No. 7 (244) / 2016 Polish Market

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No. 7 (244) /2016 :: www.polishmarket.com.pl

NATO SummiT iN WArSAW 17 years of PoLaND IN NaTo

NOWOCZESNA OBRONA POWIETRZNA, BY SPROSTAC ZAGROZENIOM.

PARTNERSTWO, BY SPROSTAC PRZYSZŁOSCI. W XXI wieku zmasowany atak powietrzny może nadejść z każdego kierunku. To dlatego Rozszerzony System Obrony Powietrznej Średniego Zasięgu MEADS zapewnia obronę w zakresie 360 stopni i najnowocześniejsze pociski rakietowe PAC-3 MSE, niszczące cele energią kinetyczną (hit-to-kill).

MEADS - opracowany w ramach partnerstwa pomiędzy Stanami Zjednoczonymi, Niemcami i Włochami - stanowi przyszłość systemów obrony przeciwlotniczej i przeciwrakietowej, a jednocześnie jest już sprawdzony w testach i interoperacyjny z systemami NATO. MEADS zapewnia państwom zaawansowaną, nowoczesną i efektywną kosztowo obronę powietrzną.

Zobacz więcej na MEADS.pl

www.MEADS.pl

ONTENT

6. From The President’s Press Office 7. From The Government Information Centre

34. BASE IN REDZIKOWO READY BY 2018 36. SŁAWOMIR KUŁAKOWSKI, President of Polish

NATO SUMMIT IN WARSAW 8.

ANDRZEJ DUDA, President of the Republic of Poland: NATO SUMMIT IN WARSAW – A POLISH PERSPECTIVE

10. WITOLD WASZCZYKOWSKI, Minister of

Foreign Affairs: POLAND’S ROLE IS TO BE A RELIABLE AND ACTIVE PART OF THE EURO-ATLANTIC SECURITY STRUCTURE

12. ANTONI MACIEREWICZ, Minister of Defence: NATO MAINSTAY OF OUR SECURITY

13. PAWEŁ SOLOCH, Head of the National

Security Bureau (BBN): NATO TOGETHER AGAINST NEW THREATS

14. 17 YEARS OF POLAND IN NATO 18. THE ALLIANCE WILL BE STRONGER AND MORE FLEXIBLE

20. KRYSTYNA WOŹNIAK-TRZOSEK:

“POLISH MARKET” WERE PRESENT AT THE WASHINGTON SUMMIT IN 1999

Chamber of National Defence Manufacturers: WE HAVE NO DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY FOR POLAND’S DEFENCE SECTOR

38. SŁAWOMIR DĘBSKI, Director of the Polish

Institute of International Affairs (PISM): NATO MUST BE OPEN TO THE ASPIRATIONS OF ITS NEIGHBOURING COUNTRIES

40.PROF. RYSZARD SZCZEPANIK, Ph.D., D. Sc.

Eng. General Director of the Air Force Institute of Technology: POLISH TECHNOLOGY FOR ARMED FORCES OF THE REPUBLIC OF POLAND

41. WARMATE COMBAT UNMANNED AIRCRAFT SYSTEM

42. GRAPHENE THE RISING STAR 44. MILITARY AUTOMOTIVE WORKS

PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCE AND EXPERIENCE

46. Colonel PIOTR SUSZYŃSKI, acting POLSA VicePresident for Defence: ROLE OF THE SPACE SECTOR IN NATIONAL DEFENCE

47. FLARIS - EASE OF FLYING 48. RYSZARD ŻÓŁTANIECKI, Collegium Civitas: LONGING FOR PARADISE LOST

22. THE STRATEGY OF PGZ (POLSKA GRUPA

INNOVATION

ZBROJENIOWA, POLISH ARMAMENTS GROUP)

24. RYSZARD KARDASZ, President of PCO S.A.: POLISH PRODUCTS CAN SUCCESSFULLY COMPETE WITH IMPORTS

26. PIT-RADWAR S.A. A LEADER IN DEFENCE SECTOR

50. MARCIN HABER: DIVERSIFICATION THE KEY TO SECURITY

52. ASSUMPTIONS OF THE CYBER SECURITY STRATEGY

53. ADAM SAWICKI, CEO AT T-MOBILE POLSKA

28. MARCIN HABER: FUTURE SOLDIER – TITANIC

S.A.: CYBER SECURITY – FOUNDATION OF INDUSTRY 4.0

32. “SHOW OF FORCE” IN THE RUN-UP TO THE

ROMAN SPUTO, Sales Director at Coriant Poland: CYBERSPACE IS ONE OF THE MAIN PRIORITIES

EFFORT OF MODERNISATION

NATO SUMMIT IN POLAND

54.

圀礀瀀漀猀愀簁漀渀礀 眀 稀椀渀琀攀最爀漀眀愀渀攀 甀稀戀爀漀樀攀渀椀攀Ⰰ 猀瀀爀愀眀搀稀漀渀礀 眀 戀漀樀甀 䈀氀愀挀欀 䠀愀眀欀 琀漀 瀀漀琀ᤁ簁渀愀 猀椀䈁愀 甀搀攀爀稀攀渀椀漀眀愀⸀ 倀爀漀搀甀欀漀眀愀渀礀 眀 倀漀氀猀挀攀 䈀氀愀挀欀 䠀愀眀欀 樀甀簁 眀猀瀀䈁琀眀漀爀稀礀 瀀漀琀攀渀挀樀愀䈁 瀀漀氀猀欀椀攀樀 最漀猀瀀漀搀愀爀欀椀Ⰰ 稀愀瀀攀眀渀椀愀 琀礀猀椀ԁ挀攀 洀椀攀樀猀挀 瀀爀愀挀礀 椀 最攀渀攀爀甀樀攀 搀氀愀 倀漀氀猀欀椀 稀渀愀挀稀渀攀 眀瀀䈁礀眀礀 稀 攀欀猀瀀漀爀琀甀⸀

56. 7TH CONGRESS OF INNOVATIVE ECONOMY 58. IMPACT 16’ 59. PROF. LEONARD ZIEMIAŃSKI, Vice-Rector of

Rzeszów University of Technology: CONTACTS BETWEEN SCIENTISTS AND BUSINESS OFFER AN OPPORTUNITY FOR DEVELOPING IDEAS

60. 3rd POLISH CHEMICAL INDUSTRY CONGRESS 61. PROF. JANUSZ LIPKOWSKI, Chairman of the

66. MACIEJ PROLIŃSKI: JOURNEY TO THE SOURCES 67.

MACIEJ PROLIŃSKI: CANTATA “MYŚLĄC OJCZYZNA” ON THE OCCASION OF THE NATO SUMMIT IN WARSAW

68. MACIEJ PROLIŃSKI: OPERA WHICH UNITES...

FOOD INDUSTRY 70. TOMASZ PARZYBUT: BEEF-FLAVOURED CANDY FLOSS 71. ONE HEALTH ONE WAY TO THE WORLD 73. ECONOMIC MONITOR

Committee on Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences: POLAND HAS BECOME A MAJOR EXPORTER OF CHEMICALS

CULTURE 62. Cultural Monitor

Cover: MiG-29A Photos on issue: www.shutterstock.com

64.

PROF. ANDRZEJ BETLEJ, Director of the National Museum in Kraków: EXHIBITIONS – EVENTS NOT CONFINED TO MUSEUMS

CONTENTS

55.

PROF. KRZYSZTOF KWIATKOWSKI, MD, Head of the Traumatology and Orthopaedics Department at the Military Institute of Medicine: WE CHANGE SURGICAL TECHNIQUES TO ADAPT THEM TO MODERN PRODUCTS

7/2016 Publisher: Oficyna Wydawnicza RYNEK POLSKI Sp. z o.o.

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Editorial

Krystyna Woźniak-Trzosek Editor-in-Chief President of Rynek Polski Publishers Co. Ltd.

THE NATO SUMMIT IN WARSAW SELECTING THE LEADING TOPIC OF THE JULY EDITION OF “POLISH MARKET” WAS NOT REALLY A DIFFICULT TASK. FOR OBVIOUS REASONS, THE NATO SUMMIT IN WARSAW WILL BE THE MOST IMPORTANT EVENT, AND NOT JUST FROM POLAND’S POINT OF VIEW. DECISIONS ENSURING PRESENCE OF NATO FORCES IN CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE AND A REINFORCEMENT OF THE ALLIANCE’S PRESENCE ON THE SOUTHERN FLANK MAY PROVE THE FOUNDATIONS OF SECURITY FOR THE ENTIRE REGION AND A KEY TO ITS FUTURE. I must admit that there is also some journalistic sentiment involved here and memories from years ago, when on 12 March 1999 at the Harry S. Truman Library & Museum in the American town of Independence the then Polish Foreign Minister Professor Bronisław Geremek handed over to the US Secretary of State Madeleine Albright the act of accession of Poland to the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation. We, the journalists witnessing that ceremony, also felt the importance of the occasion.

I experienced similar emotions during the 50th Summit in Washington held on 23-25 April 1999. It was Poland’s first summit in NATO. Polish President Aleksander Kwaśniewski said on that occasion: “On NATO’s 50th anniversary, we became a member of the organization. Our signification today is all the greater as this fact is a symbol of the final end put to a nearly 300-year run of bad luck in Poland’s history…”

I am convinced that at that time everybody was moved by the importance of that event. I personally experienced cordiality, friendship and caring for Polish affairs from US Senator Edward Kennedy who told me about the history of his family and country. He was also very interested in our attitude towards NATO and our expectations regarding co-operation within the Alliance.

Seventeen years later, I still feel these emotions because their underpinning arguments remain as valid as ever. What is more, new ones have been added in the meantime. At that time, as observed by Tomas Valasek, former director of the World Security Institute in Brussels, the entire Central and Eastern Europe shared a sense of historic injustice, the sense that, without any fault on their part, two post-war generations had been robbed of their fundamental freedoms and opportunities. Membership in NATO could not restore what had been taken away.

However, symbolically it was intended to restore the rightful place of one half of our continent among free and democratic states. In terms of the future, we saw in NATO a safeguard of democratic standards, protection against the return of internal and external totalitarianism. This motivation has not eroded to any significant extent. It is still quite obvious that there is no room for any grey zone or for freelance states in the middle of Europe. If we want to protect our cultural identity then there is no other way apart from membership in a political and military coalition defending the same values.

Has Poland found its place in this alliance? While being the first post-communist state aspiring to NATO membership it also approached its membership obligations eagerly and seriously, maybe a little too simplistically, though. Immediately after the defeat of the communists in the 1989 elections, but before the tearing down of the Berlin Wall and the dissolution of the Warsaw Pact, Poland was the first country to actively consider joining NATO. It was the first to accept an invitation to negotiations, agree the list of standards which had to be met prior to accession and achieve them. Poland passed the “entry examinations” lasting ten years, and vacatio legis of our membership was just twelve days. On March 24, 1999 we joined NATO’s intervention in Kosovo. The hope for peace required taking part in a war? Soon, there came an even more difficult moment, September 11, 2001. The terrorist attacks led to NATO members realising that a new global threat formula had been born and again created a need for collective defence. However, the quick consensus within NATO pertained mainly to the diagnosis of the situation. Different members of the Alliance gave different answers to the question of how exactly do we combat the threat of catastrophic terrorism. This lack of cohesion in assessments and actions of NATO members deepened in the following years. It manifested itself in many Alliance members ignoring the obligation to maintain an appropriate level of defence spending or failing to notice Russian expansionism. It took the annexation of Crimea, the Ukraine crisis, the exodus from the Middle East directly threatening Europe to stimulate NATO to seek a more active response, to a large extent thanks to the inspiration coming from the new member states, including Poland.

We would not exaggerate by stating that we may consider ourselves a model member state of the Alliance. Due performance of all treaty obligations, participation in all missions, activity in the area of political and military co-operation serve as evidence that Poland seriously treats NATO as the bedrock of security. The Warsaw Summit, expected to bring about real protection of the Eastern flank of the Alliance, will also be an important stage in the necessary political debate at the highest level. The answer to the question: “What does an effective collective defence and responsibility for peace mean today” is no longer as simple as it used to be.

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5

President

MEETING BETWEEN THE PRESIDENTIAL COUPLE AND THE NORWEGIAN ROYAL FAMILY

T

he Polish presidential couple were met during their visit to Norway on May 22-23

by King Harald V and Queen Sonja. After the official ceremony the Polish President and the King of Norway placed flowers at the National Monument in Akershus Fortress.

Subsequently, the President held a meeting with Olemic Thommessen, the President of the Norwegian Parliament.

Andrzej Duda also met with Erna Solberg, the Prime Minister of Norway. During his meetings with King Harald V and Prime Minister Solberg President Andrzej Duda talked about the future co-operation between Poland and Norway in areas such as energy, construction, military and scientific co-operation and new technologies.

POLAND AND DENMARK IN AGREEMENT REGARDING THE AGENDA OF THE NATO SUMMIT

“

Poland and Denmark are at one as regards the agenda of the NATO Summit in Warsaw and potential threats facing countries in the Alliance ,” President Andrzej Duda stressed on June 9 after talks with Danish Prime Minister Lars Løkke Rasmussen.

He said that the talks focused on the NATO Summit in Warsaw, stressing that two main topics will be discussed at the event: security in the East and at the southern flank of the Alliance.

Talks with the Danish Prime Minister also included economic and energy co-operation – the President informed. – We would like Denmark to co-operate with us not only in building the Baltic pipeline, but also in turning this project into a wider initiative leading to the creation of a connection between Poland and the Norwegian shelf in the coming years so that natural gas could be delivered from there to Poland and other countries. We want to diversify the sources of gas supply not just in the case of Poland but also the EU – he stressed.

“ANAKONDA-16 RESPONDS TO CONTEMPORARY CHALLENGES”

“

Anakonda-16 is a response to the challenges of today, to the current security architecture in Europe; its aim is to demonstrate the unity of the Alliance,” said President Andrzej Duda, who observed the exercises on June 13. In Chełmno, Kujawsko-Pomorskie Region, the President watched German and British soldiers from a multi-national engineering battalion build a 330-metre long amphibious floating bridge on the River Vistula. The bridge, constructed of 31 amphibious vehicles, was completed in just thirty minutes. The President stressed that Anaconda-16 were the biggest military exercises in Poland since 1989. He said that they demonstrated readiness for “collective defence of our territory”. “They will enable NATO forces to effectively defend the territory of every member state,” he added.

The President thanked Lieutenant General Ben Hodges, Commanding General, United States Army Europe, General Mirosław Różański, Deputy Exercise Commander, and Lieutenant General Marek Tomaszycki, Operating Commander, for successfully conducting Anakonda-16 exercises.

PRESIDENTIAL COUPLE WITH A TWO-DAY VISIT IN GERMANY

E

conomic co-operation, the Nord Stream 2 pipeline and sanctions imposed on Russia were the topics broached during a visit by President Andrzej Duda and the First Lady in Berlin on June 16. The Presidential Couple were welcomed in the forecourt of the Bellevue Palace by German President Joachim Gauck and Daniela Schadt. The Polish-German meeting took place as part of the commemoration of the 25th anniversary of signing the Polish-German Treaty on Good Neighbourhood and Friendly Co-operation.

After the meeting between the Presidents of Poland and Germany plenary talks chaired by both heads of state were held to discuss bilateral relations. Subsequently, the Presidential Couples took part in a conference dedicated to 25 years of partnership with speeches delivered by Andrzej Duda and Joachim Gauck. President Duda also met with Chancellor Angela Merkel.

Photos: Grzegorz Jakubowski, Andrzej Hrechorowicz / KPRP;

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The Polish-German Treaty on Good Neighbourhood and Friendly Co-operation was signed on 17 June 1991

by Polish Prime Minister Jan Krzysztof Bielecki, German Chancellor Helmut Kohl and by the foreign ministers: Krzysztof Skubiszewski and Hans-Dietrich Genscher.

This treaty supplements the Polish-German Border Treaty of 14 November 1990 being one of the conditions of German unification.

Prime Minister

MEETING BETWEEN THE POLISH PRIME MINISTER AND THE VICE-PRESIDENT OF THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION

MEETING OF PRIME MINISTER BEATA SZYDŁO WITH THE SECRETARY GENERAL OF NATO

O

O

n June 23, Premier Beata Szydło held talks with Kristalina Georgieva.

The topics included a review of the Long-Term Financial Framework for 2014 – 2020.

The visit of the Vice-President of the European Commission (EC) in Warsaw provides an opportunity for exchanging views regarding the review and the shape of the EU financial plan after the year 2020. The talks also included financing the cohesion policy and the agricultural policy. During her visit in Warsaw the Vice-President of the EC also met with Finance Minister Paweł Szałamacha and Deputy Foreign Minister Konrad Szymański.

PRIME MINISTER BEATA SZYDŁO: WE HAVE MANY ECONOMIC PROJECTS WHICH WE WOULD LIKE TO PURSUE IN CO-OPERATION WITH CHINA

O

n June 20, Premier Beata Szydło met with President of the People’s Republic of China Xi Jinping.

“This is an important visit and a source of considerable hopes. We have many economic projects, investments, which we would like to pursue together,” she said. “Poland is developing very quickly and plays a leading role in the region. We want the economic development programme adopted by the government to contribute to an even faster development of our State,” she added.

Beata Szydło expressed hope that the meetings and agreements signed during the Chinese president’s visit would turn in the coming months and years into more intensive, specific economic activities. I think that this is in the interest of both our countries, but it is also our great ambition,” she stressed.

The head of the government said that Poland was establishing co-operation and trade with China as part of the New Silk Road project – a Chinese concept of a new trade route linking Asia with Europe. “We believe that this project has a great future and offers a huge opportunity for economic co-operation and for building relations and initiatives between us,” she said.

The President of China stressed, in turn, that there was a long history of friendship between his country and Poland. Poland was among the first countries to recognise the new China and to establish diplomatic relations. “Since

n May 31, Prime Minister Beata Szydło held talks with Jens Stoltenberg about the preparations for the July NATO Summit in Warsaw.

The meeting also provided an opportunity for expressing expectations regarding reinforcement of the presence of NATO forces in Poland. During his Warsaw visit the Secretary General of NATO also held talks with Antoni Macierewicz, Minister of Defence. He also met with Foreign Affairs Minister Witold Waszczykowski.

MEETING BETWEEN BEATA SZYDŁO AND THE HIGH REPRESENTATIVE OF THE EU FOR FOREIGN AFFAIRS AND SECURITY POLICY then our relations have been developing steadily, especially in recent years,” he said. He added that high level contacts between the countries were frequent.

Premier Beata Szydło with Presidents Xi Jinping and Andrzej Duda took part in the opening of the International New Silk Road Forum and the 4th Poland-China Regional Forum.

The Prime Minister stressed that the New Silk Road offered enormous possibilities and economic benefits. “The Silk Road is our joint path towards development,” said Beata Szydło.

“Thanks to the convenient location of our railway terminals and sea ports, Poland is a natural partner for China in the New Silk Road project,” the Prime Minister explained. “We already have the fastest railway connection between China and Europe – the Łódź–Chengdu line, and the container shipment line linking Gdańsk with ports in Eastern Asia and China, as well as an air connection between Warsaw and Beijing,” she added.

O

n June 2, Prime Minister Beata Szydło met with Federica Mogherini, High Representative of the EU for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy. The topics discussed included security, Eastern policy and preparations for the NATO Summit in Warsaw.

The meeting between Prime Minister Szydło and Federica Mogherini provided an opportunity for exchanging views regarding Eastern Partnership co-operation and security policy, including the forthcoming NATO Summit in Warsaw in July 2016. The head of the Polish Government and the High Representative of the EU for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy also discussed the situation in Syria and Libya, the European Global Strategy and employment of Poles in the European External Action Service (EEAS).

It was Federica Mogherini’s second visit in Warsaw since her appointment in November 2014. She came to Poland following an invitation issued by Witold Waszczykowski, the Foreign Affairs Minister.

Photo: P.Tracz / KPRM

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7

ANDRZEJ DUDA, PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF POLAND

NATO SUMMIT IN WARSAW – A POLISH PERSPECTIVE

I

am truly delighted with this opportunity to share my thoughts on the Alliance’s future here in Rome, at the NATO Defense College, on the eve of the Warsaw Summit. Let me express my appreciation to the NDC authorities for the invitation and the kind words of introduction.

Ladies and Gentlemen, This year the NATO Defense College celebrates a double anniversary – 65 years since its inception and 50 years of its presence in Rome.

Throughout all these years NDC has played an important role both in educating NATO civilian and military leaders, and in promoting cooperation, interoperability and unity among Allies.

It is a great privilege and pleasure to address people who on a daily basis contribute to the allied security by improving their skills and knowledge. I think that it would be highly inappropriate to lecture you on strategic, operational, logistic or any other aspects of purely military nature. After all, you know a lot more about this stuff than

8 polish market

myself. Therefore, let me share with you some thoughts about security in NATO`s territory from the perspective of a politician.

Europe is facing a radical change in the international security environment, both in its Eastern and Southern neighborhood. The annexation of Crimea and aggression in Eastern Ukraine have undermined the foundations of European security, that is: respect for international law, internal sovereignty and territorial integrity. Simultaneously, instability in North Africa and the Middle East results in growing terrorist threats and generates a continuous flow of migrants into Europe. These threats and challenges remind us that we need to stay strong and united to preserve our security, our values and our way of living.

In this spirit, the upcoming NATO Summit in Warsaw needs to send a clear and loud signal of our cohesion, political will and ability to defend our freedom and to promote stability. There is one Alliance and equal security for all its members is a must. However, as Allies, we also bear major responsibility for shaping security outside our borders.

This is why the NATO Summit in Warsaw must have a universal agenda, offering response to the full spectrum of challenges to the allied security, no matter which direction they are coming from. Three aspects of the comprehensive Warsaw Summit agenda seem to be critically important to me.

First, we have to ensure an absolute credibility of defense and deterrence. This is the bedrock of NATO and an indispensable foundation for any other activities undertaken by the Alliance.

Second, we should remain open for dialogue even with those, who do not share our values. While today a truly constructive engagement with such countries might be hard to achieve, we should still be striving for a more predictable coexistence with all European states.

Third, we need to advance our open door and partnership policy.

Since the end of the Cold War NATO’s outreach has been a real success story. We should keep the momentum and further develop cooperative arrangements with all partners willing to work with us.

Ladies and Gentlemen, NATO must be able to fully implement the well known concept of the indivisibility of Allied security. In order to do so, we need to strengthen the defense and deterrence of the Alliance.

At the 2014 Wales Summit we decided to bolster NATO`s readiness and responsiveness. In Warsaw we should continue with this process, but we also need to take a step forward. We need to establish an enhanced forward presence of NATO troops and defense infrastructure on the Eastern Flank. Let me be very open about it: given the current security situation, it is only through a real presence that we are able to guarantee real defense and deterrence.

I hope that solutions worked-out in Warsaw on that matter will be both militarily effective and politically acceptable for all Allies. And let me stress that in this endeavor Poland is not merely a recipient, but also a provider of capabilities aimed at strengthening NATO`s Eastern Flank. We have fulfilled the Wales Pledge with a defense spending of 2% of our GDP. Currently we’re pursuing the modernization of our Armed Forces. We are actively participating in the Assurance Measures in the Baltic States including Baltic Air Policing mission.

It is also crucial for NATO to keep up and develop a full spectrum of measures to tackle complex challenges from the South. This should include adjusting NATO capabilities to deter non-state actors but also continuing our engagement in crisis response operations, such as the one currently conducted in the Aegean Sea. Poland fully recognizes how serious these challenges are.

Finally, at the Warsaw Summit we need to declare our readiness to increase defense spending. This is a sign of the Alliance’s credibility. Without adequate resources, we will simply not deliver, neither on deterrence nor on defense.

Ladies and Gentlemen, We do not intend to isolate Russia. We have no interest in coming back to the Cold War. The balance of fear is not a good recipe for shaping contemporary international relations.

We need a focused dialogue to reduce the risk of miscalculation, to avoid conflicts and to increase predictability in our relations. But the nature and scope of NATO-Russia dialogue should in no way undermine NATO’s deterrence and collective defense arrangements. We need to bear in mind that in order to have a constructive engagement, this dialogue must be based on the principle of international law and respect for territorial integrity of all states. Otherwise, the dialogue will simply boil down to an empty word.

I very much hope that at the Warsaw Summit we will be able to agree on such a pragmatic approach. An approach based on a sober

analysis rather than on over-optimistic illusions, with the latter ones so often interpreted as a sign of weakness in the history of Europe, and hence provoking an aggression.

The Warsaw Summit should also open a new chapter in relations with our partners, both those willing and able to act with us, as well as those who need our assistance in building resilience against threats and challenges in our Eastern and Southern neighborhood.

Montenegro’s accession to NATO is going to be a visible proof that the door to our Alliance does remain open. It is an important factor contributing to stability of the whole Western Balkans and the aspirant countries from other regions.

