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Τοις Εντευξομένοις GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Ή Definition, Types of intervention, Concerns of Gentrification Περί της αρχής της διαφάνειας στην δράση της Δημόσιας Διοίκησης και το Πρόγραμμα ΔΙΑΥΓΕΙΑ Concerns Του Κωνστ. ΓΕ. ΑΘΑΝΑΣΟΠΟΥΛΟΥ
By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Καθηγητού Νομικής Σχολής Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, και Μεταπτ. Προγραμμάτων By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Πανεπιστημίου ΝΕΑΠΟΛΙΣ, Πάφος, Student of the School of Architecture Καθηγητού Προγρ. Σπ. Πανεπ. Αθηνών, Technical University of Crete
Ομοτ. Καθηγητού ΠΑΝΤΕΙΟΥ Π.Κ.Π.Ε., 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept Ex Ch. L. U. L., Bruxelles, 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept Int.BC, I.I.A.P., Paris ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BCEx - 370 Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC 370 BC, Athens), Δικηγόρου, among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great “principle”: the among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established aΚατόχου greatof“principle”: the Τιμητ. Διακρ. acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts. LE PRIX EUROPEEN DES 12 ETOILES Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Γενική προσέγγιση Sociology asκοινός well), asτόπος, the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this,Διοίκηση (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually andthe theremoval placement of Είναι ότιofηlow-income αρτίως λειτουργούσα Δημόσια ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, etc.ύπαρξη, Howeverόχι this μόνον “change”, regardless of συνιστά condicio sine quarestaurants, non για την αυτού τούτου the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the του κρατικού μορφώματος, αλλά και για την εν γένει κοινωνική συνοχή, με whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative speculation). όσα αυτή προϋποθέτει και συνεφέλκεται, οικονομική ανάπτυξη και potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to πολιτιστική ανέλιξη ενός Λαού. The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor Εξ άλλης πλευράς, συνιστά παράμετρο εύρυθμης λειτουργίας the then observed trend wealthyκαι people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes and thus old residents areof ενός σύγχρονου δημοκρατικού την πρόσθετη London, upgrade them, stay themselvesκαθεστώτος, sometimes thereυπό and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. 1 τηρούσα χρηστές προϋπόθεση, ότι λειτουργεί εντός Κράτους Δικαίου being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth 2, (με συνήθη αρχές, αποδεσμευμένη παθογενειών γραφειοκρατίας A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar inτην other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more Since then, the issue has preoccupied scholars andthe for its more comprehensive approach being summarized below, from 1 Κατά τον Fried. HAYEK οare όρος υποδηλεί, ότιseveral μία Κυβέρνηση δεσμεύεται σεvarious όλες τις comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various ενέργειές της από κανόνες, οι οποίοι of έχουν θεσμοθετηθεί δημοσιοποιηθεί εκ των interpretations of the phenomenon gentrification, theκαι following: προτέρων... Βλ. the Fried. HAYEK: The road to serfdom.London, 54. interpretations of the phenomenon of thep. following: In a sense, phenomenon is due togentrification, a trend of a1944, new category of social groups 2 Κατά τον Max WEBER η έννοια της γραφειοκρατείας «συμποσούται» σε επτά to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money «αρχές»: Ηto εργασία με to συνεχή και αδιάλειπτο and time travelπραγματοποιείται from the purlieus downtown, whereτρόπο. work place is, lack of the The Τηρούνται οι ισχύοντες κανόνες νομοθεσίας. termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.of safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Οι ευθύνες και ηher εξουσία ενός εκάστου αξιωματούχου αποτελούν μέροςstudy καθέτου και Berlin, where she made first studies. In 1932 she published an important entitled: services ofωργανωμένης health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) ιεραρχικώς εξουσίας. Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for and Οι διαχειριστές πόρων λογοδοτούν για την τους.she lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private car access markets, etc.where studies research Geneva, Prague, London andχρήση Neweasier York came to back to London, Υπάρχει διαχωρισμός μεταξύ παρεχομένης εργασίας και in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the toσαφής another approach, the isυπηρεσιακώς due a systematic and εισοδήματος του κατέχοντος αξίωμα. University College of London, where she continued her social research. Her public action and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying Οare θέσεις άσκησης εξουσίας δενfor ανήκουν jure στους περιστασιακούς κατόχους her work characterized by a passion justice.ipso See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in τους. 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: Οι παρεχόμενες υπηρεσίες πραγματοποιούνται βάσει εγγράφων. Βλ. Max WEBER: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually Οικονομία και Κοινωνία (Μετάφρ.). Αθήνα, 1992, 2005, σ. 110. Εκ των επικριτών αυτής της
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
έννοια του όρου) και τείνουσα να είναι ανοικτή, αποτελεσματική και ανεξάρτητη, όπως αναφέρεται και στο άρθρο 298 των Ενοποιημένων Συνθηκών της Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης. Συναφής προς τα ανωτέρω είναι και η προσέγγιση του Χάρτη Θεμελιωδών Δικαιωμάτων της Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης (άρθρα 41, 42): Κάθε Άνθρωπος έχει δικαίωμα να απαιτεί αμερόληπτη, δίκαιη και εντός ευλόγου προθεσμίας εξέταση υποθέσεώνC.του από τα θεσμικά By των Mr. George-Sp. ATHANASOPOULOS και λοιπά Όργανα και τους Οργανισμούς Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης. Harvard University,της Graduate School of Design, Student, By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Το δικαίωμα αυτό περιλαμβάνει ιδίως: Architect Student of the School of Architecture Α. Το δικαίωμα κάθε Προσώπου σε προηγούμενη ακρόαση πριν να Technical University of Crete ληφθεί ατομικό μέτρο εις βάρος του. Β. Το δικαίωμα κάθεDefining Προσώπου να έχει πρόσβαση στον φάκελλό 1. Introductory approach: the concept του, τηρουμένων των νομίμων συμφερόντων της εμπιστευτικότητας και 1. Introductory approach: the concept ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), του ANTISTHENIS, επαγγελματικού καιancient επιχειρηματικού απορρήτου. the Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the Γ. Την υποχρέωση της Διοίκησης να αιτιολογεί τις αποφάσεις της. the among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. Κάθε Πρόσωπο μπορεί να απευθύνεται στα θεσμικά της acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content ofΌργανα concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 Based, on “principle” inΣυνθηκών a first, if (in not final, approach, the term Ένωσης σεtherefore, μία από τιςthis γλώσσες τωνis και πρέπει λαμβάνει (and urban gentrification) indicated the area of να Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification απάντηση ίδια γλώσσα (άρθρο 41).area, the removal from this, (in various Sociology asστην well), as the “refining” of a city Sociology asΠολίτης well), as the “refining” of aκαθώς city area, the fromthere this,ήof (inνομικό various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and theremoval placement artists, Κάθε της Ένωσης και κάθε φυσικό ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, etc. However έδρα this “change”, regardless of Πρόσωπο, που κατοικεί ή restaurants, έχει την καταστατική του σε ένα Κράτος the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, στα results also rising land prices theof Μέλος έχει δικαίωμα πρόσβασης έγγραφα των of θεσμικών και(and λοιπών whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative Οργάνων και Οργανισμών της Ένωσης, ανεξαρτήτως θέματος, (άρθρο 42). potential relative speculation). TheΕίναι term gentrification found at first in the UK«αρχές» in early 1960s and it refers to αυτονόητο, is ότι οι αναφερθείσες λειτουργίας μίας The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to the then observed trend of to buy property in poor areas of , (Μονομελών Δημόσιας Διοίκησηςtrend «υλοποιούνται» διά των της3in the then observed wealthy sometimes people to Οργάνων buy property poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves there and thus old residents areof ήLondon, Συλλογικών αδιακρίτως), τα οποίαsometimes προφανώς πρέπει να old διακρίνονται upgrade them, stay themselves there and thus residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. για την ακεραιότητα του ήθους, την αντικειμενικότητα, τον προσήκοντα being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth σεβασμό προς τον Διοικούμενο Πολίτη και,inwere βεβαίως, διαφάνεια A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included the recorded work ofτην Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major δράσης τους. GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more Since then, the issue has several below, scholars andthe for various its more Διαφάνεια:approach αναγκαιότητα ή ουτοπία; comprehensive arepreoccupied being summarized from comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various Υπό έποψη συνάρτησης του όρου διαφάνεια με δράση Οργάνων εν interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: interpretations the(ανεξαρτήτως phenomenon gentrification, the following: In aτου sense, theof phenomenon is dueof to a trend a new category of groups γένει Κράτους, εάν αυτάof είναι Μονομελή ή social Συλλογικά), to to the city, leaving the purlieus for severalυποδηλώνεται reasons: high costs money σε“return” μία πρώτη, εάν όχι και οριστική προσέγγιση, (όχιinμόνον) and time to travel from the purlieus downtown, where place is, Οργάνων, lack of the η δημοσιοποίηση ενεργειών καιto αποφάσεων τωνwork Κρατικών 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter sense safety the distributed outside town centres, αλλά και η δυνατότητα τουresidencies Διοικουμένου να έχει πρόσβαση σταborn οίαin Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at heart of theαποφάσεων, city”,movements (possibly) δήποτε στοιχεία αξιοποίησε τοshe Όργανο γιαthe την έκδοση οιfor Youth Unemployment. The same year left Germany and after continuous lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, ofaction buying her work areκυριότερος characterized by a passion forCROZIER, justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. προσέγγισης ο Mich. οι θέσεις του οποίου καταγράφονται and selling real estate,θεωρείται etc., for the depreciation initially of part of the urban web,στο in 10th edit. Wil. COLLINS SONS AND Co Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: έργο του: The Bureaucratic Phenomenon. London, 1974. G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety ways, order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually 3 Βλ.ofΚωνστ. ΓΕ.inΑΘΑΝΑΣΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ: Διοικητικό Δίκαιο. Νέα έκδ. Αθήναι, 2014, σ. 81
4
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
οποίες ευθέως ή εμμέσως συνάπτονται με δικαιώματα ή έννομα συμφέροντά του.4 Κατά την ορθότερη προσέγγιση στην προκειμένη περίπτωση η ατομική διοικητική πράξη πρέπει να είναι ευχερώς προσβάσιμη5, (όχι μόνον από εκείνον στον οποίο αφορά ευθέως), αλλά, πλην των περιπτώσεων δημοσίου συμφέροντος, και από τρίτους ενδιαφερομένους. Εξ άλλης πλευράς, επιβάλλεται δημοσιότητα των κανονιστικών By Mr.η George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS διοικητικών πράξεων, οιHarvard οποίες University, ως εκ της Graduate φύσεώς School τους αφορούν σεStudent, άτομα of Design, By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS μη γνωστά εκ των προτέρων. Architect of the School of Architecture Δημόσιας Διοίκησης αποτελεί Η δημοσιότητα 6 της δράσης της Student Technical University of Crete εγγύηση για την τήρηση του Δημοκρατικού Πολιτεύματος, δεδομένου, ότι 7 του Κράτους Συνταγματικές οι 1.