly) «βούληση» και education, βεβαίως επέκταση για τηνfor Youth Unemployment.

The sameκατ’ year she left Germany andίδια after continuous lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and 1 University College of London, where she continued social research.

Her public action and Organisation Internationale (Dr. Int.groups, Publ.):her Groupement permanent d’ of Etats doté long-term informal effort by organized manufacturers, brokers buying work are characterized by a passion for justice.d’See also: commun, COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. d’her organes destinés à exprimer, sur matiéres intérét une volonté distincte and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for thedes depreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Co Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: de celle des Etats members.

R. GUILLIEN et J. VINCENT: Termes Juridiques.

Paris, n. éd.

G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually 1988, p. 329.

2521 311

E¶.A¶.

A¶.TO¶.

TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP.AN. AN./ R.DEC. / R.DEC.ADM. ADM.LOC. LOC.DEV. DEV.REG. REG./ R. / R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC.GOV. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. DEV. E¶.

GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

μετουσίωση αυτής της «βούλησης» σε «πράξεις», υπό την αναγκαία προϋπόθεση, ότι αυτά τα τελευταία είναι διάφορα και ανεξάρτητα από τα ομοειδή ή μη, αντίστοιχα ή μη, όργανα των Κρατών Μελών, τα οποία συγκρότησαν την Ομάδα. Η μη (τυπική) εξάρτηση των μεν από τα δε, συνιστά, εξ άλλης πλευράς, condicio sine qua non για την αυτόνομη ύπαρξη και λειτουργία του Οργανισμού, ανεξαρτήτως της δυνατότητας Χώρας Μέλους της Ομάδας (του Διεθνούς Οργανισμού) να επηρεάζει τις εν

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS γένει επιλογές της (πολιτικές ή άλλες).

Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student,

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Ως γενεσιουργοί λόγοι της γένεσης και γενίκευσης της πολιτικής της Architect Student of the School of Architecture συγκρότησης υπό των Κρατών Διεθνών Οργανισμών, ποικίλων μορφών University of Crete και στόχων, αναφέρονται η επιθυμία των ΗγετώνTechnical των διαφόρων Κρατών να 1.εμπεδώσουν ειρήνης, φιλίας και συνεργασίας μεταξύ των, η Introductory κλίμα approach: Defining the concept προαγωγή οικονομικών ή άλλων συμφερόντων, η BC προάσπιση εθνικών 1. Introductory approach: the concept (444 ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, - 370 BC, Athens), θεμάτων μέσω τηςheritage συμμετοχής σεus, Διεθνείς Οργανισμούς, λειτουργία των ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BCη-“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise he left he established a great the Διεθνών Οργανισμών ως οργάνων αποτρεπτικών πολεμικών συρράξεων among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the κ.λ. acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 (and Based, therefore, onσωρευτικώς this “principle” in a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term Οι λόγοι αυτοί, ή is μεμονωμένως «δρώντες», οδηγούν, urban gentrification) indicated area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification ενίοτε, σεas«υπερβάσεις», οι οποίες να from ερμηνευθούν άνευ Sociology well), as the “refining” of aδεν cityείναι area,δυνατόν the removal this, (in various Sociology asτων well), as the “refining” of a city area, removal fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe the placement και εκτός πιθανών προσδοκωμένων καλών ωφελημάτων των ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, etc. However this “change”, regardless of Διεθνών Οργανισμών. Ως restaurants, χαρακτηριστική περίπτωση αναφέρεται εδώ η the operation ofconsequences art galleries, etc.also However regardless whatever other has,ανάγκη results risingthis of “change”, land (and theof άποψη του ΤΣΩΡΤΣΙΛ για restaurants, την συγκρότησης ενόςprices Ευρωπαϊκού whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative Συμβουλίου (1946 μ.Χ.), με την συμμετοχή μάλιστα της Γερμανίας, δέκα potential relative speculation).

Theμόλις term gentrification found at first the Παγκοσμίου UK in early 1960s and it refers to επτά μήνες μετά isτην λήξη τουin Β΄ Πολέμου και με The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor χαίνουσες εισέτι τις πληγές από την χιτλερική λαίλαπαinτης Γηραιάς the then observed trend wealthy people to there buy property poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes and thus old residents areof Ηπείρου.

London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. Οι Διεθνείς Οργανισμοί διακρίνονται σε πλείστες όσες κατηγορίες, being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth όπως: Υπερκρατικοί ή Υπερεθνικοί, Διακρατικοί, A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS atΠαγκόσμιοι, the same while similar in other major 2 Περιφερειακοί, Πολιτικοί, Στρατιωτικοί, Τεχνικοί κ.λ.

GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Εκ των the Ευρωπαϊκών Διακρατικών Οργανισμών Since then, issue has several scholars andΟικονομικής for its more Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars andthe for various its more Συνεργασίας αναφέρονται εδώbeing οι εξής: comprehensive approach are summarized below, from comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various - BENELUX, 1944. interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: interpretations theΕπιτροπή phenomenon gentrification, the following: Οικονομική γιαof Ευρώπη: 1947 (ωςof Οργανισμός In a- sense, theof phenomenon is due toτην a trend of a new category social groups to “return” to the city, leaving ως theμόνιμος purlieus από for several reasons: high costs in money προσωρινού χαρακτήρος), του έτους 1951. and time to travel fromΟργανισμός the purlieus to downtown, where work placeέτος is, lack of the - Ευρωπαϊκός Οικονομικής Συνεργασίας, ίδρυσης 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, 1948, 1960.

Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Ευρωπαϊκή Ένωση Ελευθέρων 1959.

Youth-Unemployment.

The same year she left Ανταλλαγών, Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London andΒοήθειας, New York she came to back to London, - Συμβούλιο Αμοιβαίας Οικονομικής 1949. in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic - Επιτροπή για she τηνcontinued Ανάπτυξη, 1961.research. Her public actionand University College ofΒοηθείας London, where her social and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit.

Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: 2 Βλ. Κωνστ. ΓΕ. ΑΘΑΝΑΣΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ: Το Δίκαιο της Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης. Αθήναι, G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

4

2010, σ. 15, επόμ. Εκδ. Κέντρου Επιμόρφωσης, Μελετών, Έρευνας και Ανάπτυξης.

2521 11

E¶.A¶.

A¶.TO¶.

TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP.AN. AN./ R.DEC. / R.DEC.ADM. ADM.LOC. LOC.DEV. DEV.REG. REG./ R. / R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC.GOV. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. DEV. E¶.

GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

Εκ των Ευρωπαϊκών Οργανισμών Πολιτικής Συνεργασίας αναφέρεται εδώ το Συμβούλιο της Ευρώπης, 1949. Εκ των Ευρωπαϊκών Οργανισμών Στρατιωτικής Συνεργασίας αναφέρονται εδώ οι εξής: - Σύμφωνο Δυτικής Ένωσης, 1948.

- Δυτικοευρωπαϊκή Ένωση, 1954. Εκ των υπερεθνικών Ευρωπαϊκών Οργανισμών εδώ οι

By Mr. George-Sp. C.αναφέρονται ATHANASOPOULOS εξής, προηγουμένης συνοπτικής σχετικής Graduate αναφοράς.

Harvard University, School of Design, Student,

By Mr. George-Sp. Χωρών C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Η επιθυμία των Ηγετών των Ευρωπαϊκών ευθύς Architect αμέσως Student of the School of Architecture μετά την λήξη του Β΄ Παγκοσμίου Πολέμου «κατηυθύνετο» προς την δημιουργία Συμμαχιών και Οργανισμών, επί Technical σκοπώ, University αφ΄ενόςof Crete μεν εμπέδωσης συναισθημάτων ασφαλείας και ειρήνης και αφ΄ετέρου 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept προαγωγής της μεταξύ των συνεργασίας, τόσον(444 προς αντιμετώπιση των 1. Introductory approach: the concept ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, BC - 370 BC, Athens), γενικώτερων προβλημάτων, που προκάλεσε η λαίλαπα ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC του -“principle”: 370προσφάτου BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the πολέμου, όσον και προς διεύρυνση των μεταξύ των οικονομικών among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the ανταλλαγών acquisition ofκ.λ. knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term Based, on this inindicated a first, if (in not final, approach, the term Αυτήtherefore, η1 (and «επιθυμία» ως“principle” φυσικό επακόλουθό της είχε την δημιουργία urban gentrification) is the area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Οργανισμών σαφούς και συγκεκριμένου κατ’(in various αρχάς, Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, theοικονομικού, removal from this, Sociology as well), as the of a city the fromthere this, (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and theremoval placement of προσανατολισμού, οι“refining” οποίοι θα area, υποβοηθούσαν οικονομικές ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of artτων galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, of δραστηριότητες πλέον ευρώστων οικονομιών της Δυτικήςregardless Ευρώπης, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also risingτων of land prices (and theof παρακαμπτομένων, εν τω μέτρω του εφικτού, «ιδιαιτεροτήτων» whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative ποικίλης μορφής των συμμετεχουσών Χωρών. potential relative speculation).

TheΟι term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s it refers to «ιδιαιτερότητες» ήταν, (και εξακολουθούν να and υφίστανται The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor βεβαίως πολλές εξ trend αυτών), ποικίλες, εξικνούμενες από την μορφή τουof the then observed wealthy people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes and thus old residents are πολιτεύματος, (π.χ. πολίτευμα Γαλλίας, Βελγίου, London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes thereΗνωμένου and thus old Βασιλείου, residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. Δανίας κ.λ.), την μορφή της Δημόσιας Διοίκησης κ.ά., μέχρι της μορφής being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth τωνAοικονομικών συστημάτων και του μικρού ή μεγάλου βαθμού description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major 3. «φιλελευθεροποίησης» και «ιδιωτικοποίησης» των οικονομιών τους GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Εκ των Οργανισμών αναφέρονται οι εξής: Since then,συναφών, the issue λοιπόν, has several scholars εδώ and for its more Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for various its more - Ευρωπαϊκή Κοινότητα και Χάλυβα, 1952.from the comprehensive approach are Άνθρακα being summarized below, comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various - Ευρωπαϊκή Κοινότητα, 1957. the following: interpretations of theΟικονομική phenomenon of gentrification, interpretations the phenomenon the following: Ευρωπαϊκή Κοινότητα Ενέργειας, 1957.

In a- sense, theof phenomenon isΑτομικής dueof togentrification, a trend of a new category of social groups to “return” city,τρεις leaving the purlieus for several υπό reasons: highδιοίκηση costs in money - [Οι to ωςthe άνω Κοινότητες «ετέθησαν» ενιαία μέσω and to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack ofκαι the της time Ενιαίας Ευρωπαϊκής Πράξης, προϊόν συνεχών διαβουλεύσεων 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, διασκέψεων κατά τα έτη 1985, 1986].

Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Ευρωπαϊκή Ένωση, Youth-Unemployment.

The same1993. year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and 3 University College of London, where she continued social research.

Her public action and Βλ. informal Const. GE. ATHANASSOPOULOS: Unionher Monetaire et Ecomomique, Parlement long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice.

See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. Europeen etreal Politiques Administratives, et Culturelles: Vies and selling estate, Gouvernementales, etc., for theCodepreciation initially ofSociales part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. COLLINS SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: paralelles, REVUE DE DECENTRALISATION, D’ ADMINISTRATION LOCALE ET DE G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually DEVELOPPEMENT REGIONAL, N. 19/2000, p. 1 et suiv.

2521 511

E¶.A¶.

A¶.TO¶.

TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP.AN. AN./ R.DEC. / R.DEC.ADM. ADM.LOC. LOC.DEV. DEV.REG. REG./ R. / R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC.GOV. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. DEV. E¶.

GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

Εν σχέσει με την «ένταξη» της νυν Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης, (εφεξής Ε.Ε.) σε μία εκ των αναφερθεισών κατηγοριών Διεθνών Οργανισμών, αναφέρονται όλως ενδεικτικώς τα εξής: Η Ευρωπαϊκή Ένωση αποτελεί υβριδικό ιδιότυπο μόρφωμα, εμπεριέχον ιδιόμορφα και ποικίλλα στοιχεία διακυβέρνησης, «δάνεια» εξ εθνικών αντιστοίχων συστημάτων και διεθνών υπερεθνικών οντοτήτων. Ο στόχος της Συνθήκης ΕΟΚ, που είναι η θέσπισηC.μιας κοινής αγοράς, η

By Mr. George-Sp. ATHANASOPOULOS λειτουργία της οποίας Harvard αφοράUniversity, άμεσα στους Πολίτες της Κοινότητας, Graduate School of Design, Student, συνεπάγεται, ότι η Συνθήκη αυτή αποτελεί κάτι περισσότερο από μια

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Student of the Schoolμεταξύ of Architecture συμφωνία, που δημιουργεί μόνο αμοιβαίες υποχρεώσεις των Technical University of Crete συμβαλλομένων Κρατών. Η άποψη αυτή επιβεβαιώνεται από το Προοίμιο της Συνθήκης, το οποίο αφορά εκτός από τις Κυβερνήσεις και τους Λαούς, κατά 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept τρόπο δε πιο συγκεκριμένο με την δημιουργία στα οποία έχουν 1. Introductory approach: Defining the conceptΟργάνων ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC 370 BC, Athens), παρασχεθεί κυριαρχικά δικαιώματα, η άσκηση των οποίων επηρεάζει τόσο τα ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great Κράτη Μέλη, όσο και τους Πολίτες τους. Με βάση αυτές τις σκέψεις πρέπειthe να among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with the Διεθνούς content concepts.υπέρ συναχθεί, ότι η Κοινότητα αποτελεί νέα έννομη of τάξη Δικαίου, acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition of the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if not final, approach, the term της οποίας τα1 Κράτη περιόρισαν τα κυριαρχικά τους δικαιώματα, σε μερικούς Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term (and urban gentrification) of Planning) (or gentrification έστω τομείς, και της οποίας υποκείμενα is είναι, όχι μόνο ταarea Κράτη Μέλη, αλλά 1 (and gentrification urban gentrification) indicated (in the area of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various 4. επίσης και οι Υπήκοοί τους Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, 5, η Εξofάλλης πλευράς, σε αντίθεση με τις συνήθεις Διεθνείς Συμβάσεις ways), social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”,there regardless of Συνθήκη της ΕΟΚ δημιουργήσει τηνetc. ιδική της έννομη τάξη, η regardless οποία απόof the operation ofconsequences artέχει galleries, restaurants, However whatever other has, results also risingthis of “change”, land prices (and the την έναρξη other ισχύοςconsequences της Συνθήκηςhas, ενσωματώθηκε στα νομικά συστήματα των whatever results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative speculation). Κρατών Μελών και πρέπει να λαμβάνεται υπ΄όψει από τα Δικαστήριά τους. potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to Μέσω της ίδρυσης μίας Κοινότητας η οποία διαθέτει The term gentrification found atαπεριόριστης first in the UKδιάρκειας, in early 1960s and it refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy people to buy property in poor areas τα ιδικά της Όργανα (…) και η οποία, μεταξύ άλλων, διαθέτει πραγματικές the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old residents areof εξουσίες, τα Κράτη Μέλη σε συγκεκριμένους όμως τομείς, τα London, upgrade them, stayπεριόρισαν, themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”.

6 κυριαρχικά τους δικαιώματα 7 και έχει παραχθεί κατ΄αυτόν συνταγματικά being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth τον τρόπο έναsame σύνολο νόμων εφαρμοστέων στους υπηκόους τους σεmajor αυτά A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the while similar in και other τα ίδια.

GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers.

