Polish Market No.9 (276)/2018

PU B LISHED SIncE 199 6 No. 9 (276) /2018 :: www.polishmarket.com.pl

special edition

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NatioNal CeNtre for researCh aNd developmeNt report ........................ sCieNCe - r&d ........................

CyberseCurity ........................

“ ncbr

partner of edition

The is open not so much to specific sectors as to a special way of thinking”

Maciej chorowski prof.

DIRECTOR OF THE NATIONAL CENTRE FOR RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT

cyber security reporting of network breaches

research and development protection of children and youth

digital education digital society development NASK National Research Institute NASK | 12 Kolska Street | 01-045 Warsaw | www.nask.pl

ONTENT

OUR GUEST

6. Henryk Kowalczyk, Minister of the Environment: SILESIA - A UNIQUE PHENOMENON IN THE WORLD

THE NATIONAL CENTRE FOR RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT - PARTNER OF THE SECTION

8.

Piotr Dardziński, PhD, deputy Minister of Science and Higher Education: WE WANT PEOPLE TO ASSOCIATE SCIENCE NOT ONLY WITH UNIVERSITIES BUT ALSO WITH ENTERPRISES

11.

HONORARY PEARLS OF "POLISH MARKET"

48. Honorary Pearls of "Polish Market": AMBASSADORS FOR POLISH SCIENCE AND SCHOLARLY RESEARCH

52.

Prof. Wojciech Fałkowski, Director of Royal Castle in Warsaw-Museum: THE CASTLE ENDURES, AS DOES THE MEMORY OF POLISH HISTORY

53. Pearls of the Polish Economy Gala, December 18, 2018

54.

Prof. Maciej Chorowski, Director of the National Centre for Research and Development (NCBR): DEVELOPING A SET OF PRACTICES TO CHANGE THE WAY OF COOPERATION BETWEEN SCIENCE AND BUSINESS

Prof. Elżbieta Mączyńska, President of the Polish Economic Society, Laureate of the "Polish Market's" Honorary Pearls award in the Science category in 2017: WE ARE WITNESSING A TURNING AWAY FROM NEOLIBERAL THOUGHT

15. NATIONAL CENTRE FOR RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT

FROM POLISH R&D SECTOR

IN 2017

30. Jan Mazurek: MECHANISMS FOR FINANCING R&D

PROCESSES IN VARIOUS PHASES OF PROJECT/ ENTERPRISE DEVELOPMENT

33. Stan Just, R&D Manager CD Projekt SA: THE HIGHEST WORLD LEVEL

34. Maciej Wojeński, Vice-President of Ekoenergetyka -

Polska Sp. z o.o.: SMART CITY - SMART E-MOBILITY

35. Rafał Budweil, CEO, Triggo: TRIGGO IS COMING 36. Polpharma: INNOVATION FOR HEALTH 37. Adam Kuzdraliński, CEO of Nexbio Sp. z o.o.: THE EARLY DETECTION OF PLANT DISEASES

38. Skriware: REIMAGINING EDUCATION WITH 3D PRINTING

39. Wiktor Warchałowski, CEO and co-founder of Airly Sp. z o.o.: CHECK YOUR AIR

40. Arkadiusz Talun, Chief Technology Officer and

co-founder Emplocity, Chris Sobczak, Chief Executive Officer Emplocity: AI REVOLUTIONISES THE LABOUR MARKET

41. Maciej Proliński, PM: SCIENCE FOR INDEPENDENCE! 44. Ewa Mańkiewicz-Cudny, President of the Polish

Federation of Engineering Associations FSNT – NOT, Editor-in-Chief of “Przegląd Techniczny” (Technical Review), an engineering journal published since 1866: POLISH ENGINEERS FOR THE WORLD

57. THE SILESIAN UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY – THE BEST RESPONSE TO MARKET NEEDS

58. Prof. Ryszard Pregiel, President of the Polish Chamber

of Commerce for High Technology: CHALLENGES AND BARRIERS TO TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT

60.

Prof. Bogdan Marciniec, Chairman of the Coordination Committee of WCAT Consortium; Prof. Bronisław Marciniak, Director of the Wielkopolska Centre for Advanced Technologies: WCAT - RESEARCH & INNOVATION PARTNER

62. Poznan University of Technology (PUT) : COMPETENCES FOR THE FUTURE – AN IMPORTANT ELEMENT IN THE ACTIVITIES OF THE FEM PUT

63. The Jagiellonian University: THE CITTRU CENTRE FOR TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER

64. Prof. Leszek Rafalski, Chairman of the Main Council of

the Research Institutes: CIVILIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTES FOR NATIONAL DEFENCE

65. Institute of Biopolymers and Chemical Fibres:

LET’S USE EVERYTHING THAT IS VALUABLE IN NATURE

66.

Prof. Zbigniew Śmieszek, Managing Director of the Institute of Non-Ferrous Metals (IMN), Prof. Mieczysław Woch, Institute of Non-Ferrous Metals (IMN): INNOVATION IN THE NON-FERROUS METAL INDUSTRY

68. Prof. Piotr Węgleński, co-creator and long-standing Director of the Centre of New Technologies at the University of Warsaw (CeNT UW): MORE SCIENCE THAN EDUCATION

Editorial

Krystyna Woźniak-Trzosek Editor-in-Chief President of Rynek Polski Publishers Co. Ltd.

POLAND HAS REACHED A RECORD-BREAKING PER-CAPITA GDP LEVEL – EUR11,800. FOR THE FIRST TIME IN HISTORY WE HAVE ATTAINED 70% OF THE EU AVERAGE. ACCORDING TO EUROSTAT, WE HAVE THE FASTEST INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION GROWTH RATE IN THE EUROPEAN UNION AND ONE OF THE BEST RESULTS IN THE LAST COUPLE OF YEARS. THAT’S THE SITUATION SO FAR. WHAT ABOUT THE FUTURE? Short-term forecasts are also pretty good, to say the least. Experts from the European Commission, who are looking closely at Poland’s performance, have revised their forecasts upwards. The World Bank did the same in its latest “Global Economic Prospects” report. Credit Agricole has joined the chorus of banks asserting the continuously upward trend of the Polish economy. Goldman Sachs has announced plans to rise the employment level at its Warsaw analytics centre from 600 to 1000. Contrary to some hasty opinions, this is not “moving out from London” but a regular investment at a location where development prospects are certain. In Bloomberg’s rankings of emerging markets, Poland ranks second in the “currencies”, “bonds” and “shares” categories. And if these were merged into one, Poland would definitely be the winner.

So can we rest easy? Asked during his stay in Poland about success in contemporary business, Scott McNealy, one of the pioneers of the Silicon Valley, said “whoever’s able to stay up longer, wins.” Now we are developing at a rate of 5%, but keeping it that way is now the main challenge for Poland, primarily because of labour shortages. Paradoxically, the reverse has been the major problem until not so long ago, but we have generously shared our surplus of talented workforce with Western Europe. The basic economic rule states that economic growth requires increasing the number of employees and labour productivity. In the last 30 years labour productivity in Poland rose on average by 3.5% per annum. If the employment rate does not grow, economic growth above 3.5% can hardly be expected. Unless we are able to work even more productively.

Are we? Not all our efforts must focus on that. Economists would say that changing large stores into a network of small shops or large-area agriculture into small organic farms will have an opposite effect. But society and politicians may make such decisions based on a different set of values. Admittedly, the problem was accurately diagnosed in the 2017 “Responsible Development Strategy”, the key document laying down the mid- and long-term economic policy of Poland.

So it’s all about productivity! But what does this indicate? OECD data show that we are one of the nations which spend the most time at work. Mexicans are the record-holders, followed by Greeks and Russians, and Poles rank seventh.

Working hours are the shortest in Germany. However, working time does not always correlate with productivity. How can we change that? Alior Bank in Poland introduced the so-called chatbot – a smart robot called Dronn. In a month it completes the work which previously kept 20 people busy for a year. This is an example of the currently observed technological revolution – investments and innovations. Is Poland prepared for that? To quote the experts, “not really”.

After quite a heated debate, the Polish parliament approved a package of regulations to reform the organisation and funding of Polish science and higher education, referred to as “Act 2.0”. This is the second reform in this century. The first resulted in the (sometimes excessively) common access to higher education, and Polish science started benefitting from EU support systems, which enabled it to expand the property and laboratory infrastructure. Will the second reform bring about research commercialisation, a truly leading role of the National Centre for Research and Development (NCBR), support for start-ups and focus on genuinely superior solutions? After all, we are not exactly in a position to afford careless spending. The Polish GDP is around USD470 billion. If we were to spend the standard 3% out of our budget on R&D, the amount would be approx. USD14-15 billion. This is the same as R&D expenditures of single companies, such as Google or Samsung. Still, they use that kind of money to conquer the global markets, which is quite an achievement.

We stand a chance of success, especially that we are not alone. Harbingers, such as the agreement between the Polish Minister of Health and its US counterpart, the intergovernmental agreement with Israel on cooperation in start-ups, and changes to the application of the EU Horizon programme, all show prospects for future collaboration with the best.

polish market

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69. Faculty of Management University of Warsaw: THE WORLD IS CHANGING FAST.

84. Wojciech Kamieniecki, DSc, Eng, Director of NASK: INTERNET SECURITY

70.

86. Stanisław Trenczek, DSc, Managing Director of the Institute of Innovative

71. Michał Fijałkowski, Managing Director at Jantar Wody Mineralne Sp. z o.o.:

87. Homayoun Razavi, Chief Customer Officer (CCO), Coriant: NETWORK

72. Prof. Krzysztof Kwiatkowski, Head of the Orthopaedics and Traumatology Clinic,

88. Izabela Albrycht, Chairperson of the Board, Kosciuszko Institute:

WE EDUCATE MANAGERS TO BE READY FOR THE FUTURE

Elżbieta Jamrozy and Arthur Break, Break Ingenuity-International Institute of Technology: MADE IN POLAND ARE ALL WATERS EQUAL?

the Military Institute of Medicine: OUR BONES AND JOINTS ARE CALLING FOR SYSTEMIC CHANGE IN HEALTHCARE

73. Prof. Piotr Wychowański, physician and dentist, owner of Wychowański Stomatologia, the Department of Oral Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw: AS THE WORLD DEVELOPS, PATIENTS’ EXPECTATIONS GROW

74. Irena Koźmińska, President of the ABCXXI – All of Poland Reads to Kids Foundation:

WATCHMAN IN POLAND

Technologies EMAG: CAN TODAY’S TECHNOLOGIES BE SECURE AND RELIABLE? TRANSFORMATION AND SERVICE INNOVATION

ARE WE READY FOR CYBERATTACKS?

INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

90. Jarosław Suchoples, PhD, Polish Ambassador to Finland and Tomasz Orłowicz, Head of the Foreign Trade Office in Helsinki: THE EMBASSY AND THE FOREIGN TRADE OFFICE: HAND IN HAND

MĄDRZY CYFROWI, AN EVENT SUPPORTED BY "POLISH MARKET" CYBERSECURITY

77. Andrzej Kozak, Ph.D.: RELIABILITY AND CYBERSECURITY IN THE AGE OF INDUSTRY 4.0

78.

Krzysztof Paturej, President of the International Centre for Chemical Safety and Security ICCSS: CYBERSECURITY FOR CHEMICAL PLANTS. TOWARDS ROADMAP TO IMPROVE INDUSTRY’S RESILIENCE TO CYBERATTACKS

79. HOW TO PROTECT INDUSTRIAL CONTROL SYSTEMS BEFORE IT’S TOO LATE? 80. Tomasz Zieliński, PhD, President of the Board, Polish Chamber of Chemical Industry:

INDUSTRY 4.0 CHEMICAL INDUSTRY 4.0; A REAL REVOLUTION OR A SHORT-LIVED TREND?

EVENTS

95. THE 60-MILLION CONGRESS – A GLOBAL POLONIA SUMMIT 96. EUROPE’S FUTURE TO BE DISCUSSED IN KRYNICA FOR THE 28TH TIME 99. 3RD EDITION OF 590 CONGRESS “590 MEANS MADE IN POLAND” FOOD INDUSTRY

100. PROJECT “INDEPENDENT POLAND TASTES GREAT” 102. POLISH ECOLOGY ASSOCIATION OF PROCESSORS AND PRODUCERS OF ORGANIC PRODUCTS

82. Roman Marzec, Director for Security and Internal Audit, Lotos Group: SECURITY ROOTED IN ORGANISATIONAL CULTURE

Cover: PROF. MACIEJ CHOROWSKI, Director of the National Centre for Research and Development (NCBR) Photo source: www.shutterstock.com, www.commons.wikimedia.org unless otherwise stated.

PARTNER OF EDITION:

9 (276)/2018 Publisher: Oficyna Wydawnicza RYNEK POLSKI Sp. z o.o.

(RYNEK POLSKI Publishers Co. Ltd.) President: Krystyna Woźniak-Trzosek Vice - Presidents: Błażej Grabowski, Grażyna Jaskuła Address: ul. Elektoralna 13, 00-137 Warszawa, Poland Phone (+48 22) 620 31 42, 652 95 77 Fax (+48 22) 620 31 37 E-mail: info@polishmarket.com.pl Editor-in-Chief: Krystyna Woźniak-Trzosek Deputy Editor-in-Chief: Ewelina Janczylik-Foryś redakcja@polishmarket.com.pl Managing Editor: Rafał Kiepuszewski

Writers/Editors: Maciej Proliński, Jan Sosna, Janusz Korzeń, Jerzy Bojanowicz, Janusz Turakiewicz, Marcin Haber, Jan Mazurek Translation: Sylwia Wesołowska-Betkier, Rafał Kiepuszewski, Agit Contributors: Agnieszka Turakiewicz Graphic design: Godai Studio Agnieszka Charuba, Joanna Wiktoria Grabowska Sales: Phone (+48 22) 620 38 34, 654 95 77 Marketing Manager: Magdalena Koprowicz m.koprowicz@polishmarket.com.pl

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REGON 011915685, NIP 526-11-62-572 Published articles represent the authors’ personal views only. The Editor and Publisher disclaim any responsibility or liability for their contents. Unsolicited material will not be returned. The editors reserve the right to edit the material for length and content. The editors accept no responsibility whatsoever for the content of advertising material.

Reproduction of any material from this magazine requires prior written permission from the Publisher.

Our Guest

SILESIA

A UNIQUE PHENOMENON IN THE WORLD HENRYK KOWALCZYK, Minister of the Environment, talks to Marcin Haber about the objectives of the COP24 summit and emissions reduction solutions to be proposed by Poland.

In December, a United Nations climate change conference, COP24, will be held in Poland again. This time, the venue for the conference is quite symbolic.

The organisers have chosen Katowice, a city in Upper Silesia associated with heavy industry. Was this choice intentional?

Yes, it was no coincidence. We want to show what we have achieved in the sphere of environmental protection.

For everyone the region used to be synonymous with huge emissions, which was especially evident in the 1980s. Silesia’s landscape was then dotted with smoking chimneys.

At present, Silesia and its capital Katowice look quite differently. Katowice is even called a “green city.” We want to show this transition from the stage of huge pollution and emissions to the green-city stage. It is worth noting that since the 1980s greenhouse gas emissions have been reduced in Poland by 30%. It is a unique phenomenon in the world. In Katowice this evolution is visible better than anywhere else. Among the COP24 participants are developing countries. We will be able to show them an example proving that economic development can go hand in hand with climate protection.

PM

PM

What will be Poland’s standpoint at the conference?

6 polish markett special edition 2018

Our main goal is to fulfil the Paris Agreement. Our task at COP24 is to translate its quite general guidelines into concrete measures. The most important objective of the conference in Katowice will be for all the countries to adopt a full and balanced package implementing the Paris Agreement. The package is to enable the functioning in practice of all the mechanisms and institutions introduced by the Paris Agreement.

In Katowice, we will be coordinating negotiations on a reduction in carbon dioxide emissions. Developed countries have very great ambitions in this respect, but developing countries do not always share them because they are interested in the development of their economies. It is in the interest of Poland and other developing countries to make carbon dioxide absorption part of the equation.

I think we should not focus exclusively on reducing carbon dioxide emissions, but also on increasing carbon dioxide absorption by biosystems, like forests and soil. We want to introduce this topic to our discussions at COP24.

We signalled this need at the Paris Conference. But now we are going to present specific calculation methods.

The third and probably the most difficult question will be finding financing methods for developing countries and persuading them to join the system of emissions

Our Guest reductions. This requires huge financial outlays, which have to be negotiated with developed countries.

Can you present us the specific solutions that you are going to propose in Katowice?

We first presented some solutions at COP23 in Bonn. We proposed, for example, an ambitious financial target of USD100 billion. This sum would very effectively help developing countries reduce emissions. But we are realistic and know that it will be very difficult to achieve this goal. It is worth stressing that any money which will be negotiated for this purpose will be of great value.

PM

You have mentioned the disparity in the way developed and developing countries perceive the need to reduce emissions.

The latter still need easily available, and not always clean, energy. Do developed countries understand these needs?

This is the most demanding issue in the negotiations. Balancing these needs is very difficult. Developed countries speak about ambitious emissions reductions, but stress and realise that cuts made by developing countries should be voluntary. It will be very difficult to balance these arguments. The time of reaching the set targets will also be an important point in the negotiations. No one has any doubts that emissions should be reduced.

But there are doubts about how ambitious the reduction targets we set ourselves should be. I think we will have an animated and multidirectional discussion on this issue as well. But before the negotiations I would not want to make any declarations.

PM

The Polish government has declared that Poland will stick to coal as the main component of its energy mix. There is much talk about “clean coal.” Do any solutions really exist which can allow us to achieve the emissions targets without the need to reduce coal consumption.

Emissions are being reduced in multiple ways. Technological changes in coal-fired power stations go in the right direction. Carbon dioxide will always be produced in the process of coal combustion. There is no other way. But it is possible to significantly reduce these emissions through appropriate technological solutions. The ideal model is a power sector based exclusively on renewable energy sources: wind turbines, photovoltaic systems, hydroelectric power stations and so on. Unfortunately, Poland does not have perfect conditions for these solutions. We cannot base our energy sector on wind turbines because this source is very unpredictable. The same is the case with energy from photovoltaic panels. Their efficiency is very low in Poland. Hydroelectric power stations are the most stable source, but neither in this case do we have ideal conditions.

There is talk about building a nuclear power station in Poland, but it is a thing of the distant future and huge costs are involved.

Another issue, which does not receive enough attention, is a reduction in energy consumption. Many programmes are carried out in this area. One of them is the Clean Air programme.

Thermal improvements to single-family houses, expected to bring about a 60% reduction in the total consumption of energy, are its main objective.

PM

PM

What is the time horizon of the Clean Air programme? When do you plan to solve the problem of emissions from sources located close to the ground - vehicles, local coal-fired boiler houses and household boilers?

OUR MAIN GOAL IS TO FULFIL THE PARIS AGREEMENT. OUR TASK AT COP24 IS TO TRANSLATE ITS QUITE GENERAL GUIDELINES INTO CONCRETE MEASURES. THE MOST IMPORTANT OBJECTIVE OF THE CONFERENCE IN KATOWICE WILL BE FOR ALL THE COUNTRIES TO ADOPT A FULL AND BALANCED PACKAGE IMPLEMENTING THE PARIS AGREEMENT.

The programme is planned for 10 years plus two years for accounting for the money spent. Its formal completion is scheduled for 2030. We expect that 60% of all single-family houses in Poland will be covered by the programme. With the buildings which already are well insulated and energy efficient, 80% of Polish houses should be environment-friendly after the completion of the programme. Statistically, what counts is that this will enable a 60% reduction in energy consumption. And when it comes to emissions from low emission sources, their reduction should reach up to 80%. The programme is to involve 3-4 million buildings. This shows it is a very ambitious programme, with huge funding exceeding PLN100 billion. After its completion, we will be able to get up in the morning in mountain towns and villages, which now suffer from smog, to enjoy a sunrise and fresh air. In the context of clean air, one should also remember about educating the public. As part of the programme, we are beginning meetings with residents of every municipality to talk about the harmfulness of burning waste and fuels of poor quality. We expect there will be over 2,500 such meetings.

They start this autumn.

And what about clean air in large cities? In their case, transport emissions are the main problem.

The Clean Air programme is a response to the need of thermal improvements to single-family houses because we have identified this as the main problem. However, part of the programme is devoted to the modernisation of public transport.

This part of the programme is targeted at large cities where vehicle traffic is a major source of smog. We are beginning with incentives for local governments to move from public transport fleets with combustion engines to those with electric engines.

Of course, this is just the beginning of the evolution towards • electric transport.

PM

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Cybersecurity

WE WANT PEOPLE TO ASSOCIATE SCIENCE NOT ONLY WITH UNIVERSITIES BUT ALSO WITH

ENTERPRISES PIOTR DARDZIŃSKI, PhD, deputy Minister of Science and Higher Education, talks to Marcin Haber about objectives and actions aimed at implementing innovation policies in Poland.

Prime Minister Mateusz Morawiecki has been saying for years now that it is necessary to move from an imitative to innovative economic model. What progress have we made in this regard, in your view?

One of the priorities of this government, as the prime minister often emphasises, is an actual shift in the Polish economy from one which competes globally based on cheap labour to one which can harness the potential for creating new technologies inaccessible elsewhere. To paint you a picture, we want to underpin our development with science, and not only the labour-force potential.

Several steps have already been taken by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education in this direction, under the Responsible Development Strategy.

PM

8 polish market special edition 2018

One of the first steps involved providing a favourable environment for cooperation between scientists and businesses. We have removed the obstacles which used to hinder such cooperation. The Ministry of Science and Higher Education acted as a secretary of the team which also included the then Ministry of Economic Development and the Ministry of Finance. The team drew up two laws concerning innovations. The legislative process, in this case, had been preceded by extended public consultation, including with entrepreneurs, investors, scientists, and think tanks. As a result of this consultation, a White Paper identifying the existing barriers was published. Thanks to this instrument we were able to pass two laws, removing most of the identified barriers. These laws also facilitate creating better conditions for cooperation, and have introduced tax allowances as incentives.

At present, an investment in science and business cooperation is far more profitable than it was at the time we took over the reins of government. Tax allowances for research and development were increased from 30% in 2015 to 100% in 2018. For a specific category of enterprises – research-and-development entities – such allowances reach as much as 150%.

Moreover, universities were awarded special support aimed at developing commercial capabilities. We were aware, however, that the lack of appropriate regulations or capital were not the problem – the lack of human resources was the key issue. There was simply no-one capable of understanding both science and the needs of business. In response to this, we implemented the second element in the plan introduced by Prime Minister Mateusz Morawiecki and deputy Prime Minister Jarosław Gowin. We prepared a regulation allowing the introduction of what we called doctorate-implementation programme. A year ago we held the first round of recruitment for the programme, and nearly 400 PhD students were admitted. We received nearly 600 applications to join the second edition of the programme this year.

In total, during the two years, we will have had nearly 1,000 persons working towards a PhD by holding a position in an enterprise and following a research agenda agreed on with the employer and approved by the university supervisor who will validate its scientific value. The employer will also be the intellectual-property owner, making it easier

to commercialise the research findings later on. As soon as the three parties to an agreement – the PhD student, the university and the enterprise agree on the terms of employment, the Ministry will start paying a scholarship equal to 100% of the minimum wage paid by the university to the PhD student.

It means that the PhD student basically receives a double wage, and carries out an interesting research project.

Is there a guarantee that the solutions developed in this way will stay in Poland?

These PhD students are employed chiefly by small and medium-sized Polish enterprises. As of now, they include over 150 businesses which had an opportunity to employ a scientist for the first time. And we think that is also one of the advantages of this project. Your question, however, is a valid one.

It addresses the issue we had also been worried about when developing the programme.

Seeing that the development and management of innovations lie mainly in the hands of large, and often global, companies, we expected that they would be the main beneficiaries of the programme. As it turned out, however, small and medium-sized Polish enterprises eagerly responded to this opportunity, and did not allow large Polish companies and global corporations to grab it. We should bear in mind, though, that good business, and in particular one based on science, is conducted on a global scale, as the economies of scale and global reach are key. Hence, the search for diverse business partners is something natural.

PM

I had the pleasure of talking to some scientists recently, and they frequently expressed their discontent that universities are often unwilling to take on the responsibility for transferring the solutions developed by their scientists to the marketplace. And scientists oftentimes do not have the means, or simply the business skills, to do so themselves. Do you have any ideas on how to help with that?

I would go one step further, and say that we can more than just help. There are fundamental systemic changes underway which should completely eradicate the problem.

Granted the scientists and university authorities are actively participating. It is understandable that a scientist might not have the competencies required to start up a successful business. Technology-transfer centres PM

AT PRESENT, AN INVESTMENT IN SCIENCE AND BUSINESS COOPERATION IS FAR MORE PROFITABLE THAN IT WAS AT THE TIME WE TOOK OVER THE REINS OF GOVERNMENT.

operate in most Polish universities. Under the proposed, and first ever, law on innovation, we guaranteed funding, in this case amounting to 2% of the subsidies, for supporting these centres in the field of strengthening human-resources competencies. We wanted these centres to assist both the scientists who want to commercialise their research and the entrepreneurs who need the help of scientists capable of developing business solutions they require.

The most important aspect of the said law, which is highly likely to come into force on 1 October 2018, under legislation referred to as the “Constitution for Science,” is the introduction of a new university-evaluation process, including dealing with the quality of research. To put it in simple terms, until now, scientific contributions have been evaluated chiefly on the basis of published works.

But from now on two thirds of this evaluation will be based on the researchers’ contribution to the socio-economic environment.

The other criteria will include the revenues from the commercial application of the research findings, participation in the National Science Centre and the National Centre for Research and Development grants, and published works. All scientists with interesting ideas, but who do not know how to apply polish market

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them commercially, will be sought after by the university authorities, as they will give them an opportunity to boast about their achievements in reports submitted to the Ministry. Thanks to this, they will fare better during the evaluations, and the better the evaluation result, the bigger the funding from the state budget.

So, to put it bluntly, where should you look for capital for the commercialisation of research?

As I mentioned before, investors actively participated in the work on the White Paper.

The prevailing view is that neither the Polish nor the global economy lacks the capital, but there are issues in terms of innovation. It is quite easy to find a funding source for innovative projects at various stages of development. There are subsidies offered by the National Centre for Research and Development through its Bridge Alfa, that is an investment-fund programme, and corporate venture-capital (CVC) funds, which also participate in competitions held by the National Centre for Research and Development, as well as funding under the Polish Development Fund. Please bear in mind that I have only mentioned public capital options. Under the Bridge Alfa programmes alone, there are several billion zlotys available. The National Centre for Research and Development is currently working on establishing a company which could co-fund these R&D projects. There are also numerous private funds searching for interesting research to invest in.

In short, there is no risk for which a promising scientist will not be able to secure funding. However, issues often crop up during the negotiations, a factor which is a matter of experience and of the better understanding of the point of view of the other party. Scientists need to accept that entrepreneurs are willing to invest in research they can profit from, and not research for the sake of research. They need to switch from the grant mentality to the investment mentality.

PM

What part of the strategy is to be carried out by the National Centre for Research and Development?

All of it. The Centre is an agency supervised by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education in the role of the third pillar of the plan introduced by Deputy Prime Minister PM

10 polish market special edition 2018

Gowin as included in the Responsible Development Strategy. We are changing the operating principles of the National Centre for Research and Development so that it can support universities, research institutes, scientists and R&D centres in all the above. It is a key agency. Due to the way it manages projects, it has a considerable impact on the way business based on science is conducted.

At present, the beneficiaries of the National Centre for Research and Development mostly include entrepreneurs who require science partners, or have competencies in this area themselves. It is an import element in the mission of our Ministry. By the end of the term of this government we would like science in Poland to become associated not only with academic, but also with business, circles. Today, when we speak of scientists, we visualise university professors, whereas the vast majority of them, the Nobel Prize laureates included, are employed in various businesses. I believe our goal is feasible. If you look at the pace of expenditure growth with regard to R&D projects, you can see that the private, and not the public, sector is the leader here. Public funding in this area is at the level of the EU average, but our entrepreneurs were pretty passive until recently.

In the last three years, this has changed significantly. I think that new tax allowances, which until this point were quite perfunctory, and now have been increased to 100%, are beginning to yield results.

You mentioned that we allocate funding for R&D projects at the level of the EU average. According to estimates, it works out at around 1% of GDP, which is not that much.

If you look at it in terms of GDP percentage, then it is a little below the EU average.

But if we break down how much of that 1% comes from public and private sources, we will see that the proportions are unbalanced.

In well-developed countries, it is mainly the private sector that covers the expenditures on R&D projects. But our country is still in the process of working its way among such countries. So it is not surprising that the public sector is the dominant contributor to that 1%. But, as I mentioned before, the role of the private-sector funding is growing dynamically. Ultimately, we would like to effect changes not only in terms of the PM

proportions of the public and private funding within that 1%, but also to increase expenditures so they exceed 1% of GDP. Our goal is to reach 2% of GDP by 2020.

We need success stories. We need to see universities and businesses as examples of cooperation. I think that the participants in the doctorate-implementation programme will serve this purpose well. Nearly 1,000 people to hold up as an example is a good start. They will understand both the business and scientific sides of their work, as they will be employees of an enterprise instead of a university but also PhD students at the same time.

There will be no need to explain to them the importance of the possible commercial applications of their work. It will be something obvious and natural to them. And we need such examples, as positive examples lead to more success.

On the subject of positive examples, Polish studios develop globally recognisable computer games. And it appears to be one of the most promising sectors in the IT industry. Have you identified any other sectors which could replicate its success in the future?

This sector is an excellent example. We want to continue supporting it, for instance, with further tax allowances. But we need to keep in mind that the Ministry of Science and Higher Education and the National Centre for Research and Development were established to support all industries in finding innovative solutions, and not to wholly develop certain sectors. It is both costly and risky, and we will be the ones to pay the price of such risk. The next step for the National Centre for Research and Development will surely be related to stimulating the field of Artificial Intelligence. But it is hard to discuss specific sectors here. We are talking about a global race in AI application. Blockchain technology is worth mentioning, as its development will impact on the financial, public-administration and healthcare sectors. Accordingly, we want to step away from the model of funding specific sectors and instead support methods which will promote the development of all sectors. We want to support Polish entrepreneurs in gaining competencies to apply the aforementioned solutions so that the Economy 4.0 can become reality also in • Poland.

PM

DEVELOPING A SET OF PRACTICES TO CHANGE THE WAY OF COOPERATION BETWEEN SCIENCE AND BUSINESS PROF. MACIEJ CHOROWSKI, Director of the National Centre for Research and Development (NCBR), talks to Marcin Haber about the activity of the centre, cooperation between science and business, and changing market needs.

Deputy Minister of Science and Higher Education Piotr Dardziński said that the way in which the NCBR manages projects has a huge influence on the culture of the scientific business. Do you feel this responsibility? How is this mission pursued?

Of course, we do. Changes in the approach to the commercialisation of research and development mainly result from the fact that at present most of the money from the NCBR is used to finance projects submitted by businesses. And in the case of joint applications submitted by science and industry consortia, it is businesses that usually play the dominant role. In a way, science is ancillary in this process. It responds to the development needs of businesses. On the other hand, it is the businesses that provide funding for science. The role of the NCBR is to make the interface between science and industry a real thing. We encourage dialogue between the two communities. As a result, solutions flow from science to business while ideas and information about what is needed flow in the other direction. In some instances, technologies first appear in industry and only then are subject to academic discussion. We are indeed developing a set of practices which are changing the way of cooperation between science and business.

PM

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ONLY SEVERAL YEARS AGO BUSINESSES TRIED TO FINANCE RESEARCH INDEPENDENTLY, WHICH WAS PRACTICALLY IMPOSSIBLE. TODAY, THEY CAN SEE IT IS MUCH MORE REASONABLE TO USE THE ASSISTANCE OF THOSE WHO SPECIALISE IN SOLVING PROBLEMS OF A SPECIFIC TYPE RATHER THAN BUILD ALL THE RESEARCH COMPETENCIES INSIDE THE ORGANISATION.

Until recently it was widely believed that communication between science and business is difficult because the two do not understand each other – they speak different languages. Some scientists stress they do not feel at home with running a business and do not have business competencies. Is this changing?

I think that a good scientist should be versatile. This is proven by the biographies of such persons as Newton, Copernicus and Archimedes. They were all outstanding theoreticians, but apart from that the first one also managed the Royal Mint, the second led the defence of the city of Frombork and the third was responsible for engineering works in the defence of Syracuse. The fact that a person is very good at understanding reality and can describe it by means of a mathematical model does not mean that he or she cannot move confidently in this reality in daily life.

I think it is wrong to assume that these two skills never go together. There is no reason to presuppose that, as a rule, a good scientist is unable to communicate with business.

A common feature of the two communities is their ability to enter relationships. For the latter it is new markets, for the first it is new phenomena. This does not mean of course that they both will be equally enthusiastic about cooperating with each other. The role of interaction between the two communities is well illustrated by the game theory. We always play in such a way so as to be certain of PM

12 polish market special edition 2018

a personal gain or gain for a specific group. In the past the external conditions were such that there was no certainty that both sides, science and business, would gain. As a result, there was no motivation for the two communities to work with each other. At present, it is a win-win prospect in many situations. It pays to play a cooperative game because it increases the probability of your own gain.

The NCBR, which is approached by both businesses and scientists, is a good observer of this phenomenon. The number of applications we receive directly from industry is growing exponentially. Only several years ago businesses tried to finance research independently, which was practically impossible. Today, they can see it is much more reasonable to use the assistance of those who specialise in solving problems of a specific type rather than build all the research competencies inside the organisation. This works the other way around, too. When scientists had to define research goals for themselves independently they chose them mainly in keeping with their own interests and competencies. Now, when the research goals are also set by business, scientists very quickly adapt to the new reality.

One should also remember that this is coupled with generational change. The scientific community includes a growing number of thirty- and forty-somethings, many of them with the experience of several years spent abroad. Dealing with a research project commissioned by a company seems quite natural for them. If they can break the problem down into questions to which answers can be obtained by means of scientific methods they do so immediately. And if they can get financial gratification at the same time they have a double sense that they have been appreciated.

So this means that the common language of science and business is the language of benefit.

Of course. Why should someone start talks if they did not see any benefits in it, especially if it involved a big investment of time for them? In such situations, some defensive tools were used: thoughts were formulated in such a way that the other side was unable to understand them.

As a result, the dialogue broke off. Even external attempts and pressure did not produce any results because both sides claimed unanimously that cooperation between them was impossible. But similar arguments can be used in the case of trade relations, for instance. You can say you cannot trade with another country because you do not understand its language.

PM

You are talking about a change in communication. But let’s talk about another change. I mean a change in approach to investment. In recent years investment has been driven more to specific technologies than specific sectors. At present, it is trendy to invest in blockchain, artificial intelligence, augmented reality, autonomous cars and so on. Is the NCBR also oriented at this model of financing?

At the NCBR we first of all provide funding for individual projects which can be validated. And such projects do not exist outside the area where their results can be applied.

PM

We do not finance basic research, although it is extremely important for the development of technology. If someone deals with particle physics and formulates new theories his or her deliberations make sense only if there is a hope it will be possible to build an instrument able, at least partly, to verify the concept. Trends in basic research are often determined by the technological ability to carry out an experiment verifying the theory. Research into some phenomena makes sense when they have a chance to be applied in practice.

Artificial intelligence is an interesting example. The notion was introduced in 1956, but remained marginal for many years. One can even say it was first formulated by Pascal as an attempt to design an apparatus able to take over some typically human actions. Defining artificial intelligence is in itself an interesting area for discussion. Let’s take a clock.

It is a device which has taken over from man the need to be able to measure time. Then, scientists started to look for the features a device would need to have for us to say that it shows human traits. When building machines (computers) designed to play chess, scientists initially tried to make them look like a chess player. Only then did the realisation come that the machines should first of all think like a chess players. The development of artificial intelligence stalled quite soon after its debut because in the 1960s there were no sensors sufficiently advanced for the mathematical concepts proposed by the scientists to be applied. The breakthrough came several years ago as the technical problem of vision was solved. At present, a CCD camera accommodates better than the human eye. It is possible to design a camera which can focus on an object faster than man. The reverse problem has also been solved: it has been worked out how to build an image so that it looks like a picture of a living thing. This means we can see and reproduce an image by means of a machine. It is only now that we can say: “Now that you can see it, draw conclusions and learn.” Artificial intelligence is simply an excellent ability to imitate.

It mimics situations that have been presented to it. But it needs a huge amount of data for analysis.

If we put in this room two phantoms to replace us there would probably be no problem because our behaviour is typical: you ask questions and I answer them. But if the phantoms were to replace children talking to each other it would probably be much more difficult because children’s behaviour is much less predictable. Artificial intelligence is a tool which copes poorly with rare and unpredictable phenomena, and phenomena which it encounters for the first time. Tasks where the time of reaction is a fraction of a second – like reaction to an obstacle on the road and sorting pictures – can be entrusted to artificial intelligence.

