Good Governance , Concept & Context

Page 157

132

The Principle of Participation

increasingly expressing the party’s standpoint rather than their own. Third, a minority does not always get what it deserves due to dominant majorities. People sometimes speak of ‘legitimacy erosion’, which is explained as a gradual, but fundamental deterioration of the legitimacy of the performance of public administration. Legitimacy refers to the competence of the public administration or representatives to govern.16 Recent research has been conducted to map out the perceived legitimacy of acts associated with the Dutch Ministry of Justice.17 In studying these, the researchers considered it important to first assess issues related to the perceived legitimacy of formal institutions, legal officials, and rules and regulations. In addition, three dimensions of legitimacy were established, which subsequently define legitimacy as: (1) trust; (2) satisfaction; and (3) acceptance.18 According to the study, empirical data does not suggest large-​scale erosion but legitimacy is practically affected. Legitimacy of performance is not self-​evident, but more often disputed. It should be noted, however, that a relatively small amount of empirical data is available, especially in the social science literature. Finally, the research showed that familiarity among the citizens with certain parts of the judicial authorities is relatively high, while familiarity with other parts is particularly low. It can be expected that participation leads to more trust, more satisfaction, and more acceptance on the part of the citizens. As a result, the legitimacy of the public administration performance increases. People generally agree that it is sensible to bring the exercise of power as close as possible to the citizens. One way of achieving this involves decentralization in either functional or territorial terms. Territorially decentralized authorities are municipalities and provinces, whilst the functionally decentralized authorities are the public bodies for employment and business. We also see that governing committees have been established within municipalities and provinces with a specific task. Advantages of functional decentralization include the significant influence of stakeholders, increased expertise, and increased participation. However, territorial decentralization also offers substantial advantages as the distance between government and citizens is significantly smaller. Furthermore, public representatives can also be called to account relatively easily and in a direct manner. In short, participation—​ particularly at local and regional level19—​enables a greater influence for citizens and increases the willingness to cooperate.

3. Specification of the Concept The focus here is on four forms of participation: (1) popular initiative; (2) citizens’ panel; (3) referendum; and (4) community-​level participation. It is essential to clearly describe these four forms and the three policymaking phases: (1) the policy agenda development phase; (2) the policy development phase: and (3) the decision-​making phase.

(a)  Participation: term, motives, distinctions, and forms Participation has already been defined as active involvement of a group of individuals in a collective process. Within the context of public administration, it refers to the involvement of citizens in the actual or intended actions of administrative authorities

16 18

17 Addink and others 2000, 87–​8. Weyers and Hertogh 2007. 19 Tyler and Huo 2002. Addink 2009.


Turn static files into dynamic content formats.

Create a flipbook

Articles inside

Index

44min
pages 332-353

Bibliography

38min
pages 306-331

Governance

14min
pages 301-305

2. Part II: The Specification of the Principles of Good Governance

8min
pages 298-300

4. Conclusions

9min
pages 291-294

of Human Rights

2min
page 290

2. Good Governance in International Case Law

2min
page 289

Ombudsman

17min
pages 280-285

4. Conclusions

3min
pages 286-287

Court of Justice

30min
pages 270-279

Institutions

2min
page 269

16. Implementation of Good Governance Principles on the European Level

2min
page 268

5. Conclusions

2min
pages 266-267

South Africa

13min
pages 261-265

3. Implementation of the Good Governance Principles in Canada

21min
pages 253-260

7. Conclusions

12min
pages 220-224

2. Implementation of Good Governance in Northern Europe

2min
page 226

6. Cases about the Implementation of Good Governance Principles

5min
pages 218-219

5. Different Developments in the Practices of Different Countries

2min
page 217

2. Concept and Principles of Good Governance and Integrity

2min
page 212

Practices of Good Governance

6min
pages 214-216

the Non-EU Country Studies

1min
page 213

1. Good Governance: The Need and the Practical Relevance

2min
page 211

6. Conclusions

1min
pages 207-209

5. Sources of the Principle of Human Rights

14min
pages 201-206

3. Specification of the Concept

2min
page 198

2. The Concept of the Principle of Human Rights

2min
page 197

4. Institutions Involved

4min
pages 199-200

6. Conclusions

1min
page 195

5. Sources of the Principle of Accountability

5min
pages 193-194

2. The Concept of Accountability

5min
pages 183-184

6. Sources of the Principle of Effectiveness

5min
pages 179-180

7. Conclusions

1min
page 181

5. Institutions Involved

10min
pages 175-178

4. Specification of this Concept

2min
page 174

3. The Concept of Effectiveness

12min
pages 170-173

6. Conclusions

3min
pages 164-165

2. Development of the Principle of Effectiveness

5min
pages 168-169

3. Specification of the Concept

10min
pages 157-160

5. Sources of the Principle of Participation

5min
pages 162-163

4. Institutions Involved

2min
page 161

1. The Development of the Principle of Participation

2min
page 155

9. The Principle of Participation

2min
page 154

2. The Concept of Participation

2min
page 156

6. Conclusions

2min
pages 152-153

5. Sources of the Principle of Transparency

20min
pages 145-151

4. Institutions Involved

8min
pages 142-144

3. Specification of the Concept

7min
pages 139-141

2. The Concept of Transparency

5min
pages 137-138

2. The Concept of Properness

2min
page 125

5. Conclusions

1min
pages 121-123

3. Specification of the Concept

21min
pages 126-133

3. Democracy and Transparency

2min
page 119

4. Democracy and Participation

2min
page 120

2. Democracy: Direct and Representative

2min
page 118

6. The Role of Good Governance Related to these Developments

2min
page 114

7. Conclusions

1min
page 115

3. Rule of Law and Rechtsstaat: Specification of Differences

5min
pages 106-107

5. Difficulties and Developments of the Traditional Rule of Law

5min
pages 112-113

4. Rule of Law and Rechtsstaat: Formal and Substantial Perspectives

11min
pages 108-111

2. Different Historical Roots and Traditional Perspectives

2min
page 105

7. Conclusions

3min
pages 98-99

5. Good Governance and Integrity

18min
pages 89-95

4. The Nature of Principles in the Legal Theory

7min
pages 86-88

3. The Relationship between Law and Values

5min
pages 84-85

6. Conclusions

4min
pages 78-79

5. Good Governance on the International Level

12min
pages 73-77

2. Dworkin and Hart

8min
pages 81-83

4. Good Governance on the European Union Level

14min
pages 68-72

3. Good Governance and the Europeanization of National Law

4min
pages 66-67

2. Good Governance on the National Level in Europe

25min
pages 57-65

7. Conclusions

2min
page 49

4. Good Governance and the Main Developments

9min
pages 34-36

2. Concept of Good Governance

8min
pages 41-43

6. Conclusions

3min
pages 38-39

4. Institutions Involved within a Framework of Checks and Balances

6min
pages 45-47

Implementation of Good Governance in the United Kingdom

2min
page 31

2. Good Governance and Law

2min
page 30

5. Structure of the Three Parts of this Book

2min
page 37

3. Specification of the Principles of Good Governance

2min
page 44
Issuu converts static files into: digital portfolios, online yearbooks, online catalogs, digital photo albums and more. Sign up and create your flipbook.