I believe that in Warsaw we will manage to adopt a comprehensive defense support package for Ukraine and will further strengthen our relations with Georgia and Moldova. On the other hand, we need to better connect with partners from North Africa and the Middle East. Defense Capacity Initiative offers new opportunities in this regard, which should be fully exploited by all Allies, including Poland.

I am sure that the southern dimension of the Alliance`s cooperative security efforts will be adequately addressed at the Warsaw Summit.

Obviously, from the Polish perspective, the Northern partners, namely Finland and Sweden, are of special importance. They have been with us in all NATO-led missions and operations. They constitute an integral, indispensable part of European Defense within the European Union. To my mind, it is in the best interest of the Alliance to develop special, tailored relations with them. The upcoming Summit provides an opportunity to go down that path.

For the last decades we have managed to establish a strong and firm transatlantic bond within the Alliance. No doubt that the extraordinary engagement and commitment of the United States of America is crucial for European security. However, in Warsaw we should also take note of a real progress in cooperation between NATO and the European Union. Not only because the Summit is scheduled just two weeks after the European Council meeting. I strongly believe that NATO and the EU should work hand in hand in addressing security challenges such as the migration crisis, terrorism, hybrid threats, cyber defense or energy security. I am aware of political obstacles and deadlocks that have prevented us, for years, from fully exploiting the potential of the strategic partnership between our two organizations. Nevertheless, I believe that common sense will eventually prevail and hopefully, the Warsaw Summit will lay the foundation for such a change.

Ladies and Gentlemen, There are less than two months left to the Warsaw Summit. As Head of the host country, I have been visiting our Allies for a couple of months now to get acquainted with their perspectives and expectations. The discussions and meetings I have had, make me optimistic about the success of the Summit and its truly meaningful results. We just need to remember about the core principles of our Alliance. Having said it in Washington, I will also repeat it in Rome: We are strong and effective only when we act together and stand at each other’s side.

But I also know that Warsaw is not the end of the journey. It is just a stage, not the final destination on the path of NATO`s strategic adaptation. Defense and deterrence, dialogue, as well as NATO partnerships will continue to top our post-Summit agenda.

As I indicated at the outset of my speech, I am hopeful that the NATO Defense College will help us to shape and implement that agenda.

Thank you very much for your attention.

• Speach delivered by President of Poland Andrzej Duda at the NATO Defence College Rome, May 17, 2016

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WITOLD WASZCZYKOWSKI, Minister of Foreign Affairs

I

n these tense times, the security of the Euro-Atlantic area and the stability around it is accompanied by a big question mark. This question mark has ballooned in size since 2014. As a community we face tensions, instabilities and open conflicts in the close vicinity of our borders. It is no wonder therefore, that we feel less secure now than we did three years ago.

Bad weather requires reliable protective gear, unless you want to get soaked. That is why the Euro-Atlantic Alliance has a special umbrella to shield us from political and military storms – an umbrella called the North Atlantic Alliance. The main task for the Warsaw Summit is to patch this umbrella properly, so that it is able to withstand challenging conditions.

The deterioration of the Euro-Atlantic security environment to the North, East and South of NATO today reinforces the importance of the Warsaw Summit and the impact that its result will have on our security in the future.

Citizens of NATO countries expect the Alliance to ensure credible and efficient protection from present and prospective threats and challenges. Our duty is to provide such protection as strongly and surely as possible.

For Poland, this means going back to the basics: NATO must once again put collective defence at the top of its priorities list, based on the shared principles of solidarity and equal security.

We must re-wire our perception of security, rebuilding high-end defence capabilities, structures and procedures. In a similar vein, we have to change NATO’s defence and deterrence posture and focus our efforts on the most threatened strategic directions – today this means the East and South. Deployment of NATO defence

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capabilities should be executed in line with this premise and more evenly, in terms of geography, than it is today.

The highly anticipated decision on the enhanced forward presence of NATO combat forces in the Eastern Flank region is an instrument that serves exactly this purpose.

We have to make sure that the transatlantic bond linking Europe and North America is strong and efficient.

We must also preserve the resilience and stability of our partners around. In short, we need to use every instrument at our disposal to make sure that our umbrella is really and truly storm resistant.

At the Warsaw Summit we need to make the best possible decisions and actions to satisfy the security concerns of all NATO Allies. The future of the Alliance, as well as its relevance and credibility, depends now more than ever before on defence and deterrence capabilities, which paves the way for diplomacy and a cooperative approach to security challenges.

This is a realistic evaluation of our present security environment based on objective facts rather than bluesky wishful thinking. This does not mean that we should forget about peacemaking instruments such as risk-reduction, confidence-building measures, dialogue and negotiations. Easing tensions and looking for good diplomatic solutions is also an important part of NATO’s job.

However, sitting at the negotiation table is much more comfortable when one is backed by a sense of strength and security. Creating such a sense of confidence requires unity, determination, hard work and resources – it is not handed out for free. I hope that in Warsaw we will find these necessary elements and we will use them properly for the sake of improving security and stability.

POLAND’S ROLE IS TO BE A RELIABLE AND ACTIVE PART OF THE EURO-ATLANTIC SECURITY STRUCTURE WITOLD WASZCZYKOWSKI, Minister of Foreign Affairs, talks to Polish Market.

On 12 March 1999, Poland joined the NorthAtlantic Alliance. How much has the Alliance changed over the past 17 years? And what is Poland’s role in NATO? After the collapse of the communist system, Poland took her fate in her own hands and decided to return to Western civilization. At the time, the Alliance was trying to define its new role in a changing world. Joining NATO in 1999 was a manifestation and a result of our sovereignty and freedom of choice. We wanted to take an active part in creating the new EuroAtlantic security architecture. For the Alliance the beginning of the new century was a period of optimistic and daring ideas aimed at creating cooperative security in partnership with a former arch-enemy, in the form of the new Russian Federation. In those days it seemed possible. 17 years later, we are dealing once again with a changed world and a new security environment, shaped in large part by a now not so new Russian Federation that is heading in a rather dangerous direction. Once again NATO has to return to its basic concept of collective defence to effectively secure its own members.

Poland’s role – then and now – is the same: to PM

be a reliable and active part of the Euro-Atlantic security structure, to do our best to strengthen the safety of all Allies in the spirit of solidarity.

The upcoming NATO Summit will take place in Warsaw this July. What can we expect from the Summit? The strengthening and developing of NATO’s capabilities to defend its members, guaranteeing in practice an equal security status for each one of them? What does Poland hope to get out of the Summit?

Solidarity and the equal security of all members are basic principles of the Alliance. We hope that the NATO Summit in Warsaw will prove that these principles are still the most important guiding principles for member countries while making key decisions on the future of our common security. Poland hopes very much that the security of the whole Alliance will be strengthened, especially its Eastern part, which is directly exposed to threats and challenges from Russia.

PM

PM

The U.S. Permanent Representative to NATO, Ambassador Douglas E. Lute, said:

“I believe that the summit in Warsaw will take us to the next stage. Why do I say this? Because in 2016 it is a given that the NATO of the past 25 years is no longer up to date.” What are the most important challenges facing NATO in the immediate future?

Since the beginning of 2014 we have witnessed a deep, rapid and dramatic change of our security environment. First, Russia decided to use its military power to change Europe’s borders, then a group of terrorists announced the birth of the caliphate which meant more trouble than usual on the southern peripheries. NATO has to deal effectively with challenges emanating from both these strategic directions to warrant the equal security status of all members. In Newport, the Alliance made important decisions in order to quickly reassure the security of its most endangered members. The Warsaw Summit is an opportunity to make decisions more strategic in nature, in order to adapt the Alliance for a long-term period ahead of negative security trends across the Euro-Atlan• tic area.

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Photo: Ministry of Defence

NATO MAINSTAY OF OUR SECURITY ANTONI MACIEREWICZ, Minister of Defence

T

he NATO Summit in Warsaw will be the largest in the history of the Alliance and will make the world a safer place. 58 delegations from all around the world, including 28 from NATO member states, 26 from affiliated states, as well as delegations from the main headquarters of NATO, the World Bank, UN and EU, in excess of 2,000 persons, are coming to Warsaw. This is also the first summit held in Warsaw and the first summit of the current Secretary General, Mr Jens Stoltenberg.

NATO is becoming the main point of reference for our everyday security. We already know that Poland has achieved its main goals. A majority of the demands concerning Poland’s security have been provisionally accepted, and our Warsaw Summit will also enable us to reinforce the unity of the Alliance in the current unstable security situation.

Decisions positively changing the shape of the Alliance are to be taken during the NATO Summit. They include strengthening the Eastern flank and furthering the unity of the Alliance as the mainstay of security as well as political co-operation. Ultimately, we will learn about all the decisions regarding the Eastern flank on July 8 at approximately 6.30 p.m. when Secretary General Stoltenberg announces them during his first briefing in Warsaw.

However, we should bear in mind that the North Atlantic Alliance is currently facing different types of threats in different areas, both to the East and to the South. Consequently, it is necessary to synchronise reinforcements and counteractions in both these regions. During the pre-Summit negotiations we succeeded in overcoming the differences stemming from the nature of the threats and the location of individual countries.

We already know that the Alliance will deploy in Poland and in the Baltic States four combat battalions whose task is to deter and maintain readiness to defend the territory of NATO before the main forces can be brought to bear. The framework nations include: the USA, Great Britain and Germany. Decisions concerning the fourth framework nation will be taken at the NATO Summit. Poland will take part in the actions carried out by one of the framework nations in the Baltic States.

Among other issues of concern to Poland it is necessary to mention the deployment in our country of the command of the division operating the four combat battalions and the Eastern flank military intelligence

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and reconnaissance command. The latter initiative is strongly supported by Germany and 16 other countries making up the “Framework Nations Concept.”

Some of the measures designed to increase security have been provisionally approved, in some cases negotiations continue and the final political decisions will be taken at the Summit. Technical arrangements will be made after the meeting.

In the event of implementation of the reinforcement measures, Poland will receive an adequate level of security in respect of the present threats. I want to stress emphatically that during the entire period of preparation for the NATO Summit in Warsaw the co-operation with the Federal Republic of Germany and the head of the Ministry of Defence, Ursula von den Leyen, was very good. I hope that it will be continued.

In accordance with my statement made in February 2016, in the course of preparations for the Warsaw event, Poland declared sending on the reconnaissance and training mission to the Middle East its F-16 fighter jets with DB-110 reconnaissance pods, a Special Forces team to train Christian militias and a frigate to operate in the Aegean Sea. Our co-responsibility for the global security is at stake. We must act in solidarity to combat all types of threats directed against NATO members.

The changing situation in the EU will not affect the debates during Warsaw’s NATO Summit. The exit of Great Britain from the EU will not affect the British position towards NATO and will not weaken the Alliance. There is no cause for any hysterical reactions to this development. The EU is an organisation of sovereign, national, independent states. Each of them is entitled to decide its fate. Great Britain has taken the decision it has taken... The potential Brexit had for quite some time been the topic of numerous meetings with Michael Fallon, British Defence Secretary and British Ambassador to Poland as well as the subject of talks among a wider group of European states. On each occasion the representatives of Great Britain gave us assurances that their country would not change its position in NATO, regardless of the decision concerning its EU membership. These are two different areas. • Remarks made at a press conference summarising preparations for the NATO Summit in Warsaw (24 June 2016 Department of Military Foreign Affairs of the Ministry of Defence Warsaw).

Photo: Instytut Sobieskiego

NATO

The NATO Summit, one of the most important meetings to be held in Warsaw, is fast approaching. What does Poland expect from the Summit?

Our main objective is strengthening the security of countries making up the Eastern flank of NATO, above all, through tangible presence of the Allied forces in the East. In recent months we have been building a consensus among our allies in this regard and there is every indication that decisions in our favour will be taken during the Warsaw Summit.

If this happens, we will be able to speak of a turning point in the history of the Alliance.

For the first time persistent, rotation-based military presence on the Eastern flank will be established. This is a step forward compared to the solutions adopted at the previous summit in Wales and it complements previous American decisions to deploy a US brigade in our region.

It has to be emphasised that our actions are a result of the aggressive policy pursued by Russia against her neighbours in recent years. All allies agree that this policy is a source of threats and NATO should respond adequately by strengthening its deterrence power. Strong defence through deterrent is the best way of preventing a conflict.

At the same time, Poland wants the Summit to emphasise the cohesion of the Alliance and its readiness to combat threats appearing from all directions, according to the 360 degrees approach. Hence the recent decision of the Polish President to offer support to our allies in the South in their fight against the Islamic State and to send PM

TOGETHER AGAINST NEW THREATS PAWEŁ SOLOCH, Head of the National Security Bureau (BBN) talks to “Polish Market”.

a military mission performing reconnaissance and training tasks.

We also want the Summit to send out a signal showing that NATO remains an alliance open to partnership with other countries and organisations. An important meeting of the NATO-Ukraine Commission at the level of hades of state is scheduled to be held in Warsaw. It will send a very strong signal of political support of the Alliance for Ukraine.

We also expect the Summit to raise the level of co-operation with the most important Northern partners – Finland and Sweden.

This is particularly important to Poland in view of the role played by these States in providing security of the Baltic Sea. We are also going to work towards increasing the scale of political and practical co-operation between NATO and Georgia.

What new challenges must be dealt with

by NATO? Certainly, the two issues mentioned above are the priorities. On the one hand, a change of the situation at the Eastern flank of the Alliance, on the other hand, threats posed by the activities of the Islamic State in the South, such as terrorism or migration.

NATO must be capable of comprehensively responding to threats materialising in its vicinity and retain the ability to fulfil all three tasks mentioned in the 2010 strategic Concept, meaning collective defence, crisis management and cooperative security. In this context it is important for the Summit to confirm the obligation of the Alliance members to develop their most demanding and prioritised military capabilities- those which PM

are of key importance for supporting other allies and for effectively defending them against threats, but which may also be deployed during other missions.

Talking of security of the Member States we must remember that contemporary threats are not limited to the classical fullscale military conflict. Today’s challenges include hybrid threats against energy security, information war, combat in cyberspace, terrorism. Here, the Alliance’s co-operation with other organisations, particularly with the European Union, should play an important role. Therefore, we are glad that during the Summit there will be a meeting between the allies and the EU leaders.

Is cyber security equally important as ensuring conventional security of the country? Has any special operations group tasked with combating this form of terrorism been formed?

Cyberspace is an inseparable part of “conventional” security and it would be difficult to speak about combating crime, terrorism or military actions without taking into account the “cyber” factor. Fortunately, it appears that the issue of cyber threats is well defined and efforts are made to strengthen with area of security. For example, during the Anakonda-16-16 exercises, the largest such event for years, held recently in Poland, there appeared an element of defence against cyber attacks. I can also add that the anti-terrorist law signed recently by the Polish President contains elements supporting combating threats in cyberspa ce.

• PM

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17 YEARS OF POLAND IN NATO S

eventeen years ago, Bronisław Geremek, the then Polish Minister of Foreign Affairs, signed the act of accession of Poland to the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO). According to a survey carried out by the CBOS opinion research centre on the occasion of the 15th anniversary of Poland joining NATO, two thirds of the respondents were satisfied with that decision. Would the result be similar today? We do not know, but it is certain that NATO as a political-military organisation not only ensures military equilibrium

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between the West and the East but, above all, gives us all a sense of security.

ROAD TO NATO Although Poland joined the organisation on 12 March 1999, our efforts to become its member can be traced back to the early 1990s when Prime Minister Tadeusz Mazowiecki established official relations with NATO. Prime Minister Mazowiecki was supported by President Lech Wałęsa, who

openly spoke of the need for Poland to feel secure and stressed that NATO could guarantee us that security. Our hopes were raised in March 1992 when during his visit to Poland NATO’s Secretary General Manfred Wörner declared that “the doors to NATO are open.” Another watershed event was Poland’s accession to the Partnership for Peace Programme in 1994. Although joining this programme gave us no guarantee of admission to NATO, it offered opportunities for conducting joint manoeuvres, taking part in operations and consultations with the partners in NATO in the event of a threat to their security.

The speech on the enlargement of NATO delivered by US President Bill Clinton, in which he said that it was not a question of “if” but “when and how,” gave us hope that that moment would come soon. After the NATO Summit in Madrid in July 1997, the decision was taken to invite Poland, the Czech Republic and Hungary to negotiations regarding their membership in the Alliance. The negotiations began in September of that year. The North Atlantic Council signed the accession protocols of Poland, the Czech Republic and Hungary. In January 1999, NATO’s Secretary General Javier Solana sent an official invitation to join the Alliance resulting in signing the Accession Treaty on 12 March 1999 in the American city of Independence. After 15 years, Janusz Steinhoff, the then Minister of Economy in the government of Jerzy Buzek, during whose tenure the Accession Treaty was signed, said the following in an interview published in the May 2014 issue of “Polish Market”: “It was our unquestioned political priority adopted after 1989. I think that Poland’s entry to the North Atlantic Alliance was an effect of a sophisticated policy pursued by successive Polish governments. A special role, in my opinion, was played here by Jerzy Buzek and his activity – as it was under his government that we finalised the process of seeking NATO membership – and by our foreign policy. The person responsible for that policy was the late Bronisław Geremek, one of the most outstanding Polish politicians after 1989. The role of Jerzy Koźmiński, our ambassador to the United States at that time, was also very significant. He perfectly pursued the tactics and strategy adopted in the process of seeking membership. The role of the Polish lobby in the United States, support from Professor Zbigniew Brzeziński and many people active in the Polish-American community were also important. Certainly, our armed forces had to adopt all NATO standards. As a member of NATO, we take part in various foreign missions.”

In the same issue of “Polish Market” Janusz Onyszkiewicz, Minister of Defence in Jerzy Buzek’s government, the man responsible for bringing Poland into NATO, pointed to the importance of joining the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation for our security: “It was an exceptionally important step because after the fall of Communism in Europe in 1989 Poland found itself in a grey zone, a sort of ‘strategic vacuum’. On one side there was NATO, with the Soviet Union and then Russia on the other. It was an extremely awkward situation because it still allowed Russia to hope it would be possible to restore the kind of Polish-Russian relations that had existed in the communist times. In other words – that Russia would manage to draw Poland again into its sphere of

influence. In order to make Russia abandon those hopes and illusions, which were so dangerous for us, it was necessary to show that Poland had already become part of the Euro-Atlantic system, especially NATO. The membership in NATO was more important for us at that time. Additionally, it was easier to achieve because it was clear that it would take us a long time to enter the European Union.

And being a member of NATO smoothed our road to the EU.” There is universal consent that joining NATO was a momentous event for the Poles. However, we should remember that by becoming a member of the North Atlantic Alliance we also made a contribution to it in the form of people.

Speaking to “Polish Market” (March 1999) the then President Aleksander Kwaśniewski said: “We have good officers, good soldiers, good military tradition. Modernisation of the equipment is a necessity… I am convinced that in the coming years we will acquire new multi-purpose aircraft, new equipment and new communications technology. We must remember that it is easier to buy equipment than to train the people capable of taking inter-operable actions and communicating with their partners.”

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BENEFITS, BENEFITS... BENEFITS? The survey mentioned above attests to the satisfaction of Poles with the accession to NATO. Mostly because we feel safe. Despite the passage of time, we still remember World War Two, destruction, persecution and also its consequences in the form of totalitarianism and absolute dependence on the Soviet Union.

• Security of a member state Certainly, the parties which signed the North Atlantic Treaty want to maintain peace. They protect “the freedom, common heritage and civilisation of their peoples, founded on the principles of democracy, individual liberty and the rule of law.” But for every member state, the most important article of the Treaty is Article 5 which stipulates: “The Parties agree that an armed attack against one or more of them in Europe or North America shall be considered an attack against them all and consequently they agree that, if such an armed attack occurs, each of them, in exercise of the right of individual or collective self-defence recognised by Article 51 of the Charter of the United Nations, will assist the Party or Parties so attacked by taking forthwith, individually and in concert with the other Parties, such action as it deems necessary, including the use of armed force, to restore and maintain the security of the North Atlantic area …”

In other words, if any member state falls victim to aggression of another state, all NATO member states are obligated to provide assistance. Article 5 embodies the “one for all – all for one” principle. It would seem that today, as the political situation is stable, there should be no room for changes. However, the situation in Ukraine and the annexation of Crimea show that we cannot be so sure of this.

During the Summit held in April 2014 in the Welsh town of Newport, the “Readiness Action Plan” was adopted, assuming, among others, increasing the response capabilities of the Alliance in the event of a threat to the territory of any of its member states. The Plan provided for the creation of contingents ready to be transferred to the threatened area in just 2-5 days.

Nonetheless, all politicians and political commentators continue to repeat that our country is safe.

• Prestige Undoubtedly, Poland’s accession to NATO has elevated the country’s position in the international arena. During preparations to the NATO Summit in Warsaw almost everybody asked the following question: What is the role of Poland in NATO? Are we an equally important partner as in the European Union? Poland has earned a prominent position in NATO by its hard work. We always stand beside our allies.

According to the data released by the Ministry of Defence, Poland has taken part in 14 allied missions and operations.

Minister Onyszkiewicz has no doubt: ”Poland’s voice in NATO really matters, mainly because we have shown clearly, though at times it was costly and difficult, that Poland is an ally through thick and thin.

We have demonstrated this, for example, by our presence in Afghanistan where we were a very important partner.

Thanks to our involvement in Afghanistan, our armed

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forces already function excellently within NATO and our commanders have acquired the ability to lead military operations larger than those in which Poland had participated previously as a member of UN peace-keeping missions. Those two kinds of operations had a different scale and character.”

• Modernisation of the Army Joining NATO entailed the transformation and modernisation of the Polish armed forces of the Polish army. The funds spent on adapting the Polish armed forces to NATO standards can be seen best in the organisational structure, armaments or military equipment. Polish soldiers are very well trained and qualified. Thanks to numerous exercises within NATO Polish soldiers have considerable reconnaissance, operational abilities and are capable of co-operating with other armed forces.

The issue of financing Poland’s armed forces should be mentioned here. The government of Jerzy Buzek adopted regulations providing for permanent outlays on defence equal to approximately 1.89% of the GDP per annum. Currently, in 2016, the government has allocated 2% of the GDP to the Polish armed forces, which amounts to nearly PLN 36 billion.

Poland’s membership in the Alliance also means that we have to pay contributions to NATO’s budgets: military (financing the commanding structures of NATO and their participation in the operations and missions of the Alliance), civilian (financing the costs of running NATO Headquarters) and that of the Nato Security Investment Programme (NSIP) which funds infrastructural investment projects. Poland is a beneficiary of the NSIP. Between 19992013, Poland’s contribution to this programme’s budget was approximately PLN 900 million. The funds from the NSIP budget invested in our country over 15 years total PLN 1.4 billion. This means a difference in our favour of nearly PLN 500 million. Currently, Poland is obligated to provide nearly 2.5% of the funds of the NSIP. Its budget in 2015 stood at EUR 910 million. Therefore, in 2015 Poland’s contribution to the NSIP was approximately EUR 22.7 million.

It should be stressed that in Poland funds from the NSIP budget were used not only to modernise the armed forces themselves, but also to improve the infrastructure associated with the armed forces, including airports, fuel depots and sea bases. Investments also included building an air defence system command post, a long-range radio-location reconnaissance system and preparing a communications system for the Navy.

It is difficult to predict the decisions of the NATO Summit in Warsaw. Will they change the existing order? Will they identify new threats such as cyber-terrorism or the intensifying fight against ISIS? Or maybe instead, they will uphold the main points of the North Atlantic Treaty which involve defending the borders of the allied countries?

Ambassador Douglas E. Lute, the United States ambassador to NATO, said: “I believe the Warsaw summit will be an obvious transition to a next stage. Why? Because now, in 2016, it’s evident that NATO as we’ve known it for the past 25 years is no longer up to date.”

So, what is up to date? What decisions should be expected?

• Source: mon.gov.pl

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THE ALLIANCE WILL BE STRONGER AND MORE FLEXIBLE President Andrzej Duda with Secretary General of NATO Jens Stoltenberg on the eve of the NATO Summit in Warsaw

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Photo: Prezydent.pl

S

ince joining NATO Poland has shown that it is an important and committed ally of the Alliance – these strong words were spoken by NATO’s Secretary General Jens Stoltenberg after his meeting with President Andrzej Duda at the Alliance HQ. The conversation concerned preparations for the July NATO Summit in Warsaw.

“Since joining NATO Poland has been a very strong and committed ally. Today, hundreds of Polish soldiers operate in Afghanistan and Kosovo,” said Jens Stoltenberg. The head of NATO also mentioned joint land, air and sea exercises.

Poland is committed not just militarily but also politically. On many occasions it has supported its NATO partners. Jens Stoltenberg also referred to the increased spending on the Polish armed forces. “Currently, Poland spends 2% of its GDP on defence – 30% of these 2% are expenditures on modern equipment,” stressed the Secretary General of NATO. Referring to the July NATO Summit in Warsaw, Jens Stoltenberg said: “I trust that after the Summit in Warsaw the presence of the Alliance in Poland will be stronger than ever”.