There is more problem with unconventional decisions requiring some thought.

For the artificial intelligence technology to move forward it has to be developed in a specific area. It is not enough to say that we will be financing the development of artificial intelligence because this cannot be translated into any specific project. One has to work with algorithms to, in the case of an autonomous car, reduce the probability of an accident.

We can start financing new phenomena, but we must not do so in complete isolation from the areas where the solutions developed can be implemented. We have to announce programmes which respond to specific needs. One can say that artificial intelligence may play the same role as electricity does for today’s world. We are unable to perform any task without access to electricity, but we no longer describe in our projects the need to develop electricity access. We are constantly cudgelling our brains over how to improve energy efficiency, improve the quality of electricity and reduce losses in electricity transmission. But electricity itself is invisible in these projects. The same will be the case with artificial intelligence. We already use it. Now, we have to clearly define the goal of developing a specific research area or activity. We can signal that we want to work on using artificial intelligence in such areas as cybersecurity, the power industry, agriculture, medical diagnostics, and so on.

Will artificial intelligence replace doctors?

Did the X-ray machine replace physicians? No. Every new piece of equipment makes physicians’ work better and easier. On the basis of 100,000 correct diagnoses, German scientists have trained a machine to assess skin lesions in patients. It classified them as benign lesions, lesions requiring taking a tissue sample for analysis and lesions requiring immediate intervention. The accuracy of the diagnoses was comparable with those made by a skin doctor with five years’ work experience. Given this accuracy and the fact that a machine making diagnoses can work practically without interruption, it is worthwhile to consider making use of this potential and finance the development of solutions which would correspond to an even longer work experience.

We have to look for areas where specific solutions can be applied. We have to be able to assess in what sector they can generate a profit. The power of the FAMGA technology companies – Facebook, Apple, Microsoft, Google and Amazon – from the West Coast of the United States is that they have their own revenue, mainly from advertising, and at the same time conduct development projects. They have no income from the projects now, but treat them as a source of income in the future. Naturally, the companies want to employ the most qualified persons and in the United States these people still work at universities. As a result, they make up a whole ecosystem, which enables them to retain the prestige of being, for example, a professor at Stanford and at the same time work for the biggest tech giants.

PM

You said it was necessary to look for sectors where money can be earned. And where is it possible to earn money today? Which sectors contact the NCBR most often?

Actually, we are contacted by all sectors because, as a rule, the NCBR is open not so much to specific sectors as to a special way of thinking. We are contacted by those who want to start research work and accept the fact that they have to bear some costs of this process. We are a sort of risk insurer for the entrepreneur who comes to us with a specific project and money set aside for developing it. We PM

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AT THE NCBR WE FIRST OF ALL PROVIDE FUNDING FOR INDIVIDUAL PROJECTS WHICH CAN BE VALIDATED. AND SUCH PROJECTS DO NOT EXIST OUTSIDE THE AREA WHERE THEIR RESULTS CAN BE APPLIED. WE DO NOT FINANCE BASIC RESEARCH, ALTHOUGH IT IS EXTREMELY IMPORTANT FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF TECHNOLOGY.

subject the project to analysis. If it indeed combines scientific excellence and economic sense it has a chance of receiving NCBR funding accounting for around 50% on average and in some cases even as much as 80%. We do not make any conditions, saying that some firms are barred from seeking our help because we focus exclusively on a selected economic sector. We want to be for everyone. This approach is best reflected by our flagship programme “Fast Track.” We call it a horizontal programme because it is open to every business from every economic sector. As regards risk, I can declare we expect that we will be receiving funding applications mostly from sectors where the risk is the highest. And we do.

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Do you format your sectoral programmes?

We send in this way signals designed to encourage individual sectors. We have such programmes as INNOstal, INNOship, InnoNeuroPharm and others. However, it is important to remember that these programmes may also be used by businesses whose activity is not immediately associated with them because the scope of research work is usually interdisciplinary. The sectoral programmes help solving specific research problems defined by the sector. They also make it easier for us to reach potential applicants. Horizontal programmes give entrepreneurs the widest opportunities because of the constant process of recruitment and the size of the funding available. • PM

NATIONAL CENTRE FOR RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT IN 2017

For over 10 years the Centre has linked the world of science and business, creating suitable conditions for conducting research and development. Through the co-financing of R&D processes, it supports Polish entrepreneurs, significantly reducing their business risk accompanying the implementation of ground-breaking research projects.

The mission of the National Centre for Research and Development is to implement tasks serving the social and economic development of Poland and solving specific civilisation problems of its inhabitants. The activities of the Centre focus on supporting Polish scientific units in developing their ability to create and make use of innovative solutions, as well as on transferring the results of scientific research to the economy. The Centre also cares about ensuring good conditions for the development of scientific staff. Of special concern is the participation of young scientists in research programmes. This enables them to increase their qualifications in the field of entrepreneurship, management of intellectual property, and the commercialisation of research results.

The NCBR plays the role of Intermediate Institution in the operational programmes: Smart Growth and Knowledge Education Development.

It also implements a range of domestic and international programmes, as well as projects related to national security and defence.

With an annual budget for R&D works amounting to EUR 1 billion, the NCBR is currently the largest centre in the country and region for supporting the development of science and the economy.

SHARE OF THE TOTAL FUNDING ACCORDING TO LEGAL FORM IN 2017

71,54% Enterprises

2017

13,40% Universities

0,08%

Consortia

Associations

5,89%

0,14% 0,82% S of PAN

Foundations

0,69% Other

MOST IMPORTANT EVENTS OF 2017: • NEW CAPITAL FUNDS OF NCBR: PLN 2 BILLION FOR POLISH INNOVATION NCBR CVC and NCBR VC are two Funds of Funds created in 2017, which in the coming years will create investment in technology.

Their total investment capital amounts to PLN 2 billion. In the coming years, both Funds of Funds will invest in small and mediumsized enterprises with a technology profile with big potential for development, and then, at a suitable moment they will make a profitable exit from the investment. Therefore, innovative Polish firms will receive support in a key phase of their development, when they are dynamically increasing the scale of their activities and need capital rapidly.

NCBR CVC will have PLN 880 milion at its disposal, of which half is contributed by the NCBR. The remaining 50% is raised by corporate investors. The Funds of Funds will be managed by a consortium of PFR Ventures and BGK TFI, and the management team will be composed of the best specialists from the venture capital sector.

NCBR VC will have over PLN 1 billion at its disposal, in which at least half are the funds of private investors. It is the first professional Polish institutional investor, systemically providing finance for VC funds on fully market principles. NCBR VC will be managed by a consortium of private companies – VC3.0 Sp. z o.o. and FinCrea TFI SA – which are experienced on the venture capital market.

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The aim of the joint venture with Lubelskie Voivodeship is to support industrial research and development works in the field of photonic technologies. The Lubelskie Voivodeship is the first region in Poland to approach us with a proposal to create a joint venture. As a result of the agreement, we will announce open calls for proposals for R&D projects in the field of photonics. Both parties contribute half of the PLN 100 million budget. The detailed subjects of the calls for proposals will cover, among others, new generation technology for digitization, research on fibre optic sensors, and works on innovative sources of light. The agreement has been concluded for a period of 10 years.

• PLN 1 BILLION SUPPORT FOR POLISH TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION

7,44% Research Institutes

• PLN 100 MILLION SUPPORT FOR "LUBLIN UPLAND OF PHOTONIC TECHNOLOGIES"

PLN 1 billion is the largest ever budget of our competition. This is the total amount that the winners of the call for proposals under the BRidge Alpha project will receive for the development of their ideas. The aim of the programme is to support the most innovative projects at an early stage of development and lead them to their commercialisation. The planned investments by future Alphas include projects from a variety of fields and areas, among them, medical engineering technology, including medical biotechnologies, intelligent networks and geoinformation technologies, multifunctional materials and composites with advanced properties, including nanoprocesses and nanoproducts, as well as automation and robotic technological processes.

• DUAL STUDIES – NEW DEVELOPMENT OPPORTUNITIES FOR STUDENTS VIA PRACTICAL EDUCATION We have assigned PLN 100 million to the call for proposals "Dual Studies". We believe that the recipe for success is the effective combination of theory with practice. The idea of "Dual Studies" makes this possible. Thanks to the implementation of special programmes of alternating education, participation in didactic lessons at the university and employment in a company are possible at the same time. The programme is addressed to universities and supports projects thanks to which didactic staff and students can have practical contact with the business environment and so better understand the expectations of potential employers.

• PLN 50 MILLION FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF UNIVERSITY STAFF The aim of the call for proposals is to increase the competences of didactic staff of universities. Public and non-public universities may apply for funding of projects. The projects will support doctors and doctoral students who make up the didactic staff of the university and at the same time are under 35. The projects should contain proposals for measures raising the qualifications of the university staff in at least two of three areas: innovative didactive skills, IT skills or teaching in a foreign language.

• PLN 150 MILLION FOR INNOVATIVE SYSTEM OF GENERATING ENERGY AND MANAGING ITS DISTRIBUTION We supported innovative solutions in the electronic, information and communication technology sector amounting to PLN 150 million under the IUSER programme. The aim of the project, organised together with the Ministry of Science and Higher Education, is to support the development of a national sector of producers of devices and systems for generating energy and managing its distribution.

• STETHOME – THE FIRST INVESTMENT OF TDJ PITANGO VENTURES StethoMe is a Polish company producing an intelligent wireless stethoscope that works with a smartphone. This is the first investment created under the Fund of Funds NCBR VC fund TDJ Pitango Ventures. StethoMe is an intelligent medical device to examine in home conditions the health of the lungs and heart.

The electronic, wireless stethoscope combined with a contactless thermometer works with a smartphone and thanks to the artificial intelligence module it can recognise abnormal sounds that appear during illness.

• PLN 90 MILLION FOR INNOVATION IN THE ENERGY SECTOR Innovative solutions and technology allow to adapt Polish energy blocks to new challenges. Thanks to the programme Bloki 200+ the best projects can receive as much as PLN 90 million. The aim of our programme is to support new technical, organisational and legal solutions that allow the adaption of power blocks to the changing conditions of their use and the new challenges related to the work of the national electrical-energy system.

competition in the struggle for EU grants, did not win support.

Projects that have such a certificate receive a second chance in the form of support at the level of PLN 50 million. Entrepreneurs from the SME sector can take part in a new call for proposals for co-financing.

The main rules of the new call for proposals are similar to other "fast track" calls for proposals. The application procedure is simplified as much as possible since the deadline for consideration of applications is only 60 days and the substantive assessment is shortened since the projects have already obtained a positive assessment earlier.

NUMBER OF PROJECTS AND VALUE OF FUNDING ACCORDING TO VOIVODESHIPS

kujawsko-pomorskie pomorskie

zachodnioPomorskie

617

2 590

239

wielkopolskie

694

118

281

72

lubuskie

282

podlaskie

121

412

878

842

564

14 636

lubelskie

3 364

494

2 270

666

3 807

opolskie

mazowieckie

2836

122 314

1000 4 140

350

573

1158 śląskie

1 280

118

5 202

308

1 367

podkarpackie

• 1000 EMISSION-FREE BUSES FOR POLISH CITIES

NCBR PROGRAMMES:

PLN 2.2 billion – this is the value of the agreement that we signed in 2017 with the National Fund for Environmental Protection and Water Management. This will allow the purchase of over 1000 ecological new generation buses for Polish cities participating in the "Emissionfree public transport" programme. Local governments will be able to receive as much as 100% funding for the purchase of vehicles.

- Strategic research and development programmes operate under big budgets and are a result of the science and innovation policy supporting the development of our country. The basis for their preparation is the National Research Programme, adopted by way of resolution of the Council of Ministers on 16 August 2011. The National Research Programme defines the strategic directions for research and development. A strategic programme comprises projects aimed at solving specific technical, scientific or social problems. They are implemented by selecting research teams and other producers by way of competition.

We are already cooperating with 26 local governments all around Poland under the programme. Public transport that is friendly to the environment and residents is one of the priorities to the following cities: Bydgoszcz, Częstochowa, Gdynia, Jaworzno, Kraków, Krosno, Lublin, Łomża, Mielec, Nowy Sącz, Płock, Rzeszów, Siedlce, Sieradz, Sosnowiec, Starachowice, Szczecin, Tczew, Tomaszów Mazowiecki, Toruń, Tychy, Warszawa, Wejherowo, Wrocław, Zakliczyn and Żyrardów as well as boroughs associated in the Górnośląsko-Zagłębiowska Metropole.

• PLN 50 MILLION IN QUICK SUPPORT FOR "SEAL OF EXCELLENCE" PROJECTS The Seal of Excellence Certificate, awarded by the European Commission, confirms the high quality of a project which, although it met the rigorous criteria and was recommended by the experts, as a result of limitations in the call for proposals budget and strong

STRATEGIC PROGRAMMES

• TECHMATSTRATEG Modern materials technology

PROGRAMME BUDGET UNTIL 2021 – PLN 500 MILLION One of the key areas for the development of the country is the development of new, durable and resilient construction materials that will polish market

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be safe for health and the environment. To accomplish this task, the strategic programme "Modern materials technologies" – TECHMATSTRATEG – was established.

The programme includes five strategic problem areas resulting from the National Research Programme and at the same time consistent with the priority directions of research conducted in the European Union and in the world, i.e.:

• technologies of construction materials, • technologies of photonic and nanoelectronic materials, • technologies of functional materials and materials with designed properties, • waste-free material technologies and technologies of biodegradable engineering materials, • material technologies for energy storage and transmission.

The result of the projects implemented under the programme will be the development and preparation of the roll-out of new products, techniques and technologies with an application in the fields covered by the programme. The addressees of the programme are scientific consortia consisting of at least three organizational units, one or more of which is a scientific unit and one or more – an entrepreneur.

IN 2017:

• we formally and substantively assessed 48 applications and settled the results of call for proposals I, • we considered 2 appeals against the decision to refuse to grant co-financing, • we concluded 13 contracts for implementation and co-financing of projects, • we prepared the documentation of call for proposals II.

• BIOSTRATEG

Natural environment, agriculture and forestry

PROGRAMME BUDGET UNTIL 2019 – PLN 500 MILLION The programme stimulates the growth of innovation and competitiveness of the Polish economy, especially in agriculture, forestry and related industries: agri-food and wood. The result of the projects implemented under the programme will be the development and preparation of the roll-out of new products, techniques and technologies as well as other solutions with an application in the fields covered by the programme.

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The programme covers five strategic areas, resulting directly from the National Research Programme and consistent with the priority directions of research currently conducted in the European Union and the world. These areas are:

• food security, • rational management of natural resources, with special emphasis on water management, • counteraction and adaptation to climate change, with special emphasis on agriculture, • protection of biodiversity and sustainable development of agricultural production space, • forestry and wood industry.

The recipients of the programme are scientific consortia, which consist of at least three organizational units.

IN 2017:

• we substantively assessed 72 applications and settled the results of call for proposals III, • we considered 2 protests against the formal assessment and 27 appeals against the decision to refuse to grant co-financing, • we undertook negotiations with 15 applicants, • we concluded 8 contracts for implementation and co-financing of projects of call for proposals III, • we monitored a total of 21 projects from calls for proposals I and II, • we signed 16 annexes to agreements from calls for proposals I and II, • we evaluated 21 periodic reports under calls for proposals I and II, • we began evaluating the implementation of the programme.

• GOSPOSTRATEG

Social and economic development of Poland in globalising markets

PROGRAMME BUDGET UNTIL 2019 – PLN 500 MILLION The task of the programme is to improve the quality and effectiveness of the country’s development policy in various areas in order to raise the civilisation level of Poland, improve the quality of life of society, and fulfil the development aspirations of current and future generations in accordance with the principle of sustainable development.

The programme operates in four thematic areas: • middle-income trap and average product trap, • imbalance trap,

• demographic trap, • institutional weakness trap.

The programme is addressed to scientific consortia comprised of at least three organisational units.

At least two of them should be scientific units, and one, an entity able to implement solutions that are the result of the realisation of the project.

IN 2017: • we prepared the competition documentation and announced call for proposals I for open projects, • we announced call for proposals I for open projects under the programme, • we conducted a call for proposals in the OFS system, • we began assessing 78 applications for co-financing submitted under the competition procedure.

• STRATEGMED

Prevention and treatment of civilisation diseases

TOTAL PROGRAMME BUDGET – PLN 800 MILLION The programme responds to the needs of an aging population, higher incidence of chronic illnesses, and rising costs of medical care. Its main goal is to achieve substantial progress in combating civilisation diseases and in regenerative medicine based on R&D efforts in four areas: cardiology and cardiac surgery, oncology, neuroscience and the senses, and regenerative medicine.

research for the benefit of the Polish economy. We implement these objectives through programmes supporting applied research and R&D, financing the commercialization and transfer of results to the economy, as well as supporting the development of young scientific staff. We implement these tasks in cooperation with other entities – creating joint undertakings and sectoral programmes.

• CUBR

Programme of support for R&D for the non-ferrous metal industry

TOTAL PROGRAMME BUDGET – PLN 200 MLN CuBR is a joint undertaking of the NCBR and KGHM Polska Miedź SA. It aims to develop and implement innovative technologies, equipment, materials, and products to increase the competitiveness of the Polish non-ferrous metal industry, which in the long-term will secure the position of the world’s leader for the industry, especially in the field of copper production.

The programme’s strategy envisages an improvement in the efficiency of the manufacturing process through investment in new technologies, modernisation of infrastructure, development of new mining technologies, new solutions in the field of operating systems, effective industrial risk management, and development of the resources base through the exploitation of deep-lying deposits.

The effectiveness of these initiatives depends, among others, on the comprehensiveness and quality of research and the possibilities of its implementation.

The programme also stimulates the growth of innovation and competitiveness of the Polish economy in such areas as biotechnology and biomedical engineering. The projects will bring about the development and implementation of new preventive, diagnostic, therapeutic and rehabilitation methods. The programme is addressed to scientific consortia comprised of at least five organisational units, of which at least one is a scientific unit and at least one is an enterprise.

The project covers four areas: • mining and geology, • ore processing, • metallurgy, manufacturing, new materials, • environmental protection, risk management, business efficiency.

IN 2017:

• we monitored the implementation of a total of 21 projects, • we completed the assessment of applications and settled the results of call for proposals III, • we signed 9 agreements for projects under call for proposals III, • we signed 18 annexes to agreements on the performance and financing of the projects, • we evaluated 19 periodic reports, • we began work on a new formula of the call for proposals along with documentation for call for proposals IV.

• we monitored 43 projects implemented under calls for proposals I-III, • we signed 9 agreements under call for proposals III and 1 agreement under call for proposals II, • we signed 32 annexes to agreements monitored under calls for proposals I-III, • we submitted 33 reports and evaluated 28 periodic reports under calls for proposals I and II, • we began cooperation and negotiations regarding the possibility of continuing the programme.

DOMESTIC PROGRAMMES

- The task of the National Centre for Research and Development is – in accordance with the Act of 30 April 2010 on the National Centre for Research and Development – to support the creation of modern solutions and technologies that increase innovation and thus the competitiveness of the Polish economy. The Centre’s activities are aimed at strengthening cooperation between Polish business and contributing to the commercialization of the results of scientific

The programme is addressed to scientific consortia.

IN 2017:

• TANGO

Project to strengthen cooperation between scientists and entrepreneurs

TANGO is a joint undertaking of the NCBR and the National Science Centre (NCN) aimed at supporting research institutions in marketing innovative technologies, products and services, as well as strengthening collaboration between scientists and entrepreneurs. It is used to finance such initiatives as developing the concept of commercialisation of research results, acquisition of partners interested in the implementation of these results and securing intellectual property rights.

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The programme is addressed to entities carrying out basic research projects financed, for example, by the NCN, as part of the following programmes: Opus, Harmonia, Sonata, Sonata Bis, and Maestro, as well as by grants awarded by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education. The programme is addressed to scientific units, scientific

applications. 1,319 scientific articles have been published in renowned international journals.

IN 2017:

PROGRAMME BUDGET UNTIL 2020 – PLN 250 MILLION

centres, research organisations, and individual scientists.

• we monitored the implementation of 66 projects from call for proposals I, • we signed 25 agreements from call for proposals II, • we evaluated 9 periodic reports, • we evaluated 3 final reports, • we signed 19 annexes to agreements.

• LIDER

Programme of support for young scientists

The main objective of the LIDER programme is to broaden the competences of young scientists to independently plan, manage, and lead their own research teams during the implementation of research projects whose results can be implemented in the economy. The programme also stimulates collaboration between scientists and entrepreneurs by supporting research that can possibly be commercialised.

LIDER III – VIII • we supervised/settled 132 projects in progress with a total value of PLN 149.7 million.

In 2017 under the Lider VIII competition: • 183 applications were submitted with a value of PLN 202.21 million, • we selected for co-financing 35 projects with a value of PLN 40.3 million, • we signed 32 agreements for co-financing with a total value of PLN 36.7 million, • the allocation amounted to PLN 40 million.

Since the beginning of the LIDER programme, 361 scientific units have taken part, and we have succeeded in establishing cooperation with 317 of them. As a result of the implementation of the programme, 499 innovative solutions have been presented. Young scientists have submitted a total of 334 utility models, roll-outs and patent

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• PANDA 2

Programme for support of costs of maintaining research infrastructure

The PANDA2 programme is addressed to centres conducting scientific research or development work and working for the dissemination of science. The aim of the programme is to support the maintenance of R&D infrastructure with a value of at least PLN 50 million, established under the Operational Programme Innovative Economy, and enabling external entities to conduct research. The budget allocated for co-financing projects amounts to PLN 50 million per year.

The programme is addressed to beneficiaries of projects of the second round of the Operational Programme Innovative Economy, for whom co- financing amounted to at least PLN 50 million.

IN 2017:

• we monitored 16 projects.

• CYBERSECIDENT

Cybersecurity and e-Identity

The research and development programme CyberSecident – Cybersecurity and e-Identity is aimed at scientific consortia conducting industrial research and development work aimed at increasing the security of the country’s cyberspace by increasing the availability of hardware and programming solutions. The programme focuses on technological solutions that facilitate cooperation and coordination of activities between various security domains of cyberspace, with special emphasis on digital identity. The project is implemented in cooperation with the Ministry of Digitization.

The programme is addressed to scientific consortia, which include scientific units and enterprises.

IN 2017: Call for proposals I: allocation PLN 70 million

• we formally and substantively assessed 10 submitted applications,

• we signed 4 agreements for co-financing and implementation of the project, • we signed 1 annexe to an agreement, • we awarded co-financing to the amount of over PLN 47 million.

Call for proposals II: allocation PLN 31.7 million

• we formally and substantively assessed 15 submitted applications, • we published a ranking of 6 projects recommended for cofinancing with a total value of over PLN 64 million.

• RID

SMART GROWTH OPERATIONAL PROGRAMME

- The Smart Growth Operational Programme (SGOP) is financed from funds of the European Regional Development Fund. It is the biggest programme in the European Union devoted to the development of research and the creation of innovation. The aim of the programme is to support R&D projects – co-financing is provided for the implementation of the projects, which cover industrial research and development. The calls for proposals are carried out separately for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and for large enterprises and consortia.

Development of Road Innovations

MEASURE 1.2

TOTAL PROGRAMME BUDGET – PLN 50 MILLION

SECTORAL R&D PRORAGRAMMES

RID is a joint undertaking of the NCBR and the General Directorate of National Roads and Motorways. Its purpose is to support the construction and transformation of road infrastructure meeting economic efficiency criteria and having a positive impact on increasing the competitiveness of the Polish economy. The programme finances research and development projects in this area.

The recipients of the programme are scientific consortia.

Sectoral programmes help implement large R&D undertakings important for the development of individual industries or sectors of the economy. They are intended to strengthen their innovativeness and competitiveness in international markets.

The joint ventures are initiated in the sectoral programmes by a group of companies that act on behalf of the industry – e.g. through a technology platform or cluster initiative. This means that they need to agree in which segments they see the greatest potential for innovative development and differentiation in the world. Next, the group needs to provide an outline of the research agenda together with a specific R&D request. Co-financing is granted to projects that include industrial research and experimental development or experimental development only in the areas indicated. Above all, we support projects that match the National Smart Specialisation, including new specialisations, discovered in the innovation development of companies and industries. The beneficiaries of projects co-financed under this mechanism can be entrepreneurs or business consortia.

In the years 2015-2023 almost EUR 875 million will be available for the co-financing of sectoral projects.

IN 2017:

• we monitored 15 projects, • we signed 24 annexes to agreements, • we evaluated 15 periodic reports.

• SOCIAL INNOVATIONS

Support for social technical and technological innovations

A programme of support for the science sector, business environment and the NGO sector in the field of undertaking and implementing innovative social activities and initiatives based on the achievements of science and technology. The programme is aimed at individuals undertaking activities that are to stimulate social development and improve the quality of life within society. The main aim of the programme is to improve the quality of life of society, with special emphasis on those groups and areas in which there is a real need for innovative solutions and new social initiatives. The specific objectives of the programme are: an increase in the number of implementations of innovative technical solutions and innovative products, services and procedures that allow solving complex social problems and an increase in intersectoral cooperation at the local, regional and national level.

The programme is aimed at research units, consortia and entrepreneurs.

IN 2017:

• we monitored 25 projects, from calls for proposals I-II, • we signed 5 annexes to agreements, • we evaluated 25 periodic reports, • we evaluated 12 final reports, • we settled 13 agreements for the performance and funding of projects, • we completed the mid-term evaluation of the programme (2016 Q3 – 2017 Q1).

• INNOSBZ The sectoral programme INNOSBZ was initiated by the Polish Platform for Technology of Unmanned Systems. The programme aims to increase the competitiveness and innovativeness of the Polish unmanned systems production sector in the global market by 2026. Support under the INNOSBZ programme covers such thematic areas as unmanned aircraft, unmanned land platforms, unmanned platforms operating in a water environment, subsystems, subcomponents and technologies for unmanned platforms and industrial applications for unmanned systems.

IN 2017:

• we signed 11 agreements with a total amount of co-financing of approx. PLN 44 million, • we announced call for proposals II, which is planned to be settled in 2018 Q1; the amount allocated for co-financing projects under call for proposals II is PLN 50 million.

• PBSE The sectoral programme PBSE was created on the initiative of the Polish Electricity Committee. The programme aims to increase the innovativeness of Poland’s national power sector. We are committed to polish market

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increasing the energy efficiency of the sector while reducing its negative impact on the environment. Therefore, we place special emphasis on increasing the share of energy obtained from renewable energy sources (RES), increasing the sector’s readiness for intensive development of pro-consumer energy, and reducing the level of pollutant emissions generated by enterprises.

IN 2017:

• we announced and settled call for proposals I, resulting in the signing of 23 agreements for a total amount of co-financing of PLN 88 million, • we announced call for proposals II, which is planned to be settled in 2018 Q2; the amount allocated for co-financing is PLN 120 million.

• INNOTEXTILE The programme was initiated by the Association of Employers of the Clothing and Textile Industry "PIOT". The aim of INNOTEXTILE is to increase the competitiveness and innovativeness of the Polish textile sector by 2023. We intend to make our technologies and production processes more technologically advanced and environmentally friendly. Under the programme we also support projects aimed at developing a sustainable market of raw materials for the textile industry. We also want to build modern IT systems for designing, producing and distributing textiles and clothing.

IN 2017:

• we signed 10 agreements for a total amount of co-financing of approx. PLN 22 million with beneficiaries selected in the call for proposals from 2016 (allocation PLN 60 million).

• GAMEINN The sectoral programme GameINN was initiated by the Polish Games Association and aims to increase the competitiveness of the Polish sector of producers of video games in the global market by 2023.

Projects from various areas can apply for support from the programme, including video game design and development, platform development, engines and processing techniques, application of artificial intelligence, development of new tools and interaction mechanisms, digital distribution and multiplayer online games, tools and knowledge supporting the game development process, and extending the application of technologies and tools to other fields.

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IN 2017: • we signed 38 agreements for an amount of approx. PLN 114 million with beneficiaries selected in call for proposals I (allocation PLN 117 million), • we planned and settled call for proposals II (allocation PLN 100 million), • we signed 35 agreements with beneficiaries selected in call for proposals II for a total amount of approx. PLN 85 million.

• INNOSTAL The sectoral programme INNOSTAL aims to increase the competitiveness and innovativeness of the Polish steel industry. The programme was initiated by the Polish Steel Association.

Support under the INNOSTAL programme focuses on the following:

• technology for manufacturing new, improved steel products, • development of new and improved batch materials and alloys for metallurgical production, • recovery and recycling of raw materials from metallurgical waste and scrap, • optimization of energy consumption, batch materials, utilities, and metallurgical tools and equipment, • development of innovative systems and technologies that reduce harmful emissions to the environment, • development of innovative solutions to modernize and support metallurgical technological processes.

IN 2017:

• we signed 20 agreements for a total amount of approx. PLN 134 million with beneficiaries selected in call for proposals I announced in 2016, • we announced call for proposals II (allocation PLN 95 million), which is planned to be settled in the second half of 2018.

• IUSER The sectoral programme IUSER was initiated by the National Chamber of Commerce for Electronics and Telecommunications. The main aim of the programme is to increase the international competitiveness of the sector of producers of smart devices and systems for energy generation and the management of systems and elements of dispersed generation. Under the programme, we want to support the involvement of enterprises in research and development and thus increase the number of innovative products

and processes and their implementation in the sector. We expect that the products and processes developed under the programme will contribute to the overall improvement of the energy efficiency of the economy.

The areas supported under the IUSER programme are primarily the following:

• energy storage in end user systems, • control of generation and energy in dispersed systems of end users, • development of technologies aimed at increasing energy efficiency, • development of technology for the construction of the Internet of Things devices, • development of systems, devices and software that improve the security of critical infrastructure networks.

IN 2017:

• we prepared and announced two calls for proposals, • we settled call for proposals I, • we signed 10 agreements for an amount of approx. PLN 42 million, • the results of the second competition, whose budget initially amounts to PLN 150 million, will be announced in 2018 Q3.

• INNOCHEM The sectoral programme INNOCHEM aims to improve the competitive position of the Polish chemical sector on global markets by strengthening the ability to generate innovative solutions in cooperation with scientists. The programme was initiated by the Polish Chamber of Chemical Industry (PIPC) and will last until 2023. The programme will support, among others, projects covering the extraction of raw materials and the production of core products and specialist products. We also want the programme to result in the development of new technologies (in particular the optimisation of current processes), including low-emission production technology.

IN 2017:

• we announced and settled call for proposals II (allocation PLN 180 million), • we signed 19 agreements for a total amount of co-financing of approx.

PLN 80 million.

• INNOTABOR The sectoral programme INNOTABOR was established at the request of an initiative group consisting of Pojazdy Szynowe PESA Bydgoszcz SA, NEWAG SA, Wagony Świdnica SA, Europejskie Konsorcjum Kolejowe Wagon Sp. z o.o., H. Cegielski Fabryka Pojazdów Szynowych Sp. z o.o. and Solaris Bus & Coach SA. The programme aims to increase the innovativeness and competitiveness of the Polish rolling stock sector by 2023.

The activities of the INNOTABOR programme focus on the following areas:

• development and implementation of modern construction solutions and technologies in high-speed vehicles and railway vehicles that meet the requirements of the applicable Technical Specifications for Interoperability, • development and implementation of modern structural and technological solutions in the main sub-components of rail vehicles, • development of means of transport in urban agglomerations and metropolitan areas,

• development of special vehicles meeting high requirements in the processes of maintenance and testing of modern infrastructure.

IN 2017:

• we settled call for proposals I (allocation PLN 196 million), • we signed 11 agreements for a total amount of co-financing of approx. PLN 130 million.

• INNOMOTO The sectoral programme INNOMOTO was initiated by the Agreement for the sectoral programme of scientific research and development works "INNOMOTO", which includes the Industrial Automotive Institute, the Polish Chamber of Automotive Industry, the Polish Automotive Industry Association, the Association of Distributors and Manufacturers of Automotive Parts, the Association of Employers of Automotive and Industrial Goods, and the Association of Automotive Industry Employers.

INNOMOTO’s main aim is to increase the innovativeness and competitiveness of the Polish automotive sector by 2026. Under the programme, we will support, among others, projects that will result in the development of innovative technologies of manufacturing, regeneration, recovery and recycling.

We want the implementation of the programme to result in modern, innovative vehicles and propulsion systems as well as innovative systems, components, and parts for use in vehicles.

IN 2017:

• we planned and settled call for proposals I (allocation PLN 254 million), • we signed 42 agreements for a total amount of co-financing of approx. PLN 202 million.

• WOODINN The sectoral programme WoodINN was initiated by the partnership of Key Entities of Wood and Forestry Technologies WOODSTRATEG and a consortium of furniture companies and a scientific institute.

Its main aim is to increase the competitiveness and innovativeness of the Polish forestry, wood and furniture sector on the international arena. We also want to increase the research and development activity and innovativeness of the entities in this sector. We would like the programme to contribute to a reduction in the negative impact of the forestry, wood and furniture sector on the environment.

The WoodINN programme covers the following research areas:

• modern raw materials and materials for the forestry, wood and furniture sector, • innovative products of the forestry, wood and furniture sector with unique functions and utility properties, • innovative production technologies and manufacturing processes in the forestry, wood and furniture sector.

IN 2017:

• we announced and settled call for proposals I (allocation PLN 120 million), • we signed 12 agreements for a total amount of co-financing of over PLN 34 million. polish market

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• INNONEUROPHARM The sectoral programme InnoNeuroPharm was initiated by the Polish Association of Pharmaceutical Industry Employers (PZPPF). Above all, the programme aims to increase the competitiveness and innovativeness of the Polish pharmaceutical sector, including neuromedicine. The task of the programme is to support the research and development activities of pharmaceutical sector entities (particularly neuromedicine) and assist the development of measures leading to an increase in innovation in the sector.

The activities of the InnoNeuroPharm programme focus on the following research areas:

• innovative medicinal products, • innovative technologies for the production of medicinal products, • innovative diagnostic methods and new biomarkers with practical diagnostic-predictive applications in the field of neuromedicine, • innovative methods of rehabilitation of patients in neuromedicine, • development of tools supporting research into medicinal products.

IN 2017:

• we announced and settled call for proposals I (allocation PLN 190 million), • we signed 13 agreements for a total amount of co-financing of approx. PLN 144 million.

• INNOVATIVE RECYCLING The sectoral programme INNOVATIVE RECYCLING was initiated by the Chamber of Non-Ferrous Metals and Recycling. The programme aims to increase the innovativeness of the country’s minerals and wood recycling sector. In implementing this programme, we want to increase the research and development activity of the entities in this sector and thus increase the number of innovations. Under the programme we also put emphasis on activities leading to an improvement in the condition of the natural environment, including the introduction of sustainable management of natural resources in production.

The INNOVATIVE RECYCLING programme covers the following research areas: • non-ferrous metal sector waste, • mining waste from hard coal, • waste from glass, ceramics and building materials, • wood waste.

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IN 2017: • we planned and settled call for proposals I (allocation PLN 90 million), • we signed 12 agreements for a total amount of co-financing of approx. PLN 49 million.

• FAST TRACK We are the first public institution in Poland to have introduced a market-based financing system that reduces paperwork to a minimum and shortens decision time to 60 days after submission of documents. All this is to enable entrepreneurs to launch their planned investments and improve their innovativeness as quickly as possible.

The aim of this part of the Smart Growth Operational Programme is to support R&D projects implemented by enterprises. We provide cofinancing for investment projects that include industrial R&D or just development projects (projects that do not include development works are not eligible for funding). The entrepreneur – the programme’s beneficiary – may delegate part of the R&D work to a subcontractor. However, each call for proposals defines the limit for the value of work that can be subcontracted to third parties.

Calls for proposals are conducted separately for SMEs and for large enterprises.

In 2017 we opened and announced the results of a total of 6 calls for proposals, of which 4 calls for proposals were targeted at SMEs and 2 aimed at large enterprises.

Results of activities in 2017: SMEs • in call for proposals I (planned budget – PLN 1.087 billion) we evaluated 342 applications and signed 112 agreements, • in call for proposals III "SME small projects" (planned budget – PLN 150 million) we evaluated 334 applications and signed 94 agreements, • in call for proposals IV (planned budget – PLN 50 million) for projects awarded the certificate "Seal of Excellence", i.e. projects that had earlier obtained a positive evaluation but had not been awarded co-financing, we evaluated 13 applications and signed 4 agreements, • in call for proposals V (planned budget – PLN 1 billion) offering cofinancing of works related to the preparation of implementation of research results which as a result will enable commercialisation of the research, we received 510 applications and signed one agreement.

Some of the applications will be evaluated in 2018.

In 2017 we also continued work related to calls for proposals announced a year earlier. Finalising calls for proposals I and III of 2016, we signed 57 and 67 agreements respectively.

Results of activities in 2017: large enterprises and consortia • in call for proposals II (planned budget – PLN 698 million) we evaluated 65 applications and signed 37 agreements, • in call for proposals VI (planned budget – PLN 350 million) offering co-financing of works preparing the implementation and commercialisation of the project, we received 92 applications, of which the full evaluation will be completed in 2018.