διέπουσες την δράση των Οργάνων Introductory approach: Defining the concept διατάξεις, επιβάλλουν την διαφάνεια κατά την δράση τους. 1. Introductory approach: the concept ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the Διαφάνεια: Συνταγματικές και Νομοθετικές ρυθμίσεις among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the Ο όρος διαφάνεια σε with επίπεδο δικαίου, και μάλιστα acquisition of knowledge starts theindefinition the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a κανόνων first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” inindicated a first,πρακτική if (in notthe final, approach, theστο term Συντάγματος, απαντάται στην ελληνική το (and urban gentrification) is area ofπρώτον Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Σύνταγμα έτους 2001, (αναθεώρηση), άρθρο 14, παρ. 9: this, (in various Sociology asτου well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from Sociology as well), as the “refining” ofηa city area, fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement Το ιδιοκτησιακό καθεστώς, οικονομική κατάσταση και τα μέσα ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However thisνα “change”, regardless of χρηματοδότησης των μέσων ενημέρωσης πρέπει γίνωνται γνωστά, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof όπως νόμος ορίζει. whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative Νόμος προβλέπει τα μέτρα και τους περιορισμούς, που είναι potential relative speculation). The termγια gentrification found at firstτης in the UK in early 1960s it refers to αναγκαίοι την πλήρηisδιασφάλιση διαφάνειας και τηςand πολυφωνίας The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor στην ενημέρωση. the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old residents areof Άλλα συνταγματικά ερείσματα απαντώνται στις των London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thusδιατάξεις old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. Α και 10 παρ. 3 του ισχύοντος Συντάγματος: άρθρων 5 being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth AΆρθρο description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the5Α: same while similar in other major Καθένας έχει δικαίωμα στην πληροφόρηση, όπως νόμος ορίζει. GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Περιορισμοί δικαίωμα αυτό είναι δυνατόν να επιβληθούν νόμο Since then,στο the issue has several scholars and for με its more Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more μόνο εφ’ όσον είναι απολύτως αναγκαίοι και δικαιολογούνται για various λόγους comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various εθνικής ασφάλειας, καταπολέμησης του εγκλήματος ή προστασίας interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: interpretations of the phenomenon of thecategory following: In a sense, the phenomenon is due togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups δικαιωμάτων και συμφερόντων τρίτων. to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS wasbetter born in sense1.of safety the distributed residencies outside centres, 4 Βλ. και Δ. ΠΑΠΑΔΗΜΗΤΡΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ: Διαφάνεια τηςtown Διοικητικής Δράσης: Τοfor δικαίωμα Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, εγγράφων education, “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) γνώσης διοικητικών (Ν.entertainment 1599/1986). Διοικητική Αθήνα, 1/1996,for Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany andΜεταρρύθμιση. after continuous movements σ.48. lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back to London, 5 Βλ. ΓΕ. ΑΘΑΝΑΣΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ: Ενθ΄αν., σ. 247 επόμ. in According 1943 sheΚωνστ. published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and 6 Βλ.College Κωνστ.of ΓΕ. ΑΘΑΝΑΣΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ: Η Δημοσιότητα. Α' εκδ. Her 1998, Ι', 2010. Π. University London, where she continued her social research. public action and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying ΚΟΡΝΟΥΤΟΣ: συμμετοχή του Διοικητική Διαδικασία. Αρχείο Νομολογίας, ΝΕ. her work areΗ characterized by aΠολίτη passionστην for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling real estate, etc., for the depreciation initially of partάρθρο of the web, in Αθήναι, 2004, σ.COLLINS 50. Βλ. ακόμη και την πρόβλεψη του Ν. 3861/2010, 7,urban για ελεύθερη 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Co Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: Πολιτών κείμενα Εφημερίδας της Κυβέρνησης. Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: Abstract. http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm aπρόσβαση variety των of ways, inστα order to της achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually 7 Βλ. Κωνστ. ΓΕ. ΑΘΑΝΑΣΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ: Ενθ’ αν., σ. 75 επόμ.