“Now NATO has permanent military presence in this region which Poland is a significant part of and I believe that after the Warsaw Summit we will see an even bigger presence of NATO in Poland than at any time before,” the Secretary General said.

“We all must make sure that when we end this Summit, the Alliance will be stronger and more flexible and as faithful as ever to the values underpinning NATO, such as democracy, freedom of the individual and the rule of law,” he said. These values are an important source of our unity, and this unity is our biggest strength.

Addressing Andrzej Duda, the Secretary General of NATO said: “I am looking forward to working with you during the preparations for the Warsaw Summit. Once again, welcome at the main headquarters.”

During a press conference Stoltenberg was asked by journalists about the chances for increasing NATO’s military presence on the

eastern flank of the Alliance in the context of Russia’s role in the fight against terrorism.

He stressed that NATO cannot allow itself the luxury of choosing between a response to the challenges coming from the South and the challenges from the East. We must deal with both matters at the same time.

“NATO must respond to the increasingly aggressive Russian policy of expanding its military potential near our borders. At the same time we must also respond to the disorder, violence and instability in the South, (...) and the threats coming from North Africa and the Middle East,” said Stoltenberg.

President Andrzej Duda said: “The purpose of the July NATO Summit in Warsaw will be to strengthen security in Central Europe and the southern flank of the Alliance.”

“These are the two areas where strengthening security is particularly needed today, assuming two fundamental elements. First, that NATO is a joint alliance with 28 countries sharing the responsibility for their security. Second, that this security is indivisible, meaning that (...) NATO must be adequately prepared to face threats, must be alive and respond to the changing situation,” said President Duda.

NATO members set three objectives before the Summit: it must be universal, future-looking and must make decisions.

President Andrzej Duda said: “Universal, meaning that we formulate a response during this Summit and make decisions regarding security of Central Europe as well as of the southern flank of NATO, their strengthening. Futurelooking, meaning that the decisions made are up to date and constitute a vision regarding future developments and our protection against them. We also want it to make decisions – specific decisions regarding strengthening the defence and deterrent potential, since today this is the most important matter.”

The Warsaw NATO Summit will be held on July 8-9, 2016 at PGE Narodowy Stadium. Some 2,500 delegates are expected in Poland, including heads of state and government, and the UN, EU and World Bank leaders. The heads of delegations will also meet in the Presidential Palace, in the room where the Warsaw Treaty was signed in 1955. The choice of Poland as the venue of the next summit was announced at the summit in • Wales in September 2014.

Source: PAP, TVP Info

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“POLISH MARKET” WERE PRESENT AT THE WASHINGTON SUMMIT IN 1999

„To wielki dzień dla Polski, jak i dla milionów Polaków, rozproszonych po wszystkich kontynentach. Polska wraca na zawsze tam, gdzie jest jej miejsce: do wolnego świata. Polska już nie jest osamotniona w obronie swojej wolności.

Jesteśmy w NATO dla naszej i waszej wolności.”

Bronisław Geremek, Minister Spraw Zagranicznych Polski, 12 marca 1999 r.

“This is a great day for Poland, for millions of Poles scattered across all continents. Poland is returning to its rightful place: to the free world. Poland is no longer alone in the defence of its freedom. We are in NATO for our freedom and yours.”

Bronisław Geremek, Poland’s Minister of Foreign Affairs, March 12, 1999.

Krystyna Woźniak-Trzosek

W

Monument to Tadeusz Kościuszko at West Point

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hen in April 1999 I boarded a plane flying from Warsaw to Washington and carrying the Polish government delegation headed by the then Prime Minister Jerzy Buzek, I thought about the beautiful and moving words of a Polish minister (quoted above). I realised that we were flying to free America to take part in the 50th jubilee NATO Summit as its fully-fledged member.

It was the first summit for our country, because we had become a member of this most powerful military alliance in the world just one month earlier, on March 12, 1999. This meant receiving guarantees of security under Article 5 of the Washington Treaty, but also a strengthening of our role, importance and prestige in international markets. And building Poland’s prestige and positive image abroad is the mission of my publication – the English-language “Polish Market” magazine which this year celebrates its 20th anniversary.

I thought with pride of the great Poles whose names are known all over America: Tadeusz Kościuszko, Kazimierz Pułaski and Włodzimierz Krzyżanowski. Very soon I could see for myself how famous and valued they were in the United States.

The Polish delegation, including President Aleksander Kwaśniewski, Premier Jerzy Buzek, ministers, as well as journalists and other accompanying persons, checked in to the lowest Marriott hotel I had ever seen, in accordance with the rule that no building in Washington may be taller than the Capitol, the seat of the US Congress.

The Summit was held at the Ronald Reagan Centre. Its participants took a number of important decisions, including: • The Washington Declaration concerning the “open doors principle” for future members, • The “Alliance for the 21st Century” Declaration presenting a new vision of the Alliance in the 21st century, entailing, among others, enhancing the defence capabilities of NATO or the initiative against weapons of mass destruction.

Moreover, discussions were held in the United States Capitol. I had a chance to participate in a political meeting. I personally experienced cordiality, friendship and caring for Polish affairs from US Senator

U.S. Senator Edward Kennedy and Krystyna Woźniak-Trzosek, President and Editor-in-chief of Polish Market at a meeting in the United States Capitol, Washington

Arlington National Cemetery, the grave site of the U.S. President J.F. Kennedy and his family

United States Military Academy at West Point in the former fortification designed

by Tadeusz Kościuszko

Prime Minister Jerzy Buzek places flowers at the Monument to Tadeusz Kościuszko in the presence of a Polish cadet

Krystyna Woźniak-Trzosek at the Monument to Tadeusz Kościuszko

Edward Kennedy who told me about the history of his family and country. He was also very interested in Polish attitude towards NATO and Polish expectations regarding Polish-american co-operation.

During that stay in Washington, together with Prime Minister Buzek and a number of persons from the Polish delegation, I was given an opportunity to visit the famous United States Military Academy at West Point located 80 km from New York on the River Hudson, where one of the important symbols was our great compatriot, Tadeusz Kościuszko, the creator of the high status of this elite academy. A monument to Tadeusz Kościuszko stands in a central spot at West Point where all important events take place and where the Polish delegation was greeted.

It is worth reminding that this great Pole became an engineer in the American Army in 1776. He contributed to the victory at Saratoga, where he supervised the fortification works. In recognition of his engineering skills, the commander of the American forces and future first US President, George Washington, entrusted to him the construction of the West Point fort on the River Hudson.

The successes of Tadeusz Kościuszko in building the fortifications were recognised and in 1783 he received the rank of Brigadier General and a remuneration in the form of land and a financial award. He used his

income received from the American Army to buy out and educate black slaves and the executor of Kościuszko’s testament was Thomas Jefferson. Also Kazimierz Pułaski, a hero of the United States, honorary citizen, referred to as the father of the US cavalry, was indirectly connected to West Point. On September 11, 1777, he saved the life of George Washington during the battle at Brandywine and was killed two years later during the battle at Savannah. The news reached George Washington in West Point and on that day, November 17, 1779, the commander of the American Army issued an order according to which that day’s password was “Pułaski” and response “Poland.”

We should also remember Włodzimierz Krzyżanowski, a Polish hero of the Civil War, who occupies an elevated position in the history of the United States comparable to that of Kościuszko and Pulaski. Abraham Lincoln appointed him general in the Northern Army. Fifty years after his death, in 1937, President Theodore Roosevelt ordered his ashes to be moved to the famous Arlington National Cemetery near Washington.

The achievements of our predecessors were the values contributed by them to the history of mankind. They should be a model for us and for future generations.

At every NATO summit we must remember that we live on earth – the planet of people – and we all want to feel safe • and secure.

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THE STRATEGY OF PGZ (POLSKA GRUPA ZBROJENIOWA, POLISH ARMAMENTS GROUP)

The Government Plan for Sustainable Development precisely defines the actions to be undertaken in the area of security of individuals. The government’s decision to establish the supervision of the Minister of Defence over Polska Grupa Zbrojeniowa S.A. gave the company a task that is vital for the national defence purposes. After a two-year period of consolidation of the defence industry enterprises, PGZ is ready to implement the Polish Armed Forces Technical Modernisation Plan.

T

he establishment and expansion of a company that is capable to render manufacturing and other services for national defence gives more opportunities to the defence sector. PGZ is the largest entity in the Central and Eastern Europe that aims at meeting every need to boost the national defence potential. A few weeks ago, the Management Board of the company, composed of Arkadiusz Siwko, the President, and Maciej Lew-Mirski, the Vice-President, announced the new strategy of PGZ. After the presentation of the strategy, the following representatives of authorities: Bartosz Kownacki, Secretary of State at the Ministry of Defence; Jarosław Brysiewicz, Deputy Head of the National Security Bureau; Michał Jach, Chairman of the National Defence Committee of the parliament and Professor Tomasz Siemiątkowski, PhD, Chairman of the Supervisory Board of PGZ stressed that the company had well set new strategic goals, adequately assessing the current economic and geopolitical challenges.

The new strategy of PGZ comprises 4 goals. The first one is for PGZ to become a strategic element of the national security system. This results from Article 3 of the North Atlantic Treaty, which stipulates that the parties, separately

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and jointly, will maintain and develop their individual and collective capacity to resist armed attack. Therefore, to that end, PGZ will increase the defence industry manufacturing capacity in Poland. PGZ will develop the production of key elements of equipment and weapons, including spare parts. PGZ will also increase its competence in equipment servicing.

PGZ as a leader in a knowledge-based economy and reindustrialisation – this is the second strategic goal of the company. We want to integrate of training activities within the corporate group and give priority to the development of employee competences. By becoming an organisation promoting a knowledge-based economy, PGZ will tighten the co-operation with universities and research institutes and will support the SME sector thus contributing to the economic development of the country. PGZ intends to collaborate with smaller companies in the area of new technologies and use their intellectual capital.

PGZ is also focused on building sustainable partnerships in manufacturing, research and development. The Company will integrate the research and development activities carried out at corporate group level by creating the PGZ Innovation Centre. PGZ believes that the transfer of

AN INNOVATIVE DEFENCE INDUSTRY, OFFERING TOPQUALITY PRODUCTS IS THE MOST EFFECTIVE INSTRUMENT THAT CAN GIVE US THE COMPETITIVE EDGE ON INTERNATIONAL MARKETS.

Arkadiusz Siwko

technology and modernisation of production facilities are vital. Based on innovative technologies and top-quality products, PGZ aims to become a fixed link of the international supply chain in the defence industry.

To improve co-operation and partnership in manufacturing, research and development, the Company is planning to establish an Innovation Centre which will integrate the research and development activities of PGZ. The Company is also working on organising specialisation at plant and Group level. It will co-ordinate the processes of technology transfer and modernisation of each company and will assure analytical support in negotiations related to the execution of technical modernization programmes in terms of defining the PGZ’s opportunities to become a part of international supply chains.

All this will contribute to the achievement of PGZ’s fourth strategic goal – strengthening its position on the global weapons market and developing competitive exports.

“PGZ understands national security primarily as supplying our forces with top-quality weapons and equipment,” said Arkadiusz Siwko, the President of the Management Board of PGZ S.A. “In the coming years the Group will be focusing on the search for and completion of orders for the military, as part of the technical modernisation plan. Concurrently, while planning operations for the next years, we are driven by business rationality. Therefore, we are launching parallel processes that will contribute to the development of production for the civilian market. The arms industry is a sector which requires continuous technological progress and constant work on a modern economic model. That is why we are aiming at boosting the competence of PGZ through the transfer of technology from partners and acquisition of new enterprises, the inclusion of which in the Group will provide grounds to build our competitive advantage. An equally important aspect of PGZ’s operation is to increase exports and expand into foreign markets with a competitive product line. We are trying to include the research community in the national defence sector modernisation process, to develop innovative technological solutions for the Polish arms industry, based on our intellectual capital. An innovative defence industry, offering top-quality products is the most effective instrument that can give us the competitive edge on international markets. We want to build a durable pillar for the economic development of the country,” Arkadiusz Siwko, the President of the Management Board of PGZ S.A., said.

PGZ is consistently carrying out the goals specified in the strategy. PGZ is open to foreign partners, which is demonstrated by signing a number of letters of intent with arms enterprises from abroad. To achieve the transfer of innovative technologies to the Polish defence industry, PGZ wants to build strategic alliances which will boost the development of the sector as part of the Polish Armed Forces Technical Modernisation Plan.

Vital elements of the strategy of PGZ include the high technology, space technology and the cyber-defence sector.

PGZ, as an organisation striving to assure national security, is dynamically responding to changes in the international environment and to new forms of handling conflicts that accompany the globalisation process.

PGZ brings together more than 60 enterprises in the defence sector and employs over 17,000 people. As a supplier of arms and equipment for the military, the company contributes to boosting the defence potential of the entire NATO alliance. PGZ is open to co-operate with NATO allied countries. Thanks to using innovative technologies and focusing on research and development processes, PGZ offers modern products to increase security. PGZ’s products include a very short-range air defence system with the POPRAD missile launcher and SOŁA radar, GROM man-portable anti-aircraft system, E-310 unmanned aircraft system, ROSOMAK wheeled armoured vehicle, KRAB self-propelled tracker howitzer and BERYL assault rifle as individual equipment. PGZ is also authorised to design, construct and equip ships, as well as service equip• ment.

Source: PGZ

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POLISH PRODUCTS CAN SUCCESSFULLY

COMPETE WITH

IMPORTS RYSZARD KARDASZ, President of PCO S.A. , talks to “Polish Market”.

In 2016, PCO SA celebrates its 40th anniversary. During the official Gala you said that the company would not have achieved its successes and would not have built a strong market position without a strategic plan, investments in the development of thermal imaging, optoelectronic systems and research and development work. What is the strategy of the company for the future? Are your plans connected mostly with Polska Grupa Zbrojeniowa (Polish Armaments Group, PGZ)?

The consolidation of the Polish defence industry was a very important event for us.

Thanks to it we can now pursue with greater effectiveness our activities in a number of wider projects relating, among others, to the modernisation of the Polish Armed Forces, requiring participation of different companies and combining their potential.

Our current priority is participation in the operational programmes of the Armed Forces PM

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Technical Modernisation Plan for the years 2013-2022 connected with the profile of the Company’s activity. We participate, among others, in the TYTAN Advanced Individual Combat System project designing the kit of the Polish soldier of the future. We co-ordinate the work of a consortium consisting of 13 entities implementing this project.

Moreover, our products are used in the modernisation of the equipment used by armoured and mechanised army units, including Leopard 2 tanks. We have joined the consortium working on this project and the tanks modernisation contracts signed in December 2015 enable us to further extend our line and develop production. We are designing new thermal imaging cameras constituting a component of fire control systems. They will replace foreign-made devices with inferior parameters.

A thermal imaging camera modernisation set, allowing replacing imported cameras with

our KLW-1 ASTERIA camera, is already being used by the Polish Armed Forces to modernise its PT-91 tanks. We want the Polish Armed Forces to buy more devices of this type as part of its modernisation plan.

Our projects also include participation in designing a Polish unmanned turret for the Rosomak armoured personnel carrier. We deliver the optoelectronic systems required for its proper functioning, such as optoelectronic heads.

Besides, we aim at acquiring new foreign customers. This task is made easier thanks to our membership in the Polish Armaments Group.

PCO SA is a highly innovative company.

How do you respond to the government’s announcements regarding support for innovation?

All initiatives in support of innovation are good, particularly since the defence sector too PM

supplies many technologies which may also find a civilian application. Without the co-operation with the authorities on the one hand and the scientific community on the other hand it would not be possible to effectively modernise industry.

In optoelectronics one simply must follow the latest global trends. We cannot afford to lag behind because our products must be competitive. We have already introduced many technologies allowing us to manufacture modern products, for instance by using aspherical optical elements reducing the weight and size of devices.

PCO SA also participates in such undertakings. We belong to the Polish Photonics Technology Platform (PPTP), a joint venture of enterprises, universities and research institutes operating in Poland in the area of photonics, which fits the approach of the European Union towards the most innovative branches of the economy in Europe. I am the Platform’s co-ordinator. It has one aim – to make Polish photonics a significant and recognised European player by the year 2030.

I believe that the development of innovation also requires co-operation with the world of science. We pursue such collaboration not only in the Programmes of the Photonics Technology Platform, but also during specific projects. It is very fruitful and allows us to extend the product range on the basis of the potential of the scientific community.

One of the results has been the development

by PCO SA, together with the Air Force Institute of Technology, of the SWPL-1 CYKLOP flight parameters display system for pilots of Mi-17 helicopters.

Once a year we organise, together with the Military University of Technology, PPTP and the Warsaw University of Technology, the Optoelectronic Conference which is a forum for exchanging experiences and information between the Polish Armed, the defence sector and the world of science.

We hear a lot about the modernisation of the armed forces. Should Polish companies be favoured in tendering procedures?

Polish products can successfully compete with imports, as shown by the products offered by PCO SA They have won numerous awards, both at Polish and international exhibitions. Moreover, Polish defence industry companies deliver complete solutions.

This means that together with the equipment they provide technical support, spare part, and upgrades in accordance with the needs of the user. Many of our products have been modernised as a result of comments made by the Polish Armed Forces and other uniformed services. Users of our products can PM

I BELIEVE THAT THE DEVELOPMENT OF INNOVATION REQUIRES COOPERATION WITH THE WORLD OF SCIENCE.

also contact us and obtain information necessary for the most effective utilisation of optoelectronic equipment.

Foreign technologies usually do not offer such flexible response to requirements. The ability to interfere with the products is also limited. Customers are also often not given all the related source codes.

Besides, thanks to the use of domestic technologies, we are able to launch them faster and more effectively in the civilian market, and optoelectronic technologies have a wide range of applications there. In the near future PCO SA plans to launch the PNL-3M ORLIK civilian night-vision goggles.

The fact that the defence industry provides jobs to a large group of people, including highly qualified specialists, should not be overlooked either.

In May, two foreign delegations: from Saudi Arabia and Armenia, visited your headquarters. Have these visits led to the conclusion of specific contracts? Which products of the company proved to be of particular interest to the visitors?

We always present our latest products to our guests. In this case they included optoelectronic heads and PNL-2 ADM SZPAK nightvision goggles. In the case of the so-called post-Soviet states we offer modernisation of vehicles such as tanks from the T-72 family.

PM

PM

PCO SA took part in the Pro Defense fair held in early September. Which products did you present there?

We mostly presented equipment for individual soldiers, including our flagship products such as the MU-3M KOLIBER night-vision monocular and the SCT RUBIN sight. In addition, we showed a set of daytime DCM-1 SZAFIR modular day sight, PNL-2ADM SZPAK night-vision goggles, PNL-3M ORLIK aviation night-vision goggles and our NPL-1T AGAT thermal imaging binoculars.

We also presented optoelectronic heads and thermal imaging cameras which can be used in vehicles and air defence systems. They included the KLW-1 ASTERIA thermal imaging camera and the GOC-1 NIKE optoelectronic head.

The TYTAN programme offering equipment for individual soldiers is very important to PCO SA. Which elements of the kit you want to supply to the Polish Armed Forces?

Under the TYTAN programme we supply optoelectronic equipment such viewfinders or monoculars. They are a development of our earlier products.

Additionally, there are devices integrated with other elements of the soldier’s kit. Therefore, we co-ordinate not just the preparation of individual products but a complete system.

In doing so we follow the latest global trends and meet the requirements set by the Polish Armed Forces.

We hope that the TYTAN programme will be developed to add further groups of products, for instance, improving the ability to monitor the battlefield. Thanks to this we will be able to offer further new optoelectronic products.

• PM

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PIT-RADWAR S.A.

A LEADER IN DEFENCE SECTOR

PIT-RADWAR S.A. is one of the leading providers of professional electronic equipment for the Polish Armed Forces. PIT-RADWAR S.A.’s services cover the full cycle of product supply - from defining requirements, through research and development, design works, manufacturing, up to logistic support for users.

RADAR SYSTEMS The Company created a family of modern semiconductor radars for L, S, C and X bands. Apart from innovative research projects, PIT-RADWAR also offers radars that are already being used by the Polish Armed Forces. These are, for instance, TRS-15, SOŁA or RZRA LIWIEC. TRS-15 (3D Mobile Medium Range Surveillance Radar) is a 3-band radar characterised by instrumented range of 240 km, used as a source of radiolocation information for air defence command and control systems. The radar is used to fill in the gaps in radiolocation coverage. It has the capacity to detect low-flying targets, is highly mobile and has a very short deployment time. It permits wide cooperation with system environment. After adding the sea channel functionality, radar works as a sensor for coastal missile systems.

LIWIEC Weapon Locating Radar is designed to operate in an integrated artillery command and control system as well as with single fire units. In the Polish Armed Forces it is a reconnaissance element allowing for automatic detection, reconnaissance and identification of active firing assets of the enemy as well as for correcting artillery fire in the range of up to 40 km. Short deployment and completion periods facilitate quick manoeuvres and change of operating position. The design of the station and its working schedule guarantee low probability of interception by electronic warfare and increase the survivability of the system during intensified military actions. The capacity of the system has been tested and proven in combat

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during the mission of the Polish contingent in Afghanistan.

SOŁA Relocatable Radar is designed to detect and track airborne targets while working with short range air defence systems (SHORAD).

Radar output data provide full information on the detected target, including three coordinates, speed, course and classification of helicopters as a separate category of targets. Apart from typical airborne targets, the radar detects UAVs and mortar rounds.

WEAPON SYSTEMS PIT-RADWAR S.A. also offers the design and integration of modern firing assets (effectors) dedicated for very short range air defence (VSHORAD) systems, e.g. POPRAD Anti-Aircraft Mobile Missile Launcher which will be included in the national air defence system. The system is armed with very short range missiles (GROM/PIORUN) and is designed to detect, identify and destroy airborne targets with the distance of up to 6 km and flying at altitudes of up to 3.5 km. Thanks to the cooperation with the reconnaissance system and autonomous passive system for detection and tracking of targets, the launcher is difficult to detect and resistant to interferences.

The company’s research and development activities are also focused on designing artillery systems with programmable ammunition that complements the missile systems. A good example is the 35 mm calibre anti-aircraft battery.

PIT-RADWAR has developed two types of towed anti-aircraft guns: guns with programmable A-35 target sight and guns with an electrooptic AG-35 tracking head. The guns are firing assets for the currently developed anti-aircraft very short range air defence battery (VSHORAD).

Computer and communication subsystems are designed to optimise the management of subordinate firing assets and cooperation with the superior command system. Means of communication of the WG-35 warhead transportation vehicle, on which the firing control system has been set up, allow the wireless and wired control of eight 35mm guns.

A-35 and AG-35 guns may use any 35mm ammunition, though for combat purposes PITRADWAR recommends two types: programmable (range of 4000 m) and subcalibre (range of 5500 m) ammunition. Two types of ammunition may be loaded into the gun’s magazine thanks to a double-sided feeding system. It makes the guns ready to destroy any threat at battlefield.

Apart from the above-mentioned A-35 and AG35 guns, the battery also includes a short-range radar, e.g. SOŁA/Bystra, command vehicle (see “Pilica” project) and WG-35 firing control vehicle. The command vehicle may work with POPRAD missile launchers.

The automatic KDA 35mm naval gun is a modern direct defence system. The gun is equipped with a 35mm KDA automatic weapon with double-sided belt-fed ammunition system (2 magazines housing 100 shells each). The gun propulsion system, stabilised both in azimuth and elevation, assures high dynamics and precision of movement. Thanks to the innovative use of electric motors in the propulsion system,

SOŁA Relocatable Radar mechanical backlashes are dynamically eliminated. The gun is controlled from the inside of the ship, from the command station, using the operator’s control panel. In the process of target detection, interception and destruction, the operator is considerably supported by advanced computer systems developed and built as part of the project.

RECONNAISSANCE, COMMAND AND CONTROL SUPPORT SYSTEMS (C4ISR) The C4ISR systems are equipped with tools to support the decision making process and assist in combat (control over military actions in combat). PIT-RADWAR specialises in C4ISR systems for air defence and land forces. The company develops systems that meet the net-centric architecture requirements and is a domestic leader in their integration.

The component element of C4ISR systems is their software which is a decisive factor for their functionality. Thanks to the software the automation system components support the full armed forces command and control cycle. The systems ensure the monitoring, presentation and distribution of the current situation in the air space – RAP (Recognise Air Picture) and on the ground - RGP (Recognise Ground Picture) using a digital map. The systems support the process of military action planning - they gather and collect information on the status of forces and assets, assure the planning of actions in a dispersed system, distribute orders and reports, assist in the decision-making regarding the use of warfare in the process of combat control.

The key products for the air defence system include DUNAJ, which integrates information from radars deployed in the Republic of Poland and which is responsible for RAP in the domestic air space as well as the PRZELOT-SAMOC system, which supports the decision-making at the anti-aircraft defence station organised by the Missile Brigade. One should not overlook such systems as ŁOWCZA/REGA for Air Defence Forces of the Land Forces and the WOŁCZENICA system for electronic reconnaissance. These systems are being continuously developed.