In 2017 we also continued work related to calls for proposals announced in previous years: we signed 23 agreements under call for proposals II of 2016, and finalising call for proposals II of 2015, we signed an agreement with one applicant.

SUB-MEASURE 4.1.1

STRATEGIC RESEARCH PROGRAMMES FOR THE ECONOMY We offer funding for research and development projects carried out by either scientific consortia or scientific and industrial consortia. We want to encourage scientific institutions and scientific and industrial consortia to carry out R&D on new technological solutions generating results that will meet the needs of specific companies and public entities, including local governments.

Our activities are carried out in two stages: • selection of strategic research programmes indicating areas in which the work conducted will answer technological problems defined by an entrepreneur or public entity, • selection and evaluation of projects covering the carrying out of research and development works on issues defined in the strategic programme.

The funding is provided based on the "joint venture" formula, in which enterprises or public entities participate on the one hand, and the National Centre for Research and Development participates on the other hand. In 2017, five joint ventures were implemented – three in which NCBR’s partners were enterprises, and two in which they were public entities.

• JOINT VENTURE INGA In 2017, we signed an implementation agreement for the implementation of the INGA Joint Venture (WP INGA), consisting in the support of research and development in the gas industry. The programme is implemented by the NCBR in cooperation with Polskie Górnictwo Naftowe i Gazownictwo SA (PGNiG) and the Gas Transmission Operator GAZ-SYSTEM SA (GAZ-SYSTEM).

The main objective of the INGA Joint Venture is to increase the innovation and competitiveness of the Polish gas industry on the global market. In particular, it aims to bring about faster implementation of innovation in this area, improve the efficiency of the Polish gas industry and reduce its negative impact on the environment.

In 2017, a research agenda was prepared, a WP INGA agreement was signed, and draft documentation for the call for proposals was prepared.

• JOINT VENTURE SYNCHEM The SYNChem Joint Venture is implemented in cooperation with SYNTHOS SA. It is a programme to increase the competitiveness of the Polish chemical industry. In particular, its goal is to support activities promoting innovative technologies in the chemical industry.

In 2017, the call for proposals announced in 2016 was settled.

Three contracts for co-financing were signed.

• JOINT VENTURE BRIK The Joint Venture "BRIK – Research and Development in Railway Infrastructure" is a programme supporting research and development in railway infrastructure implemented by NCBR and PKP Polskie Linie Kolejowe SA. The main goal of the project is to increase the innovativeness and competitiveness of rail transport in Poland. The specific tasks of the programme include:

• digitalization and processing of railway traffic parameters, • increasing the availability and durability of facilities related to travel services, • increasing the resistance of railway infrastructure to climatic factors and interference of third parties, • improving the maintenance and modernization process of the railway infrastructure.

We would like the programme to result in a greater number of innovative solutions, higher operational efficiency, and better management of railway infrastructure, as well as a reduction in the negative impact of railway transport on the environment.

In 2017, a call for proposals was announced with a budget of PLN 50 million (NCBR – PLN 25 million, PKP PLK SA – PLN 25 million).

The call for proposals will be settled in 2018.

• JOINT VENTURE WITH LUBELSKIE VOIVODESHIP The Joint Venture "Lublin Upland of Photonic Technologies" is a support programme for industrial research and development in the field of photonic technology implemented by the NCBR and Lubelskie Voivodeship.

As part of the programme, we co-finance projects selected in calls for proposals organized independently by both partners. The NCBR calls for proposals include industrial research projects, and the Lubelskie Voivodeship calls for proposals cover development projects.

The main objective of the joint venture is to increase the ability of the Lublin area’s economy and science to create and commercialize knowledge in the field of photonic technology. The programme is intended to increase the activity of scientific units in the field of photonics and encourage enterprises operating in this area to finance research and development.

In the programme budget, the NCBR and Lubelskie Voivodeship participate in equal parts – each contributing PLN 35 million.

In 2017, we signed an agreement on the implementation of the joint venture and announced a call for proposals that will be settled in 2018.

• JOINT VENTURE WITH ŁÓDZKIE VOIVODESHIP The main objective of the NCBR and Łódzkie Voivodeship Joint Venture is to support the R&D activities of the Łódź province’s economy and science aimed at halting and reversing the negative life expectancy trends, as well as incidence of civilization and metabolic diseases. polish market

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We would like the programme to result in more activity on the part of research centres and greater involvement on the part of enterprises operating in this area.

In 2017, we signed an agreement on the implementation of the joint venture. The announcement of the call for proposals was postponed to the first quarter of 2018.

SUB-MEASURE 4.1.2

REGIONAL SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH AGENDAS The Regional Scientific Research Agendas (RANB) make it possible to coordinate research and development works conducted by scientific and industrial consortia, in which the leader is a scientific unit. The Agendas make it possible to select the most promising projects in terms of the greatest impact on the economic development of Poland and its individual regions.

The first stage of the programme determined the thematic scope of the research agendas, while the call for proposals for co-financing R&D projects was conducted at the second stage based on criteria accepted by the OP Smart Development Monitoring Committee.

In 2017, we signed 22 agreements for a total amount of PLN 67 million as a result of the settlement of the call for proposals of the previous year (allocation PLN 400 million).

We announced the next call for proposals with a budget of PLN 340 million, and in response we received 114 applications. 35 projects were recommended for co-financing for a total amount of PLN 138 million.

SUB-MEASURE 4.1.4

APPLICATION PROJECTS

Under the programme, we support R&D projects carried out by scientific and industrial consortia. The expected results of projects applying for co- financing should bring new knowledge to the current state of science and technique on a global scale.

In 2017 we announced a call for proposals with a budget of PLN 200 million, which attracted 29 applications. We signed 23 agreements for a total amount of over PLN 106 million.

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MEASURE 4.2

DEVELOPMENT OF MODERN RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURE OF THE SCIENCE SECTOR Under this programme we support national and international research infrastructure projects located on the Polish Road Map for Research Infrastructures and at the same time provide access to this infrastructure to entrepreneurs and other stakeholders. Projects cannot duplicate existing resources and should complement the existing R&D infrastructure. Applicants should present a research agenda complying with the National Smart Specialisation, a plan for the use of the R&D infrastructure after project completion, and a plan for financing the maintenance of the R&D infrastructure after project completion.

In 2017 we announced a call for proposals with a budget of PLN 550 million, which will be settled in 2018.

MEASURE 4.3

INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH AGENDAS The International Research Agendas (IRA) are organised by the Foundation for Polish Science (FNP), which is responsible, among others, for the recruitment and monitoring of the grant projects selected in the calls for proposals, as well as accounting for their implementation. The NCBR is responsible for substantive and financial supervision over the FNP.

International Research Agendas are research programmes created by applicants and world- renowned scientists in the area of the scientific institution’s expertise. The programme aims to create specialised, world-class scientific institutions in Poland applying the world’s best practices in identifying programmes and research topics, HR policy and R&D management, and commercialisation of R&D results. The total amount allocated to support the entities selected in all calls for proposals in the IRA programme is over PLN 532 million.

In 2017, under measure 4.3 International Research Agendas, 25 applications were submitted, of which 6 were granted

co-financing, with a total amount of funding exceeding PLN 224 million. In addition, 4 calls for proposals were announced with a total budget of PLN 640 million, which will be settled in 2018.

MEASURE 4.4

ENHANCING THE HUMAN RESOURCES POTENTIAL IN THE R&D SECTOR This measure comprises the programmes HOMING/ POWROTY, TEAM TECH and TEAM. The measure aims to develop R&D personnel in team projects led by scientists (regardless of their nationality) who have outstanding experience in implementing research results in the economy or providing research services or operating research equipment for business clients.

The Foundation for Polish Science (FNP) is responsible for recruitment, monitoring and accounting for the implementation of the grant projects selected in the calls for proposals, while the NCBR is responsible for substantive and financial supervision over the Foundation.

• HOMING/POWROTY Through this programme we want to support the development of R&D personnel in scientific units and enterprises in Poland. The programme consists of three components, and the total amount allocated for its implementation is PLN 205 million.

• HOMING The addressees are young scientists from around the world working in the most innovative areas – regardless of nationality, but with special emphasis on outstanding scientists of Polish origin, who the programme aims to encourage to return to Poland. In 2017, the FNP selected 8 winners in one of the two announced calls for proposals, awarding total funding of PLN 6.2 million.

Call for proposals II will be settled in 2018.

• POWROTY Under this measure, post-doctoral internship projects are funded for young scientists from around the world who specialize in the most innovative areas and return to research work after a break. In 2017, as a result of the settlement of one of the two announced calls for proposals, the FNP signed agreements with 4 scientific units for a total amount of PLN 3.1 million. Call for proposals II will be settled in 2018.

• FIRST TEAM Support is aimed at the first research teams conducted by scientists with a PhD degree at early stages of their scientific career. Teams that can apply for the funding must conduct research in scientific units or enterprises in Poland, work in the most innovative areas and have a scientific partner. The programme aims to encourage outstanding scientists of Polish origin to return to Poland as well as encourage people to return to R&D after a break in research work.

In 2017, as a result of the settlement of one of the two announced calls for proposals, the FNP signed 9 contracts for a total amount of co-financing of almost PLN 26 million. Call for proposals II will be settled in 2018.

• TEAM The aim of the TEAM programme is to develop the R&D staff in team projects led by eminent scientists from around the world (regardless of their nationality) in scientific units, enterprises or scientific and industrial consortia in Poland, working in the most innovative areas, with the participation of a foreign partner.

This programme is intended to enable people starting their scientific career – students, doctoral students or young PhD scientists – to gain experience in conducting R&D work during the implementation of ground-breaking international scientific research of major importance for the economy and society. The total amount allocated for the implementation of the TEAM programme is PLN 205 million.

In 2017, three calls for proposals were announced in the TEAM programme. Two of them were settled: in the first one 13 contracts were signed for a total amount of PLN 44.6 million, and under the second one, 11 projects were recommended for a total amount of PLN 37 million.

• TEAM TECH This programme is intended to enable people starting their scientific career – students, doctoral students or young PhD scientists – to gain experience in conducting R&D work during the implementation of a project into the development of a technology, process or innovative product (TEAM TECH call for proposals) as well as the creation and development of research services using advanced research equipment (Core Facility call for proposals). The total amount allocated for the TEAM TECH programme is PLN 205.3 million.

In 2017, as a result of the settlement of two calls for proposals, 7 agreements were signed for a total amount of PLN 24 million, and another 7 projects were recommended for co-financing in the amount of PLN 20 million.

SUB-MEASURE 1.3.1

FINANCING R&D PROJECTS IN THE PRESEED PHASE

BY PROOF OF CONCEPT FUNDS – BRIDGE ALPHA

• BRIDGE ALPHA Our goal in creating the BRIdge Alpha programme was to build a network of investment vehicles in the form of proof of concept funds, whose task is to verify and approve R&D projects at a very early stage of development (in the so-called pre-seed phase). In this way we want to increase the number of technological and biotechnological projects in the early stage equity investment market.

Under the programme we provide support for R&D projects implemented by Polish scientific units, financing their test phase (proof of principle) and capitalizing the companies established on the basis of the approved projects.

The budget of one fund vehicle ranges between PLN 10 million and PLN 30 million, while non-refundable co-financing by the NCBR does not exceed 80 percent. The remaining part must be contributed by the entrepreneurs-investors. An individual project can usually expect funding of up to PLN 1 million.

In 2017, under call for proposals II, 44 applications were recommended for a total amount of PLN 1,438 million. polish market

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SUB-MEASURE 1.3.2

PUBLIC-PRIVATE FINANCING OF R&D INVOLVING THE PARTICIPATION OF VENTURE CAPITAL FUNDS – NCBR VC NCBR VC The aim of the programme is to support the commercialisation of industrial research and development with the participation of venture capital funds already at the early stages of project financing. By creating it, we want to increase the scale of commercialisation of the results of R&D projects in Poland through cooperation of the NCBR and private entities from Poland and abroad.

Under the NCBR VC, we will create a Fund’s Fund managed by a professional Fund’s Fund Manager who, in accordance with the adopted Investment Strategy, will select several teams managing VC Funds (each with an indicative capitalization of EUR 50-200 million), specializing in investments in companies developing advanced technologies, being at various stages of development and operating in various industries.

The Venture Capital Fund (VC) management teams, seeking to generate a profit on the capital contributed by the Fund of Funds and investors, will create new enterprises or invest in existing companies from the high technology sector and take care of their competitiveness. Thanks to the connections of the management teams (personal, capital, institutional) with global participants of the venture capital industry, a stable system of capital financing for innovative enterprises will be created in Poland.

Such a system of commercialisation of high-risk scientific research was not previously available in Poland. In light of American, Korean and Israeli experience, the programme will ensure more effective development of Polish innovative technology.

In 2017 we created two Funds of Funds, which are managed by professional managers of Funds of Funds. Co-financing allocated for the performance of tasks amounts to PLN 1,073 million.

DEFENCE AND SECURITY - Programme for strengthen-

The National Centre for Research and Development, in agreement with the Minister of Defence and the Minister of Internal Affairs, conducts activities related to research on national security and defence.

Undertakings that will have a real impact on strengthening Polish national security receive funding under calls for proposals. The programmes and projects aim not only to increase the potential of Polish scientific and industrial entities, but also to support technological independence through the creation of Polish know-how in national security and defence.

As part of scientific research for national security and defence, in 2017 we prepared and announced:

Call for proposals No. 2/P/2017 "YOUNG SCIENTISTS 2017" Projects submitted in the programme should develop innovative technological solutions and achievements or develop the operational capabilities of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Poland and services responsible for security in the following areas:

• cyber defence, • autonomous unmanned platforms, • missile air defence technologies.

Scientific units, scientific consortia, scientific and industrial centres, and enterprises were eligible to take part in the call for proposals.

OPERATIONAL PROGRAMME DIGITAL POLAND

- The programme aims to strengthen and take advantage of the digital potential of the Polish economy to improve the quality of life of society, among others, by ensuring universal access to the internet, implementing effective and user-friendly public e-services, and improving the digital skills of society.

MEASURE 3.3

ing national security.

e-PIONIER

• FUTURE TECHNOLOGIES FOR DEFENCE

The "e-Pionier" project is carried out under measure 3.3 of Operating Programme Digital Poland. We support young, talented programmers and

Call for proposals for young scientists

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engineers in implementing ideas that have a chance to bring solutions to significant social or economic problems – we know them thanks to cooperation with units of public institutions. In two calls for proposals we selected so-called accelerators, which ensure business and technologi-

cal support for the most promising ideas. The NCBR not only contributes to the creation of new, needed solutions, but also at the same time builds for them a market – the solutions respond to reported problems.

In 2017 we carried out the second, and last, call for proposals under measure e-Pionier – 4 accelerators received almost PLN 40 million for the implementation of their projects.

OPERATIONAL PROGRAMME KNOWLEDGE EDUCATION DEVELOPMENT MEASURE 3.1

COMPETENCES IN HIGHER EDUCATION Our aim in this measure is to improve the skills of people participating in higher education so that they meet the needs of the economy, labour market and society. We achieve this through the following types of projects:

• development and implementation of educational programmes tailored to the needs of the economy, the labour market and society, • improving the skills of people participating in higher education in areas that are key to the economy and development of the country, and based on the demand reported by employers/ employers’ organizations, • supporting institutions assisting students in starting their professional activity on the labour market (e.g. academic career offices).

MEASURE 3.2

DOCTORAL STUDIES

Our aim here is primarily to improve the quality and the effectiveness of education at the level of doctoral studies. We want to achieve

this, among others, by supporting international doctoral studies programmes and interdisciplinary doctoral programmes on a national or international scale, as well as supporting doctoral studies in key areas for the economy and society, developing innovation and ensuring commercialization of the results of studies.

MEASURE 3.4

MANAGEMENT IN HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS Our aim in this measure is to support organisational changes and improve the skills of staff in the higher education system. We achieve this by organising projects in the following areas:

• implementation at universities of changes in the management of the education process, in particular, IT management tools, such as the creation of a central repository system of diploma theses, operation of so-called anti-plagiarism programmes, creation of open educational resources and IT support of didactic processes, • supporting university consolidation processes, • improving the didactic competences of the teaching staff in the field of innovative teaching skills, IT skills, including the use of professional databases and their use in the education process, teaching in foreign languages, and information management, • improvement of managerial skills of managerial and administrative staff in universities, such as team management and financial management, as well as support for university structures related to the use of financial resources.

MEASURE 3.5

COMPREHENSIVE PROGRAMMES OF HIGHER EDUCATION SCHOOLS Our aim in this measure is to improve the skills of people participating in higher education so that they meet the needs of the economy, labour market and society. We want to achieve this, among others, by improving the quality and effectiveness of education at a doctoral studies level, improving access to international education programmes for Polish and foreign students, as well as supporting organisational changes and improving the competences of higher education staff.

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MECHANISMS FOR FINANCING R&D PROCESSES IN VARIOUS PHASES OF PROJECT/ ENTERPRISE DEVELOPMENT Innovation in businesses is of key importance for the economic development of the country. It is a basis for building Economy 4.0 in Poland.

JAN MAZUREK

INNOVATION IS NECESSARY Innovation in businesses is indispensable for the country’s economy to prosper. Economic competitiveness in the international arena and GDP growth depend on the country’s innovation performance. Innovation is also a way to avoid the middle-income trap. In order to improve the innovation performance of the Polish economy, the government supports the businesses which do not want to lag behind the fast developing world. In 20142020, EUR10 billion in EU funding was set aside for research and development (R&D) projects and innovation under the Operational Programme Smart Growth and Regional Operational Programmes. The funding will be supplemented by money from the national budget and the

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businesses’ own resources. It is expected that thanks to this financing R&D spending in Poland will grow to 1.7% of the GDP by 2020. At present, this rate stands at 1.0%.

A LEADING FUNDING INSTITUTION The National Centre for Research and Development (NCBR) is an executive agency of the Minister of Science and Higher Education. For 11 years now the Centre has linked the world of science and business, creating conditions for R&D work and its commercialisation.

By partially funding R&D processes, the Centre supports Polish entrepreneurs and contributes significantly to reducing the business risk involved in implementing new research projects.

The mission of the National Centre for Research and Development is to carry out tasks supporting the social and economic development of Poland and to solve development problems of its inhabitants.

The NCBR plays the role of an intermediary institution for the Operational Programme Smart Growth and Operational Programme Knowledge, Education, Development. It also carries out a number of national and international programmes as well as projects associated with the country’s security and defence. The NCBR’s operation is financed from the national budget and European Union sources.The total value of projects co-financed by the NCBR in 2017, irrespective of the date when they have been submitted, amounted to PLN7.67 billion. The overall funding for projects submitted for competitions announced in 2017 was worth PLN3.7 billion. In 2018, the NCBR plans to spend over PLN4 billion.

The NCBR carries out its mission through programmes of support for applied research and R&D work, the transfer of research findings to the marketplace, and support for the development of young scientific workers. The Centre cooperates with other organisations in joint undertakings and sectoral programmes.

In the 2014-2020 EU financial period, the NCBR is responsible for the transfer of funding under three operational programmes: Operational Programme Smart Growth, Operational Programme Knowledge, Education, Development and Operational Programme Digital Poland.

• The Operational Programme Smart Growth is the largest programme in the European Union supporting the development of research and innovation. Scientists and businesses receive funding for joint research and development work. The results of the work find practical application in the economy. A total of EUR8.6 billion has been allocated for the programme from the EU budget.

• The Operational Programme Knowledge, Education, Development is designed to improve policy and public measures supporting the labour market, education and the whole economy, especially development-oriented higher education, the promotion of social innovation and international cooperation. EUR4.4 billion has been set aside for the implementation of the programme.

• The Operational Programme Digital Poland is aimed at supporting Internet accessibility, the development of citizen-friendly e-administration and the spread of knowledge of modern information technologies and the skills needed to use them. The budget of the programme is EUR2.3 billion.

EXAMPLES OF FUNDING •

In 2017, the National Centre for Research and Development awarded more than PLN15 million to CreoTech, a technological company based in Piaseczno, outside Warsaw, for the development of an innovative microsatellite platform. The serial production of satellites based on the platform developed by CreoTech may begin

as early as 2020. The satellites will be available to Polish and foreign buyers. Thanks to them, the company has a chance to enter the top league in space technology. The project funded by the NCBR, called Renesans (Renaissance), is part of the company’s HyperSat programme. HyperSat will be a modular universal platform, which – equipped with specialist instruments – will enable carrying out a wide range of space missions: from radio to telecom to optoelectronic and radar observation missions. Domestic and foreign customers are prospective buyers of satellites based on the HyperSat platform.

The implementation of the project is expected to speed up the development of the space industry in Poland and significantly reduce the cost of satellite missions on the global market. The NCBR funding will help not only to raise the potential of the Polish space sector, but will also make it possible to meet the country’s very important needs in terms of satellite observation, including satellite reconnaissance for the needs of the armed forces, which is critical. It will substantially enhance Poland’s security because independence and access to a country’s own reliable data is of great importance.

• The problem of transplant medicine is not only a shortage of organs, but also inability to keep them in good state for a long time before they can reach the patient.

A response to these needs is the Organ-Farm concept, developed by NanoSanguis SA, for long-term storage and transport of organs. NanoSanguis SA is a startup set up to transfer research findings to the marketplace. PLN5.4 million has been awarded for the OrganFarm project under the Operational Programme Smart Growth from the “Industrial Research and Development Work Carried out by Businesses” budget. The company has received 67% of its project budget from the NCBR. The money made it possible to turn an R&D idea into a technology, which will find practical application in healthcare. This enabled moving from a preseed phase to a project ready for commercialisation.

• In 2016, CD PROJEKT, a listed company dealing with the production and distribution of video games, received over PLN22 million in funding for four projects implemented under the sectoral programme GameINN. The GameINN programme, part of the Operational Programme Smart Growth, has been worked out by the NCBR in conjunction with the Polish Games Association. It is a systemic support for the Polish gaming sector, opening new avenues for the development of Polish firms operating in the video game sector. At the same time, it reduces the risk involved in developing and implementing innovative technologies. CD PROJEKT is the company with the highest value in the Polish gaming industry. In July 2018, it had a market capitalisation on the Warsaw Stock Exchange of PLN20 billion, higher than that of the copper conglomerate KGHM Polska Miedź SA. The company’s flagship product is “The Witcher,” a series of three role-playing games (RPG) about a professional monster hunter. The latest game in this series is polish market

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the “Witcher 3: Wild Hunt.” Published in 2015, it won more than 800 awards, including 250 for the best game of the year. The game was released on the most important markets in Europe, both Americas, Asia, Australia and Africa. Games in the “Witcher” series have already been sold in 33 million copies.

• The National Centre for Research and Development has established a fund of funds called NCBR VC. It is the first Polish professional institutional investor providing funding for venture capital (VC) funds. In May 2017, the NCBR and its two partners set up TDJ Pitango Ventures, a fund which will invest USD55 million in Polish technology firms. One of the partners is Pitango Venture Capital based in Israel. The other partner is TDJ, a family investment firm owned by well-known entrepreneur Tomasz Domogała. The main interests of TDJ Pitango Ventures are big data, the Internet of Things (IoT), artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning, software as a service (SaaS), mobile technology and digital media, medical equipment and e-health.

The fund supports firms in their early and later growth phases (seed stage, start-up, later stage, expansion). It will help firms in drawing up their business plans and strategies, global expansion, mergers, acquisitions and preparing initial public offerings.

Since its inception, TDJ Pitango Ventures has already examined more than 1,200 start-ups and in December 2017 signed an investment agreement with StethoMe, a Polish start-up making a smart wireless stethoscope integrated with the smartphone. Since promoting the idea of telecare and the use of telemedical technologies is an important goal in the development of Poland’s ehealth strategy, in January 2017 the StethoMe project received a grant from the NCBR for R&D work. Under the investment agreement, TDJ Pitango Ventures is to invest USD1.5 million in the project. The remaining USD0.5 million in this round of funding will be provided by other venture capital funds.

FAST TRACK FOR SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED BUSINESSES In 2015, the NCBR launched the Fast Track competition as part of sub-measure 1.1.1 “Industrial Research and Development Work Carried out by Businesses as Part of the Operational Programme Smart Growth.” The programme offers an opportunity to receive funding for preparatory work needed to apply their research findings in practice.

The work may include preparing implementation documentation, services of a patent attorney, tests, certification and market research. Funding is available for up to 80% of eligible costs. Additionally, businesses may receive state aid for external advisory services (50% of eligible costs).

One of the Fast Track competitions announced in 2018 is intended for micro, small and medium-sized businesses, with funding available for projects outside Mazowieckie province, in less developed regions. A total of PLN700 million is to be distributed in this competition.

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In 2018, the total budget of the fast-track competitions is PLN2.85 billion.

JOINT UNDERTAKINGS A joint undertaking is a mechanism for funding research and development by the NCBR in conjunction with an external organisation. The budget of the undertaking is made up of money provided by the NCBR and the partner who contributes at least 50% of the total funding. The partners may be public institutions and selected businesses. R&D projects carried out in the form of a joint undertaking are selected by contest.

The following are the joint undertakings carried out by the NCBR so far: • BlueGas – The programme is part of a joint undertaking of the National Centre for Research and Development and the Industrial Development Agency (ARP SA). It is designed to support large integrated R&D undertakings, including testing the developed solution on a pilot scale. The undertakings are to result in developing and commercialising innovative technologies for shale gas extraction in Poland. The total budget of the programme is PLN1 billion.

• CuBR – The main goal of this undertaking, carried out with the KGHM Polska Miedź copper conglomerate, is developing and implementing innovative technologies, devices, materials and products to enhance the competitiveness of the Polish non-ferrous metal sector as a participant in the global market and the global economy. This, in turn, is expected to enable the Polish non-ferrous metal sector to become a world leader, especially when it comes to copper production.

The programme has a total budget of PLN200 million.

• Gekon – The programme is conducted jointly with the National Fund for Environmental Protection and Water Management. Under the programme, funding is provided for scientific research and development and implementation work in the area of innovative environmental technologies. Its budget is composed of PLN200 million from the NCBR for R&D work and another PLN200 million from the National Fund for Environmental Protection and Water Management.

• RID (Development of Road Innovation) – The programme, carried out in conjunction with the General Directorate of National Roads and Motorways, supports scientific research and development work in roadbuilding. The programme has a budget of PLN50 million.

• SYNChem – The programme is a joint undertaking of the National Centre for Research and Development and Synthos SA designed to finance R&D work on the basis of a research agenda based on problem areas proposed by the partner. The main goal of SYNChem is to enhance the innovation performance and competitiveness of the Polish chemical sector by 2023.

The total budget of the programme is PLN8.2 billion.

•

PROJECT CARRIED OUT IN COOPERATION WITH

THE HIGHEST WORLD LEVEL

STAN JUST, Research and Development Manager CD PROJEKT SA, talks about solutions being developed thanks to cooperation with the NCBR.

T

he total value of all the projects carried out by the CD PROJEKT Red game development studio financed under the Sectoral Programme GameINN is close to PLN55 million, with the NCBR funding worth over PLN22 million.

The research and development projects carried out by CD PROJEKT SA under the GameINN programme are focused on our proprietary game engine, REDengine, which enables developing video games at the highest world level. Unfortunately, at the moment we are unable to disclose any details about the scope of the projects. What we can disclose, however, is that they mainly involve raising the quality of individual videogame components by enhancing their production efficiency.

The Sectoral Programme GameINN was initiated in 2016 by the National Centre for Research and Development. At the preparatory stage, its scope was consulted with the Polish Games Association. This gave us confidence that it will fully meet the needs and capabilities of Polish video-game producers. Ultimately, both CD PROJEKT Red and the other producers were able to find in it suitable sections within which they submitted their innovative solutions for the programme.

So far, in the wake of two contests, the NCBR has decided to provide more than PLN200 million in funding for 72 projects. In 2016, CD PROJEKT SA received over PLN22 million in funding for four projects implemented under the Sectoral Programme GameINN. All the four projects concern mainly the further development of our proprietary technology – a video-game engine called REDengine. All the projects are now being implemented.

From the perspective of a beneficiary, it is worth stressing that the money granted under the Sectoral Programme

GameINN offers an opportunity to carry out bold innovative projects, which otherwise would have a slim chance of being implemented because of the high financial risk involved.

•

Projects carried out by CD PROJEKT SA as part of the GameINN programme supported by the National Centre for Research and Development (NCBR) •

Seamless Multiplayer – Comprehensive technology enabling the creation of a unique multiplayer experience, including matchmaking and session management, object replication and support for various gameplay modes together with a custom toolkit.

•

Cinematic Feel – Comprehensive technology enabling a new level of quality in delivering unique cinematic experiences in high-end, open-world RPG games including innovative pipeline solutions and a custom toolkit.

•

Animation Excellence – Comprehensive technology enabling extreme improvements in quality and effectiveness regarding the creation of complex character body and face animations aimed at high-end, open-world RPG games, including innovative pipeline solutions and a custom toolkit.

•

City Creation – Comprehensive technology for the creation of “living”, large scale urban environments playable in real-time, based on rules, artificial intelligence and automation – including innovative pipelines, data layout and supporting tools aimed at complex, high-end open-world games. polish market

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PROJECT CARRIED OUT IN COOPERATION WITH

SMART CITY SMART E-MOBILITY MACIEJ WOJEŃSKI, Vice-President of Ekoenergetyka - Polska Sp. z o.o., talks to “Polish Market.”

How was it that Ekoenergetyka – Polska became one of the leading European e-mobility companies?

Our company had been present on the market even before e-mobility became a popular topic. In conjunction with bus manufacturers, we were pioneers working on solutions which are now used in practice. We design, produce and deliver charging infrastructure for electric buses. The sector is now thriving as many cities have raised their environmental awareness and taken measures to reduce carbon dioxide emissions and smog levels. They do so by investing in zero-emission public transport, for instance, and we deliver them the solutions they need. We are one of the few companies which fully meet customer expectations because what sets us apart is that our products are highly customized. In practice, this means that each of our charging stations is unique and has innovative solutions.

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standards and protocols such as ISO 15118, OCPP (Open Charge Point Protocol) and OppCharge.

So far we have to our credit projects for more than 30 European cities - including Helsinki, Hannover, Malmö and Barcelona .

How important is your cooperation with the NCBR for the development of products in your organisation?

Our know-how is based on combining science and business and the development of technological thought. We have our own monitoring system, which we are constantly developing. It enables the smart management of charging infrastructure. We are now carrying out several projects supported with funding from the National Centre for Research and Development. An example is a project entitled “Charging Station for Electric Buses with DC Supply.” Its objective is to test, develop and launch a new product.

PM

How does your cooperation with the NCBR enable you to develop new products?

Funding from the National Centre for Research and Development helps us to speed up the process of developing a new innovative product. There are several obstacles on the road to this goal. Among them is access to well-qualified staff, scientific centres with a suitable research base and financial resources for research.

Cooperation with such an organisation as the NCBR enables finding solutions in the process of developing our product. Thanks to cooperation with NCBR experts, we have become confident about the quality of our solutions and the direction of our development.

PM

What was the turning point?

There were a few turning points. They resulted from scaling our activity: entrance on new markets, electric transport research and new technological solutions.

Since the beginning we have worked with manufacturers of electric buses, including Solaris Bus & Coach, VDL, Bolloré, Ursus Bus, Linkker Bus and Temsa. We are present as early as the stage of prototype building so as to make sure that the final products, the electric bus and charging infrastructure, are compatible with each other. We bet on top product quality.

This is why we comply with well-established PM

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The idea to start the project “Charging Station for Electric Buses with DC Supply” stemmed from the needs that cities started to communicate to us. There was a problem with providing electric service connections for bus chargers in some locations. But there were overhead tram wires in place instead. We decided to develop a product which would make it possible to use existing infrastructure. A city which decides to use this solution can deploy bus chargers in locations where this has not been possible before and reduce costs.

When can the wide application of this solution be expected?

We are already in talks with European cities which would like to exploit their existing overhead tram wiring to deploy our charging stations on a wide scale. Our solutions should appear on the market in the coming two years.

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PROJECT CARRIED OUT IN COOPERATION WITH

TRIGGO IS COMING RAFAŁ BUDWEIL, CEO, Triggo

C

hances are high that, like millions of other people, you often get frustrated wasting your time and losing your temper while stuck in traffic jams, or endlessly searching for a parking spot.

Imagine a different world - free of jams and offering lots of available parking space.

Imagine... this may be your world very soon, as part of your daily commuting experience.

Making it possible is the ambitious goal we set ourselves at Triggo.

To achieve this goal, we have designed Triggo, a unique vehicle. One that filters through traffic with a scooter’s effortlessness. One that needs very little space to park. And still, one that gives you an enclosed, two-person cabin with safety and comfort features typical of urban cars. One you can drive with a standard European category B driving license. And one that requires no more driving skills than a typical passenger car equipped with an automatic gearbox. It runs on electricity, so it is eco-friendly too!

Triggo’s uncommon possibilities derive from it’s clever suspension design. For parking and low-speed operations, such as driving in heavy traffic, the front suspension retracts, so that the vehicle shrinks to a width smaller than many motorcycles. For high speed operations, where the space around the vehicle should be abundant, the front suspension expands to a width of a small car. Hence, securing the necessary lateral stability. Simple, isn’t it?

We have secured a patent protection for our solution in countries with a combined population of over 2.5 billion.

With the prototypes already running, you might wonder when it is on sale. Well... never. At Triggo we strongly believe that there’s no need to buy a brewery if you just want to drink a pint. Especially in the 21st century. Similarly, we believe it’s not worth spending your, and more importantly, the Planet’s resources on individually owned cars. 95% of their time they do nothing but stand and get depreciated. It’s just so much better to rent one!

That is why we design Triggo specifically to match the needs of the rapidly growing popular car-sharing platforms. There is no need to buy a car if you can have one on a per-minute basis whenever you need it. In future – once automated driving systems get matured and become road legal – you will even be able to order one to your very location.

Our vision of the future urban mobility is that of cities full of new, clever and clean vehicles, which combine energy- and space efficiency, available to all at a reasonable rental fee.

•

The Triggo project was financed by the National Centre for Research and Development in the competitions called Fast Track and INNOMOTO.

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PROJECT CARRIED OUT IN COOPERATION WITH

POLPHARMA

INNOVATION FOR HEALTH

A

ccording to the OECD classification, the pharmaceutical industry is one of the three most innovative sectors of the economy. Innovation, continuous advancement and development of knowledge is the only road to success in this dynamically developing sector.

An example of this kind of approach is Polpharma Group, the largest producer of medicines and pharmaceutical substances in Poland. The company’s strategy is to reinvest profits from drug sales in modern technologies and develop products needed by patients.

At Polpharma, innovation is understood as investment in modern laboratories and the development of new medicines, but also as the continuous improvement of therapies offered to patients. This kind of innovation is manifested in refining the production processes, new methods of drug synthesis, reducing side effects and improving forms of drug administration to increase patient comfort and compliance with medical advice.

Polpharma is developing both in the area of advanced generic drugs and biotechnology, a sector of strategic importance for Poland. The company’s biotech investments will give access to modern treatments for serious diseases to patients for whom therapies with the use of conventional pharmaceuticals have been ineffective. This is in keeping with the Strategy for Responsible Development, supporting the globalisation of Polish industry, and the development of advanced technologies and modern competencies in cooperation with science. At present, Polpharma has three biological products

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in an advanced phase of development and further products in early stages of development work.

Since 2004, when Poland joined the European Union, Polpharma has actively applied for financial support for its innovative undertakings, benefiting from various national and EU programmes. The funding acquired by the company provided an additional boost to its research and development activity. Thanks to the additional spending on R&D, Polpharma was able to strengthen its market position and enter new areas of operation.

“All this gives the company a competitive edge, enables it to generate profits, which can then be invested in the development of further technologies, but also human resources – in staff development and building new competencies,” says Monika Lamparska-Przybysz, manager for cooperation between science and business at Polpharma Group.

The public funding which now supports Polpharma’s innovative products comes from programmes financed by the National Centre for Research and Development in competitions called Demonstrator, Fast Track and InnoNeuroPharm. They concern the development of innovative technologies for the production of biotechnological drugs, innovative generic products and research methods supporting the development of medicinal products. So far Polpharma has acquired seven grants worth more than PLN120 million in total. A record amount of funding was granted for the development of a biosimilar for the treatment of psoriasis – more than PLN64 million.

•

LIST OF PROJECTS FOR WHICH POLPHARMA GROUP RECEIVED FUNDING FROM PUBLIC SOURCES: 2015 •

“The Development of an Innovative Technology for the Production of a Monoclonal Antibody Used in the Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis.” The grant was worth PLN20,673,445.16.

2016 •

"The Development of an Innovative Technology for the Production of Therapeutic Antibodies on the Basis of Bacterial Expression Systems, Integrating the StainlessSteel and Single-Use Technologies.” The grant was worth PLN6,785,029.97.

