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Are there any general statutes covering whistleblowing in your jurisdiction?
Synopsys of Whistleblowing in 23 Jurisdictions
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Singapore
Slovenia
Freedom of expression
Freedom of expression
Labour law
No
Labour law
Right to equal treatment
Labour law
Labour law Criminal law
Are whistleblowers protected by the case-law in your jurisdiction?
The case-law awards a whistleblower damages only, he may not hope for reinstatement usually
Yes (few cases)
–
Yes (few cases)
–
Does your jurisdiction protect everyone or employees only?
Fundamental rights: Everyone
–
Public sector: Employees and civil servants
Special rules: Everyone (”informers”)
Special legislation: Everyone
Are self-employed persons also protected?
Possible claim to damages (unclear)
–
No provision
See above
Labour law: Yes, if economically dependent
Does your jurisdiction protect people who are helping or encouraging whistleblowers?
Yes
No
No provision
No
–
Does your jurisdiction protect persons who affirm a whistleblower’s allegations?
Yes
–
Yes
No
–
Who is protected?
Labour law: Employees
Private sector: No provision
Labour law: Employees and civil servants
What kind of behaviour is protected? Does your jurisdiction allow for anonymous whistleblowing?
Yes, but uncommon
No, but stated in one case only
No provision, but presumably yes
Yes
Special legislation: Yes
Does your jurisdiction require the whistleblower to make use of internal reporting systems before he is allowed to appeal to third parties?
No provision
No provision, possibly yes (unclear)
Public sector: No provision, but possibly yes
Public sector: Yes
Private sector: No provision, but work rules/ collective agreements may prescribe this
Private sector: No, but restrictions apply
No, but exceptions apply under special legislation for officials
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