The SZAFRAN system is a key product for the Land Forces.

It is successfully used by the Multinational Corps Northeast.

The upgraded SZAFRAN system was accepted by MNCNE to be used for command and control purposes between 2015 and 2018. Since 2007 the SZAFRAN system has supported command activities of MNCNE. This is the only Polish command system designed for the Land Forces that is being constantly and actively used. SZAFRAN has successfully worked with the SHAPE (LC2IS) command and control system, common operational and tactical picture system (NCOP), system of the 1st Dutch-German Corps (HEROS) and with specialised systems assuring situational awareness of the NATO Joint Operation Centre. Currently, PIT-RADWAR is working on a new version of software for the Land Forces system under the working name of FENIKS. Two options of the system are being developed: FENIKS-C2IS for the WIERZBA system (successor to the SZAFRAN system) and FENIKS-BMS for ROSOMAK-BMS combat management system. This software has been developed using the state-of-the-art IT technology and experience gained during the development of the SZA• FRAN system.

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FUTURE SOLDIER

– TITANIC EFFORT OF MODERNISATION

Titans – divine beings preceding the Olympian deities. Colloquially, they mean people who demonstrate outstanding physical strength, resistance and fortitude.

This is how the Ministry of Defence called one of its 14 Polish Armed Forces modernisation programmes. The programme focuses on the equipment of the soldier of the future. The Tytan (in English: Titan) programme, i.e. the Advanced Individual Combat System, is supposed to provide the soldiers with new generation weapons, uniforms and communications equipment.

The programme was launched in 2007. It is being carried out by a group of 13 enterprises, with PCO as the leader. Under the programme, between 2018 and 2022, the armed forces will be supplied with 14,000 complete sets of equipment.

Marcin Haber

FUTURE SOLDIER The Ministry’s programme makes a considerable impression. It is revolutionary, especially when it comes to the equipment of infantry troops. As part of the programme, Polish soldiers will receive mainly new weapons and accessories, uniforms, optical instruments and modern ammunition.

Assumptions of the Tytan Programme: • application of digital technologies, advanced surveillance instruments and means of communication • modular weapons, ballistic protection and sensors boosting security and combat capacity of soldiers

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•

•

•

•

assuring optimum integration of modern weapons and equipment, combined with professional military action preparation and management compatibility with communication and IT systems installed in ground vehicles and aircraft (helicopters, UAVs) possibility of including the equipment in the command, reconnaissance and tactical information sharing systems, including the cooperation with the BMS system easy to expand and modernise in future, possibility to include the development of new technologies, experience gained in training and handling military actions in peace-keeping and stabilisation operations

MSBS The very heart of the programme and the most spectacular element is the MSBS -5,56 modular assault rifle, a modern weapon to replace the Kalashnikovs and Kalashnikov-based Beryls used to date. The modular structure allows to create a series of design solutions using the base elements, i.e. barrel, receiver, slide.

Quick modification of the weapon by end user, if needed. Highly ergonomic and adapted for left and right handed users. Designed for the contemporary and future battlefield. This is a revolution also in the global context. Thanks to the modular design of the rifle, the soldiers will be able to adjust the weapon to their needs and preferences prior to combat. Ideally, the

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commanding officer will not have to tell the soldier which weapon to take into combat. The commanding officer will tell the soldiers what the task is and they will configure the weapon in line with their needs using the available components. It is worth mentioning that the latest product of Fabryka Broni (Weapons Factory) has been given a positive opinion also by foreign observers.

OPTICS This is an area of expertise of PCO, the PGZ group’s leader.

PCO’s flagship products soon to comprise the equipment of the future soldier include the top-class MU-3M KOLIBER night vision monocular. This is a state-of-the-art night vision device designed for night surveillance by an individual. It is one of the lightest night vision devices in the world.

When mounted on a rifle, it can be used as a night vision sight (together with collimator and holographic sights). The device may also be mounted on the bridge and used as night vision goggle by vehicle drivers. The monocular may be installed on any helmet, using standard mounts, e.g. the MU-3 monocular mount. Also the SCT RUBIN thermal sight will be used. Moreover, a wide range of other products useful in combat is available. PCO’s advantage is the combination of operation in the innovative technologies environment and a history of 40 years.

AMMUNITION A modern rifle is not everything. The modular design of MSBS allows the use of various extra components, e.g. a 40 mm grenade launcher. This is where other enterprises operating within Polska Grupa Zbrojeniowa (PGZ), Mesko and Dezamet come in. The first one is responsible for supplying 5.56 calibre ammunition for the rifles manufactured in Radom and

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for other weapons at the soldier’s disposal. Dezamet is a topclass manufacturer of grenades compatible with the 40 mm grenade launcher, as well as mortar missiles and hand grenades. Both companies will equip the Polish future soldier with gear necessary for combat.

COMMUNICATION Radmor, Bumar Elektronika and WB Electronics are working on Tytan’s communication, data transmission, friendfoe identification and enemy detection warning systems. The future soldier will not only be able to use voice communication, but also transmit video feed from the helmet-mounted mini-camera, receive tactical data or the coordinates marking the position of friendly or enemy forces – all thanks to a modern data transmission system. Antennae are built in the uniform and protections, and the equipment may be charged cordless e.g. while travelling in a transporter.

UNIFORM Maskpol’s uniforms and armour designed based on a laser scan of the human body will offer the soldiers individual protection. The specially designed helmet (HBKO-1) and the integrated, multi-layer bullet and anti-fragmentation vests will be adapted for carrying advanced electronic equipment. The Life Monitoring Module developed in the Military Institute of Aviation Medicine will notify, on an ongoing basis, thanks to this solution, the soldier’s condition and even fatigue will be monitored in real time.

The purpose of the Tytan programme is to completely modernise the equipment of the Polish soldiers. It is a decisive step towards the replacement of the gear based on obsolete technology. It is also aimed by increasing the operational comfort and effectiveness of the Polish armed forces.

•

MESKO Spó³ka Akcyjna MESKO Spó³ka Akcyjna Legionów 122, 26-111 Skar¿ysko-Kamienna

122 Legionów St, PL 26-111 Skar¿ysko-Kamienna tel:+48 41 253 30 00 fax: +48 41 252 02 80

www.mesko.com.pl

“SHOW OF FORCE” IN THE RUN-UP TO THE NATO SUMMIT IN POLAND

“

We all must build the country’s territorial defence. We must build it together – you, the army, industry, local authorities, the entire school and education system,” Antoni Macierewicz, Minister of Defence, stressed in his speech during the opening of the Pro Defense Fair 2016.

The Pro Defense Fair was held in early June at the Expo Mazury Exhibition and Conference Centre in Ostróda, northern Poland. The event was visited by 35,000 people from Poland. The fair was accompanied by the Pro Defense Organisations Congress and a rally of pupils from military classes from all over Poland. The Pro Defense Fair was the first event of this type in the country to address every aspect of national defence, not just the military, but also the territorial force.

Antoni Macierewicz, Minister of Defence

MILITARY TECHNOLOGY AT YOUR FINGERTIPS The latest military equipment was presented during the fair. Visitors could see tanks such as the Leopard 2A4 and 2A5, PT-91 Twardy, Rosomak, BWP-1 and M-ATV MRAP vehicle. The Air Force also presented its hardware including pilotless aircraft such as the Orbiter v. 2014, BSL Fly Eye, the pilotless E-310 air system and SW-4 Puszczyk, its piloted brother.

The Navy also had to be present at the fair. Although visitors could not see any military vessels, the Navy made available some of its vehicles such as: the Zodiac FC-470, GAVIA automatic underwater vehicle or DPD – an underwater vehicle for use by scuba divers.

Hand-held arms were also presented at the event. The latest carbine shown during Pro Defense was the MSBS, i.e. the Module Small Arms System calibre 5.56 mm manufactured by Łucznik.

However, apart from the MSBS, visitors could also see approximately one hundred pieces of handguns and machine guns. Another interesting exhibit was the RGP–40 repeatable grenade launcher, a heavier element of every soldier’s kit.

The organisers prepared lots of attractions for the participants.

Visitors could use numerous simulators, such as a roll-over simulator, 3D driving simulator, anti-aircraft simulator or try out the SECTRA anatomical table or the PILOT F-16 high altitude rescue kit.

For those more interested in armaments, every exhibition hall contained the Cyklop 5S shooting trainers. Those who were interested in robotics were given a unique opportunity to operate the Expert K 04 support-neutralisation robot.

TERRITORIAL DEFENCE AS THE MAIN TOPIC OF PRO DEFENSE The Pro Defense Fair was not just an opportunity to see the assortment offered by Poland’s armaments sector, but also provided a unique chance to expand knowledge of the co-operation between pro-defence organisations and the armed forces. This subject was widely discussed during the Pro-Defense Organisations

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Antoni Macierewicz, Minister of Defence and Ryszard Kardasz president of PCO S.A. and PIT-RADWAR S.A.

Congress and during a scientific conference entitled “The Role of Pro-Defense Organisations in the State Security System.”

The Fair was accompanied by numerous demonstrations performed by the best-trained Polish special forces units. During the first day of the events visitors could see demonstrations by Formoza and sea rescue organised on the Lake Sajmino. The Special Unit of the Military Police carried out a mock operation to free hostages held in a coach.

The Fair was also accompanied by a rally of students of the military classes. The meeting of these young people in Ostróda provided an opportunity for learning more about the training, procedures, tactics and organisation and the use of the latest technologies in various uniformed forces. In the course of the Rally its participants could familiarise themselves with various types of armaments and the character of service in individual forces as well as obtain information on the requirements and qualifications necessary to pursue a chosen career path, also in the armed forces. Theory was supplemented with an intensive programme of field practice carried out at training stations.

Minister Antoni Macierewicz thanked the young people, saying: “You are here not because you have been following orders.

Nobody forced you to come here. You are here because you were guided by your love of the Homeland, by the simplest and oldest response to the soldier’s greetings: ‘Glory to the Homeland’.

I thank you for this.”

The Pro Defense Fair was co-organised by the Ministry of Defence.

•

BASE IN REDZIKOWO READY BY 2018 “This is a really important day for Poland, for NATO, for Europe, an important day for peace in Europe and the world,” said Antoni Macierewicz, Minister of Defence, officially inaugurating the construction of a missile defence base on May 13, 2016. “Installing this missile defence base is aimed at increasing the security of Poland and its allies and is not an aggressive move,” he added.

T

he official inauguration of the construction of the base was attended

by Polish President Andrzej Duda, as well as by US Deputy Defence Secretary Robert Work, Romanian Minister of Defence Mihnea Ioan Motoc, Polish Minister of Foreign Affairs Witold Waszczykowski, Assistant to the General Secretary of NATO Patrick Auroy, representatives of the highest State authorities in Poland and other States hosting elements of the American missile defence system in Europe, and representatives of the local government in the Słupsk region.

President Andrzej Duda said: “The missile defence system will strengthen Poland’s security, being a permanent element of NATO’s infrastructure. Although Poland has been a NATO member for a number of years we have waited for a long time for the Alliance to enter Poland on a permanent, stable basis. This is exactly what is happening today.”

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All speakers stressed that the base was not aimed against anybody but only increased the security of Poland and all NATO members.

The Pentagon’s deputy chief Robert Work also made assurances regarding the motives behind the construction of the base, saying: “The NATO missile defence system is a defence system, fully compliant with all arms control agreements and is not aimed at Russia and will have no capacity to reduce the strategic deterrent potential of that country.”

He added that “the system is designed solely for the purpose of protecting allies, including Poland, against any threat posed by ballistic missiles from outside the Euro-Atlantic area.”

The installation in Redzikowo will be deployed as part of the European Phased Adaptive Approach (EPAA). The USA has adopted a plan of a gradual extension of the EPAA, adjusted to the growing missile threat. For these reasons the deployment of the system’s elements has been divided into three

stages, with each of them creating new, improved ballistic missile defence capabilities.

The first two have been implemented in accordance with the schedule (ed.: stage 1 is the presence of an American warship equipped with the Aegis BMD system and SM-3 IA intercepting missiles in the eastern part of the Mediterranean; stage 2 is the deployment of SM-3 IB missiles at the installation). The last, third phase has begun with the construction of the Redzikowo base.

The base in Redzikowo is intended for storing and launching the SM-3 (Standard Missile-3) Block IIA missiles. It will also contain a target monitoring and fire-control radar.

The SM-3 missiles are sea and land kinetic missiles designed to combat short- and medium-range kinetic missiles and form the core of the American Aegis ballistic system.

The legal basis for building the base is the Agreement Between the Government of the Republic of Poland and the Government of the United States of America Concerning the Deployment of Ground-Based Ballistic Missile Defense Interceptors in the Territory of the Republic of Poland, signed in Warsaw on August 20, 2008 and the Annexe Amending the Agreement Between the Government of the Republic of Poland and the Government of the United States of America Concerning the Deployment of Ground-Based Ballistic Missile Defense Interceptors in the Territory of the Republic of Poland, signed in Warsaw on August 20, 2008, signed in Kraków on July 3, 2010 (Journal of Laws of 2011, No. 219, item 1298).

The completion of the base in planned for 2018. It should then become an element of the Allied missile defence system.

• Source: mon.gov.pl

WE HAVE NO DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY FOR POLAND’S DEFENCE SECTOR SŁAWOMIR KUŁAKOWSKI, President of the Polish Chamber of National Defence Manufacturers, talks to Marcin Haber. either they have no product which could be sold abroad, or they lack export potential. Therefore, we must create for these companies conditions for development in the domestic market. We do this by maintaining contacts with the Ministry of Defence. We signed a co-operation agreement with it back in 1999. Of course, the agreement has been revised on several occasions, mostly following Poland’s accession to NATO and the European Union.

What is the current condition of the Polish defence industry? For some time now politicians have been emphasising the need to modernise the Polish armed forces on the basis of the domestic industry and its products. Does it translate into the development of companies?

Everything hinges on how an experiment in the form of the Polish Armaments Group (PGZ) is implemented. The PGZ strategy is aimed at carrying out an armed forces modernisation plan drawn up by the Ministry of Defence. This is done to a certain extent without looking at the economic aspects. However, in my opinion one cannot escape economics, in particular, if one wants to be competitive in foreign markets.

Politicians have assumed that things that can be manufactured in Poland will be supplied by our industry with the remaining solutions purchased from foreign companies. There is no country in the world completely self-sufficient in this regard. However, it is necessary to consider whether buying a given solution is really economical. Should we buy the entire production technology just for 20 missiles? Maybe it would be better to strike a deal: we buy these missiles, but in return we expect to be given the technology of making specific elements. Second, buying a technology without a license to sell the product made on its basis in other markets makes no economic sense. This is currently reflected in the export results of the Polish defence industry because we are unable to sell some of the products made under foreign licenses. The well-thouhgt-out promotion of PM

What are the main aims of the Chamber.

Who are your members and are your activities limited to Poland or do you also promote the Polish defence industry abroad?

We have existed since September 11, 1995.

However, we celebrate the anniversary on a slightly different date because 9/11 has very bad connotations due to the terrorist attack on the World Trade Center. Currently, our membership runs to 147 armament companies – practically all the largest players in this sector in Poland. We pursue two lines of activities. First, international co-operation where we organise trade missions, national stands at fairs or international conferences. We also collaborate with international organisations and associations of a profile similar to ours. We have concluded a total of 23 co-operation agreements with other countries, such as the USA and Canada, but also India and Indonesia. We are active in a NATO advisory organisation and in the European Defence Agency (EDA) for which we are the national contact point. All information coming from the EDA to the Polish industry goes through our Chamber.

It has to be remembered that a large number of our members are only interested in the domestic market. This is due to the fact that PM

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our products is also important from the point of view of exports.

We have no development strategy for Poland’s defence sector. There is a semi-strategy covering the segment co-owned by the State Treasury, meaning companies in the PGZ. But I have a feeling that we are going back a number of years forgetting about the private sector. Why is this sector not treated like Polish industry? Some consultants say that the private industry is the European industry. This is a huge misunderstanding. It is impossible to divide the industry into its Polish part centred around the PGZ and its private part, meaning foreign. This is highly unfair. Experts and advisers forget that the stronger the private industry, the stronger the PGZ and vice-versa. I am not aware of any PGZ product created without co-operation with the private sector.

Is this the only reason behind the weakness of our exports?

This is a very complicated situation. As already mentioned, we do not have a defence sector strategy. The last ended in 2012. No conclusions have been drawn from it and a new strategy aimed at changing certain legal regulations and offering tax breaks has not been created. The state should clearly indicate which part of the defence industry is important and offer it breaks to allow its better development.

The lack of such strategy also means that there is no programme defence industry for exports.

This is one of the few sectors where the customer is a state structure – the armed forces of another country.

PM

This market is different from others…

This is due to various prohibitions and restrictions, such as those imposed by the UN. Politics interfere with the defence sector. Therefore, the state must become involved in exports of products supplied by the Polish defence industry. The Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Defence must strongly commit to promoting our products.

• PM

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NATO MUST BE OPEN TO THE ASPIRATIONS OF ITS NEIGHBOURING COUNTRIES SŁAWOMIR DĘBSKI, Director of the Polish Institute of International Affairs (PISM), talks to “Polish Market”.

What are the expectations before the NATO Summit in Warsaw? Will it usher in any changes? Should the eastern flank of NATO be strengthened even further after the annexation of Crimea?

The NATO Summit in Warsaw will be an important stage in the Alliance’s adaptation process leading to the new strategic conditions. For 25 years, since the end of the Cold War, the basic assumption determining the European policy of NATO member states was that a new order had been created in Europe, based on the commitment of all European countries not to use war as an element of their foreign policy to resolve disputes between states. Thanks to this assumption, Europe was able to limit its defence expenditures and reduce armies. In order to maintain the political and military importance of NATO in transatlantic relations, Europe developed limited capabilities to conduct out-ofarea missions outside the treaty region, far from Europe. In this context, Lord Robertson urged European allies to invest in mobile capabilities because NATO made sense only as an institution able to counteract threats to peace in Europe coming from elsewhere.

Russia’s occupation of part of Georgian territory in 2008 followed by the aggression against Ukraine and the annexation of Crimea, Russian threats to use nuclear weapons in Europe have changed the situation. Russia takes a revisionist approach to the European order established after the Cold War and is prepared and able to use the armed forces to overthrow it. This creates a need to defend peace in Europe by strengthening the Alliance and increasing defence expenditures. The spectre of war has become real in Europe. Two years ago, the Alliance began the process of adapting to the new strategic conditions. In Newport NATO sent a political signal indicating its determination to perform its fundamental function and defend peace and security of all its members, including those neighbouring the revisionist Russia.

In Warsaw these political declarations will be supplemented by decisions on the deployment of NATO forces in the member states bordering Russia. The political objective of these decisions PM

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will be the creation of a real military potential used as a deterrent. For the first time in the history of the Alliance, NATO forces will be present on a permanent basis in the territory of its members neighbouring Russia. It is important to remember that the Warsaw Summit will not end the adaptation process. Changing the course of a huge tanker after 25 years of movement in one direction takes time. The Alliance will have to move from building a deterrent potential to shaping its potential allowing effective defence because there is nothing as effective as a real capability of repulsing any attack.

Should the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation accept new members?

The security of NATO is connected primarily with the policy of relinquishing war as a unilateral instrument of pursuing foreign policy and attaining its objectives. The more countries follow this principle and are prepared to defend it, the better. However, it is impossible to guarantee security of the Alliance only by defending the treaty area since many threats come from outside. Therefore, the Alliance must build capabilities for dealing with them and co-operate with aspiring member states which are prepared to defend its fundamental principles of security.

For this reason, the Alliance is going to maintain its open door policy and will never afford anyone the right to veto the aspirations of individual countries to join NATO. Thus, Ukraine and Georgia are entitled to aspire to NATO membership and the Alliance will develop its co-operation with them aimed at strengthening peace in Europe. Certainly, every decision to enlarge the Alliance will have to take into account the existing political and military situation and provide an answer to the question whether it is conducive to the security of Europe and the aspiring NATO members or not. Therefore, I believe that the NATO membership of Ukraine and Georgia is a matter of the determination of their societies to strive towards this membership and time. The Alliance has demonstrated that it is the most effective guarantor of peace in Europe. Russian analysts admit that, saying that without NATO’s enlargement to include PM

countries in Central Europe the target for Russian aggression in 2014 would not have been Ukraine but Poland and the Baltic States. Russia could have conducted military operations on the River Oder, putting the unification of Germany into question. It is worth remembering that this too is an element of the European order created after the Cold War. Also for this reason NATO must be open to the aspirations of its neighbouring countries.

Does the current situation in the Mediterranean and migration to Europe mean that NATO should also consider strengthening its southern flank? Is this one of the most important challenges facing the Alliance?

Polish Foreign Affairs Minister Witold Waszczykowski is right pointing out that while the threats to NATO coming from the East are directed against its very existence, those with their origins in the South are different. As a nuclear superpower, Russia is capable of destroying not just individual states but life on Earth as such. The Islamic State (IS) has neither of these capabilities. Thus, the nature of threats facing NATO from the East and from the South is different. Nonetheless, the Alliance cannot underestimate the risk of asymmetric attacks organised by the IS. First, because it has been set up to guarantee safety of its members’ societies and defend their peace.

Second, although the IS is not able to carry out a huge military operation aimed at occupying the territory of any member state of the Alliance, it can destabilise the situation in such a country, for example, by using a hybrid attack, and topple its government. And this should be considered a direct threat to the Alliance’s security. In view of the nature of this threat, which originates outside Europe but results in actions carried out in its territory consisting in breaching the State monopoly on the use of force, the member states must use all political instruments at their disposal.

Therefore, a good and close co-operation between NATO and the EU is needed. The Summit in Warsaw will be a historical turning point in this regard.

• PM

POLISH TECHNOLOGY FOR ARMED FORCES OF THE REPUBLIC OF POLAND PROF. RYSZARD SZCZEPANIK, Ph.D., D. Sc. Eng. General Director of the Air Force Institute of Technology

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he Air Force Institute of Technology (ITWL) was established 63 years ago, but our tradition dates back to the Air Navigation Section set up in1918,which indirectly formed the beginnings of our Institute.

Keeping pace with changing organisational, technical and technological conditions, in particular after Poland became a NATO member, the Institute succeeded in adjusting the subject matter and scope of numerous developments to the changing needs of the Polish Armed Forces. We conduct scientific, research, development and implementation works as well as provide technical services related to the construction and maintenance of aerospace and armament technologies. Our specialists develop technologies, test methodologies, new structures, maintenance methodologies as well as conduct research and technical projects connected with aeronautical engineering and armaments.

Many years of experience and hard work made it possible to create strong scientific and research potential which aims at shaping aircraft maintenance in such a way that unnecessary incidents can be avoided or negative result thereof can be minimised, hence our task is to continuously enhance the reliability and safety of flights. It is one of the most important aspects of the ITWL activity.

At present, the Institute is focused on the modernisation and integration of avionic

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systems on board aircraft being currently in operation. The result of hard work in this field is the modernised the W-3 Sokół helicopter, which has been equipped with a glass cockpit within the Głuszec programme. Our solutions connected with the integration of digital avionics are also used in the newest version of the PZL130Orlik MPT and in the TS-11F ISKRA aircraft demonstrator which has been modernised by us. We developed the Integrated Avionic System which integrates practically all helicopter onboard devices, meeting standards binding all over the world. The Integrated Avionic System is composed of such elements as Integrated Communication System or SWPL1CYKLOP Helmet Mounted Display. We have also developed the Helmet Mounted Cueing System called ORION, thanks to which the pilot is able to identify a target and fire using movement of their head while looking at a display showing all necessary flight and navigation parameters at the same time.

We keep pace with rapidly developing technologies, and thanks to that we keep on winning the highest prize during various fairs and conferences. Trends cause rapid development in the fields such as electronics, communication and IT technologies.

Reasonable employment policy, consistency and good preparation when it comes to the analysis of needs relating to aircraft, which are in fact flying computers, enable the Institute to meet modern requirements. We employ

a team of well-prepared experts, including specialists in IT and electronics, which will succeed in adjusting to new technologies becoming operational within the Polish Armed Forces. Numerous achivements of the ITWL in those fields are as good as other top level solutions. The Institute is now among the elite research centres which are capable of designing digital systems and integrating them on board modern aircraft.

The cooperation with the scientific and research community all over Poland and the awarness of its considerable capabilities enable us to see a bright future for it.

The history of the pre-and postwar Polish aviation is a good evidence that a Polish plane being competitive with the best foreign aircraft is not a daydream, but a real project, which, by the appropriate support of the authorities, may become one of Poland’s top export products, creating a lot of jobs and being a driving force behind the Polish economy at the same time.

The Centre for Innovative Aerospace Technologies has been functioning at our Institute for over a year, creating excellent ideas, whose results are going to be implemented in practice within the aviation industry in a near future. The most important concept is the idea of the GROT-2 combat trainer, which is a continuation of the invaluable work of the eminent Polish aircraft, Prof. Tadeusz Sołtyk.