2017 •

"The Development of a Universal Model for Testing the Pharmacokinetics of Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibodies at the Stage of Pre-Clinical Research with the Use of a Domestic Pig Animal Model.” The grant was worth PLN1,600,281.80.

•

Consortium of Warszawskie Zakłady Farmaceutyczne Polfa Sp. z o.o. and Zakłady Farmaceutyczne Polpharma SA: “Modern Generic Drug with Modified Release as a Therapeutic Alternative for Schizophrenia Patients.” The grant was worth PLN11,932,199.55.

•

Polpharma Biologics: “The Development of a Monoclonal Antibody with a Better Safety Profile for Use in the Treatment of Psoriasis.” The grant was worth PLN64,045,249.50.

2018 •

Polfa Warszawa SA: “The Development of a Series of Innovative Preservative-Free Ophthalmological Drugs in Modern Multi-Dosage Packaging.” The grant was worth PLN10,617,296.53.

•

Medana SA: “The Modification of the Process of Producing a Modern Group of Drugs Used in the Treatment of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.” The grant was worth PLN10,818,800.86.

PROJECT CARRIED OUT IN COOPERATION WITH

NEXBIO – THE EARLY DETECTION OF PLANT DISEASES ADAM KUZDRALIŃSKI, CEO of Nexbio Sp. z o.o., talks to "Polish Market".

Your solution presents an original approach to environmental protection.

Could you tell us more about the project?

The Nexbio solution consists in the use of molecular tests for the very early detection of pathogenic microorganisms. The concept reinvents the plant-protection system currently used in agriculture. Currently, plant protection is based on a model in which, regardless of the situation in the field or on the plantation, high doses of chemicals are used in order to fight every possible infection which might occur. As my good friend Marcin Stachyra, Managing Director at Nexbio, rightly said, it is as if someone went to the chemist's shop and asked for medication for every possible disease. This sounds absurd, but this is exactly how it works in agriculture.

Such an approach involves using high doses of plant-protection agents which are not always appropriate to the situation in the field.

Our solution combines smart agriculture and environmental protection in which farmers receive precise information on the diseases detected in a given field several months before they become manifest. This is because molecular tests are very sensitive, and detect diseases at the outset. Farmers no longer need to use high doses of chemical agents, and our experience shows that with this model, the use of chemicals becomes more rational. It also helps to cut plant-production costs – according to our estimates, by up to PLN 1,200 per hectare. Moreover, the early detection of the risk of certain diseases gives us an opportunity for the broader application of biological protection, usually associated with organic farming.

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In addition to diseases which attack plants, we also analyse the soil. Based on this, farmers make decisions on whether a given location is suitable for a specific crop. Soil is a nest for many plant diseases, and its assessment makes it possible for agricultural holdings to plan their strategies. This is a way to avoid growing plants in unfavourable locations, where farmers need to apply strong chemicals for their plantations to survive.

A year ago, we also set out to analyse field microorganisms’ resistance to pesticides. We have started providing this service in response to the growing problems faced by agriculture related to the resistance of diseases to the applied plant-protection agents. As a result of our tests, farmers can find out which active substances should be avoided as ineffective.

Also, the solution is environmentally friendly, since targeted protection reduces the amount of chemicals used.

It is also worth mentioning the food produced on such plantations. Our solution reduces the probability of the food containing residues of plant-protection agents. This is what we are proud of the most.

You are cooperating on the project with the National Centre for Research and Development (NCBR). What has the cooperation been like, and are there any tangible results?

NCBR was the first to recognise my idea of using genetics in plant-disease diagnosis.

First, I should say that the use of molecular methods for microorganism identification is not my own idea. These methods have been described in the scientific literature. However, I noticed two things about them. First of all, PM

they were poorly designed, and often led to inaccurate results; and second, they were not applied in practice outside the so-called academic world. None of the farmers whom I talked to knew that molecular biology could be used to reduce plant-production costs. Surprisingly enough, this fact was also unknown to the representatives of corporations producing plantprotection agents whom I had an opportunity to talk with. Based on these experiences, as a junior researcher from the University of Life Sciences in Lublin, I submitted a proposal for an NCBR project called LIDER V. The concept was approved, and I received a grant, which allowed us to design and validate completely new molecular tests for detecting a whole range of microorganisms which attack wheat.

I think the results came out better than I expected when I submitted the project proposal.

To date, I have submitted nine patent applications, securing three patents for completely new molecular tests. Moreover, I have expanded genetic resources for wheat diseases, and today they can be used by scientists from the whole world. When the project ends, and all the inventions are patent-protected, I will proceed with their commercialisation. Currently, Nexbio is dealing with detecting plant microorganisms, but it has not yet been able to use the results of the LIDER project. However, in my opinion, this will happen soon, as both concepts are highly compatible. In both cases the goal is to transform agriculture so it moves towards the sustainable use of plant protection agents. This will reduce production costs, and the food produced using these methods will be less often contaminated with chemical res• idues. polish market

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PROJECT CARRIED OUT IN COOPERATION WITH

REIMAGINING EDUCATION WITH 3D PRINTING

N

o matter where you are from, the formal education model has largely remained traditional. Aside from such innovations as interactive whiteboards or online portals, the school environment is looking very much the same – every subject is a separate module, students only listen as the teacher talks, several children engage in a lesson. Instead of putting more emphasis on practical experiences and creative thinking, students spend a lot of time to cram definitions they often do not understand. But as the world and its needs evolve, so must the education. Unfortunately, the change, stunted by outdated educational techniques, has been painfully slow.

Inspired by the issues within the sector, a group of Polish engineers founded Skriware in 2015. Now, this Polish EdTech startup which aims to showcase the potential of 3D printing in modern education has reached yet another milestone. The company received PLN 4.5 million in funding from the Polish National Centre for Research and Development (NCBR) to advance their solution and improve children's education worldwide.

The grant awarded by NCBR is a part of the Smart Growth Operational Programme. Skriware is planning to utilize the funds for the development of Skriware’s robotic system based on proprietary electronic modules, improvement of the 3D models' creator features, and upgrading the construction of the company’s flagship 3D printer with a smart error detection system. These improvements will enhance Skriware Academy – a STEAM-based ecosystem that helps students develop interdisciplinary skills, and whose educational content

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was created in collaboration with faculties from Dartmouth College, the Astro Center at Texas A&M University and the Harvard Graduate School of Education. The developed platform will allow for a full hands-on learning experience, with an emphasis on knowledge in areas such as 3D modelling, programming and robotics.

"We have developed a fully integrated educational ecosystem consisting of easy-to-use 3D printers, programmable robots and an online e-learning platform", says Karol Górnowicz, Skriware’s CEO. "Our advantage is that we offer complete, STEAM-based experience that connects the online and offline worlds. With that we can help students develop interdisciplinary skills and encourage their interest in sciences".

INSPIRING THE NEXT GENERATION OF INNOVATORS

Skriware is consistently strengthening its position in the global market of educational technologies. Although their products have been available to educational institutions for less than a year, the startup has numerous implementations both in Poland and abroad. For example in Poland, Skriware’s solution has been implemented at the American School of Warsaw, Akademeia High School and in five other Polish facilities, with the cooperation of Jastrzębska Spółka Węglowa which funded the company’s products as part of their CSR activities. Furthermore, Skriware delivers its educational solution to institutions from all over the world, including Indonesian Koding Next and Repton School from Dubai.

•

PROJECT CARRIED OUT IN COOPERATION WITH

CHECK YOUR AIR WIKTOR WARCHAŁOWSKI, CEO and co-founder of Airly Sp. z o.o.

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e work on a project co-funded by the National Centre for Research and Development (NCBR). Its objective is to provide - by means of machine learning and artificial intelligence techniques definitive knowledge about local emitters for the needs of intervention and assessment whether protective measures taken by local government bodies are effective. The result of the project will be a new technology enabling precise air quality measurements and forecasts on the basis of data obtained from a dense network of sensors. The data will be read and sent from each sensor and then displayed on an online platform and updated in real time. Analysis of this kind of data, reflecting such parameters as temperature, humidity, pressure – measured by the Airly sensors – and wind direction and strength, will enable generating air quality warnings. Thanks to this, users of the platform will be able to monitor pollution in every part of a city and choose, for instance, the best location for a walk on a given day, and decide whether or not to engage in physical activity outdoors or whether it is safe to take a child out to play. Thanks to the dense network of sensors – ultimately, two to three devices are to be deployed per square kilometre of an area covered by measurements – it will be possible to solve three problems: concerning data quality, instant identification of local sources of pollution and providing data from places where no measurements have been made before. These places are areas of single-family housing, which generate emissions

close to the ground. The areas are usually located far from precise but expensive measuring stations.

These aspects are very important for a global picture of pollution forecast quality and enable for the first time to assess the effectiveness of measures taken to protect air quality.

Air quality is a factor which has a significant impact on our life. This is why we are glad that thanks to this project we have an opportunity to develop our service and create the first forecast product of this kind in the world. Our cooperation with the NCBR offers us a great chance, which makes it possible for us to develop faster.

In the near future, apart from further developing our forecast product, we are going to enter foreign markets with it.

When creating the product, we conducted analyses of not only our domestic market, but also the European, Asian and American markets. Poland was a very good place for us to start our activity and to take our first steps in business. Within less than two years we created a strong professional firm, which is already known on the Polish market.

We are developing very dynamically, which has allowed us to become a leader on the Polish market in less than two years.

We make improvements to our system every day. Tests are now conducted on our new devices, which will additionally be measuring gas parameters. We have launched a new version of our platform http://airly.eu/map and have been making new updates to our applications. All this is done so that residents of our country can receive reliable and credible information about air quality.

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PROJECT CARRIED OUT IN COOPERATION WITH

AI REVOLUTIONISES THE LABOUR MARKET ARKADIUSZ TALUN, Chief Technology Officer and co-founder (left), CHRIS SOBCZAK, Chief Executive Officer

E

mplocity has a mission to revolutionise the labour market by employing AI in staff recruitment. We strongly believe that the automation of candidate attraction and selection processes will improve the productivity and efficiency of recruitment departments by giving them more space to focus on what they are best at – hiring employees.

Emplocity's solution has two components – a smart taskbot based on data science and machine learning, which finds jobs for people, and an recruitment platform which selects and suggests which candidates should be invited for interview.

The Emplobot (smart taskbot) is installed on the employer's website as a widget. With our solution, instead of going the conventional way of setting up an account on a recruitment website, or sending CVs, potential candidates can contact the Emplobot on the employer's website in a few seconds to start the application process. Candidates interact with the bot similarly to how they would normally interact with a recruiter, asking them about professional experience, skills, employment terms, financial expectations, and type of contract. The key lies in how naturally the bot communicates with the candidate. Indeed, based on NLP (natural language processing), the solution makes it seem as if one is talking to a human. Candidates can ask the bot questions, as well as teach it new things. After collecting all the key information, the bot searches for the available job advertisements and gets back to the candidate with those best-matched to his or her qualifications and expectations. Instead of a selection of suggested job ads, however, the candidate gets personalised invitations to meetings with employers.

On the other side of the equation, we have the Emplocity platform, which “picks up” the profiles of people who have talked to the bot. They are listed on the platform in the form of organised virtual profiles created by the bot based on its previous chat(s). In a single click, employers can import their active recruitment processes to the platform, or add them manually. From this platform they can specify the requirements for skills, education, language competence and employment terms for individual recruitment processes. Based on this, the intelligent algorithm on which the platform is based matches the profiles of people who have talked to

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the bot about the job openings of the employer. Everything works on a fully automated and AI basis with no human involvement. However, it should be stressed that what the platform does is only suggesting candidates and displaying the best-matching profiles. It is ultimately up to the recruiters to decide who will be invited for an interview.

Currently, a team of 20 top-class IT specialists dedicated to Emplocity is conducting research into AI/NLP, chatbots, and advanced data processing, to support HR departments in their recruitment processes. As part of our cooperation with NCBR (a co-investment of Leonardo Alfa – the BRIdge Alfa programme), we are engaged in R&D, leading to the creation and commercialisation of a taskbot and recruitment platform to automate HR operations through Robotic Process Automation (RPA).

In addition, we have recently signed an agreement under a “FastTrack” funding scheme to implement a project called "Developing autonomous artificial intelligence which uses Deep Neural Network Reinforcement Learning to automate recruitment processes", which aims to develop the Emplobot to equip it with the autonomous artificial intelligence function, enabling it to make autonomous decisions on how to meet objectives, or, put more simply – to enable the taskbot to independently formulate candidate-employer communication strategies, maximising response to expectations at both ends. We are talking about highly advanced research at the cross-section of deep neural networks, natural language processing, and machine learning. Due to its specific nature, this work has to be done by top-class specialists in their respective fields, and its outcomes are unpredictable. Actually, we do not always succeed in meeting the objectives we set when drafting the application. But this is how R&D programmes work. In each case, regardless of the circumstances, they require large amounts of funding, and involve fierce competition with major players for talent, which is often no small challenge for fledgling businesses. So, NCBR’s support is invaluable, as it allows us to develop a world-class product which came second in the start-up competition at the world’s largest HR expo – HR Tech (Unleash, Las Vegas 15-16 May 2018).

Without NCBR’s partnership, it would be virtually impossible for us • to compete internationally.

SCIENCE FOR

INDEPENDENCE!

In 2018, we are strongly highlighting the significance of the breakthrough year of 1918 when the name Poland returned to the political maps. We have dedicated a regular space in the columns of “Polish Market” to the history of Polish statehood, the past and present of Polish culture and selected events taking place as part of the government multi-annual “Niepodległa” (Independent Poland) programme. In this special issue of “Polish Market,” devoted entirely to Polish science, we could not pass over the great visions of Polish scientists active during and before the period between the two world wars.

Maciej Proliński

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anuary 2018 marked the 136th anniversary of the death of a great Pole, advocate for independence, philanthropist, and brilliant chemist and pharmacist, known all over the world as the inventor of the modern kerosene lamp – Ignacy Łukasiewicz (1822-1882). In 1852, he made the world’s first successful attempt to distil crude oil. In this process, he obtained kerosene and tried to find a practical application for it. He was the first to construct a kerosene lamp in 1853, and used it to illuminate the window display in his pharmacy. In the very same year, his lamps found their way into a hospital in Lwów (Lviv). Łukasiewicz went on to build the world’s first modern oil well and refinery. The oil well, active to this day, opened in 1854 in Bóbrka, where today the Museum of the Oil and Gas Industry is located; the refinery (which turned crude oil into kerosene, lubricants, oils and bitumen) came into being in 1857 in the village of Klęczany near Jasło. This marked the beginning of the oil and petrochemical industry in the world. Another breakthrough – with a Polish contribution as well - came less than 50 years later with the advent of nuclear research. Maria SkłodowskaCurie (1867-1934) was honoured with the first Nobel Prize in physics in 1903 jointly with her husband Pierre Curie and Henri Becquerel for studies on the phenomenon of radioactivity. Then, she won another Nobel Prize in 1911 on her own for her discovery of polonium and radium and the study of chemical properties of radioactive elements.

Skłodowska-Curie is the only woman to have been buried in the Paris

Pantheon in recognition of her services to science.

The year 1918 and the twenty interwar years which followed marked a truly special period in the history of Poland, as it was a moment when a once-broken nation made every effort to work together enthusiastically for the good of their reborn state. At the turn of the 20th century, Poles pursued their education at foreign universities. Some of them followed the route set by the Warsaw Society of the Friends of Learning, while others went on to establish the Academy of Learning.

And then were those who studied and worked in Paris, London, Zurich and Vienna.

1918 was also the year when

Maria Skłodowska-Curie polish market

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institutions were being restored and a new state was being built with the bold visions of scientists brought into existence. Even though the interwar period boasted many important discoveries by Poles, very few people today are aware of them.

In 1929, Stefan Bryła (1886-1943), a Polish engineer, designed and built on the River Słudwia near Łowicz, Poland, the first welded bridge in the world, not using any rivets. 27-metre long, the bridge sparked quite an interest around the world thanks to its innovative technology.

Engineers from all over Europe would come to Łowicz for a glimpse of the design of the bridge which had served for many years (up to 1977) on the road from Łowicz to Kutno.

Today, it is a valuable historical landmark.

Ignacy Mościcki (1867-1946), President of Poland in the years 1926- 1939, was also an eminent scientist. He studied chemistry at the Riga Polytechnic, Finsbury Technical College, and the Patent Library.

Mościcki used his knowledge during his work at the University of Freiburg, making many scientific discoveries. During the interwar period, while focusing on his academic career, he was a university professor at the Lwów Polytechnic and the Warsaw University of Technology, as well as a member of the Academy of Technical Sciences and the Lwów Scientific Society. Mościcki also contributed to the development of Polish industry by founding the State Nitric Complex Plant in Tarnów, and, before

Ignacy Mościcki

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that, served as Director of the Nitric Industrial Complex in Chorzów. He engaged in the industrial-scale manufacture and use of nitric acid in the chemical and military sectors. He also worked on a nitric acid production method, which allowed nitrogen to be derived from the atmosphere by electrical means. Between 1919 and 1920, Mościcki filed six patent applications.

Kazimierz Funk (1884-1967) was the world-famous creator of the science of vitamins. Isolating a new compound over 100 years ago, Funk made the breakthrough discovery. The first vitamin, B1, was extracted by him from rice bran in 1912 in England, and named vitamine, from the Latin words “vita” (life) and “amine” (nitrogen compounds). In 1923, Funk moved to Warsaw where a new scientific research centre – the State Hygiene Institute – was opening at the time. He undertook research on hormones, with the primary goal of isolating insulin. After World War II broke out, Kazimierz Funk emigrated to the United States to continue his scientific work. Throughout his career, he authored several hundred papers.

The same period saw the famous Polish mathematicians who deciphered the Enigma codes. 86 years ago, on 31 December 1932, Marian Rejewski (1905-1980) succeeded in decoding the first information sent by the German cipher machine, codenamed Enigma. Contributors to this success were Jerzy Różycki (1909-1942) and Henryk Zygalski (1908-1978). While still students at the University in Poznań, they attended a course in cryptology co-organised by the military. After the course was

The stack of rotors inside an Enigma machine, consisting of three rotors and Umkehrwalze-B (the reflector).

completed in 1930, they found employment with the Cipher Bureau of the General Staff of the Polish Armed Forces. They were tasked with working out the ins and outs of Enigma, a German electromechanical cipher machine. Built in the 1920s, Enigma originally served for the purposes of classified trade correspondence, but soon became a tool of the German armed forces. The three Polish mathematicians designed a replica of the machine – the devices were developed at the AVA Radio Engineering Factory in Warsaw. In the summer of 1939, in Pyry near Warsaw, at a radio intelligence centre, with the war looming on the horizon, the Polish military command handed over several copies of Enigma, along with information on the broken code, to representatives of the French and British intelligence services. From then on, the work on successive versions of and enhancements to the Enigma cipher were continued at a British cryptological centre in Bletchley Park. Historians believe that had it not been for the Allies’ ability to decode the Enigma messages, World War II would have lasted 2-3 years longer. Another fact worth remembering is that Poland launched Europe’s most powerful radio station during the interwar period. 24 May 1931 was the day when the radio mast in Raszyn near Warsaw was launched into operation. At the time of construction, this radio station was the most powerful transmitter in Europe, boasting 120 kW at a frequency of 224 kHz. Manufactured by a company called Marconi, the transmitter covered the entire area of the Second Polish Republic, and has remained in operation to this day.

RWD-14b Czapla reconnaissance plane

The famous Polish RWD airplane came from the hands of graduates of Lwów and Warsaw Universities of Technologies, who designed it while still in their twenties. Stanisław Rogalski (1904-1976), Stanisław Wigura (1903-1932) and Jerzy Drzewiecki (1902-1990) were the three engineers who in 1926 established a design company, naming it with their initials “RWD”. By the time the war broke out, they had released models numbered from RWD-1 to RWD-25 – these were mostly single-engine sports, training and tourist crafts.

Unlike other models built in short series, RWD-8, RWD-13 and RWD-14 Czapla (Heron) went into mass production. Another

achievement of that period was Łoś, a bomber hailed among the best aircraft before World War II. Its designers were engineer Jerzy Dąbrowski (1899-1967), and Franciszek Misztal (1901-1981).

A prominent role in fostering Polish physics of the time was played by Stefan Pieńkowski (1883-1953), who created the Experimental Physics Department at the University of Warsaw. He acquired USD50,000 as a donation from the Rockefeller Foundation, an amount which made it possible to furnish the laboratories on Hoża Street with world-class equipment, including a massive electromagnet, diffraction gratings, and X-ray apparatus.

Luminescence was yet another field in which Polish scientists truly excelled. In 1934, the so-called Jabłoński Diagram was developed, named so to honour the Polish physicist, Aleksander Jabłoński (1898-1980). To this day, the same term has been used to describe the schematic presentation of luminescent phenomena. There is so much more to add to the above list of Polish achievements, as they can be encountered in practically every field of technical advancements. For instance, movie-making technology benefitted from important discoveries by Jan Szczepanik (1872-1926) during the early days of colour cinema. Self-taught, he had originated more than 50 inventions, and several hundred technical patents in domains such as colour photography and weaving techniques. In 1897, Szczepanik patented the “telectroscope”, a protoplast of today's television!

Kazimierz Prószyński (1875-1945) also made a contribution to European technical sciences. On 10 April 1909, he was granted a patent in France for the “aeroscope” which was the first ever hand-operated movie camera! The device was powered by compressed air. One of the remaining copies of the aeroscope can be seen at the Museum of Technology in Warsaw. How Prószyński died is a telling metaphor for what could have become of Polish scientific thought were it not for Poland's tragic fortunes of the 20th century. He was murdered on 13 March 1945 in Mauthausen-Gusen, the Nazi-German concentration camp, as part of Intelligenzaktion, a German action against the Polish intelligentsia.

The period of over 50 years of communist rule was not favourable for Polish scientists and inventors either. Jan Czochralski, with his method of obtaining single crystals, laid the foundations for the whole contemporary electronics industry. But in Poland he ended up as a producer of shoe polish. The brilliant aircraft designer Tadeusz Sołtyk could not compete with the Soviet aviation monopoly at the time when Mieczysław Bekker was designing his Lunar Roving Vehicle for NASA. The 21st century has seen millions of popular devices feature blue lasers “Made in Japan”, even though their inventors come from Poland and were even awarded by the Polish President. And whatever happened to Polish graphene, which was to conquer the world?

After the fall of communism, we managed to rebuild the scientific potential of Poles, create well-equipped labs and research centres.

One more step, perhaps the most difficult one, is still needed for us to fully exploit our creativity. It is necessary to create a climate and environment conducive to turning an idea into a useful product. We have a chance to achieve this goal thanks to the effort of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education to reform the education, research and R&D system as well as such agencies as the National Centre for Re• search and Development (NCBR). polish market

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POLISH ENGINEERS FOR THE WORLD EWA MAŃKIEWICZ-CUDNY, President of the Polish Federation of Engineering Associations FSNT – NOT Editor-in-Chief of “Przegląd Techniczny” (Technical Review), an engineering journal published since 1866

Armed struggle for independence is an inherent part of Poland’s history. After each uprising against foreign powers in the times when Poland was occupied by Russia, Prussia and Austria a large number of Polish people had to emigrate. Many of them achieved success in the field of science and engineering in their second homelands. The list of such persons is not short and for lack of space it is impossible to mention them all in this article.

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mong those who definitely deserve to be mentioned are Polish civil engineers Ernest Malinowski (1818-1889) and Rudolf Modrzejewski (1861-1940). The first one is famous for the construction of the trans-Andean railway in Peru.

The project was regarded as unfeasible, but his solutions turned out so reliable that the bridges he designed are still in use and Malinowski is called the Pole who has connected two oceans. Rudolf Modrzejewski, known as Ralph Modjeski, was the son of the famous actor Helena Modrzejewska (Modjeska). He designed 40 bridges in the United States, many of them still in operation.

As a result of two world wars, many Polish engineers found themselves in France, Britain, the United States, Canada, Brazil and other countries.

100 YEARS AGO During World War I a Polish army – the Blue Army of Gen. Haller – was formed in France. Many engineers served in its ranks, including General Józef Lipkowski and Stanisław Ziembiński. They decided to set up an Association of Polish Engineers and Technicians in France. The founding act was signed on November 18, 1917, one year before Poland regained its independence.

Józef Lipkowski (1863-1949), a graduate of École Centrale des Arts et Manufactures, designed and patented braking systems for locomotives, called “frein Lipkowski.” Stanisław Ziembiński, a graduate of École Supérieure de l’Aéronautique, worked at the Eiffel Aerodynamics Laboratory. He worked out a theory on the strength of machine parts subject to vibration and patented the use of ammonia and alcohol as an admixture for fuel for motor vehicles and aircraft.

Among the plethora of Polish engineers working in France one should mention Stefan Drzewiecki (1844-1938), a graduate of École Centrale, outstanding designer of submarines and aircraft used by the French aviation industry. He contributed to the development of aircraft engines. Another Polish engineer active in France is Prof. Kazimierz Piotr Zaleski (b. 1928), a graduate of the Warsaw University of Technology who later studied, among others, at the Radium Institute in Paris with Prof. Irene Joliot-Curie, a daughter of Maria SkłodowskaCurie, a winner of two Nobel Prizes. He was involved in nuclear research, took part in the construction of the first reactor in France and work on a fast reactor. He held many responsible posts in French and international organisations dealing with nuclear energy. He is a highly regarded expert in this field.

The post of president of the Association of Polish Engineers and Technicians in France, an organisation which is now over 100 years old, is held by Lucjan Sobkowiak. A graduate of the Wrocław and Warsaw Universities of Technology and École Nationale Supérieure de l’Aéronautique in Paris, he is a highly valued inventor in the field

It was thanks to Ernest Malinowski that the trans-Andean railway project became feasible. polish market

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of electronics, space equipment, nuclear energy, medical equipment and precision mechanics. He has established his own company, Advantech, whose products are known in Asia, Africa, the United States and Europe.

The lunar vehicle designed by Mieczysław Bekker forces, which he left in 1956 and moved to the United States.

He was a lecturer at a university in Michigan and director of an institute at General Motors. In 1961, he took part in the NASA competition for a lunar vehicle. The Lunar Roving Vehicle was designed at General Motors and sent to the Moon.

ON THE OTHER SIDE OF THE OCEAN WARTIME PERIOD Few people know that one of the pioneers of the Internet, without which life is unimaginable today, was Paul Baran (1926-2011). He was born in Grodno, which was still part of Poland at that time. His family emigrated to the United States in search of a better life. He grew up in the country and graduated from universities in Philadelphia and Los Angeles. He investigated the problem of minimum requirements for a telecommunications system to survive a nuclear attack. He decided that a distributed network should be built where each node is connected to at least two other nodes. At the same time, he assumed that the network should have link redundancy and that messages should be made into independent packets transmitted digitally. Baran’s concept was taken up by the US Department of Defence. He stressed that the network for military purposes should be separated from the network for civilian use. This was done in 1983. In 2008, Paul Baran was decorated with the National Medal of Technology by President George W. Bush.

Mieczysław Bekker (1905-1989), a designer of the Lunar Roving Vehicle (LRV), also lived and worked in the United States. Born in Strzyżów, he spent his school years in Konin.

He graduated from the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Warsaw University of Technology. He took part in the 1939 Defensive War in Poland, retreated with his unit to Romania and then managed to get to France. In 1942, he emigrated to Canada and worked for the Office for Armoured Vehicles Research. In 1943, he enlisted in the Canadian armed

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During World War II many Polish engineers found themselves in Britain. They contributed to the victory over the Third Reich not only as soldiers, but also as inventors. A large part of their work is still secret. 70% of the Polish designers, technologists and production organisers, of the 5,500 Polish engineers and technicians who found themselves in Britain at that time, worked in research centres, design offices and the arms industry.

In 1940, the Military Institute of Technology was set up in London and headed by Colonel Stanisław Witkowski. Prof. Paweł J. Nowicki, a graduate of the Lwów University of Technology and an active member of the Association of Polish Electricians, contributed to the development of radar technology. In March 1942, he started work at the Radar Department of the Royal Aircraft Establishment in Farnborough and became head of the Impulse Communications Laboratory. In 1947, he returned to Poland and was a lecturer at the Wrocław, Warsaw and Łódź Universities of Technology. He published his works in four languages.

Another inventor working towards the victory of the Allies over the Third Reich was Józef Kosacki (1909-1990), a graduate of the Warsaw University of Technology. During his stay in Britain he designed the Polish Mine Detector, which became part of the equipment of the British Armed Forces as Mine Detector Mk 2. He returned to Poland in 1947 thanks to the assistance of Prof. Janusz Groszkowski, an outstanding electronics engineer.

AS A RESULT OF TWO WORLD WARS, MANY POLISH ENGINEERS FOUND THEMSELVES IN FRANCE, BRITAIN, THE UNITED STATES, CANADA, BRAZIL AND OTHER COUNTRIES.

One should not forget about Rudolf Gundlach (18921957), the inventor of the rotary periscope for tanks. He graduated from the Riga University of Technology. As an officer of the Polish Armed Forces, he worked at the Armoured Weapons Development Office, with which he evacuated to Romania after the outbreak of World War II. He then moved to France and stayed there throughout the war, cooperating with the resistance movement.

Prof. Jan Czochralski (1885-1953) was a great scientist of world renown. Although 65 years have already passed since his death, he is still the most cited Polish scientist.

His output as a scientist and inventor is very rich. He invented a method for growing single crystals, called the Czochralski process, for which he is most famous. His invention was the basis for the development of electronics.

He was educated at Charlottenburg Polytechnic, graduating as a chemical engineer. He worked for many years outside Poland. He was chairman of the German Society of Metals Science and an honorary member of the International Association of Materials Research in London. He returned to Poland in 1928 at the personal request of Polish President Ignacy Mościcki. He gave up all his posts in Germany and in 1930 received the title of professor at the Warsaw University of Technology. He held many patents, which made him quite rich. He collaborated with the Polish intelligence service before and during the war, using the contacts he had from his earlier work in Germany. The Polish Parliament proclaimed 2013 the Year of Jan Czochralski.

I mention here only a few of the Polish scientists and engineers who have become part of the technical history of the world. Working outside Poland, they always remembered about their origins.

POLISH SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL SOCIETIES ABROAD It is worth adding that the scientists and engineers mentioned above have many eminent successors, engineers who had to leave Poland for various reasons in the communist times. In their second homelands, they won recognition and contributed to boosting Poland’s reputation. Many of them got involved in establishing and heading associations of Polish engineers in the countries where they lived and worked. Among them are Prof. Andrzej Nowak, a specialist in bridge-building, professor at the University of Nebraska, University of Michigan, State University of New York and the University of Waterloo, and Piotr Moncarz, consulting professor at Stanford University, a specialist in civil engineering and environmental protection who has greatly contributed to the establishment of close collaboration between Polish universities of technology and Stanford University. At present, he is greatly committed to electric mobility.

To improve cooperation among the Polish associations, umbrella organisations started to be established. Associations operating in Europe set up the European Federation of Polish Scientific and Technological Societies Abroad on January 23, 2004. Its members are associations from Britain, France, Germany, Austria and Lithuania. The Council of Polish Engineers in North America was established at the other side of the Atlantic. It brings together associations of Polish engineers active in the United States and Canada. The Association of Polish Technicians in the United Kingdom, set up on September 7, 1940, deserves special attention. Its membership included and still includes many outstanding Polish designers and technologists with an international reputation. In the United States, a special role is played aby the association of Polish-American engineers Polonia-Technica. Registered on May 16, 1941, it was founded by engineers working in the United States to support war-time refugees from Europe. At present, its chairman is Prof. Janusz Romański, a graduate of the Gdańsk University of Technology and a reputable aviation technology expert.

The Polish Federation of Engineering Associations FSNT – NOT and its member organisations cooperate with Polish engineering associations set up in other countries in all areas of their activity. The seminars “Poles Together,” organised since 1996, are a sign of integration with them and their promotion

by FSNT – NOT. Five seminars have already been organised so far. Since 2010 they have been held as World Congresses of Polish Engineers (SZIP). Three congresses have been organised and the fourth one is scheduled to take place in Kraków on 13-15 June 2019. The event has become part of the Independent Poland Programme.

Despite being so short, the above presentation of outstanding Polish engineers with an enormous scientific and engineering output, subjectively chosen by the author, proves that Poles have made a big contribution to the development of technology in the world. The scope of Polish R&D projects and the scale of support for them from the Ministry of Science and Higher Education coupled with co-financing from the National Centre for Research and Development (NCBR) herald another • wave of this Polish contribution. polish market

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Pearls of the Polish Economy

AMBASSADORS FOR POLISH SCIENCE AND SCHOLARLY RESEARCH The results of the annual Pearls of the Polish Economy ranking will be announced for the 16th time this year during the Pearls of the Polish Economy Gala at Warsaw’s Royal Castle on December 11. For 13 years the announcement of the ranking results has been coupled with the official presentation of Honorary Pearl awards to the most outstanding personalities in the field of economy, culture, science and scholarly research, and for promoting social and patriotic values. The awarding of “Polish Market’s” Honorary Pearls in the Science and Scholarly Research category is not only an opportunity to highlight the great Polish researchers who can be role models for young people interested in pursuing knowledge. The winners also prove that nothing is impossible in academic research. They prove that intellect, passion and perseverance in pursuing one’s goals are of utmost importance. There is also a wider context. By awarding our Honorary Pearls we show Europe and the world what contribution Poland has made to academic research. But first of all, we declare our intention to take an active part in the development of science in the 21st century.

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Pearls of the Polish Economy

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he first winner of the Honorary Pearl in the Science and Scholarly Research category was Prof. Henryk Skarżyński, an outstanding surgeon, otolaryngologist and pioneer of innovative diagnostic, treatment and rehabilitation methods for patients with hearing disorders. A quarter of a century ago the professor performed Poland’s and Central and Eastern Europe’s first cochlear implant surgery to restore hearing to a deaf person. The World Hearing Center - which opened in Kajetany, outside Warsaw, in May 2012 – performs the biggest number of hearing improvement procedures in the world. “The World Hearing Center means fulfilling a task which is new in every respect. It means new unique labs, new teams and new jobs. It also means new opportunities for international cooperation and a significant expansion of the clinical base, which will serve the patients. Our capabilities and patients’ chances will be growing.

It will be possible to increase the number of state-of-the-art out-patient and hospital procedures. We will be able to do more in every respect.

Behind this name is huge and systematic work in the international arena over many years, building relations with partners, our numerous achievements in many areas and our activity on all continents,” Prof.

Skarżyński told “Polish Market.” His initiatives not only contribute to improving the quality of the patients’ life, but also release extraordinary social and economic energy. The professor is a model of civic attitude.

Other laureates of our award are also such role models.

The world of medicine is represented among them by Prof. Alicja Chybicka, Prof. Maria Siemionow, Prof. Jan Lubiński, Prof. Marian Zembala, Prof. Stanisław Woś, Prof. Paweł Buszman, Prof. Witold Rużyłło, Prof. Marek Krawczyk, Prof. Bogusław Maciejewski, Prof. Mariusz Jaskólski, Prof. Mirosław Ząbek, Prof. Krzysztof Bankiewicz and Prof. Tomasz Ciach.

Prof. Alicja Chybicka not only fights for the health and life of sick children, but is also a friend to their parents and always stands on the patients’ side. She specialises in haematology, cancer treatment and stem cell transplantation.

Prof. Maria Siemionow, a world famous Polish surgeon and transplant medicine specialist, works in the United States. In 2008, she and her team performed the first full-face transplant surgery in the world.

Prof. Jan Lubiński, one of the best known Polish cancer geneticists, is the founder and head of the International Hereditary Cancer Center in the coastal city of Szczecin.

Prof. Marian Zembala is a legend of Polish cardiac surgery who worked for many years with Prof. Zbigniew Religa. He specialises in heart and lung transplant surgeries. In 1997, he became the first surgeon in Poland to transplant a lung and in 2001 the first in Poland to transplant a heart and lungs into a patient in a single surgery. He has also performed a bypass surgery on a 103-year-old female patient.

Prof. Stanisław Woś was the founder and head until his retirement in 2012 of the Second Cardiac Surgery Department at the Upper Silesian Medical Centre, the best cardiac surgery centre in Poland. Some of the most difficult surgeries, performed only in a small number of American and European hospitals, are performed at the centre founded by Stanisław Woś. He was also the first in Poland to perform in 1996 a coronary bypass surgery on a beating heart.

Prof. Paweł Buszman, an outstanding cardiologist and visionary, is an initiator, founder and President of the Board of American Heart of Poland, a chain of over 30 medical centres dealing with diagnosing and treating cardiovascular diseases. It is the biggest chain of this kind in Europe, saving the health and life of over 55,000 patients annually. “Innovative medicine means not only new technologies, but also new drugs, new equipment, medical products and innovative solutions, which are often as important as new technologies. We show how to combine new technologies and modern organisational solutions,” Paweł Buszman told “Polish Market.”