8 το «πολυκρατικό» cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Κατά τινές αυτό σχήμα είτε and είναι όλον Since then, the issue has several scholars forως its more Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more κυρίαρχη πολιτεία, είτε αποτελεί «πολυκρατικό» μόρφωμα του comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from theΔιεθνούς various comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various Δικαίου, εντόςofτου η κυριαρχία των Κρατών παραμένει ανέπαφη, interpretations the οποίου phenomenon of gentrification, the following: interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups 4 to “return” to theαπόφαση city, leaving the purlieusΥπόθεση for several reasons: Βλ. σχετική του Δικαστηρίου, Van GEND and high LOOS,costs 1961.in money 5 and time travelαπόφαση from theτου purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the Βλ.to σχετική Δικαστηρίου, Υπόθεση 6/64, COSTA κατά ENEL. 6The term comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth GLASS was born in sense1.of safety distributed residencies outside town centres, for better Βλ. περί at τηςthe σημασίας και των λειτουργιών του Συντάγματος σε:search Αντ. ΜΑΝΙΤΑΚΗΣ: Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Ελληνικό Συνταγματικό Δίκαιο. Τόμ.

1. Αθήνα / Θεσσαλονίκη, 2004, σ.

1363 επόμ. Εκδόσ.

Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for ΣΑΚΚΟΥΛΑ. lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc. studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back to London, where 7 Βλ.she περί τηςanother σημασίας και των λειτουργιών του Συντάγματος σε: ΜΑΝΙΤΑΚΗΣ: in According 1943 published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning.

In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to approach, the is due a Αντ. systematic and University College of London, where sheΑθήνα continued her social research.

Her public and Ελληνικό Συνταγματικό Δίκαιο. Τόμ.

1. / Θεσσαλονίκη, 2004, σ.brokers 1363 επόμ. Εκδόσ. long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, ofaction buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. ΣΑΚΚΟΥΛΑ… and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit.

Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: 8 Βλ. Δ. ΤΣΑΤΣΟΣ: Ευρωπαϊκή Συμπολιτεία. Αθήναι, 2001, σ.

47 επόμ. Εκδόσεις G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

6

ΚΑΣΤΑΝΙΩΤΗ.

2521 11

E¶.A¶.

A¶.TO¶.

TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP.AN. AN./ R.DEC. / R.DEC.ADM. ADM.LOC. LOC.DEV. DEV.REG. REG./ R. / R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC.GOV. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. DEV. E¶.

GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

ενώ η προβλεπόμενη συνεχής νέα θεσμική οργάνωση είναι τόση, όση είναι αναγκαία για την πραγμάτωση των συμπεφωνημένων κοινών σκοπών και στόχων. Συνεπώς σημειώνεται, ότι οι αρχικές τρεις Κοινότητες (ΕΚΑΧ, ΕΟΚ, ΕΚΑΕ) και η μετέπειτα Ε.Ε., εδράζονται επί σειράς κοινών αξιών, (όπως εκείνες των θεμελιωδών ελευθεριών, της αλληλεγγύης 9, των θεμελιωδών ατομικών δικαιωμάτων κ.ά.). Το στοιχείο αυτόC. ATHANASOPOULOS έχει ως αναγκαίο

By Mr. George-Sp. παρεπόμενο, ότι αυτές Harvard (οι τρειςUniversity, Κοινότητες δηλαδή και of η Design, διάδοχος Ε.Ε.), Graduate School Student,

By Mr. George-Sp. των C. ATHANASSOPOULOS επεδίωκαν και επιδιώκουν την υλοποίηση ιδρυτικών (και Architect the School μεταγενέστερων) στόχων και σκοπών Student τους of μόνον μέσωof Architecture κανόνων Technical University of Crete επιβολής. δικαίου 10 και όχι μέσω μηχανισμών ισχύος και βιαίας Εάν δε, πέραν του ως Defining άνω συστήματος αξιών, ληφθεί υπ΄όψει, ότι οι 1. Introductory approach: the concept τρεις Κοινότητες, και η Ε.Ε., είναι «προϊόντα» ελεύθερης επιλογής των 1. Introductory approach: the concept (444 ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, BC - 370 BC, Athens), ενδιαφερομένων υπό καθεστώς ειρήνης, μακράν ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC «βιαίων -“principle”: 370 BC,άνωθεν Athens), among other wise Μερών heritage he left us, he established a great the επιταγών» και μακράν πολεμικών συγκρούσεων, τότε η ανάγκη για among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. ένα ίδιο και «ιδιάζον» σύστημα κανόνων δικαίου, το οποίο θα of διέπει την εν acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 (and therefore, onπαρίσταται this “principle” inindicated a first, if (in notκαι final, approach, the term γένειBased, λειτουργία τους ως κατεπείγουσα επιβεβλημένη. urban gentrification) is the area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Το as «ιδιάζον» του“refining” δικαιϊκού της Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης Sociology well), as the of aσυστήματος city area, the removal from this, (in various Sociology as well), the “refining” of aότι city τούτο area, removal fromthere this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe the placement artists, δικαιολογείται εκasτου γεγονότος, περιλαμβάνει, ωςof εκ του ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, However this “change”, regardless of ποικίλου εύρους των θεμάτων, τα etc. οποία καλείται να καλύψει και να the operation artπεδία galleries, However this regardless 11etc. whatever other consequences has, results also rising of “change”, land prices (and theof Δημόσιο Διεθνές Δίκαιο, Ιδιωτικό ρυθμίσει, όλαofτα τουrestaurants, Δικαίου: whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative Διεθνές Δίκαιο, Δημόσιο Δίκαιο (Δίκαιο Ανταγωνισμού, Εργατικό Δίκαιο potential relative speculation).