•

WARMATE

COMBAT UNMANNED AIRCRAFT SYSTEM WB Electronics S.A., a Polish company and a leader of the WB Group has been gradually developing the Warmate

loitering munition system. The system comprises unmanned aircraft equipped with warheads used for detection, reconnaissance and destruction of targets, both enemy personnel and light armoured vehicles. The project, carried out by a few countries, has drawn considerable attention from the visitors at the 23rd MSPO (International Defence Industry Exhibition) in Kielce.

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n 2012 the Company, based in Ożarów Mazowiecki, for the first time disclosed the design of the “Warmate” combat unmanned flying device. It is a system designed for surveillance and reconnaissance in a direct combat zone. If equipped with a warhead, it may be used to attack detected objects. The solution developed by WB Electronics is called “loitering munition.” In 2014, at MSPO, the WB Group presented the models of two modified variants of the system. The first variant, equipped with a 0.3 kg warhead, was designed to destroy targets. The second one, carrying a 0.6 kg warhead and a EO/IR payload with an electro optic sensor, was capable of returning to home base should the operator decide to abort the attack.

During the MSPO 2015 fair the extended and upgraded version of “Warmate” was presented. It was built as a monoplane with wings folding to the back which unfold automatically upon being shot out of the container. The device is launched by a cassette pneumatic launcher. The system can be operated by only one soldier. “At the end of 2015 the system reached the series production stage,” Wojciech Komorniczak, scientific research and new technologies director at WB Electronics S.A., said.

As a result of the above, the Warmate mini system has been developed which, depending on the warhead applied, may be used for the following tasks: • Surveillance, detection, recognition and identification of the objects of interest (EO/IR payload GS9), • Detection and strike against the enemy personnel (EO-fragmentation charge warhead),

•

Detection and strike against the enemy’s light armoured vehicles (EO-linear cumulative charge warhead).

Moreover, the system can be extended with a laser seeker capability. It should be stressed that EO-fragmentation warheads are developed in co-operation with the Military Institute of Armament Technology (Wojskowy Instytut Techniczny Uzbrojenia).

The selection of the mission profile is being performed by installing the proper payload/ warhead on the air platform. The Warmate Mini system may be used as a stand-alone system, carried or transported by land or special forces. Thanks to its design the system may be installed on a vehicle (car or wheeled armoured vehicle). It also allows the integration of the command and control station, ground control station or ground data terminal with the vehicle’s on-board systems.

The Warmate air platform used in combat mode is designed for one-time use. In surveillance mode it can be recovered and reused.

The system is equipped with control modules (autopilot) which allow the full automation of most flight stages along the planned route, to a selected destination or loitering above a target. In the semi-automatic mode, the operator has full control in the aiming phase and switches the warhead to the “armed” mode to fire. These devices may loiter in the air for up to 30 minutes waiting or searching for the target.

The system comprises the following base components: • Warmate air vehicle, • EO/IR payload GS9 (like for Virtus system),

• • • • • •

EO-fragmentation charge warhead (GO-1), EO-linear cumulative charge warhead (GK-1), Ground Control Station, Ground Data Terminal with antenna tracker (NTD), Cassette pneumatic launcher, Transport packaging.

At the moment works are being carried out on the development of transport and start containers that may be transported or installed on a vehicle. The mobile system may be ready for start in less than a minute; when mounted on a vehicle, it takes a few seconds to execute start from the moment of command.

The Warmate Micro device is a stand-alone solution allowing the real-time operation of the warhead based on the video feed obtained from the observation subsystem. The project is financed out of own funds of WB Electronics. The works on the system are carried out by the most technologically advanced and innovative countries in the world, e.g. the US and Israel.

Warmate Micro specification: Take-off method: cassette pneumatic launcher Operational radius: 10 km LOS Ceiling: 500 m AGL, 3000 m AMSL Operational altitude: 20 - 200 m AGL Flight endurance: 30 min Take-off weight: 4 kg Maximum speed: 150 km/h Payload: EO/IR stabilized payload, EO-linear cumulative or fragmentation charge • warhead (net weight 700 g).

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GRAPHENE A

few years ago we heard about graphene. When it was announced triumphantly that “we have discovered graphene”, the expectations regarding this material were measured by the world record between the first publication and the award of the Nobel Prize. This period is just six years. It had never happened before, not even close. The expectations are great, also in Poland.

That is why in 2011 we established the Polish company Nano Carbon Sp. z o.o (Nano Carbon LLC), a graphene producer and application developer, to commercialize the industrial method of graphene production developed by scientists from the Institute of Electronic Materials Technology.

The company belongs to the PGZ group, KGHM I FIZAN and is an Associated Partner in the EU Graphene Flagship, the largest research programme in the history of the European Union.

WHAT IS GRAPHENE AND WHY IS IT CONSIDERED SO INNOVATIVE? In physical and chemical terms, graphene is a two-dimensional, single-atom-thick layer composed of carbon atoms in a hexagonal, or “honeycomb”, pattern. The attractiveness of graphene, and the fact that it is “in fashion”, comes from its unique properties – extremely high relative mechanical strength, ductility, thermal conductivity, transparency over the entire electromagnetic spectrum, impenetrability by nearly all substances, biological features, sensory capacity, and high electrical conductivity (mainly very high electron mobility). All these properties are combined in one substance – this combination is behind the revolutionary potential of graphene in the field of materials engineering. Graphene can be obtained or produced in two basic ways – by growing it on a crystalline material or by cracking graphite into extremely thin flakes. Polish scientists specialise in the former. The Warsaw Institute of Electronic Materials Technology developed a method of growing graphene on silicon carbide, which allows top quality structures to be manufactured. Graphene produced this way is intended for use in a new generation of electronic devices which can function in places where traditional silicon-based electronics cannot be employed, due to high temperature, power or voltage.

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THE RISING STAR

Graphene is described as “the rising star” of materials engineering and nanotechnology. It is, therefore, no surprise that global companies are increasingly enthusiastic about the technologies developed with this new material. It is Nano Carbon’s main objective to selectively invest in products with a high market potential.

In innovation, and in technological innovation in particular, the path from the laboratory to the final products manufactured on an industrial scale is laborious and fraught with the inevitable risk.

Two years ago, Nano Carbon was testing various options of the possible applications which seemed possible on the basis of laboratory tests of graphene structures. Today, room for manoeuvre is much narrower. First, there has been an improvement in the production technologies for various types of graphene, which is the starting material for the preparation of final products. It is well described, predictable. Secondly, scientists can identify with a lot more confidence those applications that are worth investing in, those which should wait for the technology to be refined and finally those with virtually minimal chances – with the “not yet” recommendation.

In other words, graphene road maps are subject to periodic modifications, becoming more and more accurate.

Nano Carbon has just launched an industrial reactor allowing the production of graphene on a substrate of silicon carbide, which opens the way to its applications, including in the manufacture of various types of sensors.

GRAPHENE - A POLISH EXPORT PRODUCT Nano Carbon has marketed 300x300 mm graphene-covered copper foil sheets. The graphene structure will be uniform and single-atom over the entire surface of the sheet. No other company can boast such a product.

WHAT ARE THE MOST PROMISING DIRECTIONS? Work on the applications of graphene is necessarily multithreaded, as is the multiple spectrum of properties of graphene. For Nano Carbon, due to the presence of the Company in the PGZ group, the focus is on dual-use technologies available for deployment on the modern battlefield and in civilian markets. The use of graphene in military technologies is so important and beneficial economically that it is easier to arrange the funding of the first, most expensive research phase; the safety of the soldier and the achievement of superiority on the battlefield have absolute priority. The implemented technologies can then be used for the benefit of products offered in the civilian markets.

In addition to the earlier work on sensors, where the use of graphene on a substrate of silicon carbide opens the way for the measurement of high temperature ranges much wider than in the currently used structures based on other substrates, there are two further areas of high potential opportunities, offering at the same time a wide range of possibilities.

IN INNOVATION, AND IN TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION IN PARTICULAR, THE PATH FROM THE LABORATORY TO THE FINAL PRODUCTS MANUFACTURED ON AN INDUSTRIAL SCALE IS LABORIOUS AND FRAUGHT WITH THE INEVITABLE RISK.

One of the fastest developing areas of graphene application is the production of composite materials, that is combining many properties of different substances in a single material.

The second area are biotechnology applications. The multitude of possible applications is extremely valuable, as it minimizes business risks inherent in investing in innovation.

A separate field of application of polymer-graphene composites are various types of ballistic materials (meaning materials absorbing kinetic energy), which are used in the construction of bulletproof vests and shields protecting combat vehicles.

The battlefield unfortunately also means wounded soldiers.

Our knowledge of the biological properties of graphene opens up a very interesting application area. Graphene, being carbon, is biocompatible, harmless to the body while several studies have shown its antibacterial properties. Our co-operation with the Centre for Biomedical Engineering at the Military University of Technology in Warsaw has confirmed the high germicidal effectiveness of graphene produced by Nano Carbon.

THE MAIN BARRIER TO POPULARISING GRAPHENE Graphene is a technological idea. The problem lies in the fact that we are only at the stage of investigating its possibilities in the lab. There is still no practical application (a situation where we can go to a store and buy something that successfully uses the graphene technology) anywhere in the world.

Probably some solutions can come in a year or two. But at this stage of research we cannot expect to see a revolution in electronics or hyper-fast processors. When it comes to implementation in the near future we have in mind composite materials offering new properties unavailable in the past; many in one, such as transparent conductors or the graphene-modified polymers mentioned earlier. Knowing that the goal is to commercialise research, Polish firms should start by identifying products using graphene, for which there is a real chance to enter the markets. Graphene has a great chance to become a Polish export product. But such regulations as tax breaks are necessary. It is also necessary to integrate scattered competencies – for instance, by building specialised centres.

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WZM SA

PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCE AND EXPERIENCE Wojskowe Zakłady Motoryzacyjne (Military Automotive Works, WZM SA), located in Poland’s mid-western city of Poznań, is a member of Polska Grupa Zbrojeniowa (PGZ).

WZM SA is responsible for the maintenance, repair, modernization and logistic security of the Leopard 2A5 tanks used by the Polish Armed Forces throughout the product life cycle. The Company’s competencies also include servicing the powertrains of all the Leopard 2 tanks used by the Polish Army.

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ZM SA takes an active part in the implementation of the Polish Armed Forces Technical Modernization Plan for the years 2013-2022.

As the only Polish operator specializing in removable power units, WZM SA designs and delivers power-packs for such projects as New Amphibious Combat Vehicle (NPBWP), Modern Wheeled Armoured Carrier (NKTO 8x8), Light Armoured Reconnaissance Carrier (LOTR 6x6), developed by the WZMot consortium and Direct Support Vehicle (WWB). These projects are carried out for the Ministry of Defence as part of the technical modernization of the Polish Armed Forces.

The latest product offered by WZM SA is a quick-change unit for the BMP-1 vehicle.

This product could also be exported and it has attracted great interest at a defence industry fair in India this year.

LEOPARD - A KEY PROGRAMME FOR THE POLISH DEFENCE INDUSTRY WZM SA, together with ZM Bumar - Łabędy SA, give the PGZ group the potential to fully service the Leopards 2 tanks used by the Polish Armed Forces. WZM SA conducts the maintenance and repair of the power-packs for the Leopard 2A4, 2A5 and 2PL tanks while the partner from the PGZ group - ZM Bumar - Łabędy SA - is responsible for the Leopard 2A4 tanks.

WZM SA is constantly developing the capacity to service, repair and modernize the Polish Leopard 2A5 tanks. Thanks to its extensive competence, knowledge and many years of experience, the Company also plans to work on the modernization of these vehicles.

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The modernization will be developed and coordinated by a strategic partner of WZM SA – the Krauss-Maffei Wegmann company, the manufacturer of the Leopard 2 tank.

“We have the potential, confirmed by relevant contracts and licenses, to service the powertrains for the Leopard 2 tanks,” says WZM SA President Elżbieta Wawrzynkiewicz.

“At present, our Powertrain Centre develops a service providing support 24 hours a day,” she adds.

TOP-CLASS STAFF Since its inception WZM SA has attached great importance to having a highly qualified and professional staff. In 2014, with quality in mind, WZM SA implemented the certification process for the Company Production Control for compliance with EN 1090-1 standard.

This certificate allows among others to mark the manufactured products with the CE sign proving compliance with Construction Products Directive (CPD).

UNBEATABLE POWERTRAIN CENTRE Human capital in the form of qualified staff, with professional competence to carry out the tasks assigned to the State’s defence sector, is the core of WZM SA. However, it is also important to have modern infrastructure. The basis required for the Company’s operation are means of production, such as machinery, equipment and specialized tools, and knowhow understood as necessary technical knowledge and experience. Aiming for leadership in their speciality and fulfilling the basic economic objectives such as extending the product line, acquiring know-how, and

achieving further technological development or an increase in value, WZM SA has launched the Powertrain Centre. The construction of the Centre is an important element of logistics security of the Polish Army in all the states of the country’s defence readiness. The concept of the Centre is to build the national potential for supplying and supporting the operation and modernization of engines and powerpacks for the needs of the Polish Armed Forces.

Taking over the service or production of an engine type by WZM SA takes place in stages. First, the licensor conducts training for coaches, who then provide training for staff and supervise production processes.

Expanding the portfolio of WZM SA by the service of further engines is only a matter of time.

A strategic partner of WZM SA is the world’s largest engine manufacturer, the German company MTU GmbH Friedrichshafen of the Rolls-Royce Power Systems AG Group. WZM SA has obtained the exclusive right to service the MTU engines used in Leopard tanks. WZM SA engineers are designing a prototype powerpack for the new Infantry Combat Vehicle as a member of the consortium led by Huta Stalowa Wola, a subsidiary of Polska Grupa Zbrojeniowa.

As the dynamic development of WZM SA and its high industrial competence have been noticed by a growing number of foreign partners, the Company has already carried out or is in the process of implementing joint projects with such companies as RENK Aktiengesellschaft, MTU Friedrichshafen GmbH, Allison Transmission Inc., BAE Systems, Kidde-Deugra Brandschutzsysteme GmbH and FPT Industrial SpA. •

Space Industry

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ROLE OF THE SPACE SECTOR IN NATIONAL DEFENCE Colonel PIOTR SUSZYŃSKI, acting Vice-President for Defence at the Polish Space Agency (POLSA)

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he instability of the world and the multitude of potential global and local threats which may affect Poland’s security dictate the need to develop the defence capabilities of our country. Development of launchers and satellite technologies may provide facilities for the security and defence sector. Observation, weather, early warning, navigation and communication satellites supply information which is vital from the point of view of crisis management as well as the effectiveness of military operations. On the other hand, the space sector with the aviation industry and parts of the defence sector stimulate technological innovation which may be transferred to the economy. Therefore, they are important elements determining economic development which supports the attainment of fundamental goals of Poland’s national and international security.

The Polish Space Agency, and in particular, its military departments, perform tasks connected with state defence and security, pertaining to satellite observation of the Earth and space, as well as navigation and satellite communications. We focus on projects that open the broadest prospects for investment in Polish industry and science related to the use of satellite technology and space exploration, as the strengthening of these sectors is essential for the development of the Polish defence potential. The projects are implemented taking into account the operational requirements and development plans and programmes of modernisation of the Polish armed forces, while acknowledging the obligations of Poland’s membership in the Euro-Atlantic and European structures of co-operation.

The Ministry of Defence is interested in strengthening the Polish space sector, allowing the achievement of the desired

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national defence and security capabilities by our country. Therefore, it assumes the greatest financial burden associated with the development of this sector, taking various measures, including: • financing a significant part of Poland’s contribution to the European Space Agency, expecting that the contracts performed for the ESA and technology transfers will assist Polish entities in closing the technological gap and enable them to supply Poland’s armed forces with the latest solutions meeting their operational requirements, • expenditures connected with the European Defence Agency (EDA) which also develops programmes connected with the space sector, such as the Governmental Satellite Communication initiative (GOVSATCOM) and phase one of the Earth observation project of the second generation until the year 2030. The EDA also takes steps aimed at developing space technologies designed to make the European Union independent from the rest of the world, • financing the national programme of satellite, optoelectronic observation of the Earth, assuming dual-use of the technologies applied, • financial outlays on the building of national space observation capabilities, • development of the satellite communication infrastructure for the military area, crisis response and civilian sector, • supporting participation of Polish institutions in the implementation of ESA programmes connected with security and defence, in particular, in the field of satellite telecommunications, • active participation in the UN Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space (COPUOS) connected with

detecting space debris and the resulting threats to space operations and co-operation in the area of situational awareness in space, • fulfilment of the GEOINT and GLOB operational requirements regarding the use of the Cosmo-Skymed Seconda Generazione radar observation system and enhancing these capabilities by the addition of optoelectronic imaging using data from the OPTSAT3000 satellite.

These activities also map out the main areas of activity of POLSA’s defence departments.

An important instrument for the implementation of ambitious tasks in the field of space technology and techniques undertaken for the Polish armed forces, will be the development by the Ministry of Development national space strategy and its implementation tool – national space programme, which is the responsibility of the Polish Space Agency. This strategy should take into account both the needs of security and defence, as well as the development of dual-use space technology.

Military operations have shown that the use of the possibilities offered by satellite technology and space technology in areas such as intelligence, location and communication contribute to strengthening the effectiveness of the armed forces. Modern weapons systems need solutions developed for the purpose of space exploration, and the information provided by the satellites is of strategic importance to state defence. In the era of intensive development of electronic tools of remote sensing, communications and navigation, especially desirable for the effective functioning of our armed forces is the use of space technologies in the computerised combat and support systems and in systems • operating in cyberspace

WELCONOMY

2016 IN TORUŃ www.flaris.pl

FLARIS- EASE OF FLYING F laris is an innovative 5-seat jet with unique properties.

It combines opposing characteristics – the ease of flying typical for gliders and the speed and range of a jet.

FLARIS LAR 1 is a plane which, in many respects, is ahead of the existing solutions. It is made of state-of-the-art lightweight materials – pre-impregnated carbon fibers that have exceptional strength. Flaris planes were developed, constructed and manufactured by Metal-Master, a Polish company located in Podgórzyn, which has developed proprietary manufacturing technologies. “In order to produce airplane structures out of pre-pregs we had to develop our own technologies for manufacturing and installing components,” says Sylwia Ładzińska founder and co-owner of the companies Metal-Master and FLARIS. This was made possible owing to the experience of the Metal-Master company, which produces technological machines for various industries.

Among other things they offer equipment for suppliers to the aviation industry, components for automobiles and construction cranes. “By interacting with various industries we have gathered experience in the areas of automation and robotics and we have expanded our business to aircraft manufacturing,” she adds.

In terms of its structure and technology Flaris is currently the most advanced lightweight business jet in Europe and probably in the world. The producers and inventors of Flaris have developed a most innovative aircraft that was presented at two subsequent Air Shows in Paris, where Flaris became the third best innovation, after SU35 and A350. As the plane is being developed, its manufacturer continues to implement many modern technologies from the automotive sector for which it supplies machinery and equipment. Thus the jet has a coupe-style car-like cabin for 5 passengers and is a centerwing with a twin tail.

The undercarriage designed by Metal-Master allows the plane to take off and land on grass airstrips. The plane has exceptional aerodynamic properties that guarantee safety and allow for landing in unconventional areas in the case of engine failure or fuel starvation and also has low fuel consumption. The plane has spin-proof properties.

What is characteristic of Flaris is its mono-box fuselage. Its shape can be compared to a drop of water. In combintion with its unique lift-to-drag ratio, which is equivalent to that of a glider, it allows FLARIS LAR 1 to fly a distance of 18 km without propulsion for every 1 km of height loss. Flaris is also equipped with a parachute safety system. The aircraft

has exceptionally short takeoff and landing requirements. Additionally it is exceptionally easy and intuitive to fly. Its modern system is very forgiving of pilot errors. Thus, to fly it, only a private pilot license PPL(A) is required.

The plane is equipped with an innovative FJ33-5A engine manufactured by Williams International. The engine has received a Part 33 certificate from FAA. The FJ33-5A power unit generates 2000 pounds of thrust and is economical and environmentally friendly. The cooperation between Metal-Master, the manufacturer of Flaris airplanes, and Williams International, the American manufacturer of jet engines, guarantees access to a new generation of turbofan jet engines.

Due to its ease of flying and its high speed and range, apart from its civilian use, the plane can increase Poland’s security by serving as: - airplane for flight training of army pilots, involving the use of state-of-the-art radio and navigation systems and flying a jet engine plane, thus radically decreasing the costs of training army pilots.

- surveillance aircraft to monitor external borders of the European Union and thus become Poland’s proposal within the Frontex programme.

- MALE class unmanned aerial vehicle.

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Photo: Rafał Nowak

LONGING FOR PARADISE LOST

RYSZARD ŻÓŁTANIECKI, Collegium Civitas, talks to Marcin Haber about the current geo-political situation and its potential impact upon the NATO summit in Warsaw.

Let us start by talking about general issues. In the context of the approaching NATO summit, I would like to ask how security is defined today. This approach has changed greatly over the last 27 years. From the arms race to a move towards pure diplomacy. How secure are we in a world where Russia favours a policy based on invasion and we cannot be certain whether North Korea is bluffing or not?

We can clearly see a return to a policy relying on arms.

In the meantime, there have been several developments affecting the way security is perceived. Above all, it has to be stressed that we live in a civilisation underpinned by a longing for order, harmony and paradise lost. From time to time, we try to eliminate factors which destroy this order, and there have been many of them throughout history. For a long time, it was communism and the Soviet Union. A global debate PM

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continued regarding the order which should be imposed upon the world: whether it was the one represented by the Soviet bloc or the liberal, American one. After the collapse of the Soviet Union a wave of enthusiasm swept the Western civilisation again. According to the prevailing sentiment, we had found the source of evil, defined and eliminated it.

However, soon afterwards Iraq invaded Kuwait and a bloody war erupted in a near-by Yugoslavia. Moreover, terrorism of a new quality, named the war of civilisations, emerged. In this war the justification for violence was sought in religious and cultural values. Americans made a terrible error by humiliating Russia, which at that time was on her knees.

There were a second war in Iraq, the anti-Serbian attitude of the USA and the issue of the break-away province of Kosovo.

Today, Putin is using these actions to justify his annexation

of the Crimea. Humiliated Russia began to claim her imperial rights. The current war in Ukraine is the culmination of this process. All this causes doubts. After all, the “communist devil” is no longer a threat, but the order has gone.

There is one more very important reason. The Americans, true to form, concluded that man is good by nature, but lives under bad conditions. If we change these conditions, man will begin to live in order and harmony. Carried by this idea, they completely destroyed the structures of government in Iraq.

The same thing happened in Libya, where Gaddafi had been fully subordinated and co-operating. After destroying the government in Iraq and giving clear support to the anti-Assad opposition in Syria, a vacuum was created. It was quickly filled

by ISIS. Therefore, we are facing yet another threat, this time of our own making. The process of building democracy in the Middle East has failed. We must ask one brutal question: “Are the Iraqis living better than under the rule of Saddam Hussain?”

In my opinion the answer is no. The destabilisation of the region has resulted in the waves of refugees arriving in Europe, another threat which destroys our feeling of security. Initially, Angela Merkel kept saying: “Herzlich Willkomen,” but the number of asylum seekers has exceeded her expectations. She was driven by two motives. One, purely pragmatic – German lands needed labour. However, the calculation was wrong. Those who came are unable to go to work straight away. It will take 2-3 generations before they can start functioning normally in our civilisation. The other reason was purely idealistic. By showing openness to immigrants, Germany wanted to finally remove the stigma and the feeling of guilt persisting since World War Two. However, this wave of refugees has led to erosion in the EU itself.

Seeing that they are unable to cope with the underestimated number of arrivals, Germany have now started sending them to other Member States.

But there are unprecedented social divisions when it comes to the immigrants.

Until recently, the Germans were united in terms of the raison d’etat. However, now there is not one Germany, just like there is not one Poland. This is happening in almost all the EU countries. The internal consensus has been destroyed and this weakens both the EU and NATO. We have grown used to dividing politics into national and international. This is a matter of the past. Everything that is internal becomes international and the other way around.

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Let us look at the problems facing the European Union from the point of view of the USA and NATO’s interests. Do the Americans look at the immigration problem in the way they approach their own problems with the influx of people from Central America, or do they see it as a more serious issue in view of the arrival of Islamic extremists in Europe?

The United States responded to the immigration problem and the terrorist threat by adopting the PATRIOT Act which has clearly limited civil liberties. We can still experience this at the airports. Currently, building a new security architecture is number one priority for the USA. Our world has become fragmented. The Cold War was not only an equal balance of the military potential, but also a balance of responsibility. Each side accepted responsibility for keeping order in its “own back yard” and generally, apart from minor exceptions, they did not interfere with the internal affairs of the other side. At present, PM

the USA are unable to control all these issues. Initially, there were hopes that Pax Americana would succeed. This concept was based on the powerful USA acting as a global policeman.

However, it was unfeasible for technical and moral reasons.