Prof. Michał Kleiber

Prof. Henryk Skarżyński

Prof. Krzysztof Bankiewicz (left) and Prof. Mirosław Ząbek

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Pearls of the Polish Economy

Prof. Jan Lubiński

Prof. Paweł Buszman

Prof. Witold Rużyłło is another great cardiologist and pioneer of modern non-operative treatment methods for coronary disease and heart defects.

Prof. Marek Krawczyk, rector of the Medical University of Warsaw in the years 2008-2016, head of the university’s Department of General, Transplant and Liver Surgery. It was thanks to him that Poland’s first successful transplantation of a portion of the liver from a living donor was performed in 1999.

Another laureate is Prof. Bogusław Maciejewski, former director of the Maria Skłodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Centre and Institute of Oncology Gliwice Branch, which is one of the leading, highly specialised, modern and well organised treatment and research centres in Poland. The most impressive achievements of the centre include a successful full-face transplant in 2013, a procedure which saved the patient’s life. When collecting the award, the professor said: “I think that science is searching for truth about reality. And today we are slowly realizing that the closer to the horizon we come, the more it moves away.

Another significant issue is that in science there are no spectacular discoveries made by a single person any more. It is all teamwork now. So I am truly satisfied as I look today at my successors. They have amazing ideas and my role is to facilitate their implementation.”

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Prof. Mariusz Jaskólski set up in 1994 Poland’s first protein crystallography laboratory at the Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences. Prof. Jaskólski and Alexander Wlodawer, PhD, of the National Cancer Institute in the United States were the first winners of the Polish-American Scientific Prize awarded jointly by the Foundation for Polish Science and the world’s biggest scientific association. The prize was established in 2013 and is awarded to a pair of scientists – one working in Poland and the other in the United States – for outstanding scientific achievements resulting from their collaboration.

The tandem of Jaskólski and Wlodawer received the prize for research into the structure of proteins of medical importance. Their research has contributed to developing new therapies for such diseases as AIDS and leukaemia in children.

Prof. Krzysztof Bankiewicz is a neurosurgery and neurology professor at the University of California in San Francisco. He also holds the post of director of Interventional Neuro Center at the University of California. For the past 30 years he has worked on a technology enabling the administration of drugs directly to the brain because in most cases drugs administered intravenously and orally do not cross the bloodbrain barrier.

“Our dream is to build a bridge between San Francisco and Warsaw on the basis of science and modern technologies,” Prof. Mirosław Ząbek told “Polish Market.” He is one of the first surgeons in the world to have performed a series of brain tissue transplants in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease and vascular procedures on the brain with extracorporeal circulation and deep hypothermia. He has established the National Centre for the Treatment of Cerebrovascular Diseases, In 2016, in conjunction with Prof. Krzysztof Bankiewicz, he performed Europe’s first surgery in a patient suffering from glioblastoma, a malignant brain cancer, with the use of an innovative method of delivering a therapeutic substance directly into the tumour guided by magnetic resonance imaging. “Today, business and science are closer to each other than it seems. Science requires huge financial outlays and someone needs to see their future in it, want to invest in it and sometimes take a great financial risk. However, this may produce results which may be applied in business in the future. Business and science have never been so close to eachother as today,” he said proudly when collecting our award.

Prof. Tomasz Ciach is head of the Biomedical Engineering Laboratory at the Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering. The Laboratory deals with problems related to medicine, drug administration systems and medical materials and equipment. The scientists look for practical solutions to problems of contemporary medicine and pharmacy.

“Polish Market’s” Honorary Pearls in the Science and Scholarly Research category are designed to show the world that investment in this field over the past several years – in research, equipment and staff – have made it increasingly competitive.

Prof. Henryk Samsonowicz, a Polish historian, outstanding specialist in the history of Middle Ages, the education minister in the Tadeusz Mazowiecki government and a winner of the Honorary Pearl award in 2014, wrote in our columns: “The idea that Poland is a symbol of freedom has survived. And our forefathers undoubtedly deserve great respect for that, even though they quarrelled almost as much as we do today. (...) We should not forget about it today, still building a beautiful country with a substantial heritage accumulated over centuries and enormous human capital.”

This enormous human capital is certainly embodied by further laureates of the Honorary Pearl award: Prof. Michał Kleiber, Prof.

Elżbieta Mączyńska, Prof. Bogdan Marciniec, Prof. Karol Myśliwiec, Prof. Krzysztof Matyjaszewski, Prof. Andrzej Buko, Prof. Tomasz Dietl, Prof. Andrzej Pawlak and Prof. Andrzej Królak.

Prof. Michał Kleiber is a specialist in mechanical engineering and IT. The main topic of his research work are applications of modern computer

Pearls of the Polish Economy technologies in scientific research, technology and medicine, especially in modelling, analysis, simulation and visualisation of complex nonlinear thermomechanical engineering phenomena. In recent years he has also dealt with the country’s development-oriented policies, notably a strategy for the development of education, science and innovation in the economy.

Between 2007 and 2015 Professor Kleiber was President of the Polish Academy of Sciences. He also became a member of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (2002), the European Academy of Sciences and Arts (2006), Academia Europea (2009), the Senate of the Leopoldina German Academy of Natural Scientists (2011), the European Research Council (20062011) and the Steering Committee of the Management Board of the European Science Foundation in Strasburg (2007–2010). He is also a member of the Committee for the Renovation of Krakow Historical Monuments (2009) and the Polish Engineering Academy. In 2015 he was appointed a European Commission ambassador for New Narrative for Europe. In 2017 the assembly of the European Community on Computational Methods in Applied Sciences (ECCOMAS) elected Michał Kleiber its president.

Prof. Elżbieta Mączyńska, president of the Polish Economic Society, is one of the most highly regarded economists in Poland, the author, co-author and scientific editor of around 200 publications in the field of economic analysis, business finances and valuation, and economic systems and strategies for socio-economic development.

Prof. Bogdan Marciniec was director of the Poznań Science and Technology Park, the first technology park in Poland, in the years 19952015, director of the Centre of Advanced Technologies Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań in the years 2004-2017, and coordinator of the Wielkopolska Centre of Advanced Technologies since 2006.

Prof. Karol Myśliwiec, is a world-famous archaeologist and Egyptologist associated with the Institute of Mediterranean and Oriental Cultures Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN). Since 1987 he has been head of the Polish-Egyptian archaeological mission in the ancient burial ground of Saqqara to the west of the Pyramid of Djoser, the first Egyptian pyramid. The archaeologists have found there a previously unknown part of the necropolis of Old Kingdom dignitaries, including in 1997 the tomb of Vizier Merefnebef with unique reliefs and paintings and in 2003 the tomb of priest Ni-Anch-Nefertum close to the pyramids belonging to two Egyptian kings: Unis and Teti.

Prof. Krzysztof Matyjaszewski is a world-famous chemist specialising in polymer technology. He works at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and the Centre for Molecular and Macromolecular Studies Polish Academy of Sciences in Łódź. His most significant scientific achievement is the discovery and development of a new method for controlled radical polymerisation called atom transfer radical polymerisation (ATRP), which has greatly contributed to the development of polymer chemistry and technology.

Prof. Andrzej Buko is a Polish archaeologist specialising in early mediaeval archaeology, a professor at the University of Warsaw. In 20072015, he was director of the Institute of Archaeology and Ethnology Polish Academy of Sciences.

Prof. Tomasz Dietl specialises in the experimental and theoretical aspects of nanotechnology and semi-conductor-based spintronics.

Spintronics is a branch of electronics. In traditional integrated circuits changes in electric charge are used for data transfer while spintronics additionally exploits electron spins. Spintronics creates new opportunities for designing quantum computers. Spintronic memory offers huge potential for the development of computers – they will be faster, much smaller and more efficient.

Prof. Andrzej Pawlak, an inventor called a genius of innovation, is a holder of more than 150 patents, including an electronically controlled heart valve, an electromagnetic heart pump, innovative IT and ICT applications, and concepts applied in car engines.

Prof. Marek Krawczyk

Prof. Andrzej Królak

Prof. Andrzej Królak is an outstanding mathematical physicist. His research interests include gravitational waves: data analysis, detection algorithms, and time and space singularity. His most important scientific achievements concern the theory of gravitational waves detection and analysis of data collected by detectors of gravitational waves.

Andrzej Królak was one of the first scientists in the world who started in the second half of the 1980s to apply advanced statistical methods to detect very weak signals resulting from the interaction of gravitational waves with the detector and to solve the problem of estimating the parameters of the signals containing information about the astrophysical source which has emitted the waves. During the Pearls Gala in 2016 he said: “Einstein predicted the existence of gravitational waves 100 years ago. Fifty years were needed for scientists to understand them well and another 50 to design and build detectors of these waves, create a model of their sources and methods of their detection. Polish scientists have made a great contribution at both stages. (…) The example of nuclear power engineering shows that basic research can have an impact on human development. I hope that our research will contribute to the development of science in Poland and, in particular, the participation of Poland in large international scientific undertakings.”

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THE BALLROOM OF THE ROYAL CASTLE IN WARSAW THE VENUE WHERE “POLISH MARKET” CELEBRATES ITS ANNUAL PEARLS OF THE POLISH ECONOMY GALA

ROYAL CASTLE

THE

100 YEARS

OF INDEPENDENCE We would like to invite you to a gala concert marking the centenary of the regaining of INDEPENDENCE BY POLAND, on December 11, 2018 at the Royal Castle in Warsaw, which will be combined with the 16TH PEARLS OF THE POLISH ECONOMY and 13TH HONORARY PEARLS AWARD CEREMONY.

THE ROYAL CASTLE IN WARSAW, DECEMBER 11, 2018

Pearls of the Polish Economy

WE ARE WITNESSING A TURNING AWAY FROM NEOLIBERAL THOUGHT PROF. ELŻBIETA MĄCZYŃSKA, President of the Polish Economic Society, Laureate of the "Polish Market's" Honorary Pearls award in the Science category in 2017

How do you, as an economist, feel in Poland today?

These are interesting times. From an economic point of view, the situation is quite good, and the conditions for growth are favourable in many aspects. Not only has Poland's financial standing been recently confirmed by the IMF, but it can also be seen in its ratings’ being adjusted upwards. This doesn't mean, however, that Poland isn’t facing any difficult economic or other problems, or other barriers to its development. But we still have many reserves, which, if effectively tapped, could add extra dynamics to the economy, and have a beneficial impact on the citizens’ quality of life.

One of such reserves, remaining unused for years, has been that of the Polish diaspora – the community dispersed all around the world, roughly estimated at 20 million people. And even though more and more of our nationals are rising to senior positions in business, science and other fields, Poland still hasn't developed a well-organised, comprehensive database in this field. Devising and coherently structuring such a database could well foster the growth of relationship capital or support business, scientific and other types of networking. As of yet, however, this area still remains barren.

Poland is a beautiful, interesting country offering great economic potential, along with excellent climatic conditions. It still has four seasons, and that also adds to its appeal in many respects, also for those based here, like for example the clothing, tourist and other industries.

Yet, we are failing to fully expose this attractiveness to the world. Also, there is much to indicate that Polish diplomatic missions and foreign trade representations are not making proper use of opportunities to promote business, scientific and other networking, or to learn more about Poles living abroad. After all, is there any networking more effective than that based on direct contact? If we built and regularly updated a database of our nationals, networking could intensify, taking into account various specialisation profiles, including specialist groups such as experts in IT, finance and other areas. Take joint conferences or other meetings, for example – if appropriately planned, they could form an opportunity to establish and develop contacts, with a positive impact on the economy and other areas of our lives.

PM

PM

Similar data should be collected on foreign students who graduate from Polish universities.

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Yes, a complete database should be available, as it would prove useful in many ways, not only economically, but also politically. But, sadly, we don’t have any database of this kind. This results in a waste of enormous potential, and, above all, relationship capital. In Poland, there have been many foreigners who have come here, including during the communist rule, and are still coming to study,for example the Vietnamese, Syrians, Ethiopians, and, most recently, Ukrainians. There are more and more students from the West as well. The problem is, once they graduate, the contact is usually lost and only a few of the universities come up with the initiative to keep in touch with them. China can serve as an example of what this monitoring should be like. The Chinese have set up a special fund aimed at attracting their diaspora and to seek out the best Chinese scientists abroad. They are offered better working conditions than those in the West, specifically to encourage them to come back and work for China. But China is distinguished by being able to think strategically and develop strategies that span 50-year periods. In Poland, on the other hand, during the transformation period, the culture of strategic thinking in the socio-economic policy became marginalised in favour of a shorter time horizon, usually not going beyond access to EU funding.

Having mentioned strategy, could you share your opinion on the one currently being pursued in countries such as Poland and Hungary – the policy of State interventionism? Would you say this is a good model?

The Government's “Responsible Development Strategy” seems like an attempt to give higher priority to a strategic approach. But I wouldn’t go as far as to classify it as a State-interventionism model. The changes being observed today in Poland and other countries have assumed a sort of pendulum motion, where a swing to one side creates a natural force bringing the pendulum back in the opposite direction. Apparently, we were wrong in many Western and transforming economies, Poland’s included, being subjected to neo-liberal doctrine, according to which the free-market mechanism guarantees efficiency, and therefore the State's role should be minimised or restricted to that of “watchman”.

Such an approach has led to many irregularities, which at their peak resulted in the financial crisis of 2008. That's why we had to redefine our approach to socio-economic policy, also with regard to the State's PM

Pearls of the Polish Economy effective role in counteracting the weaknesses of the free-market mechanism. A mechanism which is failing in certain respects, as shown by Nobel-Prize laureates in economics, Professors Robert Shiller and George Akerlof in their aptly titled book "Phishing for Phools: The Economics of Manipulation and Deception".

In this context, it is worth noting that from an economic standpoint, we can distinguish three models of liberalism. The first one is Smith's classic, 18th-century liberalism. The two trends that followed were born as a critique and counterbalance to the anti-liberal tendencies of the first half of the 20th century, including Nazism and communism. New liberal trends emerged in defence of liberalism. These were ordoliberalism and neoliberalism. Ordoliberalism (“ordo” means “order” – editor's note) assumed that liberalism requires a specific framework to compensate for the weakness of free market mechanisms, and to harmonise economic, social and environmental objectives. The lack of such frameworks and regulations can lead to degeneration, which is typical of neoliberalism, a trend which marginalises the role of the State, leaving socio-economic issues to the free market. Currently in many countries we are dealing with a retreat from neoliberal doctrine. Experience has shown that countries leaning towards the ordoliberal trend have developed more harmoniously. This is particularly apparent in Scandinavian countries, which are focusing on reconciling economic, social and environmental objectives, have an effective social policy, and are developing their economies more efficiently. For this reason, liberalism can be combined with an active role by the State.

We have already grown accustomed to the fact that the global financial crisis of 20072008 is over. However, economists are observing signs of a return of negative trends.

What is your opinion on this issue?

Nouriel Roubini, co-author of the book “Crisis Economics” published after the recent financial crisis, one of the few economists who had foreseen the crisis, claimed that its consequences would be evident for around 10 years.

Based on his opinion, it can be stated that the crisis ended in 2018. However, many economists believe that its consequences are still observable, because the causes have not been eliminated. So there are also views that another, deeper financial crisis is inevitable. The reasons for this include the unequal distribution of wealth, and market freedom, with its positive and negative aspects, such as room for financial manipulations. Furthermore, there have been no changes in the regulations which permit combining deposit and lending activity with investment and speculative activity of universal banks.

Despite the numerous events compromising PM

the reputation of rating agencies, such as their completely failed assessments of securities, the rules of their operation have not changed. It is still the assessed entity, that is the issuer of securities, which pays the rating agency for the assessment, which in itself jeopardises the objectivity of the evaluation.

As some economists are prophesying another crisis, please tell me if in your opinion Poland is well prepared for it?

In many Western European countries it is possible to observe the excess economy, where demand does not keep pace with the supply of goods and services. Poland is fortunate enough to be an emerging market catching up with others, where supply limitations are lower than in richer countries. At the same time, fortunately, in Poland income disparities are not so considerable. Social benefit programmes, such as 500+, have contributed to the reduction of poverty. This has had a positive effect on the market, and demand. The less affluent usually spend any extra money they receive, so it returns to the market, and the rich usually don’t know exactly how much their income has increased.

Throughout most of the transformation period the Polish economy tried to be competitive through low wages. This priority for economic growth led to a situation in which social objectives were neglected. There were poverty zones.

The current change of orientation in economic policy - harmonising economic goals with a socially beneficial policy - has provided a demand impulse for the economy. Unfortunately, there are still immense unused reserves. The Polish diaspora, which I mentioned before, is one of these, but there are also reserves when it comes to the development of tourism, road infrastructure, etc. Tapping these reserves requires investments. Currently, however, the scale of investments, especially in the private sector, is relatively low. Were it not for public investments, the situation would be even worse.

The basic problem of the economy is the weak aptitude for private investments, which does not have a favourable impact on tapping reserves in the course of socio-economic development.

Susceptibility to global trends is another issue.

Poland is an open economy, largely depending on exports. A decline in the economic situation of other countries manifestly influences our economy. For instance, when the economic situation in Germany becomes worse, our exports to Germany are negatively affected.

PM

What role in Poland's growth is played by the series of recently introduced changes, such as the Business Constitution, the common economic zone, and State aid for start-ups.

Are such measures sufficient?

Investments are essential for sustainable socio-economic growth, so these measures, and PM

POLAND IS A BEAUTIFUL, INTERESTING COUNTRY OFFERING GREAT ECONOMIC POTENTIAL, ALONG WITH EXCELLENT CLIMATIC CONDITIONS.

State aid programmes aimed at their intensification, are valid. However, the support must be well-planned and accurately addressed. So far it has focused on Special Economic Zones (SEZs).

Specialist reports show that these zones were not always used by those for whom they were intended. There were cases when Polish companies were being eliminated by foreign businesses’ functioning in the SEZs, and benefitting from tax reliefs which domestic companies were unable to obtain. Competition rules were often violated. A number of irregularities was observed in the operation of Special Economic Zones. Hence a turn towards promoting all investments. The programme will make it possible to direct investments, for example towards particularly underprivileged areas and domains.

As far as The Business Constitution is concerned, this is a valid and essential tool. Business communities have been calling for these changes for a long time, pointing to numerous bureaucratic obstacles, and other barriers to economic activity. The Business Constitution is oriented towards removing these barriers. The functioning of The Business Constitution will be verified in practice, as the devil is in the detail. What is important, however, is that such an initiative was taken up because it could contribute to business development.

Will the ideas for boosting innovation prove effective?

Innovations cannot be easily controlled or forecast. They require a favourable environment and a comprehensive approach; innovations and inventions alone will not suffice. It is important that they find application in national practice, and that they are not taken over by foreign entities to Poland’s disadvantage, as has been the case before. There is a need for institutions to combine research with the development-related needs of companies, providing a link between achievements in the field of innovation, and their practical applications.

• PM

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POLISH ECONOMIC

SOCIETY

The Polish version of the book will soon be available in the online bookshop of the Polish Economic Society (PTE).

For the full selection of our publications, check www.ksiazkiekonomiczne.pl. Books can be ordered online, in scientific bookshops, or directly with PTE: 49 Nowy Świat St. 00-042 Warsaw tel.: +48 22 551 54 01 e-mail: zk@pte.pl

Cybersecurity

THE SILESIAN UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY – THE BEST RESPONSE TO MARKET NEEDS

T

he Silesian University of Technology in the city of Gliwice is the oldest technological university in Śląskie Province, and one of the largest in the country. This modern university focuses on innovative scientific research and development work, where the educational process is supported by intensive cooperation with industry. One of its results is launching dual education programmes.

Dual study projects are being developed on an ongoing basis. The Silesian University of Technology has received almost PLN 7.7 million from the National Centre for Research and Development for the implementation of five types of dual studies, under which students acquire professional experience along with theoretical knowledge. This is the largest subsidy granted to public higher education institutions.

The location of the Silesian University of Technology close to the Katowice Special Economic Zone provides the University with access to state-of-the-art and superbly equipped laboratories for Industry 4.0. Fifteen units – thirteen faculties, a college and an institute – offer more than 50 degree programmes and approx. 200 specialities covering the entire range of engineering practice. Currently, the University has more than 20,000 students, including almost 15,000 enrolled in fulltime studies. The educational package covers full-time and part-time BSc courses, which end with obtaining the degree of Engineer and Bachelor of Science, Master’s cources, PhD courses and post-graduate courses. The Silesian University of Technology offers 16 free-of-charge programmes od study in English.

The Silesian University of Technology has for years been among the leading Polish higher education institutions. The 4th position among technical universities, and 9th among all higher education institutions, in the Perspektywy ranking gave the university the AWANS 2018 special award. In the same ranking, two programmes available at the university – Environmental Engineering at the Faculty of Energy and Environmental Engineering, and Logistics at the Faculty of Organization and Management ‒ were evaluated as the best in Poland. Leading positions were occupied by a total of five programmes run by the University in Gliwice. The second position was taken by Transport at the Faculty of Transport, and third by Biotechnology at the Faculty of Automatic Control, Electronics and Computer Science. 10 faculties of the Silesian University of Technology have scientific category A. Thanks to that, the University is among the three leading technological universities which have improved their rankings in the recent assessment of the quality of scientific activities.

The Silesian University of Technology is a development- and innovation-oriented institution. It is an active participant, inter alia, of the Electromobility Development Programme in Poland. The following Future Mobility projects are being implemented by the University: Electromobility, Green Travelling, Electric Travelling and S-mile. The Silesian University is also one of the most PhD-student-friendly higher education institutions in Poland. In the last year’s edition of the competition organised by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education, as many as 64 PhD students started their PhD implementation programmes. The Silesian University of Technology also achieved the top rank among higher education institutions in Poland (jointly with the Warsaw University of Technology) providing education to the highest number of PhD students benefitting from the programme.

The University is a breeding ground for new talent much needed on the labour market. The report prepared by Sedlak & Sedlak shows that every twelfth company president in Poland has studied at the Silesian University of Technology. According to the "Rzeczpospolita" daily, the Gliwice-based University ranks fourth in the country in terms of educating successful people. At the University, there are almost 170 scientific clubs, and 20 student organisations and groups. The Student Career Office and the Academic Entrepreneurship Incubator assist students in developing their skills and future professional careers. The University regularly organises job fairs, training courses and workshops, as well as programmes and • competitions promoting academic entrepreneurship.

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From Polish R&D Sector

CHALLENGES AND BARRIERS TO TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT PROF. RYSZARD PREGIEL, President of the Polish Chamber of Commerce for High Technology

I

t has become a truism to say that research and innovation are a factor determining a country’s future position on the global market.

In the past 20 years as much as two thirds of the economic growth of developed countries resulted from new technological ideas and organisational innovations being brought into practice. Companies have been increasingly investing in intangible assets to maintain and strengthen their competitive position. In the most industrialised countries, the contribution of intangible assets to production growth is three times higher than the contribution of investment spending on tangible assets.

Investment in research has become an economic necessity.

Considering the role of research and innovation in contemporary economy, one of the main priorities of the European Commission is raising spending on this purpose in the Union to at least 3% of the EU’s GDP by 2030. At present, Sweden, the innovation leader in Europe, is the only country which meets this target. The position of the Common Market relative to its main competitors - the United States, Japan, South Korea and China – will depend on realising these ambitious goals.

Poland faces enormous challenges in the technological race. Spending on research and development in Poland stands at a mere 1% of GDP. The country sets aside for this purpose around EUR5 billion annually, which accounts for less than 2% of the EU’s total spending. In the league table published by the European Commission in 2017, Poland ranks 24th in the European Union in terms of innovation, being the last country in the group of “moderate innovators.” In the league table, Poland is only ahead of Romania, Bulgaria and Croatia. The slight improvement in the innovation performance of the Polish economy noted in recent years - in particular as regards the impact of innovation on employment, business spending on research and development, and the introduction of systemic solutions encouraging higher R&D spending – does not measure up to Poland’s aspirations and potential. There are a number of reasons behind this situation. The most important of them are the insufficient use of the intellectual potential, insufficient business spending on applying new technological ideas in practice, despite some improvement, and poorly developed international cooperation in research and development.

Even cursory analysis reveals a striking contrast between the amount of knowledge produced in Poland and its application in business practice.

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THE BUSINESS SECTOR IS THE MAIN SECTOR OF THE POLISH ECONOMY WHERE MONEY IS SPENT ON RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT.

Poland has a great intellectual potential, with more than 100 state research institutes, more than 10 institutes of the Polish Academy of Sciences with a strong position in world science, thousands of development offices and almost 400 higher educational institutions operating in the country. In recent years, the scientific and laboratory equipment has been significantly modernised. A total of 215,000 people work in the Polish science and research sector. Their share in the total number of research workers in the European Union is much higher than the share of Poland’s spending on research and innovation. Making use of this great potential is the main condition Poland has to meet for its economy to be competitive on the EU and global market.

The business sector is the main sector of the Polish economy where money is spent on research and development. In 2016, the sector was responsible for 65% of the total spending. But in absolute numbers the business sector spends markedly less than would be required to meet its needs and economic potential. Cooperation between academia and business continues to encounter many barriers, including fear of risk, which is always involved when implementing new technological ideas, the long time between the beginning of a research project and the application of its findings in practice, and some habits of the scientific community inherited from the period before transition from the communist system. To improve this situation, it is necessary to further improve the system of incentives encouraging businesses to raise spending on their intangible assets, especially spending on advanced technologies.

From Polish R&D Sector Access to the talent, knowledge, ideas and markets of the European Union and, with some restrictions, the whole world is one of the main positive aspects of communities and globalisation. This is true of all countries, but especially those which are trying to catch up with the leaders.

Winning over the “rest of Europe” for cooperation in fulfilling Poland’s economic aspirations is a condition of success. Additionally, Europe’s future position will depend on supranational cooperation among EU countries in the area of research and innovation. Breakthrough innovations – ones that create completely new markets – are rare in Europe. This is due to many factors: a shortage of venture capital, much less risk appetite than in the United States and other countries, and insufficient use of the potential of the huge EU market of 500 million. The removal of these barriers requires adopting a new European technology policy, which would meet today’s challenges, especially tightening economic cooperation.

The European Technology Forum will be devoted to discussion on guidelines for the European technology policy. Organised by the Polish Chamber of Commerce for High Technology, the Forum will be held at the Congress Centre in Katowice on September 26 and 27, 2018. The main topic of this international meeting of managers, scientists and politicians, including panel discussions and reports on specific problems, will be the functioning of European and national instruments of support for R&D and implementation projects undertaken by businesses, and systemic changes planned for 2021-2027 under the Horizon Europe Programme. Special attention will be devoted to the development of industries identified as strategic under the Strategy for Responsible Development: innovative medicine, digital technologies in industrial applications (Industry 4.0), circular economy and modern means of transport. The detailed programme of the Forum is available on www.euroforum.iztech.pl. •

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From Polish R&D Sector

WIELKOPOLSKA CENTRE FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES (WCAT)

RESEARCH & INNOVATION PARTNER

The Wielkopolska Centre for Advanced Technologies – Poland’s most modern centre with the goal to develop innovative solutions for industry.

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he Wielkopolska region is among the leading academic centres in Poland, harbouring a great R&D potential. The essence of the comprehensive knowledge transfer model generated and pursued in the region’s capital city of Poznań is building an effective relationship between invention, pursued at universities and research institutes, and innovation, developed at the Poznań Science and Technology Park of the Adam Mickiewicz University Foundation and others parks. The relationship is being built by creating all elements necessary for the effective transfer of knowledge, especially Polish scientific and technological achievements, to business practice. We are also strongly focused on developing wide international research cooperation.

At the core of the model is the Wielkopolska Centre for Advanced Technologies (WCAT) in Poznań, a multi-disciplinary science & technology institution of high international standing and R&D centre for innovative firms and high-tech international industry. The WCAT Project was co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund under the Operational Programme Innovative Economy.

The main aim of the foundation of Wielkopolska Centre for Advanced Technologies – Materials and Biomaterials (WCAT) in Poznań, is to create a multidisciplinary research centre in the field of high-tech materials, biomaterials and nanomaterials based on recent achievements in related fields of chemistry, chemical technologies, physics, biotechnology, biology, medicine, pharmacy and agriculture sciences.

WCAT brings together the best specialists in natural and engineering sciences and is an infrastructural venture of the Poznań scientific

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community. The Centre is a consortium of five universities: the Adam Mickiewicz University, which is the project coordinator, Poznań University of Technology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań University of Medical Sciences and Poznań University of Economics; four institutes of the Polish Academy of Sciences: the Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Plant Genetics, Human Genetics, and Molecular Physics; Institute of Natural Fibres and Medicinal Plants; and the Poznań Science and Technology Park of the Adam Mickiewicz University Foundation and City of Poznań. The project is based on the research knowhow and credibility of leading scientists, working in the key institutes of the regions.

The objective of the multidisciplinary activity of the centre is to develop original methods for the synthesis of chemicals, biochemicals and agrochemicals, called fine chemicals, and a new generation of biomaterials and nanomaterials and their precursors, designed in cooperation between the chemists, physicochemists and biochemists. This research activity will be followed by the development of advanced technologies and biotechnologies for the production of these fine (bio)chemicals and precursors of materials to be used in optoelectronics, ceramics, medicine, pharmacy, agriculture and other fields of high-tech industry.

To reach the complex goals mentioned above, we have committed ourselves to ensuring permanent cooperation between all units of WCAT, i.e. the Centre of Chemical Technology and Nanotechnology, Centre of Industrial Biotechnology with a Greenhouse, Centre of Medical Biotechnology with an Animal House, Centre of Materials Science

From Polish R&D Sector with a Regional Laboratory of Unique Equipment, functioning as one research organism.

As emphasised, the Regional Laboratory of Unique Equipment should be of service to all other units of WCAT. The Laboratory has highly specialised equipment which is available for use by the scientific community and small and medium enterprises from the region. The laboratory contains the following research blocks: - mass spectrometry; - microscopy and nanomechanical analysis, equipped with scanning electron microscope, atomic force microscope, nanoindenter, optical confocal microscope, confocal fluorescence microscope; - NMR spectroscopy; - thermal analysis enabling measurements of DSC, TGA, STA also coupled with FT-IR and MS; - clean room enabling the production of metallic and semiconductor nanostructures using optical, electron and ion lithography methods (equipped with SEM/FIB, machine for ion etching and application of thin layers and an optical lithography device); - a number of additional analytical devices (BET, DLS, DVS, elemental analysis).

Since launching the Centre in late 2015, over 60 different R&D projects have been completed or implemented. They were generally financed by national sources, international sources, as well as by industry. More than 200 scientific and technical employees, and over 100 students and trainees actively use the Centre's infrastructure every day. Since the beginning of WCAT operations the staff of the Centre has published over 200 significant publications, and has cooperated with over 70 companies operating in the field of advanced research and development. Our goal is also to speed up the creation of new technology-based business. The start-up companies and innovative SMEs are also at the heart of the WCAT mission.

The Centre strongly specialises in numerous scientific areas, creating a flexible platform for new technologies and business development. In several areas, WCAT carries out world-class research in the field of chemistry, supported by solid IPR assets.

During the 8th European Silicon Days in August 2016, the newly established Centre hosted a forum for exchanging new ideas among the world’s leading and young scientists within the silicon community. The meeting brought together over 350 research and industrial scientists and students from Europe and around the globe to present and discuss the latest and the most exciting aspects of silicon chemistry.

All this activity now carried out at the Centre is possible thanks to the planning of this multidisciplinary infrastructure 12 years ago.

The goal of the WCAT Consortium is to establish a strong research university in Poznań. We are ready for the role which we planned 12 years ago.

The research fields which are now being developed: - Discovering new reaction pathways and smart synthesis; - (Bio)catalysts design and the application of catalytic processes for the formation of fine and specialty chemicals and materials; - Sustainable and environmentally friendly processes (solvent-free, waste-free technologies, the application of neoteric solvents – ionic liquids, supercritical fluids and water as new reaction media); - Biotechnological processes designed to manufacture chemicals; - Recycling and separation technologies, utilisation of waste for further transformation, catalyst re-use and immobilisation techniques, membrane techniques, supercritical and reactive extraction; - Microtechnologies – to make processes more efficient and compact by combining various steps of the processes in one reactor, the application of one-pot and tandem processes, development of semi-batch and continuous flow technologies with the possibility for in line analysis; - Research conducted at WCAT’s Animal Facility (one of the most state-of-the-art facilities in Poland) offering opportunities for conducting in vivo and in vitro studies with the SPF standard - molecular and physiological studies of pathomechanisms (infectious, cancerous, genetically conditioned) underlying human diseases on the basis of appropriate animal models; testing of advanced therapeutic approach in preclinical studies.

It seems that the synergy of science and business is the most important thing for the long-term development of this infrastructure project. In the areas of processes and products, we plan the implementation of ambitious projects, because it is only large international expert teams that can create something really good today. The multidisciplinary character of WCAT is focused on creating groups of experts around specific problems, a process producing feedback around the world (for example, conducting research in the animal house on new biologically active compounds being the basis for the development of new drugs).

The Wielkopolska Centre for Advanced Technologies has twice received, in 2016 and 2017, the EuroSymbol award in the Science and Business Synergy category. EuroSymbol is an expression of appreciation for the previous activities and achievements supported by results in the field of science-business cooperation. The award is granted annually, starting from 2010, by the editorial staff of national economic publishers.

•

PROFESSOR BRONISŁAW MARCINIAK, Director of the Wielkopolska Centre for Advanced Technologies (WCAT)

PROFESSOR BOGDAN MARCINIEC, Chairman of the Coordination Committee of WCAT Consortium

www.wczt.pl polish market

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From Polish R&D Sector

COMPETENCES FOR THE FUTURE – AN

IMPORTANT ELEMENT IN THE ACTIVITIES OF THE FEM PUT

T

he question of how to prepare the new generation for entering the job market is still topical. In this rushing and dynamically changing world it is hard to quickly tell who is a professional with a potential for the future. A person’s competences encompass knowledge, executive skills, experience, and the approach to the tasks being implemented. However, can declarations and recommendations be trusted? Maybe it is better to train the required professionals in-company, using its own resources. This invokes a number of questions: what kind of knowledge should be communicated and how, which technologies should be taught in practice, and how can you influence future employees so that they will always be able to take a constructive approach to tasks and problems?

Currently many researchers emphasise the need to prepare workers for Industry 4.0. It is crucial to be fluent in IT technologies, making use of the possibilities offered by the Internet, but also to be familiar with state-of-the-art technical solutions in the field of process automation and the transfer of knowledge on the applications of materials with newly discovered properties.

There is market pressure for creating new infrastructure, designing new products, and distributing them in a more competent and effective way, and also to ensure friendly maintenance services. This means that contemporary specialists should present a broad range of skills.

At Poznan University of Technology (PUT) the issue of availability and transfer of new technologies has always been regarded as a priority. At the beginning of the 21st Century a growing degree of technological exclusion resulting from the rate of development was observed.

Thus, at the initiative of the employees of the Faculty of Engineering Management (FEM PUT), in 2006 the Technical Knowledge Accelerator (AWT©) was created, and has operated at Poznan University of Technology ever since. Thanks to the Accelerator, in cooperation with the Marshal Office of the Wielkopolska Region, a number of laboratories were created to enable students of technical secondary schools to stay in touch with state-of-the-art technologies and to be better prepared for the professions of the future. The research projects implemented so far have demonstrated that in addition to professional abilities there is a demand for transversal competences, which are universal, and do not depend on the level of technology, or the sector. Their combination with professional competences forms a basis for social cooperation, as generally in every situation an individual should show: - creativity (manifesting itself in the will to create, readiness to take up new challenges, willingness to solve problems, and improve products and processes as well as work and living conditions),

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- team work (associated with readiness to work together, and cooperation and synergy, regardless of whether the cooperation is virtual or direct), - communicativeness (i.e. adjusting to the local communication methods, also in the technological and procedural senses), - entrepreneurship (associated with the willingness to earn individual financial surpluses and the pursuit of prosperity).

Despite the common belief (also confirmed in the studies carried out on enterprises) that transversal competences are necessary, the problem of their effective and efficient communication in the education process still remains. Such methods are being developed at the FEM under the ERASMUS + Strategic Partnership: - “The acceleration method of development of the transversal competences in the students’ practical training process” 2015 - 2018 (Finland, Slovakia, Slovenia, Poland), - “Entrepreneurship and Communication in Multicultural Teams” 2016-2019 (Belgium, the Czech Republic, Finland, France, Germany, the United Kingdom, Poland).

Practical skills – an important component in the competences of FEM students – are developed during project classes, often run directly in companies. For instance, future logistics engineers present their assignments prepared in teams in the form of simulations of designed processes, created with the application of the latest FlexSim software during the annual Gala, organised every June. The audience, usually consisting of around 300 people and constituting the competition jury, includes not only other students, but first of all representatives of companies for which the projects are created. With such an approach there is no doubt that the presented solutions are useful, and that they in fact solve specific problems experienced by enterprises. The Gala also usually features a debate with honorary guests. So far, since 2000, these included professors from the University of Windsor Canada and the Mississippi State University, representatives of FlexSim from France, and the developers of the software from the US, and, in 2018, a delegate from the Ministry of Entrepreneurship and Technology.