TheΙδιωτικό term gentrification found at Αρχές, first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers κ.λ.), Δίκαιο is (Γενικές Ενοχικό, Εμπράγματο) κ.λ. to Η The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor ευρύτητα όμως αυτή τόσον των υπό διευθέτηση θεμάτων, όσον και των the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old residents areof επ΄αυτών ρυθμίσεων, δημιουργεί σειρά σημαντικών London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thusπροβλημάτων old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. καταγραφής, ερμηνείας και εφαρμογής και λειτουργεί «αποτρεπτικώς» being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth επί A συγγραφικού συστηματικού επιπέδου. Απόδειξη δε of του description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in τελευταίου other major τούτου στοιχείου αποτελεί το γεγονός, ότι το εγχείρημα των εβδομήκοντα GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Συγγραφέων, οποίοι συνέταξαν το έτος 1969scholars μ.Χ. την and πρώτη Έκθεση Since then, οι the issue has several for its more Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for itsμέχρι more επί του Droit des Communautés Européenes δεν below, έχει επαναληφθεί comprehensive approach are being summarized from the various comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various τούδε, υπό την τουλάχιστον «οπτική». Βεβαίως, επί μέρους interpretations of theαυτή phenomenon of gentrification, the following: interpretations of the phenomenon of thecategory following: μονογραφίες αξιόλογες ενίοτε…) σειράof σημαντικών In a sense, the(λίαν phenomenon is due togentrification, a trendκαλύπτουν of a new social groups to “return” to city, leaving the purlieus for είτε several costs in money θεμάτων, καιtheιδίως εκείνων τα οποία η reasons: πολιτικήhigh «σκοπιμότητα» and time to travel from the purlieus downtown,δραστηριότητα where work place is, lack of the προτάσσει έναντι άλλων, είτε ηtoτρέχουσα και πρακτική termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth 9Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for Βλ. Αντ. Πρόλογος, ιδίως σελ.New 23,easier στο: Z.access -came M. FERY: To ζήτημα του lower living costΜΑΝΙΤΑΚΗΣ: of, in “withdrawal” from private to markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car York she back to London, Ευρωπαϊκού (Μετάφρ.), Αθήναι,the 2006. Εκδ. ΠΑΠΑΖΗΣΗ. in According 1943 she Κράτους published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning.

In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, is due a systematic and 10 University College of London, where she continued social Her public action and Βλ.informal Υπόθεση 22/70, by AETR, Συλλογή 1969 -her 1971, σ. research.

729, Γνωμοδότηση της long-term effort organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of2/93, buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. 19/3/1993. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit.

Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: 11 Βλ. ενδεικτικώς: Υπόθεση SCHRADER, Συλλογή 1989, σ.

2263. Υπόθεση C-97/91, G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually BORELLI, Απόφαση της 3/12/1992.

2521 711

E¶.A¶.

A¶.TO¶.

TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP.AN. AN./ R.DEC. / R.DEC.ADM. ADM.LOC. LOC.DEV. DEV.REG. REG./ R. / R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC.GOV. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. DEV. E¶.

GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

εντός του ευρωπαϊκού χώρου «αναδεικνύει» ως επείγοντα, ως επίκαιρα, ως κύρια. Προς όλα αυτά συναρτάται σειρά σημαντικών άλλων θεμάτων, όπως η πληθώρα των γλωσσών, στις οποίες πρέπει να διατυπώνονται οι ρυθμίσεις και οι κανόνες, οι ετερόκλητες και ενδεχομένως αλληλοαναιρούμενες εθνικές νομοθεσίες, οι πολιτικές επιλογές των επί μέρους Εθνικών Κυβερνήσεων, (οιBy οποίες πιθανόν να με Mr. George-Sp. C. «συγκρούωνται» ATHANASOPOULOS 12 ευρωπαϊκών μηχανισμών), οιDesign, γεωγραφικές την «άλλη» πορεία των Harvard University, Graduate School of Student,

By Mr.(πιθανόν) George-Sp. ATHANASSOPOULOS ιδιαιτερότητες των Εταίρων, οι οποίες ναC.«κατευθύνουν» προς Architect διάφορες θεωρήσεις την κοινή πολιτική κ.λ.Student of the School of Architecture Technical UniversityΕνιαίες of Crete Το Δίκαιο της Ε.Ε. διακρίνεται σε πρωτογενές, (Συνθήκες, Ευρωπαϊκές Πράξεις) καιDefining παράγωγο ή δευτερογενές, (Κανονισμοί 13, 1. Introductory approach: the concept 14, Αποφάσεις, Συστάσεις, Γνώμες). Οδηγίες 1. Introductory approach: the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, Επί του θέματος των σχέσεων του Δικαίου της άλλων ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -Ε.Ε.

370 και BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great “principle”: the (Εθνικών) Δικαιϊκών Συστημάτων ενδεικτικώς σημειώνονται τα εξής: among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the Πέραν μέχρι τούδε λεχθέντων, να προστεθεί καιterm το acquisition ofτων knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first,πρέπει if of not final, approach, the 1 Based, therefore, on this inindicated a first, if notthe final, approach, the του term πλέγμα των σχέσεων, οι “principle” οποίες γεννώνται μεταξύ των κανόνων (and urban gentrification) is (in area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Ευρωπαϊκού δικαίου εν τω συνόλω παραγώγου), Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityτου area,(πρωτογενούς the removal from- this, (in various Sociology as«έννομες» well), as the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and theremoval placement of προς άλλες τάξεις, προηγούμενες ή the επόμενες αυτού, σε σχέση με ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of τονoperation χρόνο έναρξης ισχύος αυτών. the operation art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also risingthis of (Δημοσίου) land prices (and theof Έτσι, ενofσχέσει με τους κανόνες του Διεθνούς Δικαίου whatever otherspeculation). has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative σημειώνεται, ότιconsequences οι κανόνες του Ευρωπαϊκού Δικαίου θεωρητικώς τελούν potential relative speculation). term gentrification is found first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to σε The κατάσταση «υποταγής» προς at αυτούς.