American society does not consent to this. There are groups, represented, for example, by Donald Trump, which say “let them defend themselves.” Americans are now trying to piece together a new world order, but realise that they cannot do it by themselves. They relied on the European Union, but it is clear that the EU does not have its own foreign policy. There were also hopes relating to China, but the Chinese are unwilling to take responsibility for anything. China has its own paranoia – the only thing that counts is money. They are not interested in the regime, whether there is a civil war in a given region, for as long as money is to be made there. Russia also remains a potential partner, but it is breaking all moral norms and principles by which the West lives. For as long as it keeps breaking them, no talks are possible. However, the USA and the main capitals in Europe realise that this cannot be put together without Russia.

The NATO summit in Warsaw is to be accompanied by other important talks…

We have been informed that immediately after the NATO summit a meeting is to be held to discuss the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP) between the United States and the European Union. The summit provides an excellent opportunity for this because the representatives of most countries will be present. We must remember that NATO almost overlaps the European Union in terms of its member states. The fact that discussions regarding the TTIP will be held in Warsaw is a great honour for Poland. In view of the positive tension connected with the NATO summit, it may be a breakthrough meeting as regards the TTIP. The talks on a trade and investment partnership between the USA and the EU have been continuing for quite some time now. They are mostly shrouded in secrecy which causes lots of emotions in Poland. There are several critical issues which stand between the USA and Europe. They include labour rights which in some EU countries are absurdly inflated. In America these rules are much stricter. There is also the problem of reconciling the highly liberal market in the United States with the stable, orderly markets in the European Union. The agreement may result in Europe beginning to change under pressure of the incoming American corporations. It is necessary to bear in mind that for many reasons the project called the European Union is running out of fuel…

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Would signing TTIP not spell the end of the European Union? There is clear opposition to the deal among the Member States.

There is resistance, but people increasingly realise that the paradigm of the European Union is running out of steam. I am talking about immigration, economic issues, solidarity between the Member States. All this is beginning to crumble and a new stimulus is needed. Twelve years ago, when countries of Central and Eastern Europe joined the Union, the belief was that the enlargement would provide such a stimulus. However, it has turned out that we, living in this part of Europe, lack certain traditions and norms which are obvious to the European Union.

Therefore, TTIP may provide a new impulse for changing the • quality of the European Union.

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Innovation

DIVERSIFICATION THE KEY TO SECURITY Marcin Haber

A

fter innovation, diversification has been the most-often repeated word in the Polish economy in recent years. It is a key word with regard to Poland’s energy security.

This term is broad and open to various interpretations and there are many disputes and misunderstandings surrounding it.

In order to comprehend the dual approach of Poland to energy security it is necessary to repeat a rather trite statement: the greater the diversity of energy sources or energy production, the better the energy security of the country. Why should we repeat this?

Because Poland appears to apply this principle when it comes to natural gas imports, but has a slightly different approach to energy production.

The situation regarding gas supply has been altered by the construction of the gas terminal in Świnoujście. The liquefied natural gas which we can now buy thanks to this facility has enabled us to become independent from natural gas deliveries from Russia. Commenting on this matter in a recent interview published in “Polish Market”, Janusz Steinhoff said: “The European Union does not assume a detachment from gas supplied by Russia. Gazprom, however, must comply with all the rules that apply in the EU countries. I am thinking here about the rules relating to transmission, complying with all the laws related to the functioning in the gas market. We cannot accept – and the Polish Government has been firm on this matter for years – an attempt to circumvent those rules which seek to build a competitive European market for energy and gas. Domination of any supplier, coming from any geographical

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direction, is detrimental for Europe. The past experience shows that the Russian Federation often used its dominant position for projects of political nature. The price of gas which Poland was paying did not reflect the price of its transmission and current value. For a very long time we paid a premium for a lack of alternatives. Just five years ago, Poland had to import gas from Russia due the lack of a cross-border transmission infrastructure supporting other directions of supply.

Currently, we will no longer be compelled to do so. Now we can buy Russian gas only if its price is competitive with other suppliers.

The construction of the gas terminal places us in a completely different situation as regards Russia. We no longer have to buy gas from the East which improves our market position and allows us to negotiate competitive gas prices.”

A decision has been made to take a slightly different approach to the energy production segment. Recent years saw a debate on Poland’s energy mix. There was a lot of talk – also due to the strict EU standards – about renewable energy sources. There also appeared a seemingly realistic idea of building nuclear power stations. A serious programme was presented, a special vehicle formed and hundreds of millions were spent on location work. However, it seems that the governments treat this branch of the power industry with suspicion and see it as the last resort.

Renewable energy sources have met a similar fate. Legal regulations have rendered investments in renewable energy sources unprofitable. Out of the whole range of “clean sources” only biomass has been left. Decisions taken by various departments mean that in the coming years Poland will remain faithful

to energy from coal and lignite. However, contrary to appearances, this move is not in conflict with the policy of the European Union regarding CO2 emissions. In order to meet the strict emission standards, Polish coal-based generating units are or will be modernised so as to improve their efficiency and significantly reduce harmful emissions. In the interview quoted above Janusz Steinhoff added: “The European Union has adopted a Climate and Energy Package and consecutive Polish governments lobbied to take into account the specific situation of Poland, which is the only country in Europe that has such an energy mix. We are not able to change it in just a few years. We can only reduce carbon dioxide emissions by raising the efficiency of the energy generating equipment. Currently, most of the generating capacity is significantly less efficient than modern units such as those recently installed in Bełchatów, Pątnów and Łagisza. We are undertaking the trouble of upgrading, but there is something else that we as a country make note of, and that is mostly the fact that the issue of air protection and carbon dioxide emissions reduction is a global problem not confined specifically to Europe.

In the context of the political decisions taken, Poland’s energy security now depends on the modernisation of the existing and the construction of new high efficiency coalbased units. The issue of a nuclear power station providing energy to the northern part of the country without transmission losses remains on the table. We should remember that security also means modern and highly efficient transmission networks, but this matter is currently considered one of the top priorities.

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Space Industry

ASSUMPTIONS OF THE CYBER SECURITY STRATEGY

T

he security of citizens (also on the Internet) should be considered as important as the military protection of the country. The protection of the civilian cyberspace in Poland is among the main priorities of the government, but until now no powerful centre coordinating this very important area directly affecting security of citizens and business has been built. Cases of infringement of economic rights of citizens and takeover of their sensitive data are becoming more frequent and require effective countermeasures. Certainly, effective cyberspace protection is not a problem confined to the borders of our country but is a cross-border issue.

According to a survey conducted by the Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS), each year cybercrime causes global losses of USD 445 billion.

Such attacks are generated both from Polish jurisdiction and areas located outside it, but also from places with no mutual legal aid agreements signed with Poland or places where such agreements do exist, but for various reasons the Polish authorities receive no help. Finally, it has to be noted that in view of the user anonymisation methods applied in cyberspace it is sometimes impossible to determine the location of the attacker.

The most intense form of hostile actions of another state are mass attacks from cyberspace directed against the IT infrastructure. In such cases we could even use the term “war.”

In the light of such threats, the increasing complexity of data transmission systems and the growing dependence of production, public administration and social life on these systems, a national-scale concerted approach

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is needed to the issue of providing security of data transmission systems and information.

All actions should be based on information whether Polish data transmission systems are under attack at a given moment and what is the nature and scale of these attacks.

CURRENT REGULATIONS

Poland lacks a uniform legislation regulating the institutional and legal cyberspace protection system. There are only provisions dealing with selected data transmission security issues. Therefore, this is one of the areas requiring urgent systematisation.

A weakness of the current system is the lack of systemic solutions making it possible to resolve difficult problems with the local branch of the operator, service provider or software manufacturer. There are no strategic agreements obligating the aforementioned entities to participate in the process of ensuring cyberspace security or restoring system functions that have been lost or damaged as a result of undesired activities conducted in cyberspace.

NECESSARY STEPS

In order to take care of cyber security, it is necessary to take quickly coherent and system-based steps aimed at monitoring and counteracting threats appearing in cyberspace and minimising the consequences of security incidents. We must co-ordinate all good initiatives to eliminate their “island” character. It is necessary to implement appropriate mechanisms, including co-operation between private and state entities (a model based on co-operation between administration, business and science) and the necessary financing of measures connected

with IT security. It is necessary to define a system of financing tasks related to cyberspace protection. And most importantly: effective protection of cyberspace is contingent upon the adoption of the legal framework of a national cyberspace protection system and the appointment of a national authority co-ordinating the activities of other entities in the area of cyberspace protection.

A coherent division of competencies regarding obligations, procedures and training and directions of research and development work is urgently required.

Reaction scenarios must be developed in response to identified threats, and in particular, in response to materialised threats.

Such scenarios should include a chain of procedures activated as the situation develops.

The reaction scenario must describe who and when activates specific procedures, who must be notified of the activation of these procedures, who co-operates with whom and who has to be notified of the effects of a given procedure, and in particular, of the restoration of normal functioning or further escalation of the incident, which should result in the activation of further procedures.

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CYBER ATTACKS IN 2014

• every day half a million websites were attacked, • every day 28 billion spam e-mails were generated, • one in almost 1,000 e-mails sent is a phishing attempt, • 317 million of new malware variants were generated annually, • 312 serious break-ins into data transmission systems

Innovation

CYBER SECURITY – FOUNDATION OF INDUSTRY 4.0 ADAM SAWICKI, CEO at T-Mobile Polska S.A.

ERA OF THE INTERNET The first decade of the 21st century is universally considered the beginning of the fourth industrial revolution (Industry 4.0) which means an era of digital relations between industry, machines and society. The Internet, offering unlimited use of the resources of the global network, will be the engine driving yet another great industrial revolution following the age of steam, mass production and computers. In the year 2000, Internet traffic amounted to approximately 84 PB (1 Petabyte = 1 million Gigabytes) per month. In the following decade

we saw a gigantic increase of this traffic by a factor of 240. Over the coming five years Internet traffic is expected to grow 100 times.

However, it is not the volume of data transferred in the IP network that is most important from the point of view of Industry 4.0, but the number devices using the connection to the network. By the year 2020 number of connected devices will exceed 50 billion. The Internet is no longer a source of data exchange but a basic communication channel for our smartphones, smart cars, smart homes, power networks, smart cities and industry. As the importance of the digital data

processing ecosystem for the economy and society increases, so does the significance of cybersecurity and data protection. Companies, universities, government agencies, politicians and ordinary citizens are targets of regular cyberattacks.

CYBER SECURITY WITHOUT BORDERS Organisations monitoring threats on the Internet indicate the constantly increasing number of cyber attacks directed against individual users, businesses and government organisations.

The growing importance of social networks and cloud computing means that the value of data is increasing steadily. Consequently, their theft brings in increasing profits. In 2015, the Internet became an even bigger field for politically or fianacially motivated cyber attacks.

International cybercrime means that guaranteeing digital security for citizens, businesses, power networks, distribution and industrial systems against intensifying professional attacks has become a priority for the states. Local measures may only neutralise the threats, but their effective elimination is only possible through international cooperation. Adopting international digital security standards for devices and software is a challenge facing the international community in the coming decade, which will belong to the Internet of • Things.

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Innovation

CYBERSPACE IS ONE OF THE MAIN PRIORITIES ROMAN SPUTO, Sales Director at Coriant Poland, talks to “Polish Market”.

What are the goals of governments, defense departments and different ministries and agencies today in protecting the public in cyber space? How do they defend the countries and nations ensuring efficient and safe communication?

Government, military, and intelligence organizations understand that the protection of cyberspace is one of their main priorities.

The security and effectiveness of communication infrastructure depend upon seamless, secure, always-on connectivity assured by infrastructure.

Diverse organizations send and share information in real time both nationally and internationally and also from the local office to the remote battlefield.

The evolution from net-centric to mission-centric capabilities for the purpose of establishing decision superiority is critical.

Ministries and agencies responsible for mission-centric infrastructure are focused on: • Data Services - Big Data capabilities are essential to modern warfare • Digital Command and Control - cyber behaviour monitoring and analytics including networking, computing and security • Identity and access management - capability for positively identifying users that operate on and managing the access of the users to network resources and services • Networking technologies - technologies that will allow network capacities of 100 Gbps or higher. The need for bandwidth will grow, especially close to areas of conflict, for example, in growing number of intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance assets • Mobile Technologies - secure devices and applications used by mobile users • The Internet of Things - connectivity given to “smart” devices and sensors being

a part of wide or even global networks.

This drives also the need for Big Data, encryption, control of the cyber space and physical world.

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What kind of challenges do they face?

Governments have to look beyond the technologies of tomorrow. They must anticipate the future capability demands of users and how emerging technologies can be brought to their future networks and services.

The networks providing countries’ critical communications must be fast, flexible, secure, reliable, and scalable – and built upon technologies that can adapt to the evolving requirements of global applications and service innovation.

Today the global leap forward in cloud and mobile connectivity is redefining networks.

In this dynamic, cloud-centric networking environment, network architects face formidable challenges, including: • Ensuring on demand service agility to respond to fluctuating traffic loads • Efficiently migrating legacy networks and services without service disruption • Delivering flexible service and connectivity options for mission partners • Reducing network costs and complexity while enabling simplified network scalability PM

a proven history of delivering mission-critical and carrier-class networking products and services.

We have also an honor to be a proven supplier of transport solutions to the Polish Ministry of Defense and Polish operators, like Orange, serving Polish government and different agencies.

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ROMAN SPUTO

How do they achieve their goals?

To meet their challenges and ensure information access, government and defense agencies require a clear strategy, trusted technologies and networking partners providing technologies for today and tomorrow.

With purpose-built solutions, extensive government networking experience and an unwavering commitment to secure communications, Coriant has been a trusted supplier to the U.S. government, defense, and intelligence agencies for over 20 years. We have PM

Graduated from the Maritime University in Gdynia (radio communication) and Institute Francaise de Gestion (MBA, Executive Master of Business Administration).

For more than 20 years in the telecom industry, gained experience in sales and managerial positions in Ericsson, Tellabs and Cisco Systems.

He was responsible for sales and execution of network development projects delivered to fixed and mobile operators in Poland (including Orange, Polkomtel, GTS, Netia, Dialog, and others).

Innovation

WE CHANGE SURGICAL TECHNIQUES TO ADAPT THEM TO MODERN PRODUCTS PROF. KRZYSZTOF KWIATKOWSKI, MD, Head of the Traumatology and Orthopaedics Department at the Military Institute of Medicine, talks to Marcin Haber about modern solutions in orthopaedic surgery and security during the NATO summit in Warsaw.

Today there is talk of innovation in almost every branch of the economy, but medicine seems to be an area where it really should be applied. How does it look from your point of view as head of the Traumatology and Orthopaedics Department?

First of all, I have to say that the innovations which we implement may only be ascribed to us to a very small extent. In my discipline, these innovations are mostly due to the work done by metallurgists, biologists, engineers or experts in biomechanics. We are then able to convert their creativity into conventional clinical medicine. This process takes years. Such things do not happen overnight. It is a continuous process and for this reason, we constantly change our operating techniques in order to adapt them to modern products put at our disposal.

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very expensive. We use them mostly for young people because they practically eliminate the need to treat possible future complications.

In standard implants, the surfaces exposed to abrasion are made of steel and polyethylene which, unlike porcelain, starts to wear out which leads to the appearance of abrasion products resulting in the loosening problem. With porcelain surfaces this problem does not exist.

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Does it mean that such implants containing porcelain elements are guaranteed to function for life?

Yes, they offer a lifetime guarantee. In the case of implants with joint elements made of polyethylene, we have a certain limit of their resistance to abrasion. Unfortunately, due to the very high price, we cannot use such comfortable solutions for every patient.

I take it that such prostheses are already being implanted at your Department…

Certainly. We must remember that, just like any new technology, such implants are

You are talking about joint implants. What about other solutions?

In the case of osteorrhaphy, we have at our disposal various pins which allow us to fix practically all broken bones in the human body. The latest solutions offered by manufacturers give surgeons huge comfort. We could say that even minor errors made by an operator can be corrected using the instruments available to us. It should also be emphasised that most such osteorrhaphy elements are made of a titanium alloy which causes no allergies. This means that there is no need to remove such pins in the future. By using titanium elements, we can also limit any external immobilisation to the minimum. It is

Your discipline seems ideal for such stateof-the-art solutions. Could you give us some examples of the now routine methods which were a novelty a short time ago?

The most interesting examples include the use of products made of porcelain. They include joint prostheses where the friction surfaces are made of porcelain [with the rest made of titanium – ed.]. Due to the fact that porcelain is practically resistant to abrasion, the entire problem of loosening of prostheses is eliminated. This is a revolutionary application of porcelain in joint replacement.

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used for a short time only to prevent pain. It also shortens the recovery period.

There are teams at the Military Institute of Medicine working on the development of new solutions, for example in cardiology.

Do you have such a team at your Department or maybe you co-operate with an external institute?

We collaborate with the Institute of Precision Mechanics in modelling bone strength and the process of rebuilding the bone structure. This solution is to help evaluate bone fusion and the ability of bones to support joint implants. This assessment, based on the analysis of bone samples, will allow us to influence the time it takes a bone to heal and an implant to stabilise in the human body. Thanks to this solution, we will be able to determine whether a specific operation may be carried out on a given patient.

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Let us move on to a very important detail connected with the hospital. You are responsible for providing medical support for the NATO summit in Warsaw. I understand that you cannot reveal any details, but is the hospital preparing for this event in any special way?

A system is being developed for implementation during the NATO summit. It covers specific areas of medicine which may be useful for the participants. During the summit we are going to function in a state of high alert. We are co-operating with the services responsible for predicting potential threats and for security • during the event.

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Events

7

CONGRESS OF INNOVATIVE ECONOMY TH

T

he Congress of Innovative Economy organised by the Polish Chamber of Commerce was held in early June at the Copernicus Science Centre in Warsaw.

During this year’s edition speakers and guests spoke of innovations and new technologies in five areas: - smart cities – effective building of a smart city, challenges and expectations of cities, - new challenges for business, co-operation between local governments and business, - health – telemedicine in Poland, new technologies in medicine, - digital technologies in contemporary life, digitisation as a fulcrum of Poland’s economy, - innovative infrastructure – Swedish-Polish railway forum, investment challenges in infrastructure and cyber security in Poland.

The Congress was attended by over 800 participants. Speakers included Jarosław Gowin, Deputy Prime Minister, Minister of Science, Mateusz Morawiecki, Deputy Prime Minister, Minister of Economic Development and Michał Olszewski, Deputy Mayor of Warsaw. The special guest of the Congress was Nicola Mendelsohn, Vice-President of Facebook for Europe, the Middle East and Africa.

The first to take the floor during the opening ceremony was Jarosław Gowin, Deputy Prime Minister, Minister of Science, who said: “We should not stop at innovative economy.

We should have greater ambitions. We must aspire to joining the 4th industrial revolution… the huge technological leap which, thanks to globalisation, has gathered speed offers a great opportunity… This technological change is a chance for countries which have the courage to formulate plans and want to jump several steps in one leap. This is possible. For example, in the 1990s we by-passed cheques moving directly to payment cards. Investing in scientific development is of key importance... The changes making up the 4th industrial revolution are very rapid…

We do not lag behind the West. Polish companies have a chance to become innovative powerhouses, for example in drone manufacturing.

The 4th industrial revolution will only be possible with strong support of the State. We support (companies) by awarding grants. Innovations develop where there is a market.”

Minister Gowin also mentioned the example of the American company TESLA manufacturing electric cars. The US government “supported” it by awarding it public procurement

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contracts. However, creating innovative solutions also requires human capital. In the words of Deputy Prime Minister Gowin, ”We want young scientists, Polish scientists to see an opportunity for glittering careers – both in science and business”.

Jerzy Kwieciński, Deputy Minister of Economic Development, delivered a speech during the opening session of the Congress, pointing out that innovative solutions had to be created with the people in mind and for the people.

Just like the Plan for Responsible Development drawn up by Mateusz Morawiecki, Minister of Economic Development, who presented it personally on day two of the Congress. “If we are talking about re-industrialisation, then this should be done through digitisation and innovation. Growth of Polish businesses, particularly in the small and medium-sized enterprises sector, should also be achieved through innovation.

The same applies to international expansion of our companies – we want to export products offering large value added and high margins,” said Jerzy Kwieciński. “We want to change its structure so that funds from the private sector account for a larger share. Our main task is to mobilise the private sector to innovate. We intend to direct the instruments designed by us mainly towards the private sector,” he added.

Michał Olszewski represented Warsaw’s City Hall as the host of the event. He stressed the important role played by Polish cities in innovation implementation. He said: “Polish cities have become a testing ground for innovation. Since 2007, Warsaw has been pursuing an investment programme which would not be so impressive without innovation and the Polish industry. The success of trams made by PESA in Bydgoszcz began in Warsaw.

Here, the Polish company Solaris sold a fleet of buses. Warsaw was first to launch an electric buses programme. The role of cities in commissioning and noticing innovations cannot be underestimated. We are glad that Polish companies supply innovative products to our cities. Apart from large-scale industry we also consider it important to compete for talent in the form of small and medium-sized business.

We have created a research campus in Ochota specialising in biotechnology. Nanotechnology and smart technology research is conducted at our campus in Ursynów. Thanks to Warsaw-based companies we are developing many interesting projects.”

Maciej Witucki, Chairman of the Supervisory Board of Orange, a company which undoubtedly deserves to be called innovative, said during the Congress: “I would like the congress of innovative economy to change in to a congress of competitive economy. It is important for our economy to be competitive domestically and internationally, and innovation is a tool which can be used to achieve this goal. When it comes to digital innovation, Orange Polska is its creator and also its beneficiary. I am glad to hear about the cooperation between public administration and the private sector.”

Mateusz Morawiecki, Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Economic Development, told the Congress on its second day: “We must leave the middle income trap through innovation. When decades ago large corporations were being founded anti-trust laws were enacted to prevent the biggest players dominating small and medium-sized businesses. But businesses strive towards monopolies in order to grab the largest market share possible and swamp the region, the country, the world with their products. But anti-cartel procedures have been devised to prevent just that.

Today the situation is different, globalisation is ubiquitous, liberalisation of regulations deeply affects our lives and free movement of capital is one of the four freedoms enshrined in the 1957 Treaty of Rome… Today we are facing a huge dilemma how to cope with global monopolies which use their capital and technological power to stop our businesses entering new markets, or to impose strict regulations upon those which are already present there.

Twelve years ago, as we were joining the European Union, nobody paid any attention to the Polish transport market. Today, the incredible creativity and business acumen have made us the main transport enterprise in Europe. Our huge success has been noted and for this reason France and Germany are enacting solutions directed against our transport sector... In the meantime we were fed a narrative implying that the State was unnecessary. Real States act hand-in-hand with business.”

Deputy Premier Morawiecki stressed the assurances made on day one of the Congress that public administration must co-operate with entrepreneurs. Only by acting together Polish businesses can compete in internation• al markets.

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IMPACT 16’ The Impact 16’ Congress, the most important event of the new economy in Poland, was held in Kraków on June 15 – 16. During that time the capital city of Małopolska became a venue for debates regarding the key challenges and opportunities connected with the development of enterprise, innovation and digitisation. The main topic was the Fourth Industrial Revolution and its impact on the development of the economy, technology and society. The event attracted nearly 2,000 Polish and foreign experts and panellists including entrepreneurs, representatives of the world of culture and science, as well as the State authorities and institutions.

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he first edition of Impact 16’ was held on June 15 – 16 at the ICE Conference Centre in Kraków and was focused on the Fourth Industrial Revolution and the resulting global changes: technological, social and economic. Impact 16’ attracted representatives of industry, business people and owners of start-ups, scientists, venture capital investors from the private and public sector, representatives of incubators, science and technology parks, as well as government officials and local authorities. It provided an excellent opportunity for a multi-party dialogue, establishment of contacts and building durable relations.

One of the main items on the agenda was a presentation of the Start In Poland! programme aimed at creating conducive conditions for start-ups at every stage of their development. It is also designed to encourage foreign entities to set up start-ups and develop their activity in Poland. The programme was presented by Deputy Prime Minister, Minister of Economic Development, Mateusz Morawiecki. “This is the largest start-ups support programme in Central and Eastern Europe, a new quality for our talented specialists – engineers, IT experts or designers”, said Deputy Prime Minister Morawiecki.

Jarosław Kaczyński, leader of the ruling party, also delivered a speech and said: “The question of what we can do about the fourth industrial revolution in Poland is fully justified.

This is a new challenge which must be considered – adding that unsuccessful attempts to carry out revolutions in our country were due to social or political factors”.

A significant part of the conference was the presentation of the Polish Development Fund, the largest platform of capital investments into innovative companies at early stages of development in Central and Eastern Europe created

by PFR Ventures as part of the Start in Poland programme. PFR Ventures will be responsible for managing venture capital investment

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Jarosław Gowin, Deputy Prime Minister, Minister of Science and Higher Education; Mateusz Morawiecki Deputy Prime Minister, Minister of Economic Development; Jadwiga Emilewicz Deputy Minister of Economic Development; Paweł Borys, President of Polski Fundusz Rozwoju S.A. funds with a value of PLN 2.8 billion. Its task is to support the development of the Polish venture capital and new technologies market.