The Faculty of Engineering Management Poznan University of Technology, by educating management, logistics and security engineers, not only communicates knowledge to students, but also convinces them that problems are made to be solved, and that the University’s • graduates know how it should be done.

More on www.fem.put.poznan.pl

From Polish R&D Sector

CENTRE FOR TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER CITTRU 15 years of bringing science and business together www.sciencemarket.pl

SPECIAL UNIT

The development of an innovative economy is impossible without building connections between the world of science and business. However, this requires support from specialists who understand the specific nature of both. You can find them at technology transfer centres – special units of universities.

Centre for Technology Transfer CITTRU at the Jagiellonian University is responsible for cooperation, understood in a broad sense, between the university and the business world, and for bridging the gap between science and society. CITTRU’s activity includes identifying and protecting research findings, and actively looking for partners interested in their commercial application. The core of the interdisciplinary CITTRU team is made up of brokers.

Each of them is responsible for one key field, translating research results from the langue of science into the language of business. In 2018, the advisory firm Clarivate Analytics included the Jagiellonian University for the third time in a row in its league table of 100 most innovative European universities as the only university from Central Europe. In the explanatory remarks, the firm stressed the role of CITTRU in coordinating research services provided by scientific teams, and a rise in the licensing activity of the Jagiellonian University. This proves that this support model works.

DIVERSE TECHNOLOGIES AND SECTORS

An example of a successful road from the laboratory to shop shelves is the immunostimulating preparation for fish developed by an interdisciplinary team at the Faculty of Biology.

It has natural ingredients and is easy to administer. A licence to apply the technology has been bought by Zoolek company. Within a year the company started to sell the preparation based on the method developed at the university. In 2017, the product won a distinction at the PetFair exhibition.

An invention which is now on the road to being commercialised is a biological method of

reducing excessive growth of filamentous bacteria in activated sludge in wastewater treatment plants. The invention, developed by a team of researchers at the Institute of Environmental Sciences, uses organisms naturally occurring in activated sludge-rotifers, which eliminate bacteria. The technology has already been applied as a reference in 10 treatment plants and the obtained results confirmed its effectiveness. It was also commercially implemented in 2 plants. It is environment friendly and price competitive compared to traditional methods.

Another example of an invention offered by CITTRU is a fuel additive reducing soot production. Developed by a team led by Dariusz Latowski of the Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, it enables more effective fuel combustion and a reduction in soot deposition in chimneys while at the same time causing no harm to the structural materials of the boiler.

The research teams of the Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science also have enormous potential. A network of measurement stations equipped with sensors measuring the content of particulate matter in the air, temperature, humidity and pressure, designed by group of Zenon Nieckarz, is an invention associated with the protection of air quality. The stations have already been deployed in the districts of Skawina and Kalwaria Zebrzydowska near Krakow. In contrast to solutions existing on the market, they will be regularly calibrated, which makes the measurement results more reliable. Scientists from the Group of Macromolecular Nanolayers are involved in inventing new methods for the production and control of structures being of great importance in plastic electronics, in particular in the manufacture of optoelectronic equipment. With the support of their broker, they cooperate with firms specialising in photovoltaic systems.

In 2017, the activity of the Faculty of Chemistry resulted in as many as 22 patent applications, of the 54 applications filed by the university, and 18 of the 55 patents granted. Among the technologies developed at the faculty is the

synthesis of catalysts the abatement of the emissions of frequently encountered volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and nitrogen oxides (NOx), for which the permissible emissions limits will in the near future be severely reduced.

Collegium Medicum of the Jagiellonian University is a breeding ground for inventions offering hope for new diagnostic and treatment methods. Research teams led by Anna Waszkielewicz, Paweł Zajdel and Marcin Kołaczkowski of the Faculty of Pharmacy develop active pharmaceutical compounds working on the central nervous system. The compounds may be useful in the treatment of dementia, depression, Alzheimer’s disease and neuropathic pain. At present, CITTRU is looking for a business partner needed for further development work.

RESEARCH SERVICES FOR BUSINESS

It is inspiring that interest in commercial research services commissioned by external partners is growing. But in this connection a need arises for effective communication and collaboration under clear rules. This is another task performed by CITTRU. A scientist who intensively cooperates with business is Mirosław Żelazny of the Institute of Geography and Spatial Economy. His team conducts hydrological research for companies – for example ski resorts and national parks. However, research is commissioned not only in the area of natural sciences. One example is the Centre for the Evaluation and Analysis of Public Policies, which specialises in customised research and advisory projects for the public administration sector, business and non-governmental organisations.

At present, there are more than 200 inventions in the Jagiellonian University’s portfolio.

Detailed information about the available technologies, inventions offered by research teams, and unique research infrastructure, as well as contact details of relevant CITTRU brokers are publicly available on the Internet platform sciencemarket.pl.

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From Polish R&D Sector

CIVILIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTES FOR NATIONAL DEFENCE

PROF. LESZEK RAFALSKI, Chairman of the Main Council of the Research Institutes

W

hile a sense of security, understood as being free from a multitude of threats, is one of the existential needs of every human being, civilizational development, the ongoing globalisation, and technological advancement progressing at a tremendous pace, are, on the one hand, beneficial to society, and, on the other hand, generate increased threats.

In the 21st Century, ensuring national security has become a major challenge for State structures and public administrations, as well as for researchers. It is worth realising that the strategic potential of national security also entails the scientific prospects which are inseparably connected with it. Therefore, it is of great importance to coordinate the activities of the national research sector with national security strategy. In my opinion, it is necessary to invest in scientific research and develop technologies which can be used directly and indirectly by the national defence sector.

Among the 114 Polish research institutes which I represent, there are many civilian bodies conducting research and implementing solutions which can be utilised in the event of national security and public security being at risk.

In July 2018, on the initiative of deputy Minister of Defence Tomasz Zdzikot and in collaboration with the Ministry, the Main Council of the Research Institutes, organised a conference entitled “Civilian Research Institutes for National Defence”. Its objective was to present solutions devised by civilian research institutes for the defence of the State.

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Based on their achievements and experience to date, representatives of 20 civilian institutes presented their research and implementation capabilities, as well as finished products based on innovative designs. Many of these had typically military purposes, while others were more universal in nature, with the potential for application by the military after the appropriate modification and adaptation. The numerous solutions prepared in the research laboratories are being implemented, by leading Polish armaments companies, and are winning recognition on the Polish and international markets.

The presentations made during the conference covered a number of issues in the fields of technology, IT, materials science and biotechnology, in which several thematic groups could be distinguished in terms of application, such as vehicles and equipment, weaponry, threat identification, security, and defence systems.

In the group of solutions which covered vehicles and their equipment, scientists presented, among other things, the ILX-34 multipurpose turboprop aircraft, the zero-emission Skartt vehicle, the FUNTER 4x4x4 multipurpose vehicle for special missions, the exhaustgas-cooling engine for the Anders combat vehicle, engines for satellites and suborbital and carrier rockets, a hybrid power system for special vehicles, aircraft batteries, and plastic greases for military vehicles and equipment.

Among the presented solutions involving broadly understood weaponry, special attention should be given to photodiodes for precision-guided munition heads and rocket-guidance systems, rocket-sensor casings,

technologies for strengthening barrels of small arms and artillery, the manufacture of semifinished products for projectile bodies, electric engines for the tank-gun stabilisation system of the Leopard II PL, machine tools for barrel production, devices for shell control, reserve thermal batteries for missiles, and artillery and mortar ammunition.

Implementations connected with threat identification, and security and defence systems are very important for the military. Examples of solutions which could be of use in national defence were presented at the conference. These included a photonic spectrum analyser for high-frequency electromagnetic signals, the ISKIP Intelligent Comprehensive Vehicle-Identification System, the National Cybersecurity Platform, a metal-ceramic panel utilising gunfire-resistant ballistic plates, a plastic for reducing radiation, new-generation preparations for decontamination, plastic explosive marking, and vaccines against biological attacks. Other solutions which enjoyed interest were drone-neutralisation systems, bombing-precision evaluation systems, the updating of magnetic maps for aircraft and missile navigation, and for submarine navigation, and the Balsa engineering robot used to dispose of loads and dangerous materials.

I am delighted that the conference, held at the Ministry, uncovered the great potential and extensive scope of the research and implementation activities of the non-military institutes focused on national defence.

Making people aware of the importance of large interdisciplinary projects which can be used by the military is also an important is• sue.

„

From Polish R&D Sector

LET’S USE EVERYTHING THAT IS VALUABLE IN NATURE TO CREATE WHAT IS HEALTHY FOR MAN, SAFE FOR THE ENVIRONMENT AND USEFUL FOR TECHNOLOGY.”

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OF THE INSTITUTE OF BIOPOLYMERS AND CHEMICAL FIBRES

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From Polish R&D Sector

INNOVATION IN THE NON-FERROUS METAL INDUSTRY PROF. ZBIGNIEW ŚMIESZEK, Managing Director of the Institute of Non-Ferrous Metals (IMN) PROF. MIECZYSŁAW WOCH, Institute of Non-Ferrous Metals (IMN)

T

he title of the article was the topic of a science and technology conference on June 13-15. Held in the year marking the 100th anniversary of Poland regaining its independence, the conference had been organised by the Institute of Non-Ferrous Metals (IMN), Association of Non-Ferrous Metal Engineers and Technicians (SITMN), and Economic Chamber of Non-Ferrous Metals and Recycling (IGMNR). The nonferrous metal industry is an important sector of the Polish economy and is based mainly on domestic materials: copper, zinc, lead with associated metals, and aluminium processing. As a result, innovation in the non-ferrous metal industry is a significant part of innovation in the country’s economy as a whole. Thanks to the importance of the topic of the conference, it was attended by the management and technological staff of all major companies operating in the sector, including KGHM Polska Miedź, ZGH Bolesław, Impexmetal, Huta Aluminium Konin, HC

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Miasteczko Śląskie, Baterpol, ZM Silesia, Hutmen, Walcownia Metali Dziedzice and Bipromet as well as representatives of small and medium-sized businesses. The scientific community was represented at the conference by research workers of the Institute of NonFerrous Metals, Faculty of Non-Ferrous Metals AGH University of Science and Technology and the Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science Polish Academy of Sciences. The participants in the conference, more than 110 persons, had an opportunity to get familiar with innovative technological solutions used in plants operating in the sector, and innovative projects carried out by research units already applied or proposed for application in the non-ferrous metal industry.

The topics of individual sessions concerned innovation, directions for the development of the whole non-ferrous metal industry and problems of its individual sectors. An important part of the conference was the general session, with an address by Prof.

Zbigniew Śmieszek, managing director of

the Institute of Non-Ferrous Metals, about the role of the non-ferrous metal industry in the Polish economy, an address by Prof.

Ryszard Pregiel about the activity of the Polish Chamber of Commerce for High Technology, an address by Zygmunt Krasiński, director of the National Contact Point for Research Programmes of the European Union, entitled “Horizon 2020 as a Chance for Polish Innovators. New Opportunities in Contests for the Years 2018-2020 and the Prospect of Another Framework Programme of the European Union,” an address by Justyna Szlagowska-Spychalska of the National Centre for Research and Development (NCBR) entitled “NCBR Projects Supporting Innovation in Polish Industry,” the history of the development of the non-ferrous metal industry presented by Emil Głuszczyk, an address by Kazimierz Poznański, president of the Economic Chamber of Non-Ferrous Metals and Recycling, entitled “The Present State and Problems of the Polish Non-Ferrous Metal Industry,” and an address by Andrzej Płonka,

From Polish R&D Sector director of the Innovation and Technology Transfer Centre at the Institute of Non-Ferrous Metals, entitled “Directions of Support for Innovation in the Polish Economy.”

The session “Innovation in the Copper Industry” included reports concerning copper ore dressing, and pyrometallurgical and hydrometallurgical extraction. Prof.

A. Wieniewski of the Institute of NonFerrous Metals, who spoke about copper ore dressing, presented the institute’s achievements resulting from its long cooperation with KGHM Polska Miedź SA, including a technology for the production of concentrates with a varied content of organic carbon, pressure filtration technology, new generation IF series flotation machines, and hydrocyclones, developed in conjunction with ZAM Kęty, for the classification of copper ore in the crushing process. The report by Prof. G. Krawiec of the Institute of NonFerrous Metals was about pyrometallurgical extraction. He spoke about the launch in 2016 of the world’s biggest flash smelting furnace at the Głogów copper smelting plant to replace shaft furnaces. The solution, unique on a global scale, was developed by teams of Huta Miedzi Głogów, Bipromet SA and the Institute of Non-Ferrous Metals. New technologies now being developed under the sectoral programme called CuBR will be important for the Polish copper industry.

Among them is an innovative technology for removing copper from flash smelting furnace slag and a new method for treating and utilising process gases from shaft furnaces in the Legnica copper smelting plant. As regards hydrometallurgical extraction, K. Leszczyńska-Sejda of the Institute of Non-Ferrous Metals presented innovative technologies for the electrorefining of copper anodes obtained from recycled materials, a method for lowering the content of silver in cathode copper in the electrorefining process, a technology of copper electrorefining with the use of acid-resistant steel cathodes and a technology for the recovery of rhenium, a valuable metal used in the aerospace, nuclear and arms industries.

“Innovation in the Zinc and Lead Industry” was the topic of reports by M. Indyka, president of HC Miasteczko Śląskie SA (zinc smelting plant), and L. Stencel, director for smelting at ZGH Bolesław SA. President M. Indyka spoke about innovative solutions applied in the years 2012-2017 in the ZGH Bolesław corporate group, of which HC Miasteczko Śląskie SA is a member. A total of PLN400 million was set aside for the projects, of which the most important were the construction of a new electrolytic tank plant and oxide washing plant, the expansion of the

Waelz process for the recycling of steel mill dusts, the second stage of the zinc rectification project, and the construction of a flotation waste processing plant. L. Stencel spoke about technology and product innovations at ZGH Bolesław, namely the use of zinc oxides in zinc production in the electrolysis process, the flotation enrichment of slimes obtained in the process of roasted ore leaching, progress in the construction of the new automated electrolytic tank plant and new types of alloys for use in galvanisation. K. Cichy of the Institute of Non-Ferrous Metals presented new technological solutions for zinc and lead ore processing, developed by the Institute in cooperation with industrial partners. The solutions include a technology and facilities for the processing of flotation waste at ZGH Bolesław, the introduction of galena flotation method in the grinding process, a waste-free technology for the processing of tailings in the Bytom area with the recovery of concentrates for the production of zinc and lead, and the development of a new system for the flotation of slimes obtained in the process of roasted ore leaching. R. Prajsnar of the Institute of Non-Ferrous Metals presented innovative solutions in the metallurgy of lead developed by the Institute in conjunction with industrial partners. He stressed a major progress achieved in the modernisation of the Polish lead smelting industry in terms of equipment: modern plants for the mechanical processing of waste batteries, rotary furnaces for the production of secondary lead (Orzeł Biały SA, Baterpol SA), modernised rotaryrocking furnaces for the processing of copper smelter dust (HM Głogów and the Institute of Non-Ferrous Metals Legnica Division), and new lead refineries (Orzeł Biały SA and HM Legnica). The lead smelting and refining processes and processes for the recovery of associated metals were optimised or replaced with new ones.

At the session “Innovation in Aluminium Processing,” Prof. A. Mamala of the AGH University of Science and Technology reported on contemporary trends in the advanced processing of aluminium and its alloys for the power sector. He said that 2004 marked the beginning of the economic pressure to replace copper with aluminium and in this context spoke about challenges facing the aluminium sector in terms of new materials and products dedicated for specialised applications in the power industry. P. Rutecki of Impexmetal spoke in his report about the application of aluminium in the automotive industry, an economically important sector where this metal is used.

Entitled “High-Strength AlMg Alloys with an Elevated Content of Magnesium above 5%,”

the report concerned the innovative AlMg alloy of very high strength (VHS) intended for structural car parts.

New technological and material solutions for application in many industries were presented at the session devoted to “Innovation in Copper Processing.” They include copper-based conductive materials and products for railway traction systems and overhead power lines; and alloys intended for antibacterial touch surfaces. The technologies have been developed by a team led by Prof.

T. Knych of the AGH University of Science and Technology and presented at the session

by Prof. A. Mamala. In turn, B. Juszczyk, PhD, spoke about technologies developed by the Processing Technology Department at the Institute for Non-Ferrous Metals as part of NCBR-funded projects. She presented the following projects: “Copper-Based Materials with Ultra-Fine-Grained and Amorphous Structure for the Production of Conical Liners for Application in the Mining Industry,” “Flux-Cored Wires for the Laser and Plasma Treatment of Surfaces and Additive Technologies,” “Laser Shaping of the Structure and Properties of the Surface Layer of Copper-Based Contact Materials,” and “Recycling of Low Quality Copper and Copper Alloy Process Waste.”

Another topic raised at the conference was “The Recycling of Non-Ferrous Metals.” The session was led by Prof. A. Chmielarz. director of metallurgy of the Institute of Non-Ferrous Metals. The reports presented at this sessions were devoted to: recycling in the non-ferrous metal industry (J. Kozłowski, IMN), recycling of lithium-ion batteries (D. Lewandowski, IMN) and recycling of critical metals using the example of neodymium and tantalum (S. Pietrzyk, AGH). Additionally, J. Szafraniak of IGMNiR presented the assumptions and the implementation of the sectoral programme InnoRecykling while J. Okońska-Kubica of the Waste Management and Recycling Cluster spoke about the guidelines for the flagship programme Polish ReMaterials.

For the first time the conference was devoted to the innovation problems and topics across the entire non-ferrous metal industry, including the commitment of the companies operating in the sector to innovative projects, the implementation of projects supported by the NCBR and the European Programme Horizon 2020, strong cooperation between businesses and research units, in particular the Institute of Non-Ferrous Metals, Faculty of Non-Ferrous Metals AGH University of Science and Technology and companies providing design services (Biproment and AMK), and the high efficiency of new technologies, products and equipment.

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From Polish R&D Sector

MORE SCIENCE THAN EDUCATION PROF. PIOTR WĘGLEŃSKI, co-creator and long-standing Director of the Centre of New Technologies at the University of Warsaw (CeNT UW), talks to Jerzy Bojanowicz.

How was the CeNT UW created?

During my stay in the USA, while working at the MIT and Harvard University, I had the chance to take a closer look at the work of institutes which are not so much focused on education as on scientific research. I decided that the University of Warsaw could afford to establish such a unit. The UW Senate adopted the resolution on establishing the CeNT in 2011. We succeeded in obtaining EU funds, and our project, worth PLN286.9m, was co-financed with PLN229.6m. The Ministry of Science and Higher Education and the Mazowieckie Province Government have also contributed to the development of CeNT UW. We allocated the acquired funds to have a state-of-the-art building constructed and to provide basic equipment, such as high-capacity computers, mass spectrophotometers, electron microscopes, and other high-cost devices. The equipment is also used by staff of other UW units, the Medical University and Institutes of the Polish Academy of Sciences which are based within the Ochota Campus area, the largest hub in Poland for scientists practising in mathematics and life sciences. We are currently counting on the purchase of a comprehensive flow-cytometry station by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education.

The recruitment of research teams began shortly after the building was completed. Laboratory space was provided to scientists with a long history of scientific achievements who had contributed research grants to the CeNT, allowing the employment of research team members, the purchase of materials and research services, participation in scientific conferences etc. The CeNT currently employs over 100 scientific and technical staff members, including over 40 professors. The CeNT is not running programmes addressed to undergraduate students. It is a place where MSc and PhD dissertations are prepared. We are mainly supported by grants, which we successfully obtain from the National Science Centre and the National Centre for Research and Development, but we also use EU funds, which are more difficult to come by.

PM

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The Centre conducts interdisciplinary research comprising such fields of study as biology, chemistry, physics and IT. Which field is the most prominent?

The activities of the CeNT are currently dominated by biotechnology, which is being dealt with by joint teams of specialists in biology, medicine and chemistry. We also have a team run by Prof. Konrad Banaszek – a physicist specialising in optics – who received a grant from the Foundation of Polish Science for the establishment of the Centre for Optical Quantum Technologies, with the University of Oxford as its strategic partner, and a grant within the TEAM programme for the development of new methods of detecting and modulating optical signals for communication purposes.

Prof. Agnieszka Chacińska, who has been Director of CeNT UW since 2017, also obtained a significant grant. In turn, a team run by Prof.

Krystian Jażdżewski is performing gene tests aimed at identifying increased risks of neoplasms. Many people are interested in undergoing such tests. Professor Jażdżewski has been a finalist in this year’s edition of the Polish Business Council Award.

Special attention should be paid to the achievements of Prof. Jacek Jemielity, Prof. Joanna Kowalska and Prof. Zbigniew Darżynkiewicz, who are the inventors of an anti-cancer vaccine. In November 2016, Sanofi and Roche purchased the licence for its application, paying out USD400m each, but the money went to BioNTech, a biotechnology company based in Mainz (Germany) which had purchased the invention for a substantially lower price, but had also carried out the clinical trials which proved the effectiveness of the vaccine. The University of Warsaw could not afford trials costing EUR20-30m. Under the agreement entered into between the University and the above-mentioned company, we are entitled to a 3% share of the profits from the sale of the vaccine. The creators of the vaccine were announced in the final of the European Inventor Award 2018, a competition organised by the European Patent Office, featuring PM

scientists from all over the world. Information on the vaccine also attracted the attention of our politicians ... ... I am not surprised - the invention is considered one of the most notable scientific research commercialisations in Poland!

Dorota Pawlak, PhD, who was our staff member until recently, and who is currently employed by the Institute of Electronic Materials Technology and with the UW Faculty of Chemistry, sold her invention to the US Department of Defense several years ago. It is a material used for covering the surface of aircraft, which makes them undetectable to radars.

As you can see, our teams can make a difference. Numerous spin-offs, which are running successful activities on the Polish market, have been established at the CeNT. PM

How is cooperation with international science centres initiated?

It is mainly the outcome of networking activities during international conferences and symposia.

PM

And what are you currently working on?

I am studying ancient animal DNA, and its evolution since the Pliocene epoch. I visited Peru twice for this purpose. I am running a research group dealing with paleogenetics and biotechnology. I am the Head of the Laboratory of Paleogenetics and Conservation Genetics.

PM

The scientists you have mentioned are also heads of laboratories. The Centre houses nearly 30 laboratories. Do they carry out commercial research commissioned by third-party entities?

Yes, of course. For example, the Władysławowo Commune ordered research on several endangered fish species living in the Bay of Puck. We carried out genetic analyses and selected sturgeon populations whose fry was used for stocking Polish waters.

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Faculty of Management

From Polish R&D Sector

University of Warsaw

The world is changing fast We educate managers to be ready for the future We have highly praised international accreditations confirming the quality of education: EQUIS, CEEMAN, 5 PALMS, AMBA, AASBI We have the longest record of teaching Management in Poland We are No.1 in the national faculties of economics ranking We win in international rankings of business universities. The Eduniversal ranking: - Master's degree in Marketing – 1st place in Eastern Europe - Master’s degree studies in Finance and Accounting were ranked 2nd place in Eastern Europe - Master’s degree studies in Human Resource Management – 2nd place in Eastern Europe - Master’s degree in Business Consulting – 7th place in world ranking - GlobalMBA Studies – 2nd place in Eastern Europe - International Business Program (in English) – 3rd place in Eastern Europe - Executive MBA Studies – 2nd place in Eastern Europe

Our graduates are in a group of specialist which is most wanted by employers Our studies: BACHELOR AND MASTER (full-time, part-time) in fields of: - Management - Finance, Accounting and Insurance - International Business Program – Master’s studies in English DOCTORAL (full-time, part-time) - in management sciences - in economic sciences - in finances POSTGRADUATE (part-time) – over a dozen of courses www.wz.uw.edu.pl rekrutacja@wz.uw.edu.pl

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From Polish R&D Sector

MADE IN POLAND

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oland as a country is characterised by a unique geographical location, immense and valuable natural resources, as well as human capital of incalculable worth. The contemporary global powers, such as China and America, have huge financial capital and business experience. From this follows the unique historically-conditioned need for the Polish community abroad to cooperate with their compatriots. The inclusion of Poland into the global commerce system is becoming a matter of priority.

This is also the priority of our professional activity. We are engaged in the development of technology in strong cooperation with prominent scientific units, as well as industry and the capital market. The twenty years of our activity have made us aware of Poland’s huge technological potential. We are often asked whether it is worth developing one’s business activity in Poland, and whether you can become successful here. Yes, you can. We assume that, if our activity is continually growing and penetrating the global market, the world’s every door is undoubtedly open to Polish technologies. We owe a lot to the National Centre for Research and Development, with which we have carried out

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ELŻBIETA JAMROZY and ARTHUR BREAK, Break Ingenuity-International Institute of Technology

a great number of valuable contracts, in the form of investment projects and mechanisms, such as Venture Capital Funds. They have allowed us to spread our wings and bring our start-ups to the global market.

The history of our activity is made up, inter alia, of: • 3 Venture Capital Funds • 5 Research and Development Centres • 3 Technology Accelerators • 3 Technology Incubators • 79 start-ups • Over 500 R&D and investment projects • the Science and Technology Park at the National Centre for Nuclear Research • Over 40 laboratories • Over 20 SMEs • 3 production companies • 5 advisory companies • Over 15,000 IP, technological, global market and geostrategic analyses • Over PLN 2 billion of funds awarded for investments in technology • Over PLN 150 million of funds invested in the development of technologies and start-ups • Over 25 implementations and commercialisations, also in the global market

We have seen that Polish technical and technological solutions, as well as Polish bold scientific concepts are very well respected and appreciated all over the world. This is why we are expanding the scale of our activity from local to global. We have become a Content Partner of the largest Technology Accelerator worldwide – the Cambridge Innovation Centre from Boston – in the area of the design, launch and management of two international technological HUBs: Food for Health and New Materials. We would like to invite the Polish community abroad to join this gigantic international venture. We will develop both technological HUBs to the rank of Global Accelerator, with special participation of Polish communities from all over the world. This is our priority and mission for the next couple of years.

Bearing in mind that the Chinese are, similarly to what Spaniards and the Portuguese once did, changing the world with their One Belt, One Road project, when designing both HUBs, we are thinking about the new geopolitical order which is being created before our eyes. When we were in Singapore, we realised that the key to Singapore’s success in the last 50 years has been its port. When Asia started to bloom, the port became the most important in the world. Some countries, such as Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Iran, India and China, will now develop and flourish thanks to the emerging infrastructure and modern technologies. Poland has a great chance to become “Europe's Factory” and a strategic part of the world’s largest project.

The US President, Donald Trump, has begun the trade war with China by imposing steel and aluminium tariffs, coupled with sanctions on Iran. In response, China continues to carry out that venture. The world is at the brink of the biggest economic war in human history. Just as Poland regained its independence after the First World War, it can now regain independence as regards raw materials and technology, from which every party of the ongoing economic conflict will probably want to draw. Under these circumstances, Poland, similarly to Korea, may evolve into a global technological player. •

From Polish R&D Sector

ARE ALL WATERS EQUAL? We tend to ask this question, but the real one is whether we know the right answer...?

MICHAŁ FIJAŁKOWSKI, Managing Director at Jantar Wody Mineralne Sp. z o.o.

T

hat is why I am going to develop this topic and find a suitable reply. Let’s start by explaining the structure of the water molecule – it consists of 2 hydrogen atoms and an oxygen atom.

If we are considering only one water molecule (H2O) – all the elements are alike. However, if we compare two water molecules which have been saturated by different elements, those molecules will not stay the same. In my professional career, I have often heard that “water is just water – it’s wet and there is nothing to discuss”. I have to say that this kind of reasoning is far from being correct and, moreover, it may lead to a number of medical problems.

Water is of major importance to all living things – when it comes to adults, 60-70% of their body weight comes from water. Up to 75% is responsible for the body weight of children and up to 80% of newborn babies. Without water our bodies would not work properly as it carries nutrients for human cells. What is more, water is responsible for metabolic processes which could not happen otherwise. It is believed to be diluent. It means that nutrients, hormones, enzymes and other substances are dissolved in water and carried further.

Water is responsible for maintaining the right and stable temperature of our bodies. In addition, it must be said that it would not be possible for our bodies to produce new cells and tissues without water. Those four functions of this life-giving fluid clearly show that either a human being or any other organism cannot survive devoid of water.

So now you are propably wondering what water you should drink on a daily basis. Let’s choose water which does not contain any heavy metals, pesticides, nitrites, nitrates, radioactive elements (radium, radon, uranium) or alfa/beta radiation. All of those substances have a harmful effect on our health. Besides, their emergence equals environmental pollution. Some part of them appear in natural world conditioned by geological structure of some rocks.

WHY IS IT WORTH TO CHOOSE JANTAR WATER?: • it is medium-mineralized, • as chloride-sodium water it quickly and effectively hydrates the body, • it has a proper level of sodium, potassium and chloride, which helps maintaining

water and electrolyte balance. It is crucial especially during physical exertion, • it is characterized by an excellent potassium/sodium ratio (it is close to a recommended electrolyte levels in plasma concentration testings), • it supports functioning of a sodiumpotassium pump, • it contains HCO3 hydrocarbons that are great for athletes as they improve the absorption rate of calcium and magnesium, • it has an alkaline pH of 7,4– it counters the effects of acidification, • it does not contain heavy metals or pesticides, • it does not show any isotope concentration of radium, radon and uranium, • it does not have alfa/beta radiation, • it does not contain any chemical sub• stances and preservatives.

The article comes from Harmonia Magazine – May/ June 2017 issue, “Czy woda wodzie równa” (“Does water equal water”).

MICHAŁ FIJAŁKOWSKI – sociologist, healthy lifestyle and healthy food aficionado, Managing Director at Jantar Wody Mineralne Sp. z o.o., Kołobrzeg, a producer of mineral waters.

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From Polish R&D Sector

OUR BONES AND JOINTS ARE CALLING FOR SYSTEMIC CHANGE IN HEALTHCARE PROF. KRZYSZTOF KWIATKOWSKI, Head of the Orthopaedics and Traumatology Clinic, the Military Institute of Medicine The summer holidays are here, and, as we know, more traffic accidents happen at this time of year. Unfortunately, even without this, Poland is very high in the world rankings in this category. Can you see, from your perspective and experience, why there are so many accidents in Poland?

I regret to say that we indeed are leading the rankings of traffic accidents and related deaths.

However, considerable progress has been made in this respect. Just six years ago, about 6,000 people died every year on Polish roads. According to data for last year, this number has dropped to about 3,500. Still, in my opinion, this is connected with the changing culture of driving and technological advancement in cars.

Each year, as soon as the snow melts, motorcycle riders become active. If we went to a trauma department now, you would see at least five victims of motorcycle accidents. In such cases the injuries are very extensive and complicated. At around the same time the roads become filled with bicycles – here injuries are usually in the upper part of the torso. When the winter season comes, winter sports enthusiasts come flocking. Skiers usually arrive with broken legs and snowboarders with broken arms…

PM

…a lot of work all the year round.

This creates a huge financial burden. We apply the best methods of surgical treatment and use state-of-the-art implants. The costs of such treatment are usually incommensurate with the funds we receive from the National Health Fund. The incidence of injuries is so high now that we are unable to admit all PM

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patients. Even the operating rooms are a problem. They also need time between surgeries, a moment to “rest”. For epidemiological reasons, it is not possible to operate on a patient immediately after operating on another. The threat of post-operative infections increases with the number of surgeries performed in a given operating room. We are in a special area known as the Trauma Centre. It is our duty to admit all patients with multiple injuries to the locomotor system and injuries to multiple organs. The helipad and the possibility of transporting patients from remote locations also affects the number of admitted patients.

Social exclusion is also an issue. An elderly person who is unable to move around without help becomes isolated from the outside world…

This only accelerates dementia. Such patients usually lose the ability to perform very simple everyday activities. That’s why we’ve adopted a rule that early in the treatment elderly patients should inform doctors on whether they have someone who will take care of them after the surgery. Unfortunately, it is often the case that the family can't look after such a person.

PM

Is there any systemic solution which could alleviate this problem?

The healthcare system has become centred on two specialities in which the number of patients can be nearly unlimited but funds will not be depleted. The first of these is ophthalmology, and specifically the treatment of cataract. The second is the prosthetics of joints of the lower limb, knee and hip joints. Separate funds have been allocated to those two fields. I’m afraid nothing has changed in the availability of treatment in my speciality. We are still dealing with treatment costs which are underestimated by the National Health Fund and must be compensated for. Unfortunately, the number of patients is constantly growing and we are unable to treat them all. There is much to be done, including in the sphere of creating institutional guarantees for post-operative physical therapy, especially for elderly peo• ple.

PM

Another trend, this time a positive one, but fraught with challenges, is the increasing longevity among Poles. How is this reflected in your work?

One third of all patients in trauma departments have injuries caused by locomotor disabilities related to age and locomotor disorders associated with osteoporosis. These are usually injuries caused by falling – broken arms, hip bones and spinal fractures. The greatest challenge which, sadly, has not really been taken into account by the system, is that injuries affecting the mobility of patients can cause complications, including mental disorders, in elderly people. We observe problems with cerebral ischaemia and psycho-organic syndromes. Unfortunately, such patients do not receive any post-operative institutional care in Polish conditions. If their family can’t look after them, their chances of normal rehabilitation are minimal.

PM

From Polish R&D Sector

AS THE WORLD DEVELOPS, PATIENTS’ EXPECTATIONS GROW PIOTR WYCHOWAŃSKI, physician and dentist, owner of Wychowański Stomatologia, PhD in the Holistic Clinic and the Department of Oral Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, talks to “Polish Market”.

You have recently been awarded with the Teraz Polska Polish Promotional Emblem for implementing “Non-invasive methods of immediate implantation”. What are the characteristics of this method, and how is your dentistry clinic different from others?

Currently many people carry out dental implant procedures. The community is even debating the issue of the skills and authorisations which should be required of physicians practising the discipline, because implant placements are performed by individuals with very limited professional experience and with only basic dentistry skills. This is a very controversial situation. Dental implantology is a combination of knowledge and experience, in not only conventional stomatology, but also surgery, prosthodontics, radiology and periodontology. Only with the ability to synthesise knowledge in all the above-mentioned disciplines is it possible to achieve an aesthetic and permanent result of treatment.

Our facility’s advantage is the combination of superior services with continuous cooperation with the world of science and research, resulting in the constant development and innovation of our services. It should be borne in mind that patients’ expectations are growing, together with the development of other domains of the economy and social life. This applies both to the aesthetics and durability of dental treatment, but in particular to the quality of life, and to following a healthy lifestyle. Our major asset is the ability to operate in the R&D environment, and the fact that we have implemented novel methods in our clinics as the first, or among the first, in Poland. This results mainly from our strong presence in the academic community – both in Warsaw and abroad. We cooperate with the University of Arizona and the Harvard School of Dental Medicine. Together with the latter we have carried out and released research providing a basis for our team to perform unique procedures of cutting-edge noninvasive dental implant placements.

PM

PM

What practical benefits do the research results bring to ordinary patients?

From the clinical perspective, there are three major implantology development directions. The first of them is a substantial reduction in treatment time. Today this is a very important aspect. Therapies with a treatment period of eighteen months are not positively received by patients. Another direction is the ability to approve for treatment those patients who have a worse state of health as compared to what was possible before. Previously many patients did not qualify for implant placement due to systemic diseases and related medications. Our patients are usually not among the youngest, and therefore often have a medical history. Implantology practised by us is safe and available to them despite these concerns.

The third barrier which often disqualifies patients for implant placement is the lack of sufficient bone volume. An implant is a prosthesis – a screw which needs to be placed in the patient’s bone tissue. Creating a bone volume where it is insufficient is an important research direction of contemporary implantology.

The non-invasive implantation methods for which we received the “Teraz Polska” promotional emblem respond to all the three challenges faced by contemporary implantology.

They make it possible to reduce overall treatment times and use the existing bone volume, and increase it when necessary. At the same time, the limited area covered by the procedure and the preservation of the patient’s tissue make it possible to apply the therapy to people with a low pain threshold, and to those who are unable to undergo comprehensive surgical procedures due to their poor state of health.

You mentioned that standard therapy lasts on average eighteen months. Why this long?

In the standard treatment protocol, if the patient loses a tooth, it is required to wait six PM

months for the alveolar bone healing. After that, the bone is reconstructed with the use of various augmentation procedures, which takes 6 to 9 months. Next, the implant is put in place, and another 3 to 6 months are needed for the healing process.

How do you reduce therapy time?

We have introduced the so-called socketpreservation method. To put it simply, we do not allow the bone to atrophy. Using standard methods, after tooth extraction the patient’s bone-volume loss exceeds 60%. We try to supplement part of the bone and to stimulate its healing. Thanks to this we are able to almost completely eliminate the first and the second stages I mentioned before.