The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of buy property in poor Εν σχέσει με trend το Εθνικό Δίκαιο τωνtoto επί μέρους Κρατών - Μελών the then observed wealthy people buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof θεωρείται, ότι υπερέχει έναντι αυτού το Κοινοτικό. είναι London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thusΣχετικές old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. επ΄αυτού και οι αποφάσεις του Ευρωπαϊκού Δικαστηρίου, το οποίο έκανε being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth λόγοA description για υπεροχή Κοινοτικών Κανόνων Δικαίου των ofperiod, thisτων phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar inέναντι other major αντίστοιχων Εθνικών το πρώτον στην Υπόθεση 6/64, (15/7/1964), GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities inκατά Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

COSTA υπόθεση πρωτοποριακής υφής, ασκήσασα σημαντική Since then,ENEL, the issue has several scholars and for its more Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more επιρροή επί του approach όλου κοινοτικού γίγνεσθαι. comprehensive are being summarized below, from the various comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various Εξυπακούεται, ότι η οία δήποτε «υπεροχή» Κοινοτικού Δικαίου interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, theτου following: interpretations of the phenomenon thecategory following: έναντι των the αντιστοίχων Εθνικών να εκλαμβάνεται ως In a sense, phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a δεν trend πρέπει of a new of social groups to “return” to άκαμπτη the city, leaving the purlieusαλλά for several reasons: high in money κατάσταση και πετρώδης, ως ενέχουσα το costs στοιχείο της and time toδεδομένου, travel from the downtown, where work is, lack of the ευελιξίας, ότι purlieus τόσον οιtoΚοινοτικοί, όσον και οιplace Εθνικοί Κανόνες termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth12Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for Υπόθεση SCHRADER, Συλλογή 1989, σ. New 2263. Υπόθεση C-97/91, BORELLI, lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private easier access markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and car York she came to back to London, 3/12/1992. in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and 13 University College31/78 of London, where she continued Her public action and Υπόθεση BUSSONE, Συλλογή 1978,her σ.social 775, research. Υπόθεσηbrokers 177/78, and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, ofPIGS buying her work are characterized a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. BACON, Συλλογή 1979/ΙΙ,etc., σ.by 77. and selling realCOLLINS estate, for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit.

Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: 14 Υπόθεση 103/88, COSTANZO, Συλλογή 1989, σ.

1861, Υπόθεση C 221/88, G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

8

BUSSENI, Συλλογή 1990, σ. Ι - 519.

2521 11

E¶.A¶.

A¶.TO¶.

TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP.AN. AN./ R.DEC. / R.DEC.ADM. ADM.LOC. LOC.DEV. DEV.REG. REG./ R. / R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC.GOV. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. DEV. E¶.

GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns

Δικαίου εφαρμόζονται επί των ιδίων Ανθρώπων ταυτοχρόνως, χάριν και υπέρ των οποίων θεωρητικώς έχουν θεσπισθεί. Τέλος, σε σχέση με την κατάσταση υπό την οποία διατελούν οι κανόνες του Κοινοτικού Δικαίου και των Διεθνών Συμφωνιών / Συνθηκών της Ευρωπαϊκής Ενωσης επισημαίνεται, ότι η εφαρμογή των διατάξεων Διεθνών Συμφωνιών / Συνθηκών, τις οποίες συνάπτει η Ε.Ε., δεν είναι άνευ άλλου τινός άμεση στις Χώρες αλλά κρίνεται κατά περίπτωση ByΜέλη, Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS ad hoc, βάσει διαφόρωνHarvard παραμέτρων.

University, Graduate School of Design, Student, George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Μεμονωμένες περιπτώσεις,By Mr. κατά τις οποίες το Ευρωπαϊκό Architect of the School of Architecture Δικαστήριο έχει δεχθεί την «αυτόματη» Student επέκταση της εφαρμογής των Technical University of Crete διατάξεων διεθνούς συμφωνίας σε Χώρα Μέλος της Ε.Ε., δεν δημιουργούν τις1.προϋποθέσεις εκείνες, οι οποίεςthe θαconcept ήταν δυνατόν να οδηγήσουν σε Introductory approach: Defining γενική παραδοχή της άμεσης εφαρμογής των (444 εν λόγω κανόνων άνευ 1. Introductory approach: the concept ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, BC - 370 BC, Athens), 15 άλλου τινός.

ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the Το ούτως πως αναφερθέν μόρφωμα της Ε.Ε. διοικείται υπό σειράς among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. Οργάνων «παραγωγών» εν“principle” ταυτώ καιindefinition κανόνων Δικαίου, εχόντων ως acquisition of knowledge starts with the the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this a first, if of not final, approach, theεξής: term 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term - Ευρωπαϊκό Κοινοβούλιο. gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification - Ευρωπαϊκό Sociology as well), asΣυμβούλιο. the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually low-income and theremoval placement there -Το Συμβούλιο της of Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης, ή from Συμβούλιο των ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of Υπουργών ή of Συμβούλιο. the operation ofconsequences art galleries, restaurants, etc.also However regardless whatever other has, results risingthis of “change”, land prices (and theof - Ευρωπαϊκή Επιτροπή. whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative - Δικαστήριο της Ε.Ε. potential relative speculation).