“We are building the largest venture capital investments platform in the region’s history. Its purpose is to develop innovative businesses by providing capital and expert support. We want to stimulate private capital to engage in higher risk projects which offer potentially high rates of return. We want to finance modern technologies and Polish products and services which can succeed in the global market,” said Paweł Borys, President of Polski Fundusz Rozwoju S.A. (Polish Development Fund).

In accordance with the government’s Plan for Responsible Development, the Polish Development Fund Group is to be formed by the end of 2016. The Group will integrate under a coherent strategy and professional management standards such institutions like: KUKE S.A., Bank Gospodarstwa Krajowego (BGK), Polish Enterprise Development Agency, Polish Information and Foreign Investment Agency

(PAIiIZ) and Agency for Industrial Development (ARP). The strategic centre of the Group is Polski Fundusz Rozwoju S.A. This company was formed by transforming Polskie Inwestycje Rozwojowe S.A. The main areas of operation of Polski Fundusz Rozwoju S.A. include investments in small and medium-sized enterprises, financing and promotion of innovation, infrastructural projects, development of exports and foreign investments. The objective is to provide efficient tools for pursuing the policy of development, increasing Poland’s investment and economic potential within a single platform of development instruments for individual customers, entrepreneurs and local governments. The Polish Development Fund operates in accordance with the best international standards.

The guests at the conference included ministers Jarosław Gowin and Anna Streżyńska, businessmen Michał Sołowow and Janusz Filipiak, as well as former treasury minister Mikołaj Budzanowski.

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CONTACTS BETWEEN SCIENTISTS AND BUSINESS OFFER AN OPPORTUNITY FOR DEVELOPING IDEAS PROF. LEONARD ZIEMIAŃSKI, Vice-Rector of Rzeszów University of Technology talks to “Polish Market” Yesterday, during the Impact’16 conference deputy Prime Minister Mateusz Morawiecki announced that nearly PLN 3 billion from the Start in Poland programme would be invested in the development of start-ups in Poland. Is this good news for universities and the academic community?

Undoubtedly, this is good news for universities and the academic community, and above all, for students and graduates. This programme is bound to stimulate enterprise and innovation among students and scientists. The Start in Poland project will become yet another source allowing us to find business applications for solutions developed at the university.

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The strength of Rzeszów University of Technology lies mostly in the high level of teaching closely connected with research and co-operation with industry.

Can you think of a spectacular success of the university achieved in co-operation with industry?

The aforementioned three factors determine the success of our university. As regards co-operation with industry, I must admit that our university is a leader in Podkarpacie Region. The university collaborates with dozens of scientific and research institutions and with several hundred businesses. In order to improve these contacts, we have set up the Centre for Innovation and Technology Transfer. The result of this co-operation and at the same time a very good example showing its scale is a project entitled “Modern Material Technologies in Aerospace Industry” with a budget of more than PLN 115 PM

million. The main feature setting this project apart was a clear coupling of its objectives and research topics with the real needs of industry. The Rzeszów University of Technology was the project leader and the project itself has led to industrial implementation of many new technologies. We should mention here the first composite bridge in Poland built in Błażowa thanks to a project implemented together with the university.

What comes first: the idea or market requirement? Do you examine the market before creating a specific product for industry? Or maybe the product is a response to market needs?

First comes the idea which is then turned into a product responding to the needs of the market. Solutions created by our scientists in various areas, for instance, in the area of rehabilitation, are a response to the needs of the disabled. Those concerning construction are innovative solutions improving those already in existence or introducing a completely different, better quality. Academics are interested in co-operation because they perceive contacts with business as an opportunity to develop their own ideas. Moreover, we implement many projects and orders together with entrepreneurs, creating solutions which satisfy the needs of these companies.

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How does the university seek partners for transfering research findings into the marketplace?

First, we have to mention projects conducted jointly with businesses (for example, under programmes such as Innolot and Innotech), which directly lead to the PM

commercialisation of the solutions created in their course. Then, there are our information and promotion activities pursued through organisation and co-organisation and participation in conferences, fairs and various promotional campaigns. Finally, the achievements of our students and academics and their propagation in the media are the best example of the R&D potential of the university. Moreover, employees of the innovation centre try to make businesses interested in a given solution either during direct meetings or by sending an offer.

Rzeszów University of Technology has successes in space and satellite technology research. Is this particular branch of industry going to be the main direction for the university?

We miss the fact that our university is perceived and recognised as a leader in aviation, space and satellite technology. Suffice it to mention that we are the only university in Poland offering a master’s course for civilian aircraft pilots. We have our own Training Centre with tens of airplanes. This year, we signed a co-operation agreement with the Polish Space Agency (POLSA), and our contacts with NASA go back many years and result in regular visits of astronauts at our university.

Aviation and space technology is among the areas of smart specialisation of Podkarpackie Region. The development of this sector will focus mainly on the production potential, implementation of the latest technologies and building new research and development centres and engineering offices. Such development is impossible without a university specialising in technology.

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3rd POLISH CHEMICAL INDUSTRY CONGRESS

The 3rd Polish Chemical Industry Congress (2016) was held on June 15-16, 2016 in Kraków. It was organised by the Polish Chamber of Chemical Industry. The Congress is the most important event in the chemical sector in Central and Eastern Europe – its participants admit.

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epresentatives of the largest Polish and international companies and organisations operating in the chemical industry came to Kraków to discuss the prospects, strategy and challenges facing the sector in Poland and Europe. The panellists included Dorothee Arns, Executive Director, CEFIC, Petrochemicals Europe, Piotr Chełmiński, Member of the Board, PKN Orlen S.A., Boyan Georgiev, Business Development Director, Region Europe, Evonik Industries A.G., Tomasz Kalwat, President of the Board, Synthos S.A., Andreas Gietl, President of the Board, BASF Polska Sp. z o.o., Robert Stankiewicz, President of the Board, DOW Polska Sp. z o.o., Zenon Maślona, President of the Board, Brenntag Polska Sp. z o.o., Artur Kopeć, Vice-President of the Board, Grupa Azoty S.A., Rafał Miland, Vice-President of the Board, PERN S.A., Rune Mejer Rasmussen, Partner&Executive – Europe Industry Lead, Chemical Sector, IBM Global Business Services, Ilona Wołyniec, Director of the Strategic Customers Relations and Investment Projects Financing Division, PKO BP S.A. and Janusz Wiśniewski, Vice-President of the Polish Chamber of Commerce, Member of World Petroleum Council. Other persons taking part in the debates held during the Congress included representatives of the scientific community, such as Janusz Jurczak, Chairman of the Committee on Chemistry of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Prof. Karol Grela, University of Warsaw, Member of the Steering Committee of the Innochem Sectoral Programme and Prof. Jacek Kijeński, President of the Board, the Association of Chemical Industry Engineers and Technicians.

During the entire Congress the debates were followed by Paweł Gruza, Under-Secretary of State at the Ministry of the State Treasury. “We are glad that we have created a place where the most important representatives of public administration can listen to the voice of the

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industry and together seek ways of overcoming the problems facing the Polish economy,” said Dr Tomasz Zieliński, President of the Board, the Polish Chamber of Chemical Industry.

DEVELOPMENT OF THE CHEMICAL INDUSTRY AND INNOVATION AS THE MAIN TOPICS OF THE CONGRESS The topics of this year’s Polish Chemical Industry Congress included the most important issue regarding the functioning and development of the chemical sector: prospects of the industry against the backdrop of the global economy, new technologies, the role of distribution and transport, the climate and energy policy, research and innovation, investments, compliance, support functions and HR development.

“The chemical industry is the pride of the Polish economy,” Paweł Gruza stressed during the opening session. The words of the minister are corroborated by economic indices. In his address opening the Congress, Dr Tomasz Zieliński drew attention to the importance of the sector. “The chemical industry accounts for approximately 12% of Polish industry and is responsible for the impressive increase of employment seen in recent years, to 266,000 jobs in 2015,” said Tomasz Zieliński. “However, we must remember that we are still operating in a very difficult regulatory environment.”

A lot indicates that the relatively good situation of the Polish chemical industry can continue in the coming years. The sector has proved immune to many challenges: the situation in the international and internal market or regulatory issues. One of the advantages of the Polish chemical sector is that some 70% of its output goes to the end customers.

Experts agree that this is an impressive result. In addition, the sales channels of Polish companies rarely fail because the trust of customers won over many years is a capital which the sector knows how to use. Another advantage of Polish companies are their specialist employees.

One of the most important topics discussed during the Congress was innovation. In a Strategic Debate titled “Research and Innovation in the Chemical Industry” panellists indicated the need to deepen and reinforce the co-operation with science and of creating research centres by enterprises.”Apart from the basic function, setting up research centres also creates jobs and development staff competencies,” the panellists said during the debate.

Despite the positive sentiment prevailing among the sector’s representatives it is necessary to point out the challenges facing the Polish chemical industry. The most important of them are costs connected with national and Community regulations, such as those pertaining to the climate policy.

The good condition of Poland’s chemical sector is largely due to its efficient organisation.

The industry is able to work together when it comes to the most important issues, for instance, regulations concerning CO2 emissions and the power industry. The chemical industry has an effective spokesman in the form of the Polish Chamber of Chemical Industry, seen as a leading organisation of this type in Europe. “We represent the sector before public administration and Poland and the EU and look after its interests. Thus, we act on behalf of the entire Polish economy which is based on the chemical industry,” said Dr Tomasz Zieliński.

The Polish Chemical Industry Congress is the most important event dedicated to the chemical sector in Poland, as well as a leading platform for the exchange of best practices, ideas and strategies for the industry.

In addition to industry-wide topics, the discussions focused on the current issues in the scope of interest of the Polish Chamber of Chemical Industry and it’s Commissions.

An important topic of the Congress was occupational and process safety.

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POLAND HAS BECOME A MAJOR EXPORTER OF CHEMICALS PROF. JANUSZ LIPKOWSKI, Chairman of the Committee on Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences

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he Polish Chemical Industry congresses are organised by the Polish Chamber of Chemical Industry (PIPC) and attract managers and consultants working in the chemical sector. The range of subjects addressed during these events is very wide, commensurable with the role and importance of chemistry in the contemporary world. Apart from obvious topics involving production, marketing and sales, issues relating to all possible aspects of environmental protection are gaining in importance.

Poland has rich traditions when it comes to the chemical industry. Suffice it to mention Professor Ignacy Mościcki, Poland’s prewar president, promoter and organiser of the chemical sector, or Professor Wojciech Świętosławski, Minister of Public Enlightenment and Religion in the pre-war period and an outstanding chemist who also contributed greatly to the creation of a modern chemical industry in Poland after 1945. The communists attempted to turn the chemical industry into a leading branch of the economy (the famous “chemisation of the economy” programme), but they failed to achieve any significant success on the planned scale under the existing organisational conditions. However, thanks to a huge contribution made by many outstanding chemists, Polish chemistry reached a high level of development and Poland became a major exporter of chemicals as well as Polish

technologies. Some of those achievements still continue to benefit the economy.

The transformation of the political system in Poland was fraught with enormous difficulties and their adverse effects can be felt even today.

However, Poland’s chemical sector is showing exceptional dynamism. The huge stateowned behemoths were replaced with numerous grass-root initiatives which then turned into agreements on a larger scale, thus creating a modern organisation system of this industry. Co-operation with the giants of the global chemical sector (I counted the representatives of eight such companies entered in the programme of the Congress) and reliance on our own innovation potential are new and important development tendencies. The latter issue has enormous development potential. It should receive much more government support than is the case now and, importantly, it should also be supported by companies. Since this matter has been included in the agenda of the Congress, I make no criticism of it in the context of the event that covers a very wide range of discussion topics. However, I cannot resist the temptation to mention this matter as an area which is still insufficiently addressed at the national level. At the same time, maintaining Poland’s role as a creative participant in the global development process depends on that and requires robust pro-development decisions. As the outgoing Chairman of the Committee on Chemistry of the Polish Academy of Sciences, I can say

on behalf of the scientific community working in this area that we are awaiting more support for innovation in chemistry, particularly in the case where Polish companies are reluctant to invest in the future. Fortunately, one can also name organisational success in this field, such as the Poznań Science and Technology Park, whose leader and organiser Prof. Bogdan Marciniec has received the Honorary Pearl award in the Economy category from “Polish Market.”

There are also other success stories, but their number should be much greater in a country where chemistry as a science continues to occupy one of the top two places in international rankings; and with physics finds itself in the top ten. I have no doubt that the participation in the Congress of the current Chairman of the Committee on Chemistry of the Polish Academy of Sciences Professor Janusz Jurczak, who understands perfectly well the issues of science and economic practice, will contribute to strengthening the collaboration between Polish scientists and the industry, including in areas such as environmental protection and medical chemistry.

Finally, I would like to suggest to the Congress organisers making the event accessible on-line to a large group of Polish chemists. In the current state of the information technology this should pose no problems and would contribute greatly to the development of the co-operation between science and industry.

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Cultural Monitor

WE INVITE YOU TO VISIT POLAND – FROM THE BALTIC SEA

TO THE TATRA MOUNTAINS. MANY IMPORTANT CULTURAL EVENTS AWAIT YOU HERE. MACIEJ PROLIŃSKI PRESENTS SOME OF THEM.

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PEN’ER FESTIVAL – ONE OF THE LARGEST AND MOST IMPORTANT INTERDISCIPLINARY POPULAR CULTURE FESTIVALS IN POLAND, TWICE-WINNER OF THE EUROPEAN FESTIVAL AWARDS IN THE BEST MAJOR FESTIVAL CATEGORY – WILL BE HELD BETWEEN JUNE 29 AND JULY 2, 2016 AT THE GDYNIA – KOSAKOWO AIRFIELD. During the 15th edition of the event the artists appearing on the four festival stages will include Red Hot Chilli Peppers, PJ Harvey, Sigur Rós, Florence & The Machine, At The Drive In and many others. Open’er is not just about music. The festival also presents visual arts in collaboration with the Museum of Modern Art in Warsaw, theatrical productions staged in co-operation with Teatr Nowy in Warsaw, documentary ALTERKINO, fashion and promotes book reading.

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HE 22ND EDITION OF THE INTERNATIONAL OPEN-AIR FESTIVAL, JAZZ AT THE OLD TOWN, BEGINS ON JULY 1. THE INAUGURATION OF THE EVENT WILL BE HELD AT POLISH RADIO’S LUTOSŁAWSKI CONCERT HALL WITH A PERFORMANCE BY THE TRIO OF STEFANO BOLLANI – A STAR OF EUROPEAN JAZZ AND A PIANO VIRTUOSO FROM ITALY. This is the most popular and largest jazz festival in Poland in terms of the audience and one of the longest jazz festivals in Europe. It lasts for two months with concerts on every Saturday in July and August. Entry to all festival events is free. This year’s stars performing, as the name of the event implies, at Warsaw’s Old Town include: Bireli Lagrene Gypsy Trio – Tribute to Django Reinhardt, Ulf Wakenius Trio - A Wes Montgomery Celebration, Antonio Serrano Flame&Co Quartet, New York Jazz Masters (Greg Osby, Mark Soskin, Rory Stuart, Matt Penman, Greg Hutchinson), Cyrus Chestnut Trio feat. Buster Williams & Lenny White.

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ULTURE’S EAST is a project integrating the artistic communities from cities in eastern Poland (Białystok, Lublin, Rzeszów) and artists from countries belonging to the Eastern Partnership (Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Moldova and Ukraine), organised by the National Centre for Culture and the three aforementioned cities. The aim of the project is to jointly discover what is inimitable in each of the cultures, and to exchange artistic experiences. In 2016, Culture’s East will be held for a fourth time. This year’s edition of the Other Sounds Art’n’Music Festival is scheduled for July 6-10.

Over five days, Lublin will play host to artists from 10 countries, representing three continents. Performers such as Shibusashirazu Orchestra, Tortoise or Easy Star All Stars will give their only concerts in Poland. Culture’s East will conclude with the Other Dimension Festival in Białystok lasting between September 1 and 4. Its programme includes over 30 events and more than 200 artists from seven countries (also from China and India). Other Dimension of Music offers concerts such as Asian Dub Foundation or “Different Languages – One Music” oratorio. The programme also includes “Ksenia”, a play staged by Czrevo Theatre.

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N JULY 21-31, WROCŁAW WILL HOST THE 16TH EDITION OF THE T-MOBILE NEW HORIZONS INTERNATIONAL FILM FESTIVAL – THE LARGEST AND ONE OF THE MOST IMPORTANT FILM EVENTS IN POLAND. This year’s edition of the festival takes place at a very special moment. In 2016, Wrocław is the European Capital of Culture. For this reason several special events have been prepared for the festival. One of them is the Polish preview of the “Lost Highway” opera at the National Music Forum directed by Natalia Korczakowska (July 21). The author of the libretto based on the screenplay of the movie “Lost Highway” by David Lynch and Barry Gifford is the Austrian Nobel Prize winner Elfriede Jelinek. Music was composed by Olga Neuwirth. As regards events strictly relating to movies, films by directors from different generations who have shaped cinematography on our continent will be screened in the “Masters of European Cinema” cycle. There will be a retrospective look at the output of Nanni Moretti, an outstanding Italian artist, winner of the Palme d’Or Award in Cannes for his 2001 film “The Son’s Room”. A review entitled “Basque Cinema – Three Generations of Directors” has been prepared in collaboration with the Spanish city San Sebastian, this year’s second European Capital of Culture”. Its programme includes works of such directors as Victor Erice, Montxo Armendáriz, Imanol Uribe or Julio Médem.

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RZYSTANEK WOODSTOCK is an event created by Jurek Owsiak and his Great Orchestra of Christmas Charity Foundation which organises a huge nation wide charity campaign in Poland culminating every second Sunday of January. The festival is a “thank you” for the volunteers and the largest open-air music festival in Europe. It is free and attracts an audience of 500,000. This year, the 22nd Przystanek Woodstock will be held on July 14-16. The date has been changed because the World Youth Day takes place on July 26-31 in Kraków. During this year’s edition dozens of artists from Poland and abroad will perform on three stages. They include bands such as Hey, Apocalyptica or Living Colour. Just like every year, as part of the “Academy of the Finest Arts”, there will be meetings with outstanding personalities from the world of culture, politics and sport.

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HE SHAKESPEARE FESTIVAL, ORGANISED BY THE THEATRUM GEDANENSE FOUNDATION, WILL BE HELD IN GDAŃSK ON JULY 29 – AUGUST 7. The history of the festival goes back to 1993 when the first Gdańsk Shakespeare Days were organised. In 1997, during celebrations to commemorate Gdańsk’s millennium, the format was extended leading to the creation of the Shakespeare Festival. Since then, every August the Foundation endeavours to bring to the city the most interesting adaptations of Shakespeare’s plays from Poland and abroad. The 20th edition of the festival too will see some great names and outstanding productions. There will be plays from Poland, Great Britain, France or Iran. The stars include the British performance theatre Forced Entertainment.

Gdańsk will be also visited by Romeo Castellucci’s play “Julius Caesar. Fragments”, inspired by one of the most successful works

by Castellucci - “Julius Caesar” of 1997.

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HE 12TH EDITION OF THE “CHOPIN AND HIS EUROPE” INTERNATIONAL FESTIVAL OF MUSIC WILL BE HELD IN WARSAW ON AUGUST 15-31. The aim of the event is to promote Polish musical culture and present the works of Chopin in a wide cultural context, reaching the diverse sources of this style, “discovering” the connections with his contemporary composers and composers of future generations. This objective is achieved through a presentation of a wide spectrum of European works composed between the 18th century and now. The festival is organised by the Fryderyk Chopin National Institute. This year’s edition is yet another confrontation of Chopin’s works with the music of composers closest to him, such as Bach, Mozart, Haydn or Bellini, as well as bold and traditionally outstanding performances. The performers include stars of the most important concert halls, among others, Martha Argerich, Katia and Marielle Labéque, Nelson Goerner and Yulianna Avdeeva.

Special chamber concerts by the best quartets will also be held featuring Belcea Quartet, Apollon Musagete and Szymanowski Quartet. There are also going to be symphonic concerts by the European Union Youth Orchestra conducted by Vasily Petrenko, Sinfonia Varsovia under Grzegorz Nowak and Symphony Orchestra of the National Philharmonic conducted by Jacek Kaspszyk.

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NTIL AUGUST 28 THE NATIONAL MUSEUM IN WARSAW INVITES YOU TO A NEW AND VERY INTERESTING EXHIBITION ENTITLED “BRESCIA. RENAISSANCE IN NORTHERN ITALY. MORETTO – SAVOLDO – MORONI. RAPHAEL – TITIAN – LOTTO” presenting nearly 50 paintings by the masters of Northern Italian Renaissance: works from Pinacoteka Tosia Martinenga in Brescia, Accademia Carrara in Bergamo and from private Italian collections, as well as a number of canvases by masters from the Lombardy and Venice region lent by Polish collectors. The exhibition is completed by an important painting by Raphael (1483-1520) titled “Christ

Blessing”. Raphael, the youngest of the three genius artists of Italian renaissance, apart from Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo, was considered a divine painter and his works became a symbol of renaissance harmony and a benchmark of perfection. The exhibition allows us to compare a work of this great master with paintings by his contemporaries working in Northern Italy. The ascetic and tasteful setting is the work of Boris Kudlička, an outstanding stage designer. It also helps us to notice and understand the sources and most important assumptions of the Renaissance painting of Northern Italy.

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HE YEAR 2016 WITNESSES THE 50TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE INTERNATIONAL POSTER BIENNIAL – THE WORLD’S LARGEST AND MOST PRESTIGIOUS POSTER ART EVENT. THE 25TH EDITION OF THE BIENNIAL IS OF SPECIAL, ORIGINAL AND INNOVATIVE CHARACTER. ITS MAIN EVENT IS THE “POSTER – REMEDIATIONS” EXHIBITION STAGED AT THE POSTER MUSEUM IN WILANÓW, RUNNING UNTIL SEPTEMBER 25, 2016. This modern, interactive exhibition is dedicated to the history of posters, their presence in the public space, constant changes and social contexts in which they function. It contains monumental reconstructions based on posters, offers mobile phone applications turning advertisements into works of art. There are also documentations of artistic activities and artistic animations of classical posters awarded prizes in the past editions of the International Poster Biennial.

The curator of the exhibition is David Crowley.

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HE INTERNATIONAL CHOPIN FESTIVALS IN DUSZNIKI ZDRÓJ HAVE BEEN HELD ANNUALLY SINCE 1946. THIS IS THE LONGEST-RUNNING PIANO FESTIVAL IN THE WORLD AND ALSO POLAND’S OLDEST FESTIVAL OF MUSIC. The local Chopin’s Manor House is a place where world-class artists and lovers of Chopin and piano music have been meeting for a number of generations. The festival is accompanied by master classes taught by outstanding teachers. The 71st International Chopin Festival in Duszniki-Zdrój will be held on August 5-14, 2016. It will be inaugurated by SeongJin Cho, the winner of the 17th Chopin Competition in Warsaw. The programme also includes recitals by artists such as Christian Zacharias, Alexander Gadjiev and Kate Liu.

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OWARDS THE END OF AUGUST, A NUMBER OF COLOURFUL FOLK ENSEMBLES FROM VARIOUS, OFTEN DISTANT, PARTS OF THE WORLD COME TO ZAKOPANE TO PARTICIPATE IN THE INTERNATIONAL FESTIVAL OF HIGHLAND FOLKLORE. THIS YEAR, WE INVITE YOU TO THE 48TH EDITION OF THIS FESTIVAL OF HIGHLANDERS IN ZAKOPANE ON AUGUST 19 - 26.

The Zakopane festival is a prestigious folk event widely recognised not just in Poland but also abroad. Over the last 47 years it has seen nearly 530 ensembles from over 60 countries and some 200 from Poland. The competition format of the festival has withstood the test of time and currently attracts musicians from different countries and continents who want to compete for the main prize – “Golden Axe”. Moreover, the festival is one of the most important elements making up the unique climate of Zakopane and its cultural landscape. This one-of-a-kind event is an attractive proposition in the town’s cultural offer which attracts scores of fans from all over Poland. Tourists come to the foothills of the Mount Giewont to share a folk adventure with highlanders from various parts of the world.

During this year’s festival the audiences will have a chance to admire performances by highlanders from the Buriat Region in Russia, Nepal, Monti Ernici, south-eastern Anatolia, and of course our Tatra Mountains.

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Culture

PROF. ANDRZEJ BETLEJ, Director of the National Museum in Kraków, talks to Maciej Proliński.

EXHIBITIONS – EVENTS NOT CONFINED TO MUSEUMS At the time of your appointment to the post of director of the National Museum in Kraków (NMK) there was talk in the museum community of a breakthrough in the history of this institution, of generational change. In January 2016 you replaced Zofia Gołubiew who had stood at the helm of this museum for 15 years. What can you tell us about this change? Culture is a process and it seems that it does not really like revolutions...