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Άρθρο 10, παρ. 3: Η αρμοδία Υπηρεσία ή Αρχή υποχρεούται να απαντά στα αιτήματα για παροχή πληροφοριών και χορήγηση εγγράφων, ιδίως πιστοποιητικών, δικαιολογητικών και βεβαιώσεων μέσα σε ορισμένη προθεσμία, όχι μεγαλύτερη των 60 ημερών, όπως νόμος ορίζει. Σε περίπτωση παρόδου άπρακτης της προθεσμίας αυτής ή παράνομης άρνησης, πέραν των άλλων τυχόν κυρώσεων και έννομων By συνεπειών, καταβάλλεται και ειδική Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS χρηματική ικανοποίηση Harvard στον αιτούντα, όπως νόμοςSchool ορίζει.of Design, Student, University, Graduate By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Τα συνταγματικά «ερείσματα» της έννοιας «διαφάνεια» Architect Student the School Architecture κατοχύρωσαν μεταγενέστερα νομοθετήματα κατάofτρόπο (κατάofτο μάλλον Technical University of Crete και ήττον) επαρκή: Ν. 1599/1986, Ν. 1943/1991, Ν. 2472/1997, Ν. 2690/1999, Ν. 3861/2010 (Πρόγραμμα ΔΙΑΥΓΕΙΑ). 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept εκ των «προδρόμων» ρυθμίσεων, (σε σχέση με το 1. Ενδεικτικώς Introductory approach: the concept ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), Πρόγραμμα τα εξής: ANTISTHENIS, theαναφέρονται ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among otherΔΙΑΥΓΕΙΑ) wise heritage he left us, he established a great the Ρυθμίσεις του Ν. 1943/1991, άρθρο 6: among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the Με therefore, σκοπό τη διαφάνεια τηςindefinition της Διοίκησης, οι acquisition of knowledge starts with the the content of concepts. Based, on this “principle” aδράσης first, if of not final, approach, theκατά term 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” inindicated a first, if (in not final, approach, term περίπτωση αρμόδιοι Φορείς του Δημόσιου Τομέα υποχρεούνται να the δίνουν (and urban gentrification) is the area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification στη δημοσιότητα των ενεργειών τους, ιδίως για τους Sociology as well), asστοιχεία the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this,κατωτέρω (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the from this, of (inartists, various ways), ofπαροχής social groups, usually of Οικοδομικές low-income and theremoval placement there τομείς υπηρεσιών: Α. άδειες, πράξεις τακτοποίησης, ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of διαδικασία αυθαίρετων κατασκευών, σημειακές χωροθετήσεις. Β. the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has,Δ.results also rising of land prices (and theof Στεγαστικά δάνεια. Γ. Συντάξεις. Τηλεφωνικές συνδέσεις, συνδρομητικά whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative κέντρα, κ.ά. potential relative speculation). TheΡυθμίσεις term gentrification is found at first in the του Ν. 2472/1997, άρθρο 12:UK in early 1960s and it refers to The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy in poor 1. observed Καθένας έχει δικαίωμα ναpeople γνωρίζει εάνproperty δεδομένα the then trend wealthy to there buy property inπροσωπικού poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes and thus old residents areof χαρακτήρα, που them, τον stay αφορούν αποτελούν αποτέλεσαν αντικείμενο London, upgrade themselves sometimesήthere and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. επεξεργασίας. τούτο, Ο Υπεύθυνος επεξεργασίας, έχει υποχρέωση να being indirectlyΠρος “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth του A απαντήσει εγγράφως. description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major 2. Τ Ο Υποκείμενο των δεδομένων έχει δικαίωμα να ζητεί και να GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. λαμβάνει από τον Υπεύθυνο επεξεργασίας, χωρίς καθυστέρηση και κατά Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more Since then, και the issue has preoccupied several below, scholars andthe for various its more τρόπο εύληπτο σαφή, τις πληροφορίες: comprehensive approach areακόλουθες being summarized from comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various α. Όλα of ταtheδεδομένα προσωπικού χαρακτήρα που το αφορούν, interpretations phenomenon of gentrification, the following: interpretations of the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theπροέλευσή phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups καθώς και την τους. to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for τους several reasons: high costs in money β. Τους σκοπούς της επεξεργασίας, αποδέκτες ή τις κατηγορίες and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the αποδεκτών. The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter sense1.of safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, γ. Την εξέλιξη της επεξεργασίας για το1912-1940. χρονικό διάστημα απόborn τηνin Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) προηγούμενη ενημέρωση ή entertainment πληροφόρησή του. Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access markets, etc.where studies research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came to back δικαίωμα δ.and Την λογική της αυτοματοποιημένης επεξεργασίας. ΤtoΟLondon, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and πρόσβασης μπορεί να ασκείται από το Υποκείμενο των δεδομένων και με University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. Her public and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers ofaction buying her συνδρομή work are characterized την ειδικού. by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: ε. Κατά περίπτωση, την διόρθωση, την διαγραφή ή την δέσμευση G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually (κλείδωμα) των δεδομένων, των οποίων η επεξεργασία δεν είναι σύμφωνη
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
προς τις διατάξεις του παρόντος νόμου, ιδίως λόγω του ελλειπούς ή ανακριβούς χαρακτήρα των δεδομένων. Ρυθμίσεις του Ν. 2690/1999, άρθρο 4: Οι Διοικητικές Αρχές οφείλουν τη αιτήσει του Ενδιαφερομένου να χορηγούν αμέσως πιστοποιητικά και βεβαιώσεις (το αργότερο εντός δέκα ημερών...). Διαδικασία ανάρτησης By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Προβλέπεται εν συνδυασμώ υπό των άρθρων 2 παρ. 4 και 6Student, του Ν. Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS 3861/2010. Architect Student δεν of the School of Architecture Η εισαγόμενη διαδικασία ανάρτησης συνεπάγεται την Technical University of Crete υποχρεωτική σύσταση νέων υπηρεσιακών Μονάδων, ενώ η παράλειψη της1.ανάρτησης στο Διαδίκτυο, (ότανthe αυτή προβλέπεται), συνιστά για τον Introductory approach: Defining concept υπόχρεο προς ανάρτηση πειθαρχικό παράπτωμα, άρθρο 107 του Ν. 1. Introductory approach: the concept (444 BC ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, - 370 BC, Athens), 3528/2007 άρθρο τουleft Ν. 3584/2007. ANTISTHENIS, the111 ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among otherκαι wise heritage he us, he established(444 a great the Τέλος, σημειώνεται, ότι προβλέπεται (Ν. 3861/2010) και η σύσταση, among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. (υπό προϋποθέσεις) Διοίκησης Έργου, εχουσών ως acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of αντικείμενο concepts. Based, therefore, onΟμάδων this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 (andδιαδικαστική therefore, on this “principle” inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term την Based, οργανωτική, και τεχνική διαχείριση των αναρτήσεων σε urban gentrification) is area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification επί μέρους Sociology asΥπηρεσίες. well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of Το Πρόγραμμα ΔΙΑΥΓΕΙΑ the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof Με other το πρόγραμμα ΔΙΑΥΓΕΙΑ, το οποίο διαχειρίζεται το Υπουργείο whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative Διοικητικής Μεταρρύθμισης και Ηλεκτρονικής Διακυβέρνησης, potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the in early 1960s andόλων it refers to θεσμοθετείται το πρώτον η υποχρέωση κατ’UK αρχάς ανάρτησης των The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor πράξεων των Οργάνων της wealthy Κυβέρνησης καιtoτης Διοίκησης στοof the then observed trend people buyΔημόσιας property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are Διαδίκτυο, με τηνthem, επιφύλαξη ειδικής διαχείρισης θεμάτων Εθνικής Άμυνας London, upgrade stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. και Ασφαλείας και θεμάτων απτομένων των λεγομένων «ευαίσθητων» being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth προσωπικών δεδομένων. A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major Εξυπακούεται, ότι η ανάρτηση στο Διαδίκτυο, σκοπούσα στην GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied otherτης Researchers. μέγιστη δυνατή δημοσιότητα ενέργειας, δεν υποκαθιστά Since then, the issue has several scholars and for itsτυχόν more Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars andthe for various its more προβλεπόμενη δημοσίευσή τηςbeing στην Εφημερίδα της Κυβέρνησης. comprehensive approach are summarized below, from comprehensive approach are being summarized from the various Αντικείμενο ανάρτησης interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thebelow, following: interpretations theαναρτώνται phenomenon of thecategory following: In aΣτο sense, theof phenomenon is due(ενδεικτική togentrification, a trend ofαναφορά): a new of social groups Διαδίκτυο to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money Νόμοι. and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the Πράξεις νομοθετικού περιεχομένου. The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.of safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Προεδρικά Διατάγματα κανονιστικού χαρακτήρα. Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heartγια of the city”,movements (possibly)for εγκύκλιοι την εφαρμογή YouthΕρμηνευτικές Unemployment. Theεγκύκλιοι same year sheκαι left Germany and after continuous lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back to London, νομοθεσίας. in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and Πράξεις διορισμού Μονομελών Οργάνων κ.ά. research. Her public action and University College of London, where she continued her social long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH Σημειώνεται, ότι by η υποχρεωτική ανάρτηση αποφάσεων καιDICTIONARY. πράξεων and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: (όπου αυτή προβλέπεται) , δεν υποκαθιστά την δημοσίευση, των Υπηρεσιών, G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Student of the School of Architecture Technical University of Crete (όπου αυτή απαιτείται), στην Εφημερίδα
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της1. Introductory Κυβέρνησης,approach: (άρθρα Defining 2 και 3 the τουconcept Ν. 3861/2010). 1. Introductory approach: the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, Μη αναρτώμενες πράξεις ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the Κατά την διαδικασία ανάρτησης among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the λαμβάνονται υπ'όψει οι ρυθμίσεις acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a του first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 Based, 2therefore, on “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term άρθρου του urban Ν. this 2472/1997 περί (and gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification προστασίας προσωπικών δεδομένων, Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement (φυλετική προέλευση, πολιτικά φρονήματα ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of κ.ά.) και of απορρήτων πληροφοριών, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences results also rising of land prices (and theof (κρατικών, εταιρειών, has, πνευματικής whatever otherspeculation). results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative ιδιοκτησίας κ.ά.),consequences ενώ ισχύει ο has, αποκλεισμός potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in τον the UK in early 1960s and it refers to πρόσβασης σε διοικητικά έγγραφα The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor οποίο προβλέπει το άρθροwealthy 5 του people Κώδικα the then observed trend to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes and thus old residents areof Διοικητικής Διαδικασίας. London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. Ισχύς αναρτώμενων στο Διαδίκτυο being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth Πράξεων A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major Η ισχύς των αναρτώμενων στο GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, byυποχρέων other Researchers. Διαδίκτυο πράξεων των προς Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more Since then, the issue has preoccupied several below, scholars andthe for various its more τούτο Οργάνωνapproach και Υπηρεσιών ρυθμίζεται comprehensive are being summarized from comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various υπό του άρθρου 4 του Ν. 3861/2010, interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of social groups προβλεπομένης αδυναμίας εκτέλεσής τουςof a new to to the city, leaving the purlieus reasons: high costs in money σε“return” περίπτωση επιβαλλόμενης καιfor several μη and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the πραγματοποιούμενης ανάρτησης. The termat comes from Sociologist GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.of safety the distributed outside town centres, Εάν παραλλήλως προς residencies τηνRuth ανάρτηση Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) επιβάλλεται και education, δημοσίευση των πράξεων Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car access markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London andως Neweasier York she came to back to London, στην Εφημερίδα της Κυβέρνησης, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and ημερομηνία έναρξης της where ισχύος University informal College of London, sheλαμβάνεται continued her social research. brokers Her public and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, ofaction buying her work are η characterized by a passion justice. See συνήθως δημοσίευση σε for αυτήν, μη also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: επηρεαζόμενη από τον χρόνο (ενδεχομένως G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually διαφορετικό) ανάρτησης.
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