Index absolute power 77, 79 abuse of power see misuse of power accountability principle 157, 275–76 and accounting 157, 159 actors 167 administrative accountability 166 auditors, inspectors and controllers 166 Australia 217 Austria 36 boards of executive directors 51 bookkeeping origins 159 broad concept of accountability 159 civil liability 162–63 collective accountability 167 Commonwealth countries 161–62 concept of accountability 158–59 broad 159 narrow 159 specification of 160 constitutional accountability of ministers 142 constitutions 162 corporate accountability 159, 167 courts 160, 162 criminal liability 162–63 and democracy 158 development 157 efficiency audit 170 elections 160–61, 165 and good governance 5 hierarchical accountability 167 horizontal accountability 158 identity of actor 167 individual accountability 168 institutions involved 160–68 interest groups, charities and other stakeholders 166 internal and external accountability 157–58 legal accountability 160, 162 and liability 162 ministers and parliament 161 narrow concept 159 Netherlands 19, 25–26 organization as actor 167 parliamentary democracy 163 peers, professional 166 political accountability 160 principle 19, 20, 157 professional 166 public accountability 157–58, 170, 275–76 regularity audit 168–69 reporting 158 representatives and political parties 164 and responsibility 161 social accountability 166 sources 168–70 South Africa 240–41 United States 159
value for money auditing 157 vertical accountability 158 voters, elections and representation 165 administration/administrative law Australia ADJR (Administrative Decisions (Judicial Review) Act) 1977 212, 213, 225 Administrative Appeals Tribunal (AAT) 211–12, 213, 214, 225 New Administrative Law Reforms (NALs) 211, 225 challenge in designing a law on good administration for the EU 42 citizens, protection against the government 141 classical approach 141 Codes of Good Administrative Behaviour see Codes of Good Administrative Behaviour, European double meaning of administration 17 effectiveness principle 142 Europe 37 general trends 12 and governance 17, 19 human rights 173 just administration and good governance, South Africa 236 linking to theory of Dworkin 57 maladministration see maladministration meaning 17 national law, Europeanization 42 Netherlands administrative courts of law 29–30, 99–100, 162, 251 authorities 28 case law vs. policy 70 democratic administration 31 development of good governance principles in administrative law 29 formal and substantial principles 30, 31 General Administrative Law Act (GALA) see under Netherlands good administration and democratic rule of law 26 judicial interpretation of principles 30 legal dimension of principles in administrative law 31 parameters of good governance applying to administrative law 28–29, 31 principles of proper administration 30–31 theoretical basis of individual principles 30 norms of good administration 20 principles of good administration human rights 173–74 vs. proper administration 19 in reports 146