Some people may have been surprised by my arrival at the museum. As regards to changes, the National Museum in Kraków is a huge institution. When I took up my post it had more than 600 employees. This is a very large number of people and departments. They can be found not only in Kraków, but also in Zakopane. The changes expected by the staff, connected with my name, cannot be revolutionary. One just cannot change everything at the start or make drastic changes. On the other hand, all these changes are designed to improve the efficiency of this grand institution in the area of communication. This is consistent with the suggestions made by the employees themselves. I am also convinced that it is necessary to change the way in which the potential of the people working here is exploited. Until now it has not been fully explored. Here, the amended organisational rules and regulations of our institutions prove helpful. While still working as the director of the History of Art Institute at the Jagiellonian PM

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University, since September 1, 2015, the date of my appointment, I intensively analysed the structure and nature of work at the Museum. I did not come to the Museum alone. Dr Łukasz Gaweł, who had previously worked on designing many museum strategies, conducted audits and has published extensively, was appointed deputy director for strategy, development and communication. Paweł Orkisz is now deputy director for management. Dr Andrzej Szczerski is the new deputy director for research. During his tenure at the History of Art Institute, he conducted curatorial studies and prepared a number of important exhibitions. All this makes him perfectly qualified for performing these tasks.

Each museum must also be a research institution because scholarly work underpins its entire activity. Therefore, in short, this is what the current change entails.

Cultural institutions, including museums, are today the most attractive element of what a country can offer to tourist. Does Poland look after these tangible and intangible assets with sufficient care? How would you assess the role of the State in this respect, but also the co-operation between the NMK and private patrons of the arts?

On the one hand, until recently, museums used to be very elitist places associated with rather conservative issues. Today, museums are becoming much more active institutions, PM

pursuing their activity “among the people.”

They launch extensive educational programmes, issue numerous publications which strongly supplement their core activity which is to protect collections or organise exhibitions. It is impossible not to notice that the State is increasingly looking after institutions such as museums.

Our existence is guaranteed by the State and the current economic situation is of no great importance here. However, there is no doubt that institutions with long traditions, well-established prestige and valuable ideas have it easier than others. Every year, our museum applies for new funds and its appreciation grows, although the needs also increase and we cannot forget our employees because they make up the Museum.

How do you intend to balance between things such as new platforms of communication with art audiences, the requirement of the times, and the canon of this place?

We are an institution rich in collections. The National Museum in Kraków has in excess of 800,000 exhibits including objects from all eras.

The core of the collection is Polish art: paintings, sculptures, drawings and decorative art objects. Another asset is our authentic interiors. Today we must strike a balance between this value and the new media, new platforms of communication with art audiences, between venerable history and multi-media. I can also say without false modesty that the NMK has PM

Culture a perfect education department and our offer of “propagating” exhibitions is considered among the best in Poland. In my opinion, exhibitions should not be confined to the walls of museums. It is hard to underestimate the importance of educational activity. Our largest exhibitions will have extensive cultural roots. If next year we organise an exhibition dedicated to Stanisław Wyspiański then the NMK will be the operator of Wyspański’s urban route. This move is intended to launch the process of restoring the memory of one of the most outstanding Polish artists.

What are the most important events, other strong exhibition signals planned by the NMK in 2016 and 2017? I think we should mention here that the Józef Czapski Pavilion, named after this great intellectual so badly needed today, has been with us since this year...

The Józef Czapski Pavilion, dedicated to this outstanding Polish intellectual, artist and witness of the history of the 20th century, was opened in April 2016. This is a unique place. The most important part of the Pavilion is a permanent exhibition telling the story of his life and work. Its author is Krystyna Zachwatowicz. It allows visitors to track not just the biography of the artist, but also almost the entire history of Poland, and to a smaller extent, Europe, in the 20th century, as witnessed by Czapski. Selected fragments of his books provide a commentary to the events in which Czapski participated.

The exhibition combines the traditional form of museum display where the most important elements are authentic exhibits, and in the case of writers and painters, their works, with contemporary multimedia. “Czapski was a model Pole, the quintessence of Polishness,” said the poet Adam Zagajewski, member of the Programme Board of the Czapski Pavilion, during PM

Exhibition dedicated to Polish Legions.

Photo: The National Museum in Kraków.

its opening. I think that we should remember these words and remember this place and its hero... The most important event in this year’s programme will be “Maria. Mater Misericordiae,” an exhibition organised as part of the World Youth Day Kraków 2016. It will include works of outstanding Italian, French, Dutch and German artists working between the 12th and the 18th century, among them such famous names as Donatello and Giotto! This is the biggest exhibition of early modern art in Poland! We want the year 2017 to pass under the aegis of the exhibition which will not be limited to a simple historical narration but will involve all our departments, becoming an anthropological mosaic, and the aforementioned exhibition dedicated to Stanisław Wyspiański, which we consider extremely important. For the first time we are going to show some of the less well known works

by Wyspiański, including his sketch books, or even books from his library.

Are you planning further collaboration with the National Museum in Warsaw? The exhibition of Olga Boznańska’s works or “The Gierymski Brothers” proved huge successes of the two museums, both artistically and in terms of the number of visitors.

Certainly. In October 2016 in Kraków, we are opening an exhibition currently presented in Królikarnia in Warsaw, a branch of the National Museum in Warsaw, entitled “Rodin / Dunikowski. Woman in the field of vision”, documenting the importance of women in the works of Auguste Rodin and Xawery Dunikowski, the two most important sculptors in the history of French and Polish art.

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Since June 3 an exhibition dedicated to Polish Legions, the first Polish military formation in the 20th century, operating prior to the First World War, mostly in the area

under Austrian control, can be seen at the National Museum in Kraków. Let’s talk more about the idea underpinning this exhibition. How is it different from the one presented two years ago at the Main Building of the NMK? Between June 2016 and January 2017, we are showing an exhibition of the legionnaire art from the collection of the Polish Army Museum in Warsaw and the NMK. This very interesting exhibition was not included in the programme drawn up by the previous management, so we had to prepare it very quickly, on the hoof, so to speak. I must add that this is the first such collaboration between our institutions. In short, the “Polish Legions 19141918” exhibition from two years ago was a story about history. The one organised now is a completely new story about the art of the Legions.

Their ranks included 180 painters, sculptors and printmakers. The idea of the Legions was also supported by professors of the Academy of Fine Arts in Kraków: Leon Wyczółkowski and Julian Fałat who had gone to the Volyn front as war painters. Their guide and guardian was Stefan Sonnewend, a graduate of the Academy, who served in the Legions since 1914. He drew a portrait of Wyczółkowski working on a sketch depicting a military scene. This drawing has been chosen as one of the prominent images of the exhibition and can be seen on posters promoting it. In the Main Building of the NMK we are showing a total or nearly 200 works of art: paintings, watercolours, drawings, sculptures created by artists serving in the Polish Legions, and their supporters, such as Wojciech Kossak.

I must stress that 90% of these works are shown for the first time! This is a real treat for all visitors, allowing them to discover that the history of the Legions also has another dimensionone connected with the history of Polish art.

• This aspect is often overlooked.

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Culture

JOURNEY TO THE SOURCES Iubileum 966–2016 Z A MEK KRÓLEWSKI W WAR SZ AWIE – MUZEUM 23 CZERWCA – 7 SIER PNIA 2016 S P O N S O R Z Y W Y S TA W Y

Drzwi Gnieźnieńskie, kwatera XI ze sceną chrztu, Bazylika Prymasowska Wniebowzięcia NMP w Gnieźnie. Fot. Wojciech Wójcik/BE&W

Sacrum Poloniae

“Sacrum Poloniae Iubileum 966 –2016” – an exhibition relating to the early Christianity in Poland, organised on the event of the World Youth Day, can be seen at the Royal Castle in Warsaw between June 23 and August 7, 2016.

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Oficjalny Ubezpieczyciel Zamku Królewskiego w Warszawie – Muzeum

Partner Zamku Królewskiego w Warszawie – Muzeum

Maciej Proliński

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his year we are celebrating the 1050th anniversary of Poland’s baptism.

This event is considered the beginning of our statehood. In the year 966, Prince Mieszko I confirmed his pact with the Czechs by converting to Christianity and the Polish state occupying a territory similar to that of contemporary Poland joined the commonwealth of Christian Europe. Since the written records describing those times are few and far between, in many cases we can only speculate. However, the significance of the adoption of Christianity for the newly-emerged Poland and for the rest of its complicated history is beyond any question.

The real pride of the exhibition held at the Castle to commemorate the 1050th anniversary of the baptism of Poland and organised on the eve of the World Youth Day is one of the most important works to have come from the studio of the painter Stanisław Samostrzelnik. This is “Catalogus archiepiscoporum Gnesnensium” (Catalogue of Gniezno Archbishops) by Jan Długosz.

This beautifully illuminated 16th century manuscript is among the most precious relics of early Polish writing. Its historical and aesthetic value is extraordinary. Its creation is associated with three very important figures in the history of the Church: the chronicler Jan Długosz

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(1415-1480), Piotr Tomicki (1464-1535), Kraków Bishop, diplomat and politician, patron of the arts, who commissioned the work, and the outstanding Renaissance illuminator Stanisław Samostrzelnik (1480-1541), a monk at the Cistercian abbey in Mogiła near Kraków.

The book presents Gniezno and Kraków bishops. Information about their lineage, activities and church foundations emphasises the continuity of succession and rank of the two most important offices in the Polish church hierarchy. The text, penned by Długosz, is brilliantly augmented by the iconography of Stanisław Samostrzelnik comprising official images of the bishops in their pontifical vestments, their patron saints, and also landscapes and floral ornaments.

Without all these images of bishops, the story of early Christianity in Poland would have been incomplete. The same applies to the “Rocznik świętokrzyski dawny” (Yearbook of the Holy Cross Mountain Region), the oldest surviving historiographic work in the country. Here we find information on events taking place during the earliest period of Polish statehood in the years 948–1119. There is information about the marriage of Mieszko I and Dąbrówka and the Baptism of Poland: “Dubrovka venit ad Miskonem” (Dąbrówka came to Mieszko), “Mysko dux baptizatur” (Prince Mieszko was baptised).

Visitors can also admire other treasures, some only rarely put on display, including “Sakramentarz tyniecki” (Tyniec Sacramentary) with dozens of pages coloured with purple and written in gold. This richly ornamented codex is the oldest liturgical manuscript remaining in Poland since the 11th century, but also an intriguing source of knowledge about the culture of the state under the Piast dynasty.

The unique Wrocław chalice is also connected with the spread of the new religion and the building of the church organisation. Made in the 10th century, it is among the oldest liturgical vessels preserved in our country. We can now admire it in Warsaw. The central point of the exhibition is a replica of the famous Gniezno Doors made in the second half of the 12th century for the Gniezno cathedral. This famous Romanesque work of art presents the life of St. Adalbert. The exhibition is completed by a replica of the lance of St. Maurice, one of the most important insignia of imperial authority, gifted by Emperor Otto III to Polish ruler Bolesław Chrobry in the year 1000. This work remains a principal symbol of Poland’s sovereignty. The exhibits presented come from the collections of: The Museum of Early Polish History in Gniezno, National Library in Warsaw, National Museum in Kraków, Regional Museum in Toruń and the Royal Cas• tle in Warsaw.

Photo: Marek Bałata

CANTATA “MYŚLĄC OJCZYZNA” ON THE OCCASION OF THE NATO SUMMIT IN WARSAW

Culture

The first performance of Włodek Pawlik’s new composition – Cantata “Myśląc Ojczyzna” on the occasion of the NATO Summit in Warsaw, will take place in the Teatr Wielki-Polish National Opera on July 1, 2016. Apart from our multi-talented pianist and composer, Włodek Pawlik as a soloist, other participants include among others: the Polish National Radio Symphony Orchestra conducted by Marcina Nałęcz-Niesiołowskiego and Polski Chór Kameralny Schola Cantorum Gedanensis. The event is organised by the Kresy Historii Foundation, Ministry of Defence, Teatr Wielki- Polish National Opera and offers an opportunity to meet with this very busy Polish artist who always guarantees the highest quality. The Honorary Patron of the event is Prof. Piotr Gliński, deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Culture and National Heritage. It is also a chance to fathom the secret of art...

Maciej Proliński

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łodek Pawlik is the hottest name in Polish jazz today.

In January 2014 in Los Angeles he collected the prestigious Grammy Award in the “best large jazz ensemble album” category. He is the first Polish jazz musician to have received this “musical Oscar.” The work was commissioned by the director of the Kalisz Philharmonics, conductor Adam Klocek, to commemorate 1850 years of the town of Kalisz. Włodek Pawlik is among the most outstanding Polish jazz pianists. He graduated from Warsaw’s Fryderyk Chopin University of Music in the piano class of Professor Barbara Hesse-Bukowska, and also from Hochschule für Musik und Darstellende Kunst in Hamburg. His discography includes more than ten albums. He is a winner of numerous national and international competitions.

He performs on all continents. We also writes symphonic, vocal and chamber music. We can also hear his jazz-tinged music in Polish movies, mostly directed by Dorota Kędzierzawska (“Crows,” “Time to Die,” “Another World”).

His music is always excellent. Its tone is noble. It has fire. Last year, the musician received our Honorary Pearl in the “culture” category.

This year is also rich in attractions for the fans of this top class music-making. There are concerts of the Włodek Pawlik Trio during which the Grammy winner presents pieces from his excellent album entitled “America.” Pawlik openly admits that this album is the result of his musical fascinations over the last 30 years. Here, he does not limit himself to typical jazz compositions. Apart from pieces written at different times, but never before recorded, he has translated into the language of his trio (Cezary Konrad – drums; Paweł Pańta – double bass) some favourite motifs from the movies with his scores, including films directed by Dorota Kędzierzawska and Borys Lankosz. He also pays homage to great Polish patriotic composers: Fryderyk Chopin and Ignacy Jan Paderewski – by playing jazz transcriptions of their music. Thanks to the album “America” and the concerts, we see Włodek Pawlik as a versatile composer and

pianist with huge sensitivity, brilliant intuition and his inimitable sound. Listening to Paderewski’s nocturne I cannot escape associations with Krzysztof Komeda Trzciński (1931-1969), the most famous Polish jazz and film composer whose works are known all over the world.

And just recently, on June 24, 2016, Włodek’s new symphonic-jazz album “4 Works 4 Orchestra” has its Polish release.

“It is a unique collection of my compositions.

All of them are set in the style of contemporary classical music with improvised jazz elements. I hope that it forms a coherent whole and also presents my less well known side – that of a composer,” declared Pawlik. The album contains four symphonic pieces: 2nd Piano Concerto, “We Are From Here,” “Cellomania” and “Puls 11/8” with the participation of Myślenicka Chamber Orchestra “Concertino” conducted by Michał Maciaszczyk and Włodek Pawlik Trio. Apart from Włodek Pawlik, the soloists include: Łukasz Pawlik – piano and cello and Natalia Jarząbek – flute.

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Culture

OPERA WHICH UNITES...

We already know the plans of the Polish National Opera in Warsaw for the 2016/2017 season. Co-productions with the biggest opera stages, presence of outstanding directors, singers and conductors, diversity of the repertoire – all this makes the Opera House a place worth visiting. The forthcoming season will be no different in this respect.

Maciej Proliński

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he season will be inaugurated on October 21, 2016 with the premiere of the opera “Goplana” by Władysław Żeleński. Its libretto is based on Juliusz Słowacki’s “Balladyna.” It will be the first production of this piece on the stage of the National Opera. The opera will be directed by Janusz Wiśniewski with the soloists including Małgorzata Walewska and Wioletta Chodowicz. Waldemar Dąbrowski, Director of Teatr Wielki-Polish National Opera, stresses that the inclusion in the repertoire of another work by a Polish composer is an element of a bigger plan: “‘Goplana’ is an important element of our artistic plan created with the year 2018 in mind. In two years’ time Poland will celebrate the 100th anniversary of regaining independence. We want to create a festival of masterpieces from the national treasury on our stage by presenting works such as “Straszny dwór” (The Haunted Manor) by Stanisław Moniuszko, “Goplana”

by Władysław Żeleński, but also “Król Roger” (King Roger) by Karol Szymanowski, “Manru”

by Ignacy Jan Paderewski and “Eros i Psyche” (Eros and Psyche) by Ludomir Różycki”. Waldemar Dąbrowski also poins out that the New York Metropolitan Opera is going to open its season in September 2016 with “Tristan and Isolde” directed by Mariusz Treliński, artistic director of the Polish National Opera, which should be seen as a great success of the Polish opera.

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In December 2016, there will be the premiere of the “Magic Flute” by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. Ten years ago this opera was staged here by Achim Freyer. This time, the canonical work will be directed by Suzanne Andrade and Barry Kossky with Andriy Yurkevych in charge of the music. In March 2017, another premiere from the opera canon will be staged: “The Turk in Italy” by Gioachino Rossini directed by Christopher Alden. It is a co-production with the Festival in Aix-enProvence, Teatro Regio di Torino and Opera de Dijon. The last premiere of the season is planned for June 2017. Mariusz Treliński is to stage Erich Wolfgang Korngold’s little-known expressionist opera “The Dead City.” After emigrating to the USA, Korngold, an Austrian composer, became one of the main suppliers of scores for Hollywood film productions.

This time it will be a co-production with Gran Teatre del Liceu in Barcelona with soloists: Charles Workman and Marlis Petersen, and Lothar Koenigs as the conductor.

Moreover, three very interesting ballet premiers are also in the pipeline. The first of them, planned for the end of November 2016, is the “Chopiniana” – “Bolero” – “Chroma” triple bill choreographed by Mikhail Fokin, Krzysztof Pastor and Wayne McGregor. Krzysztof Pastor, Director of the Polish National Ballet, is also working on the choreography of the world’s most famous ballet: “Swan Lake” by Pyotr Tchaikovsky! The premiere is scheduled

for May 2017. We should also mention the appearance at the theatre of Izadora Weiss with her ballet entitled “Darkness,” which is based on the “Heart of Darkness” by Joseph Conrad.

The premiere is scheduled for June 2017.

There are also going to be numerous interesting repertoire repeats from the past seasons, including contemporary Polish operas: “Pasażerka” (The Passenger) by Mieczysław Weinberg directed by David Pountney, and “Moby Dick” by Eugeniusz Knapik directed

by Barbara Wysocka.

Last year, the Polish National Opera launched its own VOD (video-on-demand) platform and commenced co-operation with the European Opera Platform. The first play available in this system was Moniuszko’s “Straszny dwór” (The Haunted Manor), so far attracting 130,000 viewers on both platforms.

Streaming of the opera “Goplana” is planned for November 3, 2016.

As they say in the theatre, opera means dialogue, exchange of thoughts and ideas. This is a synthesis of arts, the most perfect embodiment of the correspondance des arts idea.

“Opera unites” is the slogan of the advertising campaign announcing the latest season featuring, among others, Jerzy Maksymiuk, conductor, and Sebastian Karpiel-Bułecka, violinist and vocalist, Małgorzata Walewska, mezzosoprano, and Wojciech Pszoniak, actor, Zofia Posmysz, writer, and Wioletta Chodowicz, soprano.

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Food Industry

BEEF-FLAVOURED CANDY FLOSS Tomasz Parzybut

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nother family picnic was held in the park next to the Office of the Prime Minister on the occasion of the Children’s Day. This year’s slogan of the event was “Children Rule.”

Since the start of the four-year history of these picnics, the Association of Polish Butchers and Meat Processors (SRW RP) has been providing support and taking part in the event. This year, too, the SRW RP prepared a lot of attractions which brought crowds of youngsters and their carers to our stall.

Beef-flavoured candy floss, cookies made by the participants in the shapes of cows and sheep, bread-making lessons and a delicious goulash soup led to long queues forming in front of our stand right after the start of the event.

“Delicious goulash and fresh bread,” Marzanna Kowalczyk, who came to the picnic with her two children voiced her appreciation. While she was waiting in the line, her children – Filip and Andżelika – sat at a table with other kids and formed cookies.

Then, the time came to do some colouring followed by the presentation of pendants to all the children.

However, there were many other attractions in the park. Scientific experiments, an inflatable playground, moped simulator, robotics workshops and molecular cuisine – these were just some of a long list of surprises.

However, the beef-flavoured candy floss turned out to be one of the star attractions.

This was confirmed by the Minister of Labour and Social Policy herself who appeared at our stand with her daughter and granddaughter: “I was intrigued. Just like everybody else, I wanted to taste this famous candy floss. However, when we arrived it turned

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The Association of Polish Butchers and Meat Processors (SRW RP) podpis Family picnic in the park next to the Office of the Prime Minister on the occasion of the Children’s Day. out that there were many more attractions – admitted Elżbieta Rafalska.

Also Deputy Prime Minister Piotr Gliński showed up driven by curiosity. We asked him how he liked the festivities: “I am here for the first time, and it’s a pity because this is really very interesting. Attractions are intended for children but their parents too have things to do. I like your stand very much. Besides, I saw a reconstruction group and a stall arranged by a museum with old swords on display.

Also Deputy Minister of Agriculture Jacek Bogucki did not hide his satisfaction: “ I must

admit that I like such events very much. I was a teacher for a number of years. I am glad to see how all this has been organised by our department, the Agricultural Market Agency and organisations such as yours,” he said praising the event.

In just under six hours the park next to the Office of the Prime Minister was visited by nearly 15,000 people. We estimate that our stall attracted almost as many. We can guarantee that next year we will come again bringing further interesting attractions.

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ONE HEALTH

Food Industry

ONE WAY TO THE WORLD

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ne Heath is among the most often mentioned ideas in the context of sustainable development.

It is based on the co-operation between such components like clean environment, animal health and human health. FreshMazovia has for several years been taking steps aimed at implementing good practices in this respect in the horticultural sector.

This year, this is also the main topic of the 3rd Food Safety Congress co-organised by us.

The Food Safety Congress is one of the most important events in the field of food safety in Central and Eastern Europe. This year’s congress is a fifth event organised together with the SGGW, but a third under the name Food Safety Congress. The prestige of the event is attested also by the venues where past editions were held, such as the Column Room at the Parliament or the Crystal Hall at the SGGW. Due to the combination of research results presented by scientists with practical aspects presented by the world of business, with the proceedings overseen by State administration, these congresses have always been well received by business, State administration and the academia.

This year’s edition will be held on November 22-23, forming part of the celebrations of the 200th anniversary of the SGGW. Consequently, day one of the Congress will take place at the University’s Crystal Hall. During that time a number of papers on food safety, international trade and logistics will be delivered. Topics will be presented during three thematic sessions: “One Health – One Way to the World”, “Food Safety Today and Tomorrow” and “Management in the Supply Chain”. The last attraction of the day will be a gala with presentation of the “Food Quality Leader” awards.

Day two of the Congress will be held at the Bellotto Hotel in Warsaw’s Old Town. The

agenda includes many interesting presentations delivered during sessions running simultaneously. The first pair of sessions are “Food Safety in Basic Production” and “Food Safety in Processing”, followed by “Foreign Trade” and “Innovation in Food Production”. The last two sessions will be “Ensuring Food Safety” and “Logistics”. The Congress will end with a debate and a tasting of products supplied by the sponsors and partners. The organiser of the Congress is the European Qualification Alliance www.eqasce.eu This year’s edition of the Congress offers a unique opportunity to try not just the unique Polish food products, but also innovative and consumer-safe methods of their production.

For those interested we have prepared trips to food plants. There will be visits at fruit and vegetable producers and processors, and the second group will be able to see animal production and meat processing.

FreshMazovia is an independent consultancy company operating in the market since 2004.

Our core activity is consulting in matters pertaining to quality in the entire supply chain of fruits and vegetables. The first step is production consultancy. We offer our clients: Integrated Production training, sprinklers certification, collection of soil samples and development of fertilisation plans. Our pride is innovative monitoring of diseases and vermin based on

mathematical models tied to an extensive network of weather stations, pheromone traps and consultants who are able to offer year-round consultancy programmes all over the country.

Another area of our activity is the implementation of food quality and safety systems in primary production: Integrated Production, Cross Compliance, Protected Designations of Origin – Grójec Apple, GLOBALGAP, TESCO NATURE’S, QS, as well as Organic Farming and NATURLAND. We have recently intensified work on a sustainable agriculture programme which has been well received by our partners. We have extensive experience in implementing food quality and safety for packaging plants and processors: HACCP, GLOBALGAP, IFS, BRC. Our biggest challenge in the last two years was participation in preparing the Polish fruit market for exports to new markets such as Vietnam or China.

We always look at innovations without forgetting about the quality of our services. This is why we are a member of the Agrobusiness Innovation Cluster, European Qualification Aliance, GIQS, Polska Ekologia Association.

The high quality of our services is confirmed by an accreditation of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development in the area of farming consultancy. But the trust of our clients is most important. Their number continues to increase and approaches 3,000 clients who use our various services.

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Defence Sector

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Chemical Industry

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