PM

You have been present on the market since 1993. Your academic career has been going on this long. This year it’s the 25th anniversary. Apart from teeth, what are the common elements between your dentistry practice in 1993 and now?

There is one common aspect, in addition to teeth, which will probably never change, and this is our pursuit of development. 25 years ago I was absolutely fascinated with the then innovative inventions. I made attempts to implement them in practice so that Polish patients could benefit from them. Today it is similar. I can observe continuous dynamic development in dentistry. The period in question was a transition from the regional league to one where we can compete with our colleagues from around the world. Now Polish people do not need to go abroad to obtain world-class dentistry services. We have access to them at home. In fact, patients come to us from abroad, choosing our country not only based on the price criterion but because of the high quality of treatment which we guarantee. I hope that in 25 years I will be able to answer this question in the same way.

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From Polish R&D Sector

MĄDRZY CYFROWI, AN EVENT SUPPORTED BY "POLISH MARKET" The ABCXXI – All Poland Reads to Kids Foundation, well-known for its campaigns promoting reading and projects fostering smart parenting, in cooperation with Google.org, has initiated a wide-ranging programme entitled Mądrzy Cyfrowi (Digitally Smart), addressed at sixth- and seventh-graders all over Poland. It is aimed at teaching moral values to and boosting the digital competences of students through participation in social projects. The pilot stage of the programme is currently in progress, with 34 schools participating. "Polish Market" talks to IRENA KOŹMIŃSKA, President of the ABCXXI – All of Poland Reads to Kids Foundation, President of the Steering Committee of the Mądrzy Cyfrowi project, co-author (with Elżbieta Olszewska) of the book “Z dzieckiem w świat wartości” (How to Introduce Children to the World of Values”) and co-creator of the Foundation’s online courses centred on moral values.

What is the story behind the fact that your Foundation, which has been promoting reading and everyday moral values for years, was the first NGO in Poland to establish cooperation with Google.org, the charity branch of Google?

In today's life nobody can live or work without smartphones or the Internet any more.

Teenagers have never seen a world without electronic media. The benefits of digitisation are very clear – new technologies make it easier to meet people, facilitate work, save time, and provide access to otherwise unreachable information and places. And yet new technologies are just tools. It is ourselves, the users, who decide how and for what purpose we use them. This is the moment when we need an “inner GPS” of our own, a system of rules and character traits to help us make the right decisions. We need to ensure that the online world upholds the same moral values, as we cherish offline – responsibility, honesty, respect for oneself and one another, moral courage, and wisdom. If we want to ensure a safe, healthy and happy life for the current and future generations, digital competences must be accompanied with responsible social attitudes.

The Mądrzy Cyfrowi Programme was launched in June 2018 at a conference held in Warsaw attended by Jacquelline Fuller, VP, Google, and President of Google.org. Its guests included head teachers and teachers PM

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from the primary schools which had joined the pilot project. The teachers then attended an online course on moral values and were provided with materials for conducting summer courses for schoolchildren.

Over 5 days of activities in July and August, schoolchildren and participants in the Mądrzy Cyfrowi programme were introduced to the world of moral values, and new technologies to be used for conducting social projects in their environments when the school year begins. The teaching aids, as befits a foundation which promotes reading, included literature – a book entitled “Gorzka czekolada i inne opowiadania o ważnych sprawach” (“Dark Chocolate and Other Stories About Important Matters”) for schoolchildren and a guide “Z dzieckiem w świat wartości” (“How to Introduce Children to the World of Values”) for teachers.

The first school to join the Mądrzy Cyfrowi programme, which ran the course as early as in July, was Primary School No. 81 in Łódź. Its head teacher, Bożena BędzińskaWosik, a member of the Programme’s Technical Team, said: “I am delighted by this project.

We are going to create a year-long curriculum centred around moral values. Our children are already digital, but now they will also be smarter!”

Asked about what they had expected from the summer course, the children from the

Łódź school said that they had thought it would be boring, or only about electronics.

Yet, the activities turned out interesting, and their main subject involved values, which proved to be a fascinating, underestimated, and often poorly understood field. They agreed that the activities under the Mądrzy Cyfrowi programme should have lasted not just one but two weeks!

After the pilot stage, the main Mądrzy Cyfrowi programme will be launched across Poland, at ten times its current size. All interested schools can register on madrzycyfrowi.pl.

The Programme Council for Mądrzy Cyfrowi, which supports the Foundation in developing the programme, includes Dominik Batorski, PhD, sociologist, ICM UW; Prof.

Tadeusz Gadacz, PhD, philosopher, AGH, Kraków; Verónica Gebhardt, Google for Education; Agnieszka Hryniewicz-Bieniek, Country Director at Google Poland; Teresa Jadczak–Szumiło, PhD, psychologist, ITEM, Żywiec; Marek Kaczmarzyk, PhD, biologist, neurodidactic specialist, UŚ Katowice; Jacek Królikowski, President of the Information Society Development Foundation; Prof. Jacek Pyżalski, PhD, educationalist, UAM Poznań; Prof. Anna Giza-Poleszczuk, PhD, sociologist, UW; Prof. Tomasz Szlendak, PhD, sociologist, UMK Toruń; and Jędrzej Witkowski, PhD, President of the Center for Citizenship • Education.

VIII EDITION

CYBER SECU RITY Part I - pages 76-89 Part II - next edition of “Polish Market”

Cybersecurity

RELIABILIT Y AND CYBERSECURIT Y IN THE AGE OF INDUS TRY 4 .0

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he Internet of Things, automation of industrial processes, data processing and many other phenomena that bring new technologies are changing the way of functioning of modern enterprises and, indirectly, entire economies, societies and states. We live in a reality where the physical world is entwined with the digital one. It has an impact on many spheres of human activity, including issues related to security. In today’s world, it is not a surprise anymore that, in order to think about security of various systems, including: installations, objects, appliances and services, providing only physical security is not enough. Cybersecurity must be viewed as an equivalent target.

THE CATASTROPHE OF BAKU-TBILISI-CEYHAN PIPELINE THE BEGINNING OF THE STORY On 6 August 2008, approximately at 11 p.m., there was an explosion of the pipeline, close to Erzincan city in Eastern Turkey. The pipeline was put into operation in 2006. The explosion’s shock wave was felt within a radius of half a kilometre. The pipeline staff was notified about the incident after 40 minutes by a guard who was observing the fire on his own. Daily losses were valued at USD 5 million.

According to reports, none of the components of well-equipped security system worked properly. The pipeline as a whole was under supervision of CCTV cameras, pressure and flow of oil sensors, the alarm and information about the fire systems. The parameters were read up to date by the system and transferred to the Head Office via a wireless network or, in the event of communication problems, via an emergency satellite connection. The Turkish government blamed separatist communities for this attack and launched a regular war with them. Three days later, the war in the Caucasus began.

ANDRZEJ KOZAK, PhD, International Federation of Automatic Control (IFAC NOC) The answer to the question, why the Head Office of the pipeline did not receive even a single disturbing signal from the region of explosion, came in the autumn of 2015. A long-lasting investigation revealed that software of one of the computers, responsible for gathering data, was modified. Most likely, the attackers also drowned a satellite communication, which would explain why the sensors did not transmit the parameters via an alternative communication channel. In addition, someone must have deleted the most interesting 60 hours of recordings from the supervision of CCTV cameras.

However, it turned out that one of the cameras, recording infrared image, was attached to a separate network. Thanks to this recording, it is known that a few days before the explosion there were two men strolling along the pipeline, carrying laptops in their hands.

At the same time, according to correlation logs coming from computer systems of the pipeline, someone scanned the ICT pipeline infrastructure. There were several attempts of attack and one of them appeared to be successful. It turned out, that the starting point was the software used by the security cameras for communication purpose. The attackers, after gaining access to the network of cameras, infiltrated the internal network that oversees the pipeline and then, they installed the backdoor software on one of the computers running on the Windows system (the effect of propagation). At this stage, they managed to infiltrate DCS – Distributed Control System, “to blind” an operator and take control over individual valves (the effect of disinformation). Due to the manipulation of the values corresponding to the pressure in given sections, they caused a rupture of the pipeline, leakage, ignition and explosion (the effect of damage in physical assets). The catastrophe of the pipeline sets the beginning of a new era in the history of cybersecurity. It is the era in which digital threats • can diametrically change the real world.

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Cybersecurity

CYBERSECURITY FOR CHEMICAL PLANTS. TOWARDS ROADMAP TO IMPROVE INDUSTRY’S RESILIENCE TO CYBERATTACKS KRZYSZTOF PATUREJ, President of the International Centre for Chemical Safety and Security (ICCSS)

S

ecurity officials have always relied on the "3 Gs" (guns, gates and guards) to protect infrastructure from intrusions, but, increasingly, mechanical systems inside those gates are being linked to computers and controlled via networks and cyberspace. This has left industrial control systems vulnerable to attack. The number of cyber incidents and the sophistication of the attacks have dramatically increased and cyberattacks increasingly target critical infrastructures. They may also hit chemical facilities. This might lead to substantial releases of chemical materials with all sorts of consequences, including loss of lives, (severe) injuries, property destruction, economic damages and ecological repercussions. A large number of chemical facilities and their economic significance make the chemical industry particularly susceptible to terrorist attacks, including cyberattacks.

In Poland, no actions have been taken on the state level, as of yet, to regulate the growing threat of cyberattacks onto industrial facilities. We add to that low priority of cybersecurity in industry, which is a result of lack of awareness of a real threat. We do not have a national centre which coordinates counteractions against cyber threats against industry control system (ICS). Such actions have not yet been taken by industrial organisations either. In the face of cyberterrorism, we use similar approach as in the face of terrorism where we concentrate mainly on physical safety and the management of critical situations, i.e. on actions after the incident.

There is a growing need for the Polish industry to implement comprehensive solutions in the area of cybersecurity.

The currently used commercial solutions offered by providers of automation systems are not only expensive, but they also

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prove to be insufficient for the absolute security of the company. A very common mistake is too much focus on technical matters and disregarding organisational clarity, implementation of adequate procedure and relevant training courses.

The International Centre for Chemical Safety and Security (ICCSS) promotes partnerships in strengthening cybersecurity in the Polish industry. It focuses on gathering and sharing the most recent knowledge in terms of procedures, technical solutions and trainings. We connect the subject of automation with the subjects of security of access and corporate architecture. We share the best solutions in the world thanks to international contacts and partnerships, with an emphasis on cooperation with the US Department of Homeland Security.

The ICCSS promotes the roadmap for raising cybersecurity awareness and responsibility among chemical industry stakeholders. The leading assumption of the roadmap is the statement that the traditional crisis responses are insufficient to meet the challenges resulting from accidents and catastrophes caused by cyberattacks. In order to tackle potential cyberthreats, we need co-operation between all entities (community commitment). Therefore all relevant state agencies, associations of producers and users of the chemical industry, including industry associations, chambers of commerce and social organisations should be the participants in the roadmap.

The roadmap should develop a system of information exchange about cyber threats, as well as a platform for best practices exchanges. An essential aim of the roadmap would be the creation of a cybersecurity culture. Within the roadmap best practices, standards, national and industry capacity building measures, training solutions and exercises, will be developed and • shared.

Cybersecurity

HOW TO PROTECT INDUSTRIAL CONTROL SYSTEMS BEFORE IT’S TOO LATE? SPECIALIZED TRAINING OFFER

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ndustrial Control Systems Cybersecurity is a topic that has recently gained considerable attention in the media. Many companies see this as a growing problem especially at the boundary between corporate IT level and industrial control systems. Until recently, these worlds have been completely separated, but we are increasingly seeing their convergence, for example, through the use of shared protocols and databases. This results in a significant increase in cybersecurity risk, because the ICS world has never been designed for such openness.

The International Centre for Chemical Safety and Security (ICCSS), through its extensive experience, partnerships built, and continued cooperation with the US Department of Homeland Security, has developed a set of training tools for determining the resilience of an organization to cyber-attacks. We approach the topic of cybersecurity in two ways, where each one reinforces each other: 1) Building a proper procedural framework and helping the organization to adapt to growing threats and effectively defend against cyberattacks, and; 2) Implementating of practical tools that help to measure cybersecurity.

After establishing the two above elements, the company could take part in a practical exercise that will show how to respond to a cybersecurity incident. The trainings are of varying length depending on the maturity of an organization and work already done in developing cybersecurity.

PROCEDURAL FRAMEWORK

Cybersecurity should always be based on appropriate procedures. This includes determining appropriate roles in the organization, scope of responsibility, implementation of best practices according to standards such as ISA 62443 and NIST SP800-82 or ISO 27000:1. The ICCSS was the first to translate the CSET tool provided by the US Department of Homeland Security to investigate the vulnerability to cyberattacks based on the above standards. This tool provides a set of questions from over 26 categories regarding corporate architecture (access control, configuration management), and the technical layer (firewalls, network architecture). In the end a report with most important vulnerabilities is generated. The ICCSS has extended this approach with practical aspects that automate many of the issues raised by the CSET programme.

Through the ICCSS training programme an organization can learn how to go through the above software and methodology.

PRACTICAL TOOLS - HOW TO MEASURE CYBERSECURITY?

Going through the questions and identifying vulnerabilities is a long-lasting process that initially does not give identifiable and measurable benefits. Hence, the ICCSS puts a lot of emphasis on the practical aspect and implementation of tools that will help to measure progress. Many companies disregard cyber threats for the simple reason that they do not have feedback on, for example, the number of unidentified hosts on the

network or the amount of data packets sent to unidentified destinations. With the access to practical tools, it is much easier and more interesting to build corporate awareness and strengthen organizational processes in the company.

The most important aspect is that the company making such an analysis does not have to share sensitive information such as network architecture and network traffic with external entities. The whole analysis can be done on the basis of the tools discussed in a group of trusted employees.

BUILDING CYBERSECURITY TOGETHER

After implementing the above solutions, aware employees and managers can identify important cyber incidents. The ICCSS also offers the organization of staff exercises, according to a unique methodology, which will allow investigating how the organization will react in such a situation.

Through demonstrating a model organization based on appropriate procedures and using practical tools ICCSS offers you a unique market solution that will allow you to create a cybersecurity programme in a number of small steps. It will also allow for appropriate scaling of solutions at an organizational level.

The multi-faceted, tailor-made trainings provided by ICCSS thus help to establish or further develop a cybersecurity programme in • an organization.

Contact: Adam Paturej cybersecurity@iccss.eu polish market

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INDUSTRY 4.0, CHEMICAL INDUSTRY 4.0 A REAL REVOLUTION OR A SHORT-LIVED TREND?

TOMASZ ZIELIŃSKI, PhD, President of the Board, Polish Chamber of Chemical Industry

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hen outlining the various aspects of Economy 4.0, it is impossible not to mention its primary designation as the fourth industrial revolution. But is it actually a revolution, or is it another short-lived trend which we are to face? Each sector of the economy in its own way defines, perceives, and implements the principles of Economy 4.0. It is especially in heavy industry, including the chemical sector, where one often seeks the most appropriate fields to apply the principles brought in by the 4.0 reality. The level of advancement and readiness for

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the challenges of 4.0 is different in each sector, and the implementation of its principles largely depends on the specific nature of a given industry.

If we view Industry 4.0 as a trend, especially in the global dimension, we will see how much it is growing in value. And this is exactly what is taking place in the case of the chemical industry, which, without the slightest doubt, can be ascribed the designation of Chemical Industry 4.0.

The chemical industry quickly responds to new trends, which are its opportunity on the one hand,

Cybersecurity and constitute its challenge on the other.

The Chemical Industry, owing to its innovativeness, has always been ready to adapt to change and new trends of development such as the principles of Industry 4.0. Despite the fact that basic definitions focus on the unification of the world of production with the virtual world and information and communication technologies, and that they most often refer only to concepts such as big data, the Internet of Things, automation, and cloud computing, in the case of the chemical industry, we are dealing with a much broader understanding of the concept of “4.0”.

By looking several or a few dozen years back, one can often find a lot of solutions which the chemical industry implemented first. A great many of the solutions nowadays considered as 4.0. have been applied in the chemical industry for many years, simply as actions or processes streamlining production. A good example is the automation of production processes, which certainly reduces the time and costs of production, but also enhances process security. In addition, it is difficult to find another industrial sector which, in such a wide spectrum, implements the principles of 4.0 with a positive impact both on the chemical sector itself and on many other sectors of the economy which are dependent on that sector. The wide variety of the chemical industry makes it both “the benefactor and the beneficiary”. This gives great opportunities for implementing 4.0 solutions, starting from the digitisation of the metering of production processes to the 3D modelling of whole installations and production lines. The chemical industry is also a multi-faceted beneficiary of a wide range of applications, for example, systems supporting decision-making in market analyses in strategic planning and the implementations of processes boosting process and cost effectiveness. This sector also often seeks the best-available technologies and improvements to be made in its operation, not only in reducing costs, but also in being more competitive and able to face greater and greater consumer demands and regulatory requirements. Another significant aspect of Industry 4.0 as regards the chemical sector is cybersecurity. The field which seems to be mainly reserved for or associated with the services sector. For example finance, and the standard protection of data in the virtual world, take on a whole new dimension in the chemical

industry. Many chemical plants are listed as enterprises of special significance to broadly understood national or regional economic security, becoming the object of potential attacks. The cyber protection of such significant enterprises means the safeguarding of both corporate data and key confidential information, and, in the first place, protection against unwanted and uncontrolled attacks on their facilities. Such uncontrolled shutdowns or stoppage of production can not only cause economic losses or environmental pollution, but also endanger human health and life. The elements of Industry 4.0 perceived from such a perspective start to cast the potential of this industry in a different light.

The potential of Industry 4.0 definitely includes opportunities for growth and the strengthening of the competitiveness of the Polish chemical industry, as well as numerous challenges which this sector will need to face. Chemical Industry 4.0 is already an everyday reality, which is why the Polish Chamber of Chemical Industry has launched its own project Industry 4.0 – Chemical Industry 4.0. It is its response to change and new directions for development stemming from implementations of the solutions of the fourth industrial revolution. A special part of the project will be the designation of the so-called support functions, being always the integral part of an enterprise’s operations. However, given the increasing influence of the solutions of Industry 4.0, their significance and role are growing rapidly. These support functions, especially in the era of Chemical Industry 4.0, have become an essential element allowing one to build competitive advantages for the Polish chemical sector.

This project is the first Polish platform of the originators and recipients of modern solutions constituting key links in supporting the chemical industry, determining its growth and competitiveness. The 4.0 project is starting with the “Industry 4.0 – Chemical Industry Conference” to be held on 7-8 November 2018, which will serve as a platform for exchanging experience and presenting innovative solutions as regards the support functions in the chemical industry, as well as for emphasising the most important areas of Chemical Industry 4.0, being the object of further work and support of the Polish Chamber of Chemical Industry for its Members and the whole sector.

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IF WE VIEW INDUSTRY 4.0 AS A TREND, ESPECIALLY IN THE GLOBAL DIMENSION, WE WILL SEE HOW MUCH IT IS GROWING IN VALUE. AND THIS IS EXACTLY WHAT IS TAKING PLACE IN THE CASE OF THE CHEMICAL INDUSTRY, WHICH, WITHOUT THE SLIGHTEST DOUBT, CAN BE ASCRIBED THE DESIGNATION OF CHEMICAL INDUSTRY 4.0.

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SECURITY ROOTED IN ORGANISATIONAL CULTURE ROMAN MARZEC, Security & Internal Control Director, Grupa LOTOS S.A.

COUNTERACTING CBR TERRORISM IN THE CHEMICAL AND PETROCHEMICAL INDUSTRY – AN INDUSTRIAL PERSPECTIVE Grupa LOTOS S.A. has consistently pursued a strategy designed to secure for the company a leading position in the international refinery sector, also with regard to cybersecurity. It has been recognised that the main way towards this goal is the constant development of the company's ability

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to respond to chemical, biological and radiological (CBR) threats, and sharing its vast experience and capabilities in the area of security through: • Effective staff management and process security management, including high security and protection standards; • Process security management system (PSMS); • High level of physical security; • High level of cybersecurity achieved by raising the immunity of the company’s infrastructure to cyber threats and developing a cyber security culture;

Cybersecurity

Active international cooperation – membership in the G7 global partnership working group for chemical security in conjunction with the International Centre for Chemical Safety and Security (ICCSS).

MEETING THE CHALLENGE OF GROWING TERRORIST THREATS – A NEED FOR GLOBAL CHEMICAL SECURITY The dynamic development of the chemical and petrochemical industry and its spread to the regions of the world with little experience in the production of chemicals raise the risk of CBR attacks. It is worth stressing that the critical infrastructure of sectors such as the chemical and petrochemical industry is particularly vulnerable to attacks because of the significant role they play in the economy. Threats in chemical plants / facilities are a challenge to security, but specific measures necessary to deal with this challenge are different for each of the areas of agents of mass destruction (chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear - CBRN).

In this situation, it is necessary to increase security along the whole chain of chemical activities: research, legitimate production, transport and the use of chemicals and energy carriers. As one of the key economic sectors, the industry needs to effectively protect its assets against potential attacks and ensure security to its staff, society and the environment. As part of these measures, it is necessary to focus on constant development, share the best practices and train workers so that the sector is able to meet the challenge of ensuring the security of industrial infrastructure.

CHEMICAL SECURITY – KEY ASPECT IN THE OPERATION OF INDUSTRY The measures used to ensure chemical security have a common goal: the protection of human life and health, and the environment. The introduction of a chemical security culture facilitates a coherent and balanced development, and the application and management of security and protection requirements, including bilateral and multilateral cooperation. The culture equips organisations with mechanisms of response to new external and internal threats. The chemical security culture can be understood as a collection of convictions, attitudes and behavioural patterns, which will strengthen and/or supplement hard tools (equipment) and soft tools (rules and regulations) in their mission aimed at achieving the intended security goals.

CHEMICAL SECURITY – ROOTED IN ORGANISATIONAL CULTURE It is impossible to look into the chemical security culture in isolation from the general organisational culture at the level of individual plants. The relationship between the

security culture and the general organisational culture is a two-way street, in which the security culture may significantly strengthen or weaken the company’s organisational culture.

A comprehensive approach to security means the company’s efforts must go beyond its own structures, which requires actions aimed at relevant external stakeholders.

Cooperation between the company and its partners should be based on values resulting from the security culture internalised by the company.

Improving the security culture is a long process, which requires precise planning and a well-thought-out implementation strategy. Grupa LOTOS S.A. is engaged in a number of initiatives designed to increase its cooperation with key partners.

MORE TRAINING DESIGNED TO HELP COUNTERACT CBR THREATS In conjunction with the ICCSS and leading Polish partners, Grupa LOTOS S.A. has developed a concept of a working meeting/training for the industry in response to CBR threats. The working meeting will include specialist workshops followed by a table top exercise (TTX) to enable incident simulation.

The expected results of the working meeting: • Further development of the programme of best practices in the area of international antiterrorist chemical infrastructure; • Development of a TTX programme in the form of model cooperation among all the stakeholders in the chemical industry, including local communities; • Making information about the latest capabilities and best practices in Poland - including procedures, technical solutions and training - available in the international arena.

PROGRAMME OF THE BEST PRACTICES IN COUNTERACTING TERRORISM UNDER INTERNATIONAL CHEMICAL POLICY (ICFAP) The programme was initiated at the Second Chemical Security Summit CHEMSS 2017. Developed in partnership with Grupa LOTOS S.A., the development programme is internationally coordinated by the International Centre for Chemical Safety and Security (ICCSS).

The programme helps to identify high-risk chemical plants and promotes the development and introduction of voluntary security measures (VSM) in such plants. The goal is to reduce the risk of a release of toxic chemicals, being released, theft and the redirection of chemicals and energy products, which could be used for the purpose of sabotage or pollution.

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INTERNET SECURITY

WATCHMAN IN POLAND

WOJCIECH KAMIENIECKI, DSc, Eng, Director of NASK, talks to “Polish Market.”

NASK is often called the “Internet security watchman in Poland.”

Is it justified to call it that way and what does it mean in practice?

In some sense it is justified because since the beginning we have been among the architects of the Internet revolution in Poland and felt responsible for this process.

Twenty five years ago Poland for the first time established a network connection with the world by means of the Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP), that is through the Internet. The first international TCP/IP connection took place on August 17, 1991 between Rafał Pietrak of the Faculty of Physics University of Warsaw and Jan Sorensen of the University of Copenhagen. The date is regarded as the symbolic beginning of the Internet in Poland. NASK was established at that time on the basis of the scientific community of the University of Warsaw and started to operate as an independent research unit.

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The satellite connection we launched in 1992 – Poland’s “window to the world” – had a data transfer rate of 64 kbps, which in those times was really huge.

Secondly, NASK performs the role of national registry of Internet names in the “.pl” and “.gov.pl” domain. It is an active member of the Council of European National Top-Level Domain Registries (CENTR) and closely cooperates with the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN), the organisation which coordinates the operation of the Internet in the world.

Thirdly, CERT Polska, Poland’s first emergency-response team, has operated within NASK since 1996. The core responsibility of CERT Polska since its inception has been handling security incidents and cooperating with similar teams across the world, both in the area of operating activity, and research and implementation activity. Since 1998

Cybersecurity CERT Polska has been a member of the international forum of response teams (FIRST) and since 2000 it has been a member of the working group of the European response teams TERENA TF-CSIRT and the associated organisation Trusted Introducer. In 2005, on the initiative of CERT Polska, a forum of Polish abuse teams, Abuse FORUM, was set up.

In 2010, CERT Polska joined the Anti-Phishing Working Group, an association of companies and institutions which actively fight Internet crime. Additionally, since 2005 the Dyżurnet.pl team has operated within NASK. It is a team of experts working as a contact point for reporting illegal content on the Internet, especially that related to sexual abuse of children.

The role of NASK has been additionally strengthened by the recently adopted act on the national cybersecurity system. We are now one of the three computer security incident response teams (CSIRT) at national level, alongside the teams active at the Ministry of Defence and Internal Security Agency. We also provide an analytical, and research and development base for the national cybersecurity system.

Polish President Andrzej Duda signed this act into law on August 2 this year and it becomes effective on August 27. The law incorporates into the national legal system the EU directive 2016/1148 of July 6, 2016 concerning measures for a high common level of security of network and information systems across the Union. Will the law introduce a new quality to the Internet in Poland and what role will NASK play in this?

First of all, it is worth stressing that the law on the national security system is the first such piece of legislation in Poland. This means that it introduces a number of new solutions and obligations imposed on both the private sector and the public administration sector. The biggest change is the obligation to report incidents to one of the three national-level CSIRTs. Entities subordinated to the Ministry of Defence are required to notify to the Ministry’s CSIRT, entities identified as critical infrastructure and government bodies notify to the Internal Security Agency’s CSIRT while all the remaining entities report to NASK’s CSIRT, which is based on the resources of CERT Polska. Additionally, every private individual may report an incident to CERT Polska. It is a great change because until the law was adopted incident notification was only obligatory for entities in the telecom sector and under anti-terrorist law provisions.

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What strategic R&D projects is NASK conducting at present?

At present, NASK coordinates a large project called Secure Information Sharing Sensor Delivery Event Network (SISSDEN). It is carried out by a consortium of eight European units under the Horizon 2020 programme.

At the present stage, we can already talk about significant progress in its implementation, including the construction of a worldwide network composed of several hundred passive sensors, which detect attack attempts. Thanks to the collected data, it is possible to keep such entities as national CERT teams and network operators informed about probable infections. The project also includes the development of numerous analytical modules and other tools which help tracing the activity of botnets. The SISSDEN project ends in 2019, but the designed system is already fully active and provides rich data sets. Our goal is to develop this undertaking.

Another large project is the National Cybersecurity Platform, financed by the National Centre for Research and Development (NCBR). Its objective is to integrate security systems used in various institutions and critical infrastructure sectors with the nationallevel CSIRT teams. As a result, it will be possible to obtain constantly updated information about the state of security in Poland’s cyberspace. This will also enable developing a complete system for threat monitoring, imaging and warning.

An equally important area in research conducted by NASK is image analysis. Work is now underway on a system for the identification of persons (BIOWIZ). The goal is to develop a solution able to identify people who have committed a crime on the basis of their image on a photograph or video.

The projects mentioned above are just a few of the dozen or so projects carried out by NASK at present. They point to areas where innovative approach to solving difficult problems can be used. An example of the innovative projects which have already resulted in mature products is ARAKIS Enterprise. Developed and improved by our teams for many years now, it is a system of early warning of cyber threats in enterprises. Another one is BotSesne, a system responsible for the real-time detection of unauthorised e-banking transactions and attempts to take control of a bank account.

It is worth stressing that NASK makes many of its solutions available in the form of opensource software. The solutions are then widely used by teams responsible for responding to cybersecurity incidents across the world. One can find them at CERT Polska’s profile on the github portal.

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THE ROLE OF NASK HAS BEEN ADDITIONALLY STRENGTHENED

BY THE RECENTLY ADOPTED BILL ON THE NATIONAL CYBERSECURITY SYSTEM. WE ARE NOW ONE OF THE THREE COMPUTER SECURITY INCIDENT RESPONSE TEAMS (CSIRT) AT NATIONAL LEVEL, ALONGSIDE THE TEAMS ACTIVE AT THE MINISTRY OF DEFENCE AND INTERNAL SECURITY AGENCY.

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CAN TODAY’S TECHNOLOGIES BE SECURE AND RELIABLE? STANISŁAW TRENCZEK, DSc, Managing Director of the Institute of Innovative Technologies EMAG

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odern companies in such sectors as energy, telecommunications and transport, as well as manufacturing companies and administration units at various levels, greatly rely on broadly understood information technology to achieve operational efficiency. For this reason the security of IT systems is important in nearly all fields of our activity. Digitisation has helped companies to achieve competitive advantage and organisations to provide better services for citizens. The successful use of IT tools, however, also requires the ability to effectively counter threats from cybercriminals, and also external factors such as natural disasters. Fortunately, there are solutions we can use to minimise the risk. Some of these are being developed at, the Institute of Innovative Technologies EMAG. For a decade, the Institute of Innovative Technologies EMAG (in Katowice), has focused on solutions in the field of applied information technology, developing secure and proven solutions for innovation. This applies to techniques, technologies and organisational issues alike. EMAG’s work has led, among other things, to the development of a system which predicts the consequences of ICT crises resulting from both humaninduced and natural phenomena (such as poor weather). The developed solution is a system called OSCAD, designed for companies and institutions in which business continuity and readiness to act are the bases for functioning.

This system is also designed for all entities who hold or process information or resources which require protection. The OSCAD system supports the process of business continuity management according to ISO 22301 (BS 25999), and information security management in line with ISO 27001.

Modern companies and organisations using a variety of IT tools should be aware of

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new threats and risks, such as information theft, forgery, and access blocking, threats arising from the actions of a company’s own personnel – employees conspiring against the company with third parties and leaking information- as well as disclosure using active and passive monitoring. To exclude or minimise the risk of such attacks, reliable security solutions must be employed and supervised. In this respect, the EMAG Institute has also developed a solution. The essential rule applied here is that it is not “limited” but “reasonable” trust. How do you create secure products you can rely on?

Trust is the product of an appropriate design, safety analyses (here termed vulnerability analyses), product testing, and good documentation. EMAG’s solution, CCMODE, is a development environment for designing, developing and maintaining IT products and systems in accordance with the ISO/IEC 15408 Common Criteria. This solution has been designed to directly address the needs of Polish entrepreneurs, constructors and research and development units, creating combined hardware/software solutions and software solutions with reasonable trust in their security components.

EMAG is also the creator of risk-analysis solutions for mass events, floods, and terrorist attacks on transport and energy systems, which are the sensitive areas in the critical infrastructure of entire countries.

During work on the CIRAS project, which is being implemented by an international consortium, we were considering various possible scenarios of attacks on transport and energy systems. ICT security solutions in such systems must be much more effective than other solutions, particularly in crises.

That is why we treat all similar cases as new challenges for our researchers and engineers who work to overcome them.

The EMAG Institute also fits in well with the national control and assessment system for IT products, which is currently being developed by the Ministry of Digital Affairs. Here, in Katowice, and, more specifically, at EMAG, one of only two such laboratories in Poland will be established. Launching the Information Security Evaluation Lab according to the ISO/ IEC 15408 Common Criteria, operating within both domestic and international structures (the SOG-IS and CCRA agreements), is a highly challenging and responsible task. The lab will evaluate the security of IT products in terms of their reliability. The main product groups are smart cards, integrated circuits, and compact security boxes. The key issue in this respect is an analysis of the vulnerability of those products to various types of sophisticated attacks. This requires an innovative approach, tools, organisation, and a completely new set of skills. It is a challenge, as no such laboratories have been active in Poland to date.

EMAG’s recent efforts in this respect include work on a comprehensive and multilevel security system for the Polish cyberspace.

Under the project launched in June 2018 entitled the Regional Cyber Security Centre (RegSOC), model solutions for improving the level of security, and introducing procedures to reduce the probability of adverse events will be developed. Security measures to protect against and reduce the effects of such events will also be developed. The Wrocław Centre for Networking and Supercomputing of the Warsaw University of Technology will host the centre dedicated to public entities, including local government bodies, and EMAG will accommodate the centre for companies.

The services provided in both centres will be complementary to the services of the National Cyber Security Centre (NCCyber) of the Research and Academic Computer Network • in Warsaw.

Cybersecurity

NETWORK TRANSFORMATION AND SERVICE INNOVATION HOMAYOUN RAZAVI, Chief Customer Officer (CCO), Coriant, talks to Krzysztof Witoń.

What key challenges do network operators face today?

In addition to investing in technologies to address today’s explosive traffic growth driven by internet video, cloud, and hyperscale Data Center Interconnect (DCI) applications, operators face the challenge of ensuring their network architectures are prepared to support the next wave of high-capacity and latencysensitive services and applications, including 5G, IoT, VR/AR/MR, next-gen interactive video, autonomous vehicles, and smart cities. Key requirements for network transformation in this new-era digital communications include cost-efficient scalability, multi-layer security, and a new level of end-to-end network automation, programmability, and control enabled by software intelligence. The demands of IoT and 5G and other business-critical applications will also require a new level of ultra-low latency and high data throughput, with Multiaccess Edge Computing (MEC) playing an increasingly critical role in the transformation of traditional Central Office (CO) architectures to support these trends.

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How can network operators address these challenges?

To optimally meet today’s challenges and to be ready for the challenges of tomorrow, network operators need to evolve their networks based on data center principles, virtualizing and distributing network functions while migrating to an IT-like operational environment.

Regional hubs become regional data centers hosting virtualized functions such as Evolved Packet Core (EPC) for mobile and Broadband Network Gateway (BNG) for fixed network access, while core sites become core data centers for less latency-sensitive cloud applications such as email and storage and for backup and other administrative tasks. Edge sites, including PM

central offices and Cable MSO head-ends, evolve to micro data centers, becoming a key competitive asset. Consistent with open networking initiatives such as Central Office Re-Architected as a Data Center (CORD) and 5G MEC, these micro data centers bring the cloud closer to end users in order to deliver a better customer experience for latency-sensitive applications and to better scale IoT applications with very large numbers of connected devices.

What role does Coriant play in helping network operators transform their infrastructure?

Coriant delivers high-performance networking solutions that enable network operators to dramatically reduce Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) while creating the agile, scalable, and resilient foundation for a new generation of revenue-generating services and applications, including 5G/LTE, IoT, Industrial Internet, and Multi-access Edge Computing (MEC).

From multi-service access and mobile backhaul to metro core aggregation and multi-haul optical/DCI transport, Coriant’s multi-layer solutions span a wide range of use cases and network segments. Built upon industry-leading products and technologies, Coriant solutions help network operators meet their business needs and ensure a best-in-class customer experience. Coriant also recognizes that ensuring mission-critical communications and data integrity plays an increasingly critical role for today’s enterprises, government agencies, networks operators, and data center providers. Our solutions are designed to support secure communications and data protection with technologies that include physical layer encryption.

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How has the emerging open ecosystem impacted your business strategy?

With an expanding ecosystem of innovation unfolding in the market and end-user demands changing at rapid pace, network operators can no longer afford to rely on a single vendor alone to meet their service creation needs. In addition, network architectures are evolving to open, disaggregated, and software-driven models that leverage fast innovation cycles and facilitate the introduction of best-in-class products for specific applications.

A partnership approach to end-to-end solution value complements these industry trends by enabling network operators to maximize the business value of breakthrough innovations on top of their underlying network infrastructure.

Earlier this year we introduced our Multi-Sided Platform (MSP) partner program to facilitate a co-creation model and help our customers quickly and efficiently transform cuttingedge technology innovation into new revenue services.

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Homayoun Razavi is Chief Customer Officer (CCO), EVP Global Sales and Chief Digital Marketing Officer (CDMO) responsible for Coriant’s worldwide Sales and digital Marketing.

Homayoun is a seasoned executive leader with 32 years of global public & private company experience managing Engineering, Operation, Products, GTM, Marketing, Business Development, and Sales for a wide-range of technology driven Software, Hardware, Services & Cloud based companies. He has been a successful leader at MCI (Verizon), Cascade, Ascend, Lucent, Laurel, Ditech, and most recently BroadSoft.