The- term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to Ευρωπαϊκή Κεντρική Τράπεζα.

The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor - (Ευρωπαϊκό) Ελεγκτικό Συνέδριο. the then observed trend wealthy people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes and thus old residents areof Πέραν αυτών Οργάνωνsometimes «συλλειτουργούν» διάφοροι London, upgrade them,των stay themselves there and thusκαι old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. Οργανισμοί, όπως: being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth Ευρωπαϊκή και Επιτροπή.

A-description ofperiod, thisΚοινωνική phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major Επιτροπή των Περιφερειών.

GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers.

-inΕυρωπαϊκή Κεντρική Τράπεζα Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more Since then, the issue has preoccupied several below, scholars andthe for various its more - Ευρωπαϊκή Τράπεζαare Επενδύσεων. comprehensive approach being summarized from comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various - Ευρωπαίος interpretations of theΔιαμεσολαβητής. phenomenon of gentrification, the following: interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: Ευρωπαίος Επόπτης Προστασίας Δεδομένων, κ.ά.

In a- sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons:αναφορά high costsπερί in money Εκ των Οργάνων αυτών εδώ γίνεται συνοπτική του and time to travel purlieus toσε downtown, is, lack ofτου the Δικαστηρίου τηςfrom Ε.Ε., the εξικνουμένη στοιχεία where της ενwork γένειplace λειτουργίας 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, καθώς και στατιστικά δεδομένα των δραστηριοτήτων του κατά το Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) παρελθόν έτος 2018.

Youth Unemployment.

The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access markets, etc.where studies research in το Geneva, Prague, London and Newαπό York τα she came back to London, Ωςandγνωστόν, Δικαστήριο είναι ένα επτάto κύρια Θεσμικά in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and Όργανα Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης, με βασική αποστολή τηνHer διαφύλαξη της Universityτης College of London, where she continued her social research. public and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers ofaction buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit.

Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: 15 Βλ. αναφερθείσα ήδη Υπόθεση 26/62, Van GENT and LOSS, Συλλογή 1954 - 1964, G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually σ. 861.

2521 911

E¶.A¶.

A¶.TO¶.

TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP.AN. AN./ R.DEC. / R.DEC.ADM. ADM.LOC. LOC.DEV. DEV.REG. REG./ R. / R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC.GOV. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. DEV. E¶.

GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Types of intervention, τήρησηςDefinition, του Concerns Δικαίου της Ένωσης καθεστώς κοινώς παραδεκτής υπό ofυπό Gentrification πάντων ερμηνείας και εκτέλεσης εν τοις πράγμασι των Συνθηκών, Concerns ιδρυτικών και μεταγενεστέρων, καθώς και του παραγώγου Δικαίου.

Συγκροτείται υπό δύο επί μέρους δικαιοδοτικών Οργάνων, το Δικαστήριο ως ανώτατο Δικαστήριο της Ευρωπαϊκής Δικαιοδοσίας

By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS (άρθρο 253 της Συνθήκης Λειτουργίας της Ε.Ε.) και το Γενικό Δικαστήριο Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student,

By Mr. της Ευρωπαϊκής Ενωσης (άρθρο 254 τηςGeorge-Sp. Σ.Λ.Ε.Ε.) C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect of the School of Architecture Επί σκοπώ μείωσης του φόρτου Student εργασίας των αναφερθέντων Technical University of Crete Δικαιοδοτικών Οργάνων το Συμβούλιο της Ε.Ε. το έτος 2004 συνέστησε και1.το Δικαστήριοapproach: ΔημόσιαςDefining Διοίκησης Ε.Ε. (άρθρο 257 της Σ.Λ.Ε.Ε.) το Introductory theτης concept οποίο όμως κατηργήθη το Σεπτέμβριο 2016 1. Introductory approach: the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, Στο Δικαστήριο της Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης (444 υπηρετούν Δικαστές ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 37028BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the και 11 Γενικοί Εισαγγελείς, διοριζόμενοι κοινή συναινέσει among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. των Κυβερνήσεων των Κρατών Μελών γιαindefinition περίοδο ετών. acquisition of knowledge starts with the of the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, ifέξη not final, approach, the term 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on το this “principle” inindicated a first,σύγκειται if (in notthe final, approach, the term Εκ παραλλήλου, Γενικό Δικαστήριο εκ 44Planning) Δικαστών, gentrification) is area of (or gentrification 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification εκάστου Κράτους Μέλους δυναμένου να αποστείλει τουλάχιστον έναν Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Sociology as περίοδο well), as the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement Δικαστή για έξη ετών. ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of Στο Δικαστήριο υπηρετούν 2.217 Διοικητικοί Υπάλληλοι (μόνιμοι the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.

However this “change”, regardless whatever consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof και μη), εκother των οποίων 1.345 γυναίκες. whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative Όπως προσφυώς έχει τονισθεί το Δικαστήριο μέσω της ορθής, potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at first in the UKδιαφάνειας in early 1960sαπονομής and it refers to σαφούς, αποτελεσματικής και υπό καθεστώς της The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor δικαιοσύνης συμβάλλει στην εμπέδωση τηςtoεμπιστοσύνης των πολιτών, the then observed trend wealthy people buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof περιλαμβανομένων Υπευθύνων χάραξης πολιτικών, Στελεχών διαφόρων London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. Οντοτήτων Δημοσίας και Ιδιωτικής υφής, Εργαζομένων, Οικονομικώς being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth Δρώντων, Καταναλωτών (καιsimilar Υπηκόων Τρίτων του A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the Κρατών), work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while recorded inέναντι other major Ευρωπαϊκού Οικοδομήματος, εγχειρήματος μοναδικού από συστάσεως GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers.

16. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Κοινωνικών Δομών, ιδιοτύπου καιResearchers. εν ταυτώ λειτουργικού Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for various its more Όλα αυτά approach βεβαίως με παραλλήλου στόχευση διαφύλαξη ως comprehensive areεκbeing summarized below,την from the comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various κόρην οφθαλμού των θεμελιωδών εγγενών μη, της Ευρωπαϊκής interpretations of the phenomenon of αξιών, gentrification, theκαι following: interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: ένωσης, μεταξύ των οποίωνis προεξάρχουσα κατέχουν εκείνες του In a sense, theof phenomenon dueof togentrification, a trend of aθέση new of social groups to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money σεβασμού της Ανθρώπινης Αξιοπρέπειας. and time travelμε from to downtown, where work place is, lack of the Εν to σχέσει τα the είδηpurlieus διαδικασιών σημειώνονται τα εξής: The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.of safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Δικαστήριο της Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης: Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services ofπεριπτώσει health, education, entertainment “at the heart of theΕπιτροπή city”,movements (possibly) παραβάσεων Κράτους κατάfor YouthΕν Unemployment.

The same year she υπό left Germany andΜέλους: after continuous lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc.where studies andάρθρο research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back to London, Κράτους, 258, Σ.Λ.Ε.Ε. in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, ofaction buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit.

Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: 16 Βλ. άλλα στοιχεία σε: Court of Justice of the European Union, A.R., Luxembourg, G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

10

2019, p. 5

2521 11

E¶.A¶.

A¶.TO¶.

TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP.AN. AN./ R.DEC. / R.DEC.ADM. ADM.LOC. LOC.DEV. DEV.REG. REG./ R. / R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC.GOV. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. DEV. E¶.

GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, Εν περιπτώσει υποβολής ConcernsTypes of Gentrification προσφυγής ακύρωσης ή προσφυγής Concerns λόγω παράλειψης ενεργείας υπό

θεσμικού Οργάνου της Ε.Ε. ή κατά Κράτους ΜέλουςC. ATHANASOPOULOS λόγω παράνομης By Mr. George-Sp. πράξηςGraduate ή παράλειψης, και Harvard University, School ofάρθρα Design,263 Student, By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS 265 Σ.Λ.Ε.Ε.

Architect Student ofενδίκων the Schoolμέσων of Architecture Εκδίκαση κατά Technical University of Crete αποφάσεων του Γενικού Δικαστηρίου, άρθρο 256 Σ.Λ.Ε.Ε.

1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept Αμφότερα τα - 370Δικαιοδοτικά 1. Introductory approach: the concept (444 BC ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, BC, Athens), Όργανα έχουν (444 διαχειρισθεί κατά το ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the έτος 2018, 1.683 νέες υποθέσεις, ενώ η among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the μέση διάρκεια των διαδικασιών acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts.

Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” inindicated a first, notthe final, approach, the15,7 term ανέρχεται σεif18μήνες, (Δικαστήριο gentrification) is (in area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Γενικό Δικαστήριο μήνες).

Sociology as well), as the “refining” of μήνες, a city area, the removal from20 this, (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityΤα area, the from this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and theremoval placement there εισαγωγικά δικόγραφα είναι ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, of δυνατόν να υποβληθούν σε regardless οία δήποτε the operation ofconsequences art galleries, restaurants, etc.also However regardless whatever other has, results risingthis of “change”, land prices (and theof επίσημη γλώσσα της Ένωσης. whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative Έτσι, επί 24 επισήμων γλωσσών potential relative speculation).

The term gentrification is found at οι first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to πιθανοί γλωσσικοί συνδυασμοί κατά The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor τιςpeople διαδικασίες 552! the then observed trend wealthy to there buyανέρχονται property inσε poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes and thus old residents areof Η Μεταφραστική Υπηρεσία London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. περιλαμβάνει 606 Μεταφραστές being indirectly “squeezed”.

A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth διαθέτοντες νομική παιδεία, A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major κατανεμημένους σε 23 γλωσσικά GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. τμήματα, εδρεύοντα στοand Λουξεμβούργο.

Since then, the issue has several scholars for its more Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars andthe for various its2018 more Κατά το below, διαρρώσαν έτος comprehensive approach are being summarized from comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various 721 συζητήσεις interpretations of the phenomenon ofπραγματοποιήθηκαν gentrification, the following: interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups επ΄ακροατηρίω, υποστηριχθείσες to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money γλωσσικώς υπό 71 Διερμηνέων. and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, work place is, lack Τέλος,where σημειώνεται, ότιof the η termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940.

Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, λειτουργία του Δικαστηρίου διέπεται Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment the heartτων of the city”,movements (possibly) τις“at διατάξεις άρθρων 251 έωςfor Youth Unemployment. The same year sheαπό left Germany and after continuous lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and των New York she came back to London, και 281 Ενοποιημένων Συνθηκών / in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and ΣυνθήκηherΛειτουργίας Ε.Ε. και του University informal College of London, where she continued social research.της Her public and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers ofaction buying her work are characterized by a passion forυπ΄αριθμ. justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. 3 Πρωτοκόλλου περί του and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009.

WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: Οργανισμού του Δικαστηρίου της Ε.Ε.

G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually

252111 11