Krzysztof Witoń - adviser in the telecom sector, president of HAWE in 2013-2014, Orange Management Board’s proxy for the development of broadband networks, and vice-president and president of Exatel in 2003-2006. polish market

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Are we ready for cyberattacks?

IZABELA ALBRYCHT, Chairperson of the Board, Kosciuszko Institute, talks to Sławomir Dolecki about insufficient awareness of cyberthreats and the importance of cybersecurity.

Until recently cybersecurity was the domain of the banking, military and IT sector. But today the problem has started to concern everyone.

Cyberthreats concern all sectors of the economy in all countries across the world. It is a global problem and challenge for large corporations and small and medium-sized businesses alike because an overwhelming majority of them are connected to the Internet. And not only office equipment, but also machines are connected. One of the biggest challenges is the security of the power industry: of the conventional sector, renewable energy sector and, which is very important, nuclear power plants. At the beginning of the digital era, it was individual hackers who were responsible for attacks, but now there is talk about threats from countries, which use for this purpose their own military resources or commission attacks from specialised hacking agencies. We have examples of such attacks in the United States. The FBI and the Department of Homeland Security have confirmed that since March 2016 Russia has carried out many cyberattacks of various scale on American critical infrastructure, including the power, nuclear, aviation and industrial sectors.

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Why are attacks on critical infrastructure carried out? In the past, a hacker wanted to steal something or prove their skills.

And what is it like today?

There are political and economic reasons because cyberspace is a mirror image of political and economic relations in the world. Cyberattacks of various kind may be a tool used in contemporary wars and the arms race has been going on in this sphere as well. More and more countries want to be able to effectively defend themselves against consequences of a possible cyberattack, but also develop offensive capabilities in cyberspace. This topic has been recently raised by the media in connection with an attempted assassination of PM

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a former GRU officer who had collaborated with British intelligence.

Is it possible for small and medium-sized businesses, for example a plant making footwear, to become a target for a cyberattack?

Cybersecurity is very important wherever there are systems connected to the Internet. For example, every factory uses personal data in its operations and such data are a tasty morsel for hackers because they have their specific value on the black market. This is why there are no secure businesses – all are susceptible to attacks.

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meet security conditions. According to Ponemon Institute, as much as 80% of equipment connected to the Internet is not tested at all for security. In the power sector, the number of cyberattacks increases sixfold every year. At present, one third of all cybercrime affects the power sector. The oil and gas sector – also very vulnerable to attacks – loses USD12.8 million a year. The aviation sector is hit by up to 1,000 major attacks a month. The scale of the problem is huge, but still too little is spent on security measures.

Is it a real problem for ordinary people, or only for business and economy?

This problem concerns all: workers, firms and consumers. It may involve identity theft, theft of personal data, or theft of money from a banking account. Payment cards are widely used these days. They feature a card number with the expiry date on one side and a unique code on the other. If these data fall into unauthorised hands, they may be used to make many online transactions because not all banks use additional authorisation security.

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Discussion about cybersecurity has gone beyond the experts’ community and has become public. Do people already have sufficient knowledge about the problem, or is it merely superficial?

We are learning about cybersecurity every day. Successive threats and attacks always come as a surprise to us because they are the outcome of capabilities, knowledge and modern technologies. It is important to talk about these problems and educate managerial staff.

The education should be ongoing because the regulatory and digital environment is constantly changing. Apart from managers, it is important to educate employees at all levels because man is the weakest link in the whole system.

According to the IBM’s report “Cybersecurity Intelligence Index,” as much as 95% of security incidents result from a human error. Today, everyone should be aware that they may fall victim to a very sophisticated attack. A seemingly ordinary e-mail may be a phishing attempt.

This is how information about companies and their secrets is stolen.

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What is the scale of such attacks?

Related losses to global GDP are estimated at USD600 billion annually. Britain falls victim to 500 major cyberattacks a day, with 92% of the incidents involving the Internet of Things where a large amount of equipment does not PM

The awareness of cyberthreats results from education. Do higher educational institutions educating future managers devote enough time to the threats facing businesses.

The number of such institutions is very small.

We need more specialists in digital transformation, employees with basic knowledge about the threats, and managers, lawyers and political scientists aware of the threats. But this requires a strategic decision on the part of the state. The Kosciuszko Institute is of the opinion that a government education programme should be launched to prepare staff for secure digital transformation in the country.

It is predicted that in 2020 a shortage of IT specialists in the world will reach around 900,000. Poland already has a shortage of around 50,000 specialists. The gap is even bigger when it comes to managerial staff.

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Cybersecurity MORE AND MORE COUNTRIES WANT TO BE ABLE TO EFFECTIVELY DEFEND THEMSELVES AGAINST CONSEQUENCES OF A POSSIBLE CYBERATTACK, BUT ALSO DEVELOP OFFENSIVE CAPABILITIES IN CYBERSPACE.

How to improve the managers’ awareness if the education system is not sufficiently developed in this respect?

Among the factors contributing to growing awareness are new legal requirements. The deadline for transposing into national laws the EU regulation on the protection of personal data (General Data Protection Regulation) and the NIS Directive concerning measures for a high common level of security of network and information systems expired in May this year. These two pieces of legislation impose specific obligations and introduce possible sanctions on businesses, especially the operators of essential services, which means critical infrastructure. Additionally, the EU is working on the proposal to introduce cybersecurity certification.

It will be another set of requirements and standards. On the other hand, it also results from business practice associated with risk management.

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Industry 4.0, as an economic development philosophy, and the Internet of Things, which also involves consumers, are tendencies which cannot be stopped. What will be the biggest threat to their development in coming years?

It will certainly be cyberthreats and consequences of possible attacks. It is estimated that in 2020 there will be 26 billion devices connected to the Internet of Things. 4 billion people will be using the devices on a regular basis. In 2012, around 2% of motor vehicles were connected to the Internet. Next year, their number is expected to account for 90%. The increase in the number of Internet-connected devices is too rapid relative to the preventive measures taken. On the other hand, the Internet of Things and the Industry 4.0 plants need faster Internet connections. It is necessary to build the fifth-generation network, which is a big challenge. The European Union points to the year 2020. Poland has to accelerate this process because we are still at the stage of working out a concept for the development of the 5G network and it is already 2018.

Undoubtedly, we want to use new technologies, but we cannot introduce successive demanding elements to the system as long as the network is not sufficiently fast and adequately secured.

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According to a T-Mobile report on the Polish cybersecurity market, most of those surveyed do not plan to raise their spending on security. The recorded growth of 6-7% indicates that it is an inflation-induced increase rather than investment in new solutions. Is stagnation in the area of security worrying and does it result from insufficient awareness of threats?

One of the main recommendations of the CYBERSEC 2017 conference was the need to increase investment in cybersecurity. The scale of threats should force managers to take more active measures, for example when it comes to educating users of systems. Larger investments in secure hardware and software are needed. It is necessary to work out procedures and additional safeguards. I think that spending on cybersecurity should be increased and this should be done not only by businesses but also public institutions. This issue is absolutely vital if we want digital transformation to be a streak of success rather than failure.

The situation is poor when it comes to education and the same is the case with managers’ awareness. A clear and good strategy is nonexistent and law does not keep pace with new threats. Should we fear the future?

Unfortunately, I am not optimistic. But if we manage to notice and understand these elements there is a chance of changing this negative trend.

We have to start shaping cyberspace consciously, solving these problems strategically and operationally, and talking more actively about behaviour norms in cyberspace, trying to force countries which show hostile • intentions in the cyber world to adhere to international rules.

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IZABELA ALBRYCHT, Chairperson of the Kosciuszko Institute since 2010; since 2014 head of the Organising Committee of the European and Polish Cybersecurity Forum CYBERSEC; co-author of reports, publications and analyses concerning EU policies and international relations. Her research interests include the EU’s institutional system, energy policy, and strategic challenges associated with digital transformation and building a cybersecurity system. In 2017, she was included in the list New Europe 100 Challengers compiled by “Financial Times,” “Res Publica,” Google and the International Visegrad Fund.

The Kosciuszko Institute is a non-governmental non-profit scientific research centre established in 2000. Its mission is to support the socio-economic development and security of Poland as an active member of the European Union and NATO. The Institute specialises in drawing up strategic recommendations and directions for the development of key public policies, providing substantial support to Polish and European political decision-makers. The Institute carries out many national and international projects devoted to security, including energy security, economic security and cybersecurity. It is the originator and main organiser of CYBERSEC, one of the five most important conferences of this kind in Europe, according to the Concise Courses ranking. polish market

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International Relations

THE EMBASSY AND THE FOREIGN TRADE OFFICE: HAND IN HAND

A Foreign Trade Office of the Polish Investment and Trade Agency (PAIH) has recently opened in the Finnish capital of Helsinki. It is a new Polish trade mission in Finland and part of the network of offices run by PAIH, which is a government agency operating under the Ministry of Entrepreneurship and Technology. The most important element of the Agency’s efforts is the promotion of Polish exports. The role of PAIH extends to the supervision of operations on every continent. PAIH’s Offices are part of a new economic diplomacy strategy to boost Polish exports. In Finland, co-operation of the Office with the Polish Embassy is already bringing tangible results. JAROSŁAW SUCHOPLES, PhD, Polish Ambassador to Finland, and TOMASZ ORŁOWICZ, Head of the Foreign Trade Office in Helsinki, tell "Polish Market’s" Rafał Kiepuszewski about how this co-operation works in the case of PolishFinnish economic relations.

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International Relations Expectations for the new Foreign Trade Offices are high since they are meant to enhance Poland’s trade and business links with foreign countries. What role does the Office in Helsinki play, taking into consideration the specific nature of the Finnish market?

Tomasz Orłowicz (TO): Finland is still not an easy place for foreign entrepreneurs. Despite being a wealthy country which has offered many possibilities, for a long time, it has not been really advantageous for foreign businesses. A number of factors including its difficult language, cultural separateness, and also the Finns’ generally defensive attitude – a common characteristic in small nations – has encouraged Finland to be a hermetic country. Therefore, the Foreign Trade Office in Helsinki aims to help to make the local business culture more straightforward for Polish businessmen, and to create effective networks of Polish and Finnish partners. The key element is to develop mutual understanding between the Poles and the Finns.

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And how does the question of Polish-Finnish economic co-operation look from the perspective of Poland’s Embassy in Helsinki?

Jarosław Suchoples (JS): We must remember the nature of the two markets. Finland is an attractive market for Poland, but it is a small market. Poland has a population of 38 million, while Finland has only 5.5 million. But if globalisation is taken into account, even smaller markets should not be neglected because they contribute to the global market. For Finland, our country can be seen as an interesting market because of its size. Poland has much to offer in terms of products and services, which are cheaper for Finns than those offered by other countries, and they are of good quality.

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In the case of the Helsinki office, in what ways is the Polish Embassy providing assistance?

TO: We believe that the secret of successful co-operation is our direct contact. We manage to define the relationship between our two organisations very well, which enables both to achieve good results. If the Embassy can boast of the achievements of the Foreign Trade Office, it is good for the Embassy. If the office also gets support from the embassy, it advantages the office. A success becomes a joint success, and that is what counts. Everybody wins.

Results are not actually the success of one organisation or another – they are Poland’s success. Our basic rule is that diplomacy in the traditional sense is inseparably linked with economic diplomacy.

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What do you do to support Polish exports to Finland?

TO: There’s a lot to be done. So far the volume of trade between Poland and Finland has been quite modest. However, the Foreign Trade Office constantly fields dozens of Polish inquiries and questions concerning their companies entering the Finnish market with their products and services. This is a result of the visibility of PAIH activities worldwide. The Agency does its best to support (by the use of TV, press, social media, participation in international conferences and fairs) the real image of Polish small and medium enterprises as more than adequately ready to conquer foreign markets. In this regard, the sky is the limit. And, PM

the Foreign Trade Office collects – along with the Embassy – and shares knowledge with Polish entrepreneurs relating to the Finnish market. We check business partners, organize meetings for Polish business and government delegations, and assist Polish companies wanting to participate in local fairs and economic events.

JS: The Embassy provides initial contacts with Finnish economic organizations, especially on the regional level.

Here, I want to mention the role played by our honorary consuls. They are all businessmen connected professionally – and more than professionally – with Poland, but firstly, they are pillars of their local communities, and leaders of local or regional business organizations. When I meet with them, for example in Turku, Joensuu or Rovaniemi, they usually organize my meetings with local chambers of trade and commerce, particular companies and businessmen, as well as local authorities interested in economic contacts with Poland. I simply collect their business cards. Later, I hand these to the Head of the Foreign Trade Office, who then develops contacts with people who approached me earlier. Then, everything develops automatically and pragmatically. The Foreign Trade Office provides Polish companies with the possibility of direct contacts with potential Finnish counterparts. It is simple and efficient.

One area which you are now focusing on is sub-contracting. Why is it becoming important nowadays?

TO: Currently, Finnish metal industry companies (shipbuilding, metalworking, the car industry, engineered products such as motors and electronics, production of metals, etc.) develop dynamically. They try to be as competitive as possible. They want to keep the high standard of their product, but they also cut costs. At the same time, Poland is perceived as a country which offers good quality products and services for reasonable prices, as well as skilled and professional labour. A major subcontractor fair is scheduled in Tampere in September. This is a splendid occasion for Polish-Finnish business meetings in this field.

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In what areas would you say cooperation can develop in the future?

TO: Polish food could have a great future in Finland, mostly because Finnish consumers expect healthy products offered by local producers. Polish agriculture is fully compatible with these requirements: our farmers offer a variety of high quality naturally grown products in big quantities. But, real synergy could be achieved, for example, in the cooperation of Polish and Finnish companies from the IT sector. Both sides can develop common projects because they possess respective know-how and experience. This could lead to common commercial success in the longer term as well as in third markets.

JS: Co-operation is possible in practically all areas. To just provide you with one example: several months ago I visited a huge Finnish factory making equipment for the pulp and paper industry. There, I was presented a map showing the Polish plants co-operating with it. I was shocked to find that there were dozens of them. It doesn’t matter whether the Polish partner is big or small. What matters is that co-operation has been established. When there is a product or service in Poland which the Finns need, they strike PM

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International Relations a deal with a Polish company. Again, it is not important whether they order a modest batch of nuts and bolts, or something more sophisticated and on a larger scale. What matters is that this range of products is available in Poland.

If a Finnish company has two hundred Polish partners, it simply means that there is demand in Finland for what we have to offer. There is certainly room in the Finnish market for Polish foodstuffs, textiles and other, more sophisticated products. So far there hasn’t been too much investment either way. On Finland’s part, it is mostly because it is a highly specialised economy. We are looking forward to Poland exporting more to Finland and increasing investment there, and we are doing our best to make it happen.

It seems that Poland has a lot to learn from Finland’s recent technological leap. Poland is now moving toward becoming an innovative economy. In what way can it benefit from Finland’s example?

TO: In the next few years, Poland will have advanced the process of transforming its economy. A low-cost economy is increasingly a thing of the past. Our future is innovation. The Finns have demonstrated how to develop an economy which is knowledge-based, and we can learn from them how to do this. Their knowledge of how to strengthen their wealthier state in modern times can provide, to some extent, a model for Poland. Therefore it is essential to assist those Polish entrepreneurs and local authorities eager to adopt or adapt some of Finland’s experience in Poland, in establishing networks of various Finnish contacts. We treat this task very seriously.

JS: I agree with Mr Orłowicz, and fully believe that this goal can only be reached by close cooperation between the Embassy and Foreign Trade Office. They are, of course separate organisations acting independently. But this does not exclude close partnerships between them. Actually, this gives us even more flexibility in our approach to different problems in two crucial fields: promoting the Polish economic presence in Finland, and attracting Finnish investment to Poland.

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Which Polish goods possess market potential in Finland?

TO: I have already mentioned Polish agricultural products. However, I want to add that, in the longer term, Polish highly processed food can become a market winner and conquer the hearts of Finnish consumers. However, we still need to invest much effort to convince these consumers that such products "made in Poland" are healthy, tasty and good value. A variety of Polish industrial products and components, including yachts, buses, ships, electric engines, machines, in addition to auto parts and chemicals, all enjoy a well-deserved favourable reputation in Finland.

But neither should Polish cosmetics or textiles be forgotten.

JS: Generally speaking, the quality of Polish products is high, an opinion which prevails in Finland; the quality/price ratio is attractive and some internationally recognizable Polish goods are highly valued in Finland. But the Finnish market is competitive and demanding, ergo, our marketing strategy should meet these challenges and take Finnish realities fully into consideration. It is not enough to have good products. They should be rooted in the consciousness of local – Finnish – retailers and consumers. The other question is business outsourcing services to Poland.

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IF THE EMBASSY CAN BOAST OF THE ACHIEVEMENTS OF THE FOREIGN TRADE OFFICE, IT IS GOOD FOR THE EMBASSY. IF THE OFFICE ALSO GETS SUPPORT FROM THE EMBASSY, IT ADVANTAGES THE OFFICE. A SUCCESS BECOMES A JOINT SUCCESS, AND THAT IS WHAT COUNTS. EVERYBODY WINS. RESULTS ARE NOT ACTUALLY THE SUCCESS OF ONE ORGANISATION OR ANOTHER – THEY ARE POLAND’S SUCCESS.

Finnish companies are increasingly interested in cooperation with Polish companies in this regard, and we are aware of the existing potential for its further development.

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There’s been a lot of talk about the need to develop better transport links from Poland across the Baltic States

International Relations to Finland with such projects as Via Baltica and Rail Baltica. These projects largely remain on paper. Can they become a reality?

JS: They seem more realistic than before, some work has already been done to implement them. However, you need dedicated partners to get them off the ground. The Polish government understands how important it is to build this transport infrastructure. It seems that our partners in the Baltic countries are also edging closer toward taking concrete steps. It is not just in the interest of Poland, the Baltic States and Finland but also in the interest of the entire European Union. Economic benefits apart, it will also be great for tourism.

You just mentioned tourism. According to statistics, Finns are the most mobile nation in Europe when it comes to tourism. How can they be attracted to Poland?

TO: The number of Finnish visitors to Poland is growing. There are direct flights from Helsinki to Warsaw, Cracow and Gdańsk, although currently they are not operated by LOT Polish Airlines. From my experience, Finnish travellers are satisfied with their trips to Poland, whether these are weekend breaks or longer trips. They say Poland is a bit of an unknown for them, even though it is so close. And the other way round, many Poles are fascinated

by Nordic landscapes, nature and Finnish culture, so there is plenty of potential in developing two-way tourist traffic.

There should be more flights connecting the two countries, and the Embassy and the Foreign Trade Office will try to convince authorities that they are necessary. It is important for business, too. More and more Finnish businessmen travel to Poland. The same applies to Polish entrepreneurs increasingly visiting Finland.

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Could Finland be a kind of a gateway for commercial activities in neighbouring Russia?

TO: Currently, a lot of Finnish companies sell their products in Russia. But it also needs to be recognised that the thousands of Russians visiting Finland every day also purchase Finnish products in large quantities. Huge supermarkets operating in Finland, immediately adjacent to Finnish-Russian border crossings, have been created to serve Russian customers. These people are coming from Russia, buying different goods in Finnish shops, and returning to their homes over the border.

JS: It is no secret that, for a variety of reasons, it is not straightforward for Polish entrepreneurs to operate directly in Russia. The Finns find it much easier. They have developed ways of co-operating with Russia. This pattern started developing in the 19th century when – under Russian rule – the Finns enjoyed considerable autonomy and were able to develop their country economically. After the Second World War (between 1939 and 1944, Finland twice fought against the Soviet Union), Finland was obliged to pay – in goods rather than with money – enormous reparations to the Soviet Union. The Finns had to develop, specifically for that purpose, whole branches of industry not previously existing in their country. But after the last train loaded with war reparations’ goods crossed the border, Finland was ready to continue sending products to the Soviets.

But from that moment on, they were sold for hard currency.

The Finns successfully turned a difficult situation to their

own economic advantage, something which became a cornerstone of Finland’s economic success from the 1950s to the 1980s. Now, Finland’s expertise in dealing with Russia could prove useful for those Polish-Finnish partnerships ready to venture into the Russian market.

What else would you like to say at the end of our conversation?

TO: The fact that we both have been professionally strongly connected with Finland for many years has given us the necessary experience to operate effectively in this country. I think I can say that we know how to talk with our Finnish friends, and how to promote Poland in this specific social and cultural Finnish environment.

JS: In 2017, Finland celebrated the 100th anniversary of its independence. In this year, 2018, Poland celebrates the 100th anniversary of regaining its freedom after 123 years of foreign occupation. The histories of these two countries in the 20th century were difficult. Nevertheless today, Finland, in many ways, can be a model for the rest of the world.

At the same time, Poland’s economic transition in the last 30 years can also be recognized as a success story. The Finns and Poles know how to work hard and reach their goals.

Therefore, we, in Poland, should not wonder about whether we should co-operate with Finnish partners, but rather, how to deepen our economic relations. We truly believe that together Poles and Finns are able to achieve a great deal in this field. I am sure that we can convert our dreams of • success into a visible reality.

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Photos: Katarzyna Drozd

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Jarosław Suchoples (on the right) holds a PhD in History from the University of Helsinki (2000). Later, he developed his academic career in Germany, Poland, Malaysia and the USA, and was involved in many research projects concerning the history of an independent Finland. In 2017, he was appointed as Ambassador of Poland to Finland.

Tomasz Orłowicz was born in Helsinki. He studied International Trade at the University of Applied Sciences in Kouvola, Finland. For more than 20 years, he has supported Polish-Finnish economic relations. He is one of the founders of the Polish-Finnish Chamber of Commerce. Currently, he is Head of the Foreign Trade Office of the Polish Investment and Trade Agency in Helsinki.

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Events

THE 60-MILLION CONGRESS – A GLOBAL POLONIA SUMMIT On 30-31 August, the G2A Arena – the Exhibition & Congress Centre of the Podkarpackie Province in Jasionka – hosted another 60 Million Congress.

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he idea behind the Congress is to facilitate integration between the Polish and Polish-diaspora communities, as well as to define the current status and nature of cooperation between Polish business, scientific, academic and cultural circles in Poland and abroad. The name of the Congress corresponds to the total number of Poles living around the world. The 100th anniversary in 2018 of Poland’s regaining independence provides an excellent opportunity for members of the Polish diaspora to meet and start a discussion on the current place of Poland in the world, and its position in international relations, especially in economic terms.

The first congress this year, which took place between 9 and 10 February 2018 in Miami, Florida, turned out to be a success, bringing together nearly 200 guests from 11 countries. The Congress participants included Jerzy Kwieciński, Minister of Investment and Development, Senator Anna Maria Anders, Plenipotentiary for International Dialogue, Tadeusz Kościński, deputy Minister of Entrepreneurship and Technology, Lady Bianka Rosenstiel, Honorary Consul of the Republic of Poland in Miami, Maciej Golubiewski, Consul General of the Republic of Poland in New York, Sabina Klimek, Consul, Head of the Trade and Investment Section of the Consulate General in NYC, Paweł Borys, President of the Polish Development Fund, Daniel Kawczyński, a Member of the UK Parliament, and Thaddeus Kontek, a former staff member of the US Department of State. The Congress featured six panel discussions, with more than 45 panellists. The first session dealt with the role of cities and regions in building bridges for economic cooperation between Poland and the Polish diaspora. The other sessions addressed the promotion of Polish culture, arts and sports, the building of the political power of the Polish diaspora in the United States and the world, the expansion of Polish and foreign companies, the potential of tourist and medical services in Poland, the Polish investment fund on Wall Street and investment options in Poland.

The congress held in August, the third one this year, has been designed in such a way as to provide an opportunity for two days of interdisciplinary discussions on the Polish diaspora, and to enable all the participants to inspire each other with their experiences and achievements. History is of great importance to the Polish nation, so the Congress naturally included meetings and associated events commemorating the August 1980 strikes. Congress participants also saw a selection of clips from the international film“Dywizjon 303” (The No. 303 Polish Fighter Squadron) and the making of this production.

The subjects addressed during the congress included ethics in business relations, building Poland’s international image, the international experience of young Poles and the fledgling modern Poland – what they can offer each other. Among the topics will also be regional marketing and promotion, sports as a catalyst of the finest national traits,

Anna Maria Anders, Senator, Plenipotentiary for International Dialogue, Jerzy Kwieciński, Minister of Investment and Development, Rita Cosby, American journalist, three-time Emmy award winner.

Polish innovation as an export “product” –Government support for the Polish people (funds for businesses), the Three Seas Initiative and the Poland 3.0 Cross-Border Cooperation programme, the transfer of knowledge and innovation, energy security and the New Silk Road, Poland's and the Poles’ security, Brand Poland – international cooperation between Polish businesses – developing good practices, the role of the Church in fostering the community spirit between the Polish diaspora on all continents, regional cooperation, the role of diplomatic posts and organisations in building partnerships between cities and regions, and how to unite the 60 million Poles who live around the world: initiatives which unite Poles – the media and organisations of the Polish diaspora.

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Events

EUROPE’S FUTURE TO BE DISCUSSED IN K RYNIC A FOR THE 28 T H TIME

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This year, the days from September 4 to 6 are marked in red in the calendars of the most important politicians, local government members, economists and business people. They will all meet for the 28th time at the Economic Forum in the mountainous resort of Krynica, southern Poland. In 2018, the theme of the meeting is the question: “A Europe of Common Values or a Europe of Common Interests?”

or three days this small town, with a population of slightly over 10,000, will be the most heavily guarded place in Central and Eastern Europe because of its guests. But first of all, it will again become the economic and political capital of Europe. It has become a custom for former and incumbent presidents, prime ministers and high-ranking politicians to turn up in Krynica. They are joined by presidents of the largest listed companies, owners of growing start-ups and managerial staff of international corporations. This year’s theme of the Forum - “A Europe of Common Values or a Europe of Common Interests?” - is designed to encourage a search for answers to the question about the immediate future of the Old Continent. “Britain’s exit from the European Union, re-emerging migration problems and economic frictions with the United States will show which way Europe wants to go in coming years,” says Zygmunt Berdychowski, chairman of the Programme Council and originator of the Economic Forum in Krynica. “On the one hand, there is talk about unity and solidarity among all the countries. On the other hand, the biggest EU nations are beginning to talk about their own union inside the Union and ‘a twospeed Europe.’ The best solution would be to combine the interests and values into a single whole. In the face of the uncertain situation we have in the world, this is very difficult. The United States wants to keep its leading position and has to increasingly fiercely compete with China. As a result, we have a tariff war between these countries.

Russia, seemingly dormant, is looking at all this from the sidelines. But we must have no illusions: imperialistic ambitions are always at the fore there. Logic tells us that Europe

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should stick together. Meanwhile, we are seeing a situation where each country has its own separate interests, which do not always go hand in hand with values.”

The number of Forum participants is bigger every year. More than 4,000 are expected at the forthcoming event, with nearly 40% coming from abroad. There will be many important panellists from Eastern Europe and even the South Caucasus region. Incidentally, the Caucasian country of Georgia is a place where the ideas of the Krynica Forum have been put into practice. The first Economic Forum in Tbilisi was held in the country in May. Present at the Forum was Polish President Andrzej Duda who appreciated the importance of the event. “I am proud that the patterns worked out over the past years in Poland have been applied today in Georgia and that this Forum has been organised in

cooperation with the foundation which organises the Economic Forum in Krynica.”

The programme of this year’s Forum in Krynica includes six plenary sessions and almost 200 panel discussions focused on several problems: business and management, investment and development, Europe and the world, macroeconomics, new economy, the state and reforms, society and international politics. As usual, several forums devoted to specific topics will also be held: Security Forum, Innovation Forum, Healthcare Forum, Forum of the Regions, and Energy Forum. Among the awards presented will certainly be the Person of the Year title. There will also be many special events associated with the 100th anniversary of Poland’s independence. “The Economic Forum in Krynica has its prestige and reputation,” says Kinga Redłowska, programme director of the

Events

Forum. “Those who set aside time at the beginning of September to appear in Krynica know it well. Every year it is a great challenge for us to meet their expectations. As usual, the programme is varied and this gives us a broad spectrum of opportunities for inviting the most important guests. We attach great importance to inviting foreign guests so that everyone knows that the Forum is an international event. This is how we are perceived in Europe. This is a great honour, but at the same time realisation how much effort we have to make to stay at the top.”

Among the persons already registered as participants are Lithuanian Prime Minister Saulius Skvernelis, Speaker of the Lower Chamber of the Polish Parliament Marek Kuchciński, Polish Ministers of Finance Teresa Czerwińska, of Labour, Family and Social Policy Elżbieta Rafalska, of Education Anna Zalewska, of Health Łukasz Szumowski, of Infrastructure Andrzej Adamczyk, of the Environment Henryk Kowalczyk, of the Maritime Economy Marek Gróbarczyk, of Sport Witold Bańka, Deputy Prime Minister and Culture Minister Piotr Gliński, Latvian Minister of Foreign Affairs Edgars Rinkevics, Czech Minister of Labour and Social Affairs Jana Malacova, President of the Polish National Media Council Krzysztof Czabański and President of Telewizja Polska SA (Polish public television) Jacek Kurski.

“The apple of our eye, of course, are the most important of the important persons and we are waiting for their registration,” says Piotr Tokarski, head of the press office of the Economic Forum. “In recent years, one could hardly imagine an Economic Forum without President Andrzej Duda, Prime Minister Beata Szydło, Prime Minister Mateusz Morawiecki and their counterparts from other countries.

I think that it is only a matter of time for us to receive their confirmations and that we will soon be able to announce it officially. There will certainly be no shortage of participants of world stature, experts in their respective spheres of interest. We hope that we will cross this year the magical barrier of 5,000 registered persons. The Forum is also attended by journalists and we have already received more than 300 accreditation applications, despite the fact that the accreditation process began only three weeks ago.”

An unprecedented event at the Forum will be a governmental meeting devoted to healthcare. Minister Łukasz Szumowski, who has initiated the programme “Jointly for Health,” will be the host of the meeting. It will be attended by other ministers involved on a daily basis in matters concerning the state of

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Polish society. The ministers will be trying to work out a new model of health programmes, thanks to which access to health services is expected to improve considerably. The discussion will concern many problems, including issues so distant from the daily practice of physician’s offices as the health of the Polish armed forces and prevention programmes for children. This is why the ministers responsible for defence, finance and others, for whom the problems to be discussed are of interest, have been invited to the table.

This year, the Forum will return to its roots in some way because the invited guests will be taking part in talks called Discussions about Poland and the World. Its participants will be the most important persons who are to arrive in Krynica. Speeches are to be given not only by ministers of the Mateusz Morawiecki government, but also the best-known politicians: Grzegorz Schetyna, Władysław Kosiniak-Kamysz, Patryk Jaki and Włodzimierz Czarzasty.

One of the topics discussed will be cooperation within the Visegrad Group. Perhaps it will even be possible to work out a new model for this cooperation. In recent years there has been much talk about divergences among members of the Group. This was particularly apparent during the migration crisis and the recent disputes between Poland and the European Union when Poland received strong support only from Hungary. Perhaps the future of the Visegrad Four is its opening to cooperation with other Central and Eastern European countries. Perhaps its importance will decrease in the near future, especially in the face of the strongly emphasised Three Seas initiative. Krynica is certainly a good venue for discussing such important and strategic alliances, which have a great influence on the functioning of all countries on the Old Continent.

Local government issues will be of particular importance considering that local government elections are scheduled to take place soon after the Forum. This is why the programme of the Krynica Forum includes such topics as the future of the local government, the development of Eastern Poland and the smart-city concept. Of great importance will also be the Healthcare Forum. Its participants will discuss the organisation of the healthcare system, the future of cardiology and access to cancer drugs.

The programme of the Economic Forum is almost complete and many participants have already confirmed their presence. Some of them have visited Krynica in September • for many years now.

Food Industry

INDEPENDENT POLAND TASTES GREAT The project “Independent Poland Tastes Great” has become an excellent illustration that Polish cuisine - just like Poland’s history, of which it is a part - has had its days of glory, turbulence, exotic borrowings and forced influences.

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Food Industry

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n 2018, the year marking the 100th anniversary of Poland regaining its independence, the Polish Ecology Association is carrying out a project whose main objective is to promote Polish food and national culinary traditions. “The main goal of our activities is drawing attention to the quality and taste of Polish food, and encouraging consumers to exercise economic patriotism – a bit in the style of the pre-war idea of ‘himself to his own for his own’,” says President of the Polish Ecology Association Paweł Krajmas. “We want to make Polish people aware that our country’s prosperity largely depends on their daily shopping decisions.”

Thanks to the project, the huge pavilion “Independent Poland Tastes Great” can be seen at the largest agricultural and food events across Poland. The itinerary of the presentation includes Warsaw, Szepietowo near the city of Białystok in eastern Poland, Minikowo near the city of Bydgoszcz in the north, Augustów in north-east and Rudawka Rymanowska in the south-east. The event in Rudawka Rymanowska was held on August 25 and 26 and its highlight was the spitroasting of a bull. The event is part of the Culinary Trail of the Podkarpacie region while the Trail itself is on the list of the Seven Wonders of Poland.

The presentations have attracted thousands of tourists from Poland and abroad and hundreds of exhibitors and breeders, with each venue turning into the capital of Polish agriculture.

Inside the unusual pavilion there is a professional kitchen and work stations for culinary contests. During the events held so far, the members of country women’s clubs and students of catering schools taking part in the contests have prepared regional dishes in front of visitors. Among the dishes were traditional Sunday dinners from the region of Pomerania and Kujawy: potato soup, beef collops, fried apples with vanilla

sauce, chicken broth, chicken meat fried in butter with potatoes, and vegetable salad with mayonnaise. The culinary contests revealed the richness of local cuisines. In the kitchen, cooks prepared dishes based on Polish culinary tradition with the use of Polish food. They served, for example, blood sausage with onion, square noodles with cabbage and meat, organic scrambled eggs, pork loin in lemon sauce, and steak tartare. They used the best Polish meats, vegetables, cream, milk, butter, herbs and spices. Thousands of portions, prepared by eight cooks from various Polish regions, were served on environment-friendly plates made of bran.

Among the people visiting the “Independent Poland Tastes Great” pavilion was Minister of Agriculture and Rural Development Krzysztof Ardanowski. He stressed the need to strengthen the promotion of Polish food.

The events will be remembered for a long time and it is worth following their example. At the end of the “Independent Poland Tastes Good” project, presentations will be held in Kraków (September 29-30, 2018) and Warsaw (October 13, 2018).

And what will the Association show in the wide world?

This autumn, the Polish sail training ship Dar Młodzieży will become a sailing embassy for Polish tastes in China, Singapore, Indonesia and Japan. National Receptions “Independent Poland Tastes Great” will be organised for target groups, with tastings prepared by Polish chefs specialising in international presentations. They will use Polish products, including pork, beef, lamb and poultry, fruit, vegetables and preserves. Each dish will be provided with information about the ingredients used.

Money for the implementation of the “Independent Poland Tastes Great” project comes from funds for the promotion of pork, beef, poultry, lamb, milk, fruit and vegetables.

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Food Industry

POLISH ECOLOGY ASSOCIATION OF PROCESSORS AND PRODUCERS OF ORGANIC PRODUCTS

T

he main task of the Polish Ecology Association of Processors and Producers of Organic Products is opening people’s minds and stressing the importance of more conscious eating, the need to choose organic and high-quality food, and its impact on health.

Over the nearly 12 years since its inception the association has managed step by step to organise hundreds of culinary workshops, meetings with consumers and presentations at international and national fairs. There is every indication that the effort has produced results because the wave of interest in organic food is growing.

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PAWEŁ KRAJMAS, President of the Polish Ecology Association

According to the survey “Who is Drawn to Health Food,” conducted by the Evaluation Centre, Polish people increasingly value natural and fresh food, coming from a reliable source, certified and of premium quality. If certified food already matters to as much as 34% of Polish people a lot of credit for this goes to the Polish Ecology Association. Forecasts are also promising. Analyses made by BGŻ BNP Paribas indicate that changes on the food market will be possible thanks to generational change. Young people give preference to organic food and high product quality. The Internet, social networking services and local communities play a big role in this respect.

The Polish Ecology Association brings together individuals and businesses involved in the production of food from certified organic raw materials. The mission of the Association is to represent the whole organic food sector while actively working for the development of the organic market and educating the public. The efforts taken by the Board of the Association have also produced results thanks to motivating organic farmers and processors of organic food. And this supports the development of innovative offerings.

The president of the Association is Paweł Krajmas, an experienced great meat processing master, an authority on organic food production, and an award-winning and well-known public activist in the region of Podkarpacie in south-eastern Poland.

Jolanta Lyska, general director of the Association and its good spirit, has taken care of matters vital for the organisation since the beginning.

Organic food production methods contribute to protecting public health and the natural environment, and make it possible to maintain biodiversity in keeping with the slogan: “Euroleaf as a Symbol of Top-Quality • Product.”

Food Industry

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